( )

(to hash , ).
h, .. , -
h = h (M) M. ,
, .
,
,
:
, .

: M M,
, .

h(M)

(512 )

Es=f(h(M),kA)
(M;Es)
h(M)=g(Es,KA)

 ,
,
:
M h = h (M)
, - .
,
. -
( ).
h M
, h = h (M), ..
.
M
M (M M ), h (M) = h (M ).
M M,
h (M ) = h (M ).



,
-.
,
.

 m ,
, , ,

. , m 23,
,
1/2.
:
n m ,
.
, ,
n
m d n

Pr 2 ~ 1 e d

/2

 , L ,

2L. ,
, 2L / 2
M M

. -
,
2 L
, L ,
,
, .

M1
M

M1

Mn

M
Mn

 512
()
h(M) , .. 512

 34.10 2001
( 34.11 94)

DSS (DSA + SHA-256)