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Tổng Hợp Tài Liệu, Đề Thi, Câu Hỏi TTHS
Tổng Hợp Tài Liệu, Đề Thi, Câu Hỏi TTHS
vn
PHN I: CC BI VIT THAM KHO TRN TP CH SCH BO
Mt s kin v pham vi gim dc thm theo quy d[nh tai diu 284 BLTTHS
TS. Phan Th Thanh Mai *
Khoa Lut Hnh s Trng H Lut HN
Cc bn n v quyt nh ca to n mang tnh quyn lc nh nc su sc, oc to n tuyn nhn danh Nh
nc, th hin trc tip thi ca Nh nc i vi vu n, quyt nh nhng vn c lin quan trc tip n
quyn loi, ngha vu ca cng dn v nhng ch th khc. V vy, vic m bo tnh ng n ca cc bn n,
quyt nh c hiu lc php lut ca to n l i hi thit yu ca nh nc php quyn. Yu cu ny c bit
quan trong trong t tung hnh s, khi m to n c quyn ra bn n hnh s, quyt nh nhng vn v trch
nhim hnh s, hnh phat v cc bin php t php i vi b co, nh hng n t do, danh d, ti sn, nhn
thn v thm ch c tnh mang ca con ngi. Vic quy nh nguyn tc xt x vu n theo nhiu cp (thng l
chung l hai cp xt x) v t chc to n theo th bc to n cp trn c th xem xt lai phn quyt ca to n
cp di l mt trong nhng gii php v mt php lut gii quyt vn ny. Mc d c co ch m
bo tnh hop php ca cc bn n hoc quyt nh trc khi c hiu lc php lut nhng nhng bn n hoc
quyt nh ny vn c th khng hop php v i hi phi c th tuc gii quyt. Trong lut t tung hnh s Vit
Nam, th tuc ny oc goi l th tuc gim c thm. Trn co s nghin cu nhng vn l lun v gim c
thm cng nh nghin cu, nh gi thc tin gim c thm trong nhng nm gn y; qua tham kho ti liu
php l v B lut t tung hnh s ca mt s nc trn th gii v trong khu vc, chng ti nhn thy quy nh ca
php lut v gim c thm Vit Nam v cc quc gia khc t trc n nay u c c im chung l han ch
vic gim c thm. Vic han ch ny nhm trnh tnh trang bn n hoc quyt nh c hiu lc php lut b
hy b hiu lc trong nhng trng hop khng thc s cn thit; m bo tnh n nh ca cc bn n v quyt
nh c hiu lc php lut, m bo cc quan h php lut oc thit lp bi cc phn quyt ca to n sau
khi xt x so thm hoc phc thm. Php lut mi nc c nhng quy nh han ch ring, ph hop, thng nht vi
cc quy nh khc trong mt ch nh php lut hon chinh. Lut t tung hnh s Vit Nam quy nh han ch v cn
c khng ngh gim c thm; thi han khng ngh gim c thm theo hng bt loi cho ngi b kt n; ch th
c quyn khng ngh gim c thm; thm quyn gim c thm v quyn han ca hi ng gim c thm.
Nhng quy nh php lut c tnh han ch th tuc gim c thm l ph hop vi l lun v thc tin t tung. Tuy
nhin, ring quy nh v pham vi gim c thm lai khng theo xu hng han ch m lai m rng pham vi gim
c thm.
iu 284 BLTTHS nm 2003 quy nh v pham vi gim c thm nh sau: "Hi ng gim c thm phi xem xt
ton b vu n m khng chi han ch trong ni dung ca khng ngh.
Hin nay, cha c vn bn ca co quan c thm quyn gii thch nn c nhng l gii khc nhau v quy nh ny.
C kin cho rng gim c thm l cp cui cng xem xt lai bn n hoc quyt nh c hiu lc php lut. V
vy, to n c thm quyn gim c thm xem xt ton b vu n, khng b han ch bi ni dung khng ngh nhm
bo m vic xt x vu n ng ngi, ng ti, ng php lut.([i])
kin khc lai cho rng xut pht t tnh cht v c im ca gim c thm nn vic xem xt ton b vu n va
l quyn va l trch nhim i vi hi ng gim c thm. To n c thm quyn gim c thm phi xem xt lai
ton b vu n, pht hin cc vi pham php lut c bin php khc phuc. Nu khng ngh chi cp ti danh,
hnh phat ca mt hay mt s ngi th hi ng gim c thm vn phi xem xt ti danh, hnh phat ca tt c
nhng ngi b kt n c bin php khc phuc. Pham vi gim c thm khng b rng buc bi ni dung ca
khng ngh. Bn n hoc quyt nh c hiu lc php lut b khng ngh ton b hay mt phn cng khng c
ngha n pham vi xem xt ca hi ng gim c thm.([ii])
Nhng kin trn u a ra nhng co s gii thch cho iu lut v khng bnh lun v tnh hop l ca iu
lut. Tuy nhin, cc tc gi cng cho rng xem xt v quyt nh l hai vn khc nhau, xem xt ton b vu n
khng c ngha l oc quyn quyt nh i vi moi vn ca vu n. T cch hiu ny lai ny sinh vn :
Quyn han ca hi ng gim c thm khi quyt nh theo hng bt loi v theo hng c loi i vi nhng
ngi b kt n c lin quan n khng ngh v i vi nhng ngi b kt n khng lin quan n khng ngh. Vn
ny c nhiu quan im khng thng nht. C quan im cho rng hi ng gim c thm c quyn quyt
nh theo hng bt loi cho ngi b kt n khng lin quan n khng ngh; c quan im cho rng khng oc
quyt nh theo hng bt loi cho ngi b kt n khng lin quan n khng ngh.([iii])
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Ti liu mn Lut T Tng Hnh S sinhvienluat.vn
Vic gii thch iu lut theo hng phn bit quyn xem xt v quyn quyt nh nh nu trn theo chng ti
l s suy din c tnh ch quan. Nu cho rng xem xt khng c ngha l oc quyn quyt nh th r rng l
iu 284 BLTTHS cha xc nh oc pham vi gim c thm l oc quyt nh v nhng vn g. Chng ti
khng ngh rng cc nh lm lut a ra iu lut thiu ni dung php l nh vy.
Theo chng ti, iu lut ny gm nhng ni dung sau:
- Nhng vn m to n c thm quyn gim c thm phi xem xt l ton b vu n m khng chi han ch
trong ni dung ca khng ngh gim c thm;
- Theo T in ting Vit, "xem xt l "tm hiu, quan st k nh gi, rt ra nhng nhn xt, nhng kt lun
cn thit khc,([iv]) v vy, ni dung iu 284 BLTTHS nm 2003 v pham vi gim c thm bao hm c quyn
nh gi v ra quyt nh. iu 241 BLTTHS v pham vi xt x phc thm quy nh: "To n cp phc thm xem
xt ni dung khng co, khng ngh. Nu xt thy cn thit th to n cp phc thm c th xem xt cc phn khc
khng b khng co, khng ngh ca bn n. Trong quy nh ny, t "xem xt oc dng theo ngha ny v khng
ai t vn phn bit quyn xem xt vi quyn quyt nh.
- Vic BLTTHS quy nh to n c thm quyn gim c thm phi xem xt ton b vu n l trch nhim c tnh
bt buc ca to n c thm quyn gim c thm.
Vi nhng ni dung nh trn, chng ti nhn thy iu 246 BLTTHS c mt s bt cp sau:
Th nht, iu 284 BLTTHS quy nh hi ng gim c thm phi xem xt ton b vu n. Theo chng ti, "ton
b vu n l khi nim khng r rng. Thng thng, trong TTHS, nhng gii han hoc pham vi oc php tin
hnh hoat ng t tung oc xc nh cu th bi cc quyt nh t tung cu th nh quyt nh khi t vu n, khi
t b can, quyt nh nh chi iu tra, nh chi vu n, quyt nh ngh truy t, quyt nh truy t, bn n, khng
ngh v.v.. Trong mt s trng hop c bit cn c th xc nh bi nhng co s khc, cc co s ny mc d
khng phi l cc quyt nh t tung ca co quan nh nc c thm quyn nhng oc lut t tung xc nh gi tr
php l v mt t tung. Nhng co s ny l on yu cu khi t vu n v rt yu cu khi t vu n ca ngi b hai
trong trng hop khi t vu n theo yu cu ca ngi b hai oc quy nh tai iu 105 BLTTHS hay khng co
ca b co v nhng ngi tham gia t tung khc. Nh vy, khi nim ton b vu n trong iu 284 BLTTHS phi
oc hiu nh th no; cn c vo pham vi quyt nh khi t vu n, khi t b can; vo kt lun iu tra ngh
truy t ca co quan iu tra; vo ni dung quyt nh truy t ca vin kim st; vo ni dung bn n so thm hay
bn n phc thm? Trong qu trnh t tung, pham vi vu n m cc co quan tin hnh t tung phi gii quyt trong
tng giai oan t tung rng hep khc nhau, v vy, theo chng ti, cn phi xc nh r vn bn t tung cu th no
l co s php l xc nh pham vi gim c thm.
Th hai, t "xem xt trong iu 284 BLTTHS cng khng r rng. Nu hiu xem xt khng c ngha l c quyn
quyt nh nh cch gii thch ca mt s tc gi th iu 284 BLTTHS cha xc nh oc pham vi gim c
thm oc quyn quyt nh vn g. Cn nu hiu xem xt l c quyn quyt nh th pham vi gim c thm l
qu rng. Gi s chng ta xc nh "ton b vu n mc pham vi hep nht ca khi nim ny l cn c vo
ni dung bn n hoc quyt nh c hiu lc php lut b khng ngh gim c thm th quy nh ny cng c
th dn n hu qu bt loi cho nhng ngi khng lin quan n khng ngh gim c thm. Nu to n c thm
quyn gim c thm xem xt nhng vn ngoi pham vi khng ngh th to n c thm quyn gim c thm c
th hy bn n c hiu lc php lut xt x lai theo hng bt loi cho c nhng ngi khng b khng ngh
theo th tuc gim c thm.
gii quyt bt cp ny, c kin cho rng nn gi nguyn iu lut v b sung thm quy nh khng oc
quyt nh theo hng khng c loi cho ngi b kt n nu khng c khng ngh theo hng m bo
nguyn tc khng lm xu i tnh trang ca b co tong t nh trong th tuc phc thm.([v]) Theo chng ti, vic
b sung iu lut nh trn cha gii quyt ht nhng bt cp nh phn tch trn.
Theo quan im ca chng ti, iu 284 BLTTHS cn phi sa i theo hng:
- B cum t "ton b vu n v nh phn tch trn, chng ta khng xc nh oc th no l "ton b vu n;
- Thay t "xem xt thnh t "xt lai xc nh r thm quyn quyt nh ca hi ng gim c thm.
- Thm quyn ca hi ng gim c thm cn oc xc nh bi khng ngh gim c thm bi v khng ngh
gim c thm chnh l co s pht sinh th tuc gim c thm.
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Ti liu mn Lut T Tng Hnh S sinhvienluat.vn
Xu hng chung ca cc nc trn th gii cng nh theo quan im ca cc nh lm lut Vit Nam th vic xt
lai bn n, quyt nh c hiu lc php lut chi tin hnh trong nhng trng hop rt han ch m bo tnh
n nh ca cc bn n, quyt nh c hiu lc php lut. Lut t tung hnh s ca mt s nc cng gii han
pham vi gim c thm theo ni dung khng ngh gim c thm: iu 444 BLTTHS Hn Quc quy nh: "To n
ti cao s chi iu tra nhng vn ghi trong on xem xt vic khng n c bit.([vi]) iu 460 BLTTHS Nht
Bn cng quy nh: "To n chi xem xt nhng vn oc nu trong khng ngh gim c thm.([vii]) Vic m
rng pham vi gim c thm l khng cn thit v khng ng vi tnh cht ca gim c thm l chi tin hnh khi
c khng ngh ca ch th c thm quyn. Gi s, nu nh bn n c hiu lc php lut tuyn phat b co v
nhiu ti, khng ngh gim c thm chi cp vic to n nh ti danh sai i vi mt ti th khng c l do g
buc to n c thm quyn gim c thm phi xt lai phn bn n v tt c cc ti khc, nht l khi bn n
c hiu lc php lut. Quy nh theo hng m rng pham vi gim c thm khng chi lm tng khi long cng
vic cho to n c thm quyn gim c thm m cn c tnh cht bao bin, lm thay to n cp phc thm, khng
pht huy oc trch nhim ca to n cp phc thm trong vic khc phuc nhng sai lm trong hoat ng xt x
ca to n cp so thm.
Cng c kin cho rng, nu gii han pham vi gim c thm theo ni dung khng ngh c th dn n tnh trang
khng khc phuc ht nhng sai lm trong hoat ng xt x v vic bn n c th b gim c thm nhiu ln.
trnh tnh trang ny, theo chng ti, khi kim tra tnh hop php ca cc bn n, quyt nh c hiu lc php lut,
to n v vin kim st phi kim tra ton b bn n, quyt nh c hiu lc php lut. Khi gii quyt on
ngh gim c thm, to n v vin kim st cng phi xem xt ton b bn n, quyt nh m khng phu thuc
vo ni dung ca on ngh, trn co s ra quyt nh khng ngh gim c thm. khng ngh gim c
thm y , khng b st vi pham php lut nghim trong cn phi xem xt ton b bn n v quyt nh c
hiu lc php lut nhng khi gim c thm th pham vi gim c thm cn phi oc gii han trong pham vi ca
khng ngh m bo nguyn tc phi hop, ch c trong t tung hnh s. Nu trong khi gim c thm pht
hin vi pham php lut nghim trong cha c khng ngh th hi ng gim c thm thng bo cho ngi c thm
quyn khng ngh khng ngh. Tuy nhin, vn ny khng cn thit phi quy nh trong iu 284 BLTTHS v
pham vi gim c thm m cn oc quy nh cu th hon v quyn b sung khng ngh tai iu 277 BLTTHS v
khng ngh theo th tuc gim c thm.
T nhng phn tch trn, chng ti kin ngh sa i iu 284 BLTTHS nh sau: "Hi ng gim ng thm chi xt
lai nhng vn oc nu trong khng ngh gim c thm./.
([i]).Xem: PGS.TS. V Khnh Vinh (ch bin) , "Bnh lun khoa hoc B lut t tung hnh s, Nxb. Cng an nhn
dn, H Ni, 2004, tr. 769.
([ii]).Xem: Nguyn Vn Trong, "Gim c thm trong t tung hnh s, Lun vn thac s (1996), tr. 84; inh Vn
Qu, "Gim c thm, ti thm v hnh s Nhng vn l lun v thc tin, Nxb. Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni,
1997, tr. 69.
([iii]).Xem: inh Vn Qu, "Gim c thm, ti thm v hnh s Nhng vn l lun v thc tin, Nxb. Chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni, 1997, tr.73.
([iv]).Xem: Trung tm t in hoc, "T in ting Vit, Nxb. Khoa hoc x hi, H Ni, 1994, tr.1107.
([v]).Xem: Hong Qung Lc, "Bn v thi im pht sinh hiu lc ca bn n so thm khng b khng co, khng
ngh, Tap ch TAND s 5/1997, tr.22; Nguyn Vn Trong, Gim c thm trong t tung hnh s, Lun vn thac s
(1996), tr.82; inh Vn Qu, Gim c thm, ti thm v hnh s Nhng vn l lun v thc tin, Nxb. Chnh
tr quc gia, H Ni, 1997, tr.72.
([vi]).Xem: Vin khoa hoc kim st VKSNDTC (1998), "Lut t tung hnh s Hn Quc, (bn dch ting Vit), tr.100.
([vii]).Xem: Vin khoa hoc kim st VKSNDTC (1993), "B lut t tung hnh s Nht Bn, (bn dch ting Vit)., tr.
74., tr. 220, 22
Theo Tap ch Lut hoc s 7/2008
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Ti liu mn Lut T Tng Hnh S sinhvienluat.vn
Hon thin quy d[nh php Iut v th tc phin ta xt x phc thm v n hnh s
TS. Phan Th Thanh Mai
Khoa Lut hnh s i h Lut H! N"i
Th tuc phin ta oc tin hnh nh th no phu thuc vo tnh cht v ni dung ca phin ta, th hin mi
quan h bin chng gia ni dung v hnh thc. Xt x phc thm v xt x so thm vu n hnh s tuy cng l
hoat ng xt x nhng xt x phc thm cn c nhng c trng khc bit so vi xt x so thm nn th tuc
phin ta phc thm cng phi c nhng khc bit cn thit v ph hop. Th tuc phin ta phc thm theo quy
nh ca BLTTHS nm 2003 (v hng dn thc hin iu ny trong Ngh quyt s 05/NQ-HTP Hng dn thi
hnh mt s quy nh trong Phn th t "Xt x phc thm ca BLTTHS ngy 8/12/2005 ca HTP TANDTC) rt
so si v thiu cu th. Chng ti xin ng gp mt s kin hon thin quy nh ca BLTTHS v th tuc phin ta
so thm, p ng yu cu ca ci cch t php, cu th l nhng kin sau:
1. Cn sa i, b sung iu 247 v th tuc phin ta phc thm.
Theo quy nh tai iu 247 BLTTHS, th tuc phin ta so thm oc tin hnh nh sau: "Phin ta phc thm
cng tin hnh nh phin ta so thm nhng trc khi xt hi, mt thnh vin ca Hi ng xt x phi trnh by
tm tt ni dung vu n, quyt nh ca bn n so thm, ni dung ca khng co hoc khng ngh. Khi tranh lun,
Kim st vin pht biu quan im ca Vin kim st v vic gii quyt vu n. Quy nh ny cng oc hng
dn cu th tai Ngh quyt s 05/2005/NQ-HTP ca Hi ng thm phn TANDTC hng dn thi hnh mt s quy
nh chung trong Phn th t "Xt x phc thm ca BLTTHS ngy 8/12/2005. Tuy nhin, nhng quy nh ny
cn cha y , cu th cn sa i, b sung cho hop l hon.
- Th nht, cn b sung mt s th tuc phin ta phc thm m trn thc t oc tin hnh khc vi th tuc phin
ta so thm v khng th p dung tong t quy nh php lut v th tuc phin ta so thm nhng cha oc quy
nh trong iu 247.
- Khi bt u phin ta, thay cho vic oc quyt nh a vu n ra xt x, ch toa phin ta khai mac phin ta.
Th tuc ny khc vi th tuc phin ta so thm nn cn a vo iu lut.
- Phi b sung quy nh v th tuc kim tra xem ngi tham gia t tung oc giao thng bo v vic khng co,
khng ngh; thng bo v vic m phin ta hay cha v gii quyt yu cu hon phin ta nu ho yu cu v
cha oc giao nhng thng bo ny ng thi han lut nh.
Co s pht sinh th tuc phc thm v pham vi xt x phc thm l cn c vo khng co, khng ngh phc thm.
V vy, Ta n cp so thm phi thng bo v vic khng co, khng ngh cho Vin kim st cng cp v nhng
ngi tham gia t tung c lin quan n khng co, khng ngh trong thi han by ngy bng cng vn i vi
Vin kim st v bng giy triu tp tham gia phin ta i vi ngi tham gia t tung (oc quy nh tai iu 236
BLTTHS v hng dn cu th trong Ngh quyt s 05 ca HTP TANDTC ngy 8/12/2005).[1] Vic thng bo ny
rt cn thit nhng ch th c lin quan n khng co khng ngh c th chun b tt cho vic bo v cc
quyn v loi ch hop php ca ho tai phin ta. Ho c quyn oc gi vn bn nu kin ca mnh v ni dung
khng co, khng ngh v kin ca ho oc a vo h so vu n. Hi ng xt x phi hi xem ho oc
thng bo v khng co, khng ngh ng thi han lut nh hay cha, nu ho cha oc giao hoc oc giao
khng ng thi han lut nh th phi hi xem ho c yu cu hon phin ta hay khng, nu ho yu cu, HXX
phi hon phin ta.
Ngoi thng bo v vic khng co, khng ngh, chm nht l mi lm ngy trc ngy m phin ta, Ta n
cp phc thm phi thng bo bng vn bn cho Vin kim st cng cp v nhng ngi tham gia t tung v thi
gian, a im xt x phc thm vu n ho tham gia phin ta phc thm. Tai phin ta, HXXPT cng phi hi
xem ho oc thng bo trong thi han lut nh hay khng; c yu cu hon phin ta nu cha oc giao
hoc giao khng ng thi han hay khng. Th tuc ny phi oc b sung vo iu 247 BLTTHS v th tuc phin
ta phc thm.
Ni dung ca thng bo tham gia phin ta xt x phc thm theo chng ti cng cha y . iu 242 BLTTHS
quy nh ni dung thng bo chi c thng tin v thi gian, a im xt x phc thm vu n. Vin kim st c
th thc hin tt chc nng, nhim vu ca mnh; b co, b co, ai din hop php ca b co v ngi bo cha
c th thc hin tt cc quyn v nha vu t tung tai phin ta, theo chng ti, cn phi thng bo cho nhng ch
th ny y nhng ni dung tong t nh ni dung quyt nh a vu n ra xt x cp so thm. Trong ni
dung ca thng bo phi nu r x cng khai hay x kn; ho tn thm Thm phn, Hi thm, Th k Ta n, ho
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Ti liu mn Lut T Tng Hnh S sinhvienluat.vn
tn thm phn d khuyt, nu c; ho tn kim st vin tham gia phin ta, Kim st vin d khuyt, nu c; ho tn
ngi bo cha, nu c; ho tn ngi phin dch, nu c; ho tn ngi oc triu tp xt hi tai phin ta; vt
chng cn a ra xem xt tai phin ta. trn co s ni dung oc thng bo , cc ch th tham gia phin ta c
th xem xt c cn yu cu thay i ngi tin hnh v tham gia t tung hay khng; c cn yu cu triu tp thm
ngi lm chng hoc cung cp thm ti liu, vt c lin quan hay khng.
- Cn b sung quy nh th tuc xem xt vic b sung, thay i, rt khng co, khng ngh tai phin ta.
iu 238 BLTTHS quy nh v quyn ca ch th khng co khng ngh c quyn b sung, thay i, rt khng co,
khng ngh nh sau: Trc khi bt u hoc tai phin ta phc thm, ngi khng co hoc Vin kim st c
quyn b sung, thay i khng co, khng ngh nhng khng oc lm xu hon tnh trang ca b co; rt mt phn
hoc ton b khng co, khng ngh. iu ny oc hng dn tai Ngh quyt s 05. Tuy nhin, th tuc gii
quyt vic b sung, thay i, rt khng co, khng ngh tai phin ta cn oc quy nh trong iu 247 v th tuc
ny l th tuc ca phin ta phc thm, khng th p dung th tuc phin ta so thm, nu khng quy nh trong
iu lut s khng c cn c php l gii quyt. Vic xem xt, gii quyt phi oc tho lun v thng qua tai
phng ngh n. HXX c th khng chp nhn vic b sung, thay i khng co, khng ngh nu vi pham iu 238
BLTTHS. Nu vic b sung khng co dn n vic pham vi xt x phc thm lin quan n nhng ngi tham
gia t tung khc cha oc triu tp th cn phi hon phin ta triu tp thm ngi c quyn loi, ngha vu
lin quan n khng co, khng ngh.[2] Trong trng hop Vin kim st, ngi khng co rt khng co, khng
ngh tai phin ta th vic rt khng co, khng ngh phi oc ghi vo bin bn. Nu rt ton b khng co, khng
ngh th vic xt x phc thm phi oc nh chi. Nu rt mt phn khng co, khng ngh hoc cn c khng
co, khng ngh khc th Ta n cp phc thm xt x phn khng co, khng ngh cn lai v c nhng phn
rt theo hng gim nhe v hnh s cho b co theo quy nh tai iu 241 v khon 2 iu 249 BLTTHS.[3]
- Th hai, sa i ni dung iu 247 v th tuc trc khi tin hnh xt hi tai phin ta so thm.
Theo quy nh tai iu 247 BLTTHS, trc khi tin hnh xt hi, mt thnh vin ca HXX phi tm tt ni dung
vu n, quyt nh ca bn n so thm, ni dung ca khng co, khng ngh (trn thc t, t trng hop tt c cc
thm phn oc phn cng xt x u c iu kin nghin cu h so vu n m thng chi do thm phn oc
phn cng ch toa phin ta bo co). Quy nh ny c im ging so vi quy nh th tuc phin ta gim c
thm v ti thm (co ch thm phn bo co vin). Tuy nhin, phin ta phc thm l phin ta xt x m khng
phi l th tuc xt lai, v vy, theo chng ti, cn phi th hin r nt hon vai tr ca cc ch th tham gia tranh
tung tai phin ta. Co s pht sinh th tuc xt x so thm l quyt nh truy t ca Vin kim st, v vy, tai phin
ta so thm, trc khi tin hnh xt hi, Kim st vin oc bn co trang (hoc quyt nh truy t theo th tuc rt
gon) v kin b sung, nu c. Theo lgic nh vy, co s pht sinh th tuc xt x phc thm l khng co, khng
ngh th trc khi tin hnh xt hi, ngoi vic mt thnh vin ca HXX phi tm tt ni dung vu n, quyt nh
ca bn n so thm th vic trnh by khng co, khng ngh phi do cc ch th khng co khng ngh t
mnh trnh by v b sung kin, nu c. Nu ngi khng co vng mt, mt thnh vin ca HXX trnh by ni
dung khng co ca ngi . Vic cc ch th khng co, khng ngh t mnh trnh by khng co, khng ngh
nh vy theo chng ti tao cho Vin kim st v ngi khng co (l nhng ch th ca hoat ng tranh tung) vai
tr ch ng hon, ng thi lm cho vai tr ca HXX (co quan ti phn) tr nn v t, khch quan hon.
Th ba, nn sa i, b sung quy nh v trnh t pht biu khi tranh lun tai phin ta phc thm.
iu 247 BLTTHS khng quy nh cu th v trnh t pht biu khi tranh lun tai phin ta phc thm m quy nh
p dung tong t nh th tuc phin ta so thm. Trnh t nh sau: Kim st vin trnh by li lun ti; b co,
ngi bo cha trnh by li bo cha; ngi b hai, nguyn on dn s, b on dn s , ngi c quyn loi,
ngha vu lin quan n vu n; ai din hop php, ngi bo v quyn loi ca nhng ngi ny trnh by kin
(iu 217 BLTTHS). Quy nh ny l ph hop vi phin ta so thm, trn co s buc ti ca Vin kim st tin
hnh vic xt hi cng nh tranh lun. Nhng nu p dung tong t vo phin ta phc thm l khng hon ton
hop l. Co s cho vic xt hi v tranh lun tai phin ta phc thm l khng co, khng ngh phc thm, v vy,
ch th khng co, khng ngh phi l ngi trnh by kin ca mnh bt u qu trnh tranh lun tai phin ta.
Nu Vin kim st khng ngh, Kim st vin l ngi pht biu u tin nhng nu Vin kim st khng khng
ngh m b co khng co th b co phi oc pht biu u tin. Nu c nhiu ch th cng khng co, khng
ngh th trnh t pht biu do HXX xem xt v quyt nh. Theo chng ti nn theo nguyn tc Vin kim st trnh
by trc ngi tham gia t tung v bn c kin buc ti trnh by trc. Trong lut t tung hnh s ca mt s
nc cng c quy nh v vn ny vi nhng ni dung khc nhau nhng u theo nguyn tc xc nh trnh t
pht biu cn c vo ch th khng co, khng ngh m khng phi lun theo th tuc Kim st vin trnh by li
lun ti. iu 206 BLTTHS Thi Lan quy nh: nu mt bn yu cu oc trnh by trc th bn s ni trc;
nu c hai bn u xin ni trc th bn khng co trnh by trc; nu nu c hai bn u xin ni trc v c hai
bn u c on khng co th ngi buc ti oc trnh by trc sau ti lot b co.[4] iu 377 BLTTHS
Lin bang Nga nm 2002 cng quy nh: thm phn nghe kin ca bn khng co hoc khng ngh v cn c
S.K