PRECAST RC SQUARE PILE

The aim of pile design is to provide a footing which will safely

support the superstructure over its design life. The footing
shall be durable, and of adequate strength and the footing
performance shall be compatible withthe superstructure so that it
remains serviceable and can perform its intended function.
Piles are considered of displacement type and they shall be
designed for both structural and geotechnical strength
requirements. As geotechnical design involves pile - soil
interaction the capacity then shall be usually assessed vide
static pile load testing. Once the piles are driven to their fnal
position the stresses caused by foundation loading are likely to
be much lower than those caused by handling and driving.
The reinforcement requirements are predominantly catered
for handing during manufacture, storage, transport and on
site as appropriate.
SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN
Piles shall be designed to BS 8110 or CP 116 and to MS 1314
(see table 1, 2 and 3). Any special design criteria or to other
relevant codes, specifcations and requirements can be
fulflled if required.
The ultimate bearing capacity for a pile shall be calculated vide
empirical dynamic pile formula or by a static formula and
conclusively determinedby test loading.
APPLICATION
Civil Engineering and building structures on land or immediate
inshore locations intended for use as permanent structures.
CONCRETE MATERIAL
AGGREGATE
Coarse aggregates shall comply with MS 29. The nominal
maximum size shall not exceed 20mm.
ADMIXTURES
Admixtures when used shall comply with MS 922. Calcium
choride or admixture based on calcium choride shall not be
used.
CONCRETE
The fully compacted concrete shall have a minimum cement
content of 350 kg/cu.m for normal and easy driving conditions
and the characteristic strength of concrete shall be 45
N/sq.mm. However for hard and very hard driving condition
and in marine works a minimumcement content of 400Kg/cu.m
is recommended to be used.
REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcing steel shall comply to MS 146 for main longitudinal
bar and MS 144 for the lateral links.
MANUFACTURE
Steel forms are employed to manufacture the piles in a
factory-controlled environment. After the concrete has
been placed, vibrated by internal vibrators and cured the
products are stripped from the stationery steel forms and
the production cycle is then repeated.
TABLE 1
ACP BRAND`STANDARD PRECAST REINFORCEDCONCRETE SQUARE PILES - GRADE OF CONCRETE 45MPa
PILE NOMINAL DIMENSIONS AND REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
Nominal
size
(mmxmm)
Main Longitudinal
Reinforcement
No. Dia.(mm)
Mild Steel
Wire Size
(mm)
Lateral Reinforcement (Links)
P
(mm)
S2
(mm)
Q
(mm)
S3
(mm)
R
(mm)
150x150
175x175
200x200
225x225
250x250
300x300
350x350
380x380
400x400
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
9
10
12
10
16
20
20
20
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
S1
(mm)
57
52
50
45
42
53
46
44
42
450
525
600
675
750
900
1050
1145
1200
450
525
600
675
750
900
1050
1145
1200
57-72
52-85
50-100
45-112.5
42-125
53-145
46-145
44-125
42-125
72
85
100
112.5
125
125
125
145
145
4200
3900
6600
6300
9000
8400
7800
7420
7200
Note 1 :
R - refer to recommended maximumlength at middle transition section of pile.
MildSteel joint plateshall beinaccordancewithTable2for dierent applicationas approciate, other details remainunchanged
as inTable 1.
TABLE 2 TABLE 3
Note 2:
* MaximumAxial Working Load is in accordance with BS 8004/CP 116.
** Ultimate Axial Load
2
is in accordance with BS 8110.
Formula to determine maximum axial load working load*
Reference
Where
Formula to determine ultimate axial load**
Reference
Where
Note : Specifcation and details shown in brochure subject to change without prior notice due to product development, changing customer and industry requirements.
MILD STEEL JOINT PLATE THICKNESS (mm)
ACP BRAND `STANDARD
(mm)
ACP BRAND `MS 1314
(mm)
TYPE
Nominal Size
(mmxmm)
150x150
175x175
200x200
225x225
250x250
300x300
350x350
380x380
400x400
4.5
4.5
5
6
6
8
8
9
9
6
6
9
9
9
9
12
12
12
Nominal
Size
(mmxmm)
150x150
175x175
200x200
225x225
250x250
300x300
350x350
380x380
400x400
PILE STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
Longitudinal
Reinforcement Area
(mm2)
201
254
314
452
628
804
1256
1256
1256
Maximum
Axial Working Load*
(Tonnes)
31
42
55
71
88
125
173
200
219
Ulitimate
Axial Load**
(Tonnes)
47
64
83
107
134
190
264
303
331
1. BS 8004 : 1986 Clause 7.4.2.3.2
2. CP 116, Clause 321.b, equation 17 & table 8
Po = Pcc Ac + PscAsc
Po = Permissible axial load as a short column
Pcc = Permissible stress for the concrete in direct
compression (0.27fcu)
Ac = Cross sectional area of concrete excluding
accessories and reinforcing steel
Psc = Permissible compressive stress for longitudinal
steel (0.55fy and > 175 N/mm2)
Asc = Cross sectional area of the longitudinal steel.
fy = Guaranteed yield or proof stress.
1. BS 8004 : 1986 Clause 7.4.2.3.2
2. BS 8110 : Pt 1 : 1985 clause 3.8.4, equation 38
N = 0.4fcuAc + 0.75fyAsc
N = Ultimate Axial load
fcu = Characteristic strength of concrete at 28 days.
Ac = Cross sectional area of concrete excluding
accessories and reinforing steel.
fy = Characteristic yieldstrengthof longitudinal steel
Asc = Cross sectional area of the longitudinal steel.
SURFACE FINISH
Small blemishes caused by entrapped air or water may be
expected but the surface shall be free from voids, honey
combing or other large blemishes.
MARKING
Each unit shall be clearly indentifed and position for lifting as
in use shall be indicated by lifting hooks.
DIMENSION
The maximum permissible derivations from the manufacturing
meandimensionshall not exceedBS 8110:Pt 1:1985requirements.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
QualityAssuranceinthemanufactureof theproducts is provided
vide established MS ISO 9001 Quality Management System.
PILE DRIVING
Pile can be installed commonly by hammering, pushing,
jacking, screwing, vibrating or other means to force them into
the ground so as to transmit loads to the soil or rock. These
piles can be easily extended by splicing additional length of
piling.
Pile preparation for testing shall generally involve all practical
steps to ensure that the hammer and pile are aligned to prevent
bending of the pile during the test blows, and that the hammer
strikes a fush sound surface perpendicular to the pile axis.
Test driving is recommended as it provides a clue to the strata,
load bearing capacity leading to valuable informations for
selection of the best pile driving plant and of the best pile type.
As to stresses induced during installation they may be obtained
from a wave equation analysis or directly measured during pile
driving, using dynamic pile testing equipment. As a rule of
thumb and from lessons of experience also from successful
applications the maximum calculated stress in piles during
driving shall not exceed 0.8fcu in compression and in tension
0.8sqrt(fcu) where fcu is the compressive strength of cube in
MPa at the time of driving.
Experience shows that even during properly executed driving
of reinforced concrete piles, hair line cracks cannot always be
avoided. They are unobjectionable as long as they do not
exceed a certain number and a certain crack width. Relevant
global industry standards permit cracks up to a width of
0.15mm which has proven, according to the present knowldge
to be harmless.
LIFTING AND STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS
Units shall be lifted at designated lifting points provided along
the pile and preferably by means of a spreader beam to avoid
and undue stresses. All units shall be stored on an unyielding
ground and stacked with timber.
JOINTS
In lengthening of piles the mild steel and plates are butt (blunt
point), jointed centerally and axially and subjected to feld full
penetration butt welding. Cast iron shoes are usually required
only when driven into rocks, coarse gravel and othersoils liable
to damage the concrete at the tip of the pile. (fg 1)