y

x
a
y


u
y

u
x

u
h
R
N
Rough floor
Smooth
wall
R
f
F
v

v
U
W
U
W
A B
T T
A pulls this way B pulls this way
L
W
L
W
A B
u
A
u
B

m
A

m
B

A B
v
A
v
B

m
A

m
B

A
B F
BA

F
AB

m
A

m
B

Head on Collision Collision made at a
glancing angle
Velocity
Time
u
0
v
F F
F
x
F2
0
x2
F
F
d
W
N
W
N
V / m s
-1

t/s
0
5
10
15
20
25
-5
-10
-15
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
a / m s
-2

-0.5
0
0.5
1.0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0
t/s
s / m
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
t/s
0
A
B
A
B
45
o


C
A B
30
o


1.0 m
support
F

Fcos
s
I
V
0
I
V
0
reverse-biased diode forward-biased diode
I
V
0
r
Vr
emf E
terminal pd V
Terminal pd/V
Current / A
y-intercept = emf of cell, E
gradient = internal resistance, r
E
R1 R2 R3
E
R1
R2
R3
E
R1
R2
R3
A B
C D
40
10
30
20
10.0 V
B C D
A
2.0 5.0 3.0
W
Y
X
Z
2.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
R2
R1
Vo
Vs
I
B small
B large
Direction
of B at P
P
Paralell field lines ->
B is constant, i.e. a
uniform field
B out of page B into page
Geomagnetic N
Geographical N
I
P
r
I
I
P
r
B
current
flowing out
of paper
current
flowing
into paper
B
I
N S
P
S
R
Q
X
Y
I1
I2
d
X
Y
I1
I2
d
B
v
+q
v
F
+q
P
Q
R
A B
l
C
b
D
a
X
Y
Displacement, y
Distance, x
Displacement, y
Time, t