Sathyartha Prakasham

The Light of Truth
xhpUjY xV]mi dy]n x>xVti

xtY]Rzpk]sh
AYw: (Hmw) A, D, av Fo aqp hW
IqSn tp mb HmwIm c ]Zw Cuiz
cs Fm \mat[bfnepw hv, kthm
aambnpXmIpp. Cu \mat[bn
]ctaizcs At\Iw \ma Dsmp
p. Cu HmwImcns Ahbhamb AImcw
sImv hncmSv, An, hniz apXemb t]cpI
tfbpw; DImcw sImv lncWyK`, hmbp,
ssXP k XpS nb t]cp I sfbpw; aImcw
sImv Cuizc, BZnXy, {]m apX
emb t]cp I tfbpw kw{K ln p p. Cu
]d \masfmw
2
{]IcWf\pkcnv
kthizcs\sbmWv IpdnbvpsXv
thZw apXemb kXyimkv{Xfn kv]jvS
ambn hymJym\nnpv.
tNmZyw: hncmSv apXemb ]Z kthiz
c \n \nv `n f mb ap ]ZmY sf
FpsImv Ipdnbv pn? {_mWv Uw,
]rYn hymZn] `q X , C{mZntZh X I
Fnhtbbpw, sshZyimkv{Xn Npv
3
apXemb acppItfbpw Cu ]Z Ipdnbv p
nt?
Dcw: Dv. Fm Ah kthizctbpw
\mafmWv.
4
tNmZyw: Fm ap]d ]Zfm tZh
msc am{Xw {Klnppthm Ctbm?
Dcw: tZhmsc AYw am{Xw {Kln
phm \nv FSnm\amWpXv?
tNmZyw: Fm tZhmcpw {]kncpw Da
mcpamWv. AXpsImv Ahsc am{Xta Rm
{Klnppq.
Dcw: kth iz c A{] kn \mtWm?
kth iz c t\ m t{ijv T \mb Bcm \p ap
tm? Csn ]ns, Cu t]cpI kth
izc\pw IqSnbpsp \n AwKoIcnm
sXv? kthizc A{]kn\spw
1. ssXcob BcWyIw7.1
2. "Hmw' apXemb \masfmw FYw
3. "hniz' kwbpsS kv{XoenwK cq]amb "hnizm'
BbpthZ \nLpfn Npns ]cymb ]ZamWv
4. hncmSv apXemb ]ZfmWv hnh, {_mWvUw
apXembhb.
1
Hmw kapmkw
Hmw knZm\tizcmb \tam \ax
kXymY{]Imiw
Cuizc\mafpsS hymJym\w
Hmw itm an{Xx iw hcpWx itm `hXzcyam.
ifCt{m _rlkv]Xnx itm hnjvWpcpcp{Iax.
\tam {_tW \akvtX hmtbm Xztah {]Xyw {_mkn.
Xzmtah {]Xyw {_ hZnjyman EXw hZnjyman kXyw hZnjyman.
XamahXp XZzmcahXp. AhXp amahXp hmcav.
Hmw imnmnmnx
1
2
kXymY{]Imiw Cuizc\mafpsS hymJym\w
Atln\v Xpey\mbnpt]mepw asmcm
Cspw hcp tm At l t m
t{ijv T \mbn Hcp h Dm Ip sX s\?
AXn\m \nfpsS Cu hmv kXyasp
am{Xa, \n ]dXn At\Iw tZmj
DmIphm\pw CSbpv. ""D]nXw ]cn
Xy Pym \p ] nXw bmNX CXn _m[n X
\ymbx'' FmWv imkv {X h N \w. Hcp h
asmcph\p `W]ZmYsfmw hnfn
hv Dm Wn p tm Abm
AsXmw Dt]nv thsd hXpw `nm
Inptam F t\z jn p sImv Ap anpw
Ae p \ S p ]w Abmsf Bcpw
_pnam \mbn AwKo I cn p I bn . Fs
m, A h D] n X skao ] ap h
kv Xp hn s\ D t] nv A\p ] n X s
In Inm ]ZmYskmZnphm
{]bXv\npIbmWp sNpXv. Acm
cs {]hrnt]mseXs \nfpsS hmpw
_pn iq \y am bn p Xm Wv . Fs m
\n hncmSv apX emb ]Z p {]kn
fpw {]amWknfpamb AYsf
AXm b Xv , kth iz c, {_mWv Uw apX
emb D]nXmYsf ]cnXyPnv, Akw
`mhyfpw, A\p]nXfpamb tZhmZnIsf
{Klnphm {ianpIbmWtm sNpXv.
As\ sNpXn\p {]amWhpw bpnbp
an , ]Z fpsS AYw k`m \p k cWw
{KlnWw. k`n\p tbmPnncnp
AYw GtXm AXmWv kzoImcyw.
Hcph Xs `rXyt\mSv, ""tl `rXy
Xzw sskham\b''Fp ]dbpp. ""FtSm
`rXym! \o sskhw sImphcnI'' FmWv
AXns AYw. As\ ]dbptm B
`rXy AXp ]d Ahkcsn, AXm
bXv k`sn BtemNnp t\mt
Xm h iy am Wv . ssk h n\p IpXn c, Dv
Fp cYapv. bPam\ bm{X ]pds
Sp kabamsWn IpXncsb sImphcn
Ibpw `WkabamsWn Dv sImph
cnIbpamWv thXv. bm{Xmcw`n Dpw
`Wkabv IpXnctbbpw sImphp
sImSpp `rXyt\mSv bPam\ tIm]nv
C{]Imcw ]dbpw ""FSm, \o _pnbnm
h\mWv. bm{X]pdsSptm Dpw, `Ww
Ignptm IpXnctbbpw sImphp X
n sp {]tbm P\w? \n\v Ah k c
m\w C. Asn \o GXp kabv
Fp sImphcWtam AXpXs sImp
hcpambncpp. k`taXmsWp \o Nnn
n. \o aqV\mWv. Fs ASp \np
s]mbv sm p I.'' FhnsS GXv AYs
{KlnpXmtWm DNnXw, AhnsS B AYw
Xs {KlnWw. \msamw C{]Imcw Xs
bmWp hnNm cn t Xp sav CXn\np
knnpp.
a{ns AYw
1. Hmw Jw {_. (bPpcvthZw40.17)
t\mpI thZfn Cu amXncnbp
{]IcWfn "Hmw' apXemb i_vZ
kthizcs t]cpIfmbnmWv
{]tbmKnnpXv.
2. HmantXyXZcapZvKoYap]mkoX.
(OmtmtKym]\n jXv 1.1)
3. HmantXyXZcanZw kcvhw. Xtkym]
hymJym\w (amWvUqtIym]\njXv1.1)
4. kcvth thZm bXv]Zama\n X]mwkn
kcvhmWn N bZzZn bZntm
{_Ncyw Ncn Xt ]Zav
kw{KtlW {_hotaymantXyXX.v
(ItTm]\njXv hn 2.15)
5. {]imknXmcw kcvthjmaWobmav
katWmc]n. cpIvam`w kz]v\[oKayav
hnZymw ]pcpjw ]cav (a\pkvarXn12.122)
6. GXanw hZtytI a\pat\y
{]Pm]Xnw. C{tatI ]tc {]mWa]tc
{_ imizXav (a\pkvarXn12.123)
7. k {_m k hnjvWpx
k cp{Z inhtmfc ]cax kzcmSv.
k C{ Imemn N{amx
5
8. C{w an{Xw hcpWanamlpctYm
Znhy k kp]cvtWm Kcpm.
GIw kZzn{]m _lp[m hZynw
baw amXcnizm\amlpx. (EtKzZw1.164.46)
9. `qckn `qanckyZnXnckn
hniz[mbm hnizky `ph\ky [cv{Xo
]rYnhnw b ]rYnhow ZrMvl
]rYnhow am lnMvkox. (bPpcvthZw13.18)
5 ssIhteym]\njXv (1.8)
3
kXymY{]Imiw Hmw kapmkw
10. Ct{m am tcmZko ]{]Yh C{x
kqcyatcmNbXv. Ct{ l hnizm
`ph\m\n tbanc Ct{ kzm\mk Chx.
(kmathZw6.8.2.)
11. {]mWmb \tam bky kcvhanZw hti.
tbm `qXx kcvhtkyiztcm bkvanv
kcvhw {]XnjvTnXav (AYcvhthZw11.4.1)
AYw: Cu {]amWsfmw ChnsS FSp
sgpXpXns Xmev]cyw, CuamXncnbp
hN\fn, hXp t]mse, HmwImcw apX
em b ]Z v ]c am Xv amhv FY am
sWp ImWnpI am{XamIpp. \n\m
cmbnphv "[\]Xn" apXemb t]cpI
CSmdpv. Ah tIhew \ncYIfmWtm.
AXp t]mse \ncYIamb t]cpI Cuizc
\n . Cuiz cs t]cp Iv Nne bn Sv
sKuWnIhpw ap Nne bn Sp Iman Ihpw
thsd NnebnSp kzm`mhnIhpamb
6
AY
fmWpXv.
1. (Hmw Jw)"Hmw' "Jw' Fp XpSnb DZm
lcWfn HmmcmZn kwIv AY
apv. ""AhXotXymav. BImianh hym]I
XzmXv Jw. kcvtht`ym _rlXzmZv {_.''.
cnbvpXpsImv Hmw Fpw BImiw
t]mse khhym]nbm bXp sImv "Jw'
Fpw, as n t\ mfpw hep Xm I bm
"{_' sapw kthizc\p t]cpI Dm
bn.
2. (HmantXy) "Hmw' bmsXmns \mat[
b amtWm bmsXmv Hcn epw \in p n
tbm AXns\bmWv D]mkntXv; asm
n s\ b .
3. (HmantXyX) "Hmw' ]cammhns Fm
\mafnepw shv Ghpw {][m\hpw \nPhp
amb \maamsWp kIethZmZnimkv{X
fnepw ]dbsnpv . ap t]cpIsfmw
sKuWnIfmWv.
4. (kcvhthZmx ) kIe thZfpw, [am
\p jv Tm \ cq ] fmb X] p Ifpw bmsXm
ns\ {]iw kn bv p Ibpw BZ cn p Ibpw
sNp pthm, bmsXmns\ {]m]n bv p hm
\p C sImp a\p jy {_ N cym {i
as A\pjvTnppthm AXns t]cv Hmw
FmIpp.
5. ({] im kn Xm c av ) Fm hpw in
\Iph\pw, kqvafn shp kqva
Xa\pw, kzbw {]Imikzcq]\pw, kam[n
amb _pnsImv Adnbphm tbmKy\pam
bnp Ah ]ca]pcpj\msWdnbWw.
6. (GXanav) {]Imikzcq]\mbXpsImv
An Fpw, hnm\kzcq]\mbXpsImv
a\p Fpw, Fmhtcbpw ]menpXpsIm
v {]Pm]Xn Fpw, ]cssaizcyimenbmI
bm C{ Fpw, Fmnsbpw \ne\n
ev]n\v aqeImcWamIbm {]mW Fpw,
\nc c
7
hym ] I am bn cn p XpsImv
{_w Fpw Cuizc\p t]cp hp.
7. (k{_m k hnjvWpx) temIw apgph\pw
krjvSnXp ImcWw {_mhv
8
Fpw, Fm
bnSpw hym]nncnpXpsImv hnjvWp
Fpw, ZpjvSmsc innp hne]nnpXp
sImv cp{Z Fpw, kzbw awKfkzcq]\pw
ap hv awK f {] Z \p am I bm inh
Fpw, B kthizc\v t]cpI hp.
1 bx kcvhaiv\ptX \ cXn \ hn\iyXn
XZcw
2 bx kzbw cmPtX k kzcmSv.
3 tbmfncnh Imex IebnXm {]fbIm
k Imemncoizc:
Acx F ]Z n\v kh hym
]nbpw \mi c ln X \pam bn p h FY
amWv. kzbw {]Imikzcq]ambXpsImmWv
kzcmSv F t]cp hXv. {]fbImen
kakvXhkvXpfpsSbpw Ime\pw, Imes
Ime\pambXpsImpw Cuizcs\ Imemn
Fp hnfnpp.
8. (C{w an{Xav ) bmsXmv, AZznXobhpw,
kXy{_hpamb hkvXphmIppthm, AXn\v
C{ apXemb t]cpIfpv. "Zypjp iptjp
]Zmcv tYjp `hm Znhyx' {]Ir XymZn Znhy
6. KuWnIw KpWs Bkv ] Z am n bp Xpw,
ImanIw Ias Bkv ]ZamnbpXpw, kzm`mhnIw
kz`mhs ASnm\sSpnbpXpamWv. Cu
A[ymbnse 100 t]cpIfpw Chbntemtcmns\ Ipdn
pp.
7. \nccw = AcanmsX, AIhpw ]pdhpw kh{X
hym]IsaYw AXmbXv Fmnepw hepXv F
"_rlhryu' ([mXp]mTw1.488) F [mXphn \nv
Cu {_kw knnpp.
8. Cu {_kw "_rlq DZyat\' ([mXp]mTw6.59)
F [mXphn \nv knnpp.
4
]ZmY fn semw hym]n n cn p h
Znhy. "tim` \m\n ]cv Wm\n ]me \m \n,
]qcvWm\n IcvamWn hm bky k (kp]cvWx)'
Da ]me\mZnIa ]qWambncnp
h kp]W. tbm Kpcv hmm k Kcpm.
GsXmns Bmhv AYhm kzcq]w, al
mtWm AXv Kcp m. "tbm amXcnizm
hmbpcnh _ehm k amXcnizm' hmbphn
s\tmse Afh _eaph\mbn hn
pXn\m "amXcnizm' Fp ]dbsSp
p. Cs\ Ah b hmYw t\mp tm
Znhy. kp]W, Kcp m, amX cnizm
Fnhsbmw Cuizcs \mafmsWp
shfnhmIpp. kthizcs ap \mafpsS
AYw ]noSv hnhcnpXmWv.
9. (`qanckn) ""`hn `qXm\n bkymw km
`qanx''

9
kh N cm N c fpw Cuiz c \n
hnpXpsImv Cuizc\v `qan F
t]cpapv. Cu thZhmIynep ap \ma
fpsS AYw ]noSv FgpXmw.
10. (Ct{m am) Cu a{nep "C{'
kw Cuiz cs\ Ipdn p Xp sImv
ChnsS {]amWambn FSpsgpXnbXmWv.
11. ({]mWmb) icocnep kIemhb
h fpw C{n b fpw Fs\ {]mWs
A[o \ n em bn cn p pthm AXp t]mse
temIw apgph\pw Cuizcs A[o\nemWv
Ccn p Xv . AXn \m Cuiz c\p {]mW
F t]cp hp.
C s\ bp {]am W fpsS icn bmb
AYw a\ n em p tXm Sp IqSn Cu \ma
Cuizcs ]cymbfmsWp shfnhm
Ipp. Fsm HmwImcnsbpw AKv\n
apXemb \mafpsSbpw apJymYw "Cuiz
c' FpXsbmWv. Ejnap\nam cNnn
p hymIcWw, \ncpw, {_mWw, kq{X
apXemb hymJym\fn Cuizcs\
apJymYamWv {Klnp ImWpXv. AXpXs
bmWv \sfmhcpw {KlntXv. Fm
HmwImcw ]ctaizc\p am{Xap \mat[bam
Wv. An apXemb \mafn \nv Cuizc
s\p {KlnpXp {]IcWsbpw hnti
j sfbpw A\p k cn m Wv . CXn \np
knnpXv, GtXXp m\fn kvXpXn,
{]mY\, D]mk\ apXemb {]IcWfpw,
kh, khhym]n, ip, k\mX
\, krjvSnImhv apXemb hntijW
fpw D]tbmKnnptm AhnsSsbmw Cu
\ma Cuiz c hm Nn bm sW t{ X.
Fm:
XtXm hncmUPmbX hncmtPm A[n ]qcpjx
(bPpcvthZw 31.5)
t{im{XmZzmbp {]mW apJmZncPmbX
(bPpcvthZw 31.12)
tX\ tZhm AbP (bPpcvthZw 31.9)
]mZv`qanatYm ]pcx (bPpcvthZw 31.5)
XkvamZzm GXkvamZm\ BImix kw`qXx
BImimZzmbpx. hmtbmcnx. Atcm]x.
AZv`yx ]rYnho. ]rYnhym Hmj[bx. Hmj
[nt`ymfw. Amt{ZXx tcXkx ]pcpjx
10
.
k hm Gj ]pcptjmfckabx
(ssXncotbm]\njZzN\w)
11
Ccw {]amWfn hncmSv, ]pcpj,
tZh, BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew, `qan
CXymZn ]Z euInI]ZmYsfpdnp
p. Fsm GtXXp efn Dev]
n, nXn, {]fbw, Aev], PUw,
Zriyw Fp XpSnb hntijW {]tbm
Kn n ptm Ahn sS sbpw Cuiz c s\
AYw {KlncpXv . Cuizc Dev ]ymZn
hyh lm c Xo X \m Wv . Chn sS d
a{ fn Dev ] ym Zn I ]d n cn p
Xn\m ChnsS hncmSv apXemb ]Zfn
\nv euInI]ZmYsf am{Xw {KlnWw.
Cuizcs\YsaSpcpXv. kh apX
emb hntij ImWpnSv ]camm
hnt\bpw CmtZzj , kpJ Zpx J
Aev]Xzw apXemb hntijW ImWp
9. `qan i_vZw òamZn KWn DXmWv. òamZtbm
f]mZmt\ (3.4.74) F AjvSm[ymbo \nba{]Imcw A]m
Zm\n {]Xybw hcWw. {KImcs DWmZntImi
n 4.46 mw hrn "`hn ]ZmcvYmAkymanXn `qanx'
Fv hypev]n \Ipp. AXn\m ChnsS _lpe
{KlW kmaYym A[nIcWnepw hypev]n
t_m[nWw
10 ssXcob BcWyIw ssXcob D]\njXvv Fn
hbn {]mtbW Hmj[ot`ymfav, AmXv ]pcpj F
]mTamWv ImWpXv. ChnsS \nZnamb ]mTw ssX
cob BcWyIw 8.2 s ]mTmcn D]e_v[amWv.
B\m{iaw ]q\m FUnj\nepw aWn{]`mbp GIm
Ztim]\njnepw CtX ]mTamWv.
11. {_m\hn .1
5
tm Pohmmhnt\bpw {KlnWsaXv
kmh{XnI \nbaamWv. ]ctaizc\p P\\ac
W Hcnepw kw`hnpn. AXn\m
hncmSmZn \mafmepw PmZn hntijW
fmepw PKnse PUhpw PohmZn]ZmYfpw
Fv {KlnWw. Cuizcs\ AYw kzoI
cncpXv.
hncmSmZn \mafm F{]Imcw Cuizc
s\ AYw {Klnphm Ignbppshv
Adnbphm XmsgsmSpp {]amW
t\mpI.
"Hmw' s hnkvXrX hymJym\w
"A'
hncmSv : "hn' F D] kK tm Sp Iq Snb
cmPr, Zo]v Xu
12
F [mXp hn Izn]v
{]Xybw tNp tm hncmSv F cq]w
knnpp. "tbm hnhn[w \ma NcmfNcw
PKZvcmPbXn {]ImibXn k hncmSv' hnhn[
NcmNckzcq]amb hnizs Xs tXPp
sImv {]Iminnph\mtcm Ah hncmSvv.
AXv Cuizc am{XamIbm hncmSv F ]Zw
Cuizcs\ Ipdnpp.
An: ""Ap, KXn]qP\tbmx''
13
(AKv
AKn CWv KXycvYI)
14
Cu [mXp KXnsb
kqNnnpp. AnbpsS hyp]n Ch
bn \nv kw` hn p p. KtX kv {Xtbmf
cvYmx KXn F ]Zn\v m\w, Ka\w,
{]m]v Xn, Fp aqY ap v . ]qP \ n\v
kXvmcw FYamWv. tbmf Xn ANy
tXfAK XyMv KtXyXn (hm) tkmfb anx''
bmsXmv m\kzcq]\pw, kh\pw,
Adnbphmt\m, {]m]nphmt\m, kcnp
hmt\m tbmKy\pamtWm Ah AnbmIp
p. A{]Imcaph ]ctaizc\mWv. AXn
\m An F ]Zw Cuizcs t]cmWv.
hniz: "hni, {]thit\'
15
F [mXp
hn \nm Wv . hniz i_v Zw Dm Ip Xv .
hnin {]hnjvSm\n kcvhmWymImimZo\n
`qXm\n bkv an. tbm hmffIm im Znjp
kcv thjp `qtXjp {]hnjv Sx k hniz
Cuizcx BImiw XpSnb kIe `qXfpw
bmsXm cp h \n {]th inp nXn sNp
pthm AYhm Ch I fn semw {]th inv
Fpw \ndp hn p pthm Ah
hniz. AXv Cuizc\mIbm hnizi_vZw
CuizchmNnbmbn.
hncmSv, An, hniz Fo \masf
mw HmwImcnse AImcam{Xbn \nv
{KlntXmWv.
"D'
lncWyK`: ""tPymXnssh lncWyw
16
tXtPm ssh lncWyw
17
CssXyXtcbiX
]Y{_mtW.
18
tbm lncWym\mw kqcym
Zo\mw tXPkmw Kcv` Dev]n \nana[n
I cWw k lnc Wy Kcv `x'' tXP kzn I fmb
kqcymZntemI bmsXm n \nv DZv `
hn p Ibpw bmsXm ns\ B{i bnv \ne
\np Ibpw sNp pthm AXv lnc Wy
K`. AYhm tXPkzcq]fmb kqcymZn
]ZmYfpsS Dev]nm\hpw CcnnShp
ambn hn p Xv lnc Wy K`. AXv
Cuizc\msX amcpa. AXn\m lncWy
K` F \maw CuizctXmWv. CXn\v
{]amWambn bPpthZa{w t\mpI: lnc
WyKcv`x kahcvXmt{K `qXky PmXx ]Xn
tcI BkoXv . k Zm [mc ]rYnhow Zymap
tXamw Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a. (b
Pp. 13.4) Ccw k`fn lncWyK`
]Zw CuizchmNnbmWv.
hmbp: ""hm, KXn K \tbmx''
19
F
[mXphn \nv 'hmbp' knnpp. K\av
lnwk\av
20
K\w F ]Zn\v lnwk\w
FYamWv. "tbm hmXn NcmfNcw PK
cXn (PohbXn {]ebn) _en\mw _enjvTx
k hmbpx' NcmNcmIamb `ph\s [cn
12 [mXp]mTw1.569
13 [mXp]mTw1.115
14 AK,AKn, C[mXp]mTw1.538,1.88, 2.38
15 [mXp]mTw6.133
16 iX]Y{_mWw 6.7.1.2 tPymXncv ssh ip{Iw
lncWyav. sFXtcb{_mWw 7.12
17 ssXcob {_mWw 8.1.9.1
18 sFXtcbw N iX]Yw N = sFXtcbiX]Yav,
sFXtcbiX]Yw N XZv {_mWav N sFXtcbiX
]Y{_mWw Xkvan Fp kamknWw.
19 [mXp]mTw 2.43
20 _kvXK AcvZt\ [mXp]mTw10. 152
AcvZ lnwkmbmav [mXp]mTw 10. 255
K\w acvZ\w CXnocXcMvKnWymw IzmNnXv Ix
[mXp]mThymJym\w (cmw em I]q {Sv) t]Pv178
6
pIbpw kwlcnpIbpw sNp, _ehm
m cn _en jv T \mb B kt hiz c \mWv
hmbp.
ssXPk:""XnP, \nimt\''
21
F [mXp
hn \nv tXPx knnpp. tXPi_vZn
Hcp Xn X {] Xybw
22
Iqn tm
ssXPki_vZw DmIpw. kzbw {]Imikz
cq]\pw kqcymZntemIsf {]Iminnp
h \p am I bm Cuiz cs t]cv ssXP k
FmWv.
lncWyK`, hmbp, ssXPk Fo
\ma HmwImcnse DImcam{Xbn \np
{Klnpp.
"av '
Cuizc: ""Cui, sFiztcy''
23
F
[mXphn \nmWv Cuizci_vZknn. "b'
Cjv tS kcv sshiz cy hm hcv X tX k
Cuizcx kXyhnNmcioew, m\w apXemb
AkwJyw sFizcyfp kmm ]cam
mhns\bmWv Cuizcs\p hnfnpXv.
BZnXy; ""tZm, AhJWvUt\''
24
F
[mXp hn \nv (\Rv Ahyb D] ] Z am I
bmD ] ]Zw apn ep ]Zw ) AZn Xn
i_v Zs hypev ]m Zn nv B AZn Xn bn
XnX{]Xybw tNm BZn Xy i_v Zw
e`n pw.
25
""\ hnZytX hn\mtimf bky
tkmbaZnXnx. AZnXntch BZnXyx'' Hcp Im
epw \mianm kthizcs\bmWv BZn
Xy F \mam {KlntXv.
{]m: "{]' F D]kKtmSp
IqSnb ""m, Aht_m[t\
26
'' F [mXp
hn \nv {]i_vZw DmIpp. {]
i_v Zn XnX{]Xy bw
27
tNm
{]m]Zw DmIpw bx {]IrjvSXbm Ncm
fN cky PKtXm hyh lmcw Pm\mXn k
{]x. {] Gh {]mx. kqW {à
clnXamb bYmYm\tmSpIqSnbXpw
kIeNcmNcfpsSbpw hyhlmcsf icn
bmbn AdnbpXpw kh\pamb Cuiz
cs \mat[bamWv {]m F ]Zw.
Cuiz c, BZn Xy, {]m Fo
\ma HmwImcnse aImcn \np
{KlnhbmWv. HmwImcne`hn aqp
am{XIfn Hmtcmnsebpw aqv AYw hoXw
ChnsS hymJym\np. CXpt]mse thsdbpw
At\I\ma HmwImcn A`hnn
pv
an{X apXembhbpsS hymJym\w
""iwt\m an{Xx'' Fp XpSp a{n
ImWp an{X apX emb ]Z fpw Cuiz
cs\pdnp t]cpI Xs. Fsm
kvXpXn, {]mY\, D]mk\ Fnhbvl
t{ijv T \m b h am{X am Wv . KpWw, Iaw,
kz`mhw, kXyhyhlmcw Fnhbn Fm
hscmfpw HuXyw Dh\t{X t{ijvT.
t{ijvTmcnshv t{ijvT Cuizc\mWv,
amcpa. Cuizc\v Xpey apv Dmbnn,
Ctm C. C\n DmhpIbpan. Atm
Cuizct\m DX\mb asmcph F
s\bpmIm\mWv? kXyw, \ymbw, Zb, kh
Iakm aYyw, kh Xz w apX emb
AkwJyw KpW Cuizc\pXpt]mse
GsX nepw PU ] ZmY nt\m Pohm m
hnt\m C. kXyambXns KpWIakz`mh
fpw kXyambncnpw. AXn\m a\pjysc
mhcpw kthizcs\bmWv {]mYnpIbpw,
kvXpXnpIbpw D]mknpIbpw sNtXv.
asmnt\bpa. {_mhv, hnjvWp, inh
Fp t]tcmSpIqSnb ]ucmWnIhnZzmmcpw,
ssZXym, Zm\hm XpSnb \nIrjvSa
\pjycpw CXc km[mcWa\pjycpw ]qW
hnizmktmSp IqSn kvXpXnpIbpw {]mYn
p I bpw, D]m kn p Ibpw sNbv Xn cp Xv
19 [mXp]mTw1.698
22 {]m`n`y (AjvSm[ymbn5.4.38)
F kq{Xm {]mZnbpsS BIrXn
KWm kzmYn "AWv'{]Xybw.
23 [mXp]mTw2.10
24 [mXp]mTw4.39
25 ZnXyZnXymZnXy]Xypc ]ZmWyx (Ajv Sm[ymbn4.1.85)
F kq{X{]Imcw {]mKvZohyXobmYn "Wy'
{]Xybw hv BZnXyknn. kzmYn XnX
{]XybamWv aljoaXw. "NmXpcvhcvWymZo\mw
kzmY D]kwJym\av' F alm`mjyhmXnI
{]Imcw (alm`mjyw5.1.124) kzmYn "jyRv'
{]Xybw. NmXphWymZn BIrXnKWamWv.
26 [mXp]mTw9.40
27 {]mZn`y (AjvSm[ymbn5.4.38) F
kq{X{]Imcw kzmYn "A' {]Xybw
7
kthizcs\bmWv. asmnt\bpa. AXp
sImv As\ Xs sNp XmWv
\appw DNnXw. Cu hnjbsn tamtm
]mk\Isfn NsNptm khntij
ambn {]Xn]mZnmw.
an{X apXembh CuizchmNn
tNmZyw: an{XmZn \ma v kplr v ,
Fpw C{mZn tZhXIv \Snencnp
AYw Iv Ahsb A{]Imchpw {Klnt
Xt?
kam[m\w: ChnsS B AY kzoIcn
pXp icnb. Fsm temIn
Hcp hs kplr m bn cn p bm asm cp
hs i{Xp hmbpw thsdm cp hs i{Xpthm
an{Xtam AmsXbpw hn p p. AXn
\m an{Xm Zn \m a fpsS apJymYambn
kplrv apX em b hsb kzo I cn cp Xv .
IqSmsX F{]Imcw Cuizc \nbta\ temI
ns apgp h\pw kplr m bn cn p I bpw,
BcpsSbpw i{Xpthm ]]mXntbm BIm
XncnpIbpw sNppthm, A{]Imcw Bbn
cnphm Hcp Pohmmhn\pw IgnbpX.
AXn\m Cu {]IcWn an{XmZn \ma
fpsS apJymYambn {KlntXv Cuiz
cs\mWv. KuWmYn kplrspw
apw D AYhpw kzoImcyamWv.
an{X: ""RnanZm, kvt\lt\''
28
F
[mXp hn HuWm Zn I amb {{] Xy bw
29
tNp an{Xi_vZw DmIpp. ""taZyXn kv\n
lyXn kv \nlytX hm k an{Xx'' Fm h
scbpw kv t\ln p h As n Fm
hcpw {]kmZnnth\mbXpsImv Cuiz
c\v an{X Fp t]cmbn.
hcpW: ""hrRv , hctW; hc, Cu]vkm
bmw''
30
Fo [mXpfn DWmZn D\
31
{]Xybw tNnmWv hcpWi_vZapmIp
Xv. bx kcvhm injvSm apapq [cvam
t\m hrtWmXn; bx injvssScvapapp`n
[cvam`nx {hnbtX hcvtX hm k hcpWx
]ctaizcx'' BcmtWm tbmKnItfbpw hnZzm
mtcbpw apnbm{Klnphtcbpw ap
m tc bpw [a n \njv T bp h tcbpw
AwKoIcnpXv AYhm injvTmcpw apap
pfpw apmcpw [ammfpw Bsc
AwKo I cn p pthm B Cuiz c \t{X hcp
W. IqSmsX ""hcptWm\ma hcx t{ijvTx''
AXmbXv hcpW\v t{ijvT FYapv.
Cuiz c Fm h tc mfpw t{ijv T \m b Xp
sImv Atlns\ hcpWs\p hnfnm
hpXmWv.
Acyamx ""E, KXn{]m]Wtbmx''
32
F
[mXp hn bXv
33
{]Xybw Iqn tm
Acy i_vZw knnpw. Acy i_vZ]qhI
amb "amMv, amt\i_vtZ N'
34
F [mXp
hn I\n
35
{]Xybw tNm Acyam
F ]Zhpw hypev ]amIpw. tbmfcvbym
kzmant\m \ymbm[oim anaotX am\ym
ItcmXn tkmfcyam'' kXyhpw \ymbhpw A\p
jvTnp a\pjysc am\npIbpw ]pWy]m
] sNphv AXmXns ês
bYmXYambn \IpIbpw sNp Cuizcs
t] "Acya' FmIpp.
C{: ""CZn, ]cssaiztcy''
36
F [mXp
hn c
37
{]Xybw tNpXmbm C{
F ]Zw DmIpw. ""b CXn ]cssaizcy
hm `hXn k C{x ]c ta izcx'' kIe
sFiz cy tfmSpw IqSnb Cuiz cs t]
C{ FmWv.
_rlkv]Xn: _rlXv F ]Zw D]]Z
ambnp ""]m, ctW''
38
F [mXphn
UXn {]Xybw
39
tNv D]]Znse XIm
28 [mXp]mTw4.129
29 DWmZntImiw (4.165) AanNnanZniwkn`yx {x
kq{X{]Imcw "{x' {]tbmKstmse "anRv'
(kzmZn) [mXphn\pw hypev]n Impp.
30 hrRv, hctW. ([mXp]mTw5.8)
hc, Cu]vkmbmav. ([mXp]mTw10.280)
31 IrhrZmcn`y D\ (DWmZntImiw3.53) _lpe {KlW
m "hc' [mXphn\npw D\ {KmlyamWv.
32 [mXp]mTw1.670
33 Acyx kzmansshiytbmx (AjvSm[ymbn3.1.103)
FXn "kzman' FYn "bXv ' {]Xybmamb
\n]mXw sNbvXncnpp.
34 [mXp]mTw3.6
35 izp...Acya.... (DWmZntImiw1.159)
FXn I\n\v{]Xybm \n]mXw.
36 [mXp]mTw1.51
37 Et{P{m{K (DWmZntImiw2.28) F kq{Xn
"c\v' {]Xybmw \n]mXw.
38 [mXp]mTw2.49.
39 ]mtXUXnx (DWmZntImiw4.58)
8
cn\p tem]hpw kpSv F BKahpw
40
hcpnbm _rlkv]Xn F cq]w Inpw.
""tbm _lrXmw BImimZo\mw ]Xnx kzmao
]mebnXm k _rlkv]Xnx. henbhcn hen
bh\pw BImimZn {_mWvUsfsbmw
Impcnph\pamb Ah\mWv _rl
kv]Xn. AXv Cuizc\mIbm _rlkv]Xn
FXv PKZoizcs t]cmWv.
hnjvWp: ""hnjver, hym]vXu''
41
F
[mXp hn \p
42
F {]Xybw tNp I.
Fm hn jv Wp F cq ]w In p w.
""ththjvSn hym]vt\mXn NcmfNcw PKXv k
hnjvWpx'' mhcPwKa hkvXp sImp
krjvSnnp Cu temInsepw hym]
I\mb Cuizcs\ hnjvWp Fp hnfnpp.
Dcp{Ia: ""Dcpcvalm {Iax ]cm{Itam
bky k Dcp{Iax'' Afh ]cm{IaapXp
sImv Cuizc\v Dcp{Ia Fp t]cpm
bn.
a{mYw: (kapmkmcw`nse a{n Dcp
{Ia XpSnb ]ZfpsS D]tbmKw {inpI. ]cn`mj
I) (Dcp{Iax) henb ]cm{IatmSp IqSnb
h\pw (an {Xx) Fm h cp sSbpw kplrpw
Bpsamcp hntcm[hpw sNmh\pw (iw)
kpJ Zm b I\pw (h cp Wx) Fm h tc mfpw
t{ijvT\pw (iw) kpJkzcq]\pw (Acyam)
\mbm[n]Xnbpw (iw) awKf{]Z\pw (C{x)
kIesFizcytfmSpIqSnbh\pw (iw) kI
esFizcysfbpw Zm\w sNph\pw (_r
lkv]Xnx) Fmnsbpw A[njvTmXmhpw
hnZysb Zm\w sNph\pw (hnjvWpx) kh
hym ]n bp am bn cn p kth iz c (\x)
\app (iw) awKfs Zm\w sNph\mbn
(`hXp) `hns.
(hmtbm tX {_tW \tamfkvXp) ""_rl
_rlnhru
43
Fo [mXpfn \nmWv
{_
44
i_vZw DmIpXv. _rln hv
_rla\pw, Afh _eaph\pw kthm
] cn bmbn hnf p h\pw ]c {_ sap
hnJymX\pamb ]cammhns\ R \a
kv I cn p p. tl! kth izcm (Xz tah
{]Xyw {_mkn) AhnSpp XsbmWp
khmcymanbmbncpv {]Xy{_ambn
hnfpXv. (Xzmtah {]Xyw {_ hZn
jyman) Rm AsbsbmWv {]Xy
{_sap ]dbpXv. Fsm AhnSpv
Fpw \nd h \m bn cpv Fm hpw
Fpw {]m]y\mbn hnpp.
(EXw hZnjyman) \nncphSnbpsS thZ
fn ImWsSp A\pimk\sf Rm
Fmhpw D]tZinpIbpw kzbw A\p
jv Tn p Ibpw sNmw. (kXyw hZn jym an)
Rm kXys a\\w sNmw. kXyw ]d
bmw. A\pjvTm\nepw kXys cnmw.
(X m a h Xp) AXn \m Ahn Spv Fs
Impcnmepw. (XZzmcahXp) B]vX
\mbkXyw ]dbpFs Av cnm
epw. Fs _pn AhnSps BIsf
AN e X tbm Sp IqSn A\p k cn p I bpw
Ahbn \nv hyXn N en m Xn cn p Ibpw
sNp am dm I s. Fs m Ahn Sps
BI XsbmWv bYmYamb [aw.
AXn\v hncpambsXmw A[aamWv. (A
hXp ama hXp hm cw) cm a Xv
45
Bhnp ]dXv \nbs tZymXnn
m\mIpp. Hcph CXct\mSv, Xzw {Kmaw
K K Fp ]dbpp. ChnsS "K' F
{Inbm ]Zw cp X hW Bhn n p Xn
\m ""\o DS\Sn {Kmantep t]mIWw''
FYw Inpp. AXpt]mse Cu {]IcW
nepw ]p\cmh\ns AYw, Ahn
Spv Fs \nbambpw cnWw. Fs
a\v [an ZrVambn Ddp \npIbpw
A[as shdppIbpw sNhw
I\n\p{KlnWw. AXv hensbmcp D]
Imcambn Rm hnNmcnpw FmWv. (Hmw
imnx imnx imnx) B[ymnIw, B[n
40 XXv_rltXmivtNmc tZhXtbmx kpSv Xtem]
(KWkq{Xw6.1.151) ]mckvcmZnamb
KWkq{Xm.
41 [mXp]mTw 3.13
42 hntjx In (DWmZntImiw3.39)
43 [mXp]mTw1.488
44 _rwtlt\m (DWmZntImiw 4.147)
F kq{Xm _rln (_rwl) F [mXphn
\npmbXv. "_rl']n _lpe{KlW
m "Aav' BKasadnbWw.
45 A`ymtk `qbmwkacvYw a\yt (\ncpw10.42)
9
ùXnIw, B[nssZhnIw
46
Fns\ aqp
hn[nep ZpxJfmWv Cu temInep
Xv. AhnZy, cmKtZzj, òcpXzw apXemb
am\knI]oUIfpw, ]\n apXemb imcocnI
tcmKfpamWv B[ymnIZpxJ. i{Xp
fmb a\pjycn \npw, ]pen, ]mv, apX
emb Ppfn \npw DmIp ]oUI
fmWv B[n ù XnI ZpxJ . AXn hr jv Sn,
AXnssiXyw, AXypjvWw apXembhbm
a\kn\pw C{nbpw DfhmIp ZpxJ
fmWv B[nssZ hn I . Xm] {X b sa
Cu aqp hn[ ZpxJ fp sSbpw ia \ n
\mbnt{X a{n aqp {]mhiyw imn
HmXnbncnpXv. AhnSpp Rsf aqp
hn[ ZpxJfn \np cnv awKfIcamb
Iafn {]hnnWw. Fsm,
Av awK f kz cq ]nbpw kh tem I n\pw
awKf{]Z\pw, [manIcmb apappv awK
fs Zm\w sNp h \pam W tm. Av
ss\kKnIamb ImcpWym kIe Pohm
mfpsSbpw lrZbn hnfpp. B
hnfw \nanw kIe Pohm m fpw
A[as XyPnv [as A\p jv Tn p
Ibpw ZpxJsf AIn ]cam\s A\p`
hnpIbpw sNpamdmIs.
kqcy: ""kqcy Bm PKXkvXpj
''
47
F bPpthZhN\{]Imcw (PKXx)
tNX\fpw PwKafpamb PohPmefp
sSbpw (Xpjx) AtNX\fpw mhc
fpamb ]rYnhymZn PU]ZmYfpsSbpw
Acmmhmbn nXn sNbvXv kz{]Imiw
sImv Fmns\bpw {]Iminnv hnp
Xn\m kthizc\v kqcy F t]cv
e`np.
]cammhv: AX, kmXXyKat\
48
F
[mXphn \nv Bm F ]Zw DmIp
p. tbmfXXn hym]vt\mXn k Bm; Pohm
Znbmb PKn apgph\pw \nccw hym]I
ambncnpXv Bm. ]c
49
mkmhmm
N, b Btt`ym Poth`yx kqv ta`yx
]tcmfXn kqvax k ]camm'', khPo
hmZnItfm DIrjvS\pw, Pohmm
BImiw, {]IrXn Fnhtbm AXnkq
vahpw Fm PohmmfpsSbpw Acym
anbmb Bmhpw BIbm Cuizc\v ]cam
mhv F t]cp hp.
]ctaizc; Cuizc FXn\p kmaYy
hm Fm WYw. "" b Cuiz tcjp
kacvtYjp ]cax t{ijvTx k ]ctaizcx''
kaY cn shp t{ijv TFXn cn m
kmaYytmSp IqSnbh, Xpeyambn asm
panmh FmWp ]ctaizc F
]Zns AYw.
khnXm: ""jpRv , A`njth; jqMv , {]mWn
Kcv`hntamNt\''
50
Fo [mXpfn \np
khn Xm i_v Zw knn p p. ""A`n jhx
{]mWnKcv`hntamN\w tNmXv]mZ\w. bcm
Ncw PKXv kpt\mXn kqtX thmXv]mZbXn
k khnXm ]ctaizcx'' khtemIsbpw
Dev]mZnnpXpsImv Cuizc\v khnXm
Fp t]cmbn.
tZh: ""Znhp {IoUmhnPnKojmhyhlmc
ZypXnkvXpXntamZaZkz]v\ImnKXnjp''
51
F [mXphn \nv tZhi_vZw knnp
p. ({IoUm)
52
ip\mbncpv PKns\
{IoUnnpXpsImpw, (hnPnKojm) [man
Imsc Pbnnphm\p CsImpw, (hy
hlmc) Fm tNjvSIpw km[t\m]km
[\sf \IpXn\mepw, (ZypXn) kzbw
{]Imikzcq]\pw CXcv {]Imiw \Ip
h\mIbmepw, (kvXpXn) {]iwknphm
tbmKy\mbXpaqehpw, (tamZ) kzbw B\
kzcq]\pw aphv B\ZmXmhmbXp
sImpw (aZ) atZmsc Aa sNbvI
bm epw, (kz ]v \) Fm hpw Dd p hm
46 kXymY {]Imins HXmw kapmkns
Ahkm\n Cu ]ZfpsS hymJym\apv.
47 bPpcvthZw7.42
48 [mXp]mTw1.31 kmXn`ymw a\n\nWu
(DWmZntImiw4.153) F kq{Xm
Bmi_vZw knnpp
49 ]caw FYw hcp "]c' i_vZm
AY\ntZiw sNbvXncnpp.
"]camkmhmm ]camx' Fp hn{KlnWw.
50 [mXp]mTw5.1.,
[mXp]mTw2.24
51 [mXp]mTw4.1
52 ip\pw \nte]\pambncpv
PKns\ {IoUnnphs\v AYw.
10
cm{Xntbbpw {]fbtbpw krjvSnpXp
sImpw (Imn) {]m]nphm tbmKy\mI
bmepw (KXn) m\kzcq]\mbXpsImpw
Cuizc\v tZh F t]cp hp. AYhm,
""tbm ZohyXn {IoUXn k tZhx'', kzw kzcq
]n B\tmSpIqSn kzbw canpsImv
tahp, ]cklmbw CmsX Xs {IoU
bmbn kl P kz `m h m kIe P K n
t\bpw krjv Sn p , kI e {Io U Ipw
B{ib`qX\mbn nXnsNp kthizc
FYw. ""hnPnKojtX k tZhx'' Fmh
scbpw Pbnp, Bcmepw PbnsSphm
Ignbmh FYw. ""hyhlmcbXn k
tZhx''. \ymbhpw A\ym b hp amb {]hr n
Isf Adnbph\pw D]tZjvSmhpw Bbncn
ph. ""bcmNcw PKZvtZymXbXn k
tZhx'' NcmNcmIamb krjvSnsb {]Imin
nph. ""bx kvXqbsX k tZhx kIe
a\pjycmepw {]iwk\ob\pw, \nnsSp
hm A\l\pw. ""tbm tamZbXn k tZhx''
Hpw ZpxJw A\p`hnmsX kzbw B\kz
cq]\mbn CcppsImv A\ymv B\
s P\nnph. ""tbm amZyXn k tZhx''
kZm kpjvS\pw timIclnX\pw aphsc
ktmjnnv AhcpsS ZpxJsf AIn
fbph FYw. ""bx kzm]bXn k tZhx''
alm{]fbImen Pohmmsf Ahy
n Ddph bx ImabtX ImaytX
hm k tZhx'' BcpsS Imasfmw kXy
amtWm, As n bmsXm cp hs ASp
tep sNp tNcphm \hscmw B{K
lnppthm As\bph. ""tbm KXn
KaytX hm k tZhx'' khhym]nbpw Adn
bp hm tbmKy \p am b h. C{] Imcw ]te
AYtfmSpIqSnb tZhi_vZw Cuizcs
Hcp \maamWv.
Ipt_c: ""Ip_n, BmZt\'' F *[mXp
hn \nmWv Ipt_ci_vZw hypev]amIp
Xv. ""bx kcvhw Ipw_Xn kzhym]vXymm
ZbXn k Ipt_tcm PKZoizcx'' Xs hym]v Xn
sImv temInepff kIehkvXpsfbpw
Bm Z\w sNbv Xp sIm n cn p h. Cu
iz.
]rYnhn: ]rYp ""hnkvXmtc'' F [mXp
hn \nmWv ]rYnhn i_vZw DmIpXv.
""bx ]cvYXn kcvhw PKZvhnkvXrWmXn k
]rYnhn'' hnkvXrXamb Cu PKns\ hnkvX
cnph FYw
53
.
Pew: Pe, Lm Xt\
54
F [mXp
hn\np Pe i_v Zw knn p p. "PeXn
LmXbXn ZpjvSm. kLmXbXn Ahy
]camWzmZo XZv {_ Pew' ZpjvSmcpsS
LmXI\pw, Ahyw, ]camWp Fn
hsb Iqn tp Itbm thXn cn p Itbm
sNph\pamb B ]cammhn\v Pew Fp
t]cmIpp.
BImiw: Imir, Zo]vXu
55
F ZmXp
hn \nmWv BImii_vZw knnpXv.
bx kcv hXx kcv hw PKZv {]Im ibXn k
BImix \mep `mK p \npw temIs
{]Iminnpw sImv hnfph\t{X PK
Zoizc.
Aw: AZ, `tW
56
F [mXphn
\nmWv A i_v Zw Dm Ip Xv . AZy
tXfn N `qXm\n XkvamZw XZpNytX
57
Am Zx Al a a la a lw.Al
mtZmflamtZmflamZx
58
Am: Am N cmfN c {K l WmXv
59
*[mXp]mTw 1.290
53 "]rY' F [mXp [mXp]mTnen. k{kmcW
kwhn[m\{]Imcw A\phZnncnp [mXpfn
sshbmIcWm hcpp k{kmcW cq]m
cs kzX{[mXphmbpw KWnpp.
As\ {KImc, ChnsS "]rY' [mXphns\
kzX{ [mXphmbn KWnv \ntZinncnpp.
"]rY' [mXphns\ kzX{ {]IrXnbmbn
AwKoIcnm ]rYp, ]rYhn apXemb cq]fn
k{kmcWw Bhiyambn hcnIbn.
"{Kl' [mXphn k{kmcWhpw l Imcn\v
` ImcmtZihpw hcpn \nn "Kr`' sb
kzX{ [mXphmbn (Kcvt`m Krt`x) \ncp
Imc kzoIcnnpv. (\ncpw10.23)
[mXp]mTw10.22 "]rY, {]tt]' F [mXphpw
Dv. {]t]n\v ]cpIsbYhpaptm.
"A\nXy WnPmpcmbx' A\pkcnv "WnNv' s
A`mhn ]YXn F cq]apmIpp.
\ncpw 1.12, 13 epw {]Y\n\v hnkvXmcsaYw
kzoIcnnpv.
54 [mXp]mTw 1.575
55 [mXp]mTw 1.430
56 [mXp]mTw 2.1
57 ssXcntbm]\njXv 210
58 ssXcntbm]\njXv 210
59 thZmZi\w 1.2.9
11
""AmNcmfNc{KlWmXv'' FXp thZhym
khncNnXamb imcocIkq{XamIpp. GXn
khhpw {]XnjvTnXambncnppthm GXv
Fm h cmepw {Kln s Sp hm tbmKy
amtWm GsXmv NcmNccq]amb temIs
{Kln p pthm AXv FY amb Aw,
AmZx, Am F aqp i_v Z fpw
Cuiz cs \ma fm Wv . Chn sS aqp
{]mhiyw ]dnpXv
60
_lpam\n\v
thn bm Ip p. An g n P\n p
Iran I AXns Pohn n cn p Ibpw
AXn Xs Poh\mis {]m]npIbpw
sNp Xp t]m se bmWv temIw apgp h\pw
Cuizc\n Dev]nnXnebsf {]m]n
pXv.
hkpx ""hk, \nhmtk'' F *[mXphn
\nmWp hkp knn p Xv . ""hkn
`qXm\n bkv an; AY hm, bx kcv thjp
`qtXjp hkXn k hkp co izcx'' GXn
BImiw apXemb kIe `qXfpw nXn
sNppthm Asn bmsXmv kIe`q
Xfnepw IpSnsImppthm AXv hkp.
cp{Zx ""cpZnc,v A{iphntamNt\''
61
F
[mXphns "WnP'n \nmWp cp{Zi
_v Z kn n. ""tbmtcm Z bXy\ymb Im cntWm
P\m k cp{Zx'' ZpjvIa sNphsc
Icbnnph FYap cp{Z F
]Zw CuizchmNnbmWv.
b\km [ymbXn XZzmNm hZXn bZzmNm
hZXn XXv IcvaWm ItcmXn bXv IcvaWm
ItcmXn XZ`nkw]ZytX
62
bPpthZ {_mWnep Hcp a{am
Wn Xv . ""Poh a\ p sImp hnNm cn p
Xns\ hmpsImp ]dbpp. hmpsImp
]dbpXns\bmWv {]hrnsImp sNp
Xv. {]hrnsImp sNpXns\s
A\p ` hn p Ibpw sNp p.'' Pohm mhv
sNpXc n ep Ia \p k cnv
êhpw A\p`hnpp Fp Xmev]cyw. ]m]
Ia sNbvXnp Pohmm, \ymbm
[n]Xnbmb Cuizcs \nb{]Imcw ZpxJ
]qWê A\p`hnptm Icbpp.
Zpjvaw sNp Pohmmsf Cuizc
Icbnnppshp ]dbpXv C{]Imcam
Wv. AXn\m Icbnnph FYap
cp{Z F t]cv CuizchmNnbmIpp.
\mcmbW: Bt]m \mcm CXn t{]mm
Bt]m ssh \c kq\hx. Xm bZkymb\w
]qcv hw tX\ \mcm bWx kv arXx.(a \p
kvarXn1.10) Pew, Pohmmhv Fo AY
fmWv "\mcm'bvpXv. Ah BcpsS Ab
\w \nhmkm\ambncnppthm, AXn\m
kh Pohmmfnepw hym]nncnp ]c
ammhns \maw \mcmbW FmIpp.
N{: "NZn, BmtZ''
63
F [mXphn
\nv N{i_vZw DmIpp. ""bXn N
bXn hm k N{x'' kzbw B\kzcq]\pw
Fm hpw B\w Df hm p h \p am I
bm N{s\ t]cv Cuizcs ]cymbam
Wv.
awKf: ""aKn, KXycvYI''
64
F [mXp
hn awtK c e Nv
65
F kq{Xw sImv
tNm hp Ae Nv {]Xybw tNm
awKex FpInpw. ""tbm aMvKXn aMvKbXn
hm k awKex'' kzbw awKfkzcq]\pw kIe
PohnIpw awKfZmXmhpamIbm Cuiz
cs ]cymbamWv awKfx
_p[: _p[, AhKat\
66
F [mXp
hn \np _p[i_vZw DmIpp. ""tbm
_p[ytX t_m[bXn hm k _p[x'' kzbw
t_m[kzcq]\pw kIePohnIpw m\
Zm Xm hp am I bm Cuiz c\p _p[ Fp
t]cmbn. _rlkv]Xni_vZns AYw
67
app ]dnpv.
* [mXp]mTw1731
60 ssXcob D]\njn A, AmZ Fp
aqp XhW ]dnpsXYw
61 [mXp]mTw 2.60
62 hmPkt\b iX]Yn {]mNo\Imev 15
]mTfpmbncpp. iX]Ynse Cp e`yamb
]mTw C{]ImcamWv. ""k bYmImtam `hXn
XYm{IXpcv`hXn, bYm {InXcv`hXn XXvIcvaIpctX
XZ`n kw]ZytX (14.7.26) ImWz iX]Ynepw
CtX ]mTamWv. CXv XmcXay]T\alnpp.
63 [mXp]mTw1.56
64 [mXp]mTw1.88
65 [mXp]mTw5.75 (DWmZntImiw)
66 [mXp]mTw1.597
67 t]Pv 7 cmw ]mZw Ahkm\`mKw
12
ip{I: ""CuipNncv, ]qXo`mth'' F
[mXp hn \np ip{I Dm Ip p. ""bx
ipNyXn timNbXn hm k ip{Ix''. AXy
]hn{X AYhm BcpsS kwKm Poh\pw
]hn{XamIppthm AXv ip{I\mIpp.
iss\cx: iss\x F D]]ZtmSp
IqSnb ""Nc, KXn`Wtbmx''
68
F [mXp
hn\np iss\c]Zw DmIpp. "bx
iss\cXn k iss\cx'' BmtWm
klPamb ss[cyapXv, Ah FYap
iss\c i_vZw Cuizc\maamWv.
cmlp: cl Xym tK
69
F [mXp hn
\np cmlp i_vZw DmIpp. "tbm clXn
]cnXyPXn ZpjvSm, cmlbXn XymPbXn
hm k cmlpcoizcx' bmsXmcph GIm
kzcq]\pw, AYhm asmpw IqSnecm
cq]tmSp IqSnbh\pw ZpjvSsc kzbw XyPn
ph\pw A\yscsmp XyPnnph
\pambh FYn cmlp Cuizcs
\maamWv.
tIXpx ""InX, \nhmtkm tcmKm]\bt\
N''
70
F [mXphn \np tIXpi_vZw
DmIpp. ""bx tIXbXn NnInXn hm
k tIXpcoizcx'' kakvXPKn\pw Ccnn
Sw, apappp tamw \In AhcpsS
kmwkm cnItcmK sf sbmw Cm Xmn
Ahsc kpJ s Sp p h, tcmK
_m[nmh Fo AYfp tIXp
i_vZw Cuizc\maamWv.
bwx ""bPv, tZh]qPmkwKXoIcW
Zmt\jp''
71
FXmWv bi_vZns
[mXp. ""btm ssh hnjv Wp''
72
Fp
{_mWhN\w. tbm bPXn hnZzZv`ncnPytX
hm k bPvRx temInep kIe ]ZmY
sfbpw Iqntph Fpw {_mhp
XpSnbp kIe aljnamcmepw amap\n
P\fmepw hnZzmmcmepw {XnImefnepw
]qP\ob Fpw AYap bw kth
izc\maamIpp. Fsm AXv k{X
hym]I\mWv
73
.
tlmXmhv: ""lq Zm\mfZ\tbmx; BZmt\
tNtXytI''
74
F [mXphn\np tlmXm
i_v Zw Dm Ip p. ""tbm Pp tlmXn k
tlmXm'' sImSpphm tbmKyamb ]ZmY
sf Pohm m p sImSp p h
Fpw, kzoIcnphm sImmhp hkvXp
sf Ahcn \np kzoIcnph Fpw
AYap tlmXmhv Cuizcs ]cymb]Z
amWv.
_px _, _t\
75
F [mXp
hn\nv _p i_v Zw Dm Ip p. ""bx
kzkvan NcmNcw PKZv _[v\mXn; _ph
cvam\mw kpJmb klmtbm hm hcvXtX
k _px'' ]rYnhymZn kIetemIsfbpw
\nbasfsmv Xn _nncnp,
ktlmZcs\tmse temIsf cnp
AXm Xns ]cn [n Isf Dw Ln m \ \p h Zn
m, ktlmZc At\ym\yw klmbn
p Xp t]mse temI sf sbmw [cnv
cnv kpJs \Ip Cuizc\v _p
Fv t]cv kapNnXamWv.
]nXmhv; ""]m ctW''
76
F [mXphn
\np ]nXmhv F ]Zw knnpXmWv.
""bx ]mXnkcvhm k ]nXm'' ]nXmhv kzk
m\fpsS t\sc ZbtbmSpIqSn s]cpamdp
Ibpw Ah cpsS A`yp Z bs Imwn p
sImv {]hnpIbpw sNpXpt]mse
kIecptSbpw Da\s am{Xw Imwnp
h\mIbm ]nXmhv F t]cv PKZoizc\v
khYm kapNnXamWv.
]nXm a l: ""bx ]nXrWmw ]nXm k
]nXmalx'' ]nXmmcpsS ]nXmhv FY
ap]nXmalkw Cuizcs t]cmIpp.
{]]nXmal: ""bx ]nXmalm\mw ]nXm
k {] ]n Xm alx'' ]nXm a l m cpsS ]nXmhv
FYap {]]nXmalkw Cuizcs
t]cm Wv .
73 CXv iX]YhN\ns AYamWv.
74 [mXp]mTw3.1
75 [mXp]mTw9.41
76 [mXp]mTw2.49
68 [mXp]mTw1.376 Nc, `tW N, NmZv KXuN
Fnh tNv {]tbmKw
69 [mXp]mTw1.486
70 [mXp]mTw1.719
71 [mXp]mTw1.728
72 iX]Yw {_mWw13.1.8.8
13
amXmhv: ""tbm anaotX am\bXn kcvhm
RvPohm k amXm'' ]qWIr]mbpbmb
A Fs\ kzk m \ fpsS kpJhpw
Dbbpw Imwnppthm Aw Cuiz
c kIe PohnIfpsSbpw A`nhrnsb kZm
B{K ln p p. AXn \m ]c ta iz c\p
amXmhv Fp t]cmbn.
BNmcy: BMv F D]kKtmSp
IqSnb ""Nc KXn `Wtbmx''
77
F [mXp
hn\nv BNmcykw DmIpp, ""bx
BNmcw {KmlbXn kcvhm hnZym t_m[bXn
k BNmcy Cuizcx'' kXyamb BNmc
sfbpw kIehnZyItfbpw Fmhpw a\
n emn sImSp p Xp sImv Cuiz c\v
BNmcy F t]cv tbmPnpp.
Kpcp: ""Kr, i_vtZ''
78
F [mXphn\n
mWv "Kpcp' knnpXv. tbm [cvaym
i_vZm KrWmXyp]ZniXn k Kpcpx. k (G
j) ]qcv th jm a]n Kpcpx Imte\m\ h t
ZmXv.
79
(tbmKkq{Xw) kXy[as {]Xn
]mZnpXpw kIe hnZyIfSnbXpamb
thZsf D]tZinXn\mepw, krjvSnbpsS
BZn Im e n An, hmbp, BZn Xy,
AwKncv, {_mhv apXemb Kpcpmp
IqSn KpcphmbncpXpsImpw Hcnepw \mi
anmbvIbmepw Cuizc\pKpcpFp t]cmbn.
APx ""AP, KXnt]Wtbmx
80
P\o,
{]mZpcv`mth''
81
Fo cp [mXpfn \nv
APkw Inp Xm Wv . ""tbmfPXn kr
jvSnw {]Xn kcvhm {]IrXymZo ]ZmYm
{]n]Xn, Pm\mXn (hm) IZmNn PmbtX
tkmfPx'' {]IrXnbpsS Ahbhfmb BIm
imZn`qXfpsS ]camWpsf bYmXYambn
tNv ùXnI icoctfbpw Pohmm
sfbpw kwtbmPnnv, PohnIsf krjvSnh;
AYhm P\ \ an m Xv FY ap AP
kw Cuizcs bpamb \maamWv.
{_mhv : ""_rl _rln hrsu''
82
Fo [mXp fn \np {_m kw
knnpp. ""tbmfJnew PKZv\ncvamtW\
_cvlXn (_rwlXn) hcvbXn k {_m''
temIs \nnpIbpw hepXmpIbpw
sNph {_mhv . AXn\m Cuizc\v
{_msh t]cv tbmPnpp.
kXyw m\a\w {_. CXv ssXn
cotbm]\njnep Hcp hmIyamIpp.
83
kXyw: ""koXn kx, tXjp kp
km[p XXv kXyav '' k bp Xp kv ;
]ZmYw FYw. Ahbnhv DXvIrjvSam
bn p Xv ; bYmY amb k tbm Sp Iq Snb
Cuizc ""kXy''amWv
m\w: ""bm\mXn NcmfNcw PK
vRm\av'' NcmNc PKns {]hrnIsf
apgph\pw Adnbph FYambXpsImv
m\i_vZw CuizchmNnbmWv.
A\w: ""\ hnZytXftmfh[ncvacymZm
bky XZ\w'' AXncp \nW bn p hm
km[npIbnmXv. \ofw, hoXn, hw apX
emb ]cnamW Cuizc\v kw`hnm
XpsImv A\kw Cuizcs t]cm
Ipp.
{_w: ""kcvtht`ym _rlzmZv {_''
_rlmbhbn _rlmIbm {_w
Fp t]cmbn.
A\mZn: BMv F D]kKtmSpIq
Snb "UpZmRv, Zmt\'
84
F [mXphn \np
BZni_vZw DmIpp. BZni_vZn \Rv
{]Xybw tNptm A\mZn F cq]w
Inp p. ""bkv amXv ]qcv hw \mkv Xn ]cw
Nmkv Xn k BZn cn Xyp Ny tX. \ hnZytX
BZnx ImcWw bky tkmf\mZncoizcx'' BZn
i_v Z n \v , apv Cm Xv FY am Wv .
kzw kp ImcWambn asmcp hkvXp
hn m Xv A\m Zn Im c W c ln X Fv
AYw.
B\: BMv F D]kcvKtmSpIq
Snb "Sp\Zn, kar u''
85
F [mXp hn
82 [mXp]mTw1.488
83 {_m\hn 1
84 [mXp]mTw3.9
85 [mXp]mTw1.55
77 [mXp]mTw1.376
78 [mXp]mTw9.29
79 EtKzZmZn `mjy`qanIbn (thZ]cyS\w) k Gj
]qcvthjmsamWp ]mTw (kam[n]mZw 26mw kq{Xw)
k Gj FXv kq{Xns DYm\nIm cq]amsWv
NnecpsS SnWnIfn ImWpp.
80 [mXp]mTw1.139
81 [mXp]mTw4.40
14
\np B\i_vZw DmIpp. ""B\n
kcvth apm bkvan. bZzm bx kcvhm
Pohm\m\bXn k B\x.'' kIe Pohm
mfpw B\s A\p`hnp B\
kzcq] AYhm [a\njvTbp kIe Pohm
msfbpw B\nnph FYap
B\ Cuizcs \maamWv.
kXv:""Ak, `phn''
86
F [mXphn
\np kXv F kw Dmhpp. bZkvXn
{Xnjp Imtejp \ _m[ytX XXvkZv {_
`qX ham\ `mhn Imefn Hcpt]mse
\mianmsX hnpXv Fv AYap
kXv kw Cuizcs t]cmWv.
NnXv: ""NnXo, kwmt\''
87
F [mXp
hn\nv ""NnXv'' i_vZw DmIpp. ""bivtN
XXn tNX bXn kwm ] bXn khm
k\m tbmKn\kvXnXv ]cw {_.''
tNX\kzcq]\pw kIePohnIpw ssNX
\yhpw Fm hpw kXym k Xy t_m [hpw
\Iph FYn "NnXv' Cuizc\m
aamWv.
kXv, NnXv, B\ Fo aqpw hntij
WfmbXpsImv kthizcs\ knZm\
kzcq] Fp]dbpp.
\nXy:""tbm \nXy {[p thm fNtemf hn
\mio k \nXyx'' \ne\pw \mianmh
\pamIbm \nXy FXv CuizchmNnbm
Wv.
ip: ""ip, ipu''
88
F [mXp
hmWv kwbpsS aqew. ""bx ipXn
kcvhm tim[bXn hm k ip Cuizcx''
bmsXmcp Aipnbpw Xom kzbw AXy
]hn{X\mb, aphscsbmw ]cnipm
cmp Cuizc\v "ip' F \maw A\p
tbmPyamWv.
_p: ""_p[, Ah K a t\''
89
F
[mXp hn "'{] Xybw tNm _p
kw e`npw. ""tbm _phm kssZh
mXmfkvXn k _ptm PKZoizcx'' Fm
bvtmgpw Fmns\bpw AdnpsImncn
pp _p. AXpsImv _p FXv
PKZoizcs t]cmWv.
ap: ""apNver, tamNt\''
90
F [mXp
hn \np api_vZw DmIpp. ""tbm
apXn tamNbXn hm apapq k aptm
PKZoizcx'' Fm AipnIfn \npw AI
h\pw apappsf {]m]nIfmb ti
fn\nv AIph\pw, F AYn
ap kw CuizctXmWv.
\nXy\pw, ip\pw, _p\pw, ap\pam
bXpsImv PKZoizc \nXyip_pap
kz`mhn Fp ]dbsSpp.
\ncmImc: \ncv, BMv F cp]kK
tfmSpIqSnb "'UpIrRv, IctW''
91
F
[mXp \ncm Im c kw bpsS aqe am Wv .
""\nKX BImcmXv k \ncmImcx'' BImc
sampta Cmh \ncmImc Cuizc.
\ncRvP\: \ncv F D]kKtmSp
Iq Snb ""ARv Pq hynwe W Imn
KXnjp'' F [mXphn \np \ncRvP\
i_v Zw Dm Ip p.""ARv P\w hynwcv e
Ww IpIma C{nssbx {]m]vXntXy
kv amZv tbm \ncv KXx ]rY Kv `qXx k \nc
RvP\x'' hyn AXmbXv BIrXntmNm
cw, Zpjv S amb B{ K l , C{ n b hn
jbkmcw Fn h sbm p an m h \m I
bm Cuizcs\ \ncRvP\ Fp ]dbp
p.
KtWi, KW]Xn: ""KW, kwJymt\''
92
F [mXphn \np KW i_vZw DmIp
p. KWi_vZn Cuix ]Xnx Fnhsb
Iqn tm KtW ix, KW ]Xnx Fo
cp\ma DmIpw. ""tb {]IrXymZtbm
PUm Po hm KWyt kwJym bt
tXjmaoix kzmao ]Xnx ]metIm hm'' {]Ir
Xym Zn I fmb PU ] ZmY fp sSbpw kIe
PohnIfpsSbpw bPam\\pw ]meI\pambXn
\m Cuizc\v KtWi, KW]Xn Fot]
cpI hp.
hntiz iz c: ""tbm hniztamjv tS k
hntizizcx'' kIePKnsbpw A[njvTm
86 [mXp]mTw1.58
87 [mXp]mTw1.32
88 [mXp]mTw1.60
89 [mXp]mTw1.597
90 [mXp]mTw6.139
91 [mXp]mTw8.10
92 [mXp]mTw10.281
15
XmhmIbm Cuizcs t]cv hntizizc
Fm bn.
IqS : ""bx IqtSfAt\ I hn [ hy h
lmtc kzkzcq t] ssW h Xn jv TXn k
IqSx ]ctaizcx'' kIe hyhlmcfnepw
hym]nv AhbpsS B[mc`qX\mbncnnepw
kzw kzcq]n\v bmsXmcp amhpw hcmsX
hnpXn\m B AYap IqS
F ]Zw Cuizcs ]cymb\maambn.
tZhn: tZh F ]Zn\p AY
sfmw tZhnbvpapv. Cuizcs \ma
aqp enwKfnepapv. {_ F \maw \
]pwkIenwKhpw, NnXnx F \maw kv{Xoenw
Khpw, Cuizc F \maw ]pnwKhpamW
tm. Cuizci_vZns hntijWambn hcp
tm tZh Fpw NnXni_vZns hnti
jWamIptm tZhn Fpw {]tbmKnpp
shpam{Xw. AXn\m tZhokw Cuiz
cs t]cmWv.
inx ""iIver, iu''
93
F [mXp
hn \np "in' DmIpp. ""bx kcvhw
PKXv IcvXpw iIvt\mXn k inx'' temIw
apgph\pw krjvSnphm kmaYyapXt{X
in. B inbpXn\m Cuizc\v in
sbp t]cmbn.
{iox ""{inRv, tkhmbmav''
94
F [mXp
hn \nmWv {iobpsS DXv]n. ""bx {io
btX tkhytX kthW PKXm hnZzZv `n
tcymKn`n k {iocoizcx'' kIe P\fpw
hnZzm mcpw tbmKn Ifpw tkhn p h
FYap {io i_vZw Cuizcm`n[m\amIp
p.
ev aox ""e, Zcv i\m\tbmx''
95
F
[mXphn \nv evaoi_vZw DmIpp.
""tbm ebXn ]iyXn AtX NnbXn
NcmfNcw PKXv, AYhm thssZcm]vssXtcym
Kn`nivN tbm eytX k evaox kcvh
{]ntbizcx''. NcmNcPKns\ Ip sImn
cnph, AYhm B PKns\ Zriyam
ph AXmbXv, a\pjyicocn Iv,
aqv apXemb mt\{nbtfbpw, _mly
{]IrXnbn CeI, ]q, ImbvI\nI,
IngpI, XpSnb ]ZmYtfbpw, ]rYn
hn, Pew, Fo `qXfn Idppw Nphpw
shfppapff Iv, av apXemb hkvXp
tfbpw. BImin kqcyN{mZn {Kl
tfbpw \nnv `ph\s ImWh
amph. Asn thZmZn imkv{X
fn {]Xn]mZnpIbpw, tbmKnIfpsS ey
ambncnpIbpw sNph Fns\ ]e
s]mcpfpaSnb "evan' Cuizckwbm
Wv.
kckzXnx ""kr, KXu''
96
F [mXphn
\nv kckv i_vZapmIpp. kckv F
i_vZn "aXp]v' "Mo]v' Fo {]Xyb
Iqn tm kc kzXoi_v Zw Inpw.
""ktcm hnhn[ m\w hnZytX bkymw
NnXu
97
km kckzXo'' i_vZmYfpsS
kw_w {]tbmKw apXemb hnhn[ hnj
bfpsS bYmXYamb m\tmSp IqSn
bsXYamWv kckzXopXv. AXn\m
Cuizc\v kckzXo Fp t]cpv.
kcv h i n amx ""kcv hmx i tbm
hnZyt bkvan k kcvhinam\oizcx''
Xs Ihy\nhlWn\v asmcphs
klmbannmsX Fm Imcyfpw kzkm
aYyw sImp Xs \S p h \m I bm
Cuizc\v kcvhinam Fp t]cmbn.
\ymbImcn; ""WnRv {]m]tW''
98
F
[mXp hn \nv \ymbiv _w Dm Ip p.
""{]amssWccv Y]coWw \ymbx'' Fp
hmymb\ aljn Xs \ymb kq{X`mjy
n ]d n pv . ] ]mXcmln Xym N
cWw \ymbx {]Xyw. A\pam\w apXemb
{]am W sf smv ]co nv kXys
bYmhXv AdnbpIbpw ]]mXclnXambn
[aw BN cn p Ibpw sNp Xn s\ bmWv
\ymbw Fp ]dbpXv. ""\ymbw IcvXpw ioe
aky k \ymb Im co izcx''
99
] ]mXw
93 [mXp]mTw5.16
94 [mXp]mTw1.638
95 [mXp]mTw10.5
96 [mXp]mTw1.669
97 NnXnimhoizcm FYw
98 [mXp]mTw1.642
99 \ymb`mjyImc IuSney Fp IqSnt]cp
NmWIy\msWpw hmXvkymb\ FXp tKm{X
\maamsWpw sFXnlmknI aXapv.
16
IqSmsX [aw \Sp kz`mhapXn\m
Cuizcs\ \ymbImcn Fp ]dbpp.
Zbmepx ""Zb, Zm\KXncWlnwkm
Zmt\jp''
100
F [mXphn \nv Zb knn
pp. ""ZbtX ZZmXn Pm\mXn KXn cXn
ln\kv Xn bbm km Zbm. _lzo Zbm
hnZytX bky k Zbmepx ]ctaizc''. `bap
hv A`bw \Ip, kXymkXyfpw,
khhnZyIfpw Adnbp, \hsc cnp
, ZpjvSmsc Alambn innp Cuiz
cs\ Zbmep Fp ]dbpp.
AssZzXwx ""Zztbmcv`mthm Zzm`ymanXw
k ZznXm
101
AYhm ZzoXw hm sskh XtZh
hm ssZzXw. \ hnZysX ssZzXw ZznXotbiz
c`mthm bkvanXZssZzXw; AcvYmXv kPm
Xo b hn Pm XobkzK X t` Z iq\yw {_''
cns `mhw ssZzXw. ssZzX a nm Xv
AssZzXw. kPmXobw, hnPmXobw, kzKXw
Fp {Xnhn[ t`Zapv. B t`Z Cm
Xv AssZzXw Fp hnh . cp a\p
jyp Xn ep t`Zw kPm Xob t`Z am
Ipp. a\pjyXzsa Htc PmXnbnep cp
]ZmY Xnep hyXymkamWXv. a\p
jy\pw, hrw, ine apXembhIpw Xn
ep t`Zw hnPmXob t`ZamWv. Htc icoc
nep Iv, sNhn, aqv, sNhn apXemb
Ahbh Xnep t`ZsbmWv kzK
Xt`Zw Fp ]dbpXv. Cuizcs kPmXo
bt\m hnPmXobt\m Bb asmcp Cuizc
C. Cuizcs kzmmhn Xs kzKXt`
ZapXpw, XzmcapXpambsXmpanm
bvIbm Cuizcs\ "AssZzXw' Fp hnfn
pp.
\nKpW: ""KpWyt tb tX KpWm
hm ssbcv KpW bn tX KpWmx; tbm
KptWt`ym \ncvKXx k \ncvKpW Cuizcx''
kzw, cPkv, Xakv Fnhbpw cq]w, ckw,
Kw, kv]iw CXymZnIfpw PU]ZmY
fpsS KpWfmIpp. AX, Aev]
X, cmKtZzj, AhnZymZn Ivtfi Pohm
mhns KpWfmIpp. Cu cphn[ KpW
fn m h \mWv Cuiz c. ""Ai _v Z a
kv]cviacq]ahybav''
102
Fp XpSnb D]
\n j Zz N \ fmWv AXn\p {]am Ww. AXn
\m Cuiz c\v \nKp W s\ A`n [m\w
tNcpp.
kKpW: ''tbm KpssWx kl hcvtX
k kKpWx'' khX, B\abX, ]cn
ipX, A]cntab_ew, apXemb KpW
tfmSpIqSnbh\mIbm Cuizc kKpW
BIpp.
]rYn hnbv p KmZn KpW D Xp
sImv AXp kKpWbmWv; CmZnKpW
Cm Xp sImv AXp \nKp W bp amWv
AXpt]mse Xs PUamb PKnepw tNX
\amb Pohmmhnepw ImWsSp KpW
sfmpw X\nv CmXpsImv PKZoiz
c \nKpW\pw khX apXemb KpW
fpXpsImv kKpW\pw BIpp. kKp
WXzhpw \nKpWXzhpw CSIeXm
bmsXmcp hkvXphpw temIn C. tNX
\KpWfnmXpsImv PU]ZmY
\nKpWfmsWpw AtNX\KpWfp
XpsImv kKpWfmsWpw ]dbmw. AXp
t]mse Xs PU]ZmYfpsS KpW
CmXpsImv Pohmm \nKpW
fmIpp. CmZnIfmb tNX\KpWfpXn
\m kKpWfmsWpw ]dbmw. Cuizc
\nepw kKpWXz \nKpWXz IqSntn
cnpXpw CamsWdnbWw.
Acyman ""Acypw \nbpw ioew
bky tkmfbacymao'' temInep tNX
\m tN X\ ]ZmY fpsS A`m K n
Ccpv Fmns\bpw \nb{np \Sp
XpsImv Cuizc\v Acyman Fp t]cm
bn.
[acmP "tbm [cvta cmPtX k [cva
cmPx' [a n am{Xw {]Im in p I bpw
[as am{Xw {]IminnpIbpw sNp
Cuizcs\ [acmPs\p hnfnpp.
ba "bap, D]cta'
103
F [mXphn
100 [mXp]mTw1.322
101 ZznXm FXns apJymYw t`ZsamWv.
{KImhpw DchmIyn Cu AYw
kzoIcnncnpp. Hntesd A\mZn Xzsf
kzoIcnp Zi\sfmw
ssZzXZi\fmWv .
102 ItTm]\njXv3.15
103 [mXp]mTw1.710
17
\nv bai_vZw DmIpp. ""bx kcvhm
{]mWnt\m \nbXn k bax'' kIe {]mWn
Ipw Iaêw hyhsNpXv ba.
kI e hn [ n ep A\ym b fn \npw
AIncnph Fpw ba\v AYapv.
As\bp Cuizc ba\mIpp.
`Khm ""`P, tkhmbmav''
104
F [mXp
hn \nv `K i_v Zw Dm Ip p. AXn
aXp]v {]Xybw tNm `K hm F
i_vZw Inpw. ""`Kx kIsseizcyw tkh\w
hm hnZytX bky k `Khm''. kIe sFiz
cy tfm Sp Iq Sn b h\pw `Pn p hm tbmKy
\pamb Cuizc\p `Khm Fp t]cmbn.
a\px ""a\, mt\''
105
F [mXphn
\nv a\pkw DmIpp. ""tbm a\ytX
k a\px'' hnm\ioe Asn am\n
bvth FYw. Cuizc\v Cu tbmKy
XIfpXn\m a\p Fp t]cp hp.
]pcp j: "]r, ]me \ ]q c W tbmx'
106
F [mXphn \nmWv ]pcpji_vZknn.
""bx kz hym]vXym NcmfNcw PKXv ]rWmXn
]qcbXn hm k ]pcpjx''
107
temInsemw
\ndncnph\mIbm Cuizc\v ]pcp
j Fp t].
hnizw`c hniz]qhIamb ""Up`rRv ,
[mcWt]mjW tbmx''
108
F [mXp hn
\nv hnizw `c i_v Zw Dm Ip p. ""tbm
hnizw _n`cv Xn [cXn ]pjv WmXn hm k
hnizw`tcm PKZoizcx'' PKns\ [cnp
Ibpw t]mjnnpIbpw sNpXv FY
ap hnizw`c i_vZw Cuizcs t]cmWv.
Ime ""Ie, KXu kwJymt\ N''
109
F
[mXphn \nv Imekw DmIpp.""Ie
bXn kwJymXn kcv hm ]Zmcv Ym k
Imex'' temInep kIe PU]ZmY
tfbpw Pohmmtfbpw Fn IWmp
h FYn Cuizcs ]cymbamWv
Ime.
tijx ""injver, hntijtW''
110
F
[mXphn \nv tiji_vZw DmIpp. ""bx
injytX k tijx'' Dev]nbnepw {]fb
nepw tijnph Ah _m[nm
Xv FYap tij CuizchmNnbmWv.
B]v Xx ""B]v er, hym]v Xu''
111
F [mXp
hn \nv B]v X i_v Zw Dm Ip p. ""bx
kcvhm [cvam\ B]vt\mXn hm kcvssh
[cvam`ncm]ytX OemZn clnXx k B]v
Xx'' kIe hnZym bp \pw ktXym ] tZ
jvSmhpw [ammfm {]m]y\pw, Ahcn
hnf p h\pw Im] Sy an m h \p am b h
FYap "B]vX' Cuizcs \maamWv.
iwI cx iw F D] ] Z tm Sp Iq Snb
UpIrRv Ic tW
112
F [mXphn \nv
\np i c i_v Zw Dm Ip p. ""bx iw
IeymWw kpJw ItcmXn k icx'' awKfw
AYhm kpJw Dfhmph FYn
ickw CuizchmNnbmWv.
almtZh: tZhi_vZn alXv Fp
IqSn tNm almtZh F \maw Dm
Ipp. ""tbm alXmw tZhx k almtZhx''
113
tZh m cpsS tZh AXm b Xv , hnZzm m cn
hnZzm\pw kqcymZn ]ZmYsfqSn {]Imin
nphs\Yw.
{]nbx:""{]oR,v Xcv]tW Imsu N''
114
110 [mXp]mTw7.14
111 [mXp]mTw5.15
112 [mXp]mTw8. 10
113 CXv kamkns hn{Kla. AY\ntZiamWv.
kamkw kam\m[nIcW XXv]pcpj Xs.
kmamknI hn{Klm `n ]ZfpsS AY
\ntZiw sNpXv {]mNo\]cn]mSnbmWv.
alm`mjyw 1. 11 mw Blv\nIn ""[cva\nbax''
FXn\v [cvamb \nbax Fpw ""hrnkahmbx''
FXns\ hrtb kahmbx Fpw AYw
]dncnpp. imkv{Xobambn ""hnIrXn
hmNI NXpcvYy kp_n\v {]IrXn hmNI
kp_tmSp am{Xta kamkw hbvq.
AjvSm[ymbnbnse NXpYo XZYm... (2.1.35)
F kq{Xw t\mpI. IqSmsX, jjvTo
XXv]pcpj\mb almLmk,almIc,apXembhbn
""alZmtXz LmkIc hninjvtSjq]kwJym\w
]pw hZzN\w Nmkam\m[nIcWav'' F hmnI
m BXzw hcpwhw FdnbpI
114 [mXp]mTw9.2
104 [mXp]mTw1.724
105 [mXp]mTw4.65
106 [mXp]mTw9.18
107 ]qcbXycnXyc]pcpja`nt{]Xy\ncpw 2.3
tXt\Z ]qcvWw ]pcptjW kcvhav.....
(ssXcob BcWyIw 10.10)
108 [mXp]mTw3.5
109 [mXp]mTw10.290
18
F [mXphn \nv {]nb i_vZw DmIp
p. ""bx ]rWmXn {]obtX hm k {]nbx''
[ammfpw apappfpw injvSmcpamb
hsc ktmjnnph AsnGhcpw
{]m]n bv p hm B{K ln p Xv FY
ap {]nbi_vZw CuizchmNnbmWv.
kzbw`qx: "kzbw' ]qh I amb ""`q,
kmbmw''
115
F [mXphn \nv kzbw`q
i_v Zw Dm Ip p. ""bx kzbw `hXn k
kzbw`qcoizcx'' kzbtah DXv asmn
\nv Dm Im Xv FY n kzbw`q
CuizchmNnbmWv.
Ihnx "Ip, i_vtZ'
116
F [mXphn
\nv Ihn i_v Zw Dm Ip p. ""bx IuXn
i_vZbXn kcvhhnZymx k Ihncoizcx'' kI
ehnZyItfbpw AdnbpIbpw Ahsb A\yp
thZ aptJ\ D]tZinpIbpw sNp
Cuizcs Hcp \maamWv Ihn.
inhx (_lpetaXnZcvi\w

117
F [mXp]mT
{ ] Imcw DWm Zn tIm i n se kcv h\nLr jz
cnjzejzinh]Svh{]tlzjz AXt{ F kq{X{]
Imcw "inhp, IeymtW'') ]cn`mjI
118
inhx ""inhp IeymtW''
117
F [mXp
hn \nv inhi_vZw DmIpp. ""_lpe
taXnZcvi\w''
118
F hN\{]Imcw inhp
[mXp A\phZ\obamWv. kzbw awKf kzcq
]nbpw A\yv awKf{]Z\pamIbm Cuiz
cs t]cmWv inh.
Cuiz cs \qdp
119
\ma ChnsS
hymJym\np. CXpIqSmsX thsdbpw Akw
Jyw \ma Cuiz c \p v . kth iz cs
KpWIakz`mhv Fan. AXn\m
Atlns \mapw Fan. Hmtcm
tcm KpWtbpw Iatbpw kz`mht
bpw Ipdnphm Hmtcmtcm t]cpIfpv. Rm
ChnsS Fgp Xnb \ma kap {Z n\p
apn Xpnsbhw XpamIpp. thZm
Znimkv{Xfn Cuizcs Fa KpWIcv a
kz `m h sf hymJym \n n p v . thZm Zn im
kv {X ]Tn p Ibpw ]Tn n p Ibpw
sNbvXm am{Xta B \masf Adnbphm
Ignbq. thZmZnimkv{Xsf A[yb\w sNp
hp am{Xta ap ]ZmYfpsS m
\hpw ]qWambn DmhpIbpq.
tNmZyw ap {KImcmscmhcpw
{Kns BZnbnepw a[ynepw Ahkm
\ nepw awKf {]mY\ sNm dp tm.
AXpt]mse Av {]mYnpItbm awKf
tmIw FgpXpItbm sNmsXpsIm
mWv ?
Dcw Ans\ sNpXv \apv DNn
Xa. {Kns BZna[ymhkm\fn
awKfw BNcnm CSbnep `mKw apgph\pw
AawKfamsWp ]dtbp hcpw. AXn\m
awKemNcWw injvSmNmcmXv êZcvi\mNv
{OpXnXtXn.
120
. F kmwJyimkv{Xh
N \ {] Imcw \ymb hpw, ] ]m X c ln X hpw,
thZ{]Xn]mZnXhpamb Cuizcmsb Fm
bvt]mgpw FmbnSpw bYm\pkrXw BN
cnpXpXsbmWv icnbmb awKfmNcWw.
{Kns Bcw`w apX Ahkm\w hsc
sNp kXymNcWamWv icnbmb awKfm
NcWw. HcnSp awKfhpw asmcnSv Aaw
Kfhpw FgpXpX. almibmcmb aljn
amcpsS hmpI tImepwx
bm\y\hZym\n IcvamWn, Xm\n tkhnX
hym\n; t\m CXcmWn
121
CXp ssXn co
tbm]\njnep hN\amIpp. {]nbk
XnItf! A\hZyfmb AYhm, \nns
115 [mXp]mTw1.1
116 [mXp]mTw2.35
117 DWmZn 1.153 ioMvitb [mXphn h\v {]Xybmw
\n]mXnXamWv.
118 CXv [mXp]mTw 10.366mw kq{XamWv.
[mXp]mTn [mXpfpsS \nZi\amWv
{]mtbWbpXv. hrnImcm Cu kq{Xw
hymJym\nth [mXp]mTnenm hnhn[ [mXp
fpsS DZmlcWw \Inbnpv.
Cu kq{Xa\pkcnv {KImhv, inh
kwbpsS AYs eyamn [mXpIev]\
sNbvXncnpIbmWv.
119 Bh\w sNbvX \ma hymJym\sfmgnsI
BsI 104 \mafpsS hymJym\amWv Cu
kapmknepXv. ]ckv]c kw_amb
kXv NnXv B\w apXembhsb
GIoIcnm kwJy \qdnepw Ipdbpw.
AXn\m ChnsS \qsd kwJy
D]eWmYamsWdnbWw.
120 kmwJyZi\w 5.1
121 ssXncotbm]\njXv 1.11
19
SXmXpw [abphpamb Ia
fmWv \n kZm A\p jv Tn t Xv .
A[a f . AXn \m B[p \nIfmb
{Kfn ""{ioK tW imb \ax'' ""koXm cm
am`ymw \ax'' cm[mIrjvWm`ymw \ax {ioKpcpNc
Wmchnm`ymw \ax'' l\patX \ax Zpcv Kmssb
\ax _SpImb \ax ss`chmb \ax inhmb \ax
kckzssXy \ax \mcmbWmb \ax Fsmw
FgpXnmWpXv thZimkv{Xv hncp
ambXpsImv anYybmsWmWp _pnam
m hnNm cn p Xv . thZfnepw Bj
{Kfnepw Cu amXncnbp awKfmNcWw
HcnSpw ImWpn. Bj{Ksfmw
HmwImcw AY Fo ]ZfpambmWv Bcw
`n p Xv . t\mpI: ""AY i_v Zm \p im
k\av'' AtYXybw i_vtZm[nImcmcvY {]bp
PytX. (CXp hymIcWalm`mjymcwàmIp
p.) ""AYmtXm [cvaPnmkm''. AtYXym
\tcy thZm[yb\m\cav. (CXp ]qhao
amwkm hN \ am Ip p.) ""AYmtXm [cv aw
hymJymkymax'' AtYXn [cvaIY\m\cw
[cv a e Ww hnti jW hymJym kymax
(CXp sshtijnI Zi\mcwàmIpp) ""AY
tbmKm\pimk\av'' AtYXyba[nImcmcvYx
(CXp tbmKimkv{XmcwàmIpp) "AY {Xn
hn[ ZpxJmXy\nhrncXy]pcpjmcvYx'
kmwkmcnIhnjbt`mKm\cw {Xnhn[ZpxJm
Xy \nhrXycvYx {]bXv\x Icvhyx (CXp
kmwJy im kv {Xm cw ` am Ip p.) ""AYmtXm
{_Pnmkm'' (CXv Hmw thZmkq{X
am Ip p) ""Hman tXy X Z c apZv Ko Y ap ]m
koX'' (CXv OmtmKy D]\njnse Bcw
`hmIyamIpp.) ""HmantXyXZcanZw kcvhw
Xtkym] hymJym\w'' (CXv amWvUqIy D]
\njnse {]mcw`hmIyamIpp.)
Ejnap\nam cNnnp ap {Kfpw
Bcw `n p Xv Hmw Ftm AY Fsm
BWv .
122
\mep thZfpsS Bcw ` nepw
CXpt]mse Xs. ""Anx, CSv, Anx, tb
{Xnj]vXmx ]cnbn
123
Fo ]ZfmWv
ImWp Xv . "" { ioK tW im b \ax '' Fp
XpSnbh Fpan. sshZnIm thZmcw
`n "lcn Hmw' Fv FgpXpIbpw Dcn
122 ipIvfbpcvthZw 1.17 kzm[ymbmZ\ CXn..............
123 Anx CSv, Anx Fo aqpw ]Z{]Xn]mZIhpw
\mematXv a{{]XoIhpamWv.
kXymY{]Imin
hWnncnp
108 Cuizc\mafpsS ]nI
(AImcmZn {Ian)
\qsp \ma hymJym\fmWpXv. Fm ]camm,
B kw_nXhpw, ]ctaizc Cuizc kw_n
Xhpw ]nXmal, {]]nXmal ]nXmkw_nXhpw
knZm\ kakvXcq]hpw tZhn tZhs kv{Xoen
MvKhpw {_mhv {_ns ]pnwKhpamWv. Ch
Ggpw Hmw Hgnhmnbm \qdp \mafmWpXv . Hmans
hymJym\amWtm asmw.
1 Ac = cw\miw CmXv.
2 An = KXnbn \bnph
3 AP = P\nmXv.
4 Am = NcmNcPKnbmhv.
5 AssZzXw = {Xnhn[ t`ZclnXambXv.
6 A\w = ]cnamWclnXambXv.
7 A\mZn = ImcWclnX
8 Acyman = AnX.
9 Aw = `Win \IpXv.
10 AmZx = t`mKin \IpXv.
11 Acyam = A\oXnbn canmXv.
12 BImix = {]ImiImcIambXv.
13 BNmcy = NcmNcKXn ImncpXv.
14 Bm = kqvamXnkqva hym]vX
15 BZnXy = HcpImepw\inmXv.
16 B\ = [anjvTcpsS \\.
17 B]vX = [anjvTcn hym]vX.
{ioabm\ kckzXn kzmanIfm
hncNnXamb kXymY{]Imin
Cuizc\ma{]Xn]mZIamb
{]Ytammkw Ignp.
p Ibpw sNp Xv ]ucm Wn I m cp sSbpw
Xm{nImcpsSbpw anYymIev]\Ifn\nv
A`yknnpXmWv. thZmZnimkv{Xfn
lcn Fpw apw Hcn Spw Bcw ` n
{]tbm Kn n n . AXn \m {Km cw ` n
HmwImctamAYtbm BWv FgptXXv.
Cuizcs\ hnjbamn C{Xam{Xw Npcpn
]dp. XpSv "inWw' F hnjbs
n ]dbmw.
18 C{ = sFizycy]Xn
19 Cuizc = sFiycyn canpXv.
20 Dcp{Ia = {Iane[nIw ]cm{Ian.
21 Hmw = kXvNnXvB\ kzcq]w.
22 Ihn = AdnbpXv AdnbnpXv.
23 Ime = Fsf AdnbpXv.
24 Imemn = Fsf \bnpXv.
25 Ipt_c = kIem[n]Xn.
26 IqS = cq]nepw kzcq]nX.
27 tIXp = Hcp tcmKhpw _m[nmXv.
28 Jw = khhym]n
29 KW]Xn = NcmNcKWfpsS ]Xn.
30 KtWi = KWfpsS Cui.
31 Kcpm = _rlXvkzcq](KpcpL\)
32 Kpcp = \miclnXambn hnfpXv.
33 N{ = B\kzcq]
34 NnXv = tNX\ssNX\yt_m[kzcq]w.
35 Pew = P\bnXmhpw ebnnph\pw.
36 m\w = Fmw AdnbpXv.
37 ssXPk = {]ImitXtPmImcI
38 Zbmep = Fmn\pw A`bw\IpXv
39 Znhy = Znhy]ZmYfn hym]vX.
40 tZh = av klmbw IqSmsX kzbw hnfpXv
41 tZhn = ssNX\yImcWImcnIbmbn hnfpXv
42 [acmP = [sam{Xw [cnph.
43 \mcmbW = khhy]nbmbn Ab\wsNpXv
44 \nXy = Ne\clnX\mIbm \mianmXv
45 \nc\ = AeWambn Hpw CmXv
46 \ncmImc = BImcw Hmpta CmXv
47 \nKpW = XtXmKpWsf kv]inmh
48 \ymbImcn = ]]mXanmsX [aw \SpXv
49 ]cammhv = kqvamXnkqaambn hym]vX
50 ]ctaizc = Xpeyamtbm ]camtbm asmpanmh
51 ]nXmhv = Da\s am{Xw Imwnph
52 ]nXmal = ]nXmmcpsS ]nXmhv
53 ]pcpj = ]pcnbn (hnizw) ibnph
54 ]rYnhn = PKns\ hnkvXcnph
55 {]Pm]Xn = {]PIsf ]cn]menp ]Xn
56 {]]nXmal = {]m]nXmmcpsS ]nXmhv
57 {]m = icnbmbn Adnbph
58 {]mW = \ne\nev]n\v aqeImcWambh
59 {]nb = {]nbambXn\pw {]nbambXv
60 _p = kpJs \nbaambn kzbw _nncnpXv
61 _p = Fmns\bpw Ftmgpw AdnpsImncnpXv
62 _p[ = t_m[m\kzcq]ambncnpXv
63 _rlkv]Xn = _rlmbXnssbmw ]Xn
64 {_w = AcanmsX hym]vXambXv(\]pw.enMvKw)
65 {_mhv = _rlZvkrjvSnm\apXv
66 `Khm = sFizcym[n]Xn
67 `qan = NcmNcsf [mcWw sNpXv
68 awKf = Ne\nepw kpJw \IpXv
69 a\p = a\\m\fm am\ntXv
70 almtZh = tZhmcpsS alm\mb tZh
71 amXcnizm = Afh _etmSpIqSnbXv
72 amXmhv = Ir]m]qhw km\]me\w sNpXv
73 an{X = Fmhscbpw kvt\lnpXv
74 ap = {]m]nItifn\nv tamNnnpXv
75 bw = kIe ]ZmYsfbpw IqntpXv
76 ba = Iaê (\nba) hyhsNpXv
77 cmlp = asmpw IqSnecm cq]tmSp IqSnbXv
78 cp{Z = ZpjvSmsc innp tcmZnnpXv
79 evan = PKns\ IpsImncnpXv
80 hkp = GXn Fmw nXnsNppthm AXv
81 hcpW = htcWy KpWapXv
82 hmbp = hcnpIbpw kwlcnpIbpw sNpXv
83 hncmSv = hnizs kztXPpsImv {]IminnpXv
84 hniz = Fmnepw Fpw \ndp hnppthm AXv
85 hnizw`c = [cnpIbpw t]mjnnpIbpw sNpXv
86 hntizic = kIePKnsbpw A[njvTmXmhmIbm
87 hnjvWp = kXnepw hym]vX\mIbm
88 in = krjvSnphm kmaYyapXv
89 iwIc = awKIfIcambn am{Xw Iw sNbvIbm
90 iss\c (i\n) = KXnbn klPamb ss[cyapXXv
91 inh = kzbw awKf{]Z\pw ZmXmhpamIbm
92 ip{I = kwKm ]hn{XXbn FpXn\m
93 ip = apsXmw ]cnipampXv
94 tij = Dev]nbnepw {]fbnepw tijnpXv
95 {io = tkhmtbmKyambXv
96 kKpW = Xn am{Xap KpWtfbpw [mcWw sNpXv
97 knZm\ = kXv, NnXv, B\w Chsb kzcq]n [mcWw sNpXv
98 kXv = {Xn Imefnepw Hcpt]mse \mianmsX hnpXv
99 kXyw = kbpXn\m
100 kckzXn = hnhn[ hnjbfpsS bYmXYamb m\tmSpIqSnbXv
101 khinam = asminIfnepw iambXv
102 khnXm = khtemIsbpw Dev]mZnnpXpXv GtXm
103 kp]W = kZvIafn ]qWambncnpXv
104 kqcy = PUtNX\fpsS Acmmhmbn kzbw {]IminpXv
105 kzbw`q = kzbtah DXv asmn \nv DmImXv
106 kzcmSv = kzbw hncmPnpIbpw {]IminpIbpw sNpXn\m
107 lncWyK` = kqcymZntemI GXn \npw DZv`hnpthm AXv
108 tlmXmhv = tbmKyambhsb sImSppIbpw kzoIcnpIbpw sNpXv
2
cmw kapmkw
kXymY{]Imiw
hnZym`ymk k{Zmbw
AY inmw {]hymax
amXr am ]nXr am \m Nm cy hm ]pcptjm
thZ., CXp iX ] Y {_m W n ep Hcp
hmIyamIpp.
1
hmkvXhw ]dbpIbmsW
n, amXmhv, ]nXmhv, BNmcy Fo aqv
Damym]Imsc e`n Hcph am{Xta
Adn hp h \m Iq. [man Icpw ]Tn p h cp
amb amXm]nXmfph\mWv `mKyhm! B
IpeamWv [\yw. av F{Xtmfw D]
tZ ihpw D] Im chpw amXm hn \nv e`n
ptam A{Xtmfw amcn \npw e`np
I bn . Abv v kz k m\tfmSv
DmIp hmeyw asmcmpw Dmhp
X. s] afpsS lnXs Cnp
Xpt]mse asmcm CnpIbpan. AXn
\memWvamXram {]ikvXbpw [aXev]c
bpamb amXmhph Fp ]dncnp
Xv
2
. K`m[m\w apXv hnZym`ymkw Ign
bpXp hsc kzkm\v kuioeyw
D]tZinp AbmWv ]ca[\y.
K`m[m\n\v appw K`m[m\Imepw
AXn\p tijhpw amXm]nXmm aZyw apX
emb amZI]ZmYtfbpw cqhpw ZpK
aphbpw _pninsb \innphbp
amb Blmc]ZmYtfbpw hPnv kam
[m \w, Btcm Kyw, _ew, _pn, ]cm {Iaw,
kuio eyw, Fn h bm k`y Xsb Dm
p s\v , ]m, a[pcm apXemb
]ZmYsf ioenpXmWv Ghpw DNn
Xw. A{] Imcw sNp Xm bm Ah cpsS
hocycPkpI tZmjclnXfpw AXypa
KpW]qWhpamIpw.
cmtPmZi\ns Amw Znhkw apX
]Xn\mdmw Znhkw hscbmWv K`m[m\n\p
hn[n n cn p Imew. Ah bn BZys
\mep\m hPyfmWv. tijap ]{p
Znhkfn ]Xns\mmasbpw ]Xnaqm
a sbpw Znhk HgnsI _mn bp
]p cm{XnIfn am{Xw K`m[m\w sNp
XmWv Daw. ctPmZi\w apXv ]Xn
\mdp cm{XnI Ignm ]noSv kv{Xo]p
cpj kwtbmKacpXv. Cs\ K`m[m\n\v
tbmKyamb Imew hopw hcpXphtcbpw
K`m[m\w Dmbm AXpapX Hcp sIm
tpw kwtbmKw ]mSn. `mcym`m
m CcphcpsSbpw icocw BtcmKytmSp
IqSnbXpw a\v timIclnXhpw {]khp
ambncnWw. NcIw, kp{ipXw, Fo sshZy
{Kfn se hn [n {] Imcw ` W hpw,
hkv{X[mcWhpw sNtXmWv. a\pkvarXn
1 iX]Y{_mWw 14.6., 10.2 &
OmtmKy D]\njv 6.14.2
2 {]ikvXm [manIo amXm hnZytX
bky k amXram
22
kXymY{]Imiw hnZym`ymk k{Zmbw
hn[nnp coXnbn kv{Xo]pcpjm Ccp
hcpw At\ym\yw ktmjw {]Zm\w sNbvXp
PohnWw. K`m[m\ns tijw `W
nepw hkv{X[mcWnepw kv{XoI hfsc
{in Ww. K`w [cn Xn \p tijw Hcp
sImtv Ah ]pcpjkwtbmKw sN
cpXv. K`nWnbmb kv{Xo {]khw Ignbp
Xphsc _pn, _ew, cq]w, BtcmKyw, ]cm
{Iaw, imn apXemb KpWsf Dmp
]ZmY am{Xw `nWw.
{]khw Ign DSs\ iniphns\ kpK
bpamb PewsImv Ipfnnv s]mn
smSn tOZnv InSnbtijw hon \
kp K tm Sp Iq Sn b s\v ap X emb
]ZmYfm tlmaw sNWw. {]khnp
InS p kv {XobpsS Ipfn lnX I c amb
Blmcw apXembhpw DNnXamb GmSv
sNWw. Ipnbpw Xbpw {ItaW BtcmKyw
{]m]n p hm \m Wn Xv . Ipn bpsS s] bpw
t]mbpw
3
apemen\v DaKpWfpm
Ihw Blmcw IgnWw. {]khZn
hkw apX Bdp Znhkw IgnbpXphsc
s]bpsS apem ]m Ipnp sImSp
Ww. ]noSv [m{XnbpsS apem sImSpm
hp Xm Wv . Fm [m{Xnp `n m\pw
IpSnm\pw \ ]ZmY \Iphm Ipn
bpsS A \ am {]tXyIw {in Ww,
[m{Xnsb t]mp hm Ign bm \n[ \
_pn, ]cm{Iaw, BtcmKyw Fo KpW
fpmp acppI, tN Ijmbn
Bn ]m tem, ]ip hn ]mtem tNv
IpnpsImSpWw, {]khw Ignm inip
hns\bpw Atbbpw thpthmfw iphm
bphp asmcp etp amnnSWw.
AhnsS In\v IuXpItaIpXpw, ]cnafw
]cpXpamb ]ZmY hbvpI. {]k
hn kv{Xo ]cnipamb hmbphp {]tZi
pam{Xta kcnmhq. [m{XokvX\yw, ]ip
hn ]m, Bn ]m Fn h sbmpw
In m { ]tZ i fn DNn Xw t]mse
{]hn Ww. inip hns icocw P\ \n
bpsS icocmwifn \nmWpmIpXv.
AXn\m {]khn{XnbpsS icocw _elo\
amIpp. kv{XobpsS BtcmKyw ]cnKWnp
tm {]k hn p In S p h fpsS ape m
Ipnp sImSp p Xp \ X . ape m
tNmp t]mIm Xn cn m thp acp p
I kvX\fn ]pcn kvX\ys \ntcm
[np \npXmbm {]khn kv{Xo Hcp
amkw Ignbptmtgbvpw hopw bphXnbm
Ipw. AtXhsc ]pcpj\pw {_NcywsImv
hocy kw c Ww sN Ww. C d hw
A\pjvTnp kv{Xo]pcpjmv Dak
m\ Dm hp I bpw, Bbp kpw, _ew,
]cm{Iaw Fnh hnpIbpw sNpw. Ah
cpsS Fm km\fpw Dacpw, [manI
cpw, ZoLmbpv, _ew, ]cm{Iaw, Fnhbp
hcpamIpw. kv{Xo A]XyamKs ktm
Nnnp, kwtim[\w sNbvXp kqnpIbpw
]pcpj hocykwcWw sNpIbpw thWw.
Fn ]no Sp m Ip km\sfmw
Dacmbncnpw.
Xs a ]cnjv IrXioecpw icocmh
bhsf sImv IpnXtNjv S I sfmpw
sNmXncnphcpamIm \ D]tZi
kZm \tIXv amXmhns IhyamWv.
Ipn kwkm cn m XpS n bm A
AXns \mhn\p amhw Dm I hn
[ap D]mbw sN Ww. Fn am{Xta
Ipnp kv ]jv S ambn D cn p hm iIv Xn
DmhpIbpq. AXXp hWfpsS m\
{]bXv\fpw (DZmlcWw ]dbmw "]' Imc
n\v HmjvTamWv m\w. kv]rjvSamWv {]b
Xv\w. Fp shm cp NppIsfbpw Iqn
tv DcnWw FYw.) {lkzZoL
pXfpw kv]jvSambn Dcnphm\pw, a[p
c hpw, Kwò c hpw, kp c hp amb kzc n
Acw, am{X, ]Zw, hmIyw, kn, hncmaw
Fnh hyambn tIhw ]dbp
hm\pw ]TnnWw. IpnI Iptds kwkm
cnphm\pw Imcy a\nemphm\pw XpS
n bm a[p c ambn kwkm cn p hm\pw
apXnh kam Cfbh amXm]nXm
m, am\ym, cmPmm hnZzmm, apX
embhtcmSv kw`mjWw sNtp k{
Zmbhpw, s]cpamtdp coXnbpw apw Ah
v ]Tnnp sImSpWw. Fn Imcyfn
Ah HcnSpw AtbmKyambn s]cpamdpI
3 [m{Xn aebmfcbn Cu k{Zmbw {]Nmcan.
23
kXymY{]Imiw cmw kapmkw
bn. FmbnSpw BZchp t\Spw. kzkm
\ sf PntX {n b m cpw, hnZym `ym k n
{ibphcpw k\kwkKn Bk
nbphcpamphm Fmhcpw ]cn{ian
Ww. hyYamb {IoU, Icn, Nncn, hg
pIq, ktmjw, hyk\w, IsXmw
Inphm sImXn, Akqb shdpv, apXemb
sXmpw Ipn I ioen cp Xv . Kply {] tZ
is kv ]i \hpw a \hpw ip b
n\pw ZpKn\pw \]pwkIXzn\pw
ImcWamIpw. AXn\m IpnI D]t{n
bs kv]inp ioencpXv.
Fm bv t]mgpw kXyw ]d bp I, iucyw,
ss[cyw, apJ {] k X apX emb KpW
Ipn Ip m I hn [ n Ahsc
hfWw. Amas hbkn BIp
nItfbpw s]IpnIsfbpw Hcpt]mse \mK
cm chpw A\y cm Py fnse `mj I fpsS
en]nbpw A`y kn n t Xm Wv . ]noSv
t{ijvTamb hnZym`ymks \Iphbpw,
hnZy [aw, Cuizc Fnhsbpdnv {]Xn
]mZnphbpw A, A, BNmcy, AXn
Yn, hnZzmm, `cWm[nImcnI, P\, Xd
hmneph, Nmm, ktlmZcoktlm
Z c m, `rXy m ap X em b h tcmSv s]cp am
td coXnsb D]tZinphbpamb a{
, tmI, kq{X, KZy`mK, ]Zy
`mK Fn h sbmw AY tm Sp IqSn
lrZnamnWw. As\bm bm Ipn
I IffmcpsS NXn{]tbmK fn s]p
t]m hn . hn Zy bv p w, [an \p w
hncpfmb taml Pmefntep \bn
p euInI hyhlmcsfn thp
D]tZi sImSppXmbm `qXt{]Xm
Zn I fmb an Yym h kv Xp fn Ahp
hnizmkw DmhmXncnpw.
Kptcmx t{]Xky injykvXp ]nXrta[w kam
Nc. t{]Xlmsscx kaw X{X Zicmt{XW
ipyXn(a\pkv arXn5.65)
acnpt]mb Kpcphns kwkvImcIaw \S
p injy ihw FSppsImp t]mb
hscmcpanv ]pZnhkw sImv ]cnipnsb
{]m]npp FmWv apIfn sImSp a\p
kvarXn hN\ns AYw. t{]Xw F ]Z
n\v arX i cocw As n ihw Fm
WYw. arXicocw Zlnp `kvaambm ]ns
AXn\v `qXw Fpt]. ""C t]tcmSpIqSnb
Hcph Dmbncpp. Ah Ignpt]mbn''
Fv Xmev ] cyw. Hcp Im ev P\n hcpw
Cmev Pohnncnmhcpamb P\
`qXImenephcmIbm `qX Fp
]d bp p sh t bp f fq. {_jn XpSn
CtX h sc bp kIe hnZzm m cp sSbpw
knmw C{] Im c am Wv . Fm kwib
ioe ap hcpw Ipn X cmb Bfp I tfmSv
kwkKw sNphcpw, Zpjn kwkvImcap
hcpamb P\ `bhpw kwibhpapm
p `qX, t{]X, adpXm, ]nimNv
apX em b h bp s A hn izm k m
ZpxJnXcmbnocpp. t\mpI! Hcp Pohn acn
p tm AXns Poh kzbw Ir X amb
]m]]pWy[o\ambn Cuizcs \n
ba\pkcnv kpJZpxJf\p`hnm asmcp
Pw kzoIcnpp. \miclnX\mb kth
izcs B \nbs]m]]pWyhyh
sb Cm Xm p hm Bs nepw Ign
bptam? Adnhnm P\ sshZyimkv{Xw,
{]IrXn hnm\obw Fnh ]TnpItbm,
tIp Itbm sNm sXbpw kzbw Btem
Nnp t\mmsXbpw kn]mXPzcw XpSnb
imcocnI tcmKpw Nn{àw apXemb
am\knItcmKpw `qX_m[, t{]X_m[
Fsmw t]cp sIm Sp p p. Ah B
tcmKpff Huj[ tkhnpItbm,
]Yym Zn I fm N cn p Itbm sNmsX I
mcpw, AXyaqVmcpw, ZpcmNmc\ncXm
cpw, kzmYam{X]cmbWmcpw, ImhpIp
Snbmcpamb tmsctmepw hnizknv ]e
{]Im c n ep ap ff h \ Ifpw hymPfpw
Im]Syfpw Imn, Fn XnpI, NcSpP
]np sIpI, a{ P]npI, XInSpI
_npI apXemb anYymNmc sNbvXv
[\w apgph\pw IfpIpfnv, kzkm\
fpsS tcmKtfbpw Zpchtbbpw hn
nv ZpxJapfhmnsmv \Spp. Am
\mmcmb [\nI ]m]nIfpw kzmYnIfp
amb B Zp_p n IfpsS ASp sNv ,
""kzman, Cu Ippv Fp kw`hnp
Fv a\nemIpn. FmWhp hp
]nWXv?'' Fp tNmZnm Ah C{]
Imcw adp ]Sn ]dbpw: ""Chs tZl n
24
Hcp henb `qXw. t{]Xw, ss`ch, hkqcn
ame apXemb aqnIsfmw _m[nnpv.
Ahp thp HgnhpI sNpXphsc
Ah hnsm gn bp I bn . Hcp kabw Chs
{]mWs\ IqSn sImpt]mtbpw. Rv
thpthmfw ]elmcfpw h ZnWbpw
IqSn Xcp Xm bm R Ahsb a{
P]npw tlmaw sNbvXpw HmSnpIfbmw.''
C{]Imcw ]dbptm B Am\mm
]dbpw: ""kzman, RfpsS kh kzhpw
\in mepw Chs `qX _m [ b In Chs\
kpJsSpncnI am{Xw sNbvXm aXn.''
Ah Cs\ ]dbptXmSpIqSn B ZpjvS
mcpsS B{Klw knnpp. Ah XpScpw:
""icn C{X Hcp p I thWw. C{X ]Ww
ZnW XcWw. tZhXbvp _en sImSp
Ww. {Klimnp thp Zm\hpw sN
Ww.'' arZwKw, Cemfw, sN, tNe, apX
emb hmZysfSpv Ah Ahs apn
sNv \nv sImnmSpp. XpSv Ahcn
semcp I]Sam{nI IensImv Xpffnm
Sn, ""Rm Chs {]mWs\s sImp
t]mIpw'' Fp ]dbpp. Atm B aqV
m B \oN am {n I cpsS ImhoWv
""Ahn Spv Cjv S ap sXmw FSp m s.
Chs Pohs\ am{Xw hn b tW'' Fv
At] n p p. AXp tIp tm B
ZpjvS ]dbpp. "'Rm l\pam\mWv. sIm
phm ep, Pnte_n, F, knqcw, Ht
Im ap L\apff Hcp HNmn, Nph
etm n sIm phm'' AX s n ""Rm
ss`ch\mWv. Rm `{ZImfnbmWv ApIpn
Iv, Ccp]Xp tImgn, Av tImemSv, Ipsd
]elmcw, Hcp apv, CsXmw sImphm.''
Fv ]d bp p. "'th sXmw FSp p
sImI'' Fp ]dv a_pnI sImSp
ptm B {`ms Xpepw Nmhpw A[n
IamIpp. Fm _pnbph hhcpw
sNv, Ahv XncpapmgvNbmbn sNcn
p sIm tm, ssIsIm tm, hSn sImtm
Av {]lctam, \ sXmgntbm sImSpp
]w AhcpsS l\pam\pw, `{ZImfnbpw, ss`c
h\pw Fmw hfsc thKn {]kmZnv an
fbpw. aphcpsS ]Ww Xnphm\mbn
{]tbmKnp I]S\mSIfmWnsXmw.
As n B Adn hn m h {Kl {K
kvX\pw {Klcq]nbpw Bb Hcp tPymXnjm
`m k s ASp sNv , "" Ch\v
FmWv? Hp t\mnbms'' Fp ]dbp
p. Atm Abm ]d bpw, ""kqcymZn
{Klsfmw tZmjm\mWv, AhbpsS
tIm]imn hcpphm thp P]w, ]qP,
Zm\w Fo Hgn hp I sfmw sNn Ww.
Asn Ch hfsc IjvSmSpI A\p
`hnpw. {]mWlm\n t]mepw hcmw.''
D cw KWIm! `qan tb tmse Xs
AtN X\fmWv kqcymZn temIfpw.
NqSpw shfnhpw Xcphm\msX asmpw
sNphm Ahbvv Ignhn. tIm]nm
ZpxJ tbpw {]km Zn m kpJ tbpw
Dmphm Ah tNX\tfm?
tNmZyw cmPmmcpw {]PIfpw ASnb
Cu temIn Nne kpJaphcmbpw ap
Nne ZpxJa\p`hnpXmbpw ImWsSpp.
AsXmw {KlnXnbpsS êat?
D cw AsXmw ]pWy ]m]fpsS
êamWv
tNmZyw tPymXnximkv {Xw tIhew If
hmtWm?
D cw A. B imkv {X n e S nb
AKWnXw, tcJmKWnXw, _oPKWnXw
apXemb KWnX`mKsfmw icnbmbnp
XmWv. ê`mKw apgph\pw ipta hymPam
Wv .
tNmZyw PmXIw Xosc \njvêamtWm?
D cw AtX; AXn\v PmX I sa
timIZw FmWv ]dtbXv. km\w Dm
Iptm kIepw B\w DmImdpv.
Fm B B\w km\ns PmXIw
FgpXn {Klêw ]dptIpXphsc
am{Xta \ne\nppq. PmXIw FgpXn
tXmsWp tPymy ]dbptm Ipn
bpsS A \ am tPymy t\mSv "'hfsc
hntijs PmXIambncnWw'' Fp ]d
bp p. ]d t ev ]n Xp [\n I \m sW n
Np Ip w abp w hc IsImp w
Nn{XsImpw tamSn]nSnnpw, Zcn{Z\m
sW n km[m c W k { Zm b nepw Hcp
PmXIw FgpXn Dm n smp hcpw.
25
Atm Ip n bp sS amXm ]n Xm m
tPymys apn Ccpp tNmZn p p.
"" Chs PmXIw \ Xp X s bt?''
tPymy ]d bp p. ""DXp apgp h\pw
]dp tIn t mw. Ipns P {K
lhpw an{X{Klhpw iq`fmIpp. AXns
êambn Ipn henb [\nI\pw Ionam\pw
Bbnocpw. GXp k`bn sNmepw Chs
tXPv ap h cp tS Xn t\ m anIp
\npw. \ BtcmKyaph\pw cmPmm
IqSn _lpam\nph\pw Bbnocpw.'' Cu
hmpI tIv IpnbpsS A\am ]dbpw.
""sImmw Av \ tPymycmWv.'' Fm
CXpsImsmpw Xs Imcyw km[npIbn
sv tPymy \ dn bmw. AXp sImv
tPymy ]ntbpw ]dbpp "" Cu ]d
{Klsfmw hfsc A\pIqe Xs.
Fm Cu ip`{Kl thsd Nne {Iqc
{KltfmSv IqSntmWncnpXv. AXp
\n anw Cu Ipnv Fm as hb n
arXyp tbmKw ImWp p.'' CXp tIp
tmtgpw A\am ]p{X\pmb B\
samw XyPnv ZpxJnXcmbn tPymyt\mSv
]d bp p "" tPymy tc, R Fp
sNWw?'' tPymy DSt\ ]dbpw ""AXn\p
]cnlmcw sNWw.'' ]cnlmcamKw Fm
sWv Krl tNmZnptm tPymy
hopw ]dbpw ""Zm\ sImSpWw. {Kl
im n p a{ P]n Ww. Znh kw
tXmdpw {_m Wsc ImI gp In q Ww.
Fn {Klng XocpsamW\pam\nt
Xv.'' tPymy ChnsS A\pam\sap ]d
Xv hfsc apIcpXtemsS IqSnbmWv. Hcp
]t Ipn acnpt]mIpXmbm Abm
]dbpw: ""R FpsNpw? Cuizc\p]cn
Bcpan. R hfsc {]bXv\np. \nfpw
]eXpw sNnp. ]t Ahs Iaêw
As\bmWv.'' Ipn Pohnsn Atmgpw
Abmp ]dbmw, "" t\mpI! RfpsS
a{fpsSbpw, R D]mknp tZh
XamcpsSbpw {_mWcpsSbpw in F{X
hep XmWv ! \nfpsS Ipnsb cn p X
nt!'' hmkvXhn P]w sImv êsam
p ap m bn s n B [q X m cp sS
ssIn \nv Ahv sImSpXn Htm
ctm Ccn ]Ww aSn hmt Xm Wv .
Ipn PohnncnpXmbmepw As\ aSn
taSnpI XsbmWp thXv. Fsm,
"'AXv Ahs IaêamWv. Cuizcs \nb
as ewLn p hm Bpw in bn''
Fv tPymy ]dbpXpt]mse ""Ahs
Iaêhpw Cuizcs \nbahpamWv Ahs\
cnXv, \nfpsS {]hrnb'' Fv Abm
tfmSpw ]d bm hp Xm Wv . Zm\fpw ap
Iafpw A\pjvTnnv {]Xnêw hmn
bnp Kpcp apXembhtcmSpw tPymyt\mSv
]dXpt]mse Xs, ]dtbXmWv.
hkq cn ame apX emb tZh X Ifpw a{w,
X{w, b{w Fnhbpw Fmw, CXpt]mse
Xs iphymPamWv. AXpsImp \Sp
h {]hnpXv apgph\pw I]SamWv.
Ahcn Nne Cs\ ]dbpp, ""R
NcSp P]npsImSppItbm b{w FgpXn
smSppItbm sNpXmbm AXv sIp
hv AXn s amlmyw sImv
bmsXmcp _mt[m]{Zhhpw ]oUbpw DmIp
X.'' Ahv sImSpt adp]Sn CXm
Wv . ""ac W n \npw Cuiz cs \nb a
n anpw Iaên \npw a\pjysc
cn p hm \p in \nptm?
\nfpsS a{in apgph\pw {]tbmKnnpw
F{X IpnIfmWv acnpt]mIpXv. \nfpsS
hon ep h Xs acn p t]m Ip nt?
\np Xs ac W n \nv kzbw
cnphmIgnbptam?'' Cs\ tNmZnp
Xm bm Ahv kam [m \ sampw ]d bp
hmkm[npIbn. "'kq{Xsampw ChnsS
ênn'' Fh a\nempIbpw sNpw.
AXn\m Ccw Iffcsfsbmw
XyPnv, [manIcpw kIe tZipw D]
Imcw sNp hcpw bmsXmcp hymPhpw
IqSmsX Fmhscbpw hnZyIf`yknnp
hcpw Dacpw hnZzmmcpambh temIn\v
GXphn[n D]Imcw sNppthm AXp
t]mse Xs Ahpw {]Xyp]Imcw sNp
I. Cu Ihys Hcnepw ssIhnp If
b cp Xv . CXp t]m se Xs At\ I hn [ n
ep ckm b \ {] tbmKtfbpw amc Ww,
taml\w, DmS\w, hioIcWw apXemb \oN
Iatfbpw D]tZinp \Sphcpw alm
26
aqVmcmsWp a\nemtXmWv. C
dXpw CXpt]msebpXpamb kIe ambm
{]tbmKfpsSbpw kXys Ipnmep
Xs a\n ]Xnp InShw
av a\ n emn sImSp t Xm Wv ,
Fm Ah B amXn cn bp bmsXmcp
tamlPmefnepw AIsv ZpxJs {]m]n
m CS h cp X . hocys cn p
Xnep B\em`sbpw, \innp Ifbp
Xp sImp ZpxJsbpw IpnIv a\
nemnsmSpWw. ""GsXmcphs icoc
n hocyw kpc n X am bn cn p pthm
Ah\v Btcm Kyw, _pn, _ew, ]cm {Iaw
Fn h sbmw hn p h cn Ibpw AXp \n
anw Ah Afh kpJw A\p`hnpIbpw
sNpp. kv{Xo hnjbsn kwkmcnp
I, hnjbtemep]mcmb P\tfmSv kl
hknpI, hnjbkpJm\p`hsfn Nnn
pI, kv{XoIsfmcpanv GIm hmkw sNp
I, Ah tcmSv kw`m jWw sNp I, Ahsc
kv]inpI Fnhsbmw hPnv AIn
cpp sImmWv {_NmcnI DahnZym
`ymkhpw ]qWamb sshZpjyhpw t\tS
Xv. GsXmcphs icocn hocyw Ctbm
Ah \]pwkIhpw ]pcpjeWanm
h\pw hfsc hncq ] \p am bn o cpw. AXp
t]mse Xs {]taltcmKw _m[nph
tZl_ew, icocImn, _pn, in, Dm
lw, ss[cyw, ]cm{Iaw Fo KpW sfmp
anmh\mbnov \inpp. t{ijvT
amb inWw, hnZymkmZ\w, hocykm
Z\w FnhbvpCu Imes hyYam
nbm Cu Pn C\nsbmcn Cub
hkcw IWnImam t]mepw InpX.
R Pohn n cn p Imep Xs
\n hnZym`ymkw sNbvXv sshZpjyw km
Zn p I bpw, ico c _ew hn n p Ibpw
sNbvXpsImWw.'' Fv IpnIsf DXv t_m
[n n Ww. CXp t]m se bp ap ]e D]
tZifpw amXm]nXm av sImSpt
XmWv. CsXmw kqNnnm\mWv ap]
d {]amWn ""amXram ]nXram''
Fo ]Z {]tbm Kn n p Xv . Ap
hbp XnIbpXp hsc Abpw, AXns
tijw Fphbkv IgnbpXphsc A\pw,
Ipn Isf ]Tn n Ww. H Xm as hb
n, {_mWcmsWn BIpnIsf D]
\bnv KpcpIpentevAXmbXv]qW]m
WvUnXyw kmZn hnZzmmcpw hnZpjnIfpw
hnZymZm\w sNbv Xv sIm n cn p e
tv AbWw. s]IpnItfbpw CXp
t]mse KpcpIpentev AbtXmWv.
]Tn n p tm Hcn epw emfn msX
imknpIam{Xw sNphcpsS km\
am{Xta kpinnXmcpw hnZzmmcpw kwkvIr
X lr Z bcpw Bhp I bp q. CXn\v {]amWw
hymIcW`mjynepv:kmarssXx ]mWn
`ncv Lv \n Kpcthm \ hntjmnssXx.
eme \m {i bntWm tZmjm kv Xm U \m {i bn
tWm KpWmx
4
AYw: km\tfbpw injymscbpw
XmUnp amXm]nXmmcpw A[ym]Icpw
kzk m\tfbpw injy m scbpw kzw
ssII fm AarXw IpSn n p p. kzk
m\tfbpw injy m scbpw emfn p
A\amcpw Kpcp\mYmcpw Ahsc Xfp
sS ssI sImv hnjw IpSnnp \innp
p. emf\w sImv km\fpw injymcpw
Zpjnpt]mhpIbpw XmU\wsImv \hcm
IpIbpw sNpp. km\fpw injymcpw
XfpsS A \ amcpw Aym ] Icpw
Xsf innp hfnbm AXpsImv
Fm bv t]mgpw ktm jn p Ibpw Hma \nv
hfpXmbm AXpsImv ZpxJnpIbpw
sNtXmWv. Fm Abpw A\pw
A[ym ] I\pw Akq b sImtm tZzjw sIm
tm IpnIsf ASncpXv. Ahsc `bsSp
pXmbn ]pdta \SnpIbpw Dn hm
eytmSpIqSn {]hnpIbpw sNtXm
Wv. ap ]eXpw ]Tnnp Iqn tamj
Ww, hy`nNmcw, aSn, sXpI, elcntkh,
AYanm kwkmcw, lnwk, {IqcX, Akq
b, shdpv apXemb Zpxkz`mhsf hnpIf
bphm\pw kXys ssIsmphm\pw ]Tn
nWw. Hcph asmcphs apn shv
Hscm {]mh iy sa nepw tamjv Sn p Itbm
hy`n N cn p Itbm AkXyw ]d bp Itbm
sNbvXpt]mbm ]ns acW]cyw Ah
_lpam\]m{XamhpIbn. {]XnmewL
4 alm`mjyw 8.1.8
27
I\p t\cnSpXpt]msebp tZmjw asm
cph\v DmImdn. AXn\m {]XnsN
bvXm AX\pkcnv {]hnWw. Rm
C kabv \nfpsS ASptev hcmw,
Ftm ""Rm C kabv C km[\w
Xcmw'' Ftm {]Xn sNbvXnv As\
sNmXncpm Ahs\ ]noSv Bcpw hniz
kn p I bn . AXn \m Ghcpw Ftmgpw
kXyw ]d bp hcpw {]Xn m ]m e Icpw
Bbn cn Ww. Zpc `n am\w Dm Ip Xv
Bpw \X. Ifhv, Im]Syw, IrXLv\X
Fn h sImv Ah \ h\p Xs am\ knI
ZpxJapmIpp. Atm Ah aphv
F{Xtbsd ZpxJImcWamIpsav ]dbWsa
n. a\knsemp hnNmcnpw ]pdsmp
Imnbpw A\ymsc tamlhebn IpSpn
Ahv t\cnSmhp tZmjsn Btem
Nn msX kzmYw km[n p Xn s\ bmWv
Im]Syw Fp ]dbpXv. A\y sNbvX D]
Im cs hnkv a cn p Xn s\ bmWv IrX
Lv \X Fp ]d bp Xv . t{Im[w, ITn \ `m
jWw Fnh shSnv arZpa[pcambn kwkm
cnphm ioenWw. shdpsX Pev]ncp
Xv. thXp apgph\pw ]dbWw. thm
sXmpw ]dbcpXv. KpcpP\sf _lpam\n
Ww. Ahsc Im Fgptv "\akvtX'
Fv ]dv hnv tbmKy amb Ccn nSw
\IWw. Ahtcm Dbv CcncpXv.
asmcph hv Fgpt\phm ]dbm CS
bm Im hw Ah \ h\v Al amb
m\p am{Xta Ccn bv m hq. BtcmSpw
hn tcm[w Dmcp Xv . hn th I ]q w
tZmjsf Xn KpWsf sIm Ww.
k\kwkKw sNWw. ZpP\klhmkw
XyPnWw. AhchcpsS amXm]nXm, Kpcp
m Fn hsc icocw, a\v , [\w
apXembhbm ktmj]qhw ip{iqjn
Ww.
""bm\ykvamI(Mv)kpNcnXm\n Xm\n Xz
tbm]mkym\n t\m CXcmWn'' CXv ssXn
cob hN\
5
amWv. amXm]nXmmcpw, A[ym
] Icpw XfpsS Ipppw injy
mpw Fmbvt]mgpw kXyw D]tZinp
tXm sSmw CXp IqSn D] tZ in Ww:
""[am\pkrX fmb Iasfmw kzoI
cn p sIm p I. GtXXp Ia
\nyfmtWm Ahsbmw XyPnpI. kXy
amsWp tXmpXns\ ]dbpIbpw {]N
cnnpIbpw sNpI. Ik\ymknbpw Zpcm
Nmcnbpamb Hcpht\bpw hnizkncpXv. A
\amcpw Kpcphpw Bm]np kXvIa
f\pjvTnWw. IpnIsf amXm]nXm
ImWmsX ]Tnnnp [aw, hnZy, kZmNm
cw, Fnhsbpdnp tmI, \nL
p, \ncp w, hymI c W kq{X, ap
kq{X, thZ a{ apX em b h bpsS
AYw Kpcp Ahsc ]TnnWw. {]Ytamm
kn Cuizcs\ GXp hn[n hWn
pthm AtX hn[ n Dn hn`m h\
sNbvXv D]mknWw. BtcmKyw, hnZy, _ew
Fnh ssIhcphm tbmPn hn[w `Ww,
hkv{X[mcWw apXembh ioenpIbpw ioen
npIbpw sNWw. hniSphm Bh
iyapXn Aev]w Ipdt `nmhq. aZy
amwkmZnI hPnWw. Bgsa{Xbpsv
Adn bm sX sh n CdcpXv . Fs
m Pe P p fn \ntm thsd h
hkvXpfn \ntm D]{Zhw Dmtbmw.
\op hi an s n apn tm Imw. ""\mhn
mtX Pemitb''
6
F a\phN\a\pk
cnv Bgadnbm Pemibn Cdn Ipfn
cpXv.
7
ZrjvSn]qXw \ytkXv]mZw, hkv{X
]qXw Pew ]nt_Xv. kXy]qXmw htZZzmNw,
a\x]qX kamNtcXv.
Xmsg t\mn \SWw. hkv{Xw sImv
Acn shta IpSnmhq. kXywsImv ]cn
ipamnb hmt ]dbmhq. a\kpsImv
BtemNnt {]hnmhq.
amXmi{Xpx ]nXm sshco tb\ _mtem
\ ]mTnXx, \ tim`tX k`m aty lwk
aty _tIm bYm
8
. Fsmcp Ihn ]dbp
p. asf thhw hnZym`ymkw sNn
m amXm]nXmm AhcpsS ]ca i{Xp
fmIpp. AhcpsS aqVkXnI hnZzm
mcpsS k`bn sNm, AcbfpsS
5 ssXcob D]\njv inmhn 11
6 a\pkvarXn 4.129
7 a\pkvarXn 6.46
8 NmWIyiXIw
9 NmWIy\oXn 2, 11
28
kXymY{]Imiw A[yb\ A[ym]\ k{Zmbw
a[y nse sImn sb tm se, tim`n msX
XnckvIrXcmIpp. icocw, a\kv, [\w Fn
hbm kzkm\sf hnZzmmcpw [anjvT
cpw, kwkvIrXNncpw, t{ijvTinWw e`n
hcpw BpIsbXv amXm]nXmmcpsS
I hyhpw ]c a [ahpw tIhn tI
Iahpw BIpp. _memcpsS inW{Ia
s n Ipd s gp Xn b Xn \nv _pn am
mv hfscb[nIw a\knemmhpXmWv.
C\n {_Ncyw, Kpcpinjy_w, A[ym]\w
Fnhsbn ]dbmw.
{ioabm\ kckzXn kzmanIfm
_meinWspdnp
ZznXotbmmkw Ignp.
amXram ]nXram\mNmcyhm ]pcptjm thZ., .............................. OmtmKy D]\njXvv 6.14.2
Kptcmx t{]Xky injykvXp ]nXrta[w kamNc.
t{]Xlmsscx kaw X{X Zicmt{XW ipyXn ..................................................... a\pkvarXn 5.65
kmarssXx, ]mWn`nLv\n Kpcthm \ hntjmn
ssXx eme\m{ibntWm tZmjmkvXU\m{ibntWm KpWmx ......................... alm`mjyw 8.1.8
bm\ykvamI(Mv)kpNcnXm\n Xm\n
Xztbm]mkym\n t\m CXcmWn ......................................................... ssXcob D]\njv 1.11
\mhnmtX Pemitb.................................................................................................. a\pkvarXn 4.129
ZrjvSn]qXw \ytkXv]mZw, hkv{X]qXw Pew ]nt_Xv.
kXy]qXmw htZZzmNw, a\x]qX kamNtcX. .......................................................... a\pkvarXn 6.46
amXm i{Xpx ]nXm sshco tb\ _mtem \ ]mTnXx,
\ tim`tX k`maty lwkaty _tIm bYm ............................................. NmWIriXIw 9
{]ikvXm [manIo amXm hnZytX bky k amXram
cmw kapmknse
kwkvIrX DcWnI
29
kXymY{]Imiw aqmw kapmkw
3
aqmw kapmkw
kXymY{]Imiw
A[yb\ A[ym]\ k{Zmbw
AY A[yb\m[ym]\hn[nw hymJymkymax
aqmas kapmkn A[yb\w A[ym
]\w Fnhsbn {]Xn]mZnmw. Dahn
Zy, t{ijvTinWw, KpWw, Iaw, kz`mhw
FnhbmIp `qjWsfsmv IpnIsf
Ae cn p Xv amXm ]n Xm m cp sSbpw
A[ym]ImcpsSbpw, _pP\fpsSbpw
Ihyfn {][m\amWv. kzw, shn,
amWnIyw, apv, ]hngw apXemb cXv\
sImpmnb B`cW AWnbpXp
sImv a\pjys Bmhv Hcnepw Aew
IrXamhpIbn.
1
B B`cWfWnm
tZlm`nam\w, hnjbkpJmkn, Imsc
`bw, Fnh hnpItbbpq. Fp am{X
a; Nnetm acWw IqSn kw`hnpXm
Wv . B` cWfWnp \S p Ipn I
tfbpw apw ZpjvSm sImmdptm.
hnZymhnemka\tkm [rXioeinmx
kXy{hXm clnXam\aem]lmcmx
kwkmcZpxJZet\\ kp`qjnXm tb
[\ym \cm hnlnXIcva ]tcm]Imcmx
hnZym `ym k n Bk n bp a\ v ,
kpcamb ioehpw, kz`mhhpw Fnhtbm
Sp Iq Sn b h cpw, kXyw ]d bp I, XpS nb
\nbasf ]cn]menphcpw, Almcw,
A]hn{XX apXemb tZmjfnmhcpw,
aphcnep amen\ys AInfbp
h cpw, ktXym ] tZiw sImpw hnZym Zm\w
sImp w temI n ep P\fp sS
ZpxJsf ZqcoIcnphcpw, thZhnlnXamb
Iafm A\yv D]Imcw sNphcp
amb P\fmWv `mKy hm m cm bn p h.
AXn\m Fmas hbkn Xs BIp
n I sfbpw s]Ip n I sfbpw Ah c h cpsS
hnZymebn tNWw. ZpcmNmcnIfmb
]pcp j mcpw Zphr I fmb kv {XoIfpw
A[ym ] I ]Zw hln p hm tbmKy c .
]qWssh Zpjyw knn [am \p jv Tm \
n {ibp kv{Xo]pcpjmcmWv Ipn
Isf ]Tnnphm\pw kwkvImcaphcmp
hm\pw tbmKy. hon shpXs BIp
nIp D]\b\hpw s]IpnIv hn[n
bmwhap hnZymcw` kwkvImchpw sNbvX
tijw KpcpIpentevhnZymebntev
AbbvWw. hnZymebw hnP\amb {]tZi
mbncnWw. hnZymYnIfpsS hnZymebw
hnZymYn\nIfpsS hnZymebn \nv \mep
\mgnI AI se bm bn cn Ww. A[ym ] I,
`rXy, apX embn B]n q S n
BWpfpw s]]nqSn kv{XoIfpw
BbncnWw. _memcpsS hnZymebn
Aphbp XnI Hcp s]Ipnt]mepw
{]thincpXv. AXpt]mse Xs _menI
amcpsS hnZymebn Ap hbmb Hcp
BIpnt]mepw {]thincpXv. BIpn
I {_NmcnIfmbpw s]IpnI {_
1 tIbqcmWn \ `qjbn ]pcpjw
lmcm\ Nt{mzem (\oXniXIw.15)
30
Nm cn Wn I fmbpw Ccn t Ime tmfw
Ah ]ckv]cap Zi\w, kv]i\w, GIm
hmkw, kw`mjWw, hnjb kpJsfp
dnp IYmJym\, {IoUmhnt\mZ,
hn j b kp J s p dn p kv acW
Fns\ Fp {]Im c n ep ssaYp
\s Xosc shSnbWw. A[ym]I Ahsc
B hnjbfn \nv AIn \n Ww.
Fn am{Xta Ah Da inWw, ioew,
kz`mhw Fnh t\Sn icoc_ehpw Bi
nbpw kmZnv \nXykuJys hnn
pIbpq.
hn Zym eb ]Wfn \n pw
{Kmafn \npw Hcp tbmP\Fp\mgnI
Zqcw AIncnWw. Ipt_cs ]p{X\m
bmepw \n[\s ]p{X\mbmepw hnZymYn
bmbncnptm Fmhpw Hcpt]mse
bp hkv { Xfp w ` Whp w Ccn
nSfpta sImSp m hq. Ah scmw X]
kznIfmbncnWw. IpnI A\amsc
ImWphm t\m, A \ am Ipn Isf
kin p hmt\m A\p h Zn cp Xv .
A\amcpw afpw Xn InS]mSv
\Sphm t]mepw A\phZnpXv icn
b. As\ AIncpm am{Xta Ah
euInI NnI IqSmsX hnZym`nhrnbn
am{Xw {inm icmhpIbpq. ]mT
imebn \np ]pdp t]mIptmgpw Ah
cpsS IqsS A[ym]Im DmbncnWw.
As\bmbm No {]hrnI, aSn,
sXpI Fnhsbmpw Ah ioenp
Ibn.
I\ym\mw kw{]Zm\w N IpamcmWmw N
c Wav
2
. a\p kv ar Xn bn ep Cu hN \
ns XmXv]cyw CXmWv ""Aphbsm,
Fp hbsm Ign BIpnItfbpw
s]IpnIsfbpw kzKr l n hp
hfphm ]mSn. hnZymebfntev
Abbv Ww. As\ sNm h
inmlcmWv. Fns\ tZiobamtbm
kmap Zm bn I amtbm \nbaw Dm bn cn
Ww.''
BIpnIsf BZyw kzKrln hpw
]noSv KpcpKrln hpw D]\bnWw.
A \ amtcm BNm cyt\m Bsc nepw
BIpnIpw s]IpnIpw Kmb{Xo
a{w AYtmSpIqSn D]tZinpsImSp
Ww. B a{w CXmWv:
Hmw `qcv`phx kzx
XhnXpcvhtcWyav
`cvtKm tZhky [oaln
[ntbm tbm \x {]tNmZbmXv
3
Cu a{ns {]Yamcamb "Hmav' s
AYw {]Ytammkn FgpXnbnpXv
t\mp I. C\n aqv alm hym lr Xn I fpsS
AYw Npcpndbmw.
`qx "'`qcnXn ssh {]mWx'' bx {]mWbXn
NcmfNcw PKXv k `qx kzbw`qcoizcx kIe
PKnsbpw \ne\nev]n\v B[mchpw, {]mW
t\m {]nb\pw kzbw `qhpw Bb {]mW
hmNnbmIbm `qx Cuizc\maamWv.
`phx ""`qhcnXy]m\x''bx kcvhw ZpxJa]m
\bXn tkmf]m\x ZpxJclnX\pw, Pohmm
v ZpxJhnapnsb {]Zm\w sNph
\pamb Cuizcs t]cmWv `phx FXv.
kzx ""kzcnXn hym\x'' ""tbm hnhn[w PK
Zvhym\bXn hym]vt\mXn k hym\x'' hnhn[
temIfnsepw hym]nv Fmnt\bpw
[mcWw sNp Cuizc FYw. ""`qcnXn
ssh {]mWx'' CXymZn aqp hmIy
ssXncobmcWyInephbmWv.
4
khnXpx (bx kpt\mXypev]mZbXn kcvhw
PKXv k khnXm Xky) temIsfsbmw
Dev]mZnnpIbpw Fm sFizcysfbpw
\IpIbpw sNp, tZhky (tbmZohyXn
ZohytX hm k tZhx) kIe kpJfpw
\Ip AYhm Bsc {]m]nphm Fm
hcpw B{K ln p pthm B Cuiz cs
htcWyw (hcvpacvlw) `cvKx (ipkzcq
]w) kzoIcWobhpw AXnt{ijvThpw ip
kzcq]hpw ]mh\hpw tNX\hpamb {_kz
cq ] ns (X Xv ) B ]c am m hns\ \mw
[oaln ([tc aln) [cnpp. Fns\p
]dbpp bx (PKZoizcx) khnXmhpw tZh
2 a\pkvarXn 7.152
3 bPpcvthZw36.3
4 ssXcob BcWyIw7.5
31
\pambncnp ]cammhv \x (AkvamIw)
\psS [nbx (_p ox) _pn i n Isf
{]tNmZbmXv (t{]ctbXv) t{]cnnpamdmI
s. Zpjv IrXyfn \nv amn kXv Ia
fn {]hnns FYw. ""tl! ]c
taizc! tl! knZm\kzcq]! tl! \nXy
ip_papkz`mh! tl! AP! \ncRv P\!
\ncvhnImc! tl kcvhmcyman! tl kcvhm
[mc PKZv]tX! kIe PKZpXv]mZI! tl
A\mtZ! hnizw`c! kcvhhym]n! tl Icp
Wm arXhmcnt[! khn Xpcv tZ hky Xh
btZmw `qcv`phx kzcvhtcWyw `cvtKmfkvXn
XZzbw [oaln Z[oaln [tcaln [ymtbav
hm. Ikvssa {]tbmP\mtbXy{Xmltl `K
h! bx khnXm tZhx ]ctaiztcm `h
kvamIw [nbx {]tNmZbmXv. k GhmkvamIw
]qPy D]mk\ob CjvStZthm `hXp; \m
tXmf\yw `hpeyw `htXmf[nIw N InXv
IZmNna\ymatl.'' am\hsc! kaYmcn
hv Ghpw kaY\pw, knZm\kzcq]
\pw, \nXyip_pap kz`mh\pw, Icp
WmkmKchpw, bYmtbmKyw \ymbw \Sp
h\pw P\\acWmZn tifnmh\pw,
\ncmImc\pw, kh\pw kIe ]ZmY
fpsSbpw {kjvSmhpw ]nXmhpw kh h
kvXpfpsSbpw B[mc`qX\pw, AmZn]
ZmYfm Poh Pmesf apgp h\pw
t]mjnnph\pw, kakvX sFizcybp
\pw, temI{kjvSmhpw, ipkzcq]\pw,
{]m]nphm B{Klnh\pw Bb
B ]cammhns ipamb tNX\kzcq
]s \mw [cnpamdmIWw. B PKZoiz
c \psS Bmhnepw _pnbnepw A
cymanbmbncpv \s ZpcmNmcfn \n
pw A[ a amK n \npw AIn
t{ijv Tm Nmcfnepw kXy amK nepw
{]hnnpamdmIs! B Cuizcs\b
msX asmcp hkvXphns\ \mw [ym\ncp
Xv. Fsm Atltm almt\m,
Atln\p Xpeyt\m Bcpan. \psS
{kjv Sm hpw, cmPm hpw, \ymbm [n ] Xnbpw
Atlw Xs. \apv kIehn[ kpJ
XcpXpw Atlw Xs.
C{]Imcw Kmb{Xoa{ns AYw D]
tZ in p sIm Sp n v , ktym ]m k \ bpsS
AwKfmb kv\m\w, BNa\w, {]mWmbmaw
apXemb {InbIsfmw ]TnnWw. icoc
ns _mlym h bhv ]cn ip nbpw
BtcmKyhpw DmpXpsImmWv kv\m\
n\v {]m[m\yw \InbXv. AXn\p {]amWw
a\pkvarXnbnepv.
AZv`ncvKm{XmWn ip[yn
a\x ktXy\ ip[yXn
hnZymXt]m`ymw `qXmm
_pncvmt\\ ip[yXn
5
shw sImv ico c ns _mlym h
bhfpw kXymNcWm a\pw, hnZybpw
X]kpw sImv (Fm tifpw klnp
sImv [aw A\pjvTnpXn\m) Pohm
mhpw, m\w sImv AXmbXv, ]rYnhn
Xp Sn PK Zo iz c hsc bp kIe
]ZmYtfbpw hnthNndnbpXp sImp
_pnbpw ]cnipamIpp. AXn\m `
Wn\p appXs IpfnWw. cmatXv
{]mWmbmaamWv. AXn\p {]amWambn:
""tbmKmMvKm\pjvTm\mZipntb
m\Zo]vXncmhnthIJymtXx''
6
Fp tbmK im kv {X n se
7
hN \w.
{]mWmbmaw sNp a\pjys icocnse
Aipn bnpIbpw m\w {]Iminp
Ibpw sNp p. tamw e`n p Xp hsc
Ahs Bm\w {Ian hnpsIm
ncnpw.
Zlyt [v amb am \m\mw [mXq\mw ln
bYm aemx XtY{nbmWmw Zlyt tZmjmx
{]mWky \n{KlmXv
8
kzWw apXemb temlsf Npp]gpn
m Ahbnse amen\yw \on ipamIp
Xpt]mse, {]mWmbmaw sNphs a\kv
apXemb C{nbfpsS tZmjsamw \inv
\naeamIpp. {]mWmbma hn[n C{]Imc
amWv.
{]cvZ\hn[mcWm`ymw hm {]mWky
9
in]qhw Onptm tNmdpw shhpw
5 a\pkvarXn 5. 109
6 tbmKZi\w 2.28
(tbmKmwKm\pjvTm\mZipntb...)
7 tbmKZi\w 2.52 (XXx obtX {]ImimhcWav )
8 a\pkvarXn 6.71
9 tbmKZi\w 1.34
32
]pdtp t]mIpXpt]mse {]mWhmbp
hns\ in]qhw ]pdtp hnv BImhp
{X kabw shfnbn \ntcm[np \np
I. C s\ sNp tm aqte {n bs
apI`m K tv sXsmp BIjnp
\n Ww. C s\bm bm {]mW hm bp
hns\ IqSpX kabw XSpp\nphm
Ign bpw. hnjaw A\p ` h s Sp tm hmbp
Aev ]m ev ] ambn Dn tep hen s Sp pI
]noSv AXns\ apnes an Xs ]pd
tp hnSpI As\ inbpw Cbpw
Dn S tmfw Bhn p I. B ka b
smw a\km HmwImcw P]n Ww. C{]
Imcw A\pjvTnm Bmhn\pw a\n\pw
]cnipnbpw ncXbpw e`npw.
{]mWmbmaw \mephn[apv. HmatXv
_mlyhnjbw. ZoLt\cw {]mWs\ shfn
bn \npI FYw. cmatXv B`y
cw. {]mWs\ Ignbp{X DnsemXpn
\npXpsImv B`ycw Fp ]dbp
p. aqmatXv kvXw`hrnbmWv. hmbp
hns\ bYmin kvXw`nnp \npXp
sImv kvXw`hrnsbp ]dbpp. \mem
atXv _mlym`ycmt]n bmWv. {]mW
Dn \nv ]pd tp t]mIp tm A
s\ hnSmsX AXn\p hncpambn ]pdp
\nv AI tp {]mWs\ hen p Ibpw
AI tp hcp tm, AI p \n p
XSp ]pdp \npIbpw sNpXmWv
_mlym`ychnjbw. Cs\ ]ckv]chncp
ambn {InbIf\pjvTnv {]mWmbmaw ioen
m cnsbpw KXn \nev {]mW hiK
am hp Ibpw XZzmcm a\kpw C{nb fpw
kzm[o \ am hp Ibpw sNpw. _ehpw ]pcp
jmYhp w hn v _p n Xojv Whp w
kqvahpw BhpIbpw kqvahpw ITn\hp
amb hnjb t]mepw {]bmkw IqSmsX
{Klnphm IgnbpIbpw sNpw. IqSmsX
ico n hocy hr n bp m hp Ibpw _ew,
]cm {I aw, PntX {n bXzw Fo KpW
DmhpIbpw Aev]Imew sImv kIeim
kv{Xfpw ]Tnp hbvphm IgnbpIbpw
sNpw. kv{XoIfpw C{]Imcw tbmKm`ymkw
sNtXmWv.
`Ww, hkv{X[mcWw, Ccnv, \nev]v, \S
v, kwkmcw apXemb Imcyfpw henbh
tcmSpw sNdnbhtcmSpap s]cpamddw Fn
hsbn th \nti IpnIp ]d
p sIm Sp Ww. {_ b sap IqSn
]dbp ktym]mk\bpsS {Iahpw ]Tnn
p sIm Sp Ww. BN a \ amWv AXns
BZys {Inb. IWvT\mfns NphSp hsc
Fphm F{X shw thtWm A{Xam{Xw
shwAXne[nIamhpItbm, IpdbpItbm
sNcpXvssIshbn FSpv, AXns
a[y n Npp I hv hen s Sp mWv
BN a\w sNt Xv A s\ sNbv Xm
IWvTnep I^hpw ]nhpw sXp ian
pw. ]ns {Inb amP\amWv. ayam (\
Sp hn c) A\m anIm (tam Xn c hn c) Fo
ssIhncepIfpsS Aw sImv Inepw apw
shw XfnpXns\bmWvamP\w Fp
]dbpXv .amP\w sNpXpsImv Ae
kX amdpp. AekX Cmtmgpw, shw
CsnepwamP\w sNWsan.amP\w
Ignv a{tmSpIqSn {]mWmbmaw, a\km
]cn {I aWw 'D] m\w' Cuiz c kv Xp Xn,
Cuizc{]mY\ Fo {InbIfpsS A\pjvTm
\ co Xn I fpw. ]noSv a\km t]mepw ]m]w
Nnn m Xn cn phm \p AL aj Whpw
ioenWw. Cu ktym]mk\ GIm
ev GIm{KNntmSpIqSn A\pjvTn
Ww.
A]mw kaot] \nbtXm ss\XyIw hn[n
amnXx; kmhn{Xoa]y[oboX KXzmcWyw
kamlnXx
10
ImnhnP\epsNv, kmh[m\w
Pen\Spncpv, GIm{KNn\mbn, \nXy
Iaw sNbvXv kmhn{Xn AYhm Kmb{Xoa{w
P]npIbpw AXns AYw NnnpIbpw
AX \p k cnv {]hn p Ibpw thWw.
Fm, a\km P]npXmWv Daw.
ASp A\pjvTm\w tZhbamIpp.
Antlm{Xw FpIqSn t]cp B A\p
jvTm\w hnZzmmcpsS kwkKhpw ip{iqjbpw
sImpthWw \nhlnphm. ktym]m
k\hpw Antlm{Xhpw cmhnsebpw kmbw
kybv pw am{Xta sNmhq. cm]IepIfpsS
10 a\pkvarXn 2.104
33
knthf ct Dq; thsdbn. Ipd
]w Hcp aWnqsdnepw [ym\nencnt
XmWv. tbmKnI kam[nbnencpp ]cam
m hn s\ [ym\n p Xp t]m se bmWv
ktym]mk\ sNtXpw.
kqtcym Z b n\p tij hpw, Akv X a \
n\p appamWv Antlm{Xns kabw.
Antlm{Xw sNm antem Asn
teml n tem, D] cn `mKw ]{tm ]Xn
\mtdm AwKpew Bg tm Sp Iq Sn bpw, ]{
tm ]Xn\mtdm AwKpew \ofw hoXnbn
kaNXpcnepw A{Xbpw AwKpew, Bgtm
SpIqSnbpw aqtm \mtem AwKpew hoXw \ofw
hoXnbn kaNXpcamb ASntmSpIqSnbpw
Hcp thZn \nantXmWv. kaNXpcamb
thZnbpsS apI`mKns \mensemmbn
cnWw ASnns henw. Cu tXmX\p
kcnv thZnbpsS Afhp IWmWw. thZn
bn N\w, miv, amhv apXemb t{ijvThr
fpsS XSnjW apdnv thZnbpsS hen
n \ \p k cnv IjW fmbn ]Sp p I.
AXns ayn An Pzennv AXns
apIfn sNdnb hndIpIjW hbvpI.
AXns tijw, kzWw sImtm, shn
sImtm acwsImtm \nan Hcp t{]m
Wo]m{Xw, Hcp {]WoXm]m{Xw, Hcp BPym
en, Hcp {kphw Fo tlma]m{XsfSpv
{] WoXm]m{X n epw t{]m Wo ]m {X
nepw shhpw BPymenbn Dcpnb
s\pw \nd p sh bv p I. {]Wo Xm ]m{Xw
shw \ndpshphm\pXpw t{]mWo
]m{Xw AXn\np ssI Igp Ip hm \mbn
shw FSpphm kuIcyn\p thnbp
Xp am Ip p. CsXmw Hcp n sh tijw
s\v NqSp ]n Sn nv AXns\ \ hw ]cn
tim [nv
Xmsg ]d bp a{ sNmn tlman
pI
Hmw `qctb {]mWmb kzmlm. `phcvhm
bthf]m\mb kzmlm. kzcmZnXymb hym\m
b kzmlm. `qcv`phx kzcnhmbzmZntXy`yx
{]mWm]m\hymt\`yx kzmlm.
Antlm{Xn\p {]tXyIambn hn[n
s n p Cu a{ fn Hmtcm n t\bpw
sNmn Hmtcm BlpXn hoXw sNpI. AXn
e[nIw BlpXn sNWsapsn
hnizm\n tZh khnXcvZpcnXm\n ]cm
kph bZv `{ZwX B kph
11
F a{w sImtm apsNm Kmb{Xo
a {w sImtm tlmanp I. ""Hmw `qx''
""{]mWx'' FpXpSnbp Cu \masfmw
Cuizcs\ IpdnpXmWv. ChbpsS AYw
]dpIgnp. kzmlmbpsS AYw CXm
Wv AhchcpsS Adnhn\p X hw kwkm
cnWw. hn]coXambn ]mSn. temIn
ImWp kIe ]ZmYtfbpw Cuizc
kh{]mWnIfpsSbpw kpJn\mbn krjvSn
Xpt]mse a\pjycpw ]tcm]Imcw sNt
XmWv.
tNmZyw: tlmaw sImv Fp]tbmKam
Wp f fXv ?
Dcw: ZpKap hmbphpw shhpw
tcmKImcWamsWpw tcmK PohnIv
Zp:Japfhmpsapw Fmhpadnbmw. AXp
11 bPpcvthZw 30.3
34
t]mse kpKap hmbphpw \ Pehpw
a\pjyv BtcmKyw \Ipp. tcmKanm
Xmbm Zp:JanmXmIpw. Zp:JanmXmbm
kpJw {]m]vXamWv.
tNmZyw: N\w Bsnepw Acp]p
cphm\pw s\v Ignm\pw sImSppXt
{]tbmP\{]Zw? Xonenp \innpXv
_pnbphp tNcpImcyamtWm?
Dcw \nv {]IrXn Xzimkv{Xw
Adnbmsan Cs\ ]dbpIbnmbncpp.
Hcp ]ZmYhpw \inpt]mIpn. t\mq!
tlmaw sNp ep \np hfsc Zpsc
\npbmfn\v AXns kpKw e`np
p. AXpt]mse ZpKhpw Adnbphm Ign
bpw. CXn\nv a\knemtXv, tlmam
n bn \nt ]n hkv Xp kqv a ambn
Xov \mep ]mSpw hym]n v , hmbp hn eqsS
]cv ZpKsamw \innppshmWv.
tNmZyw As\bmsWn Ippaqhv,
IkvXqcn, aWap ]pjv], A apX
embh hon kqnphm Ah hon
ep hmbphns\ kpKbphpw kpJ
{]ZhpampInt?
D cw Ah bpsS kuc `y n\v Krlm
`mKs Zpjn hmbphns\ ]pdmn
iphmbphns\ AItp {]thinnp
hm inbn. Ahbvv t`ZIin Cm
XmWv Imc Ww. Zpjn hmbp hn s\bpw
ZpK bp amb hkv Xp sfbpw t`Znv
eLqIcnv ]pdmn ]pdp iphmbp
hn s\ AI tp { ]th in n p hm
Anp am{Xta kmaYyapq.
tNmZyw Fn tlmaw sNp tm
a{w sNmpXpsImv FmWv {]tbm
P\w?
D cw a{mY hym Jym \ n \nv
tlmaw sNp Xp sIm p êw Fm
sWv a\ n em Ip p. IqSmsX a{
BhnpP]npXpsImv Ah lrZn
amIpIbpw thZfpsS A[yb\w, A[ym
]\w, kwcWw Fnh \SpIbpw sNp
p.
tNmZyw tlmaw sNmXncpm ]m]w
Dtm?
Dcw Dv. Hcphs icocn \nv
F{X tmfw ZpKw Dm bn, hmbp hn
hym]nv, hmbphnt\bpw Pent\bpw Zpjn
nv tcmtKm ev ] np Imc W am bn, Pohn
Ip ZpxJ ap m p pthm A{X tmfw
]m]w B a\pjy\pv. B ]m]ns ]cn
lmcn\v, aen\amnb{Xtmfw hmbphpw
Pehpw ip am Ww. s\v , Ign p
XpsImv Ignph\p am{Xta {]tbmP\
apffq. Hcph `np{X s\pw kpK
{Zhyfpw tlmanm AXpsImv ]cew
P\v D]Imcw Dmhpw. Fm s\pw
ap \ ]ZmYfpw `nmh v tZl
_ehpw B_ehpw DmhpIbn. AXn
\m \ ]ZmY XnpIbpw IpSnp
Ibpw sNWw. ]t AXpsImv tlmaw
sNpXv hfscb[nIw DNnXambnpXm
Wv. AXn\m tlmaw sNpXv AXymhiyw
Xs.
tNmZyw Hmtcm a\pjy\pw F{X BlpXn
hoXw sNWw? Hmtcm Blp Xn bptSbpw
Afhv FmbncnWw?
D cw Hmtcm a\p jy\pw ]Xn \mdv
BlpXn hoXw tlmanWw. Hmtcm Blp
Xnpw Bdp amSnqw s\pw addp {Zhy
fpw thWw. AXne[nIw Dmbm hfsc
\v. BcyP\mt{Kkcmcpw alpfpamb
Ejnam, aljnam, cmPmm almcmPm
m Fnhscmw hfsc tlma \S
pIbpw \SnpIbpw sNbvXncpXv AXn
\memWv. tlmaw sNp k{Zmbw \ne\n
ncp Imew hsc Bcymhw tcmKcln
Xhpw kpJ ]qW hp am bn cp p. Ctmgpw
tlma n\v {]Nmcw Dm Ip Xm bm
Aw `hnpw.
Cs\ cv b, AYhm {_b
w ]Tnw, ]Tnn, ktym]mk
\, Cuiz c kv Xp Xn, {]mY \, D]m k \,
Fnh sNp I. cm as tZh b w
Antlm{Xw apX Aizta[w hscbp
b fpw hnZzm m cpsS ip{iq jbpw
k hpw B Wp Xv . {_ N cym {i a
n {_bhpw Antlm{Xhpw am{Xw
A\pjvTnm aXn.
{_mWkv{XbmWmw hcvW\map]\b\w
IcvpacvlXn. cmPt\ym Zzbky. sshtiym
35
sshiy ssky th Xn. ip{Z a]n Ipe Kp W k
w a{hcvPa\p]\oXa[ym]tbZntXytI.
Cu hN\w kp{ipXs kq{Xm\n
cm as A[ym b n ep Xm Wv . {_m
W\v aqp hW sfbpw ({_m W,
{Xn b, sshiy Fo aqp hW
tfbpw) {Xn b\v {Xn b ssh iy m
scbpw sshiy\v sshiys\ am{Xhpw D]\
b\w sNbvXp ]TnnmhpXmWv. Ipeo\\pw
ipèWfph\pamb iq{Zs\ a{kw
lnXsbmgnsIbp kIe imkv{Xfpw ]Tn
nmw. Fm iq{Zs\ D]\bncpXv. C{]
Imcam Wv BNmcymcpsS aXw.
Amas hbkntem Asn Fm
as hbkntem BIpnIfpw s]Ipn
Ifpw Ahchp ]mTimebn tNcWw.
Fnv Xmsg]dbp \nbaa\pkcnv A[y
b\w Bcw`ntXmWv.
jSv {Xnw i Zm_v ZnIw Ncbyw Kpscu
ss{XsshZnIw {hXw; XZcv[nIw ]mZnIw hm
{KlWmnItah hm
12
.
Fmas hbkn XpSn \mev]n\m
emas hbkphsc, aqp thZfpXn
Hmtcmpw kmwtKm]mwKw ]Tnphm Hmtcm
hymg hw hoXw ap n bmdp sIm m ew,
{_Ncyw A\pjvTntXmWv. Asn
]Xns\p kwhcw AXmbXv Fp apX
Ccp ]mdp hbkphscAXpasn H
XpsImmesanepw {_Ncyw A\pjvTn
Ww. AYhm ]qW hnZym{KlWn\mh
iyamb A{Xbpw Imew {_Ncyw A\pjvTn
Ww.
1. ]pcptjm hmh bkv Xky bm\n
NXpcvhnwiXn hcvjmWn XXv{]mXx kh\w,
NXpcvhnwiXycm Kmb{Xo Kmb{Xw {]mXx
kh\w, XZky hkthmf\zmbmx {]mWm
hmh hkh GtX loZw kcvhw hmkbn.
2. XttZXkvan hbkn InnZp]X
t] {_qbmXv{]mWm hkh CZw ta {]mXx
kh\w am[yn\w kh\a\pkwX\ptXXn
amlw {]mWm\mw hkq\mw at[y btm
hntem]vkotbXypssh XX GXyKtZm l
`hXn.
3. AY bm\n NXpXzmcnwiZzcvjmWn
Xm[yn\w kh\w NXpXzmcnwiZcm
{Xnjv Sp]v ss{Xjv Sp`w am[y n\w kh\w
XZky cp{Zm A\zmbmx {]mWm hmh cp{Zm
GtX loZw kcvhw tcmZbn.
4. Xw tNtZ X kv an \z bkn Inn Zp ] X
t] {_qbmXv{]mWm cp{Zm CZw ta am[y
n\w kh\w XrXob kh\ a\p k \p
tXXn amlw {]mWm\mw cp{ZmWmw at[y
btm hntem ]v ko tb Xyp ssh XX
GXyKtZm l `hXn.
5. AY bm\yjv SmNXzmcniwZzcv jmWn XXv
XrXobkh\ajvSmNXzmcniZcm PKXo
PmK Xw Xr Xob kh\w XZ kym Zn Xym
\zmbmx {]mWm hmhmZnXym GtX loZw
kcvhamZZtX.
6. Xw tNtZXkvan hbkn InnZp]X
t] {_qbmXv {]mWm BZnXym CZw ta
XrXobkh\ ambpc\pkwX\ptXXn amlw
{]mWm\mamZnXym\mw at[y btm hntem
]vkotbXypssh XX GXyKtZm sslh
`hXn
Cu hmIy OmtmtKym]\njnep
hbmIpp
13
.
{_Ncyw I\njvTw, a[yaw, Daw Fn
s\ aqp hn[nemWv.
1. Ahbn I\njvTamb {_Ncyw C{]Imc
am Wv . ]pcp j AYhm A c k a b amb
tZlhpw B tZl n IpSn sIm p
Bmhpw bamIpp. AXmbXv kXvKpW
tfmSp IqSnbXpw kXvIhyhpamIpp
FYw. AXn\m B ]pcpj Xs Bbp
kn 24 hbkp XnI bp Xp hsc PntX {n
b\pw {_Nmcnbpw Bbncpv thZmZn hnZy
I tfbpw thpw h ap in Whpw
{Klnv hnhmlw sNbvXmepw kv{XoeS\m
ImsX Ignbphm ioenWw. As\ sNp
bmfns {]mW _eaphbmbn, KpW
kqambn `hnpw.
2. hnZym`ymkn\v X]kp sNp {_
Nmcn A[ym]I D]ttZinpw ]Sn i]Yw
12 a\pkvarXn 3.1 13 OmtymKy D]\njXv 3.16.1
36
sNbvXv {hXsaSpWw. ""Rm Cu BZyhb
kn Ap ]dbpXpt]mse {_Ncya\p
jvTnv Fs icocn\pw Bmhn\pw Btcm
Kyhpw _ehpw ssIhcpn kIe kZvKpW
pw CcnnSamIpw. Fs {_Ncyn\v
tem]w hcmhn[n \n \nfpsS
kpJsf hnnpsImpI. 24 hbkp
XnIXn\p tijw hnhmlw sNbvXv Krl
m{iaw kzoIcnpXmbm tcmKclnX
\m bn cn m sapw Bbpv Fgp ]tXm
F]tXm sImtmfw \op \npsa
pXpw {]knamWtm.
3. a[ya{_Ncyw C{]ImcamWv GsXmcp
a\pjy 44 hbp IgnbpXphsc {_Nm
cnbmbncppw sImv thZm[ymb\w sNp
pthm Ahs {]mW \pw, C{nb fpw,
Ax I c W hpw, Bmhpw Fmw ]pjv Sn
{]m]nv, ZpjvSsc IcbnnpXpw injvSsc
]cn]menphbpw BIpw.
4. \n ]dbpwhw Cu {]Yahbkn
Rm Ipdv X]k\pjvTnm cp{Zcq]amb
{]mWt\mSpIqSnb {_Ncyw F\nv ssIh
cpw. AXn\m Atbm {_NmcnItf, {_
Ncys hnnpI. Fs Ncybvp `wKw
hcpmsX bkzcq]\mbn BNmcyIpe
n\np aS n hv tcmK c ln X \mbn
hnpamdmIWw. Fstmse \ Iaw
\nfpw sNbvI.
5. aqmas Da {_Ncyns Imew
48 kwh c am Wv . PKXo F Okv 48
AcfpXmWv. AXpt]mse \mep hymg
hw bYmhn[n {_Ncyw A\pjvTnpbm
fns {]mW A\pIqeambn kIe hnZym{K
lWw km[yampp.
6. Kpcp mcpw amXm ]n Xm m cpw, X
fpsS injymcpw km\fpw hnZzmmcpw
KpWhmmcpamIhw Ahsc {]Yah
bn X]kznIfmpIbpw {_Ncyw A\p
jvTnm D]tZinpIbpw sNs. injy
mcpw km\fpw apSw Cm {_
Ncyw A\pjvTnv aqmas Da{_N
cy{hXs apgpannv ]qWambAXmbXv
400 sIms Bbpkns\ {]m]ns. \n
fpw As\ Bbpns\ hnnpsIm
pI. {_Ncy{hXw ssIsmv, AXn\v
tem]w hcp msX cn p h tcmK an
msX Pohnv [amYIatam t\Sp
p.
NXkvt{Xmfhmx icocky hrncv bu
h \w kqcvWXm InnXv ]cnlmWnt
Xn. BtjmUimZv hrnx. B ]hnwitXcv
buh\w. BNXzmcnwiXx kqcvWXm XXx
InnXv]cnlmWntXn. ]hnwti XtXm
hcvtj ]pam \mcoXp tjmUti kaXzm
KX hocyu Xu Pm\obmXv Ipitem `nj
Iv .
14
Ch kp{ipXnse kq{Xm\n ap
m a ym b n ep h bm Wv . Cu ico c
n\v \mev AhIfpXn BZytXv
hrn BIpp. ]Xn\mdmas hbkp apX
Ccp]mas hbkp hsc icocnse
[mXpsfmw hfsb {]m]npsImncn
p p. cm as Ah buh\ am Wv .
AXv Ccp]nbmw hbkns Ahkm\
ntam Ccp ] n bmdmw hbkns XpS
ntem Bcw `n p p. aqm as Ah
sb kqWX Fp ]dbpp. buh\m
cw`tmSpIqSn XpSp icoc]pjvSn ]qW
amIpXv 40 hbkp XnIbptmgmWv. \mem
as Ah bmWv Inn ]cnlmWn
Fp ]dbpXv. AXv \mev]Xmas hbkp
XnIbptXmSpIqSn XpSpp. kIe [mXp
fpw kmwtKm]mwKw ]qWhf {]m]np
I gn m ]no Sp m Ip hf ico c
n \npIbn. B hf ([mXphrn)
kz]v \w, tkzZw Fnh hgn ]pd tp
t]mhpItb Dq. B \mev]Xmw hbkmWv
hnhmln\v DaImew. \mev]smw hb
mIs AXypa ImehpamWv.
tNmZyw {_Ncys kw_n Cu
\nbaw kv{XoIpw ]pcpjmpw Hcp
t]mse _m[IamtWm?
Dcw: A. ]pcpj 25 hbkp hsc {_
Ncyw ]men p Xm bm kv {Xo 16 hbkp
hscbpw ]pcpj 30 hbkphscsbn kv{Xo
17 hbkphscbpw ]pcpj 36 hbphscbm
14 kp{ipXkq{Xm\w 35/25 Ctm e_v[amb
kq{Xm\]mTw `namWv. kp{ipXs Hcp hr
]mThpw Dmbncpp hrkp{ipXs At\I ]mT
{]mNo\ {Kfn DZv[rXamWv.
37
sWn kv{Xo 18 hbkp hscbpw ]pcpj
40 hbkp hscbmsWn kv{Xo 20 hbp
hscbpw ]pcpj 44 hbkp hscbmsWn
kv{Xo 22 hbkphscbpw ]pcpj 48 hbkp
h sc bm sW n kv {Xo 24 hb kp h scbpw
{_Ncyw ]menWw. 48 hbp Ignm
]ns ]pcp j\pw 24 Ign m ]ns
kv {Xobpw {_ Ncyw A\p jv Tn t s
Yw. Fm Cu ]d \nbaw hnhmlw
sNphm Dtinp kv{Xo]pcpjmp
XmWv. hnhmlw sNm B{Klanm
h, Ignbpsan BPoh\mw {_Ncyw
]men p Xv \ Xp X s bmWv Fm
]qWsshZpjyhpw PntX{nbXzhpw \nae
amb tbmKknnbpw D kv{Xo]pcpjmp
am{Xta CXp km[nq. Imamthis ASn
C{nb sf \nb {np \np Xv AXn
ZpjvcamWv.
EXw N kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
kXyw N kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
X]ivN kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
Za kzm[ymb {]hNt\ N.
ia kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
Ab kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
Antlm{X kzm[ymb {]hNt\ N.
AXnYb kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
am\pjw N kzm[ymb {]hNt\ N.
{]Pm N kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
{]P\ kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
{]PmXn kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
Cu hmIy ssXcotbm]\njnep
h bm Wv
15
. A[y b\w sNp hpw
A[ym ]\w sNp hp ap \n ba
fmWnh. (EXw) A[yb\hpw A[ym]\hpw
bYmYamb BNmctmSpIqSn sNtXm
Wv. (kXyw) kXyamNcnpsImv kXyhnZy
I f `y kn p Ibp w A`y kn n p Ibp w
sNtXmWv . (X ]x) X] kzn bm bn cpv
([am\pjvTm\w sNbvXpsImv) thZmZnim
kv{X ]TnpI. ]TnnpI (Zax) _mtly
{nbsf ZpcmNmcfn \nv \ntcm[np
\nnsmp ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw
sNpI. (iax) NnhrnIsf kIehn[
tZmjfn \npw ZpcoIcnv ]TnpI, ]Tn
n p I. (A bx) Bl h \n bmZn An I
tfbpw an apXembhtbbpw Adnv hnZy
I A`y kn p Ibpw A`y kn n p Ibpw
sNWw (A n tlm {Xw) An tlm{Xw
sNbvXpsImvv ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw
sNWw. (AXnYbx) AXnYnIsf kcn
psImv ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw sN
Ww. (am \p jw) a\p jyp tbmKy amb
euInI hyhlmcsf bYmhn[n \nhln
psImv ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw sN
Ww. ({]Pm) km\sfbpw cmPytbpw
]cn ]m en p sImv ]Tn p Ibpw ]Tn n p
Ibpw sNWw. ({]P\x) hocys cnp
Ibpw hnnpIbpw sNbvXpsImv ]Tn
p I, ]Tn n p I. ({] Pm Xnx) kzk m\
tfbpw injy hK tbpw ]cn ]m en p
sImv ]Tnbpw ]TnnpIbpw sNt
XmWv.
bam tkthX kXXav
\ \nbam tIhem _p[x
16
bam ]XXyIpcvhmtWm
\nbam tIhem `P.
17
X{XmlnwkmkXymkvtXb
{_Ncym]cn{Klm bamx.

18
baw Ap hn[amWv. (Alnwk) Hcp Pohn
tbmSpw sshcanmXncnpI. (kXyw) Nn
bnepw hmnepw Ianepw kXys ]men
pI. (BkvtXbw) a\km hmNm IaWm
Ifhp ImmXncnpI. ({_Ncyw) D]t
{nb kwbaw, (A]cn{Klw) AXym{Klhpw
XtsXv A`nam\hpanmXncnpI Fo
Av basf kZm A\pjvTnWw.
iuNktmjX]xkzm[ymtbizc{]Wn[m
\m\n \nbamx
19
(iuNw) ipNnXzw (ktm
jw) {]kXtbmsS sXmgnsempanmsX
bn cn p X, Ign bp {X ]cn {i anv em`
\jvSfpmIptm B\npItbm ZpxJn
pItbm sNmXncnpXmWv ktmjw.
(X]x) IjvSspw [manI Iaf\pjvTn
pI. (kzm[ymbw) ]Tnbpw ]TnnpIbpw
15 ssXcob D]\njXv inmhn A\p. 9.1
16 a\pkvarXn
""\ \nXyw \nbam _p[x'' Fp ]mTw
17 a\pkvarXn4.204
18 tbmKZi\w2.30
19 tbmKZi\w2.32
38
sNp I, (Cu iz c {] Wn [m \w) Cuiz c t\m
Sp `n hn ti j m kzbw Cuiz c k
aWw sNbvI Fo AmWv \nba.
bafnmsX \nba A\pjvTncpXv.
ba \nba cnt\bpw A\pjvTnWw.
basf XyPnv \nba am{Xw A\pjvTn
ph\v A`ypZba, At[mKXnbmWpm
hpI.
ImamXm \ {]ikvXm \
ssNthlmkvXyImaXm;
Imtaym ln thZm[nKax
IcvatbmK sshZnIx
20
henb AXym{Klhpw Xosc \jvImaXbpw
Bpw t{ijvTa. ipta \njvIma\mbm
thZmZnIfpsS A[yb\hpw sshZnI kXvIa
fpsS A\pjvTm\hpw \SmsX hcpw. AXn
\m
kzm[ymtb\ {hssXcvtlmssa
kvss{XhntZyt\Pybm kpssXx
almbss bss
{_mobw {InbtX X\px.
21
(kzm[ymtb\) kIe hnZyIfpw ]Tnp
Ibpw ]TnnpIbpw sNpI. ({hssXx) {_
Ncyw kXy`m jWw XpS nb \nba
]men p I. (tlm ssax) An tlm{Xw apX
emb tlma sNpI. kXys ssIsm
p I, Ak Xys XyPn p I, kXy hn Zym
Zm\w (ss{X hn tZy \) thZ {] Xn ]m Zn X amb
Itam]mk\, m\w, hnZym{KlWw (CPy
bm) ]wtXmdpw sNt CjvSn apXem
bh sNpI (kpssXx) kmt\mXv]mZ\w
(almbssx) {_bw tZhbw,
]nXrbw sshiztZhw AXnYn]qP Fo
] a lm b sf A\p jv Tn p I. (b
ssx) AnjvtSmaw XpSnb A[zcfpw
inev]hnZymhnm\w apXemb bfpw
\SpI. Fo Iasfsmv \psS
icocw {_mnAYhm thZnsbpw Cuiz
c ` n bp sSbpw B[m c amb {_m W i co c
ambn `hnpp. Cdh apgph\panmsX
{_mWicocw kw`hya.
C{nbmWmw hnNcXmw hnjtbjz]lm
cnjp kwbta bXv \ am Xnjv tT ZznZzm
bth hmPn\mw.
22
(a\pkvarXn) a\kn
t\bpw Bmhnt\bpw ZpjvIrXyfntev
sImpt]mIp hnjbfn hnNcnp
C{nbsf kaY\mb kmcYn IpXncIsf
]nSnp \npXpt]mse, \nebvp \np
Xn\v Fm {]bXv\fpw sNWw. Fs
m
C{nbmWmw {]kwtK\ tZmjarXykw
ibw knbay Xp Xmt\yh XXx knnw
\nbXn
23
(a\pkvarXn) Pohmmhv C{nb
v ASn a s p t]m bm \n b ambpw
almtZmjsf {]m]npw. C{nbsf kzh
iKamnbm am{Xta Pohmmhv knnsb
{]m]npIbpq.
thZm kv Xym K bm \nb am
X]mwknN, \ hn{]ZpjvS`mhky knnw K
n Icv ln Nn Xv .
24
Zpcm Nm cnbpw C{nb
fpsS ASnabpw Bbh\v thZ, XymKw,
bw, \nbaw, X]kv, kXvIa Ch
sbmpw Hcnepw knnpIbn.
thtZm]IctW ssNh kzm[ymtb ssNh
ss\XytI \m\ptcmt[mfkvXy\[ymtb tlm
aat{jp ssNh ln. ss\XytI \mkvXy\
[ymtbm {_k{Xw ln XXv kvarXw; {_m
lpXnlpXw ]pWya\[ymb hjSvIrXw
25
(a\pkvarXn) thZ A`yknpIbpw A`y
knnpIbpw sNpI, ktym]mk\ XpS
nb ] a lm b A\p jv Tn p I,
tlma a{ D cn pI Fn hbv v
apSw (HgnhvAh[n) B{KlncpXv. Fs
m \nXyIav Ah[nbn. izmtkm
zmk Fm bv t]mgpw sNp p v .
AXns\ XS p \np hm Ign bp I bn .
AXpt]mse Xs \nXyIapw apSw
]mSn. Fsm, apSZnhkfn An
tlm{Xw XpSnb kXvIa sNbvXm
AXv ]pWy ambn ]cn W an m Xn cn n .
AkXyw ]d m ]m]hpw kXyw ]d
m ]pWyhpw Fmbvt]mgpw DmIp
20 a\pkvarXn 2.2
21 a\pkvarXn 2.28
22 a\pkvarXn 2.88
23 a\pkvarXn 2.93
24 a\pkvarXn 2.97
25 a\pkvarXn 2.105106
39
Xpt]mse Xs ZpjvIrXy sNpXn\v
Fmbvt]mgpw apShpw kXvIa apS
anmsX A\pjvTntXpamWv.
A`n hm Z \ io eky \nXyw hrtm ] tk
hn\x; NXzmcn Xky hcvt BbphnZym
btim _ew
26
(a \pkv arXn) hn\ b ap
s]cp am w, hnZym hr msc ip{iq jn pI
Fo kz`mh fp h\v Bbp kv , hnZy,
Ion, _ew Fo \mepw kZm hnp
sImncnpw. Amh\v Ah \mepw hn
pIbn.
Alnwkssbh `qXm\mw Imcyw t{itbm
f\p im k\w; hmIv ssNh a[p cm v Wm
{]tbmPym [cvaanXm bky hmMva\tk
27
ipt kayp]v tX N kcvhZm k ssh kcv
hahm]vt\mXn thZmtm]KXw êw.
28
(a\pkvarXn) hnZzmmcpw hnZymYnIfpw sshc
_pnsb XyPnv, kIepw awKfIcamb
amK D]tZinWw. As\ D]tZin
p Xv kuay ambpw a[p c ambpw Bbn
cnWw. [ans DXn B{Klnp
h kZm kXy]Yn NcnpIbpw kXyw
am{Xw D]tZinpIbpw sNWw. iphpw
kpc n X hp amb hmpw a\kpw D h
thZm s A Yhm thZ fpsS sbmw
knm`qXamb ês{]m]npp.
km \mZv {_mtWm \nXy ap Zzn tPX
hnjmZnh AarXtkyh NmImMvtZham
\ky kcv h Zm.
29
A\y m cn\np e`n
p _lpam\s kZm hnjXpeyw `b
sSpIbpw A]am\s AarXXpeyw IcpXp
Ibpw sNp {_mW am{Xta Cuizc
s\bpw thZsfbpw ]qWambn AdnbpI
bpq.
At\\ {Ia tbm tK\ kwkv Ir Xmm
ZznPx iss\x; Kpcu h k kwNn \p bmZv
{_m[nKanIw X]x.
30
Cs\ D]\bnv
ZznP\mnb _vNmcnbmb Ipamc\pw {_
NmcnWnbmb I\yIbpw thZmYm\cq]
amb DaX]ns\ {ItaW BPnv hn
n Ww.
tbmf\[oXy ZzntPm thZa\y{X IpcptX
{iaw k Poh th ip{Z Xz amip KXn
km\zbx
31
thZm[yb\w sNmsX CXc
hnjb fn ]cn {iaw \S p ]pcp j
Xs ]p{X]u{XmtcmSp IqSn iq{ZXzs
io{Lw {]m]npXmWv.
1. hcv P tb [pamwk Kw ameyw
ckm kv{Xnbx ipm\n bm\n kcvhmWn
{]mWn\mw ssNh lnwk\av
2. A`yMvKaRvP\w NmvtWmcp]m\
{X[mcWw, Imaw t{Im[w N tem`wN \cv
\w KoXhmZ\av
3. ZyqXw N P\hmZw N ]cnhmZw XYmf\r
Xav kv{XoWmw N t{]Wmewàp]LmXw
]cky N.
4. GIx iboX kh{X \ tcXx kvI
tbXv Iz NnXv , Imamn kv I btctXm
ln\kvXn {hXam\x
32
1. {_Nmcnbpw {_NmcnWnbpw aZyw,
amwkw,. kpK {Zhy , ame, ck
kv{Xo]pcpjkwKaw, ]pfnbp hkvXp,
Pplnwk,
2) Xncp, ImcWanmsX D]t{nb
kv]i\w, Isgpv, sNcpv, IpS, Imaw,
t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, `bw, timIw,
Cujy, tZzjw, \rw, kwKo Xw, hmZy
tLmjw
3) NqXpIfn, ]cZqjWw, ]c`mjWw, Ak
Xy`mjWw, kv{Xo]pcpjmcpsS ]ckv]cap
Zi \ kv ]i\ , ]c ]oU apX emb
ZpjvIa, Fnhsbmw XyPnWw.
4) GImInbmbn Xs InSpdWw. Hcn
epw ips kvJennp IfbcpXv. Imaw
\nanw hocys kvJennph, If
bph Xs {_Ncy{hXs \innp
s dn b Ww.
thZ a\q Nym Nm tcymft hm kn \ a \pim
kvXn. kXyw hZ. [cvaw Nc. kzm[ymbmm
26 a\pkvarXn 2.121
27 a\pkvarXnbn hmMva\kn FmWv ]mTw
28 a\pkvarXn 2.159 & 160
29 a\pkvarXn 2.162
30 a\pkvarXn 2.164
31 a\pkvarXn 2.168
32 a\pkvarXn 2.180
40
{]aZx. BNmcymb {]nbw [\amlrXy {]Pm
Xpw am hy h tXv kox kXym {]aZn
Xhyw. [cvam {]aZnXhyw. Ipiem {]a
ZnXhyw. `qssXy \ {]aZnXhyw. kzm[ymb
{]hN\m`ymw \ {]aZnXhyw. tZh]nXrIm
cym`ymw \ {]aZnXhyw.
amXrtZthm `h ]nXrtZthm `h BNmcy
tZthm `h AXnYn tZthm `h bm\y\hZym\n
Icv amWn Xm\n tkhnX hym\n t\m CX
cmWn, bm\y kv amIw kpN cn Xm\n Xm\n
Xztbm ]m kym\n t\m CX cm Wn. tb tI
Nmkv atbmwtkm {_m Wm kv tXjmw
Xzbmkt\\ {]izknXhyw, {ibm tZbw
A{ibm tZbw. {inbm tZbw, {lnbm tZbw,
`nbm tZbw, kwhnZm tZbw, AY bZn tX
IahnNnInm hm hrhnNnInm hm
kymXv. tb X{X {_mWmx kaZcvint\m
bpm Abpm Aeqm [cvaImamx kyp
cyYm tX X{X hcvtc. XYm X{X hcvt
Ymx Gj BtZi (Gj D] tZi) Gjm
thtZm]\njXv. GXZ\pimk\w. Ghap]m
knXhyw GhapssNXZp]mkyw.
33
BNmcy Xs AthmknIfmb injy
mpw injyIpw\tI D]tZiam
WnXv Fmbvt]mgpw kXyw ]dbpI. [aw
BNcnpI. ZNn\mbncpv A[y\hpw
A[ymb]\hpw sNpI. ]qWamb {_N
cy tm Sp IqSn kI e hn Zy Ifpw A`y knv
BNmcy\v CjvSamb [\w D]lmcw \In
bnv, hnhmlw sNbvXv kmt\m]mZ\w \S
pI. {]amZw (A {i ) sImv Hcn epw
kXys XyPncpXv. {]amZm [as
Dt] n cp Xv . {]am Z m Btcm Kyhpw
NmXpcyhpw ssIhnScpXv. Daamb sFizcyw
hnnpXnepw {]amZw hccpXv. {]amZw
sImv A[y b \m [ym ]\ sf Hcn epw
XyPncpXv. tZhmcpsS (hnZzmmcpsS)bpw
amXm]nXmmcpsSbpw ip{iqjbn {]amZw
hccpXv. hnZzmmsc Bcm[npXpt]mse
Xs A\amtcbpw Kpcphnt\bpw AXn
Yntbbpw Fmbvt]mgpw ]qPnpI. \ntj[
anmXpw [abphpamb kXvIa
sNpI. hn]coXamb anYymkw`mjWfpw
apw sNcpXv. Rfn kXvkz`mhfp
hsb kzoIcnpI. Zpxkz`mhsf Hcnepw
kzoIcncpXv. RfpsS Iqnep hnZzm
mcpw [an jv T cp amb hn{] t{i jv T m cpsS
ASp sNncnpIbpw Ahsc hnizkn
pIbpw sNpI. {itbmSpIqSn Zm\w sImSp
Ww. A{itbmSpIqSn Zm\w sNWw. apJ
{]kmZtmSpIqSn sImSpWw. etbmSp
IqSn sImSpWw. `btmSpIqSn sImSp
Ww. {]XntbmSpIqSnbpw sImSpWw. \n
v Ftmsgnepw Iantem, BNmc
n tem, D]m k \ bn tem, hnm \ ntem
h kwibhpwDmbm kaZinIfpw ]
]mXclnXcpw, tbmKnItfm, AtbmKnItfm
Bbnphcpw B{ZNncpw [ammfpw
[an jv STcp am b h kz oI cn p
[aamKs Ah ew _n p sIm Ww.
CXmWv B, CXmWv D]tZiw, CXpXs
bmWv thZ ns D] \n j v , CXp X s
bmWv inWhpw, CXpXsbmWv s]cpam

34
kwlnXbpw. Ah\hs s]cpams
ipoIcnphm\p amKhpw.
AImaky {Inbm ImNnZv ZriytX t\l
IcvlnNnXv. bZyn IpcptX InnXv XXv
Imaky tNjvSnXav.
35
\njv Im a \mb ]pcp js t\{X v
ktmNhnImk DmhpI Akw`mhy
am Wv . AXn \m Bsc nepw Fs nepw
{]hn p p s n AsXmw kIm a
amb (CtbmSpIqSnb) tNjvSIfmWv. Cbn
msX {]hrnbn.
BNmc ]ctam [cvax {ipXypx kvamcv
Gh N. XkvamZkvan\vkZm bptm \n
Xyw kymZmhm ZznPx. BNmcmZznNyptXm
hnt{]m \ thZêaiv\ptX, BNmtcW Xp
kwbpx kqcvWê`mKv `thXv
36
]dbpI, tIpI, ]dptInpI,
]TnnpI, CXnssbmw êw thZfnepw
thZm\pIqeamb kvarXnIfnepw {]Xn]mZnn
p, [asf BNcnpIbmWv. AXn\m
33 ssXcob D]\njXv inmhn 11.14
34 thZns D]\njXv = thZns ASpp
\np e`np m\w
35 a\pkvarXn 2.4
36 a\pkvarXn 1.108 109
41
[am \p jv Sm \ n kZm Xev ] c \m bn cn
Ww. 2) [as bYmhn[n A\pjvTnm
h\v thZ {] Xn ]m ZnX [a n \np
mIp kpJêw e`y a . hnZym `ymkw
Ignv [amNcWw sNph\t{X kq
kpJs {]m]npXv.
tbmfhat\yX tX aqte tlXpimkv{Xm
{ibmZv ZznPx. k km[p`ncv_lnjvImtcym
\mkvXntIm thZ\nIx
37
thZtfbpw, thZm\pIqefpw B]vX]p
cp j m Fgp Xn b Xp amb imkv {X tfbpw
\nnp \mkv Xn I m cmb thZ \n Isc
\mn \npw, PmXnbn \npw Iqn
\npw ]pdwXffWw. Fsm
{ipXnx
38
kv arXnx kZm Nmcx kzky N
{]nb am \x GX Xpcv hn[w {]mlpx
kmm aky eWav
39
thZw, kvarXnthZm\pkmcnbpw B]vXcNn
Xhpamb a\pkvarXn apXemb imkv{X,
\hcpsS BNmc, k\mX\, AYhm
thZfn Cuizcm\pimk\w sNbvX Ia
, Bmhn\v {]nbambBmhv Fns\
B{Klnppthm AXv, kXy`mjWmZnI
Cu \mepw [ans eWfmIpp.
[am[asf Xocpam\npXn\p Af
hp tIm Ch bm Wv . ] ]mXw IqSmsX
\ymbw, kXyw, Fnh kzoIcnv, AkXys
XyPnpXt{X icnbmb [aw. CXn\v hncp
ambn ]]mXtmSpIqSn A\ymbw, Ak
Xyw, Fn hsb kzoI cnv kXy \o Xn Isf
XyPnpXv A[ahpamWv.
Acv Y Im ta jz k m\mw [cv a m\w
hn[obtX [cvaPnmkam\m\mw {]amWw
]caw {ipXnx
40
AYn\pw (kzWw, cXv\ apXem
bh) Iman\pw (kv{Xo tkh apXembh)
ASnasSmh\p am{Xta [am\w Dm
Ippq. [am\w Cnph thZ
n \nv AXns\ \nWbnWw. Fs
m [am[asf thZn\npam{Xta
icnbmbn \nivNbnphm Ignbq.
BNmcy Xs injymv Cs\ D]
tZiw \I Ww. hnti jnv cmPm m,
ap {Xnbm, sshiym, Dacmb
iq{Z m Fn h tcbpw hnZym `ymkw sNn
Ww. Fsm, {_mW am{Xw hnZym
`ymkw sNpIbpw {Xnbcpw apw hnZym
`ymkw shSnbpIbpw sNbvXm hnZy, [aw,
cmPyw, [\w apX em b h sbmpw Hcn epw
A`nhrnsSpIbn. {_mW am{Xw ]Tn
pIbpw ]TnnpIbpw sNbvXm Ahv
{XnbmZnIfn \nv D]Poh\amKw t\Sn
PohkmcWw sNmsanepw {_mW A
s\ D]Poh\n\v ASnasv, {Xnbm
ZnIsf thpw hw imknp innmXn
cpm {_mWcpssS kIecpw A[a
n s]pt]mIpw. {XnbmZnIpw hnZym
`ymkw e`nm {_m Wcpw hnZym `ymkw
sNpXnepw [am\pjvTm\nepw A[nIw
PmKcqIcmIpw. IqSmsX hnZzmmcmb {Xn
bmZnIfpsS apn hymPhpw Im]Syhpw ImWn
p hm {_m Wp km[n p I bp an .
{Xnbcpw apw Adnhpw ]Tnpw Cmh
cm bm {_m W Xnjv Sw sNp Ibpw
sNnpIbpw sNpw. t{ibpmIWsav
{_m W B{K ln p p s n Ah
{XnbmZnIsfbpw ]WnspXs thZmZn
imkv{Xf`yknnWw. hnZy, [aw, cmPyw,
kv, Fnhsb hnnpXv {Xn
bmZnIfmWv. Ah Hcnepw `nmhrnm
c. AXn\m Ah hnZym`ymkhnjbn
kzbw {i bp h c . hnZym `ym k n\pw
inWn\pw kh{X {]Nmcw knnm
hymPhpw A[ahpw \nd Im]Sy sf
Bpw {]N cn n p hm km[n p I bn .
{XnbmZnIsf [aw, \ymbw FnhbpsS
hgn bn eqsS k cn n p Xv {_m W cpw,
k\ymknamcpamsWpw, {_mW, k\ym
kn am Fn hsc \ymb amb amK n
{]hnnpXv {XnbmZnIfpamsWpw
CXn \np knnpp. AXn\m kv{Xo]p
cpjt`Zw IqSmsX FhnsSbpw hnZym`ymkw,
[aw Fnhsb AXymhiyambpw {]Ncnn
Ww.
37 a\pkvarXn 2.11
38 a\pkvarXnbn thZx Fp ]mTw
39 a\pkvarXn 2.12
40 a\pkvarXn 2.13.
42
]Tn p Ibpw ]Tn n p Ibpw sNp Xv
hnjbsf \hw ]conp t\mnb
Xn\ptijw thWw. ]co Aphn[apv.
HmatXv Cuizcs KpWIakz`mh
pw thZ pw A\p Iq e am b
sXmw kXyhpw AmsXmw AkXy
hpamWv.
cmatXv krjvSn{Ian\\pIqeam
bsXmw kXyhpw hncpambsXmw Ak
Xyhpw BIp p. amXm ]n Xm m cpsS
kwtbmKw IqSmsX ]p{X P\np Fp ]d
bpXv krjvSn{Ian\p hncpamIbm
AkXyambncnpw FXv DZmlcWw.
aqmatXv B]vXmcpsS AXmbXv
[manImcpw, hnZzmmcpw kXyhmZnIfpw
\njvI]SmcpambhcpsS {]hrnIpw
D] tZi pw A\p Iq e am b sXmw
{Kmlyhpw AXn\p hncp am b sXmw
XymPy hp am Wv .
\meatXv Ah\hs Adnhn\pw, a\x
kmnpw \ncpXp am{Xta A\pjvTn
mhq. Ah\h\v kpJw CjvShpw, ZpxJw
A\n jv S hp am bn cn p Xp t]mse ap
hpw kpJw CjvShpw, ZpxJw A\njvShp
amWv.
AmatXv {]Xyw, A\pam\w, D]
am \w, i_v Zw, sFXn lyw, AYm ] n,
kw`hw, A`mhw Fo Fv {]amWfmWv
{]XymZn{]amWfpsS eWw ]dbp,
Xmsg sIm Sp p kq{X \ymb Zi \
ns Hpw cpw A[ymbfnteXmWv.
C{nbmcvYknIcvtjmXv]w m\a
hy]tZiyahy`nNmcn hyhkmbmIw {]Xy
av (\ymbZi\w. A[ymbw 1. BnIw 1.
kq{Xw 4.)
HmatXv {]Xyw
sNhn, Xzv , Iv , \mv , aqv Fo C{nb
v i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w ckw, Kw
Fo ]ZmYtfmSv AhyhlnXamb Bh
cWclnXamb _hpw C{nbv a\
kn t\mSpw a\ kn\v Bm hn t\m Sp ap
kwtbm Khpw Dm Ip tm P\n p
m\s {]Xyw Fp ]d bp p.
Fm B m\w hy] tZiyw AYhm
kwbv pw kwnpw Xn ep mb
_n \npfhmbXv BIcpXv. Hcph
asmcpht\mSv "'shw sImphcq'' Fp
]dbpp. Ah shw sImphv Acn
Ip hv, "'CXm shw'' Fp ]dbpp.
ChnsS shw F c c fS nb
kwsb shw sImp h h\pw AXv
Bh iy s h\pw Imam Ign bp I bn .
shw F ]Zw GsXmcp hkv Xp hns
t]cmtWm B hkvXphns {]XyPv Rm\
amWv DmIpXv. i_vZP\yamb m\w
i_v Z {] am W n\v hnj b am Wv . {]Xyw
Ahy`nNmcnbpambncnWw. Hcph cm{Xnk
abv Hcp acpn Iv a\pjy\msWp
\n bn p. ]noSv ]Ik a bp hopw
AXp Itm cm{Xn Ah\pmb acpn
a\p jy\m sWp {àw \in p t]m bn.
AsXmcp ac p n bm sW m\w Xs
hopw Dm bn. C s\ \in p t]m Ip
PvRm\sbmWv hy`nNmcn Fp ]dbp
Xv . A{] Im c ap m\hpw {]Xy a .
{]Xyw hyhkmbmIambncnWw. Hcp
h AIse \np sImv Hcp ]pg bnse
aWnIv, ""AhnsS appWm hncn
n cn tbm? AtXm shw sIn \np
Itbm! Asn thsd hXptam?'' Fp
tNmZn p p. AXp t]m se Xs AIse
\np ]pcpjs\v, "" Ah tZhZ
t\m bZt\m'' Fp kwibnpp.
Ch \nnXamIpXphsc {]Xym\
a Ahy]tZiyhpw, Ahy`nNmcnbpw \nbm
Ihpamb m\w am{Xta {]Xysa
t]cn\v AlamIppq.
cmatXv A\pam\amWv.
AY XXv]qcvhIw {Xnhn[a\pam\w
]qcvhhtjhXv kmam\ytXm ZrjvS
(\ymb.1.1.5) {]Xy]qhIamb m\amWv
A\pam\w. GsXnepw ephv Ftm
sg nepw ]qW amb Hcp hkv Xp hn s\tbm
Asn AXns Hcp `mKttbm {]Xy
ambn Idn Hcph, Imemcn
asmcp ephv B ]qW]ZmYns
klNmcnbmbncnp Hcp `mKw Ipapp
tm AZriyamb AhbhnbpsS m\w
Abmp m Ip p. AXn s\ bmWv A\p
43
am\w Fp ]dbpXv. ]p{Xs\ ImWptm
Ah\v ]n Xm hp s pw, ae ap I fn ]pI
ImWptm AhnsS Xobpspw, temI
nse kpJZpxJ ImWp tm ]qh
Pw Dspw Adn bp Xv A\p am\w
sImmWv. A\pam\w aqp {]Imcnepv.
1 ]qhhXv
ImtaLw ImWptm agbpmIpsapw,
hnhmlw Inv kmt\mev]n DmIp
sapw, hnZymYnsb Inv Ah\v hnZymem`w
DmIpsapw \nbnpXv A\pam\m
em Wv . C s\ Imc W n \npw Imcy
ns m\w DmIpnSsmw ""]qh
hXv'' F A\pam\w _m[IamWv.
2 tijhXv
Imcyw Inv ImcWns m\w Dm
IpXmWv tijhZ\pam\w. ]pgbn sh
smw Inv D]cn`mKpmb agtbbpw,
]p{Xs\ Iv ]nXmhns\bpw, temIkrjvSn
Inv AXn\v A\m Zn bmb Imc Whpw
Imhmb Cuizc\papspw, kpJZpxJ
Inv ]pWy ]m] Dm bn cn p
sapw A\pam\npXns\ tijhZ\pam\w
Fp ]dbpp.
3 kam\ytXm ZrjvSw
Imcy Im c W `mhw Cm cp ]ZmY
v ]c kv ] c ap GsX n ep samcp
km[ays am{Xw Bkv]Zamn A\pam
\npXn\v "kma\ytXmZrjvSw' Fp ]d
bpp. \SpI F {Inb IqSmsX HcnSp
\nv asm cn S tv Hcp h\v Fp hm
km[n p I bn . AXp t]m se X s, ap
hpw HcnSp\np asmcnSsphm
\S msX Ign bp I bn F \p am \n p
Xns\ kmam \y tXm Zrjv Sw Fp ]d bp p.
A\p am \ ns AYw ""A\p Acv YmXv
{]Xyky ]mobtX mbtX tb\
XZ \p am\w'' {]Xy m \ n\p tijw
Dm Ip m\w [qa ns {]Xy
m\w IqSmsX A{]Xyamb Ansb
A\pam\nphm km[yatm.
aqmatXv D]am\amIpp.
{]knkm[cvaymm[ykm[\ap]am\w.
(\ymb. 1.1.6) apv {]Xy ambn Adn
]ZmYns km[ayw sImp]pXpXmbn
Adntb hkvXphns m\apmp
{]amWamWv D]am\w. ""D]aobtX tb\ XZp
]am\w'' Hcph Hcp `rXyt\mSv "'\o hnjvWp
an {Xs\ hnfn p sIm phm'' Fp ]d p.
Atm `rXy, ""Rm Abmsf Hcnepw
Inntm'' Fp adp]Sn ]dtm ""Cu
\np tZh Z s\ tm se bmWv B
hnjvWpan{X'' Fv bPam\ hniZoIcnp.
Abm sNv tZh Z s\ tm sem cp hs\
Iv, ""CbmfmWv hnjvWpan{X'' Fp \n
bnv Abmsf Iqnsmphp. \oemf
Fp t] ]dbp arKw ]iphns\tmse
bpXmsWp tIdnhpbm Imn ]ip
hns\tmsebp Hcp arKs ImWpIbpw
""CXmWv \oemf'' Fp Xocpam\npIbpw
sNbvXp. Ccw kmZriyPvRm\amWv D]am
\w.
\mematXv i_vZ{]amWamIpp.
B]vtXm]tZix i_vZx. (\ymb. 1.1.7) ]cn
]qW ]m Wv UnXyw knn , [am mhpw
]tcm]Imcnbpw, kXyhmZnbpw ]ucpjap
h\pw C{nbsf IogSnbh\pw X\np
knn Adn hn t\bpw kpJw e`n hgn I
tfbpw aphp a\knemnsmSpW
sap B{Klaph\pw a\pjycpsSsbmw
t{ibn\mbn ]rYnhnsXmv Cuizc hsc
bpff kIe ]ZmY fpsSbpw m\w
km Zn v , D] tZi \Ip h \p amb
alm]pcpj\mWv B]vX. B]vXmcpsS D]
tZifpw kqW B]vX\mb Cuizc
D]tZin thZfpamWv i_vZ{]amWw.
AmatXv sFXnlyamIpp.
\ NXpjvSv hssaXnlymcvYm]nkw`hm
`mhm {]mamWymXv. (\ymb. 2.2.1) CXn l F
Xn\v CXv C{] Imcw Bbn cpp FYw.
Ah A{]Imcsamw {]hnp Fp ]d
bp {]amWw, AXmbXv Hcphs PohNcn
{XamWv sFXnlyw.
BdmatXv AYm]nbmIpp.
""AcvYmZm]ZytX km AcvYm]nx. tI\
NnZpNytX: kXvkpLt\jp hrjvSnx kXn
ImctW Imcyw `hXoXn Ina{X {]kPytX.
AkXv kp Lt\jp hrjv SnckXn Imc
44
tW(N) Imcyw \ `hXn'' Hcm CXct\mSp
]dbpp."taL Dtm ag DmIpp.
ImcWw DmIptm Imcyw DmIpp.''
CXn \nv thsdmcp kwKXn, FSpp]d
bmsX Xs a\knemIppv. taLans
n agbpmhnspw, ImcWw IqSmsX Hcn
epw Imcyw DmhnspamWXv. CXns\
AYm]n Fp ]dbpp.
GgmatXv kw`hamIpp.
""kw`hXn bkvan k kw`hx'' ""A\
amcnmsX km\apmbn. Atlw acn
hs\ Pohnnp. aesbSpp s]mnp. IS
en\paotX Icnp ]Spp, N{s\ apdnp
IjWw IjWamnfp. Cuizc Ah
Xcnp. a\pjy\v sImpapfp, Hcp hybpsS
aI asmcp hybpsS aIsf thfn Ignp.''
Fpw apw ]dm Ahsbmw Akw`m
hyamsWv XosSpmw. Fsm Cu
]d sXmw krjv Sn {I a n\v hncp
fmWv . krjv Sn {I a n\p hncp a m
Xns\ kw`hsap ]dbpp.
FmatXv A`mhamIpp.
""\ `hXn bkv an tkmf`mhx'' Hcp h
asmcpht\mSv, ""B\sb sImp hcnI'' Fp
]dbpp. AhnsS B\bnsp I Abm
B\ DmbncpnSp sNv B\sb sIm
php.

41
ChbmWv Fp {]amW. Ch
bn i_vZ{]amWn sFXnlyhpw A\p
am\n AYm]n, kw`hw, A`mhw
Fnhbpw A`hnpXmbn KWnm
\mep {]amW am{Xta tijnpIbp
q. Cd Aphn[nep ]co
I sf smv a\pjy kXym kXy sf
\n bn p hm i \mbn `hn p p.
kXymkXysf \nWbnphm ap amK
sampan.
[cvahntij{]kqXmZv {ZhyKpWIcvakm
am\yhntijkahmbm\mw ]ZmYm\mw (km
[cvayssh[cvaym`ymw) Xzm\mnxt{i
bkav. (ssh.1.1.4) a\pjy [as bYm
tbmKyw A\p jv Tn m ]hn {X \m Ip Ibpw
km[ayssh[ayfpsSAXmbXv ]rYnhn
PU amWv , Pehpw PU amWv PUXzw ]rYn
hnbv pw Pe n \p ap kam \ [a amWv
Cs\ km[aynsbpw ]rYnhn ISpap
Xpw Pew arZphpamWv. ISphpw amhhpw
bYm{Iaw ]rYnhnbnepw Penepap `n
[afmWv Fns\ ssh[aynsbpw
m\w Dmbn. {Zhyw, KpWw, Iaw, kmam
\yw, hntijw, kahmbw Fo Bdp ]ZmY
fpsS Xz m\w Dmbn XZz mcm
tamw {]m]npp.
]rYnhym]kvtXtPmhmbpcmImiw Imtem
ZnKmm a\ CXn {ZhymWn (ssh. 1.1.5) ]rYn
hn, Pew tXPkv, hmbp BImiw, Imew, Znv,
Bmhv, a\kv Fo HXp ]ZmYfmWv
{Zhy.
{InbmKpWhamhmbnImcWanXn {Zhy
eWav (ssh 1.1.15) ""{Inbm KpWm
hnZyt bkv anw kv XXv {Inbm Kp W hXv ''
GsXmcp ]ZmYn {Inb, KpWw, Fnh
cptam Asn KpWw am{Xtam Dsp
ImWppthm AXns\ {Zhysap ]dbpp.
ap]d HXp {Zhyfn ]rYnhn, Pew,
tXP kv , hmbp, a\ kv , Bmhv Fo
Bdnepw {Inbbpw KpWhpw Dv. BImiw,
Znv Fnhbn {Inb C; KpWw Dv.
""kathXpw ioew bky XXv kahmbn
{]mKvhrnXzw ImcWw kahmbn NXXvIm
cWw N kahmbn ImcWw, eytX tb\
XWw''. Hnp tNncnp kz`mh
apXns\ kahmbn Fpw, Imcyw DmIp
Xn\p appXns\ ImcWw Fpw Ip
sImp cq]w IdnbpXpt]mse, eyw
GXpsImv AdnbsSppthm AXns\ e
Wsapw ]dbpp.
cq]ckKkv]cvihXo ]rYnho. (ssh.
2.1.1)cq]w, ckw, Kw, kv]iw Fnhbp
]ZmYamWv ]rYnhn. An, Pew, hmbp Fn
h bpsS kwtbmKw sImmWv ]rYn hn bn
cq]w, ckw, kv]iw Fo KpW Dm
IpXv.
hyhnXx ]rYnhymw Kx (ssh. 2.2.2)
Kw F KpWw ]rYnhnbn kzm`mhn
IambpXmWv. AXpt]mse, Pen ck
hpw, tXPkn cq]hpw hmbphn kv]ihpw
BImin i_vZhpw kzm`mhnI KpW
41 B\ CmnSv B\bpsS A`mhw Dv
45
fmWv.
cq]ckkv]cvihXy Bt]m {Zhmx kv\n
Kv[mx. (ssh. A. 2 . 1. 2) cq]w, ckw, kv]iw
Fo KpWfpXpw {Zhhpw kv\nKvhp
ambnp {ZhysbmWv Pew Fp ]dbp
Xv. Pens kzm`mhnI KpWw ckamWv.
cq]w kv]iw Fo KpW AnbpsSbpw
hmbphnsbpw kwtbmKw sImpmIp
hbmWv.
A]vkp ioXXm (ssh. 2.2.5) Pen
ioXXzw (Ipfna) F KpWhpw IqSn kzm`m
hnIambvpXmIpp.
tXtPm cq]kv]ihXv (ssh. 2.1.3) cq]w
kv ]iw Fo KpW tfmSp IqSn b XmWv
tXPkv. tXPkns kzm`mhnIKpaw cq]amIp
p. kv]iw hmbphns kw sImp
mIpXmWv.
kv]cvihm hmbpx (ssh. 2.1.4) kv]i
KpWw am{XapXmWv hmbp. kv]in\v
NqSpw Ipfnabpw DmIpXv tXPkntbpw
Pentbpw kwtbmKw sImmIpp.
X BImti \ hnZyt. (ssh. 2.1.5) cq]w,
ckw, Kw, kv]iw, Fo KpWsfmpw
BImin C. BIminep KpWw
i_vZw am{XamIpp.
\njv {I aWw {]th i \ an Xym Im iky
enwKav (ssh. 2.1.20) \njv{IaWw _ln`mK
tv Ka\w, {]thi\wA`mKtv
BKa\w Fo cp {InbI D {ZhyamWv
BImiw.
Imcymcm{]mZpcv`mhm i_vZxkv]cvih
XmaKpWx (ssh. 2.1.25) ]rYnhn apXemb Imcy
fn \nv i_v Zw {]I S am Im bv I bm
i_vZw, kv]iKpWap `qan apXembhbpsS
KpWa. {]XypX BImins KpWamIp
p.
A]ckvan]cw bpK]ncw n{]anXn
ImeenwKm\n (ssh. 2.2.6) A]cw (]noSv)
]cw (apv) bpK]Xv (Htckabw) Nncw (hn
fw _w) n{]w (th Kw) apX emb {]tbm K
GsXm n ep m Ip p thm, AXmWv
Imew.
\ntXyjz`mhmZ\ntXyjp `mhmXv ImctW
ImemtJyXn. (ssh. 2.2.9) \nXyhkvXpfn
Cm Xp sImpw A\n Xy h kv Xp fn
am{Xw D Xp sImpw Imc W n Xs
bmWv Imekw.
CX CZanXn bXkvXniyw enwKav. (ssh.
2.2.10) Ingv, sXv, ]Snmdv, hSv, apI,
Xmsg Fo hn[n hyhlcnpXmWv
Znv.
BZnXykwtbmKmZv `qX]qcvhmZv `hnjy
tXm `qXm {]mNo (ssh. 2.2.14) BZnXys
kwtbmKw GsXmcp ZnnemtWm {XnIme
fnepw Hm a Xmbn Dm Ip Xv AXns\
Ingv Fpw BZn Xy Akv X an p
Znns\ ]Sn mdv Fpw ]d bp p. Ing
tmp t\mn\np Bfns heXp`mKw
sXpw CSp`mKw hSpw BIpp.
GtX\ ZnK cm em\n hymJym Xm\n
(ssh. 2.2.16) Ingn\pw sXn\pw a[yn
BKvt\bo Znpw sXn\pw ]Snmdn\pw
a[yn ss\cv EXo Znpw ]Snmdv hSv
Fn h bpsS a[y n hmb ho Zn pw, hS
n\pw Ingn\pw CSbn sFim\Znpam
Wv.
CmtZzj{]bXv\kpJZpxJm\m\ym
t\m enMvKanXn. (\ymb. 1.1.10) C. tZzjw,
{]bXv\w, (]pcpjmYw), kpJw, ZpxJw, Adnhv
Fo KpW D Xm Wv , Pohm m hv .
sshtijnIZi\n hntijm ]dn
cnpXn{]ImcamWv.
{]mWmf]m\\ntatjmtj Poh\at\mK
Xo{nbmcv hnImcmx kpJ, ZpxtJmtZzj
{]bXv\mmt\m enMvKm\n (ssh. 3.2.4)
({]mW) hmbphns\ AIp\np ]pdtp
XpI, (A]m\) ]pdp\nv AItv
hmbphns\ hensSppI
42
, (\ntaj) I
S p I, (D t j) Ip an gn p I, (Po h \)
{]mW[mcWw sNpI, (a\x) a\\w, Nn,
Adnhv (KXn) btYjvSw NcnpI (C{nb)
42 {]mW, A]m\ Fnh bmYm{Iaw hmbphns\
DntesSppI. ]pdtp hnSpI Fnhbm
sW anYymt_m[w s]mXphmbpv. apJ\mkn
Im`ymw _lncvnchmbpx{]mWx AcvK]m
\x. hmbnepw aqnepw IqSn ]pdtp hnSp hmbp
{]mW\pw AItsSppXv A]m\\pamsWv
kmbW AYhthZ`mjyn (18. 2.46)
46
C{n b sf hnj b fn {]hn nv
Ahsb {KlnpI, (AhnImc) hniv,
Zmlw, ]\n, thZ\ apXemb hnImcfpm
hpI, kpJZpxJ, CmtZzj, {]bXv\w
Fnh Bm hns enMv K AYhm
Bmhns KpWIafmIpp.
bpK ] Pv m \m \pX v ] ncv a \ tkm en
MvKav (\ym. 1.1.16) Htc kabw cp ]ZmY
sf {Klnphm inbnmXns\ a\
sp ]dbpp. C{]Imcw {ZhyfpsS kzcq
]hpw eWhpw ]dp. C\n KpW ]d
bmw.
cq]ckKkv]cvimx kwJymx:]cnam
Wm\n ]rYzw kwtbmKhn`msKu ]cXzm
f]ctXz _pbx kpJ ZpxtJ CmtZzju
{]bXv\m KpWmx (ssh. 1.1.6) cq]w, ckw,
Kw, kv]iw, kwJy, ]cnamWw, ]rYzw,
kwtbmKw, hn`mKw, ]cXzw, A]cXzw, _pn,
kpJw, ZpxJw, C, tZzjw, {]bXv\w, (KpcpXzw

43
, {Zh Xzw, kv t\lw, kwkv Im cw, [aw,
A[aw, i_vZw) Fns\ Ccp]n\mep
KpWfmIpp.
{Zhym{iKpWhmkwtbmKhn`mtKjzImc
Wa\t] CXn KpWeWav (ssh. 1.2.16)
{Zhys B{ibnpIbpw A\yKpWsf
[mcWw sNmXncnpIbpw, kwtbmK hn`m
Kfn ImcWamImXpw ]ckv]cmt]
IqSmsX hnpXpamWv KpWw.
t{imt{Xm ] e _v [ncv _pncv \ncv {Kmlyx
{]tbmtKWmf`nPzenX BImitZix i_vZx
(alm`mjyw)
43
sNhnsImv {]m]nmhp
Xpw, _pnbm {KlnmhpXpw {]tbm
K m {]Im in p Xpw, BIm i n
hnpXpamWv i_vZw.
IpsImv {Klnp KpWamWv cq]w.
\mpsImv Adnbp a[pcmZnt`ZfmWv
ckw. aqpsImv Adnbp KpWamWv Kw.
XzpsImv {KlnpXv kv]iamWv. Hv,
cv Fns\ FpXmWv kwJy. L\w
IpdXv, L\w IqSnbXv Fo m\n\p
ImcWamb KpWamWv ]cnamWw
45
. At\ym
\yw AIncnpXv ]rYIvXzhpw, ]ckv]cw
IqSntncnpXv kwtbmKhpw Hnncn
ph th]ncnbpXv hn`mKhpw BIpp.
""AXn\nv CXv ]c amWv '' FXv ]c Xz
hpw. ""CXv AXn \nv A]camWv'' FXv
A] c Xzhpw BIp p. \bpw Xnbpw
thXn cn dn bp Xv _pn bm Wv . B\
ns ]cym b amWv kpJw. tiw FXv
ZpxJamWv. Cbvv B{Klsapw tZzjn\v
hntcm[sapamWYw. hnhn[ ]pcpjmYb
Xv \ {]b Xv \hpw BIp p. KpcpXzw
L\hpw {ZhXzw Hgppw BIp p. {]oXn
sbpw kv\nKvXsbpamWv kvt\lns
AYw. asmns kwtbmKw sImpm
Ip hmk \ bmWv kwkv Im cw. \ymbm N c
Whpw ITn\XzmZnIfpamWv [aw. A\ymbm
N c Whpw ITn \ Xz n\p hncp amb tIma
fXzw apXembhpw A[aamWv. Cs\ Ccp
]n\mep KpWfmWpXv.
DXv t]Waht]WamIp\w {]km
cWw Ka\anXn IcvamWn (ssh. 1.1.7) DXvt
]WwapIfntep Ne\w Aht]Ww
Xmtgmp Ne\w BIp\w ktmNnp
I, {]kmcWw ]cpI Ka\w t]mhpI hcnI
NpnncnbpI apXemb {InbI, Cs\
Ap hn [ n emWv Ia . C\n Ia
ns eWw ]dbmw.
GI{ZhyaKpWw kwtbmKhn`mtKjz\t]
ImcW anXn IcvaeWav (ssh. 1.1.11)
Hcp {Zhys B{ibnncnpXpw, KpWc
lnXamb kwtbmKhn`mKfn At]m
c ln X amb Imc Whp am bn p XmWv Iaw.
Asn sNpXv Iaw Fpw eWw
]dbmw.
{ZhyKpWIcvaWmw {ZhywImcWw kmam
\yav (ssh. 1.1.18) KpWw, Iaw FnhbpsS
ImcW{Zhyamb Imcy{Zhyns\ kmam\y{Zhyw
Fp ]dbpp.
43 {]bXv\n\ptijw "N' FXpsImv KpcpXzw,
{ZhXzw kwkv Imcw AZrjv Sw ([am[a) i_v Zw
Fnhsb `mjyImc Fpp. As\ 17+7=24
(N i_vZ kapnXm KpcpXz {ZhXz kvt\l
kwkv ImcmZrjv Si_v Zmx k]v ssXthtXyhw NXpcv hnw
iXn KpWmx ({]ikvX]mZ`mtjy Dti{]IcWav)
44 alm`mjyw 1.1.1
45 ChnsS ""Afhv, AWp, alv, \ofapXv,
CmXv FnXymZnIpw ImcWw ]cnamWw
Fp htcXmWv. L\pdhpw
IqSpXepw KpcpXzs kw_npXmWtm
47
{ZhymWmw {Zhyw Imcyw kmam \yav
(ssh.1.1.23) ImcyXzm Fm Imcyfnepw
kmam\yambncnpXv {ZhyfpsS Imcy{Z
hyamIpp.
{Zhy Xzw, KpW Xzw, Icv aXzw N kmam
\ym(\n) hntijm (ssh. 1.2.5) {Zhyfn
{ZhyXzhpw KpWfn KpWXzhpw Ia
fn IaXzhpwkam\ysfpw hntij
sfp ]dbpp. {ZhyXzw {Zhyfn kmam
\yamWv. KpWXzw, IaXzw Fnhbn \np
{ZhyXzw hntijhpamIpp. Cs\ kh{X
AdnpsImWw.
kmam\yw hntij CXn _py t] av
(ssh. 1.2.3) kmam\yw hntijw Fnh
_pnsb At]nv knamIpp. a\pjy
cn kmam\yambnpXv a\pjyXzamWv. arK
XzmZnIsf At]nv AXv hntijamIpp.
a\pjycn kv{XoXzw, ]pcpjXzw, {_mW
Xzw, {XnbXzw, sshiyXzw, iq{ZXzw, Fo
[asfmw hntijfmIp p. {_m
WXzw {_mWcn kmam\yhpw {Xnbm
Zn Isf At] nv hnti jhpw BIp p.
Cs\ FmbnSpw AdnbpI.
CtlZanXn bXx ImcyImcWtbmx (k)
ka hmbx (ssh. 7.2.26) Imcy Im c W
AXmbXv Ahbhpw Ahbhnbpw, {Inbbpw
Imhpw, KpW hpw KpWn bpw, PmXn bpw
hynbpw Fn hbv p Xn ep _w
\nXyamIpp. B \nXy_amWv kahmbw.
ap ]ZmYv ]ckv]cap _w (kw
tbmK_w) A\nXy_w BIpp.
{Zhy Kp Wtbmx kPm Xo bbmcw ` IXzw
km[cvayav. (hm. 1.1.9) kam\PmXobfmb
{ Zhy Kp W sf Dev ]m Zn n p Xn \v
km[ayw Fp ]dbpp. ]rYnhnbn PU
Xzw, IpSw, apX em b h bpsS Dev ]m Z I Xzhpw
kzkZri[afmWv. Pen PUXzhpw
kPm Xo b amb lna ns Dev ]m Z I Xzhpw
Dv. AXn\m ]rYnhnp Pent\mSpw Pe
n\v ]rYn hn tbmSpw km[ayw Dv . Cu
]d km[ayeWw sImv ""{ZhyKpW
tbmcvhnPmXobmcwÌXzw ssh[cvayw'' F
ssh[ayeWw IqSn ]dtbXmbn hcp
p. {Zhy Kp W fn ep hncp [a fp
sSbpw hnPmXobImcyfpsSbpw Dev]mZIXz
amWv ssh[ayw. ]rYnhnbnep ImTn\yw,
ipjvIX, KhXzw Fo [a Pen
ep ImTn \yw, am hw, ck hXzw Fo
[afn \n p hn cp fmI bm
ssh[ayfmWv.
Imc W `m hmXv Imcy `mhx (ssh. 4.1.3)
ImcWw Dsnte Imcyw Dmhq.
\ Xp Imcym`mhmXv ImcWm`mhx (ssh.
1.2.2.) Imcyw DmbnnmbvIbm ImcWw
Csp hcpX.
Imc Wm f `m hmXv Imcym f`mhx (ssh.
1.2.1)ImcWw Csn Imcyw Hcnepw Dm
hpIbn.
ImcWKpW]qcvhIxImcyKptWm ZrjvSx
(ssh. 2.1.24) ImcWn ImWp KpW
am{Xta Imcynepw ImWpIbpq. ]cnamWw
cphn[nemIpp.
AWp alZnXn Xkvan hntij`mhmZzn
tijm`mhm (ssh. 7.1.11) AWp (kqvaw)
alXv (hepXv) Fns\ ]cnamWw cp
hn [w. {Xk tcWp Ipn tb m sNdpXpw
hrtm hepXpamIpp. AXpt]mse
Xs ]hXw `qantbm sNdpXpw hr
tm hepXpw BWv.
kZnXn btXm {Zhy Kp W Icv akp km
km (ssh. 1.2..7) ""kXv{Zhyw, kZvKpWx,
kXv Icv ax'' km b {Zhyw kmb KpWw
kmb Iaw Fn s\ h am\
Imes Ipdnp kXv F i_vZtmSp
IqSn {Zhy KpWIap A\zbs
bmWv ksbp ]dbpXv.
`mthm f \phrttch tlXp hmXv kmam
\ytah (ssh. 1.2.4) k F `mhw kIe
hkvXpfnepw A\phnp nXnsNp
XpsImv AXns\ almkmam\yw Fp
]d bp p. Cu ]d Xp apgp h\pw `mh ]
ZmYs kw_ n m Wv . A`mhw Ap
hn[nemWv .
{Inbm Kp W hy ] tZ im `m hm Xv {]m K kXv
(ssh.9.1.1) {InbmKpWfpsS hntij\nan
ns A`mhn\p app AkXv (Cm
bva, A`mhw) FYw. IpSw, hkv{Xw apX
embh Dev]np apv Dmbncpn. B
CmbvabmWv {]mK`mhw.
48
cmatXv
kZkXv (ssh. 9.1.2) Dmb IpSw Cm
Xm bn tm Ip Xp t]mse Hcn Dm bnv
]noSv Cm Xp Ip Xns\ {]zw km `mhw
Fp ]dbpp.
aqmatXv
kmkXv (ssh. 9.1.4) Dspw ]p\cn
spw ""AsKuctizm\tizmKu'' IpXnc ]ip
h; ]ip IpXncbpa. IpXncbn IpXncbp
sSbpw, ]iphn ]iphnsbpw `mhw Dv.
AXpt]mse IpXncbn ]iphnsbpw ]ip
hn IpXncbpsSbpw A`mhw Dtm. Cu
A`mhs At\ym\ym`mhw Fp ]dbpp.
\mematXv
bm\yZkZXkvXZkXv (ssh. 9.1.5) ap]
d aqv A`mhfn \npw `namb A`m
hn\v AXym`mhw Fp ]dbpp. a\p
jys sImv, BImiIpkpaw, hym]p{X
apXembhbpsS A`mhw Cu C\n s]Sp
p.
AmatXv:
\mkvXn LtSm tKl CXn ktXm LSky
tKl kw kcv K {]Xn tj[x (ssh. 9.1.10)
hon IpSan Fp ]dm ashnsStbm
Dspw, hoSnt\mSv IpSn\p _ans
pamWYw. CXns\ kw_m`mhsap ]d
bpp. Cs\ A`mhw Aphn[nemWv.
C{nbtZmjmXv kwkvImctZmjmmhnZym
(ssh. 9.2.15) C{nbfpsSbpw kwkv Imc
nsbpw tZmjwsImv AhnZy DmIpp.
XpjvSm\av (ssh. 9.2.11) ZpjvSamb
m\whn]coXm\wBWv AhnZy.
AZpjvSw hnZym. (ssh. A. 9 B. 2. kq. 12)
AZp jv S amb m\w AY hm, bYmY m \
amWv hnZy.
]rYnhymZncq]ckKkv]im {Zhym\nXy
XzmZ\nXym. (ssh. 7.1.2) GtX\ \ntXyjp
\nXyXzapav (ssh. 7.1.9) Imcycq]amb ]rYn
hymZn ]ZmY sfmw A\n Xy fm b Xp
sImv Ah bn ep cq]w, ckw, Kw,
kv ]iw XpS nb KpW fpw A\n Xyhpw
ImcW cq ] amb ]rYn hymZn \nXy {Z hy fn
ep (\mianm ]camWpfnep) Km
ZnKpW \nXyhpamWv.
kZImcWhnXyav (ssh. 4.1.1) ktbm
Sp Iq Sn bXpw Imc W an m Xp amb ]ZmY
amWv \nXyambXv. ""kXvImcWhZ\nXyw'' Imc
WtmSpIqSnbhbpw Imcycq]fpamb KpW
A\nXyfmWv Fp IqSn a\nem
mw,
AtkyZw Imcyw ImcWw kwtbmKn
hntcm[n kahmbn tNXn sseMvKnIav (ssh.
9.2.1) kahmbn, kwtbmKn, GImYkahmbn,
hntcm[n, Fo \mep hn[nemWv Ahbh
]camb PvRm\w AYhm Ahbhw Ahbhn
FnhbpsS tN sImpmIp Adnhv.
""BImiw ]cnamWtmSpIqSnbXmWv FXv
kahmbnbpsSbpw'' ""icocw XztmSpIqSnb
XmIpp.'' Fv \nXykwtbmKs ImWn
pXv kwtbmKnbpsSbpw ZrjvSmw. Hn
Xs cns nXn GImYkahmbamWv.
Imcycq]amb kv]iw, Imcyns Ahb
h am Wv . s]bv X ag s]p hm t]mIp
agbvv FXncmbXmsWXv hntcm[np
DZmlcWamIpp.
\nbX[cvakmlnXyap`tbmtcIXcky hm
hym]vXnx. \nPiypZv`hanXymNmcymx Bt[
bintbmK CXn ]inJx (kmwJykq
{Xw. A. 5 kq. 29.31.32) A\pam\m Adn
tb Xns\ km[y sapw km[y m\w
Dm p Xns\ km[ \ sapw ]d bp p.
km[yw km[\w Fo cntbptam, GsX
nepw Hns am{Xtam \nnX [a amb
klNmcamWv hym]vXn Fp ]dbpXv. Xo,
]pI FnhbpsS klNmcnXzw CXn\pZml
cWw. (29)
hym]yambncnp ]pIbvv kzw in
sImp m Ip Xv asm cp hn [ n epff
hym]vXnbmIpp. tZimcs {]m]n ]pI,
An sb qSmsX kzbw nXn sN p p.
An bpsS tOZ \ t` Z \ km aYy fn
PemZn ]ZmY ]pIbmbnov {]IS
amIpp. (31)
alzmZnIfn {]IrXymZnIp
hym]IX _pymZnIfnep hym]yX Fo
[afpsS _ns t]cmWv hym]vXn.
in, inam Fnh Xn D Bt[
49
bm[mc _w DZmlcWw.
Cs\ imkv{X{]amWsfsmv ]co
nnt ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw sNm
hq. A\yYm hnZymYnIv Hcnepw kXy
t_m[w Dm hp I bn . ]Tn n p hm \p
{Ksf C{]Imcw ]cntim[nv, kXyam
bhsb am{Xta ]Tnnmhq. hncpamb {K
sf ]TnpItbm, ]TnnpItbm sNcp
Xv. Fsm, eW{]amWm`ymw hkvXp
knnx. ""KhXo ]rYnho'' KapXmWv
]rYnhn CXymZn eWsfbpw {]XymZn
{]amWsfbpw sImmWv Fm kXymk
Xyfpw ]ZmYXzhpw \nWbnpXv.
e W { ] am W fn msX Hn t\bpw
\nWbn m hp X .
AY ]T\ ]mT\ hn[nx
C\n ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw sNm
\p coXn hnh cn mw. H m aXp ]Tn n
tXv ]mWn\oap\n cNn kq{Xcq]n
ep in bm Wv . Hmtcm hW n tbpw
m\{]bXv\fpw ImcWhpw HmaXmbn
]TnnWw. HcpZmlcWw ]dbmw. "]' Imc
ns m\w Hmjv T am Wv . kv ]rjv S amWv
{]bXv\w; {]mWsbpw PnlzbpsSbpw {Inb
bmWv IcWw Fn{]Imcw Fm Ac
fp tSbpw Dm c W {Iaw amXm ]n Xm mcpw
Kpcpmcpw IpnIsf ]TnnWw.
]noSv hymIcWw, AXmbXv AjvSm[ym
bn bpsS kq{X ]m T amWv A`y kn t Xv .
hrncmssZNv F kq{Xw ]Tnv, hrnx BXv
sFNv Ftm As n hrnx BssZNv
Ftm ]ZtZw sNbvXv, Bv sFv BssZNv
Fn s\ hn{K ln v , ""BssZNmw hrn
kwm {InbtX'' B, sF, Hu Fo hW
v hrn Fp kwsNpp Fv
AYw {KlnpI. ""Xx ]tcm bkvamXv X]cx
kv XmZ]n ]c kv X]cx'' GsXm n \nv
XImcw ]cambncnppthm AXv X]cw, XIm
cn \nv ]cambnpXpw X]cw Fp
XpsImv BssZNv FXnse XImcn
s appw ]npap B sFNv Fnh cpw
X] c fm sWp knn p p. AXp sIm
p {]tbm P\w {lkz pw ZoL
pw hrnkw hcnIbnsXmWv.
C{]Imcw kq{XmYw ]Tnnv, hrn kw
bpsS DZmlcWw a\knemWw. `mKx A[ym
bx. \mbIx kvXmhIx, ImcIx Fo ]Z
sfmw DZmlcWfmIpp.
`mKw : `Pv F [mXphn\p ]cambn LRv
{]Xybw hcp p. {]Xy b n ep LImcw
RImcw Fo cp hW CXvkw
hv tem]nv AImcw am{Xw tijnpp.
`PvA Fp tijnpXn `Pv F {]Ir
Xnbnep Ìmcn \np ]chpw PImc
n \np ]qh hp amb AIm c ns
m\ n hrnkw tbmSp IqSnb
BImcw hv `mPv A FmIpp. ]ns
PImcns m\n KImcw hcnIbpw
HSphn `mKx F cq]w knnpIbpw sNp
p.
A[ymb : : A[n F D]kKtmSpIq
Snb CMv [mXphnep {lkz CImcns
m\v, LRv {]Xybw ]cambn, sF Fp
hrnhcpp. ]noSv sFImcn\v Bbv Fv
BtZiw hv Fmw IqSn tNv A[ymbx
F cq]apmIpp.
\mbI : \oRv [mXphn\v ]cambn Wzpev
{]Xybw hcptm [mXphnep ZoLamb
CuImcns m\v sFImcw hrn, B
sFImcn\v Bbv Fv BtZiw hv , (AI,
F {]XybmtZiw tNv
46
) \mbIx F
cq]w \njv]amIpp.
kvXmhI : kvXp [mXphn Wzpev {]Xy
bw tNcptm [mXphnse {lkzImcns
m\v HuImcw hrn, HuImcn\v Bhv
Fv BtZiw. Fmw tNv kvXmhIx F
cq]w DmIpp
ImcI : IrRv [mXphn\p ]cambn Wzpev
{]Xybw hcp p. {]Xy b ns BZy n
ep W Imcn\pw Ahkm\nep e
Im c n \p w CXv kwbp w tem]hp w
tijn hp FXn\v AI Fv BtZihpw
hcpp. [mXphnep EImcns m\v
Bcv Fv hrn hv ImcIx Fp knn
pp.
]qhm] c {] tbm K sf n GsXmw
kq{X tfsmv Fsmw Imcy
hn[n n ptm AsXmw ]d p sIm Sp p
46 tImjvTnteXv ]cn`mjItXmWv.
50
Ibpw {]{InbbpsS {Iaw apgph\pw C{]Imcw
Fgpv ]e I bn Fgp Xn mWnp Ibpw
sNt Xm Wv .`P+LRv +kp F Xn
BZyw LImcn\pw ]ns RImcn\pw
tem]w hcpp. Atm `Pv +A+kp Fm
bn. AXns tijw {]IrXnbnep AImc
ns m\v hrnbmbn BImchpw PIm
c n\v KIm cm tZ ihpw hv , `mKv +A+kp
FmIpp. ]noSv {]IrXnbpw LRv {]Xy
b ns Ah in jv S amb AIm chpw IqSn
tv, `mK+kp FmIpp. A\cw kp
F Xn ep DIm c n\v CXv kwbpw
tem]hpw kv FXns m\v cp F
BtZihpw hcpp. cp F BtZinse
DImchpw CXv kw hv tem]np t]mIp
I bm `mK+cv Fm bn o cp p. cv F
hW ns m\p hnkKw (x) hv
Ahkm\w `mKx F cq]w knnpIbpw
sNpp.
GsXmw kq{X, GsXmw Imcy
{]{Inbbvv hn[nppthm, B kq{Xfpw
Imcyfpw bYmXYambn ]Tnnv, FgpXnv,
{]{Inb ]dbnWw. C{]Imcw ]TnpIbpw
]TnnpIbpw sNbvXm AXnthKw Dd
m\w Dm Ipw. Cs\ Hcp XhW
AjvSm[ymbn apgph\pw ]Tnnnv [mXp]mTw
apgph\pw AYtmSpIqSn, ]p eImc
fpsS cq] fpw {]{In b tbm Sp IqSn DK
kq{Xw ]noSv AXns A]hmZkq{Xw Fo
{Ia n ]Tn n t Xm Wv . kmam \y amb
Hcp hn[nsb ]dbp kq{XamWv DKkq
{Xw. ""IcvaWyWv'' FXv Hcp DK kq{X
am Ip p. Ia hm N I amb ]Zw D] ] Z am Ip
tm Hmtcm [mXphnepw AWv {]Xybw hcpw
FmWv Cu kq{Xw sImp hn[npXv.
IpÌmcx FXv CXn\pZmlcWw. ""BtXm
\p ] ktK Ix'' FXv CXns A] hmZ
kq{X am Ip p. D] kK an m BIm cm
[mXphn Iaw D]]ZamIbm I {]Xybw
hcpw FmWv AXn\Yw. Iaw D]]ZamIp
tm Fm [mXp fnepw AWv {]Xybw
hp `hn p p. CXv A[nI hnj b sf
kv]inp kmam\yhn[nbmWv. Cu hn[n
bpsS hnjbfne`hnnp BImcm
[mXpsf {]Xybw hngp n f p. CXv
Aev]hnjbsf am{Xw kv]inp Hcp
hntijhn[nbmIpp. DKhn[nbpsS hnj
b n A] hm Zh n[n ssII S p Xp
t]mse A] hm Z hn [n bpsS hnj b n
DKhn[n {]hnpX. N{Ihn
bpsS km{amPyn \mSphmgnIfpw CS{]`p
mcpw `cWw \Spw. AXpt]mse \mSp
hmgnIfpsSbpw CS{]`pmcpsSbpw aWvU
e n km{amv CS s] Sp I bn tm.
47
DKm]hmZ{IanemWv ]mWn\oaljn
AJne i_vZfpsSbpw AhbpsS AYhpw
_nnv Hmcmbncw tmIfn Npcpn
]dnpXv. [mXp ]mTn\p tijw DWm
ZnKWw ]Tnnv kp_i_vZsf kw_
n p kIe hnj b fpw \ hw
t_m[nnWw. AXns tijw ]qh]w,
kam[m\w, hmnI, ImcnII, ]cn
`mjI apXembhtbmSp IqSn cmasXmcn
IqSn AjvSm[ymbnbpw XpSv alm`m
jyhpw ]TnnWw.
_pn am\pw \njv I ] S \p amb hnZym `n hr
nsb B{K ln p hnZymYn aSp msX
]TnpIbpw tbmKycmb Kpcpm ]Tnn
p Ibpw sNp ]w H c smw
sImv Ajv Sm [ym bnbpw H c smw
sImv alm `m jyhpw ]Tnv aqp sImw
sImv XnI sshbm I c W \m hp Ibpw
sshZnIfpw euInIfpamb i_vZsf
sbmw hymI cWw sIm dn v , CXc
imkv{Xsf Bbmksat\y ]Tnphm\pw
]Tnnphm\pw i\mhpXpamWv. hymI
cW imkv{Xm[ybns\mn\pw thn hcp
{X ]cn{iaw ap imkv {Xm[yb\ns\m
n\pw thn hcpn.
ap]d {K A`yknm aqp
sImw sImp m Ip n S tmfw Adn hv ,
kmckzXw, N{nI, IuapZn, at\mca apXemb
{K ]TnpXmbm AXp sImw
47 AjvSm[ymbn kq{X KZycq]nemWv.
GsXnepw KZy{Kns henw F{Xsbp
]dbpXn\v \nehnencp {]mNo\coXnbmWv
Ahbnse Acsfn A\pjvTp]vOkns
AckwJybmb 32sImv lcnv, B kwJybpsS
A{Xbpw tmI AXnepsp ]dbpXv.
AjvSm[ymbnbn 1000x32=32000 Acfpv.
51
]Tnmepw ssIhcpX. Fsm alm
mcmb aljnam Kuchtadnb hnjb
sftmepw A\mbmtk\ a\nem
hw X fpsS {K fn shfn hm n
bnpv. Acw hnjb{]Xn]mZ\w p{Z_p
nI sIna {Kfn Fs\ Dm
Im? aljnamcpsS Bib{]Xn]mZ\w Ign
bp{X kpKahpw Aev]Imew sImv {Kln
mhpXpambncnpw. p{Z_pnI cNn
p IrXnI ]Wnsp ]Tnmepw AXy
ev]amb m\em`w am{Xw DmIhn
[n Ignbp{X ITn\amn cNnncnp
p. AhcpsS {K A`yknpXv, ae
adnv Nnnmiv IsSppXn\v Xpeyam
Wv. Bj{KfpsS A[yb\amIs, H
apn\v hnetbdnb \nch[n appI hmcn
smp hcpXpt]msebmWv. hymIcWw
]TnXn\p tijw bmkvIap\n cNn \nL
phpw
48
\ncphpw AYtmSpIqSn Gsg
pamkw sImv ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw
sNWw. \mkvXnIm \nannp Aac
tIm imZn
49
{K fn A\ h[n Imew
hyYamcpXv. ]noSv ]nwKfmNmcy Dm
nbnp Otm{Kw ]Tnv, sshZnIfpw
euInIfpamb OpIfpsS (hrfp
sS) \nbafpw ]ZycN\mcoXnbpw apw hgn
t]mse a\nemWw. Otm{Kw, tmI
cN\mcoXn, {]kvXmc, Fnh \mepam
kw sImv ]Tn p I bpw ]Tn n p Ibpw
sNmw. Aev]_pnIfpsS cN\bmb hr
cXv\mIcw apXembhbn Imew ]mgmcp
Xv. ]noSv a\pkvarXn, hmevaoIncmambWw,
alm`mcXnse DtZymK]hnep hnZp
c\oXn apXemb, ZpcmNmcsf ZqcoIcnp
kwkv Im c k m Z I fmb D a `m K
Imhyw ]Tnnp coXnbn ]ZtZw, AYw,
A\z bw, hnti j W hn ti jy Fnh
`mhmYhnhcWklnXw A[ym]Im ]Tn
npIbpw hnZymYnI ]TnpIbpw sN
Ww. CXn\v Hcp hjw aXn. ]ns ]qhao
amw k, sshti jn Iw, \ymbw, tbmKw,
kmwJyw, thZmw Fo Bdp Zi\sf,
(imkv{Xsf) InmhpnStmew Ejn{]
Wo X fmb hymJym \ tfmSp IqSntbm
AXnsn DahnZzmmcpsS kcfhymJym
\tfmSp IqSntbm ]TnpIbpw ]Tnnp
Ibpw sNWw. Fm thZmkq{X
]Tn p Xn\p apv Cuim hm kyw, tI\w,
ITw, {]iv\w, apWvUIw, amWvUqIyw, sFX
tc bw, ssXn co bw, Otm Kyw, _rl Zm c
WyIw Fo ]v D]\njpI ]Tn
Ww. AXn\ptijw Bdv Zi\fpsS aqe
kq {X sf Ah bpsS hrn tbmSpw `mjy
tmSpw IqSn cpsImn\Iw ]Tnnp
Ibpw ]TnpIbpw sNWw. ]ns sFX
tc bw, iX] Yw, kmaw
50
, tKm] Yw, Fo
\mep {_mWtfmSp IqSn \mep thZfpw
kzcw, i_v Zw, AYw, kw_ w, {Inb
Fnh klnXw BdpsImw sImv ]Tn
Ww. CXn\p {]amWw:
mWp cbw `mc lmcx Inem `q Z [oXy
thZw \ hnPm\mXnftbmfcvYav. tbmfcvY
CXvkIew `{Zaiv\ptX \mItaXn m\
hn[qX]m]vam.
51
Fsmcp a{w \ncpn Dv. thZ
ns kzchpw ]mThpw am{Xw ]Tnv AYw
{KlnmsX Ignbph, sNdnbNnI, Ce
I, ]qhv, Imbv, ]gw Fnhsb hlnp
acw t]m sebpw [m\ym Zn h kv Xp Npap
sImp t]mIp Pphns\tmsebpw "`mc
hmln " AYhm `mcw hlnph am{Xam
Wv . bYm hn[n thZw ]Tnv bYm X Y amb
AYw {Klnbvph PohnXn Xs
]cn]qWamb B\w A\p`hnv , acWm\
cw Xs m\w sImv ]m]sfmw
bn nv , [am \p jv Tm \ ns al z
m ]cam\s {]m]npXpamWv.
DX Xzx ]iy ZZcvi hmNapX Xzx ir
Wz irtWmtXy\mav. DtXm Xzkvssa X\zw
48 \ncpw 713 cpXhW kamavt\ F
Da]pcpj{Inb ImWpXn \nv
\nLphpw bmkvIIrXnsbp sXfnbpp,
49 thZmYt_m[apmIphm Chsbmpw {]tbmP\
{]ZambvIbmepw, \ncpw, \nLp FnhbpsS
A[yb\w sshZnIeuInI i_vZmYt_m[w
\IpXn\mepw aljn AactImiw knm
IuapZn BZnbmbhbpsS A[yb\s Xndbp
XmWv .
50 kma{_mW Fsapv.
51 \ncpw 1.1.8.
52
hnkkvt{X Pmtbh ]Xy DiXo kphmkmx.
(E .10.71.4) ]Tn n m h tIp p s
nepw tIp n ; ImWp p s nepw
ImWpn. kwkmcnppsnepw kwkm
cn p n , hn Zym `ym kw sNm h Cu
hmp I fpsS AYhpw Cu hnZy bpsS cl
kyhpw Adnbphm icmIpn FYw.
i_v Zm Ykw_ a dn bp Hcp h \m Is,
tamSnbmbn BSbpw, `wKnbn B`cWfp
aWnv, ]Xnbm ImanXbmbn Xs icoc
tbpw kucytbpw ]XnbpsS apn
{]Iminnp ]Xv\ntbtmse, hnZy Xs
kzcq]s hnZzmamv kzbtah {]Imin
n pp; ]Tnn m hv {]Zin n
pIbn.
EtNm Atc ]cta thyma bkvan
tZhm A[n hntiz \ntjZpx. bkvX thZ
InarNm IcnjyXn b CZznZpkv X Cta kam
ktX. (E.1.1.64.39) Fpw \ndncnp,
Fm h tc m fp ap X \mb Cuiz c \nemWv
kIe hnZz\fpw kqcymZnIfmb kIe
temIfpw {]XnjvTnXambncnpXv. thZ
fpsS apJyamb s]mcp apgph\pw B PK
Zoizc\nemWv ]cyhkm\npXv. As\
bp B ]c{_s Adnbmh EtKz
ZmZnIfm sXp kuJysanepw t\Sphm
it\m? Hcn epw A. thZm [y b\w
sNbvXv, [mammhpw,tbmKnbpambn. A
samap {_s Bcmdnbphscmw
Cuizc\n nXn sNbvXv tamamIp ]c
am\s {]m]npp. AXn\m ]Tnp
Ibpw ]Tn n p Ibpw sNp Xv apgp h\pw
AYm\tmSp IqSn BbncnWw.
Cns\ Fm thZ fpw A[y b\w
sNbvXtijw BbpthZw,NcIw, kp{ipXw,
ap X emb Ejn { ] Wo X fmb sshZy
imkv{X{K AYklnXw tOZ\w t`
Z\w ikv {X{InbI, \nZm\w, Huj[w {Zhy
KpWw, ]Yym]Yy, icocw, tZiw, Im
ew, hkvXp Fnhsbmw a\nemn
smv \mep sIm n\p n ]Tn p
Ibpw ]TnnpIbbpw sNtXmWv. A\
cw A`y kntXv cmPy kw _ amb
[\pthZamIpp. CXn\v \nPcmP ]pcpj
kw_n, {]Pmkw_n Fns\ cp
]ncnhpIfpv. cmPyX{n HmaXmbn
ssk\y\nb{Ww, ikv{Xmkv{XhnZy, \m\m
{]Imcnep hyql\namWw Fnh A`y
kn Ww. hyql \nam W amWv Cm es
Ihm v . AXv i{Xp tfmSv bpw sNp
tm {]tbmKnphm\mbn \mbn A`ykn
Ww. {]PmkwcWw. A`nhrnsSp
\ymb]qhw \mmsc A\pcRvPnnp \b
X{w, ZpjvSmsc bYmtbmKyw Aa
injvS]cn]me\{Iaw, Fnhsbmw ]Tn
Ww. Cu cmjv{SX{s Cu cv sImw
sImv ]TnWw. ]noSv Km\hnZy Fp
]dbp Kmh thZnse kzcw, cmKw,
cmKnWn, Imew, Xmfw, {Kmaw, Xm\w, hmZn
{Xw, \rw, KoXw Fnh bYmhn[n ]Tn
Ww. Ahbn {][m\ambn kmathZns
Km\coXn hmZn{XhmZ\tmSpIqSn A`ykn
Ww. \mcZkwlnX apXemb Ejn {]WoX
fmb kwKoXimkv {X{Kfpw ]Tn
Ww. Fm hnZqjIm thiymwK\am,
sshcmKnI FnhcpsS hnjbmkn P\
Iamb ]Sp]mpI ]Tnv IgpX IcbpXp
t]mse i_v Znp ioen cp Xv . inev ] hnZy
Fp ]d bm dp AY th Z amWv XpSv
A`ykntXv. AXn ]ZmYfpsS KpW
hnm\w {InbmIuiew \m\mhn[ hkvXp
fpsS \namWw Fp XpSn ]rYnhn
apX BImiw hscbpff hnZyIf`ykn
Ww. sFiz cy k p hn n p Cu
hnZyp tijw tPymXnximkv{Xamb kqcy
knmnse _oPKWnXw, AKWnXw,
`qtKmfimkv{Xw, BImihnZy, `qK`hnZy
Fnh cpsImw sImp ]TnWw. AXp
Ignm Fm hn[nep ssIsmgn
ep I b{ hnZy apX em bXp ]Tn mw.
Fm {Klw, \ {Xw, PmX Iw, cmin,
aplqw apXembhbpsS ê ]dbp
{K sfmw hymP fm I bm Ah
sbmpw ]TncpXv. Cs\ Ccp]tXm Ccp
]nsbmtm
52
sImwsImv kIe hnZy
52 ChnsS hjKW\bn A]mIX kw`hnXmbn
]e hnZzmmcpw KWnpp. aljnbpsS asmcp
IrXnbmb kwkvImchn[nbn A[yb\Imew 31
hjamsWv FgpXnbnpv. (thZmcw`{]IcWw,
Ahkm\ JWvUnI) AhnsS ImeKW\ C{]Imc
amWv. hymIcWw 3 hjw \ncphpw ]nMvKf
53
Ifpw A`yknv Da hnZym`ymkw t\Sn IrX
IrXycmbn kZm B\n hnWw.
Cu coXn bn Ccp ]tXm Ccp ] smtm
hjw sImv e`np m\w asmcp
coXnbnembm \qmp sImpw e`nn.
aljnam henb hnZzmmcpw, kIeimkv{X
hnimcZmcpw [ammfpambncpXpsIm
mWv AhcpsS {Ksf A[yb\w sN
Wsap ]dbpXv. aph A[nIw ]Tn
m Aev]cpw ]]mXnIfpamIbm
AhcpsS IrXnIfpw A{]Imcambncnmt\
CSbpffq.
]qh ao amw kv hymk ap\n cNn
hymJym\w, sshtijnI kq{Xv KuX
aap\n \nan `mjyw, \ymbkq{Xv
hmym b \ ap\n Dm nb `mjyw, ]X
RvPen aljnbpsS tbmKkq{Xv hym
k a lm ap \n bpsS `mjyw, I]n e ap \o Ir X
amb kmwJykq{Xv `mKpcnap\n cNn
`mjyw, hymk ap \n bpsS thZm kq {X
v hmymb\ap\ntbm _u[mb\ap
\ntbm cNn `mjyw, Fo Bj{K
sfmw \mbn ]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw
sNWw. CXymZnIsf Iev]mwKfmbn KWn
mw. EIv, bPpkv, kmaw, AYhw Fo
\mep thZ Cu iz c Ir X fmWv . AXp
t]mse sFXtcbw, iX]Yw, kmaw, tKm]Yw
Fo \mev {_mWfpw in, Iev]w,
hymI c Ww, \nL p\ncp w, O kv ,
tPymXnjw Fo Bdv thZmwKfpw aoamw
kmZn Zi\fmIp Bdv imkv{X D]mwK
fpw BbpthZw, [\pthZw, Kmh
thZw, AYthZw Fo \mep D]thZfpw
Ejnamcmepw ap\namcmepw Dms {K
fm Ip p. Ch bn thZ hn cp am bn p
sXmw XnfbWw. thZ CuizcIr
XamIbm sXnmhbpw kzXx{]amW
fp amWv . thZ v kz bw {]mamWyw
DsYw. {_m WmZn {K sfmw
]cXx{]amWfmWv . AhbpsS {]mamWyw
thZ hm Wnv A[o \ am Ip p. thZ ns
hnti j hym Jym\w EtKz ZmZn `mjy `q an I
53
t\mn Adnp sImtXmWv. Cu {K
nepw A\y{X bYmbpw {]kvXpX hnj
bsn {]Xn]mZnpXmWv.
C\n ]cn Xy Pn s tS {K tf h
sbp t\mmw. Xmsg t] ]dbp {K
sfmw AkXy{KfmIpp. 1. hymIc
Wn ImX{x, kmckzXw, N{nI apKv
t_m[w, IuapZn, at\mca, tiJcw apXemb
h. 2. tImin AactImiw apXembh.
3. Oximkv{Xn hrcXv\mIcw XpS
n b h. 4. in bn AY inmw {]h
yman ]mWn \obw aXw bYm Fp XpS
pXv. 5. tPymXnjn io{Lt_m[w,
aplq Nn m aWn apX em b h. 6. Imhy
n \mbnImt`Zw, Iphebm\w, cLphw
iw, amLw, IncmXmPp\obw apXemb. 7.
aoamwkbn [aknp, {hXmw apXem
bh 8. sshtijnIn Xkw{Klw XpS
nbh. 9. \ymbn PmKZoio apXembh
10 tbmKn lT{]Zo]nI apXembh 11.
kmwJyn kmwJyXzIuapZn apXem
bh. 12. thZmn tbmKhmknjvTw, ]
Zin apX em b h. 13. sshZy im kv {X n
imMvK[ckwlnX apXembh. 14. kvarXn
bn a\pkvarXnbnep {]n]vX tmI
fpw asm kvarXnIfpw. 15. kIe X{
{K, kIe ]pcmW, Fm D]]p
cmW XpfkoZmkcmambWw cpnWo
awKfw apXemb `mjm{K Fnh
sbmw kzIt]meIev]nXfmIbm sIp
IYIfmIpp.
tNmZyw Cu ]d {Kfn Ipdp
t]mepw kXyant?
D cw kzev ]w kXy ap v . ]t Hw
A[nIw Ak Xyhpw Dv . AXn \m Ah
sbmw ""hnj kw ]r m hXv XymPymx''
hnjw Ie `Ww t]mse XymPy
fm Wv .
Okpw (8+4) 1 hjw, kmlnXyw 1 hjw ,
Bdp Zi\w 2 hjw, \mep {_mW
klnXw thZw 6 hjw, BbpthZw 4 hjw
cmjv{SX{w (2+2) 4 hjw KmhthZw4hjw
AYthZw 4 hjw, tPymXnjw 2 hjw BsI
31 hjw. CXv kqW hnZym`ymkn\mhiy
amb ImeamWv. \n_nX hnZym`ymk Imea.
53 aebmfn thZ]cyS\w F t]cn Cu
{Kw XPa sNbvXnpv.
(sshZnIkmlnXy]cnjv, sNq).
54
tNm Xm ]pcm tW Xn lm k sf
AwKoIcnpnt?
D Dv . kXy am b Xns\ am{Xw. Ak
Xys AwKoIcnpn.
tNm GXmWv kXyw? GXmWv anYy?
D {_mWm\oXnlmkm ]pcmWm\n
Iev]m KmYm \mcmiwkocnXn
54
. CXv Krly
kq {X n ep Xm Wv . ""app ]d n p
sFX tc bw, iX ]Yw apX emb {_m W
v CXnlmkw, ]pcmWw, Iev]w, KmY
\mcm iwko Fn s\ Ap t]cp I
fps''mWv CXns AYw.
55
{ioaZv`mK
hXw XpSnbpff {Kv ]pcmWsap
t] C.
tNm XtXmbn ]d {Kfnse
kXyw kzoIm cy at? Fp sImv AXv ,
kzoIcnpn?
D Ahbn ImWp kXysamw imkv{X
fnepXmWv. Ahbnep AkXyamIs,
Ah bpsS kz hpw. thZmZn kXyim kv {X
sf ssIsm p Xm bm kXyw apgp
h\pw {Klnmw. anYym {Kfn \np
kXyw {Klnphm B{Klnp Bfn\v
Ahbnse AkXyhpw IqSn kzoIcnt ]q.
AXn\m ""AkXyan{iw kXyw ZqcXkvXym
PyanXn'' AkXyw Ie {Kfnse kXy
hpw, hnjw Ie `Ww t]mse ]cnXym
PyamWv.
tNm XmfpsS aXw GXmWv?
D thZamWv Fs aXw. A\pjv TnWsa
tm, A\p jv Tn m Xn cn cp sXtm thZw
hn[npw ]Sn Rm {]hnpp
56
. thZw
F\nv kzoImcyamIbm thZw XsbmWv
Fs aXw. Cs\ a\pjyscmw hninjy
t{ijv Tam\h AwKoIcnp hntXmWv .
tNm kXymkXyfpw {KfpsS ]c
kv]chntcm[hpw apw imkv{Xfnepw Dv.
DZm l c W n \v krjv Sn hn j b n
jUvZi\p Xnep A`n{]mb`n
X FSpp ]dbmhpXmWv. krjvSnbpsS
Dhw Ian \nmsWv aoamwkbpw
Imen \nmsWv sshtijnIhpw, ]c
amWpfn \nmsWv \ymbhpw. ]pcp
jmYn \nmsWv tbmKhpw. {]Ir
Xnbn \nmsWv kmwJyhpw, {_n
\nm sWv thZm hpw ]d bp p. CXv
hntcm[at?
D HmaXv, kmwJyw, thZmw, Fo cp
Zi\fnsemgnsI ap \mep Zi\fnepw
krjvSnbpsS Dev]n hniZambn FgpXnbn
n. FgpXnbnpXn hntcm[w CXm\pw.
hn tcm[w Ahn tcm[w Fn h sb n
Xmv m\ an . Rm tNmZn s,
hntcm[w FhnsSbmWpXv? Htc hnjbn
tem, AtXm hn`n hnjbfntem?
tNm Hcp hnj b s n ]e cp sSbpw
hn`nm`n{]mbns\bmWv hntcm[w Fp
]dbpXv. ChnsS "krjvSn' Hcp hnjbam
Wv .
D: hnZy FXv Htm At\ Itam?
HmWv: HmsWn hymIcWw, sshZyw,
tPymXnjw XpSnb `nhnjb Fn
\mWv? Htc hnZybn hn`nfmb At\Iw
hnZyIfpsS Ahbh Iqntv {]Xn
]m Zn p Xv F s\ bmtWm AXp t]mse
krjv Sn bpsS hn`n fmb Bdv Ah b h
sf Bdv Zi\fn {]Xn]mZnncnp
p. AXn Hpw hntcm[an. Hcp IpSw Dm
54 Bizemb\ Krlykq{Xw 3.3.1 se ]mTw
{_mWm\n Iev]m KmYm
\mcmiwkocnXlmk ]pcmWm\oXn FmWv.
ssXcob BcWyIw. 2.9 ChnsS Dcn
]mTw ImWmw.
55 kmbW, ssXncob BcWyIw 2.9 s
hymJym\n CXnlmk ]pcmW FXn\v
{_mWhN\ (CXnlmkw, alm`mcXmZn
]pcmWw, {_mW) Fp ]dbpp.
Aw Xs ssXncob BcWyIw 8.2 epw
(]q\m FUnj t]Pv 563)
_rlZmcWytIm]\njv 2.4.10 s hymJym\
n {ioic ]pcmWsaXn\v
{_mW{KmKXamb hninjvS
hN\sfp \ntZinpp.
56 hnlnXambXp sNpI, AhnlnXambXv
XyPnpI FYw. {]Xntj[nmXns\
AYhm A\pjvTnWsav khntijambn \nt
inmXns\ A\pjvTnmhpXmWv, aoamwkm
Zi\n ssPan\n ]dbpp. hntcms[ Xz\
t]yw kymZkXn ly\pam\av (1.32) (thZhpw
{_mWhpw ]ckv]cw hncpambn ]dm
thZamW,v {_mWa {]amWw).
55
p Xn Iaw, Imew, av , hnNm cw,
kwtbm Kw, hntbmKw XpS nb ]pcp jmY
({]bXv\). {]IrXnbpsS KpW,
IpihFnhsbmw ImcWfmWv. AXp
t]mse krjvSnbpsS ImcWamb Ians
hymJym\w aoamw k bn epw Ime n s
hymJym\w sshtijnInepw
57
. D]mZm\
ImcWns hymJym\w \ymbnepw, ]pcp
jmYns hymJym\w tbmKnepw, XXz
fpsS A\p { I a amb ]cn K W \ bpsS
hymJym\w kmwJynepw \nanImcWam
bncnp {_ns hymJym\w thZm
nepw hnkv X cnp sNbv Xn cn p p. Ch
sbmpw ]ckv]c hncpa. sshZyimkv{X
n \nZm\w NnIn , Huj [ {] tbm Kw,
]Yyw apXemb hn`n {]IcWfpv. Ah
bp sS sbmw ]c a eyw tcmK \n hm cWw
am{XamWv AXpt]mse krjvSnbpsS Bdv Imc
Wfn Hmtcmpw Hmtcm imkv{XImcm
hymJym\nncnpp. AXn\m AXnsempw
hntcm[an. CXns hnkvXrX hymJym\w
krjvSn{]IcWn sNmw. A[yb\m[ym
]\fnse hnLv\sfsbmw XyPnWw.
Zpjv S kwkKw, Ip Ip Sn, thiym K a\w,
_mey hn hm lw, (C cp ] n bp hb n\p
apv ]pcp j \pw, ]Xn \mdp hb n\p apv
kv {Xobpw hnhmlw sNp Xv ) ]qW amb
{_ Ncyw ]men m Xn cn p I, thZw XpS
nb kXyimkv{Xsf {]NcnnpXn
`c Wm [n ], amXm ]n Xm m, hnZzm m
Fnhv sshapJyw, AXn`mjWw, A[nIw
DdsamgnpI, ]TnpXnepw, ]con
s Sp Xnepw aSntbm Ifthm ImWn p I,
hnZymem`s kthm]cnbmbn IcpXmXncn
pI, {_Ncym _ew, _pn, ]cm{I
aw, BtcmKyw, cmPyw, [\w Fnh hnp
sap hnizknmXncnpI, Cuizcs\ [ym\n
msX Icnn sImnb AtNX\ hn{K
lsf hWpXn shdpsX Imew If
bpI, A\am, AXnYn, Kpcp, hnZzmm
Fnhsc kXyhn{Klfmbn IcpXn Ah
cpsS ip{iq jbpw kwkKhpw sNm Xn cn
pI, hWm{ia[asf XyPnv tKm]np
dn, appdn, `kvapdn Fnh [cnpI, s]mp
sXmSpI, cp{Zmame [cnpI, Xpfkname
[cnpI, GImZin t\mpI, {]tZmj{hX
amNcnpI, Imin apXemb efntev
XoYbm{X sNpI, cma, IrjvW, \mcm
bW, inh, `KhXn, KW]Xn apXemb \ma
kv a cWw Fn h bm ]m] a Ip t]mIp
sap hnizknpI, I]Sk\ymknamcpsS D]
tZiw tIv hnZym`ymkn A{i, hnZym
[y b \w, [am \p jv Tm \w, tbmKm `y k \w,
Cuiz tcm ]m k\ Fn h sbmw shSnv
]pcmWsap ]dbp `mKhXw XpSnbh
bnse sIpIY tIm tamw Inpsap
hnizknpI, AXym{Klw, aqew [\n
am{Xw {inv hnZysb shdppI, Apanpw
shdpsX AepXncnbpI Cs\ ]e A\m
hiyfn s]Sph {_Ncyhpw hnZybpw
kmZnmsX tcmKnIfpw aqVmcpambno
cp p. PmXn ap d b \p k cnv ZznP cmb Cm
es {_mW aphsc hnZy, kwKw
Fnhbn \nv AIn XfpsS hebn
IpSpn AhcpsS icocw, a\kv, [\w Fn
hsb \innpIbpw{XnbmZn PmXnm
]Tnv hnZzmmcmbm Ah XfpsS IpSp
n \nv csv XfpsS Icsa
madnv A]am\ntpsap hnNmcnp
Ibpw sNpp. Cs\bp hnLv\sf
`cWm[nImcnIfpw P\fpw tNv Hgnhmn
XfpsS asf ]Tnphcmphm ico
cw, a\kv, [\w Fnhbm {]hnWw.
tNm kv{XoIfpw iq{Zmcpw thZw ]Tn
tWm? Ah ]Tnm ]ns \mw Fp
sNpw? Ah ]TnWsaXn\v {]amWw
Cs p am{X a \ntj [ app Xm\pw:
kv {Xo iq{Zu \m[o bm Xm anXn {iptXx
(kv{Xobpw iq{Z\pw ]TncpsXv {ipXnbp
p FYw)
58
D kIe kv {Xo]pcpj mpwa \p
jys mw ] Tn m Ah Im i ap v . Cu
{ipXn hmIyw \nfpsS kzw IrXnbmWv.
{]mamWnI {KfnsempapX. CXp
58 \kv{Xo iq{Zu thZa[obmXmav,
Fv aoamwkbpsS \ymb{]Imi SoImImc
cYImcs At\ym[m\m[nImcsav
{]IcWmynepcnnpv.
57 tizXmizXtcm]\njn (1.2) krjvSn
ImcWfnsemmbn Imens\ KWnnpv.
56
ambn t]mbn InWn NmSnsmI. kIe
a\p jypw thZmZn imkv {X ]Tn p
hm\pw sNmntphm\pw A[nImcaps
Xn\v bPpthZw Ccp ] n bm dm a ym b
nse cmas a{w {]amWamWv:
btYamw hmNw IeymWoamhZm\n Pt\`yx
{_ cm P \ym`ym(Mv ) iq{Zmb Nmcymb N
kzmb NmcWmb.
Cuizc ]dbpp (bYm) Fs\ Rm
(Pt\`yx) kIea\pjypw (Camw) Cu (I
eym Wow) awK f {] Z bmb AYhm kwkm c
n \nv tamkpJw \Ip (hmNw)
EtKzZmZn \mep thZhmWnIsf (B hZm\n)
D]tZinppthm, As\ \nfpw sNbvXp
sIm n cn n. ""ChnsS P\ i _v Z sa Xn\v
ZznPmsc am{XamWv {KlntXv. Fs
m, kvarXnIfnepw ap {_mW{Xnb
sshiyp am{Xta thZm[yb\n A[n
ImcapXmbn ]dnpq. kv{XoItm
iq{ZmZnItm A[nImcapsv ]dn
n'' Fp kwibw tXmmw. AXn\pc
ambn ]dbpXmWv {_lvacmP\ym`ymw Fp
XpSp a{`mKw. Cuizc AcpfpXp
t\mpI ({_cmP\ym`ymw) {_mW,
{ Xn b Fn hp w (A cym b)
sshiy\pw (iq{Zmb) iq{Z\pw (kzmb) Xs
`rXym, kv{XoI apXembhpw (Ac
Wmb) AXniq{ZmpambnmWv thZsf
\mw {]IminnnpXv. Fm a\pjycpw thZ
]TnnpIbpw, ]TnpIbpw, tIp
Ibpw, tInpIbpw sNbvXv m\s
hnnv, kXvIa sNpIbpw ZpjvIr
Xy XyPnpIbpw sNbvXv, ZpxJfn
\nv hnap cmbn ]c am \ s {]m]n p
amdmIs FYw. C\n ]dbpI, \nfpsS
hmn s\tbm, Cuiz c hm Wn tbtbm Rm
hne hbv Ww? Cuiz co b h N\w Xs
km\yw. Fnpw AXns\ am\nmbm
\mkvXnI\mWv. ""\mkvXntIm thZ\nIx''
thZs \nnpIbpw AwKoIcnmXncnp
Ibpw sNph\mWv \mkvXnI. iq{ZcpsS
\ Cuizc Cnpnt? thZm[yb\hpw
thZ {i h Whpw ZznPp hn[n p Ibpw
iq{Zv hnepIbpw sNphm Xhw
Cuizc ]]mXnbmtWm? iq{Zv {ih
Whpw ]T \hpw \njn sa n Ahv
\mpwsNhnbpw sImSpsXn\v? ]rYnhn,
Pew, An, hmbp, N{, kqcy, AmZn
]ZmY Fnhsbmw Fmhpw D]
tbmKnphm\mbn krjvSnncnpXpt]mse
Fm a\pjypw thnbmWv thZ{]Imi
\hpw. C\n iq{Z A[yb\w sNcpsXp
h \ntj[hpw Fm\pw Dsn Xs
AXns AYw C{]ImcamWv. ]TnpIbpw
]Tn n p I bpw sNbv Xm a\ n em m
Ah a_pnbpw aqV\pambXpsImv iq{Z
\mWv. Ah ]TnpXpw Ahs\ ]Tnn
pXpw \njvêamWv. AXpt]mseXs,
kv{XoI ]TncpsXv hnepXv \n
fpsS aqVXbpsSbpw kzmYnsbpw B[n
IyamsX asmpa. I\yIamv A[yb\w
hn[np {]amWw t\mpI
{_ N tcyW I\ym bp hm\w hntX
]Xnav (AY 11.24.3.18) ]pcpjm {_Ncyw
A\pjvTnv, ]qWhnZym`ymkhpw Daamb
inWhpw t\Sn bphXnIfpw hnZpjnIfpw,
A\pIqeIfpw, A\pcq]Ifpw, {]nbIfpamb
]Xv\namsc kzoIcnpXpt]mse (I\ym)
I\yIbpw ({_NtcyW) {_Ncyw A\p
jvTnv, thZmZnimkv{X ]Tnv, ]qWhn
Zybpw DainWhpw t\Sn ]qW buh\w
{]m]n p tm X\nv Xpey\pw {]nb\pw
hnZzm\pw (bphm\mav) bphmhpamb ]pcpjs\
(hn tX) {]m]n s FYw. AXn \m
kv {XoIv {_ N cyhpw hnZym `ym khpw
AXymt]nXamWv.
tNm kv {XoIfpw thZm [y b\w sN
tWm?
D \nbambpw. {iuXkq{Xw XpSnb
{Kfn ""Caw a{w ]Xv\o ]tTXv''
59.
bmK n ]Xv \n a{w sNmWw Fp
59 ]Xv\nw hmNbXn ta[ymtassh\mw ItcmXn
]ssXy{]Zmb hmNtbZv.... thtZmfkn hnnckn
(Bizemb\ {iuXkq{Xw 1. 11) bXv ]Xv\o
]ptcmf\p hmIyma{_qbmXv (ssXcob
{_mWw. 1.6.5.6.) mtX N hmN\w \ly
hnZzm hnlntXmfkvXn.(aoamwk 3.8.18)
Chbnsemw a{]mTw hnZpjnbmb kv{Xot
sNm Ignbq Fp hyampp.
60 iX]Y{_mWw14.6.6.
KmKobmhevIykwhmZw.
57
\ntinppv. thZmZnimkv{X A[y
b\w sNbvXnnm Hcp kv{Xov bmKn
kzcklnXw a{w Dcnmt\m, kwkvIrX
n kwkmcnphmt\m Fs\ Ignbpw?
`mc Xo b \m co k aq l ns `qj Wamb
KmKnbpw apw thZimkv{X]cwKXbmb hnZp
jn bm bn cp sv iX ] Y {_m Ww ]d bp
p.
60
]pcpj ]Tnph\pw, kv{Xo ]Tnn
mhfpambncnpI AYhm ]pcpj ]ma
c, kv{Xo hnZpjnbpw Fp hm hoSp
tXmdpw kZm tZhmkpcbpw \Spw. ]ns
KrlkpJw FhnsS? kv{XoI ]TnmsXbn
cp m I\ym ]m T im e bn Ah sc s\
A[ym ]n I am cmIpw? \ymb m[n ]XnXzw XpS
n b cmPy Imcyw t]mse Kuc h ap
Krlm{iaIrXy \nhlnpI, ZXn
am ]ckv]cw {]oXntbmSpIqSn hnpI,
Krl`cWw kv{XobpsS A[o\n Imcy
aambn \SpI apXembh kv{XoIv ]Tn
nmXncpm Fs\ \Spw?
Bcym h nse {Xnb kv {XoI
[\pthZwbphnZyIqSn \mbn Adnn
cpp. Asn ssItIbnbpw apw ZicY
t\mSpw apw tNv bp`qanbnendn t]mcm
SnbsXs\?

61
{_mWkv{XoIfpw kIe
hnZy Ifpw A`y kn Ww. sshiy kv {Xo I
s]cpam coXnbpw iq{Zkv{XoI shp]Wn
apXembhbpw A`yknWw. hymIcWw, [a
imkv{Xw, kmaqly\oXn Fnhsbmw ]pcp
j m Gsd psd A`y kn p Xp t]mse
kv{XoIfpw hymIcWw, [aimkv{Xw, sshZyw,
KWnXw, inev]hnZy Fnhsbmw \nb
ambpw ]TnWw. ]Tnnsn kXymkXy
sf XncndnbpI `mhnt\mSpw apw A\p
Iqeambn s]cpamdpI, km\p Pw
\In bYmhn[n hfn ]TnnpI, Krl
Ir Xy sfmw th Xp t]mse sNp I,
sNnpI Fnhsbmpw Ahp Ignbp
X. sshZym\apsnte Huj[Xp
eyamb A]m\mZnI Dmphm\pw Dm
nphm\pw km[nq. inev]hnZybn Adn
hnsn hoSp ]Wnbnphm\pw, hkv{X,
B` c W Fnh Dm np hm\pw
km[ya. IWv ]Tnnsn hchpsNehp
IWpI a\nemphm\pw aphtcmSp
IWp ]dbphm\pw IgnbpX. thZmZnim
kv{XfpsS m\ansn Cuizct\bpw
[a tbpw Adnv A[a n \nv
AIp \np hm km[y a , AXn \m
{_Ncyw, Dain, hnZym`ymkw Fn
h bm kzk m \ fpsS ico c n\pw
Bm hn\pw ]qW _ e ap m n, Ahsc
amXm]nXm, `mhv, iz{ipiziqcm,
`c Wm [n ], P\ , Abhm kn I,
kvt\lnX, _p, km\ apXem
bhtcmSv [aw, tbmKyX Fnhbv\pkcnv
s]cp am dm {]m]v X cm p amXm ]n Xm
fmWv IrXIrXycpw [\yhmZmlcpw. sImSp
pwtXmdpw Gdp Ab\n[n CXpXs
bmWv. apff ksmw sNehp sNpw
tXmdpw Ipdbpw. AhIminI hoXw hs
Sppw. hnZym[\w am{Xta Imv Im
\pw AhIminIv hoXnsSpm\pw Ign
bmXmbpq. AXns cWw, h[\w
Fnh `c Wm [n ] sbpw P\ fp sSbpw
XpeyIhyfmWv.
I\ym\mw k{Zm\w N IpamcmWmw N
cWav (a\p. 7. 152) _memscbpw I\yI
amscbpw ap]d Imev {_Ncym\p
jvTm\tmsS ]TnntXv `cWm[n]s
I hy am Wv . Cu Bsb A\p k cn
m amXm]nXmmsc innWw. Fp
hbp XnI BIpnIfpw s]Ipn
Ifpw KpcpKrlnemsX asmcp honepw
]mcpXv. kamh\n\p apv hnhmlw
sNp I bp a cp Xv . Fp cmP I ev ]\ Dm
Ww FYw.
kcvthjmtah Zm\m\mw {_Zm\w hnin
jytX. hmcytKmalohmkkvXneIm\
kchv]njmav (a\p. 4.233) Pew, Aw, ]ip,
`qan, hkv{Xw, Fv, kzWw s\v XpSn
bh Zm\w sNpXnepw t{ijvTw thZhnZym
Zm\amWv. AXn\m icocw, [\w, a\v Fn
hbm Ignbp{X ]cn{ianv hnZym`nhrn
bpmWw. {_Ncyw, hnZym`ymkw, thZ
hn ln X [aw Fn hbv pw Al amb
{]Nmcw knnp cmPyamWv ku`mKyap
tZiw.
61 hmevaoIn cmambWw,
Atbm[ymImWvUw 9.11 & 11.18 &19
58
{ _ N cym { i a n se in W{ Iaw
kwt]ambn ]dp. ASp \memw kap
m k n kam h \w. Krl m {ia
inWw FnhsbgpXmw.
{ioaZv bm\ kckzXn kzmanIfm
inWhnjbw {]Xn]mZnp
aqmw kapmkw Ignp.
59
kXymY{]Imiw \memw kapmkw
4
\memw kapmkw
kamh\w, hnhmlw, Krlm{iahn[n
Fnhsbn ]dbmw
AY kamh\ hnhmlKrlm{iahn[nw hymax
thZm\[oXy thZu hm thZw hm]n bYm
{Iaw. AhnpX{_Ntcym Krlm{ia
amhntiXv. (a\pkvarXn 3.2) {_Ncyn
BNmcys\ A\pkcnp hknv [am\pk
cWw \mtem aqtm ctm AYhm Hcp
thZtam AwKtfmSpw D]mwKtfmSpw IqSn
A[yb\w sNbvXtijw AJWvUnX {_
Ncyw ioen ]pcpj\pw kv{Xobpw Krlm
{iaw ssIsmWw.
Xw {]XoXw kz[cvtaW {_Zmblcw
]nXpx. {kKznWw Xev] Bko\acvltbXv
{]YawKhm. (a\pkvarXn 3.3)
ANv Os b Sp \ntm BNm cys
ASp \ntm kz[aw A\pkcnv {_
ZmbshnZybmIp `mKs kmZn
tijw ame b Wnv In en Ccn p
hnZymnsb Kpcp BZy ambn tKmZm\w
sNbvXv kcnWw. I\yIbpsS ]nXmhpw
As\ tKmZm\w sImv Abmsf k
cn Ww.
Kpcp Wm\paXx kv \mXzm kam hrtm
bYm hn [n . DZz tlX Zz n tPm `mcymav
khcvWmw eWm\znXmav (a\pkvarXn 3.4)
Kpcphns B{]Imcw Ipfnv
1
Kpcp
Ipen \nv hn[n{]Imcw aSn hXn\p
tijw {_m W {Xn b ssh iy m
hWm\pIqeambn kpcnbpw eWbp
bpamb I\yIsb hnhmlw sNWw.
Ak]nWvUm N bm amXpcktKm {Xm N
bm ]nXpx. km {]ikvXm ZznPmXo\mw Zmc
IcvaWn ssaYpt\ (a\pkvarXn 3.5)
AbpsS Ipen Bdp Xeapdbmbn
_w hbvmXpw ]nXrtKm{Xn s]Sm
Xpamb I\yIsb hnhmlw sNpXmWp
NnXw. CXns {]tbmP\w ]tcm{]nbm Ch
ln tZhmx {]XyZznjx (iX]Yw)
2
]tcm h kv Xp hn Df hm Ip {]nbw
{]XyhkvXphn \nbambpw DmhpI
bn. Hcph Ievns KpW tI
dn nt Dq. Xnn n. Fn Ahs
a\kv kZm Ievn Bkambncn
pw. ]tcmamb ]Zmns\ ]pIgv p
Xp tIptm AXp Inphm Iei
emb sImXnbpmIpw. AXpt]mse Zqc
bm b, kzw Ipe n tem A bpsS Ipe
ntem ASp Nm bn m I\y Isb
XsbmWv hnhmlw sNtXv. AIXpw
ASp Xp amb hnhm l fpsS KpW tZm j
]dbmw.
1. _meyImew apX ASpSpp ]mv
1 KpcpIpense _ncpZ[mcnbpsS t]cv
kv \mXIs\mWv .
2 iX]Yw 14.6.11.2
60
kXymY{]Imiw
HcpanpIfnv, CWnbpw ]nWnbpw \Sv
kz`mhKpWhpw tZmjhpw Ipnmes N]
eXIfpw Adnv ]ckv]cw \cmbntmepw
In p h Xn hnhmlw sNbv Xm
Ahv ]ckv]ct{]aw Hcnepw DmhpI
bn .
2. shn shw tNpXpsImv
hne W Kp W sampw Dm Ip n AXp
t]mse Astbm AbpsStbm Ipen
\np hnhmlw sNpXpsImv icocn
ep [mXp amdnadnbmbvIbm km\
]ccbvv DXn e`npIbn.
3. ]men ictbm Nptm ap acpp
Itfm tNm AXp IqSpX \XmIpw.
AXp t]mse `n tKm{X fn P\n h
Astbm AbpsStbm hwiw hgn _
an m h Xn hnhmlw sNp Xv
t{ijvTamWv.
4. Hcp tZip hknptm tcmK{KkvX
\mbncnpbm ew amdnmaknm
hmbp, `Ww, shw, apXembhbn amw
hcpXpsImv tcmKap\mIpXpt]mse
ZqctZiob Xnep hnhmlw Daêw
\Ipw.
5. kao ] p \np hnhmlw sNbv Xm
At\ym\yap kpJZpxJ Adnbphm\pw
]c kv ]c hntcm [ ap m Ip hm\pw CS bp v .
AIp ]mphv CXn\nSbmhpIbn.
Zq cw hn pwtXmdpw t{ ]a X p hn \v
ssZLyhpw ZmVyhpw hnpw. kao]
cpsS Imcynens\ kw`hnn.
6. ZqctZifn _w hm AhnSps
ham\fdnbphm\pw ]Zm Inp
hm\pw Ffp ap v . ASp {]tZ ip
hnhmlw sNbvXm AXv km[ya. AXpsIm
mWv ZplnXm ZpcvlnXm Zqtc lnXm `hXo
Xn
3
I\yIsb Zqcev hnhmlw sNbvX
bbv pXv t{ibkvIcamIbmepw ASpp
sNbv X bbv p Xv Am bv I bm ep amWv
Ahv ZplnXm Fp t]cp hXv.
7. s]Ip n I ]nXr Kr l n tebv p
sNptmsgmw Ahp hXpw sImSpt
Xocq. AXn \m I\ym ]n Xm hns hon
Zmcn{Zyw DmIphm\pw CSbpv.
8. `mcym `m m cpsS ]nXr Kr l
ASpncpm AhnsS\nv klmbw e`n
psa lpv CcpIqpw DmIpXmWv.
AXp\nanw `mcym`mm sNdpXmbn
]nWptmtgpw `mcy Xs hontebvp
s]mbvfbpw. Xqew CcpIqpw Xn
\nbpw hntZzjhpw hnpIbpw sNpw.
Fsm anhmdpw s]pfpsS kz`mhw
hfsc XovWhpw arZphpw BIpp.
CXymZn ImcWfm ]nXrtKm{Xn
\ntm Bdp XeapdIfn GsXnepw _w
hn p amXr Ip e n \ntm ASp
ep \ntm hnhmlw sNpXv \X
.
alm y]n kar m\n tKmfPmhn [ \ [m
\yXx. kv{Xo kw_t ZssiXm\n Ipem\n
]cnhcvPtbXv (Sn. 3.6)
[\w, [m\yw, ]ip, BSv , B\, IpXn c,
cmPyw, kv{Xo apXembhsbmw F{X kar
ambpsnepw C\n FgpXp ]p Ipe
fpambpff hnhml_w hPnWw.
lo\{Inbw \njv]pcpjw \oivOtm tcma
imcvikw. mabmhy]kvamcnizn{XnIp
jvTnIpem\n N. (Sn. 307)
kXvIa sNmXv, kXv]pcpjm
cnmXv, thZm[yb\n sshapJyap
Xv, DSen \o tcmafphcpXv, Ai
kv, bw, Imkizmk, Anamyw, A]
kvamcw, ]mv, IpjvTw, Fo tcmKfpff
Xv , Fo Ipe fn ]nd h Xn
hnhmlw ]mSn . Fs m Cu ]d
tZmjfpw tcmKfpw ]IcpXmWv. AXn
\m DaIpefneph Xn am{Xta
hnhmlw ]mSpq.
t\mZztlXv I]nemw I\ymw \m[nImwKow
\tcmKnWow. \mtemanImw \mXntemamw \
hmNmSmw \ ]nwKfmw (Sn. 3.8)
a\ndaph, ]pcpjt\m XSnanSp
ph, tcmKnWn, Xosc tcmaanmh,
hfsc tcmaaph, hmbmSn, Nph Ip
h, C s\ bp s]In Sm sf
thcpXv.
3 \ncpw 3.4
61
\cvhr\Zo\mav\ow \my]cvhX\m
anImw. \ ]ylnt{]jy\mav\ow \ N òj
W\manImw. (Sn. 3.9)
Aizn\o. `cWo, tcmlnWotZhn, tchXo
_mbn, Nnco apXemb \{X\mafp
h, Xpfko, Imn, tdmkn, sNIw, apXemb
hr\mafph, KwKm, bap\m, apXem
b \Zo\mafph; NWvUmfo apXemb
t \m a fp h hn y, ln am e bn ,
]mhXn apX emb ]h X \m a fp h,
tImIne, ssa\, apXemb ]n\mafp
h \mKo, `pPwKm apXemb k\mafp
h, amt[mZmko, aocmZmkn, CXymZn t{]jy
\mafph òaIpamcn NWvUnIm, Imfo
apXemb `bc\mafph Cs\bp
I\yIamsc hnhmlw sNcpXv. Fsm
Cd t]cpI IpnXfpw ap ]Zm
sf IpdnphbpamIpp. AhywKmwKow
skuay\mav\ow lwkhmcWKman\ow. X\p
tematIiZi\mw arZzwKoapZztlXv kv{Xnbw
(Sn. 3.10) sshI eyhpw sshcq ]y hp an m
AwKfp, btimZm kpJZm apXemb a[p
c\mafp, lwknstbm ]nSnbm\bp
sStbm t]mse \Sp kqvafmb tcma
, XeapSn, ]pI, Fnhbp tImaf
fmb AwKtfmSp IqSnb I\yIsbbmWv
hnhmlw sNtXv.
tNm: hnhmln\v Ghpw \ Imew
GXmWv? Ghpw \ coXn GXmWv?
Dcw ]Xn\mdp apX Ccp]p hb
p hsc I\y Ibv pw Ccp ] p hbp
apX \mev]sp hbkp hsc ]pcpj\pw
hnhml{]mbamWv. Fnepw ]Xn\mdmw hb
kn kv {Xobpw Ccp ] n bmw hb n
]pcpj\pw hnhmlw sNpXv A[aamWv.
18 Asn 20 hbn kv{Xobpw 30, 32
AYhm 40 hb n ]pcp j\pw hnhmlw
sNpXv ayaamIpp. 24 hbp XnI
kv {Xobpw 48 hbp XnI ]pcp j\pw
Xn hnhmlw sNpXmWv Daw. C{]
Imcw t{ijvTamb hnhml \nbahpw {_N
cytmSp IqSnb hnZym`ymkhpw \mbn {]N
cn p tZi amWv kpJ k q ambn `hn
p Xv . {_ N cy \n jv T amb hnZym `ym k a
msX _meyImehpw AtbmKy Xnep
hnhmlhpw \Sp cmPyw ZpxJn apgp
Ipp. Fsm, {_Ncy\njvTamb hnZym
`ymkw, hnhmlk{Zmbw Fnh ]cnjv
cnm Fmw \mIpw. Ch cpw Zpjnm
Fmw Zpjnpw.
tNm (1) Ajv S hcv jm `th Zv Kuco \h
hcvjm N tcmlnWo. Zihcvjm `thZv I\ym
XX Ducv[zw cPkzem.
(2) amXm ssNh ]nXm Xkym tPyjvtTm
{`mXm XssYh N. {XbkvtX \cIw bmn
ZrjvSzm I\ym cPkzemav.
Cu cp tmI ]mcm icn bnepw
4
io{Lt_m[ nepw
5
FgpXnmWphbm
Wv. Fmas hbn Kucn Fpw H
Xmas hbn tcmlnWo Fpw ]m
as hbkn I\ym Fpw AXn\p tijw
cPkzem Fpw s]IpnIv t]cp ]d
bp p. ]p hbkp Xn I bp Xp hsc
IeymWw IgnpsImSpmsX, s]Ipnsb
cPkzebmbn ImWm\nSbmIp amXm]nXm
, tPyjvTktlmZc Fo aqpt]cpw
\cIn ]XnpXmWv FmWv tmI
fpsS Aw.
D {_tmhmN ({_mhp ]dp:)
(1) GIWm `thZv Kucn ZzntWbw
Xp tcmlnWo. {XnWm km `thXv I\ym
lyX Ducv[zw cPkzem.
(2) amXm ]nXm XYm {`mXm amXptem
`Kn\o kzIm. kcvh tX \cIw bmn ZrjvSzm
I\ymw cPkzemav.
CunsS Dmnb {_]pcmWnep
hN\amWnXv. F{X kabw sImv Hcp ]c
amWp Nenpthm A{X kabsbmWv
Hcp Ww Fp ]dbpXv. Hcp s]Ipn
]nd m Ahv BZys W n
Kucn Fp w cm as W n
tcmlnWn aqm as W n I\yI
Fpw kw I BIpp. \mem as
Wn Ah cPkzebmbnocpp. (1)
4 ]mcmicokvarXnv eLp, _rlXv Fo
]mTfpv. eLp]mTnse 7mw
A[ymbw 6 Dw 8 tmIfmWnh.
5 io{Lt_m[w 1mw A[ymbw tm. 54,65 (]Xnns
hyXymka\pkcnv tmIkwJybpw amdpw)
62
kXymY{]Imiw
A{]Imcw cPkzebmb I\yIsb ImWp
W n Xs Ah fp sS A\p w
Abpw ktlmZc\pw Amh\pw ktlmZ
cn amcpw Fmw \c I n ]Xn pp (2)
FmWv CXns Aw.
tNm Cu ]d tmI {]am W
tfm?
D FpsIm. {_mhns tmI
t]mepw {]amWasn \nfpsS ]Zyfpw
{]amWa.
tNm sImmw sImmw. ]cmic\pw Imin
\mY\pw {]mamWyw Cstm?
D: _tet`jv! {_mhpw {]mamWnI\s
tm. ]cmict\bpw Imio\mYs\bpw Im
{_mhv henbh\stm. \n {_m
hns tmIsf hI hbvpnsn ]cm
i c stbm Imio \m Y stbm tmI sf
Rpw th.
tNm: \nfpsS tmIn Akw`hyap
Xn\m {]amWa. P\\kabp Xs
At\Imbncw W Ignpt]mIpp.
AXn\nSbn hnhmlw Fs\ \Spw? B
ka bp hnhmlw \S p Xp sImv
bmsXmcp êhpanXm\pw.
D: Fs tmIn Akw`hytZmjap
sn AXv \nfpsS tmInepapv.
Fs m Fv , HXv As n ]p
hbp {]mbamIptm hnhmlw sNpXv
\njvêw Xs. ]Xn\mdp hbp Ignv
Ccp ] n \mep hb n \Iw hn hmlw
sNbv Xm ]pcp js hocyw ]cn ] Izhpw
icocw _en jv T hp am I bm epw kv {XobpsS
K`mibw hfp IgnXpw icocw _en
jvThpamIbmepw Dakm\w P\npp.

5
Fp hbp {]mbamb Ipnv kmt\m
ev ]n Akw ` hy am bn cn p Xp t]mse
Kuco, tcmlnWo apX emb t]cn Sp Xpw
Akw`hamWv.
I\yI KuchWb. IdphfmsWn
Kucn Fp hnfnpXv icnb. IqSmsX
Kucn alm tZ h s bpw tcmlnWn hkp tZ h
sbpw ]Xv\namcmbncpp. ]pcmWhnizmkn
Ifmb \n Ahsc amXrXpeyw _lpam
\npp. kIe I\yIamcpw KucnbmsWpw
apw kev]nm ]ns hnhmlw sNp
XmscbmWv? AYhm sNbvXmepw B hnhmlw
[am \p kr X am Iptam? AXn \m \n fp
sSbpw Fsbpw tmI shdpw `mh\bm
Wv. Rm {_tmhmNm Fp]dv tmIw
DmnbXpt]mse ]cmicmZnIfpsS t]cpw
]dv tmIapmn. Ccw {]amW
sfsbmw hensdnv, thZsf {]amW
amn FmImcyfpw sNWw.

6
a\pkvarXn
t\mpI:
{XoWo hcv jm Wyp Zo tX Ipam cyr Xp
aXo kXo. Ducvzw Xp ImemtZXkvamZzn
tX kZriw ]Xnav (a\p. 9. 90)
I\yI EXpaXnbmb tijw aqpsImw
IgnbpXphsc `mhns\ At\zjnpsIm
ncnpIbpw AXn\ptijw A\pcq]\mb
]pcp js\ `m hmbn hcn p Ibpw sN
Ww. Bhw amkwtXmdpamWv. aqmp
sImv apmdp {]mhiyw cPkzebmbXn
\ptijw hnhmlnXbmIpIbmWpNnXw. ap
.
ImaamacWmnjvtTZv Krtl I\ycvp
(aljnbpsS ASnpdnmWnXv ]cn`mjItX)
* hnhm tlm Nn X amb hb kns\ {]m]n n n m
kv {Xo]p cp j m cpsS K`m [m \s [\z co ap\n
Cs\ kp{ipXn\ntj[npp.
Du\tjmUicv hjmbma{]m]vXx ]hnwiXnav
bZym[t ]pam Kcv`w Ipnx k hn]ZytX
PmtXm hm \ NncRvPothothZzmZpcv_te{nbx
XkvamZXy_membw Kcv`m[m\w \ ImctbXv
(kp{ipXw, icocm\w 10. 4748)
AYw: ]Xn\mdp hbkp XnIbm kv{Xobn Ccp]
p hbkp {]mbamIm ]pcpj K`m[m\w sNp
Xmbm B K`w Ipnbnencpv hn]ns\ {]m]n
pp, AXmbXv, KÌmew ]qWambtijw Dev]
amhpn. Dev]ambms ZoLImew Pohnp
Ibn. Pohnmepw Zp_te{nb\mbncnpw. AXn\m
AXn_meymhbn K`[mcWw ]mSn Cs\
krjv Sn{Iaw ImWpIbpw _pnsImv BtemNnpIbpw
sNptm 16 hbkp XnIbm kv{Xobpw 25 XnI
bm ]pcpj\pw kXypev]mZ\ac Fp sXfn
bpp. CXn\p hn]coXw sNph ZpxJns `mK
`mpIfmhpIbpw sNpw.
6 GXZpw `hXn at{ssWhm\pkrXw Icv
Icvhyav (a{thZsf A\pkcnp am{Xta
Iaf\pjvTnmhq Fp ]dnpv. kvI
\ncpSoIm12. 1mw `mKw 19mw t]Pv
63
aXy]n. \ssNssh\mw {]btp KpWlo
\mb IcvlnNnXv (Sn. 9.89)
BWpw s]pw acW]cyw Ahnhmln
Xcmbncns. ]t AkZriAt\ym\yw
tNbnm KpWIa kz`mhtfmSpIq
Sn b h Xn hnhmlw Hcn epw ]mSn .
{]mbw XnIbpXn\p aptm tNbnm
h Xntem hnhmlw sNpXv icnbsv
CXpsImp knnpp.
tNm: hnhmlw A \ amcpsS Cjv Sw
t]msetbm Ipn I fpsS Cjv Sw t]msetbm
thXv ?
D: IpnIfpsS CjvSa\pkcnv hnhmlw
\SpXmWv Daw. A\amv k
X am sW nepw Ipn I fpsS k X an msX
hnhmlw \S p Xp \ X . ]c kv ]c
kwXr]vXntbmSpIqSn hnhmlw sNp Z
Xn amv ]c kv ]c hntcm[w hfscpdp
am{Xta DmhpIbpq. km\ A[nIw
\m bn cn p Ibpw sNpw. Akw Xr ]v Xn
tbmSp IqSn \Sp hnhmlw kZm ZpxJ{]
ZamhpItb Dq. hnhmlns êw A\p
`hnth h[qhcmcmWv. amXm]nXm
mc. ]ckv]cw kvt\lapmbm kpJhpw
hntcm[apmbm ZpxJhpw `mcym`m
mp am{Xta Dq.
kpjvtSm `mcybm `cvm `cvm `mcym
XssYh N. bkv an t h Ipte \nXyw
IeymWw X{X ssh {[phav (Sn. 3.60)
`mhv `mcytbmSpw `mcy `mhnt\mSpw
kv t\l ]qw hn p Ipe n
kpJhpw evanbpw Ionbpw \nhknp
p. ]ckv]chntcm[hpw Ielhpw DnSv
ZpxJhpw Zmcn{Zyhpw ZpjvIonbpw IpSntb
dpp. AXn\m Bcymhn ]cc
bmbn \Sphcp kzbwhccoXnbmWv D
aw. hn hm ln X cm Ip hm B{K ln p
kv{Xo]pcpjmcpsS hnZy, hn\bw, kz`mhw,
cq]w, hbkv, _ew, Ipew, icocns henw
XpSnb Fm Awifpw ]ckv]cw tbmPn
Ww. tbmPnnsn hnhmln Hpw
kpJw DmhpIbn. AXpt]mse _meyhn
hmlhpw kpJ{]Za.
1. bphm kphmkmx ]cnhoX BKmXvk D
t{ibm `hXn Pmb am\x. Xw [ocmkx
Ihb Dbn kzmt[ym a\km tZhbx.
(E. 3.8.4)
2. B t[\thm [p\ b m a in izox
k_cv ZpLmx iibm A{] ZpKv mx. \hym
\hym bphXtbm `hocvalthm\makp
cXztaIav (E. 3.55.1)
3. ]qcv hoclw icZx i{iamWm tZmjm h
kv tXmcpjtkm Pc box. an\mXn {inbw
Pcnam X\q\ma]yq \p ]Xv\ocvhrjtWm P
Kaypx (E.1.179.1)
1. GsXmcp ]pcpj (]cnhoXx) D]\b\w
Ignh\pw {_Ncya\pjvTnvv Dain
Whpw hnZym `ym khpw t\Sn b h\pw (kp hm
kmx) `wKnbp hkv{Xw [cnh\pw {_
Nmcnbpw (bphm) ]qWbuh\s {]m]n
h\pamb tijw hnZym`ymkw sNbvXv Krl
m{ian (BKmXv) {]thinppthm
(k, D) Ah Xs hnZybmIp cmw P
n (Pmbam\x) {]ikvX\mbn (t{ibm)
t{ibph\pw awKf{]Z\pambn (`hXn) `hn
pp. (kzm[yx) icnbmb [ym\bpamb
(a\km) hnm\m (tZhbx) hnZym
`nhrnsb Cnphcpw ([ocmkx) ss[cy
aphcpamb (Ihbx) hnZzmm (Xw) Ah
s\bmWv (Dbn) DX]Zhnbn {]Xn
jvTnpXv. {_Ncyw A\pjvTnv hnZybpw
inWhpw kmZnmsXtbm _meymh
bntem hnhmlw sNp kv{Xo ]pcpjm
Xosc A[x]Xnv k\v BZchnm
sXbmbnocpp.
2. (A{]ZpKvmx) Bcpw Idnnm (t[
\hx) ]ipsftmse (Aizox) _meymh
mclnXcpw (k_cvZpLmx) kIe kXv{]
hrnIfnepw kacpw (iibmx) IuamcZ
isb AXn{Ianhcpw (\hym\hymx) Ghpw
]pXnb inWfmepw AhIfmepw ]cn
]qWIfpw (`hox) Bbncnp (bphX
bx) ]qWbuh\tmSpIqSnb kv{XoI (tZ
hm \mav ) {_ N cymZn {hX tfmSp IqSnb
]qWhnZzmmcpsS (GIav) AZznXobambpw
(alXv) hnimeambpw (AkpcXzav) imkv{Xm
[y b\w sImp kwkv I cn _pn bn
({]bn) canpp F `mhms
{Kln h fmbpw Xcp W \mb `m hns\
64
kXymY{]Imiw
{]m]npIbpw sNbvXv (B[p\bmav) K`w
[cns. _meyImev Hcnepw ]pcpjs\
a\kmt]mepw kvacncpXv. Fsm, Cl
tem I nepw ]c tem I nepw kpJ ap f hm
p Iaw CsXm p am {X am Wv . _mey hn
hmlw sImv ]pcp j mp m Im hp
Xnepw \miw kv{XoIpmIpw.
3. Fs\ (\p) thKw (i {i am Wx)
AXyw ]cn{ianphcpw (hrjWx) hocy
tkN\w sNpXn kacpw ]qWbu
h \ tm Sp Iq Sn b h cp amb ]pcp j m (]
Xv\ox) buh\bpIfpw a\kn\nWnbh
cpamb `mcyamsc (PKaypx) {]m]nnv, \qdp
hjtam A[nItam Imew B\a\p`hnv,
]p{X ]u {Xm Zn I tfm Sp IqSn hkn p Xp
t]mse kv{Xo]pcpjm kZm hnWw.
(]qhox) app (icZx) EXpfpw (Pcb
x) hmIys Dmphbmb (Dj
kx) Djkpw (tZmjm) cm{Xnbpw (hkvtXmx)
]Iepw (X \q \m av ) ico c fpsS ({in b av )
tim`sb (Pcnam) ZqcoIcnp Zu_eysbpw
hm Iy tbpw Dm n bn cp Xp t]mse
(Alav) Rmkv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw (D) \
hw (A]n) \nbnv, {_Ncy]qw hnZy
tbbpw in Wtbpw ico c i n tbbpw
B_etbpw kmZnv, buh\w {]m]n
Xn\ptijw am{Xta hnhmlw sNbvIbpq.
CXn\v hn]coXamb hnhmlw thZhncpam
Ibm Hcnepw kpJ{]ZamhpIbn.
Ejn amcpw ap\n P \ fpw cmPm mcpw
almcmPmmcpw apt{ijvTmcpw Cs\
{_ N cy tm Sp IqSn hnZym `ymkw sNbv X
tijw am{Xw kz bw h c k { Zm b n
hnhmlw sNbvXpt]m Imev Cu cmPyw
A`ypZbs {]m]nphp. {_Ncy]qw
hnZym `ym k an m Xm hp Ibpw amXm ]n Xm
mcpsS CjvSm\pkcWw hnhmlw sNm\pw
XpSnb Imew apXv Cu Bcymh
tZ i ns A[x ] X\w {Ia ambn XpS n.
AXn\m Cu ZpjvSk{Zmbw XyPnv, \
h kzbwhccoXn kzoIcnWw. Cu hnhmlw
hWm\p{Ianepw hWm\p{Iaw KpWIa
kz`mhsf A\pkcnpXpambncnWw.
tNm: A\am {_mWcmsWnte
Hcph {_mW\mhpIbptm? A{_mW
cpsS av Hcnepw {_mWcmIphm
km[npIbnt?
D: km[n pw. At\Iw t] As\
apIm ev {_m W cm bn p v . Ctm
{_mWcmIppapv; taen {_mWcmhp
Ibpw sNpw. Omtm tKym ] \n j n,
As PmXn GXm sW dn p Iq Sm
Pm_meEjnbpw
7
, alm`mcXn {Xn
bPmXnbn P\n hnizman{X

8
, NWvUmf
Pm Xn bn ]nd amXw K ap\n Fn hcpw
{_m W cm b h cm sWp ]d n p v
9
Cmev hnZzmmcpw kz`mhnIfpambh
XsbmWv {_mWcmbncnm tbmKy.
]Tnpw kz`mhKpWhpanm aqVm iq{Z
cmWv. `mhnbnepw As\Xs.
tNm: ctPmho cy tNp mb
icocw amdn asmcp PmXnbmIm Fs\
tbmKyamIpw?
D: ctPmhocy tNm {_mWi
cocw DmhpIbn.
kzm[ymtb\ Pss]cvtlmssakvss{Xhn
tZy t\ PybmkpssXx alm b ssiv O
bss {_mobw {InbtX X\px (a
\p. 2.28) CXns AYw apsmcnSp ]d
npv
10
. ChnsSbpw Npcpndbmw. (kzm
[ymtb\) A[yb\w, A[ym]\w (Pss]x)
a\\w sNbv I, sNn n p I, hnhn [ tlm a
sNpI, thZw apgph\pw i_vZmkw
_m\tmSpw kztcmmcWtmSpw
IqsS ]Tn p Ibpw ]Tn n p Ibpw sNpI
7 km (Pm_mem) ssl\aphmN \mltaXtZzZ XmX
bZvtKm{X kvXzakn _lzlw Nco ]cnNmcnWo
buht\ Xzmaet`.............. Xw tlmhmN (BNmcyx)
ss\XZ {_mtWm hnhpacvlXn.
(\ns tKm{XsasXs\ndnhn. ]cnNmcnWn
bmb Rm hfscbnSfn t]mbnpsv A
]dpsh kXyw Kpcphnt\mSv ]dtm
Kpcp ""\o A{_mW\msWp hnhnX\mIm
Al\'' Fp]dp) (Om D. 4.4.25)
8 IYw {]m]vXw almcmP {XntbWalm\m
hnizmant{XW [cvam {_mWXzw \ccvj`.
(a.`m. A\p.31, 2)
9 mt\aXwtKm {_mWyame`Zv `cXcvj`
NWvUmetbm\u PmtXm ln IYw {_mWyamhm
]vXhm (a. `m. A\p. 3.19)
10 t]Pv 88
65
Fn h bmepw (C Py bm) ]uWao Znhkw
A\pjTnp CjvSn apXembhbmepw (kq
ssXx) apv hnh cn n p hn[n b \p k cnv
[am \p krXw km t\m ev ]m Z\w sNpI
sImpw (almbss) ]qtmamb
{_ b w, tZh b w, ]nXr b w,
sshiztZhbw, AXnYnbw Fn
s\ bp ] alm b sf smpw
(bssivN) AnjvtSmaw XpSnb b
hnZzm m cpsS tkh \ kXv m c ,
kXy`mjWw, ]tcm]Imcw apXemb kXvIa
Fnhsbsmpw inev]hnZy A`y
knv ZpcmNmcsf XyPnv kZmNmc]qhw
Pohn p Xp sImpw (C bw) Cu (X \px)
icocw ({_mo) {_mWtXv ({InbtX)
Bbn `hnpp.
tNm: Cu hN\s \n AwKoIcn
p pthm?
D: AwKoIcnpp.
tNm: ctPm hocy kwtbm Kw sIm p
PmXn hy h sb ]ns s\ AwKo I
cnpw?
D: Rm am{Xa At\I ]ccbmbn
AwKoIcnnpXmWv.
tNm: \n ]mccyn\p {]mamWy
tbpw JWvUnppthm?
D: C. ]t, \nfpsS sXnmcWsb
AwKoIcnmsX JWvUnppshtbpq.
tNm: Fs [mcW sXmsWpw \n
fpsS [mcW icn bm sW p ap Xn \p
sXfnshv?
D: sXfnhp Xcmw. \n Atm Btdm
Xe ap d bn \S p h Xv k\m X \ amb
\SmsWp hnNmcnpp. R thZhpw
krjvSnbpw DmbXpapXv Cthscbp
]mc cys {]am W ambn kzoI cn p p.
t\mpI, t{ijvT\mb ]nXmhn\v ZpjvS\mb
]p{X\pmImdpv. \hs ]nXmhv ZpjvS
\mbncnmdpv. Nnetm ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw
t{ijvTcpw Nnetm Ahcncphcpw ZpjvScpw
BbnmWpp. \n sXncnncnpp.
tb\mky ]nXtcm bmXm tb\ bmXm
]nXmalmx. tX\bmbmXmw amKw tX\
K cn jytX.(Sn. 4.178) A ap
Fnh \S amneqsSbmWv km\
fpw kcn t Xv . Fm (k Xm av )
k\fmb ]nXr]nXmalmcpsS amK
neqsS am{Xta Ncnmhq. ZpjvScmb ]nXr
]nXmalmcpsS ]mhn Hcnepw k
cncpXv. Fsm [ammfmb ]pcp
jt{ijvTcpsS amKw ]nXpSm ZpxJap
mhn. CXp \n AwKoIcnpnt?
D: \nbambpw AwKoIcnpp.
tNm: IqSmsX PK Zo izc{]Im in X amb
thZm\p am{Xta k\mX\ambncnpIbp
q. AXn\p hncpambsXmpw k\mX\am
sWp hnNm cn mt\ h. C s\ bt
Fmhcpw NnntXv.
D: \nbambpw Fmhcpw Cs\Xs
NnnWw. AmhtcmSv Cs\ tNmZn
Ww: Zcn {Z \mb ]nXm hns ]p{X [\
hm\mbmepw As Zmcn{Zys t{ibkvI
csatmv km`nam\w Xs [\w hens
dn btWm? As ]p{X \mbn ]nd h
Ip cpw Ipn sm n p If btWm?
Zpjv Ss aI Zpjv {] hr n I am{Xta
sNmhq Fp \nbaaptm? C Hcnepan
. ]qh]pcpjm ]ccbm sNbvXpt]m
t{ijvTIrXy sNbvIbpw ZpjvIrXysf
XyPn p Ibpw sNp XmWv Fm hpw
DNnXw. ctPmhocykwtbmKmkv]Zamb hW
hy h AwKo I cn p Ibpw KpW Iam [n
jv TnX amb PmXn hy h sb Xnc kv I cn p
Ibpw sNphtcmSv Cs\ tNmZnWw.
XfpsS {_mWPmXn shSnv NWvUm
e t\m {Inkv Xym \n tbm apkamt\m Bb
hs\ Fp sImv {_m W s\v \n
KWnpn? Ah {_mWhrn XyPn
Xn \m {_m W c m Xm sb mhmw Cu
tNmZyn\pcw. CXn \nv {_mWp
hnln X amb D a Ia f \p jv Tn p
{_mWcpw \oNPmXnIfn P\nhscnepw
DXvIrjvSPmXnmcpsS KpWIa kz`mhKp
Wap hcpw D X Pm Xn bn s]Sp Xmbn
Icp X W sa pw D X Pm Xn bn P\n npw
\oN Ia sNp hsc \nIr jv S Pm Xn
bn ]ndhcmbn hnNmcnWsapamWv a\
knemIpXv.
66
kXymY{]Imiw
tNm: {_mtWmky apJamkoZv _mlp
cm P \yx IrXx Ducq XZky bssZziyx
]Zv`ymMv iqt{ZmfAPmbX.
bPpthZw 31mw A[ymbw ]Xns\mmw
a{amWnXv. {_mW Cuizcs apJp
\n pw {Xn b _mlp fn \npw
sshiy Ducpfn \npw iq{Z ]mZ
fn \npw Dmbn FmWv CXns
Aw. apJw ImhpItbm Iv apJam
hpItbm C. Aw {_mW {Xn
bmZnIfmhpItbm {XnbmZnI {_mW
cmhpItbm sNpIbn.
D: Cu a{ n \p \n ]d bp
Aw icnb. Fsm ChnsS ]pcp
j AYhm \ncmImc\pw khhym]nbpamb
]cammhns\nbmWv ]dbpXv. \ncmIm
c\mb ]cammhn\v apJhpw ahbhfpw
Dmhm Xcan. Dsn Ah kh
hym ]n b . kh hym ]n b s n kh i
, PK ns krjv Sn nXn kwlm c
Imhv, PohmmfpsS ]pWy]m]
Adnv êhyhI sNph, kh
, P\\acWanmh apXemb hnti
jWv Al\pa. AXn\m Cu a
{ns Aw C{]ImcamWv (Aky)
kh hym ]n bm bn cn p ]c am m hns
krjvSnbn (apJav) apJsat]mse Fm
nepw apJy D a B bn cn p h
({ _m Wx) { _m W\p w (_m lq )
""_mlpcvssh _ew; _mlpcvssh hocyw''
_ew hocyw Fn h bpsS \mam c amWv
_mlp;
11
Fp iX]Y{_mWnepXn
\m _ehocy A[nIaph (cmP\yx)
{Xnb\pw (Ducp) Acsns Nphnepw
apns apIfnepambnp Ducphns _ew
sImv FmbnSpw kcnph (ssh
iyx) sshiy \pw (] Zv `ymw) ico c ns
Xmgs Ahbhamb ]mZw t]mse aqVX
apXemb A[aKpWtfmSp IqSnbh (iq
{Zx) iq{Z\pw BIpp. iX]Y{_mWw apX
emb ap {K fnepw Cu a{ ns
Aw C{]Imcw XsbmWv hymJym\nn
pXv.
bkvamtZtX apJymkvXkvampJtXm ly
krPy CXymZn
12
Ch apJycmbXpsImv apJn \np
mbn Fp ]dbpXv kwKXamWv. apJw
Fm Ah b h fnepw t{ijv T am Wv . AXp
t]mse ]qWamb sshZpjyw, D a amb
KpWIakz`mh Fnh \nanw a\p
jy hK n t{ijv Tsc {_m W Fp
]dbpp Fw. \ncmImc\mb Cuizc\v
apJw apXemb Ahbh C. Atm
Ahbn \np P\npIsbp ]dbpXv
hym]p{Xs hnhmlsahw Akw`hy
amWv. {_mWmZnI apJw apXemb Ahb
h fn \nmWp P\n sX n D]mZm \
ImcWns BIrXn Ahp e`nt
Xmbncpp. hrmImcamb apJn \np
mb {_mWcpsS icochpw hrmImcam
bncntXmWv. {XnbcpsS icocw _mlp
tftmsebpw sshiycpsS icocw Ducp
tftmsebpw iq{ZcpsS icocw ]mZtftm
sebpw BbncntXmWv. Fm Imcyw
As\b. IqSmsX ""CuizcapJp \np
mbhv {_mWkw Dmbncpp.
Fm \nfpw aphsc t]mse K`mi
bn \npmbhcmIbm \nv B
kw e`n n . apJ p \n p m ImsX
{_mWcmWv Xsfv hrYm A`nam\np
hcmWv Fv \ntfmSv Bcm\pw ]dt
bv mw. \n ]d A a Rm
]d a{mamWv kXyw. A\y{X ]dbp
p.
iqt{Zm {_mWXmtaXn {_mWss
Xn iq{ZXmav. {XnbmmXtahw Xp hnZym
ssZziymssYh N (a\p. 10.65)
iq{Z Ip e n P\n h\v {_m W
{Xnb sshiy FnhcpsS KpWIakz
`mhfpsn Ah {_mWt\m {Xn
b t\m sshiyt\m BIp p. AXp t]mse
{_mW s tbm {Xn b s tbm sshiy
stbm Ipen ]nd Hcphs KpWIa
kz`mh iq{Zs BsWn Ah iq{Z
\mIpp. {Xnbstbm sshiystbm Ipe
n ]ndhv {_m W stbm iq{Z
11 Cu aqew Cp e`yamb iX]Yn Zriya.
12 XkvamtZtX apJym apJtXm lykrPy
(ssX. kw 7.1.1.4) XmcXaymYw.
67
stbm KpWIakz`mhfpsn Ah
{_mWtcm iq{Ztcm BIpp. \mep PmXn
IfnteXn P\nmepw KpWIa\pk
cnv kv{Xo]pcpjmcpsS PmXn \nWbn
Wsaw.
1. [cvaNcybm PLt\ym hcvWx ]qcvhw
]qcvhw hcvWam]ZytX PmXn ]cnhrsu.
2. A[cv a N cybm ]qcv thm hcv tWm
PL\yw PL\yw
13
hWam]ZytX PmXn
]cnhrsu
Cu B]kvXw_kq{XfpsS Aw ]d
bmw
1. \nIrjvSPmXnbn P\nnp Hcph
[am \p jv Tm\w sImv DXv Ir jv S amb
PmXnsb {]m]n p p. tbmKy X b \p k cnv
PmXnbn Ahs\ KWnpXmWv.
2. AXpt]mse DXhWPmX A[am
\pjvTm\m XmWPmXnsb {]m]npIbpw
GXp hWn tNcphm tbmKyXbptm
B hWn Ahs\ KWnpIbpw sNp
p.
]pcp j msc tbmKy X b \p k cnv Hmtcm
PmXnbn KWnpXpt]msebmWv kv{XoI
fpsS PmXnhyhbpw. Cu hyh \nanw
Fm hWfpw AhchcpsS KpWIakz
`m h tfm Sp IqSn ]cn ip ambn hn p
sap knn p p. {_m W Ip e n
{Xn b t\ tbm sshiy t\tbm iq{Z t\tbm
t]mse Hcp h Dm bn cn p I bn . CXp
t]mse {Xnbsshiyiq{ZhWfpw ]cn
ipambncnpw. hWkcX DmIpX
. Xn anw Hcp hW n\pw \ntbm
AtbmKyXtbm DmhpIbpan.
tNm: Hcp hs GI ]p {Xt\m ]p{Xntbm
CXchWn s]m ]ns amXm]nXm
msc Bcp ip{iqjnpw? IqSmsX hwihn
tZw hcphm\pw CSbpv. CXn\v FmWp
]cn lmcw?
D: BcpsS ip{iqjbvpw XIcmdn. Xd
hmSp apSn bp I bp an . X fpsS ap
]Icw X fpsS PmXn sm h ap
km\sf, hnZzmmcpsS k`bntem cmP
k Z ntem sNp hyh {] Imcw CXc
hWfn \nv Ahp e`npXmWv.
KpWIaf\pkcnp Cu hWhyh
s]InSmp ]Xn\mdp hbpw ]pcpj
mp Ccp]nbp hbpw Dtm
sNWw. {_m W {_mn Wn tb bpw
{Xnb {Xnbtbbpw sshiy sshiy
tbbpw iq{Z iq{Ztbbpw hnhmlw sNWw
Fnte AhcpsS PmXn[a bYm{Iaw
\SpIbpw ]ckv]ckvt\lw \ne\npI
bpapq. C\n \mep hWfpsSbpw KpW
Iasf hnhcnmw.
1. A[ym ] \ a [y b\w bP\w bmP\w
XYm. Zm\w {]Xn{Klw ssNh {_mWm\m
aIev]bXv (Sn. 1.88)
2. itam ZakvX]x iuNw mncmPh
tah N m\w hnm\amkvXnIyw {_
Icva kz`mhPav (KoX. 18.42)
1. ]TnpI, ]TnnpI, bw sNpI,
sNnpI, Zm\ sImSppI, {]Xn{Klw
hmpI, Chbmdpw {_mW\p hn[n Ia
fm Ip p. Fm {]Xn {Klx {]Xy hcx
F a\p hN\m {]Xn{Klw hmpXv
\oNIaamWv.
14
2. (iax) Zpjv Ia sNphm CnpI
t]mepw sNmXncnpI, A[aamKn
Ncnphm a\ns\ A\phZnmXncnpI.
(Z ax) sNhn, Iv , apX emb mt\ {n b
sf A\ymbmNcWn \np \ntcm[nv
[a amK n {]hn n p I; (X ]x)
{_ Nm cnbpw PntX {n b \p am bn cpv kZm
[aw A\pjvTnpI (iuNw)
AZv`ncv Km{XmWn ip[yn a\x ktXy\
ip[yXn hnZymXt]m`ymw `qXmm _pn
mt\\ ip[yXn
(a\p. 5. 109)
PewsImv icocns _mlymhbh
fpw kXymNcWm a\kpw hnZy [am\p
jvTm\w Fnhbm Pohmmhpw m\w
sImv _pnbpw ]cnipamIpp. Bcn
Iamb cmKtZzjmZn tZmj _mlyamen\yw
13 B]kvXw_ [akq{Xw 2.5.11, 1011
14 a\p 10. 109 (bw, A[ym]\w apXembhbm
Imebm]\amWpaw.)
(kuP\yw hmcpsXv Xmev]cyw)
68
kXymY{]Imiw
Fnh AIn ]cnip\mbncnpI. kXym
kXysf Xncndnp kXys sImp
Ibpw AkXys XpIbpw sNpI. Ch
]cnipnbntev a\pjys\ \bnpp. (m
nx) \nm {]iw k I, kpJ Zpx J ,
iotXmjvW, em`\jvS, am\m]am\
, hnipw Zmlhpw apXemb ktmj
km] hI hbvmsX [an ZrV
NncmbncnpI (BcvPhav) s]cpamn
]ucpjw, A`nam\w, ITn\kz`mhw, IpSneX,
apXemb tZmjsf XyPnpI, (m\av)
thZmZn kIeimkv{Xfpw kmwtKm]mwKw
]Tn p Ibpw ]Tn n p Ibpw sNp hm \p
kmayw, hnthI]qhIamb kXymkXy
\nWbw, hkv Xp sf bYmXYam bn tN X
\s tNX\ambpw PUs PUambpw Adn
bpIbpw s]cpamdpIbpw sNpI (hnm\
av) ]rYnhn XpSn Cuizc]cyap kIe
Xnsbpw hntijm\tmSpIqSn Ahsb
tbmKyambn D]tbmKnphm AdnbpI. Cuiz
c, thZw, tamw, ]p\w Fnhbn
ep hnizmktbpw [am\pjvTm\w, hnZym
[yb\w, kwKw Fnhtbbpw amXm]nXm
, Kpcp, AXnYn Fn h cpsS ip{iq j
tbbpw Hcp \mfpw XyPn p Itbm \nn p
Itbm sNm Xn cn p I, Cs\ ]Xn \p
Kp W Ia { _m W Pm Xn bn ep
hsmw Ahiyw DmbncnthbmWv.
1. {]Pm\mw cWw Zm\anPym[yb\tah
N. hnjtbjz{]kn {Xnbky kam
kXx (a\p. 1.89)
2. iucyw tXtPm [rXncvZmyw bpt
Nm]y]emb\w Zm\aoizc`mh m{Xw
Icvakz`mhPav (KoX. 18.43)
1. \ymb ambn {]Pm ] cn ]m e\w sNp I
AXmbXv ]]mXw IqSmsX \hsc cn
p Ibpw Zpjv Ssc inn p Ibpw sNbv Xv
Fm h scbpw bYm tbmKyw ]cn ]m en p I
(Zm\av) hnZybpw [ahpw {]NcnnpXn\pw
k\sf kXvIcnpXn\pw kp
sNeh gn pI. (C Pym) An tlm{Xw XpS
nb b sNpI, sNnnpI (A
[yb\av) thZmZnimkv{X ]TnpI ]Tn
npI (hnjtbjz{]knx) hnjbkpJm
k\mImsX PntX{nb\mbn kZm Imbn
Iinbpw B_ehpw hnnpI.
(siu cy av ) At\ Im bncw i{Xp sf
Hbvv FXnpXn `banmbva, (tXPx)
kZm tXPkv Zo\`mhanm ZrVKmwòcyw
([rXnx) ss[cyw (Zmyav) cmP{]Pmkw_
nXamb Fm Imcyfnepw s]cpamfn
epw imkv {X fnepw alm ssh ZKv yw (bp
t) ]nncnp ]memb\w sNmsX bp
n \n`bXzhpw ANeXzhpw F
s\bpw hnPbn\mbn t]mcmSp kz`mhw
]memb\w sNbvXm Pohcbpw Pbhpw
e`ysan As\ sNm kX (Zm
\ av ) Zm\ ioew (Cu iz c `m hx) ] ]mXw
CmsX kIetcmSpw bYmtbmKyap s]cp
amw, \Xpw Nobpw AdnpsImv Zm\w
sNpI, {]XnmewL\w hcpmXncnpI
Fns\ {XnbcpsS KpWIa ]{
samWv.
]iq\mw cWw Zm\anPym[yb\tahN
hWnIv]Yw IpkoZw N sshiyky Irjn
tah N. (a\p. 1.90)
(]ipcWw) IpImenIsf kwcn
pI (Zm\w) hnZym[afpsS A`nhrnv
kp \IpI (CPym) Antlm{Xw apX
emb b sNp Ibpw (A [y b \w)
thZm Zn im kv {X A`y kn pI (h WnIv
]Yx) khhn[amb IhSw \SpI (Ip
koZw) \qdpdpnIbvv \mtem Btdm Ftm
]{tm ]Xn \mtdm Ccp ]tXm AW bn e
[nIw ]eni ]msX ]Ww sImSpp hmp
I Hcp \qmp Ignmepw apXens Ccn
bn IqSp X emb ]en i hm msX ]W hym
]mcw sNpI. (Irjnx) IrjnsNbvXp hnfsh
SppI. Chsbmw sshiys KpWIa
fmIpp.
GItahXp iq{Zky {]`px Icva kamZn
iXv. GtXjmtah hcvWm\mw ip{iqjma\
kqbbm (a\p.1.91)
\ny, Cujy, Almcw apXemb tZmj
shSn v , {_m W {Xn b ssh iy
msc thhw ip{iqjnv PohnXw Ignp
IqpIam{XamWv iq{Zs KpWhpw Iahpam
bn p Xv . Cs\ \mep hW fp sSbpw
KpWIa Npcpn ]dp. Bcn GXp
69
hW ns KpW Ia ImWp pthm
Ahp am{Xta B hW n tNcm
A[n Imcw \Im hq. C{] Imcw \nb an X am
bm kIeP\pw A`ypZbapmIpw.
ImcWw, DXvIrjvS hWmv XfpsS
km \ aqV cm bm iq{Z cm bn tm Ip
sap `bapmIpw. Xp hn[n kz`m
hKpWhpw hnZym`ymkhpw Csn X
iq{Zcmbn t]mIpsa `bw AhcpsS km
\pw Dmbncnpw. \nIrjvSPmXnbn
P\n hv DXv Ir jv S hWs {]m]n p
hm HupIyw hnpw. hnZytbbpw [a
tbpw {]N cn n p hm \p A[n Imcw
{_m Wp Xs sImSp Ww. Ah
]qWsshZpjyw kmZnhcpw [manIcpam
Ibm Ahv B tPmen sNphm Ignhp
v. \mSp `cnphm A[nImcw {Xnbp
am{Xw sImSpm cmPyImcy Hcnepw
apSpIbn. ]ip]me\w apXembh sshiy
mp hnp sImSp Ww, B sXmgn
\mbn sNp hm Ahp in bpv .
iq{Zp ip{iqjm [n Imcw am{Xw hn[n Xv
Ah ]Tnnmhcpw aqVmcpamIbm,
hnm \ kw _ n bmb {]hr n sbmpw
sNp hm Ahv Ign hn m bv I bm em Wv .
Fm Ahp ImbnIinbpv. C{]
Imcw Ia i n b \p k cn p hW sf
Ah c h cpsS m\ fn {]hn n p
Xv `cWm[n]cpsS IhyamWv.
hnhmlns eW
{_mtm ssZh kv X ssY hmcv jx {]mPm
]XykvXYmkpcx Kmcvthm cmkss
h ss]imNmjvStamf[ax (a\p. 3.21)
{_mw, ssZhw, Bjw, {]mPm ] Xyw,
Bkp cw, Kmhw, cm kw, ss]im Nw,
Fns\ hnhmlw Fphn[nepv. Ch
bpsS eW ]dbmw.
1. hn[n{]Imcw {_Ncy{hXtmSpIqSn
kmZn ]qWsshZpjyw, [manIX, kuio
eyw, FnhtbmSpIqSn h[qhcm ]ckv]cw
t{]atmsS \Sp hnhmlamWv {_mw.
2. henb bw \Sp Ahkcfn
EXznns\ PmamXmhmbn hcnv, s]m]
fWn I\yIsb `mcybmbn \Ip
XmWv "ssZh' hnhmlw.
3. hcs ssIbn \nv kzev ]w Zm\w
hmn I\yIsb Zm\w sNpXn\v "Bjw'
Fp ]dbpp.
4. [ans A`nhrnsb eyamn \S
p hnhmln\v "{]mPm]Xyw' Fp ]d
bpp
5. hc\pw I\yIbvpw ]Ww sImSpp \S
p hnhmlw "BkpcamWv.'
6. hnhm l ns ka b co Xn I f \p k cn
msX ]ckv]cm\pcmKm `mcym`m
mcmIpXns\ "Kmhw' Fp ]dbp
p.
7. bpw sNbvXp _emmtcWtbm I]
Samtbm I\yIsb A]lcnpsImpt]mIp
Xn\v cmkw Fp t]cmWv.
8. DdpItbm aZytam atm IpSnv aXnad
n cn p Itbm sNp I\y Isb _em
wKw sNpXn\v "ss]imNw' Fpw t].
C d Fp Xcw hn hm l fn
AXnt{ijv Tw {_m hn hm l am Wv . ssZhw,
{]mPm ]Xyw Fnh a[y a fpw Bjw,
Bkp cw, Kmhw, Fnh \nIr jv S
fpamWv. cmkw A[ahpw ss]imNw AXn
\oNhpat{X. h[qhcm hnhmln\p apv
GImambn ktfncpsXv Xocpam\nm
hp Xm Wv . kv {Xo ]pcp j m cpsS bu \
nse GImktf\w tZmjIcamWv. I\y
Ibvpw hc\pw hnhmlImeambm{_N
cyhpw ]T \hpw apgp h \m p hm Htm
Actbm sImw _mnbptm I\yI
bpsSbpw hcsbpw Nn{Xw FSpnv s]Ip
nIfpsS A[ym]Iv BIpnIfpsS Nn{X
hpw BIpnIfpsS A[ym]Iv s]Ip
n I fpsS Nn{Xhpw Ab p sIm Sp Ww.
GtXXp h[qhcmv tN ImWppthm
AhcpsS PohNcn{XwP\\w apXv At
hscbp Fm ImcyfpaSnb ]pkvXIw
Dsn AXp hmn A[ym]I hmbnp
t\m Ww. Kp W Ia kz `m h v
s]mcpw Im, As\bp kv{Xo]p
cpjmcpsS Nn{Xhpw Ncn{Xhpw At\ym\yw
sImSpv AhcpsS A`n{]mbw Adnbnphm
Kpcp m Ah tcmSp ]d b Ww. Ccp hcpw
hnhm l n\p k Xn m Ccp h cp sSbpw
70
kXymY{]Imiw
kamh\w Hcpanp \SWw. A[ym]I
cpsS kmnyn hnhmlw \Sphm
CcpIqcpw Cnp ]w KpcpKrln
htm Csn I\yIbpsS ]nXrKrln
htm hnhmlw \S p Xm Wp Nn Xw. Ccp
hcpw t\cnp IpI gn m Kpcp m,
amXm]nXm, apXembhcpsS apn shv
Ahscsmv kw`mjWhpw imkv{Xm
hmZhpw \SnWw. Ahv At\ym\yw
cl ky ambn hXpw tNmZn dn b W sa n
k`bn hpXs Fgppaqeap tNmtZym
c sImv AdnpsImWw. cp
t]pw At\ym\yw Dd t{]a ap sp
Im ApapX Ahv Da`Ww
sImSpnphm GmSp sNWw. {_N
cyw, hnZym[yb\w Fo X]kpw tifpw
\nanw Zp_ e amb icocw N{ e hf
cpwt]mse IpdpZnhkw sImv ]pjvSamIpw.
K`m[m\hn[n
AXn\ptijw I\yI cPkzebmbncpp
Ipfnp ipamb Znhkw hnhmlaWvU]hpw
thZnbpw \nanv kpK{ZhysImpw
LrXmZnIsImpw tlmaw sNbvXv hnZzmm
scbpw hnZpjnItfbpw bYmtbmKyw k
cnWw. ]noSv K`m[m\n\v tbmKyamb
Znhkw kwkv Im c hn[n F {K nse
hn[nb\pkcnv kIeIafpw sNbvXv a[y
cm{Xn ka btm Akv X anp ]p \m gn
Ibvp tijtam AXyw {]kcmbn kIe
P\fpsSbpw apn hv ]mWn{KlW]qh
Iambn hnhml{Inb apgph\pw \Sn hnP\
amb ib\Krln {]thinWw. ]pcpj
hn[n{]Imcw hocym]\hpw kv{Xohocy{K
l Whp w sN Ww. { _ N cy n se
hocys IgnbpnStmfw hyamn
f bm Xn cn Ww. B hocyhpw cPkpw IqSn
tpmIp icocw Dakm\amIp
XmWv. hocyw K`mibntep hogmdmIp
tm kv{Xo]pcpjm Ccphcpw ncico
ccmbpw In\p t\sc Iv, aqn\p t\sc
aqv Fo {Ian \nhp hfhnmsX
hnWw. teiw t]mepw CfIcpXv. ]pcp
j Xs icocs XfWw. hocy{]m
]v Xn k abw kv { Xo A]m \ hm bp hn s\
taevt]mp henp]nSnWw. tbm\nbpsS D]
cn `m Ks ktm Nn n v , hocys apI fn
tev BIjnv K`mibn m]n
Ww.*
]noSv Ccphcpw ipPen IpfnWw.
hnZpjnbmb kv{Xo Kàpmbm Atm
Xs Adn bpw. Hcp amkw Ign bp tm
Bhw \n p t]m Ip tm kIe
kv{XoIpw K`\nbw DmIpXmWv.
]noSv cpt]cpw Npv, tIkcw, Aapncw
Fo acppIfnp Xnfn ]men I
hpw tNv CjvSw t]mse IpSnv, Ah\
hs ibn Xn sXmSmsX InSpd
Ww. K`m[m\w sNptmsgmw C{]Imcw
XssNpXmWpNnXw. Hcp amkw XnIbp
Xp hsc Bhw ImWm Xn cn p Ibpw
K` ap sp Xo s Sp Ibpw sNbv Xm
ApapX Hcp sImtp kv{Xo]pcpj
m kwtbmKw sNcpXv. Cs\ sNbvXm
am{Xta Daamb km\w DmhpIbpq.
]n o Sp m Ip km\w \m hm\pw
CsXmcp ImcWamIpw. A\yYm hocyw hy
amhpIbpw Xnanw cpt]cpsSbpw Bbp
p bnpIbpw hnhn[tcmK Dmhp
Ibp w sNp w. Fm At\ym\yw
kkvt\lw k]npXpw t{]a]qhw s]cp
amdpXpw BhiyamWv. kz]v\n t]mepw
hocykvJe\apmImsX ]pcpj AXns\
cnWw. AXypaamb cq]w, emhWyw,
]pjvSn, _ew, ]cm{Iaw Fnhbm bp
ambn ]mw amkn P\nhw
Blmchkv{XmZnIfm kv{Xo K`c sN
Ww. \memw amkw apXepw hntijnv Fmw
amkn\p tijhpamWv K`c sNt
Xv. K`nWn hntcNIhpw cqhpw amZIhpw
_pn_e\miIhpamb ]Zmsfmpw
`ncpXv. s\v, ]m, \ Acn, tKmXv,
sNdp ] b, Dgpv apX em bh bpn ]qhw
tZi Im e f \p k cnv `n Ww. K` Im
ev \memw amk n ]pwk h\w Fmw
amkn koatmb\w Fo kwkvIm
* Cu hnjbw tKm]yamIbm C{Xam{Xw ]dnp
Xn\np apgph\pw a\knemnsmWw.
IqSpX hnkvXcnsgpXpXv DNnXa.
(aljnbpsS ASnpdnmWnXv ]cn`mjItX)
71
c hn[n{]Imcw \SWw.
{]khw Ignm AbpsSbpw Ipnbp
sSbpw icockwcWn hfsc {in
Ww. ipWvTo]mIw AYhm ku`mKyipWvTo
]mIw Fo acppIfnsemv t\ct Xm
dmn hbvWw. {]khtijw kv{Xosb kpK
ap sNdpNqSpshn IpfnnWw.
B shw sImpXs Ipntbbpw Ipfnn
Ww ]noSv IpnbpsS ]pnsmSnbpsS
Nphn t\cnb NcSpsImp sIn \mewKpew
\nn, apIfn hv apdnWw. icocnse
cw Xpn t]mepw ]pd p t]m Im hn [
n thWw sIt Xv . ]noSv Cunw
ipnhcpn AXns hmXnen\Ip hv
s\pw kpK {Z hy fpw sImv tlmaw
sN Ww. AXn \p tijw ]nXmhv Ipn bpsS
sNhnbn thtZmkn (\ns t] thZsam
Wv ) Fp sNmn tn Ww. A\ cw
s\pw tX\pw tNv Hcp kzW i emI
AXn apn IpnbpsS \mhnt Hmw F
Acw FgpXn B iemI sImp Xs
s\pw tX\pw FSpv Ipn bpsS \mn
tXWw. ]ns Ipnsb AbpsS ssIbn
sImSpWw. Ipnp s]XsbmWv ape
m sImSptXv. Abvv apemens
n thsd h kv{Xotbbpw ]conv Ah
cpsS apem sImSpmhpXmWv. ]noSv
thpthmfw iphmbphp thsdmcp apdn
Iv Ipn tbbpw X tbbpw InSn,
AhnsS cmhnsebpw sshIptchpw kpK
{Z hy sf sImv tlmaw sN Ww. Bdp
Znhkw Ign bp Xp hsc Ipnsb amXmhp
Xs apebqWw. amXmhv icoc]pjvSnmbn
hnhn[ \ ]Zm `nWw. tbm\o
ktmNw apXembXpw sNtXmWv. Bdmw
Znhkw amXmhn\v kqXnImKrlw shSnbmhp
Xpw Ipnsb apebqphm Hcp [m{Xnsb
(t]msb) \nbanmhpXpamWv. [m{Xnv
Da`Ww \Iphm GmSp sNWw.
[m{Xn Ipnsb ape bqn ]cn ]m en Ww.
Fm AbpsS tat\mw kZm AhcpsS
taepmbncnWw. Ipnsb hfpXn
t\m p d hp m I cp Xv . A bpsS ape m
{khnmXncnphm kvX\m{Kn acpp
]pcWw. BlmcImcynepw hfsc {in
Ww. IpnbpsS \maIcWmZn kwkvImc
kwkv Im c hn [n bnse coXn b \p k cnv bYm
Imew sNWw. kv{Xo hopw cPkzebmbn
ipnt\Snbm hopw Cs\ EXpZm\am
Imw.
EXpImem`nKmao kymzZmc\ncXx kZm.
]cvhhcvPw {htPss\mw XZv{htXm cXnIm
aybm (a\p. 3.45)
\nym kz jv Smkp Nm\ymkp kv {Xntbm
cm{XnjphcvPb\v. {_Nmtcyh `hXn b{X
X{Xm{ita hk (Sn. 3.50)
kz `mcybm kwXr]vX\pw EXpKmanbpam
bh Krls\nepw {_Nmcnp Xpey
\mWv.
1. kpjvtSm `mcybm `cvm `cv{Xm `mcym
XssYh N. bkv an th Ipte \nXyw
IeymWw Xss{Xh {[phav.
2. bZn ln kv{Xo \ tcmtNX ]pamwkw \
{]tam Z tbXv A{] tam ZmXv ]p\x ]pwkx
{]P\w \ {]htX
3. kv{Xobmw Xp tcmNam\mbmw kcvhw
Xt{ZmNtX Ipew. Xkymw XztcmNam\mbmw
kcvhtah \ tcmNtX (Sn. 3. 6062)
1. `mhv `mcy tbmSpw `mcy `m hn
t\mSpw {]oXn tbm Sp IqSn hn p Xmb
Ipen XsbmWv Fm ku`mKyfpw
sFizcyfpw hknpXv. IelapmIp
nSp Zu`mKyhpw Zmcn{Zyhpw ncamIp
p.
2. `mcy `mhns\ ktmjnnpIbpw
{]kmZnnpIbpw sNbvXnsn A{]k
\mb `mhn\v Imaw DmhpIbn.
3. kv{Xo {]kbmsWn Ipew {]k
w. AhfpsS A{]kXbn \nt{X ZpxJ
samw DmIpXv.
1. ]nXr`ncv{`mXr`nssXmx ]Xn`ncvtZh
ssckv XYm. ]qPym `qjbnXhym _lp
IeymWao]vkp`nx.
2. b{X \mcykvXp ]qPyt cat X{X
tZhXmx. bss{XXmkvXp \ ]qPyt kcvhm
kvX{Xmêmx {Inbmx.
3. timNn Pmatbm b{X hn\iyXymip
XXvIpew. \ timNn Xp bss{XXm hcv[tX
Xn kcvhZm.
4. XkvamtZXmx kZm ]qPym `qjWmmZ
72
kXymY{]Imiw
\miss\x. `qXnImssacv \ssccv \nXyw kXv Im
tcjqthjp N
(Sn. 355, 56, 57, 59)
1. hfsc t{ibkpmIWsav B{Kln
p ]w ]nXmhv, ktlmZc, `mhv,
Cf b `r k tlm Z c Fn h kv {Xov
B`cWhpw kevmchpw \In ktmjn
n Ww.
2. kv{XoIsf _lpam\np Ipense
hnZzmmcmb ]pcpjm tZhkw t\Sn
km\w canphknpp. kv{Xosb kw]q
Pybmbn IcpXm hon Fp sNbvXmepw
Fmw \njvêamWv.
3. kv{XoP\ ZpxJ]oUnXcmbn ZpcnXa
\p`hnp XdhmSv apSnv A\yw \np
hm Imew hfsc th. kv {XoI kk
tmjw Dm l ]qw {]k Nn cmbn
Ccnp Ipew Fpw A`nhrnsb {]m]n
psImncnpp.
4. AXn\m t{ibkpmIm\m{Klnp
h Fmw Dhmhkcfnepw BtLmjm
h k c fnepw kv {XoIsf B` c W ,
hkv {X , `y ] Zm Fnh
\In ktmjnnWw.
""]qPm'' i_vZn\v kevmcsamW
sav kZm kvacnWw. AXn\m cm{Xnt\
cpw ]I kabpw BZyambn Xn
ImWp tmgp w ]n cn p t]m Ip tmgp w
""\akvtX'' Fp {]kcmbn At\ym\yw ]d
tbXmIpp.
kZm {]lrjvSbm `mhyw KrlImtcyjp
Zbm. kpkwkvIrtXm]kvIcbm hytb
Nmap lkvXbm (Sn. 5.150)
kv{XoI KrlIrXyfn kaIfm
bncnWw. kktmjw honep hkvXp
sfmw kwkvIcnp shbvpI. hoSp hrn
bmn kqnpI. thXne[nIw sNehp
sNmXn cn p I, kI e km [ \ fpw ip
amn shbvpI, ]mIw sNs ]Zm
Huj [ Xp ey ambn ico c n\pw a\
kn\pw DmImhp tcmKsf AIphm
tbmKyambn ]mIw sNpI, sNehpI IW
s gpXn hv `m hns\ t_m[n n p I,
hopthem, ]cnNmcI, Fnhscsmv
bYmtbmKyw ]WnsbSpnpI, hon Xc
tsSmpw hcmsX taet\zjWw \SpI
Fnhsbmw kv{XoIfpsS IhyfmIp
p.
kv {Xotbm cXv \m \ytYm hnZym kXyw
siuNw kp`mjnXw. hnhn[m\n N inev]m\n
kamtZbm\n kcvhXx (Sn. 2.240)
Dakv{XoI ]eXcw cXv\, hnZy,
kXyw, ]hn{XX, \hmv, ]ehn[ inev]
hn Zy I ssI sm gn ep I Ch sbmw
Fm \mSpIfn \npw Fm a\pjycn
\npw t\SpIbpw {KlnpIbpw sNmhp
XmWv.
15
1. kXyw {_qbmXv{]nbw {_qbm{_qbm
Xya{]nbw. {]nbw N \m\rXw {_qbmtZj
[cvax k\mX\x.
2. `{Zw `{ZanXn {_qbmZv`{ZantXyh hm
htZXv. ipjvIsshcw hnhmZw N \ Ipcym
XvtI\Nnl. (Sn. 4.138.139)
1. kZm kXyw ]d b Ww. Cjv S s Sp
kXyw ]dbWw. A{]nbamb kXyw ]dbcp
Xv . H s\ H s\p ]d bp Itbm
hnfn p Itbm AcpXv Fw. A\ys\
ktmjnnphm AkXyw ]dbcpXv.
2. Fmhpw lnXamb hmpItf ]d
bmhq. ipjvIsshcw sXp sNmht\mSv
shdpsX shdpv hmKzmZw Fnh BtcmSpw
AcpXv. aphp lnXIcsan ]cZqj
Ws `bv AXp ]dbmXncncpXv.
]pcpjm _lthm cmP kXXw {]nbhm
Zn\x. A{]nbky Xp ]Yyky hm t{imXm
N Zp`x.
16
[rXcmjv{Ssc! aphsc ktmjnnp
hm kZm {]nbhmp ]dbp apJkvXpXn
m Cu temIn hfscbpv. Fm
tIptm cknmXpw hmkvXhn
t{ibkvIchpamb hmpI ]dbph Ipd
hmWv.
A\ycpsS tZmj t\cnp ]dbpIbpw
15 aljn, Pa\nbnepw apw Cymmsc Abv
inev]mZnI ]Tnnphm {]bXv\nncpp.
AtlsagpXnb FgppI CXn\p sXfnhmWv.
16 alm`mcXw DtZymK ]hw3715 (hnZpc\oXn)
73
Ah \ hs tZmj sf Ah cpsS hmn
\nv AdnbpIbpw A\ys KpWsf ]tcm
ambn ]d bp I bp am Wv \ hp Nn Xw.
t\cn KpWsf ]pIgvpIbpw Am
tm tZmjw ]dbpIbpw sNpXv ZpjvS
mcpsS coXnbmWv. kzw tZmjsf A\y
cpsS apn Xpdp]dbmXncnm kzw
tZmjsf shSnv KpWhm\mIphm i
\mhpIbn. Hcnepw Btcbpw \nncpXv.
""KptWjp tZmjmtcm]Wakqbm. AcvYmXv
tZmtjjp Kp Wm tcm ] W a ]y kq bm
KptWjp KpWmtcm]Ww tZmtjjp tZmjm
tcm ]Ww N kv XpXnx'' KpW n tZmj
sbpw tZmjn KpWsbpw Btcm]n
pXp \nbmIpp. KpWsf KpW
sfpw tZmjsf tZmjsfpw ]dbpXv
kvXpXnbmWv, AkXy`mjWw \nbpw kXy
`mjWw kvXpXnbpw BIpp Fw.
1. _pnhrnIcm Wymip [\ym\n N
lnXm\n N. \nXyw imkv{XmWythtX
\nKamwssh sshZnIm\v.
2. bYm bYm ln ]pcpjx imkv{Xw ka[n
K Xn. XYm XYm hnPm \mXn hnm\w
Nmky tcmNtX. (a\p. 4. 19, 20)
1 . _pnpw [\ n \pw \bv pw
AXnthKw A`nhrnbpmp imkv{X
sfbpw thZsfbpw Znhkhpw tIpIbpw
tIn p Ibpw sN Ww. {_ N cym {i a
n kv {Xo]p cp j m CsXmw ]Tn v ,
a\\w sNpIbpw aphsc ]TnnpIbpw
thWw.
2. Fsm, imkv{Xsf IqSpXembn
B`yknpw tXmdpw AXmXp hnZyIfnep
m\hpw A`ncpNnbpw hnpp.
] a lm b
Ejnbw tZhbw `qXbw N
kcv hZm. \rbw ]nXr bw N bYm
in \ lm]tbXv (a\p. 4.21)
A[ym ]\w {_ bx ]nXr b
kv Xp Xcv Ww tlmtam ssZthm _encv
ùtXm \rbtmfXnYn]qPav (Sn. 3.70)
kzm[ymtb\mcvNtbZcvjo\vtlmssacvtZ
hm \y Ym hn[n. ]nXro {imss \r\
sscv`qXm\n _enIcvaWm. (Sn. 3.81)
cv bsfn {_lvaNcyhn[nbn
FgpXn. HmatXv thZmZnimkv{XfpsS
]T \ ]m T \, ktym ]m k\w, tbmKm
`ymkw FnhbSnb {_lvabw; cm
atXv hnZzmmcpsS tkh\hpw kwkKhpw
]hn{XX, ZnhyKpW, Zm\`mhw, hntZym
Xn Fnh kmZnpI, FnhbSnb
tZh bw; Cu cv bPv R fpw cmhn
sebpw kmbmnepw A\pjvTnWw.
1. kmbw kmbw Krl]Xncv t\m Anx
{]mXx {]mXx skua\kky ZmXm.
2. {]mXx {]mXcv Kr l ] Xncv t\m Anx
kmbwkmbw skua\kky ZmXm. (A.Imw.
19,7, 3, 4)
17
3. Xkv am Z tlm cm { Xky kwtbmtK
{_mWx kymap]mkoX. DZyakvXw
bmamZnXya`n[ymb\v.
18
({_mtW)
4. \ XnjvTXn Xp bx ]qcvhmw t\m]mkvtX
bkv Xpx
19
]namw. k km[p `ncv _lnjv
Imcyx kcvhkvamZv ZznPIcvaWx (a\p. 2. 103)
1. kybvv tlmanp tlma{Zhyw cmhn
se hsc hmbp hns\ ]cn ip amn kpJw
{]Zm\w sNpp.
2. cmhnse Anbn tlmanp tlma
{Zhyw kmbmw hsc hmbp hns\ ipn
sNbvXv _ew, _pn, BtcmKyw Fnh Dm
pp.
3. AXn\m cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw IqSntcp
kyIfn DZbmkvXabfn Cuizcs\
[ym\n p Ibpw Antlm{Xw sNp Ibpw
Ahiyw thWw.
4. Cu cp Iafpw cmhn sebpw
sshInpw A\pjvTnmhs\ k\
ZznP I fn \np _ln jv I cn Ww.
Ahs\ iq{Zs\tmse hnNm cn W sa
17 AYhthZw 19/55/3,4
18 jUznwi {_mWw 4/5 & ssX. B. 2 BcWyI
sfbpw {_mWambn KWnbm {KImc
s]mXpth "{_mtW' FsgpXnbXmWv.
19 a\pkvarXnbn "bivN ]nam k iq{ZhZv_ln
jvImcyx Fp ]mTw. {KImcs ]alm
bhn[nbnepw Cu ]mTw ImWmw.
74
kXymY{]Imiw
w.
tNm: aqp t\cw ktym]mk\ Fp
sImp sNbvXpIqSm?
D: aqpt\cw kybnmXpsImpX
s. shfnhpw Ccppw IqSntcp ky
cmhn tebpw sshIp t chpw am{X ta bp q.
Cs\ IWmmsX Dkabp aqma
sXmcp ky IW m p bm ]mXn
cmbv pw ktym ]m k\w sNm sX p
sImv? Acm{Xnp kymh\w sN
Wsan bmawtXmdpw \mgnItXmdpw hn\m
gnItXmdpw WwtXmdpw kybpsp I
cpXn Atmsgmw kymh\w sNWw.
As\ sNm\m{Klnmepw Akm[yamWv.
aymn ktym]mk\ sNWsa
Xn\v {]amWsampan. cpt\cw kymh
\hpw tlmahpw sNbv Xm aXn. aqp
{]mhiyw th. `qXw, `mhn, h am\w
Fo aqp Imet`ZfpXv ktym]m
k\sb kw_npX.
aqm aXv ]nXr b am Wv . tZh m
AYhm hnZzm m Ejn I (A[y b \hpw
A[ym ] \hpw sNbv Xp sIm n cn p h)
A, A apXemb ]nXr, hrm,
m\nI, ]catbmKnI Fnhsmw
tkh\w sNpXmWv ]nXrbw. ]nXr
bw {im sapw X W sapw cp
hn[ ap v . "{iXv ' Fm kXy sa w.
""{iXv kXyw Z[m Xn bbm {Inbbm km
{im, {i bm bXv {Inb tX X{mav ''
kXyw {Klnphm Ignbp {Inbsb {i
sbpw {itbmSpIqSn sNp In\v
{imsapw ]dbpp. ""Xr]yn Xbn
tb\ ]nXro XXv XWw'' Pohnncnp
amXm ]n Xm m apX emb ]nXr P \
{]kmZnp IaamWv XWw. Pohnncn
phmWv XWw; acnh. AY
tZhXWav:
Hmw {_mZtbm tZhmkvXr]ymav
{_mZntZh]Xv\ykvXr]ymav
{_mZntZhkpXmkvXr]ymav
{_mZn tZhKWmkv Xr]ymav.
CXn tZh XcvWav:
""hnZzmMvtkm ln tZhmx''
20
Fp iX]
Y{_mWnepv. hnZzmmscbmWv tZh
m Fp ]dbpXv. kmwtKm]mwKw \mep
thZfpw ]Tnhsc {_mhv Fpw A{X
tmfw ]Tnnnmhsc tZh Fpw ]d
bpp. tZh\v hnZzm FmWw. Ahsc
tmse hnZpjnIfmb {_mWkv{XoIfmWv
tZhnam. AhcpsS ]p{Xm, injym, Ah
cpsS KW tk h I m Fn h cp sS
sbmw ip{iqjbvv {imw AYhm XWw
Fp ]dbpp. AY EjnXWav:
Hmw acoNymZb EjbkvXr]ymav
acoNymZyrjn]Xv\ykvXr]ymav
acoNymZyrjnkpXmkvXr]ymav
acoNymZyrjnKWmkvXr]ymav.
CXn EjnXcvWav:
{_m hns {]s]u {X \mb aco Nn sb
tmse hnZzm\mbn A[ym]\w sNph,
Ahp kZriw hncmbn s]IpnIsf
]Tn n p Ah cpsS ]Xv \n am, Ahp
Xpeycmb Ah cpsS ]p{X m, injy m ,
tkhIm Fnhv tkh\kXvmc
sNpXmWv EjnXWw. AY ]nXrX
Wav.
Hmw tkmakZx ]nXckvXr]ymav. An
jzmmx ]nXc kvXr]ymav. _cvlnjZx ]n
XckvXr]ymav. tkma]mx ]nXckvXr]ym
av. lhncv`pPx ]nXckvXr]ymav. BPy]mx
]nXckvXr]ymav. kpImen\x ]nXckvXr
]ymav. bamZnt`ym \ax bamZowkvXcvbm
an. ]nt{X kz[m \ax ]nXcw Xcvbman. ]nXm
almb kz[m \ax ]nXmalw Xcvbman. {]]n
Xmalmb kz[m \ax {]]nXmalw Xcvbm
an. amt{X kz[m \tam amXcw Xcvbman.
]nXmasslykz[m \ax ]nXmalow Xcvbm
an. kz]Xvss\y kz[m \ax kz]Xv\nw Xcv
bman. kw_n`yx kz[m \ax kw_n\
kvXcvbman. ktKmt{X`yx kz[m \ax ktKm
{XmwkvXcvbman
21
CXn ]nXrXWav:
20 iX]Tw 3.7.3.10
21 tkmaktZmfnjzmm XYm_cvlnjtZmf]n N
tkma ]m XYmhnZzwkvXssYh N lhncv`pPx
BPy]m XYm hXvk XYmlyt\y kpImen\x
GtX Nmt\yN ]nXcx ]qPymx kcvth ZznPm Xn`nx
(_rlZv ]cmickvarXn 7/167168)
75
(tkm a k Zx) ""tb tkmta PK Zo iztc
]ZmhnZymbmw N koZn tX tkmakZx''
]c am m \ nepw ]Zm hn Zy bnepw
\n]pWmcmWv tkmakp. (Anjzm
mx) ""ssbcthnZyptXm hnZym KrloXm
tX An jzmmx'' An bpsS AXm bXv
an apX em b h bpsS m\ ap h cmWv
An jz m m (_cv ln j Zx) "" tb
_cvlnjn Dta hyhlmtc koZn tX
_cv ln jZx'' hnZym `n hr n bp m p
kXv I fn {]hn n p h cmWv
_lnjp. (tkma]mx) ""tb tkmassa
izcytamj[ockw hm ]mn ]n_n hm
tX tkma]mx'' sFizcysf cnpXp
sImv AYhm tkmasap t]cmb aluj
[nbpsS ckw IpSnbm tcmKclnXcmbn
cnpIbpw aphcpsS sFizcysf cn
pItbm aphv Huj[nckw IpSnm
sImSppItbm sNbvXv AhcpsS tcmKsf
lcnpIbpw sNphcmWv tkma]m. (l
hncv `p Px) ""tb lhncv tlm Xp ap acv lw
`pRvPtX t`mPbn hm tX lhncv`pPx'' el
cnbpmphbpw lnwkmIchpamb hkvXp
sf hnv thsd bp ]Zm
`n p Ibpw `n n p Ibpw sNp h
cmWv lhn`ppI. (BPy]mx) ""b BPyw
mXpw {]m]vXpw hm tbmKyw cn hm
]n_n X BPy]mx'' Adnbphm tbmKy
amb hkvXpsf cnpIbpw AYhm s\v,
]m apX embh `n p Ibpw sNp h
cmWv BPy ] m. (kp Im en \x) ""tim`\x
Imtem hnZytX tbjmw tX kpIm en\x''
kpIrXw sNpXpsImv kpJw \nd
ka b ap h cmWv kpIm en \. (b ax) tb
Zpjv Sm bn \nKr lv W n tX bam
\ymbm [oim'' Zpjv S msc inn p Ibpw
injvSmsc cnpIbpw sNp \ymbm
[n]mcmWv bam. (]nXm) ""bx ]mXn k
]nXm'' `Ww sImSppw ip{iqjnpw k
m\sf cnph Asn km
\sf DXv]mZnnph\mWv ]nXmhv. (]n
Xmalx, {]]nXmalx) ""]nXpx ]nXm ]nXm
alx ]nXmalky ]nXm {]]nXmalx'' ]nXm
hns ]nXmhv ]nXm a l\pw ]nXm a ls
]nXmhv {]]nXmal\pw BIpp. (amXm) ""bm
am\ bXn km amXm'' `Ww sImSppw
ip{iqjnpw asf km\nph amXm
hv. (]nXmalo) ""bm ]nXpcvamXm km ]nXm
alo'' As AbmWv ]nXmaln. ({]]n
Xmalo) ""bm ]nXmalky amXm km {]]n
Xmaln'' ]nXmals amXmhmWv {]]nXma
ln. Chtcbpw Ah\hs `mcy, ktlmZc,
Nmm, Iqm, CXc KpcpP\ hr
P\ Fnhscbpw {im]qw `W
] Zm , hkv {X , at\m l c amb
hml\ apX em bh sImSpv \mbn
Xr]vXnsSppIAhcpsS a\kv kwXr]vXn
tbbpw icocw Btcm Ky sbpw {]m]n
{]hrnIsImp {]oXn]qw ip{iq
jnpXmWv {imhpw XWhpw.
\mem a tXv sshiz tZ h b am Ip p.
Blmcw ]mIw sNbvXpIgnm, Dv, Fcn
hv , Fnh Ie cm Xpw a[p c hpw s\pw
tNXpamb hn`hw ASpn \nsSpv
thsd shnp Anbn Xmsg ]dbp
a{w sNmn tlmanv `mKn p XmWv
sshiztZhbw. (CXn\p {]amWw:)
sshiztZhky knky Krtly fu hn
[n]qcvhIav. B`yx IpcymthXmt`ym {_m
tWm tlmaa\zlav. (a\p. 3. 84)
ASpfbn ]mIw sNbvX `Wn\v
Znhy Kp W e`n p hm ]mIm n bn
Xmsg ]dbp a{ sNmn hn[n{]Imcw
\nXyhpw tlmanWw.
a{w
Hmw Atb kzmlm. tkmamb kzmlm.
Aotjmam`ymw kzmlm. hn tizt`ym
tZth`yx kzmlm. [\zctb kzmlm.
Ipsslzkzmlm. A\passXykzmlm. {]Pm
] Xtb kzmlm. kl Zymhm ]r Yn ho`ymw
kzmlm. kznjvSIrtX kzmlm.
Cu a{tfmtcmpw sNmn \hw
InPzenp Anbn Hmtcm BlpXn
hoXw sNWw. ]noSv XfnIbntem \nep
hnp Cebntem Ingp XpSnb Znp
I fn semw Xmsg ]d bp a{w sNmn
m]nWw.
Hmw km\pKm tb {m b \ax. km\p Kmb
bamb \ax. km\pKmb hcpWmb\ax. km\p
76
kXymY{]Imiw
Kmb tkmamb\ax. acpZvt`ym \ax AZvt`ym
\ax. h\kv]Xnt`ym \ax. {iossb \ax. `{Z
Imssfy \ax. {_]Xtb \ax. hmkvXp]
Xtb \ax. hntizt`ym tZtht`ym \ax. Znhm
N tct`ym `qtXt`ym \ax. \mcnt`ym
`qtXt`ym \ax. kcvhm `qXtb \ax. *
Cs\ XqInbnv _mn As AXn
YnIfpsn Ahp hnfpItbm An
bn CSpItbm sNWw. ]noSv ehWmw
AXmbXv ]cnv, tNmdv, IdnI, Nmn Ch
sbmw Iptdsi FSpv \nev BdnSv
hoXnnSWw. CXn\v {]amWw:
iq\mw N ]XnXm\mw N iz]Nmw ]m]tcm
Kn Wma.v hmb km\mw Irao WmwN i\
ssIcv\ncvht]Zv `phn (a\p. 3.92)
""izt`ym \ax. ]XntXt`ym \ax. iz]Kvt`ym
\ax. ]m]tcmKnt`ym \ax. hmbtkt`ym \ax.
Irant`ym \ax'' Fp sNmn hoXnp h
tijw AsXSpv Ahitm hnip he
bp izmhv , Im apX emb Pohn Itm
sImSpWw. ChnsS \ax i_vZn\v Aw
F AamWv. izmhv, ]m]n, NWvUmf,
]m]tcmKn, Im, Ddpv XpSnb IoS
Fnhbvsmw `Ww \IWsap a\p
kv arXn apX emb [a im kv {X fn hn[n
npv. Cu tlmaw sNpXpsImv ASp
fbnep hmbp ]cnipamIpw. AdnbmsX,
ImWmsX hp `hn m hp {]mWn lnw
kbvv {]Xnhn[nbpambn.
AmatXv AXnYnbamIpp.
AXnYn F ]Zn\v XnYn \nbanm
Xv FamWv. [manI\pw ktXym]
tZ i I\pw Fm hpw D] Im cmw
kh{X kcnph\pw XnI hnZzm\pw
]catbmKnbpamb Hcp kw\ymkn Krls
hk Xn bn sNm Hm a Xmbn At l
n\v ]mZyw, ALyw, BN a \obw Fn
s\ aqphn[w Pew sImSpWw, ]noSv
Atln\v BZcthmsS Damk\w \In
lrZyamb `Whpw ]m\obhpw \In ip{iq
jnv {]kmZnnWw. ]noSv AtltmSv
kw`m jWw sNbv Xv , [mam Im a tam
t\Sphm DXIp m\hnPv Rm\m
ZnIsfnbp D]tZi tIv AX\pk
cnv Ah\hs kz`mhs kwkvIcnWw.
Krlm cmPmm Fnhcpw AXn
Ynsbtmse Nne Ahkcfn kevmc
tbmKymcmWv Fm:
]mjWv Unt\m hnIcv am\v ss_Umehr
nImTm\v. sslXpIm\v_Ihrow
hmMvamt{XWm]n \mcvNtbXv (a\p. 4.30)
(]mjWvUn) thZ\nI, thZhncp (hn
Icvax) thZfn \ntj[nnph sNp
hcpw AkXyw ]dbphcpw (ss_Ume
hrnIx) Hfnncpv, Xwt\mn Fen apX
emb {]mWnIfpsS ta NmSnhoWv hbdp\nd
bvp ]qsbtmse Znhkw Ignph
(iTx) Zpcm{Klw, Zpc`nam\w, hmin apXemb
tZmjfphAh\h\v Adnhnsnepw
Adn hp h D] tZ in m tIm h
(sslXpIx) ""Rm\mWv {_w, PKv anYy
bmWv, thZimkv{Xfpw Cuizc\pw `mh\
IfmWv'' Fns\ Cmep thZmnI
Pev]npXpt]mse hrYm hmNIaSnp
h (_Ihrnx) Hmen [ym\w sNp
hs\tmse \Snv aysf ]nSnpXnv
kzmw t\Sp sImntb t]mse {]hn
p Cmes sshcmKnI, ap Imjmb
hkv{X[mcnI XpSnb Zpcm{KlnIsfbpw
thZhntcm[nIsfbpw hmm t]mepw kev
cn cp Xv . kev cn m Ah A`n hrn
{]m]nv temIn A[aw ]cpw. kzbw
A[x ] Xn p Xn\p ]nb Zpjv Ia
sNpXn\p ]pdta, AhmXnYyw \Ip
hscbpw Am\kmKcn apnsm
pp.
] a lm b m \p jv Tm\w sImp e`n
p êfnhbmWv: {_bw A\p
jvTnpXpsImv hnZy, inWw, [aw a\x
kwkvImcw apXemb kZvKpW A`nhr
n s Spw. An tlm {X m hmbp, agsh
w, Fnh ]cnipambn. ipamb ag Inp
Ibm temIscmw kpJa\p`hnpw. ip
hm bp hns izmk kv ]i m Btcm Kyw,
_pn, _ew, ]cm{Iaw Fnh hnpIbpw
Xn anw [am Im a tam fpsS
kqWknn DmhpIbpw sNpw. AXn
\m et{X CXns\ tZh bw Fp ]d bp
* a\p 3/87, 91, 92 Fnhbn B[mcnXw
77
Xv. ]nXrbw sImv amXm]nXmm,
hnZzmmcmb almm Fnhsc ip{iq
jnpXpsImv m\w hnpIbpw
XZzmcm kXym kXy \nW bhpw kXys
{Kln p Ibpw Ak Xys XyPn p Ibpw
sNbvXv kpJa\p`hnm\pw Ignbpw. A\
am, Kpcp Fn h km \ pw
injypw sNbv X tkh \ n\v {]Xyp ]
Imcw sNbvXv IrXX ImWnpXv ]nXr
bns DNnXamb asmcp {]tbmP\
amIpp. sshiztZh _enbpsS êw app
]dnpv. t{ijvTcmb AXnYnIfnsn
temI n\v DXn Dm Ip X . Ah
\msSmpv kcnv kXyw D]tZinbm
\mkv Xn I hf cp n . kh {X bp Krl
v klPambn kXyhnm\w e`np
p. am\hkaqln Htc [aw ncambn
\ne\npp. AXnYnIfnsn kwib
\nhmcWw km[ya. kwib \nhmcWw Dm
bnsn ZrV\nbapmhn. ZrV\n
bansn kpJsahnsS?
{_mt aplqcvt _pt[yX [cvamcvYu
Nm\p Nn tbXv Imb t imw Xq em\v
thZXzmcvYtah N (a\p. 4. 92)
cm{XnbpsS \memas bmantem \mep
\mgnI shfpnt\m DWv BhiyIrXy
Ignv [aw, AYw, imcocnI tcmK\nZm\w
Fn h sb n Nnn p Ibpw Cuiz cs\
[ym\npIbpw sNWw. Hcnepw A[w
{]hncpXv. Fsm:
\m[cv a cn tXm temtI kZyx êXn
sKucnh. iss\ cm hcv X am \kv Xp Icv Xpcv
aqem\n IrXn (a\p. 4. 172)
sNbvX A[w Hcnepw \njv êamhp
Ibn. A[w sNbvX DSs\ êw InpI
bn. AXn\m Am\nI A[s
`bsSpIbn. ]t, A[mNcWw \n
fpsS kpJs kaqew \innpsadnb
Ww. Fs\sbm:
A[cvtassW[tX XmhtXm `{ZmWn
]iyXn. XXx k]Xv\mRvPbXn kaqekvXp
hn\iyXn. (a\p. 4. 174)
A[an I fmb a\p jy [a a cym Z Isf
ewLnv aSapdnp Pew ]cpw hw Iw
]d n, If hv , cm am am b thZs
JWv Un p I, hnizm k h \ apX emb
Zpjv Ia sNbv Xv ]c [\w A] l cnv
BZyw A`nhrnsSpp. ]noSv [\w, sFiz
cyw, Fnhbm hninjv Smlmcw, hkv {Xw,
`qjWw, hml\, m\am\, am\yX
apXembh t\Spp. A\ymbm i{Xphns\
Pbnpp. ]t s]sv IS]pgInb acw
t]mse A[x]Xnp \inpIbpw sNpw.
kXy[cvamcyhrtjp siutN ssNhm
c ta Xv kZm. injymw injym cv taW
hmKv_mlqZckwbXx (Sn. 4. 175)
hnZzm thtZmkXy[cv as ]]m
XanmsX kXy{KlWw AkXy]cnXymKw
\ymb amb sshZn I [s A\p jv Tn p
sImv injymsc ]TnnWw.
1. EXznIv v ]ptcmlnXmNmsscycv amXpemXnYn
kw{inssXx. _me hr m Xp ssccv ssh
ssZycvmXnkw_n_msshx.
2. amXm]nXr`ymw Pmao`ncv{`m{Xm ]pt{XW
`mcybm. Zpln{Xm ZmkhcvtKW hnhmZw \
kamNtcXv. (Sn. 4. 179, 180)
1. (EXznIv) bw \Spbm (]ptcm
lnXx) kZmNmchpw kz`mhhpw kZm D]
tZinpbm (BNmcyx) Kpcp (amXpex)
Amh (AXnYn) t]mphchn\p XobXn
\nbanmbm (kw{inXmx) B{inX
(_mex) _me (hrx) hr (BXpcx)
BXpc (sshZyx) BbpthZadnbpbm
(mXnx) kztKm{Xntem PmXnbntem
P\n h (kw _ o) izip c `mcy bp
sStbm `mhnstbm AapXembh
(_mhmx) _p
2. (am Xm) A (]n Xm) A (Pmao)
ktlmZcn ({`mXm) ktlmZc (`mcym) `mcy
(ZplnX) aI (ZmkhKx) them Fn
htcmSv Hcnepw hnhmZtam IelelfItfm
]mSn .
AX ]m kv Xz \ [o bm\x {]Xn{Kl cp Nncv
ZznPx. Aw`kyivatht\h kl tXss\h
aXn ( Sn. 4.190)
(BX]mx) {_NcykXy`mjWmZn X]
kpIfnmh (A\[obm\x) hnZy A`y
78
kXymY{]Imiw
knmh ({]Xn{KlcpNnx) \Imcyn
s\p \Snv ]ncnhp \S p h Fo
aqhcpw IpsImp ]WnX Ien kap{Zw
ISphsctmse XfpsS Zpjv Ia
fn IqSn ZpxJkmKcn apntmIpp.
Ah apptXm t]mIs, Ahp Zm\w
\Iphscbpw IqsS apnfbpp.
{Xnjzt]ytXjp Zw ln hn[n\m]ymcvPn
Xw [\av. ZmXpcv`hXy\cvYmb ]c{Xm[mXp
tch N ( Sn. 4. 193)
[am\pkrXw kmZnXmbmepw ap]
d aqp t]pw Zm\w sNp [\w, Zm\w
sImSpphs\ Cu Pnepw hmp
hs\ ASp Pnepw \innpp.
bYm th s\u ] te\ \na Xyp ZtI
Xc\v . XYm \natXmf[kv XmZsu ZmXr
{]XoIu (Sn. 4. 194)
IcnpsImp ]WnX tXmWnbn Ibdn
IS ISphm ]pdsSph apnmIpw
t]mse Am \n bmb ZmXmhpw hmp
h\pw At[mKXnsbZpxJs {]m]npp.
[ahntcm[nbpsS eW
1. [a [zPo kZm ep_v [ iv Om Zv antIm
temIZwÌx. ss_Ume{hXntIm ttbm
lnw{kx kcvhm`nkIx.
2. At[mZrjv Sncv ss\jv IrXnIx kzmcv Ykm
[\XXv]cx. itTm anYymhn\oX _I{h
XNtcm ZznPx (Sn. 4. 195, 196)
1. ([cva[zPo) [anjvT\snepw AXns
t]cn temIsc sImbSnph\pw (k
Zmep_v[x) ]caep_v[\pw (OmZvanIw) I]S
kz `m hnbpw (tem I Zw ` Ix) kzbw alm
Nav hoSnp \Sph\pw (lnw{kx)
Pohn Isf sImp Ibpw A\y tcmSv sshcw
]pepIbpw sNph\pw (kcvhm`nk
Ix) \htcmSpw Zpjv StcmSpw kvt\lw \Sn
p h\pw Bb hs\ (ssh Um e {h Xn Ix)
]qsbtmse \oN\pw ZpjvS\pambn IcpX
Ww.
2. (At[mZrjvSnx) Ionmbn Iogvt]mp
t\mn bn cn p h\pw (ss\ jv Ir Xn Ix)
XtmSp Ipdsmcp sXp sNbvXpt]mbm
Ahs\ sImp ]Ihophm hminbph\pw
(kzmcvY km[\XXv]cx) Itam A[atam
hnizmkh\tbm sNbvXv XImcyw t\Sp
hm NXpc\pw (iTx) Xm ]nSn apben\p
sImp aqsp ]dbph\pw (anYymhn\o
X) shdpsX hn\bw A`n\bnph\pw (_
I{hX Ncx) sImnsbtmse \oN\msWv
AdnbWw. ChbmWv [ahntcm[nIfpsS e
W. Ahsc Hcnepw hnizkncpXv. BZ
cnp kevcncpXv.
1. [cvaw iss\x kn\pbmZzevaoIanh
]pnImx. ]ctemIklmbmcvYw kcvh`qXm
\y]oUb\v.
2. \map{X ln klmbmcvYw ]nXm amXm
N XnjvTXmx. \ ]p{XZmcm \ mXncv[cva
kvXnjvTXn tIhex.
3. GIx {]PmbsX PptcI Gh {]eo
btX. GtIm\p`pMvt kpIrXtaI Gh
N ZpjvIrXav. (Sn. 4. 238240)
4. GIx ]m]m\n IpcptX êw `pMvt
almP\x. t`mmtcm hn{]apNyt Icvm
tZmtjW en]ytX.
22
5. arXw icocaprPy ImjvTtemjvTkaw
nXu. hnapJm _mhm bmn [cvakvX
a\pKXn (a\p. 5. 241)
1. Ddpv ]ppap tiJcnp hevaoIw \nan
pXpt]mse a\pjy PohnIsmn\pw
D]{Zhw sNmsX PmckuJyw e`nm
[akb\w sNWw.
2. Fsm, At\m Abvtm ]p{X
t\m `mcybvtm _ptm ]ctemIp
hp klm bn p hm km[y a . AhnsS
[aw am{Xta klmbapq.
3. t\mq! Poh Hbv p P\n p p.
Hbvp acnpp. [ans êamb kpJ
tbpw A[ans êamb ZpxJtbpw
Poh GImInbmbn A\p`hnpp.
4. HpIqSn a\nemWw. IpSpw_\mY
]m]w sNbvXp sImp hcp hI, hopIm
scmw A\p ` hn p p. AX \p ` hn p
hsmw ]m]n ]mfnan. sNbvX
22 alm`mcXw DtZym. ]. 33/47
79
h\p am{Xta ]m]apq.
5. Hcph acnm Ahs _p arX
icocs aIsbhw XyPnp ]nn
cnbpp. Bcpw IqsS t]mIpn. [aw Hp
am{Xw Ahs\ A\pKanpp.
1. Xkv am cv aw klm bmcv Yw \nXyw
kn\pbmss\x. [cvtaW ln klmtb\
XakvXcXn ZpkvXcw.
2. [cva{][m\w ]pcpjw X]km lXInev
_njw. ]ctemIw \bXymip `mkzw Ji
cocnWav (Sn. 242243)
1. AXn\m hcpw Pn kpJklmb
mbn \ntXy\ [akb\w sNWw.
Pohmmhn\v ZpxJkmKcw ISphm GI
klmbn [aamWv.
2. [as {][m\ambn IcpXpXmtcm
[am \p jv Tm \ m ]m] a I h \mtcm
Abmsf {]Imikzcq]hpw BImiw icocw
t]msebpXpamb AXnep]cn ImWmhp
Xmbn asm p an m Xmb PK Zo iz cn
tebvp \bnpXn\m
1. ZrVImco arZpcvZmx {IqcmNmsscckw
h k\v . Alnwt{km Za Zm \m`ymw PtbXv
kzcvKw XYm{hXx.
2. hmNycvm \nbXmx kcvth hmMvaqem
hmKzn\nx krXmx. XmwkvXp bx kvtX\tb
ZzmNw k kcvhkvtXbIrcx.
3. BNmcm`tX lymbpcmNmcmZo]v knXmx
{]Pmx. BNmcm\aamNmtcm lye
Wav. (a\p. 4/ 246, 256, 156)
1. kZm ncNn\mbn {]hnpIbpw
kc f kz `m hnbpw C{n b sf Pbn h\pw
lnwk, {Iucyw, ZpcmNmcw Fnh kz`mham
nb NobmfpIfn \np thdnh\pw Bb
[anjvT, at\mPbw hnZymZm\w Fnhbm
kpJw t\Spp.
2. Fm A fpw {]hr n Ifpw
hmn {]Xn jv Tn X am Wv . kIe {]hr n
Ifpw hmWn \SpIbm AhbpsSsbmw
aqeImcWw hmWn Xs. B hmWnsb Ip
h tamjWw apXemb kIe ]m]fpw
sNph\t{X.
3. AXn\m Iw XpSnb A[asf
XyPnv {_Ncyw, C{nbPbw apXemb kZm
Nmcf\pjvTnm ]qWmbpkv, t{ijvTk
Xn, Ab[\w Fnh e`npw. As\
[aa\pjv Tnv Zpjv SXsb shSnbphcpsS
{]hrnI A\pIcWobamWv. ImcWw:
ZpcmNmtcm ln ]pcptjm temtI `hXn
\nnXx. ZpxJ`mKo N kXXw hym[ntXmfev]m
bptch N (Sn. 4. 157)
ZpcmNmc sNph \hnSbn
\nnX\pw ZpxJnX\pw tcmKnbpw Aev ]mbp
kpambn `hnpp. AXn\m sNtXv:
1. bZyXv]chiw Icva XZyXvt\\ hcvP
tbXv. bZyZmhiw Xp kymXvtkth
X bXv\Xx.
2. kcvhw ]chiw ZpxJw kcvhamhiw
kpJav . FX Zzn ZymXv kam tk\ eWw
kpJZpxJtbmx. (Sn. 4. 159, 160)
1. A\ys A[o\nemb Iasf {]b
Xv\nmbmepw XyPnv kzm[o\Iaf\pjvTn
Ww.
2. Fs m ]cm [o \ am b sXmw
ZpxJhpw kzm[o\ambXv kpJhpamWv. Npcpn
dm kpJZpxJfpsS eWw CXm
Wv. ImcWw ]dbmw.
At\ym\ym{inX Ia sNWsan
Hcph asmcph\v A[o\st Xocq. kv{Xo]p
cpjm Xnep {]hrnIfmWnXn\pZm
l c Ww, kv {Xo ]pcp j t\mSpw ]pcp j
kv {XotbmSpw kkv t\lw s]cp am dp Ibpw
At\ym\yw A\p Iq e ambn hn p Ibpw
thWw. hy`nNmchpw ]ckv]c hntcm[hrn
Ifpw ]mSn . ]pcp js B b \p k cnv
KrlIrXysfmw kv{Xo \SWw. ]pdta
bp {]hr n I sfmw ]pcp j \n ln
Ww. ZpcmNmcfn s]p t]mIpXn
\nv ]ckv]cw XSbWw. Chsbmw At\ym
\ym{inX {]hrnIfmWv. hnhmltmSpIqSn
kv {Xo ]pcp j m ]c kv ]cw hn Xp t]m se
bmbn `hnpp. AhcpsS ]ckv]c tNjvS
I `mh XpSn khhpw ]ckv]cm[o
\amsWw. Ccphcpw At\ym\yw CjvS
anm {]hrnIsfmpw sNcpXv. hnti
jnpw hy`nNmcw, thiym{]m]vXn, Pmc{]m]vXn
apXemb ZpjvIasf shSnv `mcym`m
80
kXymY{]Imiw
m At\y\yw {]oXn]qhw hnWw.
{_mWcmb BWp BIpnIsfbpw
]Tnp kv{XoI s]IpnIsfbpw ]Tn
n Ww. hnhn[ D] tZ i sImSppw
{]kwK sNbvXpw Ahsc hnZzmmcpw hnZp
jnIfpamWw. kv{XoIp ]qP\obamb
tZh ]Xnbpw ]pcp j mp kw]qPy
]Xv\nbpamWv. KpcpIpen hknp Ime
a {Xbpw A[ym] Isc A \ am sc tmse
IcpXWw. A[ym]Iv AhcpsS injym
kzk m \ sf tm se bm bn cn p Ibpw
thWw. ]Tnnphm\p A[ym]Icpw A[ym
]nIamcpw F{]ImcambncnWsap ]dbmw:
A[ym]Icpw A[ym]nIamcpw
1. Bm\w kamcw`kvXnXnm [cva
\n XyXm. bacv Ym \m] Icv jn k ssh
]WvUnX DNytX.
2. \ntjhtX {]ikvXm\n \nnXm\n \
tkhtX. A\m kv XnIx {i [m\ FXXv
]WvUnXeWw.
3. n{]w hnPm \mXn Nncw irtWmXn
hnmb NmcvYw `PtX \ ImamXv. \mkw
]rjvtSm lyp ]bpMvt ]cmcvtY XXv{]
m\w {]Yaw ]WvUnXky.
4. \m {]m]ya`nhmn \jvSw t\n
timNnXpw. B]Xvkp N \ aplyn \cmx
]WvUnX_pbx.
5. {]hrhmIv Nn{XIY Dulhm {]Xn
`m\hm\v. Bip {Kky hm N bx k
]WvUnX DNytX.
6. {ipXw {]m \pKw bky {]m
ssNh {ipXm\pKm. Akw `n mcyacymZx
]WvUnXmJymw et`X kx.
Cu tmI alm`mcXw DtZymK]hw
hnZpc{]PmKcw 32mw A[ymbnteXmWv.
1. B m\w knn n p h, Hcn
epw Aek\pw \njv{Inb\pambn hn
m h, kpJ Zpx J , em` \ jv S ,
kv XpXn \n I, am\m ] am \ Fnh
ktmjkm]fpmmh, Fm
bvt]mgpw ZrVNnXtbmSpIqSn [aw A\p
jvTnph, hnjbkpJapfhmp hkvXp
sf Imcyammh, Ah\t{X ]WvUn
X.
2. kZm [am\pIqeamb Iaf\pjvTn
pI, A[s XyPnpI, Cuizct\bpw
thZtfbpw kZmNmctbpw \nnmbvI,
CuizcmZnIfn {ibph\mbncnpI Ch
sbmw ]WvUnXs IhyfmWv.
3. ITn\hnjbsftmepw thKw a\n
emphm Igbph, hfscmew imkv{X
sf A`yknpIbpw tIpIbpw Nnn
pIbpw sNph, kzw Adnhp apgph\pw
]tcm ] Im c n \mbn hn\n tbm Kn p h.
kzmw t\Sphm am{Xw {]bXv\nm
h, kzbw Nnn m sXtbm DNn Xm h kcw
AdnbmsXtbm asmcph\v Hpw \Im
h, Ah \t{X {]m \ sa {]Y a e
Wbp\mb ]WvUnX.
4. Al a m hsb Cn m h\pw
\jv S s Xn s\ n ZpxJn m h\pw B]
n ]cn{ànmh\pamWv _pnam\mb
]WvUnX.
5. hnNn {X hm nbpw GXp hnj b nepw
hmZ{]XnhmZ NXpc\pw imkv{XhymJym\Ip
ie\pw XhnZymhnNW\pw kvacWi
nbph\pw Aw ]dbphm anSp\p
amb Bfns\ ]WvUnXs\p ]dbpp.
6. tI kXymf\pkcnv _pnbp
h\pw _pnbp]tbmKnv tIph\pw
[anjvTcmb t{ijvTa\pjycpsS acymZsb adn
ISmh\pamWv ]WvUnX F t]cn\v
Al.
Cs\bp kv{Xo]pcpjm A[ym]I
cm bn cn p nSv hnZy, [w, kZm Nmcw
Fnh A`nhrnsSpw. \ntXy\ kpJw s]cp
Ipw. ]Tnm tbmKyXbnm aqVmcpsS
e W :
1. A{ipX kaptm Zcn{Z alm
a\mx. AcvYmwivNmfIcvaWm t{]]vkpcvaqV
CXypNytX _pss[x.
2. A\mlqXx {]hniXn ly]rjvtSm _lp
`mjtX. AhnizkvtX hnizknXn aqVtNXm
\cm[amx.
23 A[ymbw 33. 3541
81
Cu tmIfpw alm`mcXw DtZymK]h
n hnZpc{]PmKcnteXmWv.

23
1. imkv{Xsfmpw ]TnpItbm tIp
Itbm sNmh\pw henb Zpc`nam\nbpw
Zcn{Z\msWnepw AXym{Klnbpw {]bXv\n
msX Fmw In W sa m {K ln p h \p
amWv aqVs\v _pnamm ]dbpp.
2. hnfnmsX FhnsSbpw Ibdnsv D
Xm\ncnpI, tNmZnmsX Hmtcmp
XnaqfnpI, hnizknm ]mSnmhscbpw
hkvXpsfbpw hnizknpI Ch sNp
h aqV\pw a\pjym[anbpamWv.
Cs\bph A[ym]Icpw D]tZjvSm
fpw Kpcp m cpw am\y cp amb Znn
Am \w, A[aw, Imm f w, Ie lw,
hntZzjw Xnv Chsbmw hfcpIbpw
ZpxJw hnpIbpw sNpw.
hnZymnbpsS eW
1. Bekyw aZtamlu N Nm]ew tKmjvTn
tch N. kvX_v[Xm Nm`nam\nXzw XYmfXym
KnXztah N. GtX ssh k]vX tZmjmx kypx
kZm hnZymcvYn\mw aXmx.
2. kpJmcvYn\x IptXm hnZym IptXm hn
Zym cv Yn\x kpJav . kpJmcv Yo hm XytP
ZznZymw hnZymcvYo hm XytPXv kpJav.
Cu tmIfpw hnZpc{]PmKcnteXm
Wv
24
1. (Bekyw) icocn\pw _pnpap
AekX (aZx) elcn (tamlx) AXymkn
(Nm]ew) ncXbnmbva (tKmjvTn) \pW
]dpw tIpw Imew IgnpI (kvX_v[Xm)
]TnpIbpw ]TnnpIbpw sNmXncnpI,
Zpc`nam\w, XymKioeanmbva Fns\ Ggp
tZmj hnZymnIsf _m[nmw.
2. Cu tZmjfph Hcnepw ]Tnp
Ibn. kpJw B{Klnph\v hnZy FhnsS?
hnZym`ymkw Cnph\v kpJw FhnsS?
hnj b kp Jmn hnZy tbbpw hnZymn
hnj b kp J tbpw XyPn Ww. A\yYm
hnZym`ymkw km[ya.
ktXy cXm\mw kXXw Zmm\maqcvz
tcXkmw. {_Ncyw Ztl{ZmP\v kcvh]m]m
\yp]mknXav.
25
kZm kXyn Xev]ccpw PntX{nbcpw
Hcnepw hocyw kv Jennmhcpambh
cpsS {_NcyamWv bYmYw. As\bp
hct{X hnZzmmcmIpXv.
A[ym]Icpw hnZymnIfpw ipèW
bp cm bn cn Ww. hnZymn I a\km
hmNm IaWm kXy a \p jv Tn p h cpw
kwkv Imcw PntX {n bXzw kuioeyw apX
emb kXv Kp W fp hcpw ico c _ ehpw
B _ ehpw km Zn v thZm Zn im kv {X
sfmw A`yknv hnZzmmcmIphm\pw th
Fm {]b Xv \hpw A[ym ] I sN Ww.
hnZymnIsf ZpamKw shSnbm\pw Ahsc
]Tt\mpIcmm\pw A[ym]I kZm {in
Ww. PntX{nbcpw imioecpw kl]m
TnIfn kvt\laphcpw NnIcpw ]cn{i
a io ecpw Bbn ]qW hn Zy, ]qWmbp kv ,
]qW[aw Fnh t\Sn ]pcpjmw km
Znphm hnZymnI bXv\nWw. {_m
W hW n ep h cpsS Ia fm Wn h.
{XnbcpsS Ia cmP[an hnh
cnmw
26
sshiy cpsS Ia ]dbmw:
{_Ncy]qw thZmZnhnZyI A`ykn
Ww. hnhmlw sNbvXXn\p tijw \m\mtZi
fnep `mjI ]Tnv hnhn[ hym]mcco
XnI a\knemn km[\fpsS hnebpw
{Inbhn{Inbk{Zmbhpw Adnv A\ycm
Pyfn kcnv em`w Inhap
{]hrnIfn GsSWw. ]ip]me\hpw
Irjnbpw kaambn \Sn Ahsb A`n
hrnsSpWw. [\w hnnv hnZym[a
fpsS A`n hrnmbn hybw sN Ww.
kXyhmZnIfpw \njvI]Scpambn kIe hym]m
cfpw kXys ap\ndpn sNWw. km[
\sfmpw \jvSsSmsX Fm km[\
sfbpw kwcnWw. sshiyhrnIfmWn
h. iq{Z Fm ]cnNcWfnepw ]mNIhn
Zy bnepw \n]p W cmbn {_m W {Xnb
24. A[ymbw 40.5.6
25 "BNmc`m\phnepw Cu tmIw DrXamWv.
òjvahN\n \nsv AhnsS ]dbppv. 26 Bdmw. kapmkw.
82
kXymY{]Imiw
sshiymsc kkvt\lw ]cnNcnv D]Pohn
Ww. Blmcw, hkv{Xw, ]mnSw, hnhm
lmZn {InbI FnhbvmhiyambsXmw
ZznP \I Ww. As n ]cym ]v X amb
amkifw \evIWw. \mep PmXnIfpw ]c
kv ]cw {]nbw, D]Imcw, \, kpJZpxJ
fnepw em`\jvSfnepw sFIaXyw Fnh
tbmSpIqSn hnv \mSnsbpw \mmcpsSbpw
\bv mbn X\p, a\w, [\w Fnhsb hn\n
tbmKnWw. kv{XoIfpw ]pcpjmcpw Hcp
\mfpw At\ym\yw th]ncnp hkncpXv.
Fs m:
]m\w ZpcvP\kwkcvKx ]Xym N hnctlmf
S\w. kz]vt\mf\ytKlhmk \mcokqj
Wm\n jSv. (a\p. 9.13)
Iv, Imhv apXemb elcnIfp]tbmKn
pI, ZpjvSmtcmSv klhmkw, `rhntbm
Kw, h Ikymknamsctbm atm ImWp
hm shdpsX NpnbSnpI, ]cKrln
]mpItbm InSpdpItbm sNpI, Fo
Bdp tZmj kv{XoIsf Zpjnnpw. ]pcp
jmscbpw Ch Zpjnnpw. Imcykm[yn
\mbn tZimS\w sNpI, acWw Fo cp
Imc W fm `mcym `m m Xn
th]mSp hcpw. BZys th]mSv Hgnhmp
hm Zqc bm{X sNp tm `mcy tbbpw
sImpt]mIWw. As\ sNbvXm ZoL
Ime hntbmKw DmhpIbn.
tNm: kv{XoIfpw ]pcpjmcpw _lphn
hmlw sNpXp \tXm Notbm?
Dcw : Htc kabp \X.
tNm: `n Im e fn _lp hn hmlw
BhiyamtWm?
D: AsX. Fs\sbm:
bm kv{Xo XzXtbm\nx
27
kymZvKX{]
XymKXmf]n hm. s]u\cv`th\ `cv{Xm km
]p\x kwkvImcacvlXn.
]mWn{KlWw sImp am{Xw hnhmlnX
cm b hpw kwtbmKw kw` hn n n m
AXtbm\nbmb kv{Xopw AXhocy
\mb ]pcpj\pwkv{Xo]pcpjmpw thsd
hnhmlw sNmw. Fm {_mW {Xn
b, sshiy Fo hWfn Xtbm
\nbmb kv{Xopw Xhocy\mb ]pcpj\pw
]p\hnhmlw \.
tNm: ]p\hn hmlw sNp Xn
FmWp tZmjw?
D: Hv: kv{Xo]pcpjmv ]ckv]cap
kv t\l n\p Ipdhp hcpw. Fs m
tXmp tm sgmw ]pcp j kv {Xotbbpw
kv{Xo ]pcpjs\bpw Dt]nv thsd kw_
amImatm. cv: `mcybpsStbm `m
hnstbm acWtijw ]p\hnhmlw sNp
hm B{Klnptm acnbmfns kzp
Pohnncnpbm ssIhisSpp
hm bXv\npw. Atm acnbmfns hop
Im iWvTIqpw. At\ym\yw Ielw Dm
Ipw. aqv: Ducpw t]cpw tijnm hn[
n At\Iw \ XdhmSpI apSnbpIbpw
kv \inpIbpw sNpw. \mev: ]mXn
{hXyhpw GI]Xv\o{hXhpw \inp \mamh
tijamIpw. Cs\ ]e tZmjfpXn\m
ZznPIpefn ]p\hnhmlhpw _lphnhm
lhpw Hcnepw ]mSn.
tNm: k Xn bn m Xd hmSv A\yw
\np \inmtem? hy`nNmcw sNbvXv K`
On{Zw apXemb ZpjvIa sNm\panS
bmIpw. ]p\hnhmlat CXnepw t`Zw?
D: A. Fsm kv{Xo]pcpjm
{_\njv Tcmbncpm Ccw Ipgfp
mhpIbn. kzPmXob\mb Hcp _mes\
Zs Spp ]p{X \mbn hfn bm k
Xnbp t]mhpIbn. hy`nNmchpw DmhpI
bn . {_ N cy kw c Ww km[y a s n
\ntbmKhn[n{]Imcw kXypev]mZ\w sNm
hpXmWv.
tNm: ]p\hn hm l n\pw \ntbm K
n\pw Xn FmWp hyXymkw?
D: Hm as hyXym kw hn hmlw
Ignv I\yI ]nXrKrlw hnv ]XnKrln
tep t]mbm ]ns ]nXmhnt\mSv hnti
j_sampan. \ntbmKhn[n{]Imcw hn[
hI BZyw hnhmlw sNbvX `mhns
27. a\p 9/176 AhnsS km tNZXtbm\n Fp
]mTw km Fp {XnXob ]mZnepw hcpXn\m
btZm \nXykw_ F \nba{]Imcw bm
F ]mTw bpamWv.
83
Krln Xs hknpp.
cm a tXv : hn hm l n ep mb
amWv As kzn\hImiw. \ntbm
Khn[n{]Imcw hn[hbn P\np km
\sf hocyZmXmhns km\fmb acn
pt]mb `mhns afmbmWv IcpXpXv
hocyZmXmhns tKm{XmwKXztam kzhIm
itam Ahp e`npIbn. Ahsc hn[
hbpsS arX`mhns km\fmbn KWn
v, B tKm{Xn s]Spn, kzhImihpw
\In, B IpSpw_n Xs hknnp
p.
aqmatXv: hnhmlnXcmb `mcym`m
m At\ym\yw ip{iqjnpIbpw kwc
npIbpw sNWw. \nbpcmb kv{Xo]p
cpjm Xn Acw ISmsSmpan.
\mematXv: `mcym`r_w acW
] cyw \ne \np Xm Wv . \nbp cmb
kv {Xo]p cp j m cpsS _w Dt i ]qn
tbmsS CmXmIpp.
Am a tXv : hnhmlw sNbv Xv `mcym
`m m cm b h Ah cpsS am{Xw Krl
nse Imcy t\mn \Spp. \nbp
cmb kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw Hmtcmcpcp
sSbpw KrlImcy am{Xw t\mpp.
tNm: hn hm l n sbpw \n tbm K
nsbpw \nba shtsdbmtWm?
D: cnsbpw \nba Xn sXp
t`Zapsp app ]dp. hnhmlw sNbvX
kv {Xo]p cp j mv Hcp ]pcp j\pw Hcp
kv{Xopw IqSn ]p km\fpmImw.
\nbp cmb kv {Xo]p cp j mv ctm
\mtem km\fne[nIw DmIm ]mSn
.
Ipam c mpw I\y I ampw Xnte
hnhmlw ]mSpq Fp \nbaapXpt]mse
hn[ hbv pw hn[p c\pw Xn am{Xta
\ntbmKw ]mSpq. IpamcnIpamcm Xn
]mSn .
`mcym`mm kZm Hnp ]mp
Xp t]mse \nbp kv {Xo]p cp j m
]mm dn . EXp Im e n e msX asm cn
epw Ah Hnp tNcmdn. kv{Xo Xs
Bh iy n\v \ntbmKw sNbv Xm cm
as K`[mcWtmSpIqSn \ntbmK_w
ths]SpWw. ]pcpj Xs Bhiyn\v
\ntbmKw sNbvXmepw cmas K`tm
SpIqSn _w HgnbWw. \nbpbmb kv{Xo
B IpnIsf ctm aqtm sImw hfn
\ntbmKw sNbv X ]pcp js\ Gn Ww.
C{]Imcw Hcp hn[hbvv Xs kzw Bh
iyn\mbn cpw Xs \ntbmKw sNp
\mep ]pcpjmv cp hoXw Fpw IqSn
]p Ipn Isf {]k hn mw. AXp t]mse
Xs `mcy acnnp Hcp ]pcpj\v, X\np
thn cpw Xs \ntbmKw sNp \mep
hn[ h am cpsS Bh iy n \mbn Fpw IqSn
]p Ipn Isf Dev ]m Zn n mw. Cs\
Fmw IqSn ]p km\sf Dev]mZnn
phm\p hn[n thZnepv.
Camw Xzan{ aoVzx kp]p{Xmw kp`Kmav
IrWp. Zimkymw ]p{Xm\m t[ln ]Xnta
ImZiw Ir[n. (E. 10.85.45)
tl (ao Vz, C{) hocy tk N \ n
{]m]vX\pw sFizcybp\pamb ]pcpj, \o
Cu hnhmlnXbmb kv{Xosb AYhm hn[h
Isf km\fphcpw ku`mKyap
h cp am n, hnhmlw sNbv Xn p `mcy bn
]p ]p{Xmsc Dev]mZnnpIbpw `mcysb
]Xn s\m m a h fmbn ]cn K Wn p Ibpw
sNpI. Atbm kv{Xo! \o \ns th ]pcp
j\n \ntm \ntbmKw sNp ]pcpj\n
\ntm K`w [cnv ]p ]p{Xmsc {]k
hn p Ibpw ]Xn s\m m a t Xmbn `m
hns\ KWnpIbpw sNpI.
Cu thZhn[n{]Imcw {_mW {Xnb
sshiy hW fn ep kv {Xo]p cp j m
]ne[nIw km\sf Dev]mZnncpXv.
A[n I am bm km \ _e lo \cpw
Aev]mbpkpIfpamIpw. AXpt]mse kv{Xo]p
cpjmcpw _ehpw Bbppw BtcmKyhpw
bnv hmIyn AXnZpxJw A\p`hn
pw.
tNm: Cu \ntbmKw hy`nNmcw t]mse
tXmp p.
D: hnhm ltam \ntbm Ktam sNm
kv{Xo]pcpjm Xnep _amWv hy`n
84
kXymY{]Imiw
Nmcw. hnhmlw sNbvX ZXnIfpsS _w
hy`n Nm c a m Xp t]mse hn[n {] Imcw
\ntbmKw sNpXpw hy`nNmca. Hcmfns
I\yIsb asmcmfns AhnhmlnX]p{X
imkv{Xhn[n{]Imcw hnhmlw sNbvX tijw
Ah cpsS kam K a n hy`n Nm cw, ]m]w,
e Fnhsbmpw CmXpt]mse thZ
imkv{Xfn hn[nnp \ntbmKnepw
hy`nNmctam ]m]tam etbm Dsp Icp
XcpXv.
tNm: Imcyw icn Xs ]t CXp
thiymhrnbmsWp tXmpp.
D: A; thiymkamKan \nnX ]pcp
js\, bmsXmcp \nbahpw C. \ntbmK
nse \nba hnhmlntXn\p Xpey
amWv. I\ymZm\ntem hn[n{]Imcw hnhmlw
sNbvXhcpsS kamKantem ebpmIm
Xv t]mse \ntbmKnepw DmIcpXm
XmWv. hy`nNcnp ]pcpjt\m kv{Xotbm
hnhmlwsNbvXmepw B ZpjvIan \np
cs]Sptam?
tNm: \ntbm K n ]m] ap sp
R hnNmcnpp.
D: \ntbmKn ]m]apsp hnNmcn
p ]w Fp sImv hnhm l nepw
]m]an? \ntbmKs \ntcm[npXmWv
]m]w. hnc n bpw ]qW sshZp jyhpw
knn tbmKnIsmgnv {]IrXymbpXpw
Cuiz cs krjv Sn {I a n \ \p k cn p Xp
amb {]hrnI XSbphm Bpw km[y
a. {`qWlXybpw hn[hIfpsSbpw hn[pccp
sSbpw AXy ZpxJw Fnh ]m] a t.
bu\w \ne\npthmfw hnjbkpJhpw
km\e_v[nbpw B{Klnpp. kmaqly
coXn, PmXn\nba Fnh AhcpsS B{K
ls ASnaptm clkyZpamK
fneqsS kzImaw ]qoIcnpp. hy`n
Nm chpw Zpcm N m chpw \inn m \ hgn
PntX{nbcmbncnm inbph hnhm
ltam \ntbm Ktam sNm Xn cn p Xm Wv .
Ah c s\ sNp Xv DNn X am Wv . ]t
C{nbsf ASphm Ignhnmhv
hnhm lhpw KXy c an m tm \ntbm
Khpw IqSntb Xocq. As\bmbm hy`n
Nmcw Ipdbpw. kvt\ln \nv Dak
m\ Dmbn a\pjy A`nhrn {]m]n
pw. {`qW lXy Xosc Cm Xm hp Ibpw
sNpw. \oN ]p cp j m tcmSv D a kv {Xo
Ipw thiymZn \nIrjvS kv{XoItfmSv \
]pcpjmpw DmIp hy`nNmcsa \oN
IrXyw, Xdhmn Ifw, hwi\miw, kv{Xo]p
cpjmcpsS km]w, {`qWlXy apXemb
Zpjv Ir Xy Fn h sbmw hnhmlw
sImpw \ntbmKw sImpw \inpp. AXn
\m \ntbmKw Hcp Bhiyw XsbmWv.
tNm: \ntbmKw Fs\ sNWw?
D: hnhmlw ]ckyambn sNpXpt]mse
\ntbm Khpw Fm hcpw Adnp sN Ww.
hnhmln\v thshcpsSbpw h[qhcm
cpsSbpw kXhpw kpjvSnbpw Bhiyam
bXpt]mse \ntbmKnepw Ah Bhiyam
Wv. kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw Xn \ntbmKn
tesSptm Ahcncphcpw XfpsS IpSpw
_nse kv{Xo]pcpjmcpsS ap]n hv
C{]Imcw i]Yw sNWw: ""R cp
t]cpw km \ e _v [n mbn \ntbm K n
GsSpp. \ntbmKns eyw {]m]n
m ]ns R kw_apt]npw.
adnp {]hnp ]w, R ]m]n
Ifpw kmapZmbnIhpw cmPIobhpamb in
l cp am Ip Xm Wv . amk n Hcp
{]mhiyw am{Xta R K`m[m\w sNp
I bp q . K` ap m bm ]n s Hcp
sImwhsc R th]ncnp hknpsIm
mw.''
tNm: kzw PmXnbn am{Xta \ntbmKw
BImhq Fptm? A\y Pm Xn bnepw
BImtam?
D: kv{Xov Xs PmXnbntem DXvIrjvS
PmXnbntem s] ]pcpjt\mSv \ntbmKamImw.
sshiyhWnep kv{Xov {_mW
{Xn b ssh iy m tcmSp IqSnbpw {Xn b
kv{Xov {_mlvW{XnbmtcmSp IqSnbpw
{_m W kv {Xov {_m W t\mSp IqSn
am{Xhpw \ntbmKamImw. hocyw katam DXvIr
jvStam Bb PmXnbptSXmsX \nIrjvSam
I cp sXp Xmev ] cyw. kv {Xo]p cp j msc
krjvSnncnpXns {]tbmP\w thZm\p
85
Iqehpw [am\pkrXhpamb hn[n hnhm
ltam \ntbm Ktam sNbv Xv km \ sf
Dev]mZnnpIbmWv.
tNm: ]pcp j\v ]p\hn hmlw sNm
hpXn\m \ntbmKw Fn\mWv?
D: ZznPhWv kv{XoIpw ]pcp
jmpw Hcn am{Xta hnhmlw ]mSp
q, cmaXp ]mSn. Fp thZimkv{X
fn hn[nnpsv apsmcnSp ]dn
pv. IpamcoIpamcmcpsS hnhmlw am{XamWv
icn. hn[hsb Ipamc\pw I\yIsb hn[pc\pw
hnhmlw sNpXv A\ymbhpw A[hp
am Wv . hn[ hsb hnhmlw sNp hm Hcp
]pcpj\pw B{KlnmXpt]mse hnhmlw
sNbvXv kv{XokamKaw sNbvXnp Hcphs\
hcnphm Hcp I\yIbpw B{KlnpIbn
. hnhmlnXs\ I\yIbpw hn[hsb Ipam
c\pw kzoIcnbnsp hcptm, \ntbm
Kns Bhiyw hcpp. XpeycpsS _
amWv [am\pkrXambXv.
tNm: hnhmln\pXpt]mse \ntbm
K n \p w thZm Zn im kv { X fn
{]amWaptm?
D: At\Iw {]am W Dv . ImWq!
tIq!
1. Ipl kzntmjm Ipl hkvtXmcizn\m
Iplm`n]nXzw IcXx IptlmjXpx. tIm hmw
ibp{Xm hn[thh tZhcw acyw \ tbmjm
IrWptX k[ B. (E. 10.40.2)
2. DZocv jz \mcy `n Po h tem Iw KXm
kptaXap] tij Gln. lkvX{Km`ky Zn[n
tjmkv XthZw ]XyqcvP\nXza`n kw _`qY.
(E. 10.18.8)
1. Atbm (Aizn\m) kvXo]pcpjmsc!
(tZhcw, hn[thh) hn[hbmb kvXo Xs
tZh c t\bpw
28
(tbmjm a cyw\) hnhm lnX
Xs `m hn t\bpw (k[t) kam\
m\pw ibnepw HnptNv km
t\m ev ]m Z\w (BIr WptX) sNp Xp
t]mse \nfncphcpw (Iplkzntmjm) cm{Xn
bnsehnsS (IplhkvXx) ]IsehnsS hkn
ncpp? (Iplp`n]nXzw IcXx) FhnsS\nv
]Zm t\Sn? (Iptlm jXpx) GXp
kabw FhnsSmw hknncpp? (tIm hmw
ibp{Xm) \n fpsS ib \ m\w Fhn sS
bmWv? \n Bcv? GXp \mpImc\mWv?
`mcym `m m hntZ i bm {X bnepw
klhknWsapw hn[hamp \ntbmKw
sNbvX ]XntbmSv hnhmlw sNbvX `m
hnt\msShw kwKanv km\e_v[nbm
Imsapw CXn\np knnpp. `m
hn\v A\p P Cs n hn[h BtcmSv
\ntbmKw sNpw?
D: tZh c t\m Sp X s. Fm tZh c
FXns Aw \n a\nemnbn
cn p Xp t]m se b . \ncp n ]d
bpp:
tZhcx IkvamXv ZznXotbm hc DNytX.
(\ncp. 3.15.)
hn[hbpsS cmas `mhns\bmWv
tZhc Fp ]dbpXv. `mhns A\p
Pt\m tPyjv Tt\m kzPm Xo bt\m AYhm
DX PmXo bt\m Bcm bm ep w hn [h
\ntbmKw sNpbmfns\ tZhc Fp ]d
bpp. 2. Atbm (\mco) hn[th, \o (GXw
KXmkpav) acnpt]mb `mhns\n Nnn
msX (titj) tijn ]pcpjmcn\nv
(A`nPohtemIw) Poh\p cmw `m
hns\ (Dss]ln) {]m]npI. (DZojz) CXn
s\n BtemNnv Cs\ \nbnpI (l
kvX{Km`ky Zn[ntjmx) hn[hbmb \ns
hopw ]mWn {K lWw sNp \nbp ]
XnmWv \ntbmKsan (CZav) Cu (P\n
Xzav) P\np Ipn (]Xypx) B \nbp]
XnbptSXmbncnpw. adnv \ns Bhiyn
\m sW n km\w (X h) \nt Xpam bn
cnpw (A`nkw_`qY) Cs\ \nivNbnp
I. \nbp]pcpj\pw Cu \nbw ]men
Ww.
AtZhrLv\y]XnLv\ossl[n inhm ]ip
`yx kpbam kphcvNmx. {]PmhXo hockqcvtZ
hrImam tkymt\aanw Kml]Xyw k]cy.
(AYhw 14.2.18)
29
(A]XnLv\ywtZhrLv\n)
30
`mhn\pw
tZhc\pw ZpxJapmm h\ntX, \o (C
28 `mhns Cfb ktlmZc
Fp cqVmYw
86
kXymY{]Imiw
l) Cu Krlm{ian (]ip`yx) arK
v (inh) awKfImcnWnbpw (kpbamx)
[ amK Nm cn Wnbpw (kp hcv Nmx) kp
cnbpw kIe imkv{XhnimcZbpw ({]PmhXo)
t{ijvTcmb ]p{X]u{XmZnIfphfpw (hoc
kqx) hoc]p{Xmsc {]khnhfpw (tZhrIm
am) tZhcs\ Imanphfpw (tkym\m) kpJ
{] Z bp am bn, `m hn t\tbm tZh c t\tbm
(G[n) {]m]nv, (Caav) Cu (Kmcvl]Xyav)
Krl kw _ n bmb (A n av ) tlmam
nsb (k]cy) Pzennp \ne\npI.
Xmat\\ hn[mt\\ \ntPm hntX tZhcx
(a\p. 9.69)
AXtbm\nbmb kv{Xo hn[hbmbm
`mhns kzw A\pP\v Ahsf hnhmlw
sNmw.
tNm: Hmtcmcppw F{X \ntbmKw
hoXw sNmw? hnhmlw sNbv X hcpw
\ntbmKw sNbvXhcpamb `mmcpsS
kwI Gh?
D:tkmax {]Ytam hnhntZ Kcv thm
hnhnZ Dcx. XrXotbm Anjv tS ]Xn
kvXqcobkvtX a\pjyPmx (E. 10. 85.40)
Atbm \mco! (tX) \ns ({]Yax) Hmw
hnhmlnse (]Xnx) `mhmbn (hnhntZ)
\ns {]m]npbmfn\v (tkmax) kuIpam
cymZn KpWfm tkma Fp t]cmWv.
\ntbmKm (hnhntZ) {]m]np ZznXo
b (Khx) asmcp kv{Xosb {]m]nncp
Xn\m Kh F kwbph\m
Wv . (Xr Xob D cx) ]noSv aqm as
`m hm Ip bmv (A nx) AXy [nI
km ] ap f hm p h\m I bm An
FmWv kw. (tX) \ns (Xpcnbx) \mep
apX ]Xn s\mp hsc bp \nbp ] Xn
Iv (a \p jy Pmx) a\pjy FmWv
kw.
"Cam Xzav'
31
F a{a\pkcnv kv{Xov
]Xn s\mp ]pcp j msc \ntbm Kn m hp
Xpt]mse ]pcpj\v ]Xns\mp kv {XoI
tfbpw \ntbmKnmw.
tNm: GImZikwbm ]p]p{Xm
scpw ]Xns\mmaXv ]Xnsbpw Fp
sImv FnqSm?
D: As\ Aw ]d bp ]w
""hn[thh tZh cav '' ""tZhcx Ikv amXv
ZznXotbm hc DNytX'' ""AtZ hrLv \n''
""Kthm hnhZ Dcx'' apXemb thZ{]
amWp hncpambn Xocpw. Fsm
\n fpsS hymJym \ a \p k cn v cmw
`mhv DmbnqStm.
tZhcmZzm k]nWvUmZzm kv{Xnbm kay
Mv\nbpbm. {]tP]vknXm[nKhym km
\ky ]cntb.
32
tPyjvtTm bhobtkm `mcymw bhobm\zm
{KPkv{Xnbav. ]XnsXu `htXm KXzm \nbp
mh]y\m]Zn.
33
Huckx t{XPss
h
34
Cs\bmWv a\p FgpXnbnpXv. k]n
WvU AYhm `mhns Bdp Xeapdhsc
AI _p fn s], `m hns
tPyjvTm\pPm, kzPmXnbneph, DX
Pm Xo b, Fn h tcm SmWv hn [ hbv v
\ntbmKw hnlnXambXv. Fm \ntbmKw
sNpXv hn[pc\pw hn[hbvpw km\e
_v[nv B{Klapsnte DNnXambncnq.
A\yw \nptmgpw \ntbmKw Bhiyam
Wv. km\w AXymt]nXambncnptm
gmsX (tPyjvTs `mcytbmSpIqSn A\pP
t\m A\pPs `mcytbmSpIqSn tPyjvTt\m
\ntbmKw sNbv Xp km \ ap m b Xn\p
tijw) hopw _w XpSm Ccphcpw
]XnXcmIpw. Hcp \ntbmKns IqSnb Imem
h[n cm as K`m [m\w hsc bm Wv .
CXn\p tijw \nbp Xn kam Kaw
]mSn. kv{Xo ]pcpjmcncphcpsSbpw Bh
iy am bn mWv \ntbm Ksa n \mem as
K`m[m\w hsc Imemh[nbmImw. Cs\
31 t]Pv 183 ImWpI. AhnsS {]IcWhim ]p
km\sfpw ChnsS \ntbmK{]IcWamIbm
]p \ntbmKhpw Hcp hnhmlhpsav AYw ]d
ncnpp.
32 a\p 9. 59
33 Sn. 9.50
34 Sn. 9. 159
29 AYhw 14mw ImWvUw 2mw kqw 18mw a{w
30 kzcimkv{Xa\pkcnv A]XnLv\o AtZhrLv\o
Fp ]Zw
87
ap]dhw ]p km\ hscbm
Imw. \nbp hopw kamKaw sNbvXm
AXp hnjbmkn \nanamWv. Xnanw
Ahsc ]XnXcmbn KWnpw. hnhmlnXcm
bmepw ]p Ip n I ]nd Xn\p tijw
Ahsc ImamXpccpw \nnXcpambn KWnpw.
hnhm lhpw \ntbm Khpw k Xn p thn
am{X am Wv . arK sf tmse arKob Ima
]qnp thnbsp Xmev]cyw.
tNm: `mhp acntijamsX Pohn
ncnptmgpw \ntbmKw \Smtam?
D: \Smw: A\yankz kp`tK ]Xnw
aXv. (E. 10. 10. 10) `mhn\v kmt\mev]m
Z\kmayw CmsX hcptm `mcytbmSv
Bm ]n Ww.: ""tl (kp` tK) ku`m
Kys Cnp \mco! \o (aXv) Fn
\nv (A\yw) A\y\mb `mhns\ (C
kz) CnpI. Fsm, Ctm Fn
\nv kmt\mev]n Dmhm km[yX
bn.'' Atm kv{Xov CXc]pcpj\pambn
\ntbmKw sNbv Xv km t\m ev ]m Z \ am Imw.
]t Ah kzw hnhmlnX `mhns\
ip{iqjnWw. CXpt]mse tcmKmZntZmj
fm kv {Xo km t\m ev ]m Z \ n\v Ak
abmIptm `mhnt\mSv A`yn
Ww: ""\mYm Fn \nv km\e_v[n
bpmIpsa Bi shSnv GsXnepw hn[
hsb \ntbmKw sNbvXv, km\`mKyw t\Sn
bmepw.'' ]mWvUpalmcmPmhns ]Xv\namcmb
Ipn, am{Zn Fnh C{]ImcamWv sNbvX
Xv. Nn{XmwKZ, hnNn{Xhoc Fo almcm
PmmcpsS acWtijw thZhymkalmap\n,
\ntbmKm Aw_nIbn [rXcmjv{S\pw
Aw_m en I bn ]mWv Up hn\pw Zmkn bn
hnZpcpw Pw \In, Ccw CXnlmk
\ntbmKn\v sXfnhmWv.
1. t{]mjntXm [cv a Imcymcv w {]Xo
tymfjv Su \cx kamx. hnZymcv Yw jSv
btimfcvYw hm ImamcvYw {XnwkvXp hcm\v.
2. hymjvStaf[nthZym_vtZ Zita Xp
arX{]Pm GImZti kv{Xo P\\o kZykvXz
{]nbhmZn\o (a\pkvarXn 9.76.81)
1. hn[n{]Imcw hnhmlw sNbvX ]Xv\nv
Xs `mhv [a\nanw Zqcbm{Xbnem
sWn FpsImhpw ]Tnmt\m Ion
km Zn p Xnt\m hntZ i bm {X bn em sW
n Bdp sIm hpw ]Ww km Zn mt\m
atm \mSp hnn cn p s n aqp sImw
hscbpw Imncp tijw \ntbmKw sNbvXv
km\e_v[n t\SmhpXmWv. `mhp
aSn hcptm \nbp]XnbpsS _w
ths] Spw.
2. Cs\ ]pcpjmcpsS Imcynepw \nb
aapv. hnhmlw Ignv Fp sImw hsc
K`w [cnm hysb Fmas hj
hpw `mcy {]khnp km\sfmw acn
pt]mIp ]w Ahsf ]mw sImn
epw s]IpnIsf am{Xw {]khnphsf
]Xns\mmw hjhpw A{]nbw ]dbphsf
DSs\Xsbpw ]cnXyPnv thsdmcp kv{Xo
tbmSpIqSn \ntbmKw sNbvXv, km\sf
t\Sm hp Xm Wv . CXp t]mse Xs kv {Xo
Ifpw `mm AXncp Ihnv D]{Zhn
phcmsWn Ahsc Dt]nv, A\y
]pcpjmtcmSpIqSn \ntbmKw sNbvXv km
\sf t\Sn Ahsc `mhns, kzn\
hIminIfmWw.
C s\ bp {]am W , bpn I
Fnhb\pkcnv kzbwhc coXnbn hnhm
lhpw \ntbmKhpw sNbvXv hwih\ sN
Ww. Huck]p{Xm (`mhn \npmb
a) ]nXmhns kzn\v AhIminIfm
Ip Xp t]mse t{X P m cmb (\n tbm K
m Dmb) ]p{Xmcpw arX]nXmhns
Zmb`mKn\v AhIminIfmIpp.
hocycPkpI AXnaqeyap hkvXpfm
sWv kv{Xo]pcpjm a\knemWw. Cu
aqey h kv Xp sf ]c kv {Xo I, thiy I,
ZpjvS]pcpjm FnhcpsS kwkKm
Zpcp]tbmKw sNph aqV Xs. henb
hnhcanm Irjnm t]mepw A\ycpsS
hben hnp hnXbv pn. kzw hb
entem tXmntem am{Xta hnXbvq. CXp
{]Xyambncnt, AXn{][m\amb a\pjy
icocns _oPs A\lamb t{X
n sImsdn bp h alm aq V \m Wv .
Fsm AXns êw hnXbvph\p
Inp n . ""Bm ssh PmbtX ]p{Xx''
88
kXymY{]Imiw
Ft{X {_mW ]dbpXv.
AwKmZwKmXv kw`hmkn lrZbmZ[n Pm
btk. Bmkn ]p{X am arYmx k Poh
icZx iXav..
35
(CXp kmathZ {_mWh
N\amWv)
tl ]p{X! \o Fs Fm AwKfn
\npw Dmb hocyn \npw lrZbn
\npamWv P\nXv. \o Fs Bmhp Xs.
Rm acnpXn\p apv \o acncpXv. \o
\qdp hjw PohnncnpI. alpfpw alm
ibmcpambhcpsS icocn\p \nZm\amb
hocyw thiymZn Zpjv S cn hnX bv p Xpw
ZpjvS_oPs \ ]m{Xfn hnXbvp
Xpw A]ISIcat{X.
tNm: FmWv hnhmlw? IjvSsSm\pw
_\n AIsp ZpxJnm\ptam? ]c
kv]c t{]aaph Hcpanncns. t{]aw
CmXmbm th]ncnbs. CXt icn?
D: PpfpsS kz`mhamWnXv. a\pjycp
tSX. hnhml\nbaw Csn Krlm
{ianse \ {]hrnIsfmw \inpt]m
Ipw. hrmsc ip{iqjnm\mfnmXmIpw.
hy`nNmcw hnpw. tcmKnIfpw _elo\
cpw Aev]mbpkpIfpambn a\pjy thKw acn
pw. XdhmSpI apSnbpw Bpw Bscbpw
`banmXmIpw. e Bpapmhn. kz
hImihpw `mKmhImihpw CmXmIpw hkvXp
fnt kzmhImiw CmXmIpw. CXn\v
DNnXamb ]cnlmcw hnhmlw Xs.
tNm: hnhmln GI ]Xv\o{hXhpw
GI`rhyhbpatbpq? Atm
kv{Xo K`nWntbm nctcmKnWntbm Bhp
Ibpw AYhm ]pcp j nc tcm Kn bm hp
Itbm sNbvXm, Ccphcpw buh\bp
scn {_NcykwcWw Ccphpa
kmyamIpw. Atm Ahscp sNWw?
D: CXn\pcw \ntbmK{]IcWnepv.
K`n Wn bmb `mcy tbmSv Hcm p Imew
kwtbmKw hn ]pcp j\pw tcmKn bmb
]pcp js `mcybv pw {_ N cy ]m e\w
Akm y sa n ap kv {Xo]p cp j m tcmSv
\ntbmKw sNbv Xv Ahv km \ e_v [n
ssIhcpWw. AmsX thiymkwkKtam
hy`nNmctam ]mSnXs.
ssIh i an m hkv Xp km Zn p
hm {ianpI, InnbXp cnpI, cn
Xp hnnpI, hnn [\w apgph\pw
\mSns \bvmbn sNehgnpI Fnh
sbmw Ign h \p k cnv sN Ww. kzw
hWm {i a [s ]qthm amb coXn
bn AXn{itbmsS a\kpw ]Whpw ico
chpw D]tbmKnv A\pjvTnWw. Ah\h
sbpw PohnX]mfnbpsSbpw amXm]nXm
msc Atbw ip{iqjnWw. kplrp
, Ab] m, `c Wm [n Im cn I,
hnZzmm, sshZym, kp Fnhtcm
sSmw kvt\l]qw s]cpamdWw. ZpjvScpw
A[a\ncXcpambhcpsS t\sc DZmko\cmbn
tZzj`mhw Ifv Ahsc \mphm {ian
Ww. Ignhp{X ]Ww apSn km\sf
kvt\l]qw ]Tnnv, Ahsc innXcpw
]qWhnZzmmcpamWw. [am\pkrXIa
A\pjvTnv tamtm]mbsf t\Snh
bv p Ibpw thWw. tam {]m ]v Xn bmbmte
]cam\w A\p`hnphm Ignbq. C\n Fgp
Xp Xcw tmIsf AwKoIcncpXv.
1. ]XntXm f ]n ZznPx t{ijv tTm \ N iqt{Zm
PntX{nbx. \ncvZpKvm Nm]n Kux ]qPym \
N ZpKvhXo Jco..
2. Aizmew`w Khmew`w kw\ymkw ]e
ss]{XnIw. tZhcm kptXmXv]nw Ieu
] hnhcvPtbXv..
3. \jv tS artX {]{h PntX oth N
]XntX ]Xu. ]kzm]p \mcoWmw ]Xn
ct\ym hn[obtX..
Ch ]cmics t]cn \nan I tmI
fmWv. ZpcmNmcnbmb {_mW t{ijvT
\pw kZmNmcnbmb iq{Z \oN\pambn F
sSp ]w AXntesd henb ]]mX
hpw A\ymbhpw A[ahpw FmWv?
1. ""]m Xcppsnepw Csnepw CS
b ]iphns\ cnWsan Ipihcpw
apw Igp Xsb Fp sImp cn W sa
35 Bm ssh ]p{X\makn F iX]YhN\hpw
(4.9. 4.26) \ncpw(3.4 DrXw) hN\hpw
Xn XmcXayw sNpI.
36 OmtmKyw a{{_mWw 1.5.17 s
]qhmhpw 18s Dcmhpw
89
n? IqSmsX Cu DZmlcWw Xs icnb
. Fsm, {_mW\pw iq{Z\pw a\p
jyPmXnbn s]Spp. ]iphpw IgpXbpw `n
PmXnIfmWv. Ah cpw arKPmXnbn s]
XmsWp ]dv DZmlcWns {]IrX
s Hcp hn[w {]IrXn\p tbmPnnmsa
nepw Bibn\p tNbnmbvIbm Cu
tmIw Hcnepw {]amWa.
2. Aizm ew ` \ sap ]dv IpXn csb
sImp tlmanpI, Khmew`\sa t]cn
] ip hns\ sImp tlman p I Fn
hbv p thZ n hn[n tb bn . Atm
Ahsb IenbpKn \ntj[npXp thZ
hncpat? Cu \oNIan\v IenbpKn
\ntj[apsp IcpXp ]w t{XXmZn
bpKfn AXn\p hn[nbpmbncpsm
Wtm hp IqSpI. Acw ZpjvIa
""t{ijvTbpK''n DmIpXv Akw`hy
amWv. kw\ymkn\v thZmZnimkv{Xfn
hn[nbpv. AXns\ \ntj[nphm {]amW
sampan. amwkmlmcw \njnamsWn
AXv Fpw \njnw XsbmWv tZhccn
\nv ]pt{Xm]m Z\w thZm \p a Xn bp Xm
Ibm tmIapmnbh Nnenp Imcy
an.
3. `mhp \jvS\mbncnptmhntZ
ihmknemsWn `mcy asmcmsf `m
hmbn hcnpIbpw Atm hnhmlw sNbvX
`mhp aSn hcnIbpw sNbvXm Ah
BcpsS `mcy bm bn cnpw? hnhmlw sNbv X
]Xn bpsS ]Xv \n bm bn cn p sa Dcw
\appw kzoImcyw Xs. Fm As\
Hcp hyh ]cmickv arXnbn ImWpn
. kv{XoIpmImhp B]me
At Dtm? `mhp tcmKnbmhpI, `mcym
`mmp Xn hntcm[apmhpI,
XpSnb B]pI Ane[nIat? AXn
\m Ccw tmIsf {]amWambn KWn
pXp icnb.
tNm: sImmatm tl, \n ]cmic
aljnbpsS hmn\pt]mepw hne Iev]n
p nt?
D: BcpsS hN\ambmepw thZhncpamb
XpsImv hneshpn. CXp ]cmics
hN \ hp a . Fs m ""{_tm hm N,
hknjv T Dhm N, cma DhmN inh Dhm N,
hnjvWpcphmN, tZhyphmN'' Fpw apw Nne
{K NabvpXv Ahsb temI kzoI
cnpsapw Xnanw [mcmfw ]Ww km
Znmsapw IcpXn am{XamWv. Cs\ AY
anm tmIsfgpXntpp, Cs\
Iqnt tmIsfmgnhmnbm thZm
\pkrXambXv a\pkvarXnbmWv. ap karXn
I thZm\pkrXa. ap hymP {Kfp
sSbpw nXn CXp XsbmsWp a\n
emWw.
tNm: Krlm{iaw am{iatfm
sNdptXm heptXm?
D: AXmXns Ihy Ia t\mn
bm Hmtcmpw t{ijvTamWv. Fm:
bYm \Zo \Zmx kcv th kmKtc bmn
kwnXav. XssYhm{ianWx kcvth Krl
t bmn kwnXav.. (a\pkvarXn 6.90)
bYm hmbpw kam{inXy hcvXt kcvh
Phx. XYm Krl am {inXy hcv Xt
kh B{iamx..
bkvamXv{Xtbm f ]ym{iantWm Zmt\\m
t\ Nm\zlw. Krltss\h [mcyt
XkvamtPyjvTm{itam Krlo.
k kmcyx {]b Xv t\\ kzcv K a b
anXm. kpJw tNtl Xm \nXyw tbm f
[mtcym Zpcv_te{nssbx.. (a\pkvarXn 3.77
79)
kap{Zn hogpwapv Apanpw Hgp
Ip sNdpXpw hepXpamb \ZnI kap{Zn
septXmSpIqSn ncXsb t\Spp. AXp
t]mse CXc B{ia Krlm{ias
B{ibnp ncX t\Spp. Krlm{iaan
sn am{iafpan.
{_Nmcn, hm\{], kw\ymkn Fo
aqm {i a fn ep hv Znh khpw `
Whpw apw \In \ne\npXv Krl
\mIbm Krlm{iaw tPyjvTm{iaamWv.
Fm B{i a fnepw shv [pc c am W
sXp ]dbpp. sFlnIkpJhpw tamhpw
Imwnph FpsNbvXpw Krlm{i
as \ne \n Ww. Zp_ te {n bpw
90
kXymY{]Imiw hm\{] k\ymkhn[n
òcppw _elo\pw \ne\nphm
km[n m Krl m {i as `wKn bmbn
kwc n Ww. Fm euInI hrn I fp
sSbpw B{ibw Krlm{iaamWv. Krlm
{iaansn km\fpmhn. Atm
{_ N cyw, hm\ {] w, kw\ymkw Fo
B{ia Fs\bpmIpw? Krlm{i
as \nnph \ny\pw AXns\ {]iw
kn p h {]iw k \o b \p am Wv . Fm
kv{Xo]pcpjm Ccphpw Hcp t]mse ]c
kv]ct{]aw, ]Tnv, ]cn{iaioew, Fm {]hr
nIfnepw Adnhv Fnhbpmbm am{Xta
Krlm{iaw kpJ{]ZamhpIbpq. Krl
m{iakuJyn\p apJyImcWw, {_N
cyhpw apsNm kzbwhck{Zmbnep
hnhmlhpamWv.
kam h \w, hnhm lw, Krlm {iaw
Fo hnjbsfn Cu kapmkn
C{Xbpw Npcpndp. ASpXn hm\
{]w, kw\ymkw Fnhsbn FgpXmw.
{ioaZv Zbm\ kckzXn kzmanIfm
kamh\hnhmlKrlm{ia
hn[nI {]Xn]mZnp
\memw kapmkw Ignp.
91
kXymY{]Imiw Amw kapmkw
{_Ncym{iaw kam]y Krlo`thXv Krlo
`qXzm h\o `thZz\o`qXzm {]{htPXv (iX.
14) {_ N cym {iaw Ignv Krl m {iaw
ssIsmv ]noSv hm\{]m{iaw kzoI
cnpIbpw AXn\ptijw kw\yknpIbpw
sNpXv Fmhpw DNnXamWv. CXmWv
B{iahn[n.
1. Ghw Krlm{ita nXzm hn[nh
kvv\mXtImZznPx, ht\ htkp \nbtXm
bYmhZznPntX{nbx
2. KrlkvXp bZm ]tiyZzeo]enXam
\x. A]Xysskyh Nm]Xyw XZmcWyw
kam{itbXv.
3. kwXyPy {Kmayamlmcw kcvhw ssNh
]cnZvav, ]pt{Xjp `mcymw \nxn]y h\w
Ktsslh hm.
4. Antlm{Xw kamZmb Krlyw Nmn
]cnOZav, {KmamZcWyw \nx krXy \nhtk
nbtX{nbx.
5. ap\ysscvhn hnss[cvtassyx imI
aqe^te\ hm FXmt\h almbmncvh
t]Zzn[n]qcvhIav. (a\p. 6. 15)
1. Cs\ kv\mXIcmb ZznPm {_
Ncyw A\p jv Tnp kam h\w sNbv X
{_m W {Xnb sshiy Kr l m {iaw
Ignv B\nb{Ww C{nbPbw Fn
htbmSp IqSn h\n hknWw.
5
Amw kapmkw
hm\{]kw\ymkhn[n
AY hm\{]kw\ymkhn[nw hymax
2. Xs XeapSn \cspw Pchspw
]u{X\pmsbpw Im Krl h\
n t]mbn ]mWw.
3. {KmaoWmlmcw, hkv{X, D]IcW
apXemb hne]nSnphIsf XyPnv,
]Xv\nsb ]p{Xs kwcWbnemn Imn
tep ]pdsSWw. `mcysb Iqnsmpt]m
hpIbpw sNmw.
4. Antlm{Xn\p Fm D]IcW
fpsaSpv \mSphnp Imnt]mbn C{nb \n{K
ltmSp IqSn AhnsS ]mWw.
5. Nma apXemb [m\y, CehK,
IngpI, ImbvI\nI, ]pjv] Fn
hIfm apsNm ]almbf\p
jv Tn Ww. Ah sIm p Xs AXn Yn
kmchpw Atlmhrnbpw IgnWw.
1. kzm[ymtb \nXy bpx kymmtm
ssa{Xx kam lnXx; ZmXm \nXy a \m ZmXm
kcvh`qXm\pII.
2. A{]bXv\x kpJmcvtjp {_Nmco
[cmibx, ictWjzaassiv Nh hraqe
\ntIX\x (a\p. 6.8.19)
1. ]TnpXnepw ]TnnpXnepw kZm
{im]qw, BPbw t\Sn, khan{Xhpw
C{n b tP Xm hpw, hnZym Zm Xmhpw Zbm ephpw
A\ys bmsXmpw kzoIcnmh\pambn
hmgWw.
92
2. ico c kp J n \mbn hfsc Azm \n
msX {_ Nm cn bm bn `mcy Hcp an p
snepw hnjbkpJw A\p`hnmsX \ne
p In S p d p Ibpw B{in X cp tStXm
kztam Bb Hnepw aaXbnmsX acp
hn ]mpIbpw thWw.
X]x{it tb lyp]hkyctWy
imm hnZzmwtkm ss`Ncymw Ncx.
kqcyZzmtcW tX hncPmx {]bmn
b{XmfarXx k ]pcptjm lyhybmm.
(apWvU. D. 2. 11)
X]p sNbvXpw [aa\pjvTnpw kXys
k{iw cnpw `nmm \nXyhrn
Ignpw imNncpw hnZzmmcpambh h\
n hknv \nXy \pw em` tN X c ln X \pw
]qW]pcpj\pamb ]cammhns\ \naecm
bn, {]mW\neqsS {]m]nv, ]cam\a\p`hn
phcmbn `hnpp.
A`ym Z[man kan[at {hX]tX Xzbnw
{ hXwN { imw tNmss] aot Xz m
ZontXmAlav (bPp. 20. 24)
""Antlm{Xw sNbvXp ZonX\mbn Rm
{ hXw kXym N cWw { i Fn hsb
{]m]npw'' Fn s\ k ev ]n p sImv
hm\{]m{iaw kzoIcnWw. hnhn[X]p
Ifmepw kXvkwKw, tbmKm`ymkw Nnipn
Fnhbmepw \naem\w kmZnWw.
kw\yknphm CbpmIptm `mcysb
]p{XmcpsS ASptebnv kw\ykn
Ww. Npcpn CXmWv hm\{]m{ia
hn[n.
AY kw\ymkhn[nx
ht\jp N hnlrssXyhw XrXobw `mK
am bpjx NXpcv Y am bptjm `mKw Xyzm
kwKm ]cn{htPXv (a\p. 6. 33)
Bbpkns aqmas `mKwAXpap
X Fgp]p hbkphsc hm\{]
\mbncp tijw Bbpkns \memas `mK
n kh kw K tfbpw ]cn Xy Pn v ,
kw\ymknbmIWw.
tNm: Krlhpw hm\{]hpw kzoI
cnmsX kw\ymkm{iaw kzoIcnpXp
]m]amtWm?
D: BsWpw Aspw hcmw.
tNm: cphn[n ]dbpsXs\?
D: cp hn[n ]dX. _meyIm
ep hnc\mb tijw hnjbkpJfn
AIsSph alm]m]nbpw AIsSmXn
cnph alm ]pWyhm\mb kXv]pcpj
\pamWv. ""bZltch hnctPZltch {]{h
tPXv h\mZzm,KrlmZzm {_NcymtZh {]{h
tPXv .''
1
CXp {_m W h N \ am Wv . hncn
Dm Ip tm Xs, Krlm {i a n
\ntm, hm\{]n \ntm, kw\ymkw
kzoIcnp sImWw. app ]d kw\ym
k{Ian A`n{]mbt`Zapv:hm\{]w
kzoIcnXn\p tijw kw\yknWsav Hcp
]w; hm\ {]w ssIsm f fmsX Krl
m{ian \npXs kw\yknmsap
asmcp ]w, ]qW sshZpjyw kmZn
h\pw, hnjbkpJn CNvObnmh\pw,
]tcm]Imc Xev]c\pamb ]qcqj\v {_N
cym{ian \npXs kw\ymkw kzoI
cn m sap aqmw ]w. thZ fnepw
""bXbx {_mWky hnPm\Xx"" Fp XpS
nb ]Zsfsmv kw\ymkw hn[nnp
v. Fnepw:
\mhnctXm ZpivNcnXmmimtm \mkam
lnXx. \mimam\tkm hm]n {]Pv Rmt\
ss\\am]v\pbmXv. (IT. D. 2. 33.)
ZpcmNmcnbpw imkz`mhanmh\pw
tbm K kn n bn m h \pw im Nn
\mh\pambh kw\yknmepw {]m
\m ]c am m hns\ {]m]n p X .
AXn\m :
bNvtOZzmMva\ko {]m kvXZyNvtOZv
m\ B \o m\ am \n alXn
\obNvtOZyNvtO NvOmB\o.(IT.
D.3.13)
_pn am \mb kw\ymkn hmv , a \kv
Fnhsb A[n \nIn m\
nepw Bmhnepw DdnWw. ]ns B
m\tbpw Bmhnt\bpw Cuizc\n
1 Pm_mtem]\njv 4mw JWvUn
]mTn\p {Iat`ZtmsS Cu hN\w ImWmw.
* EtKzZw 8.6.18
93
Dd np \np Ibpw B hnm\s
im kzcq ] amb Bm hn nc ambn
{]XnjvTnpIbpw sNWw.
]co y temIm Icv a Nn Xm {_m
tWm \nthZambmmkvXyIrXx IrtX\
XZznm \mcv Yw k Kpcp ta hm `n KNv tOXv
kanXv]mWnx t{im{Xnbw {_\njvTav (ap.
D.1.2.12)
euInI kpJ sfmw Iaw sImp
kmZnXmsWdnv {_mWkw\ym
knhnc\mIWw. AIrXamb (Ian
\n p m b X m ) Cuiz cs\ Iaw
sImp am{Xw {]m]npI km[ya. AXn
\m Kpcphn\nphm Aev]sasnep
ambn,hnZymk\pw ssZh\pamb Kpcp
hns ASpv m\w kmZnphm t]mI
Ww. AhnsSsv kI e kw i b pw
\nhrn hcp Ww. Fm Hcp\mfpw
kwkKw sNcpXmhscn ]dbmw:
1. AhnZybmatc hcvam\mx
kzbw [ocmx ]WvUnX\yam\mx
PMvL\yam\x ]cnbn aqVm
Atss\h \nbam\m bYmmx.
2. AhnZymbmw _lp[m hcvam\m hbav
IrXmYm CXy`na\yn_memx
bXvIcvantWm \ {]thZbn cmKmXv
tX\mXpcmx oWtemImyht.
(ap.D.1.2.8,9)
1. A m \ n can v , kzbw [occpw
]Wv Un X cp ambn Na v A `n am \n p
aq Vm A t[m K Xn sb { ]m]n p p .
Aam \bn p Aam sc tmse
Ahsc ]npScph At\IZpxJ A\p
`hnpp.
2. Ahn Zy bn _lp hn t[\ hnl cnv
IrXm cm sWv kzbw A`n am \n p
_me_pnIp m\apmIphm Ia
ImWvUm\pbmbnIfpw cmKm tamlnXcp
am b hp km[ya . AXn \m Ah
2
BXpccmbn P\\acWZpxJn hoWpgep
p. AXn\m:
thZmhnm\kp\nnXmcvYmx
kw\ymktbmKmZyXbx ipkXzm
tX {_temtIjp ]cmImte
]cmarXx ]cnapNyn kcvth
(apWvU. D. 2.6)
thZm n Cuizc {]Xn ]m Zn X amb
thZ a { fp sS A m\w sImpw
BNmcw sImpw kpZrVamb kw\ymktbm
Km Nnipnbpmb kw\ymknam ]c
ammhn tamkpJw {]m]nv, B\a\p
`hnXn\ptijw, tamkpJns Ah[n
]qW am Ip tm hopw kwkm c _
n Fpp. tamw sImmsX asm
n\mepw ZpxJw \inpIbn. Fsm:
\ ssh kicocky kXx {]nbm{]nbtbm
c]lXnckvXy icocw hmhkw \ {]nbm
{]ntb kv]riXx (OmtmKyw)
3
tZl[mcnv kpJZpxJfn \np thdn
ncnm km[ya. icocclnX\mb Pohm
mhp tamn khhym]nbmb kth
izct\mSpIqSn ip\mbn hknpXn\m
kmwkmcnI kpJZpxJ AXns\ kv]in
pIbn. AXn\m:
]pss{XjWmbm hnssjWmbm
temssIjWmbm hypm bm Y`n m
Ncyw Ncn.
4
(iX]Yw 14)
temI _ lp am\hp w em` hp w [\w
sImp kpJhpw am\yXbpw ]p{XmZnIfn
tamlw CXymZn shSnv kw\ymknam `np
fmbn cm]I tamkm[\bn XXv]c
cmbncnpp.
{]mPm]Xymw \ncqt]yjvSow Xkymw kcv
hthZ kwlpXzm {_mWx {]{htPXv (b
PpthZ{_mWw)
5
{]Pm]Xymw \ncqt]yjvSow kcvhthZkZ
nWmw; B \y ok am tcm ]y {_m
lvaWx {]{htPZv KrlmXv
2 kzKmZnIfnnv bw apXemb
kImaIam\pjvTm\fn
BXpccmbhscYw.
3 Omtm D 8.12.1
4 iX]Yw 14. 6. 4.1
5 \ymbkq{XfpsS hmymb\ `mjy (4, 16162)n
CXv {]Pm]XymanjvSnw \ncq]y Xkymw kcvhthZkw
lpXm Bm\y \oK kamtcm]y {_mWx {]{h
tPXv Fv DrXamWv.
94
tbm ZXzmkcv h `q tX`yx {]{h P Xy `bw
KrlmXv Xky tXtPm abm temIm ` hn
{_hmZn\x (a\p. 6.38.39)
{]Pm ] Xn sb Cuiz cs\ {]m]n p hm
b a \p jv Tnv B b n ]qWq;
inJ apX emb Nn sfmw Dt] n v ,
Bl h \obw XpS nb Av An Isf
{]mW, A]m\, hym\, DZm\, kam\
Fo Av {]mW fn Btcm ]Ww
sNbvXv {_m\nbmb {_mW hoSp
shSnv kw\ymknbmIWw.
kIe {]mWnIpw A`bw \In hoSp
shSnv kw\yknp {_hmZnvCuiz
c {] Im in X amb thZ n ]d n cn p
[amZn hnZyIfp]tZinp kw\ymknv
{]Imiabamb AXmbXv tamm\cq]nbmb
temIw e`npp.
tNm: kw\ymknbpsS [w FmWv?
D: ] ]m X c ln X amb \ymbm N c Ww,
kXy{KlWw, AkXyXymKw, thtZmamb
Cuizcmsb A\pkcnpI, ]tcm]Imcw
sNpI kXyw ]dbpI, Fnhsbmw, CXc
B{iafnephpw, a\pjyp s]mXp
shbpw hn[n n cn p s nepw kw\ym kn
amv hntij hn[nbmb [a ]dbmw.
1. ZpjvSn]qXw \ytkXv]mZw hkv{X]qXw
Pew ]nt_X.v kXy]qXmw htZZzmNw a\x
]qXwkamNtcXv.
2. {Ipyw \ {]Xn {Ipt[yZm {IpjvSx
Ipiew htZXv. k]vXZzmcmhIocvWmw N \
hmNa\rXmw htZXv.
3. A[ym c Xn cm kot\m \nc t]tm
\n cm an jx. B ss\h klm tb\
kpJmcvYo hnNtcZnl.
4. r]vXtIi\Jiva{ipx ]m{XoZWvUo
Ipkpw ` hm. hnN tc n btXm \nXyw
kcvh`qXm\y ]oUb.
5. C{nbmWmw \ntcmt[\ cmKtZzj
tbW N. Alnwkbm N `qXm\maarXXzmb
Iev]tX.
6. ZqjntXmf]n Ntccvaw b{X X{Xm{ita
cXx. kax kcvthjp `qtXjp \ enwKw [cva
ImcWav.
7. êw IXIhrky bZy]yw_q{]km
ZIav. \ \ma{KlWmtZh Xky hmcn {]ko
ZXn.
8. {]mWmbmam {_mWky {Xtbmf]n
hn[nhXvIrXmx. hymlrXn {]Wsshcypm
hntbw ]caw X]x.
9. Zlyt [vambam\m\w [mXq\mw ln
bYm aemx. XtY{nbmWmw Zlyt tZmjmx
{]mWky \n{KlmXv.
10. {]mWmbmssacvZtltmjm [mcWm
`n Inev _njav . {]XymlmtcW kwkcv Km
[ymt\\m\oizcm KpWm.
11. DmhtNjp `qtXjp ZpcvtbmaIr
Xm`nx. [ym\tbmtK\ kw]tiyZv KXna
kymcm\x.
12. Alnwktb{nbmkMvssKcvsshZnssI
ssh Icva`nx. X]kcssWtmss{K
km[bol XXv]Zav.
13. bZm `mth\ `hXn kcv h `m thjp
\nkv]rlx. XZm kpJahm]vt\mXn t{]Xy
tNl N imizXav.
14. NXpcv`nc]n ssNhssXcv\nXyam{ian
`ncv ZznssPx. Zi e WtIm [cv ax tkhn
Xhyx {]bXv\Xx
15. [rXnx am ZtamfkvtXbw iuNan
{n b \n {Klx. [ohn Zym k Xy a t{Imt[m
ZiIw [cva eWav.
16. At\\ hn[n\m kcvhmw kvXyzm
kw KmRv Oss\x iss\x. kcv h Zz z hn
\ncvaptm {_tWyhmhXnjvTtX (a\p.
6)
6
1. kw\ymkn hgnbn IqSn \Sptm
Apanpw t\mmsX Xmsg t\mn \S
Ww. kZm app sImv Acn shw IpSn
Ww. kZm kXyw kwkm cn Ww. CS hn
SmsX a\\wsNbvXv kXys {Klnv Ak
Xys XyPnWw.
2. A\y tcmSp kwkm cn p tmtgm
A\yp]tZiw \Iptmtgm Bscnepw
6 a\p. 6mw A[ymbw 46, 48, 49, 52, 60, 66, 67, 70,
73, 75, 80, 91, 92, 81 Fo{Ian tmI
95
tIm]n p Itbm \nn p Itbm sNbv Xm
kw\ymkn AhtcmSp tIm]nmsX Ahp
t{ibpmI D]tZiw \IpI am{Xta
sNmhq. hmbv, cp \mkmZzmc, cp
IpI, cp sNhnI Fns\ Ggp
Zzmc fn eqsS hym]n p hmns\ Hcn
epw anYybmsbcpXv.
3. Xnepw ]cammhnepw ncambn canv
B{K l shSn v , aZy amw km Zn I
hnv Bmhns klmbm am{Xw
e`np kpJn A`nejnv [aw, hnZy
Fn h bpsS A`n hr np tN D] tZ i
\Insmv Cu temIn kcn
Ww.
4. \Jw apdnv, apWvU\w sNbvXp IaWvU
ephpw ZWvUpw ssInten, Imhn apnb
hkv{XfpSpv, \nnXmmhmbn, Hcp Pohn
sbbpw ]oUnnmsX, kw\ymkn kh{X
k cn Ww.
5. C{nbsf A[an \nIn cmK
tZzjfnmsX kIePohnItfmSpw sshcw
shSn v hn v , tam k m Z\
kmays hnnWw.
6. GsXnepw Hcp B{ia\mb ]pcp
j C hnsS kw\ym kn B sc nepw Xs
ZpjnpItbm kvXpXnpItbm sNbvXmepw
khPohnItfmSpw ]]mXanmsX s]cp
amdn kzbw [aa\pjvTnv A\ymsc [am
\pjvTm\X]ccmWw. ZWvUv, IaWvUep,
Imjmbhkv{Xw apXembh [cnXpsImv
[aapmhpIbnspw a\pjypw CXc
Po hn Ip w kXy ap ] tZ in p w hn Zy
\Inbpw DXnbpmpXmWv kw\ym
knbpsS {][m\ [asapw AdnbWw.
7. tXmc s]mSnp Ieshnen
m shw sXfnbpw. ]t AXp s]mSnn
SmsX tXm c sep ]d Xp sIm tm
tIXpsImtm Ieshw sXfnbpIbn
.
8. AXn \m, {_m W {_ m \n
bmb kw\ymkn HmwImctmSpw k]vXhym
lrXnItfmSpw IqSn hn[n{]Imcw bYmin
{]mWm bmaw sN Ww. Hcn epw aqp
{]mWmbman IpdbcpXv. CXp XsbmWv
Hcp kw\ymknbpsS ]caamb X]v.
9. Fsm; Xobn Dcpnb teml
fnse amen\yw \on tm Ip Xp t]mse
{]mW\n{Klm a\knsebpw an{nb
fnsebpw tZmj `kvaambntmIpp.
10. AXn \m, kw\ym kn am Znh tk\
{]mWm bm a m Bm hv , Ax I c Ww,
C{n b Fn h bnse tZmj , [mc
W bm ]m] , {]Xym lmcw sImp
kwkKtZmjw, [ym\wsImv A\oizcKpW
fmb kpJZpxJ, Am\w XpSnb
Pohmmhns tZmjsf `kvaamnfb
Ww.
11. hnZzmmcpw tbmKnIfpamhv Ahn
tbambXpw sNdpXpw hepXpamb kakvX
hkvXpfnepap kthizchym]vXntbbpw
Pohmmhnsbpw Acymanbmb kthiz
csbpw KXntbbpw [ym\w sImv Adnb
Ww.
12. Fm Pohn I tfmSpw sshc an msX
hnpI, C{nbsf hnjbfn \nv
AIpI, thmtZmIahpw AXyp{Kamb X]
cybpw Fnhbm Cu temIn ap]
d hn[nep kw\ymknamp am{Xta
tam ]Zw {]m]n p hm\pw ap hv
AXns\ kmZnp sImSpphm\pw km[np
Ibpq. ampw km[npIbn.
13. kw\ymkn kIe `mhfnepw \nxkv]r
l \m bn cpv _mlym `y chrn I sfmw
kZv`mh\bm ]cnipampIbpw sNbvXm
am{Xta Clnepw ]cnepw \ncckpJw
e`nq.
14. AXpsImv {_Nmcn, Krl, hm\
{], kw\ymkn Fnhscmw XpSp
]d bp Zi e W bp amb [as
k{iw A\pjvTnWw.
15. Hm as e Ww ([r Xnx) Fm
bvt]mgpw ss[cyw thWw. cv (am)\n,
kvXpXn, am\w, A]am\w, em`w, \jvSw XpSn
ZpxJfn t]mepw kl\ioew. aqv (Zaw)
a\kns\ A[an \nIn kZm [a
hrnbn hv. A[tat]mepw CmXm
pI, \mev (AkvtXbw) Iw, Im]Syw,
96
hnizmkh\ apXembhbmtem thZhncp
amb D]tZiw sImtm A\ys hkvXpsf
A] l cn p Xp Nucy sap ]d bp p.
Nucys XyPn p XmWv Akv tXbw;
Av (iu Nw) cmK tZz j ] ]mXw
apXemb at\mtZmjfn \nIn B`y
camb ]cnipnbpw shw, av apXemb
hbm tXpIgpIn _mly]cnipnbpw km
ZnpI. Bdv (C{nb\n{Klw) C{nbsf
A[amNcWn \nIn [a\ncXam
pI. Ggv ([ox) amZI{Zhyfpw _pn\m
iIamb elcnIfpw ioenpI, ZpP\kw
kKw, aSn, {]amZw apX emb tZmj
XyPnv t{ijv T h kv Xp fpsS D] tbm Kw,
k\kwkw tbmKm`ymkw Fnhbm
_pnsb hnnpI, Fv (hnZym) ]rYnhn
apX kthizchscbp ]ZmfpsS
bYmm\w t\Sn B m\s bYm
tbmKyw D] tbm Kn p Ibp w kXys
ap\nn {]hnpIbpw sNbvI, Bm
hnteXpt]mse a\nepw a\ntXpt]mse
hmnepw hmnteXpt]mse {]hrnbnepw
sNbvI CXmWv hnZy. CXn\p hn]coXsamw
AhnZybmWv. HXv (kXyw) Hcp hkvXp
F s\ bmtWm A s\ Xs AXns\
AdnbpIbpw ]dbpIbpw {]hnpIbpw
sNpI. ]v (At{Im[x) tZzjw apXemb
tZmjfIn imX apXemb KpWsf
kzoIcnpI. Cs\ ]p eWfp
[as ]]mXanmsX \ymbambn \mev
B{i a fn ep hcpw A\p jv Tn Ww.
Fm Cu thtZm[as kzbw A\p
jvTnpIbpw A\ysc D]tZinv A\pjvTnn
pIbpw sNpXv kw\ymknamp hn[n
hntij [aamWv.
16. Cs\ Aev]mev]ambn kwKtZmj
sfsbmw AIn ljw, timIw XpSnb
hn]coX `mhsf CmXmnb kw\ymkn
{_n ebnpp. Krlpw as
mhpw kIehn[ {]hrnIfnepw kXy
\nbw hcpnsmSpv, Ahsc A[a
{]hrnIfn \nv tamNnnv kIehn[
kwi b \n hm cWw hcpn Ahsc kXyw
[aw Fn h bv \p k cn Ia fn
{]hnnpXv kw\ymknbpsS {][m\
amb IhyamWv.
tNm: kw\ym k n\p {_mlv aWp
am{Xta hn[nbptm? AtXm {XnbmZnI
fpsSbpw [cvaamtWm?
D: kw\ym k n\v {_m W\p am{Xta
A[n Imcw Dq . Fm PmXn I fn ep w
]qWhnZzmmcpw, [manIcpw ]tcm]ImcX
ev ] cp amb P\ fpsS t]cmWv {_m W
F Xv . ]qW ssh Zp jyw, [a X ev ] c X,
Cuiz c \n jv T, hnc n, Fn h bn m h
kw\yknpXp sImv temIn\v ]db
D] Im c sampw e`n p I bn . AXn
\m {_mW\msX ampw kw\ymk
n\v A[nImcansp temI ]dbmdpv.
a\pkvarXnbn AXn\v {]amWhmIyhpapv:
Gj thmf`nlntXm [cvtam {_mWky
NXpcvhn[x. ]ptWymfbêx t{]Xy cmP
[cvaw \nt_m[X. (a\p. 6. 97)
alm\mb a\p ]dbpp: ""Atbm Ejn
P\tf, {_Ncyw, Kmlyw, hm\{]
w, kw\ymkw Fo \mev B{i a
kzoIcnpXv {_mWs [aamWv. Cl
n ]pWy cq ] am bXpw, ]c n tam
sa A bm \ sbpw \Ip XmWv
kw\ymk[aw. C\n Rm ]dbp cmP[a
sasv tIphn"" kw\ymkw kzoIcn
p hm {_m W \mWv A[n Im c sapw
{XnbmZnIv {_Ncym{iant\ A[n
Imcapffp Fpw knnpp.
tNm: Fn\mWv kw\ymkw kzoIcnp
Xv ?
7
D: icocn incshw NXpcm{i
afn kw\ymkhpw AXymt]nXamWv.
kw\ymkm{iaansn hnZym, [aw Fn
h, Hcnepw A`nhrnsSpIbn. ap aqm
{iafnepffhpw hnZymyb\w, KrlIr
Xy \nh l Ww, X]iv Ncy Fn h bp f f Xn
\m hfsc Ipdp kabta Hgnhp e`nbvp.
ap aqm {i a mpw ] ]m X an msX
s]cpamdm {]mbmkamWv. khYm kzX{
\mb kw\ymknv km[np{X temtIm]
Imcw sNphm CXc B{iamp Ign
bpIbn. kXyhnZybm ]ZmhnPv Rm\w
7 Cu hnjbsn \ymbZi\w 41. 58.61 s
hmymb\`mjyn N sNbvXnpv.
97
t\Sphm kw\ymknp e`np{X kabw
CXc B{ianIp e`ya. {_Ncyn
\np t\cnp kw\ymkw kzoI cn bm fn\v
kXyinWm temIn\v DmnsIm
Spphm Ignbp{Xbpw A`nhrnbpw D
Xnbpw Krl hm \ {] p tijw
kw\y kn p bm fn\v t\Sn sm Sp p hm
kmya.
tNm: kw\ymkw kzoIcnpXv Cuiz
tcbvp hncpamWv. a\pjy hn
WsamWv Cuiztc. Krlm{iaw kzoI
cn m h\v km\w Dm hp I bn .
kw\ymkw apJyamsWv IcpXn, Fmhcpw
kw\yknm a\pjys hwi\miw hp
t]mIpw.
D: icn, hnhmlnXcmb At\Iw t]v
km\an. Dmbn DS \inppapv.
AXpw Cuiztcbvp hncpamsWp hcpw.
""bXv t\ IrtX bZn \ kn [y Xn tImf{X
tZmjx""
8
Fsmcp Ihn ]d n p v ,
Aw:""]cn{iannpw Imcyknn Cs n
sep tZmjw? tZmjansw"". FmWv
\n ]dbpsXn Rm tNmZns,
Krlm{ianIv At\Iw km\
Dm hp Ibpw Ah ]c kv ]cw hntcm [nv
Xnn acn p Ibpw sNbv Xm F{X
hen b hn ] m WXv ? hn cp m `n { ]mbw
\nanw hfsc bp fp m Ip p v .
kw\ymkn sshZnI[aw am{Xw D]tZinv ]c
kv]c kvt\lw hfnbm eWn
\m fp I c s] Spw. Bbncw Krl sc
tmse a\pjysc hnnpw. hnjbkpJm
k n sb XyPn v Fm a\p jyp w
kw\ymkw kzoIcnm Hcnepw km[ya
. kw\ymknamcpsS D]tZiw sImv [man
I cmb a\p jy scmw kw\ym kn bpsS ]p{X
mcmsWp hnNmcnWw.
tNm: ""Rp Ihysampw C.
`Whpw hkv{Xhpw `n hmn B\
ambn Ign bWw A{X X s. Ahn Zym cq ]n
bmb kwkmcn apn XethZ\sbn
\pmWw? "Rm {_amWv' Fp hnNm
cnv kpjvS\mbn IgnbWw. D]tZiw tXSp
htcmSv "\obpw {_amWv; \ns ]pWy
]m ] kv ]in p I bn; Fs m
iotXmjvW icocnsbpw, hnipw
Zmlhpw {]mWsbpw, kpJZpxJ a\
knsbpw [aamWv. temIta anYy. euInI
hrn I sfmw `mh \bpw Ak Xy hp am I
bm AXn s]pg ep Xv _pn b .
]pWyhpw ]m]hpw tZlnsbpw C{nb
fp tSbpw [a amWv ; Bm hn t X''
Fp]tZinpw. Cs\bmWv kw\ymkn
am ]dbpXv. CXn \np hyXymkap
ff kw\ymksnbmWv Ap ]dbp
Xv. GXmWv kXyw. GXmWkXyw?
D: Ahp \ Imcysfmpw sNp
hm\nstm? t\mq! ""sshZnssIivssNh
Icva`nx''
9
FmWp a\phN\w. sshZnIIa
[am\pkrXhpw kXyhpambIa
kw\ymknamcpw Ahiyw A\pjvTnWsa
mWnXn\w. `Ww hkv{Xw apXembh
Dt]nphm Ahp Ignbptam? AXp
t]mepw Dt]nphm icm Ah
t{ijvTIa XyPnpXp sImv ]Xn
Xcpw ]m]n I fp am hp I bnt? Krl cn
\nv `Ww hkv{Xw apXembh hmpIbpw
Ahv AXn\v {]Xyp]Imcw sNmXncnp
IbpamsWn AXp alm]m]at? ImWp
Ibpw tIpIbpw sNmXncpm Ipw
sNhnbpw sImv {]tbmP\an. AXpt]mse
ktXym]tZiw \IpIbpw thZmZnimkv{X
fpsS a\ \hpw {]Nm chpw \S p Ibpw
sNmXncpm kw\ymknam temIn\v
`mcamhpItb Dffq. AhnZybpsS kzcq]amb
{]]sn Nnnp Xe]pIbvpsX
ns\v FgpXpIbpw ]dbpIbpw apw sNp
hcmWv anYybpw ]m]nIfpw. imcocnI Ia
sfmw Xs Bmhns IafmWv.
BmhmWv AhbpsS êw A\p`hnp
Xv . Pohm mhv {_ am sWp ]d bp h
AhnZybn \n{ZsImffpp. Poh Aev]\pw
Aev ] \p am bn cns {_w kh hym
]nbpw kh\pamWv. {_w \nXy ip
_pap kz`mhnbmsWn Pohmmhv,
Nnetm ap\pw Nnetm _\pw BIp
p. khhym]nbpw kh\pamb {_
8 ]X{w an{Xt`Zw IY 4 tmIw 217 9 a\p, 6/75
98
n\v Hcnepw sXtm AhnZytbm Dmhp
Ibn. Poh\v m\hpw APv Rm\hpw amdn
amdn DmIpp. {_n\v P\\acWZpxJw
Hcnepw DmIpn. Poh\v AXpmIp
p. AXn\m Poh\pw {_hpw HmsW
D]tZiw anYybmWv.
tNm: kw\ymkn khIa ]cnXymKnbpw
An, temlw Fnh sXmSpIbnspw ]d
bpXp icntbm sXtm?
D: icn b . ""kayMv \nXy amkv tX
bkvan, bZzm kayMv \ykyn ZpxJm\n
IcvamWn tb\ k kw\ymkx; k {]ikvtXm
hnZytX bky k kw\ymkn'' ZpjvIa
XyPnv kz`mhtmSpIqSn hnph
\mWv kw\ymkn. AXn\m kXvIaf\p
jvTnph\pw ZpjvIasf Zqsc XyPnp
h\pamWv kw\ymkn.
tNm: A[ym]\hpw D]tZihpw Krlm
{iam \Sppv. ]ns k\ymknam
scsmv FmWp {]tbmP\w?
D: Fm hcpw ktXym ] tZiw sImSp p
Ibpw tIpIbpw sNWw. ]t k\ym
knv DmImhp{Xbpw kabhpw, ]]m
Xanmbvabpw Krl\v DmhpIbn. ]pcp
j m ]pcp j mpw kv {XoI kv {Xo
Ipw D] tZ ihpw hnZybpw \tI Xv
{_mWcpsS ISabmWv. Fm Zqcbm{X
\nccw sNphm kw\ymknp Inp{X
kuIcyw Krlcmb {_mWp t]mepw
Inp I bn . {_m W thZ hn cp ambn
hXpw sNbvXm Ahsc \nb{ntXv
kw\ym kn bm Wv . AXn \m kw\ymkw
DNnXw Xs.
tNm: ""GI cm{Xnw htkXv {Kmta''
10
CXymZn hN \ m HcnSv Hcp cm{Xn
am{Xta kw\ymkn hkn m hq. IqSp X
]mSntm?
D: CXv Hsmcwin \XmWv. HcnSp
Xs ]mm temIv henb D] Im c
sampw DmhpIbn. Hcp ent\mSv
hntijm`n\nthiw DmhpIbpw cmKtZzj
hnpIbpw sNpw. Fm HcnSp
XmaknpXp sImv hnhn[ D]Imc
DmIpsan As\ sNWw. P\Ialm
cmPmhnsbSpv ]inJchpw ap kw\ym
knamcpw Bn \mep amkw hoXw hf
scmew hknncpp. ""GIcm{Xow htkXv
{Kmta''10 FXv Cmes I]Skw\ymkn
amcpsS krjvSnbmWv. Aq HcnSv A[n
IImew Xmaknp ]w AhcpsS s]m
cw shfnhmIpw. Ah[nIw hfcphm
AkmyamIpw.
tNm: ""bXo\mw Im\w ZZymmw_qew
{_NmcnWmw. NucmWma`bw ZZym \
tcm \ cIw {htP Xv ''
11
kw\ym kn amv
kzWw Zm\w sNph \cIw {]m]np
sat CXn\w?
D: hWm {ia hn tcm [n I fmb k{ Zm bn
Ifpw kzmSepIfmb ]ucmWnIcpw IqSn
FgpXn hnXmWnXv. kw\ymknamv ]Ww
Innbm Xsf FXnphm Ah in
ammcmIpsapw Ah Xsf \innp
sapw, kw\ymknam X[o\cmbncn
bmWv \sXpw Ah IcpXpp. `nm
Zn I sfmw X fpsS A[o \ n em bm
kw\ymknam `bsSpw. aqVpw kzmn
Ipw Zm\w sNpXp \XmsWn ]Tn
p ]tcm ] Im cn I fmb kw\ym kn amv
Zm\w \IpXn Hcp tZmjhpan. hnhn
[m\nN cXv\m\n hnhntjq]]mZtbXv.
12
FmWp a\p h N \w, hnhn [ c Xv \ fpw
kzWhpw [\hpw hnhmv kw\ym
knamv sImSpWw Fw. IqSmsX
\n ]d Xv A an m XmWp
Xm\pw. kw\ymknamp kzWw sImSpp
ZmXmhv \c I n t]mIp sa n shn,
apv, h{Pw apXembh sImSpph kzK
n t]mIptam?
tNm: apt sNmnb tmIn ]niIp
10 \mcZ ]cn{hmPI D]\njn 4/14, KuXa
[akq{Xw 3 11, kw\ymtkm]\njv Fo A{]mam
WnI {Kfn Cu hN\w ImWmw.
11 211mw t]Pnse 10mas ASnpdnv t\mpI.
12 eLp]cmickvarXn 1/51 ambn XmcXayw sNpI.:
bXtb Im\w ZXzm Xmw _qew {_ Nm cntW
Nutct`ymf]`bw ZXzm ZmXm f]n \cIw {htPXv. 12
a\p. 7, 6. [\m\nXp bYmin hnt{]jp {]Xn]mZtb
Xv. thZhnXvkphnhntjp t{]Xy kzcvKw kaiv\ptX
CXpambn XmcXayw sNpI.
99
]ntmbn. ""bXn lkvtX[\w ZZymXv'' F
XmWv icn. kw\ymknbpsS ssIn ]Ww
sImSpph \cIntep t]mIpsa
w.
D: CXpw GtXm Acsshcn FgpXnh
XmWv. ]Ww ssIn sImSpm ZmXmhv
\cIn t]mIpsan Imtem, Ingn
sIntbm hpsImSpm kzKntep
t]mIm a tm. Cu ]mT t` Z sampw icn b .
kw\ymkn \nXy hr nv Bh iy am b Xn e
[nIw [\w ssIhiw hbvp ]w tNmc
`bw, AXym{Klw FnhbpmIphm km[y
X bp v . Fm hnZzm A\p Nn X am b
sXmpw sNpIbn. AXym{Kln s]Sp
Ibpan. Fsm Ah apv {_Ncy
ntem, Krlm{iantem hv kpJ
fdnbpItbm A\p`hnpItbm sNbvXnpm
hpw. {_Ncyn \nv kw\yknh Hcn
epw Hnepw Bk\mIm ]qWhnc
\m bn cn pw.
tNm: {im\mfn kw\ymkn hon hcn
Itbm hknpItbm sNbvXm ]nXr
HmSntmIpsapw \cIn hogpsapw
temI ]dbpp.
D: HmaXv, acnpt]mb ]nXr aSn
hcp Xpw Dup {imw Ahp Inp
Xpw Akw`hyhpw thZn\pw bpnpw
hncphpamIbm AkXyamWv. hcmh
HmSntmIpsXs\? Pohmm kzw
]m]]pWyf\pkcnv Cuizcob hyh
bm acWm\c PsaSppXn\m Ah
Fs\ hcpw? CXpw DZc\nanw _lpIr
Xthjmcmb ]ucmWnIcpsSbpw sshcmKn
IfpsSbpw sIpIYbmWv. acnhp {imw
DupXv thZmZnimkv{Xp hncpamI
bm kw\ymkn sNm AhnizmknI
HmSpsaXp icnbmWv.
tNm: {_Ncyn \nv kw\ymkw
kzoIcnph\v PohnXw hnjaIcamIpw.
Ima hm k \ b S pXpw AXn I Tn \ am Wv .
AXn\m Krlm{iahpw Ignv kw\y
knpXmWv \Xv.
D: PohnXw hnjaIchpw, C{nb AS
pIbpansn {_Ncyn \np k\y
kn cp Xv . C{n b f S p hm ka
FpsImp kw\yknpIqSm? hnjbmkn
bpsS tZmj fpw hocy kw c W ns
KpWhpw Adnbph Hcnepw hnjbmk
mcmhpIbn. AhcpsS hocyw AhcpsS
hnNm c am Ip Anv C \ am Ip p.
AXn hn\n tbm Kn p p. sshZy sbpw
Huj[fpsSbpw Bhiyw tcmKnIp
{X, tcmKanmhn. AXpt]mse hnZy,
[aw FnhbpsS ]ptcmKXnbpw temtIm]
ImchpamWv XfpsS PohnXeysap Icp
Xphcmcpw hnhmlw sNcpXv. ]inJ
apX emb ]pcp j mcpw KmKn XpS nb
kv {XoIfpw A s\ bm bn cp p. kw\ym k
n\v A[n Im cn I f msX A\ [n Im cn I
k\y kn p Xp Nn X a . A\ [n Im cn I
kzbw A[x]Xnpw. A\ytcbpw A[x]Xn
npw. N{Ihnsb k{amv (kmacpsS
cmPmhv) Fp ]dbpXpt]mse k\ymknsb
]cn {hmSv Fp ]dbp p. Fm cmPmhv
Xs \mnepw \mmpw am{XamWv BZcWo
b. kw\ymknsbbmIs kh{X ]qPnpp.
hnZzw N \r]Xzw N ss\h Xpeyw IZm
N\. kztZti ]qPytX cmPm hnZzm kcvh{X
]qPytX.
13
NmWIy\oXnimkv{Xnse tmIamWnXv.
hnZzm cmPmhv Fnh Hcnepw Xpeyc.
ImcWw cmPmhns\ Xs cmPyp am{Xw BZ
cn p Ibpw kXv cn p Ibpw sNp tm
hnZzm kh{X _lpam\mZcp ]m{X
amIpp.
AXn \m hnZym `ym kw, kpin n XXzw
_ew Fnh kmZnpXn\v {_Ncy
hpw, \Xpw t{ijvThpambsXmw km[np
hm Krlm{iahpw, a\\w, [ym\w hnm
\m`nhrn Fnhbvpw, X]k\pjvTnm\p
ambn hm\{]m{iahpw, thZmZnkXyimkv{X
fpsS {]Nm cw, Zpjv S Ir Xy XyPnv
[manIhrnI kzoIcnpI, ktXym]tZ
in FmhcpsSbpw kwib\nhrn hcp
pI Fnhbvmbn kw\ymkm{iahpw hn[n
n cn p p. Fm kw\ym km {i a ns
13 NmWIyiXIw 3
100
apJy[aamb ktXym]tZimZnI sNm
h ]XnXcpw \cIKmanIfpamIpw. AXn\m
kw\ymknamscmw kXyap]tZinv kwib
\nhrn hcpnsmSpv, thZmZnkXyim
kv{X ]Tnnv, sshZnI[as t]mjn
nv temIns\mw t{ibp hcpWw.
tNm: kw\ym kn am cn \np `ncpw
kman, sshcmKn, tbmKn, tKmkmbn XpSnb
t]cp I fp hcpw kw\ym km {i a n
DshcmtWm?
D: A. Ahcn kw\ymkns e
Wsampantm. thZhncpambn {]hn
pIbpw XfpsS aXmNmcymcpsS hmp
Isf thZ n ep ]cn _lp am \n p Ibpw
sNp Ah XfpsS aXs am{Xw {]iw
knpIbpw AkXyPmen s]v kzmw
t\Sphm aphsc XfpsS aXn AI
sSppIbpw sNpp. temI\ hcpp
Xp t]mIs; temIsc hnv A[x ]
Xnnv Ah kzmw t\Spp. AXn\m
Ahsc kw\ymknIfmbn KWnmhpX.
Ah henb kzmm {i an I fm sW Xn
kwibteian. kzbw [aw A\pjvTnv a\p
jyhKs [aaamKn {]hnnv,
CltemInepw ]ctemInepw Cu P
nepw hcpw P n epw kzKw AYhm
kpJw A\p`hnpIbpw A\ysc A\p`hnn
pIbpw sNp [ammfmWv kw\ym
knamcmb almm.
kwn ]v X ambn kw\ym km {i a {Iaw
CXmWv . ASp Xn cmP [ahpw {]Pm
[ahpw FgpXmw.
{ioaZv Zbm\kzmanIfm hncNnXamb
kXymY{]Imin
hm\{]kw\ymkm{ia {]Xn]mZIamb
Amw kapmkw Ignp.
6
Bdmw kapmkw
kXymY{]Imiw
cmP[aw
AY cmP[cvaw {]hymax
C\n cmP[aw hymJym\npp.
1. cmP[cvam\v{]hyman bYmhrtm `th
r]x. kw`h bYm Xky knn ]cam
bYm..
2. {_mw {]m]v tX\ kwkv Imcw {Xn
tbW bYmhn[n. kcvhkymky bYm\ymbav
Icvhyw ]cncWav..(a\pkvarXn 7. 1,2)
1
\mephW, \mev B{ia Fn
hbpsS BNmcm\pjvTm\sfn ]dXn
\ptijw a\p EjnamtcmSv cmP[atfh
sbpw cmPmhv F{]ImcambncnWsapw
]dbpp. As\sbmcp cmPmhv
2
Fs\
bp m Ipw. ]c a knn Fs\ `hnpw
Fsmw khhnt[\bpw ]dbpp.(1)
]c a hn Zzm {_m W \m Ip Xp t]m se,
hnZzm\pw kpinnX\pamb {Xnb cmPy
csb Ihyw \ymbm\pkrXw bYm
hn[n sNtXmWv. AXns coXn C{]Im
camWv.
(aqp kÌ)
{XoWn cmPm\m hnZtY ]pcqWn ]cn
hnizm\n `qjYx kZmwkn. (E. 3. 38. 6)
Cuiz c D] tZ in pp: (cm Pm \m)
cmPmhpw {]PIfpw tNv (hnZtY) kpJ
{]m]vXnbpw hnm\hrnbpmIpXpamb
cmP{]Pm_sa hyhlmcn ({XoWn
kZmwkn) aqv kÌ AXmbXv hnZymcy
k`, [amcyk `, cmPm cy k` Fnh \ne
hnhcpn (]pcqWn) At\I {]Imcfn
(hnizm\n) {]Pm_n hcp ka{K a\p
jymZn PohPmesfbpw (]cn`qjYx) kI
ecoXnbnepw hnZy, kzmX{yw, [aw, kpin
Ww, [\w apXembhbm AewIrXcm
Ww.
1. Xw k`m N kanXn tk\m N.
2. k`yx k`mw ta ]mln tb N k`ymx
k`mkZx.. (AYcvhw 15.9.2.& 19.55.5)
(Xav) B cmP[s (k`m N) aqp
kÌfpw (kanXn) {]Xntcm[mZnIfpsS hyh
Ifpw (tk\m N) ssk\yhpw tNv ]cn
]menWw. (1)
tl (k`y) k`bn AwKamIm tbmKy
\mb apJyk`mwKta (ta) Fs (k`mw) k`
bpsS [abpamb hyhIsf (]mln)
]menpI, (tb N k`ymx k`m kZx) IqSmsX
k`bv v tbmKy cmb k`mw K sfmw k`
bpsS hyhIsf ]mentXmWv. Fv
cmPmhv k`mwKtfmSmm]npXv cmPm
hn\pw k`mwKpw tbmKyamWv. (2)
GIm[n]Xyw ]mSn
Hcmfn\v kzX{amb cmPym[nImcw \evIp
hm ]mSnsmWv CXns Xmev]cyw. adn
1 a\pkvarXn 7.1.2.
2 `cWm[nImcnsbw.
102
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
v, k`m]Xnbmb cmPmhv, cmPmhn\[o\amb
k`. k`bv[o\\mb cmPmhv {]PI[o
\amb cmPmhpw k`bpw cmPmhn\pw k`bvpw
A[o\cmb {]PI FX coXnsbn
""cmjv{Stah hniymln Xkvam{Zmjv{So
hniw LmXpIx. hnitah cmjv{SmbmZymw I
tcmXn Xkvam{Zmjv{So hnian \ ]pjvSav
]ipw a\yX CXn''.. (iX. 13. 2.3)
{]PIfn \np kzX{cmbn XnjvSm
cmb cmP hw hn m (cm jv {S tah
hniymln) cmPyn {]thinv {]PIsf
\in n pw. AXn \m GIm [n ] Xn bmb
cmPmhv Xmtmnbpw D\pambn (cmjv{So
hniav LmXpIx) {]PIfpsS LmXI\mbno
cpw. AXm bXv (hn i tah cmjv {Sm bm Zymav
ItcmXn) B cmPmhv {]PIsf `npIfbpw
AXyw ]oUnnpw. AXn\m Bscbpw
tkzm[nImcnbmcpXv. (\ ]pjvSw ]ipw a\y
tX) knwltam Asn amwk`pmb ap
h arKtam XSn p sIm gp ]ip hns\
sImpXnpXpt]mse (cmjv{So hnian)
kzX{\mb cmPmhv {]PIsf \innpp.
Xtmf[nIw \mhm amscbpw A\p
h Zn msX k m cpsS ssIh i ap Xp
apgph\pw Ahsc sRnngnpw Xndnpw
A\ymbambn ]ngbnpw A]lcnv kzmw
t\Spw AXn\m:
Ct{m PbmXn \ ]cm PbmXm A[n
cmtPm cmPkp cmP bmssX. Ncv IrXy
CutUym hytm]ktZym \atkym f`th
l..

3
a\pjysc! Bcv (Cl) Cu a\pjykapZm
b n (C {x) ]c ssa iz cy hm\mbn i{Xp
sf (PbmXn) Pbnphm i\mIpp
thm Bsc (\ ]cmPbmssX) FXncmfnI
tXmev ]n p n tbm (cm Pkp A[n cm Px)
cmPm[ncmP\mbn (cmPbmssX) hnf p p
thm Bcv (NcvIrXy) k`m]Xnbmbncnm
Ghpw tbmKyXbpffh\pw (CuUyx) {]iw
k\obamb KpWIakz`mhtfmSp IqSnb
h\pw (hyx) kevmctbmKy\pw (N D]k
Zyx) icWtbmKy\pw (\akyx) Fmhpw
am\y\pw (`thl) Bbncnppthm Abm
sfbmWv k`m]Xnbmb cmPmhmbn Ahtcm
[ntXv.
Caw tZhmfAk ]{XMv kph [zw altX
{Xmb altX ssPyjvTymb altX Pm\
cmPymtb{tky{nbmb. (bPpx. 9. 40)
(tZ hmx) hnZzm m tc cmPmth {]P Itf
\n (Caw) C{]Imcap ]pcpjs\ (al
tX{Xmb) henb N{Ihnbmbn hmgp
hm\pw (a l tX ssPy jv Tym b) Fm h tc
mfpw alm\mbncnm\pw (altX Pm\cm
Pymb) almhnZzmmtcmSp IqSnb cmPys
]cn]menm\pw (C{tky{nbmb) Ghpw
sFizcyap cmPytbpw knt\bpw
cn p hm \p ambn (A k ]{XMv kph [zw)
k Xn v ] ]m X c ln X\pw hnZym hn \ bm
Znbp\pw kIe P\fpsSbpw kplrpw
k`m ] Xn bpw Fm n\pw A[n ] Xn bp amb
cmPm hmbn Ah tcm[np temIw apgp h\pw
i{XpclnXcmnophn!
kZm kamb ssk\yw
ncm hx kzmbp[m ]cmWptZ hofq
DX {]Xnjv It`. bpjv amIakv Xp Xhnjo
]\obko am acvXyky ambn\x.. (E. 1. 39. 2)
Cuizc D]tZinpp: tl cmP]pcpj
mtc (hx) \nfpsS (Bbp[m) Btbw
apXemb Akv{X, ]ocn, tXmv, hnv,
Av, hmfv, XpSnb Bbp[ i{Xpsf
(]cmWptZ) tXmev]nphm\pw (DX {]XnjvI
t`) XSpp \nphm\pw (hofq) sImm
sav {]iwknXhpw (ncm) DdpXpw (k
p) Bbncns. (bpjvamIw) \nfpsS (X
hnjo) ssk\yw (]\obko) {]iwk\obw
(A kv Xp) BI s. Ah bpsS klmbw
sImp \n kZm hnP bn I fm Ip hn.
Fm, (am acvXyky ambn\x) Bcv A\ym
bhpw \nyhpamb {]hrnI sNppthm
Ah\v ap]d ]Zmsfmpw e`nm
Xncns. a\pjy [anjvTcmbncnptm
am{Xta cmPyn\v A`nhrn Dmhq. Zpcm
NmcnIfpsS cmPyw \inpt]mIpp.
AXn\m henb hnZzmmsc [ak`bpsS
A[n Im cn I fm bpw {]iw kn [a\n
jvTtbmSp IqSnbhsc cmPk`bpsS kZky
cmbpw Ahcnsemnepw hv kthmXvIrjvS
amb KpWIakz`mhtfmSp IqSnb alm]p
cpjs\ B cmPk`bpsS A[n]Xnbmbpw \nb
3 AYcvhw 6.10.98.1
103
kXymY{]Imiw Bdmw kapmkw
anv kh{X A`nhrn t\SpI. \bkw_
amb \nba aqpkÌfpsSbpw kX
tmSpIqSn Ghpw \mbn \nanpIbpw
P\ sfmw B \nb a A\p k cnp
{]hnpIbpw thWw. s]mXp\bvpX
Ip Imcy sNm Ghcpw kXn
Ww. kh ln X I camb Imcy fn
XImcyw t\mcpXv. [abpamb kzw
Imcyfn am{Xta kzmX{yw ]mSpq.
k`m]XnbpsS KpW
cmPk`bpsS A[n]XnpmtI KpW
Fsmsap ]dbpp:
1. C{m\nebamcv ImWmat hcpWky
N. N{hntitbmssh am{Xm \ncvlr
Xy imizXox..
2. X]XymZnXyhssj Nqwjn N a\mw
kn N. \ ssN\w `qhn iIvt\mXn InZ]y
`nhonXpav..
3. tkmfn` hXn hmbp tkmfcv I
tkmax k [acmSv. k Ipt_cx k hcpWx
k atl{x {]`mhXx.. (a\p. 74, 6, 7)
1. k`m]Xnbmb cmPmhv C{s\tmse
ant]mse AXnthKn sFizcysf
Df hm p h\pw Fm hpw hmbp hn s\
tmse {]mW{]nb\pw FmhcpsSbpw at\m
KXfdnbph\pw \ymbm[n]Xnbmb ba
s\tmse ]]mXsat\y s]cpamdph\pw
kqcy s\ tmse \ymbw hnZy [w Fn
hsb {]Iminnv AhnZy A\ymbmZn A
Im c AI p h \pw Ansbtmse
Zpjv S msc `kv a am p h \pw hcp Wt\
tmse ZpjvSmsc At\Ihn[n _n
p h\pw N{ s\ tmse k\ v
B\ w Df hm p h \pw ssh{i h W s\
tmse JP\mhv \ndbvph\pw Bbncn
Ww.
2. kqcyXpey{]Xm]nbpw FmhcpsSbpw
_lnccwKsf kzw tXPpsImv X
]nnph\pw anep a\pjycnempw
{IqcZrjvSn ]Xnnmh\pw...
3. kz{]`mhm An, hmbp, kqcy,
N{ Fnhsctmse hnfph\pw [an
jvT\pw kns\ hnnph\pw ZpjvS
msc _nph\pw hfsc sFizcyap
h \p amb Bfn \mWv k` bpsS Ay
\mbncnm tbmKyXbpXv.
bYmY `cWm[n] Bcv?
1. k cmPm ]pcptjm ZWvUx k t\Xm
imknXm N kx. NXpcv Wm am {i amWmw N
[cvaky {]Xn`qx kvarXx..
2. ZWvUx imkvXn {]Pmx kcvhm ZWvU
Ghm`ncXn. ZWvUx kp]vtXjp PmKcvXn
ZWvUw [cvaw hnZpcv_p[mx..
3. kaoy k [rXx kayIvkcvhm cRvP
bXn {]Pmx. Akaoy {]WoXkvXp hn\m
ibXn kcvhXx..
4. Zptjybpx kcv hhcv Wm `ntZy c\v
kcvhtkXhx. kcvhtemI{]tIm] `th
WvUky hn{àmXv..
5. b{X iymtam temlnXmtm ZWvU
cXn ]m]lm. {]Pm kv X{X \ ap lyn
t\Xm tNm[p ]iyXn..
6. Xkymlpx kw{] tW Xmcw cmPm\av
kXyhm Zn \av . kaoyImcWw {]mav
[cvaImamcvYtImhnZav..
7. Xw cmPm {]W b\v k ayIv {Xnhcv tK
Wm`n hcv [tX. Imamm hnjax pt{Zm
ZWvtUss\h \nl\ytX..
8. ZWvtUm ln kpalttPm Zpcv[cm
IrXm`nx. [cvamZznNenXw ln \r]tah
k_mhav..
9. tkmfklm tb\ aqtV\ ep_v t[\m
IrX_pn\m. \ itIym \ymbtXm t\Xpw
kt\ hnjtbjp N..
10. ipNn\m kXykvt\ bYmimkv{Xm\p
kmcnWm. {]mtWXpw iIytX ZWvUx kpk
lmtb\ [oaXm.. (a\p. 7.1719, 2428, 30, 31.)
1. ]pcpjkzcq]nbmbnp ZWvUw

4
Xs
bmWv cmPmhv \ymbw \SpXpw Fmh
tcbpw imknpXpw \mep hfptSbpw
\mem {i a fps Sbpw [a c Ww sNp
Xpw AhXsbmWv.
2. B ZWvUw XsbmWp {]PIsf imkn
p Xpw cn p Xpw; {]P I Dd p
tmgpw DWn cn p Xpw B ZWv Uw
4 ZWvUw F hmn\v ZWvUnn F Chn
Sps AYw. `cWLS\bnse \nbafpsS ]cn
]me\hpw Ah ewLnphp inbpw IqSn
tcpsXtm AXt{X ZWvUw.
104
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
Xs; AXn \m _pn am m ZWv Us
[asap ]dbpp.
3. Ah [m\ ]qw {]tbm Kn m kI
epw B\ZmbIhpw A\h[m\XtbmsS
{]tbmKnm cmPmhns\ Fm hn[nepw
\innpXpamWv ZWvUw.
4. Z Wv U ansn kI ecpw Zpjnp
t]mIpw; cmPyacymZI On`namIpw. P\
{]p_v[cmIpw.
5. Idpncp icochpw NpI IpIfp
ap Hcp `bc ]pcpjs\tmse ZWvUw
]m] sf \in n p sImv k cn p n
Ss {]PI ]cn{àw IqSmsX kpJambn
hknpp. ]t ZWvUw {]tbmKnph
]]mXclnX\pw hnZzm\pambncnWw.
6. kXyhmZnbpw BtemN\mioe\pw _pn
am\pw [amY Imasf t\SpXn kaY
\pamb cmPmhns\bmWv icnbmb ZWvU{]
tbmmshp hnZzmm ]dbpXv.
7. ZWvUs icnbmwhw {]tbmKnp
cmPmhv [amYImafpsS knnsb hn
n p sIm n cn p p. hn jb kpJ n
AXymk\pw IpSne kz`mhnbpw Cujym
ephpw p{Z a \ kv I\pw \oN _p n bp amWv
\ymbm[n]Xnbmb cmPmshn ZWvUm
Abm \inpp.
8. tXPnb ZWvUs ssIsmp
hm sshZp jyhpw [\njv Tbp an m
hp km[npIbn. [aclnX\mb cmPm
hns\ XdhmtSmSpIqSn AXv \innp Ifbpw.
9. Fs m, B]v X ]p cp j m cpsS
klmbw, hnZym`ymkw, kpinWw Fnh
sbmpanmh\pw hnjbmk\pw aqV\p
ambnphp \ymbamb hn[n ZWvUw
\Sphm\p kmayw Hcnepw Dmhp
Ibn.
10. ]hn{Xmmhpw kXy\njvT\pw k\
kwkKw sNph\pw \oXnimkv{Xa\pk
cnv {]hnph\pw t{ijv T]pcpjm
cpsS klmbtmSpIqSnbh\pw _pnam\p
ambnph\p am{Xta \ymbambn ZWvU{]
tbmK kmaYyapmIq. AXn\m:
1. ssk\m]Xyw
5
N cmPyw N ZWvUt\
XrXztah N. kcvhtemIm[n]Xyw N thZ
imkv{XhnZcvlXn..
2. Zimhcm hm ]cnjZyw [cvaw ]cnIev]
tbXv. {Xyhcm hm]n hrm Xw [cvaw \
hnNmetbXv..
3. ss{XhntZym sslXpIkvXcvIo ss\cp
IvtXm [cva]mTIx. {XbivNm{ianWx ]qcvth
]cnjymimhcm..
4. E tKz Z hn Zy Ppcv hn km a th Z hn tZh
N. {Xyhcm ]cnjtbm [cv akwib\ncvW
tb..
5. GtIm]n fthZhncvaw bw hyhtkyZv
ZzntPm ax. k hn tbx ]tcm [cv tam
\mm\mapZntXmfbpssXx..
6. A{hXm\maa{mWmw PmXnamt{Xm]
Pohn\mw. kl{kix ktaXm\mw ]cnjXzav
\ hnZytX..
7. bw hZn Xtam`qXm aqcvJm [cvaaX
ZznZx. XXv]m]w iX[m `qXzm XZzro\\pK
Xn.. (a\pkvarXn 12. 100, 110115.)
1. khssk\ynsbpw tk\m]XnIfp
sSbpw B[n ]Xyw in \Ip hm \p
GmSpIfpsSsbmw tae[nImcw, Fmhcp
sSbpw \mb I Xzw, cmPy ns A[n Imcw
Fns\bp \mep apJym[nImcfnepw
thZimkv{Xfn {]hoWmcpw ]qW hnZzm
mcpw PntX{nbmcpw [ammfpw kZvkz
`mhnIfpambhsc \nbanWw. 6: apJytk
\m]Xn apJy\ymbm[n]Xn, apJycmPym[nIm
cn, {][m\ (cmPmhv) Fnhscmw kIe
hnZyIfnepw ]qW]mWvUnXyaphcmbncn
Ww.
2. Ipd]w ]p hnZzmmtcm Ghpw
IpdXv aqp hnZzmmtcm ASnb k`
bn Xocpam\np hyhIsf[ahyh
Isf Bcpw DwLncpXv.
3. Cu k`bn \mep thZ, \ymbim
kv {Xw, \ncpw, [a imkv {Xw apX em b h
bn \n]pWcmb hnZzmmcmWp kZkycmtI
Xv. Ah {_Ncyw, Kmlyw, hm\
{]w Fo aqm{iafnephcmbncn
Ww. k` IqSptm IpdXv ]p hnZzm
mcpmbncnWw.
4. Ev, bPqkv, kmaw Fo aqp thZ
5 a\p kv ar Xn bn "tk\m]Xyw' FmWv ]mTw.
Fm {K Im cs EKv `mjyw 1 32.2 1.100 6
bqcv `mjyw 6.2 kwkv Imchn[n Fnhbn ssk\m
]Xyw Fp {]tbmKnncnpp.
105
fpw Adnbp aqp kZkymcSnb Hcp
k`bn sNp hyhIsf Bcpw Dw
LncpXv.
5. kI e th Z \mb ZznP t{i jv T\pw
k\ym kn bp amb Hcm Xo s Sp p Xv
kht{ijvS [aamIpp. Fsm, Adn
hnm Bbnctam etam tImSntbm t]
tNv sNp [ahyh kzoImcytab
.
6. {_Ncyw, kXy`mjWw apXemb {hX
fpw thZm[yb\w, thZmY hnNmcw Fn
hsbmpanmhcpw P\ntmgttmse
Ctmgpw iq{Zcmbncnp At\IiXw t]
IqSnbmepw AXp k`b.
7. hnZym`ymkanm, thZadnbm aqV
m ]dbp [as Hcnepw ssIsm
cpXv. Fsm aqVm Xocpam\np
X \p k cn p hsc ]m] ]nmse
sNp ]nSnIqSpp.
AXn \m aqp k` I fnepw hnZym k `,
[ak`, cmPk` Fo aqp kÌfnepw aqV
msc Hcnepw \nbancpXv ; hnZzmmscbpw
[manItcbpw am{Xta \nbanmhq.
1. ss{XhntZy`ykv{Xbow hnZymw ZWvU
\oXnw N imizXow. B\zonIow Nm
hnZymw hmcvXmcw`m temIXx..
2. C{nbmWmw Ptb tbmKw kamXnjvtT
nhm\niav. PntX{ntbm ln iIvt\mXn hti
m]bnXpw {]Pmx..
3. Zi Imakapm\n XYmsjvSu t{Im[
Pm\n N. hyk\m\n Zpcm\n {]bXv t\\
hnhcv PtbXv ..
4. ImatPjp {]ktm ln hykt\jp
alo]Xnx. hnbpPytXfcvY[cv am`ymw t{Im[
tPjzmss\h Xp..
5. arKbmftm Znhm kz]v \x ]cn hmZx
kv {Xntbm aZx. sXucy {XnIw hyYm Sym N
ImatPm ZitIm KWx..
6. ss]ip\yw kmlkw t{Zml Cucvjym
kqbmcvZqjWav. hmKvZWvUPw N ]mcp
jyw t{Im[tPmf]n KtWmfjvSIx..
7. Zztbm c t]y X tbmcv aqew bw kcv th
Ihtbm hnZpx. Xw bXv t\\ Ptb tmàv
XmthXmhpsù KsWu..
8. ]m\amx kv{Xnbssh arKbm N
bYm{Iaav. GXXvIjvSXaw hnZymXpjvIav
ImatP KtW..
9. ZWvUky ]mX\w ssNh hmIv]mcpjym
cvYZqjtW. t{Im[tPf]n KtW hnZymXvI
jvStaX{nIw kZm..
10. k]vXIkymky hcvKky kcvhss{X
hm \p jMv KnWx. ]qcv hw ]qcv hw Kpcp Xcav
hnZymZzyk\amhm\v..
11. hyk\ky N artXym hyk\w IjvS
apNytX. hyk\yt[mft[m {hPXn kzcymXy
hyk\o arXx (a\p. 7. 4353)
1. \mepthZfnepap IaImWvUw, D]m
k\mImWvUw, m\ImWvUw Fnhbdn
bm hp h cn \nv k\m X \ amb ZWv U
\oXn, \ymb imkv {Xw, B hn Zy ] c am m
hns KpWIakz`mhfpsS m\amIp
{_hnZy Fo aqp hnZyIsfbpw temI
n \np hmmcw`tbpweuInIhy
h lm c tf bpw A`y kn Xn\p tijw
am{Xta Hcp h\v kZ kyt\m k`m ] Xntbm
Bbnocphm km[npIbpq.
2. Fm kZkymcpw k`m]XnIfpw C{n
bsf Pbnp kzm[o\sSpn kZm [a
amK n hn p Ibpw A[a n
\np \nhnpIbpw sNtXmIpp.
AXn\m cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw \nnXkabv
tbmKm `ym khpw IqSn ioen Ww. C{n b
sf a\v {]mW icocw Fo B`yc
{]PIsf Pbnnnm Bfn\v _mly{]
PIsf kzm[o\amphm km[ytab.
3. ImawsImpmIp ]pw t{Im[w
sImpmIp Fpw ZpxJkz`mhsf ]cn
Xy Pn Ww. Ah bn e I s Bfn\v c
sSm hnjaamsWnepw!
4. ImaP\yamb ]p Zpxkz`mhfn AI
s Sp cmPm hns cmPyw k v , [aw
Fn hbpw t{Im[ P \y amb Fp Zqjy
fnsSp cmPmhns icochpw \inpp.
5. ImawsImpmIp Zqjy Chbm
Wv. \mbmv, NqXpIfn, ]Iepdw, ImaIY
Asn ]c\n, AXy[nIamb kv{Xokw
Kw, amZI{Zhy, aZyw, Idpv, Imhp apX
embh ioenpI, ]mv, sImv, Bw Fnh
tIp Ibpw ImWp Ibpw sNp I, hrYm
Ap an p w k cn p sIm n cn p I
Cs\ ]p hyk\ Imtamev]
106
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
fmIpp.
6. t{Im[wsImv GjWnIqpI, hnthIan
msXbpw _emmcambpw ]ckv{XoItfmSv
kwKanpI, tZzjw ]tcmXvjw IpIq
Sm bv a, Akq b Kp W fn tZmj sbpw
tZmj fn KpW tbpw Btcm ]n p I
[ahncpfmb Zpjv{]hrnIfn [\m
ZnI hrYmhybw sNpI, ]cpjhmpI
]dbpI, sXp sNmsX ITn\ambn inn
pItbm iImcnpItbm sNpI CuFp
tZmj DmIpp.
7. ImaPfpw t{Im[Pfpamb Cd
ZqjyfpsSsbmw aqeImcWw temàmsW
t{X hnZz P \ ]d bp Xv . tem`w sIm
mWv kIetZmjfpw a\pjy\v DmIp
Xv. AXn\m tem`w XyPnWw.
8. Iv apXemb elcn ]ZmYsf ioen
pI, NqXpIfnpI, AanXambn kv{XokwKw
sNpI, \mbmSpI, Fo \mep tZmj
ImaPfmb Zqjyfn hv Ghpw No
bmbnpXmWv.
9. A]cm[w sNmhsc innpI, ]cp
j hmp ]d bp I, kv A\ym b ambn
sNehp sNpI Fo aqptZmj t{Im[
Pfmb hyk\fn hv AXyw ZpxJ
{]ZfmIpp.
10. ImaPfpw t{Im[Pfpamb Zqjy
fn hv almtZmjfmbn KWnp Gsg
n hrYm hyb t m ItTm c h N
\hpw ItTm c `m j W t m A\ym b
ZWvUhpw A\ymbZWvUtm \mbmpw
\mbm n t\ m Aan X kv { Xo kw Khpw
kv {Xokw K t m NqXp I fnbpw NqXp
Ifntbm aZymZntkhbpw A[nIw tZmj
Ichpw KpcpXchpw BIpp.
11. Zpxkz `m h fn s]Sp Xn t\ m
t`Zw acWamWv. ZpcmNmcn ZoLImew Pohn
ncpm A[nIw ]m]w sNbvXv At[mK
Xnsb ZpxJs {]m]npw. kZmNmcn acn
mepw kpJs {]m]npp. AXn\m kI
ecpw hntijnv cmPmhv \mbmv, aZy]m\w apX
emb Zpjv Ia fn Hcn epw s]p t]m
ImsX Ahbn \nv AIp \nv [abp
fmb KpW Iakz `m h tfmSp IqSn
kXvIa A\pjvTnpsImncnWw.
a{namcpsS tbmKyX
cmP k ` bn ep kZ ky mcpw a{nbpw
Fs\bphcmbncnWsap ]dbpp:
1. sauemRvOmkv{XhnZx iqcmw_v[e
m\vIptemZv`hm\v. kNnhm\vk]vX Nmjv
sSu hm {]IpcvhoX ]conXm\v..
2. A]n b p I cw Icv a XZ t]y tI\
Zpjv Icav . hnti jtXmfklm tb\ Inp
cmPyw atlmZbav..
3. ssXx kmcv[w NntbnXyw kmam\yav
knhn{K lav . m\w kapZbw Kp]v Xnw
e_v[{]ia\m\n N.
4. tXjmw kzw kza`n{]mbap]e`y ]rYIv
]rYIv. kakvXm\mw N Imtcyjp hnZ[ym
nXam\x..
5. A\ym\]n {]IpcvhoX ipNo\v{]m
\ hnXm\v . kay Kcv Ykam lcv Xro \ am
Xym\vkp]conXm\v..
6. \nhcvtXXmky bmhZv`ncnXnIcvXhyXm
\r`nx. XmhtXmfX{nXmm\v{]IpcvhoX
hnNIvjWm\v..
7. tXjmacvtY \nbpRvPoX iqcmm\v
IptemZvKXm\v. ipNo\mIcIcvamt òcq\
cv\nthit\..
8. ZqXw ssNh {]IpcvhoX kcvhimkv{X
hnimcZav. CwKnXmImctNjvSw ipNnav
Zw IptemZvKXav..
9. A\pcx ipNocvZx kvarXnamti
ImehnXv . h]p jv am\zoX òczmKv ao ZqtXm
cmx {]ikytX.. (a\p. 7. 5457; 6064)
1. kzcmPyn kztZin P\nnp
thZmZn imkv{Xfdnbp ]cm{IaimenIfpw
\njvêamIm NnItfmSpIqSnbhcpw \
Ipen ]ndhcpw thpw hw ]con
s hcpw kaYm cp amb Gtgm Ftm
Dacmb {]Ksc kNnhmcmbn a{n
amcmbn \nbanWw.
2. Fs m, ]c k lm b sat\y thKw
sNm Ign bp Imcyw t]mepw GIm In
bmbn sNptm ZpjvIcamIpp. Atm
GImInbmbn almb cmPImcyw \Sp
hm Fs\ km[npw? AXn\m Hcmfns\
cmPmhmbn \nbanv cmPy`mcw apgph\pw Gev]n
pXv A\mimkyamIpp.
3. AXn\m k`m]Xnbmb cmPmhv cmPy
107
Imcyfn Ipiemcpw hnZzmmcpamb a{n
am tcm Sp IqSn (k n) ssa{Xn (hn {K lw)
i{XpX (m\w) kabadnv kzcmPys
cnv DZmko\\mbn nXnsNpI. (kap
Zbw) kz_ew hnptm ZpjvSi{Xp
sf B{IanpI, (Kp]vXn) ssk\yw, JP
\mhv apXembh cnpI, (e_v[{]ia\w)
IogSnb \mSpIfn kam[m\w ]pepI
Fo Bdp hnjb \nXyhpw \ncon
Ww.
4. kZkycn HmtcmcpcpsSbpw A`n{]m
bfpw hnNmcfpw tNmZndnv `qcn]
{]Imcw kzhpw A\ycpsSbpw t{ibn\p
XIp {]hrnI kpNnnXambn sNbvXp
XpSWw.
5. ]cnipmmfpw _pnammcpw nc
Nnmcpw ]Zm kw{KlNXpccpw Bb
hsc \hw ]conpt\mn a{namcmbn
\nbantXmWv.
6. \mpImcy\Snn\mhiyap{X Dm
lioecpw _ehmmcpw hnZKvcpamb A[n
ImcnIsf tPmenp \nbantXmWv.
7. AhcpsS Iogn iqccpw _ehmmcpw
XdhmSnIfpw ]cnipcpamb `rXymsc \nb
anv Kuchtadnb Imcyv \ntbmKn
Ww. òcpfmbhsc BcnI {]hrnItf
Gev]nmhq.
8. DXIpePmX\pw kaY\pw ]hn{XN
cn X\pw A\y lr Z b hpw `m hnbpw Idn bp
hm Ignhph\pw kIeimkv{X\n]pW\pw
Imcy\nlW Ipie\pw Bb Bfns\ ZqX
\mbn \nbanWw.
9. cmPyIm cy fn AXyw Dmlw
{]oXn Fnhbp Im]SyclnX\pw kaY
\pw ]cnip lrZb\pw ]p \SXv adm
h\pw tZiIme\pkcnp {]hn
ph\pw kpc\pw [oc\pw henb hmn
bp am bn p h \t{X cmP Zq X \m Ip hm
tbmKy.
Bv F[nImcw
sImSpWsap ]dbpp:
1. AamtXy ZWv U Bbtm ZWv tU
ssh\bnIo {Inbm. \r]Xu tImicmjvt{S
N ZqtX kn hn]cysbu..
2. ZqX Gh ln kw[t `n\tyh N
kwlXm\v. ZqXkvXXvIpcptX Icva `nZyt
tb\ am\hmx..
3. _pzm kcv hw Xtz\ ]c cm P Nn
IocvjnXav. XYm {]bXv\amXnjvTvZyYmffm
\w \ ]oUntbXv..
4. [\zZpcvKw aloZpcvKa_vZpcvKw hmcv
tah hm. \rZpcvKw KncnZpcvKw hm kam{inXy
htkXv]pcav..
5. GIx iXw tbm[bXn {]mImctm
[\pcv [cx. iXw Zikl {kmWn Xkv amZv
ZpcvKw hn[obtX..
6. Xym Zm bp [ k w [\ [m t\y\
hmlss\x. {_mssWx inev]n`ncyss{cy
htkt\mZtI\ N..
7. Xky at[y kp]cym]vXw ImctbZv Krl
am\x. Kp]vXw kcvhcvXpIw ip{`w Pehr
ka\znXav..
8. XZ[ymtkymZztlZv`mcymw khcvWmw
eWm\znXmav. Ipte alXn kw`qXmw
lrZymw cq]KpWm\znXmav..
9. ]ptcmlnXw N IpcvhoX hrWpbmtZh
Ncv Xzn Pav . tXfky KrlymWn Icv amWn
IpcypcvsshXm\nIm\n N..
(a\p. 7. 65; 66; 68; 70; 7478)
1. ZWv U \m [n Imcw apgp h\pw a{np
sImSptXmWv. hn\b{Inb (A\ymbambn
ZWv Uw D] tbm Kn m Xn cn m thXp
sNp I) FXp ZWv U \m [n Im c n
DsSpp. `WvUmcw kqnv, cmjv{SobIm
cy Fnh cmPm hns A[o \ nepw
cmPy kw _ n bmb Imcy k` bpsS
Iognepw A\ycmPytfmSp ssa{Xo hntcm[
Imcy ZqXs A[nImcnepw Bbncn
Ww.
2. i{Xpsf an{XfmpIbpw an{Xsap
`mhnp ZpjvSsc AIpIbpw sNph
\t{X ZqX. i{Xp sf AIn \np
{]hrnbmWv ZqX sNtXv.
3. k`m]Xn, kZkym, ZqXm, apXem
bh hntcm[nIfmb A\ycmPmmcpsSbpw
cmPy n sbpw bYmY A`n {]m b a dn v ,
tZmjw hcmhw thXp sNWw.
4. kpcamb h\fpXpw [\[m\yk
hpamb {]tZiv ([\pcvZpcvKw) hnm
108
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
fnI D]tcm[npXpw (aloZpcvKw) ap
sImp sInbtXm (A_vZpcvKw) Nppw sh
aptXm (hmcvw) Nppw ImSptXm (\r
Zpcv Kw) \mep `mKpw ssk\yw Imh ep
tXm (KncnZpcvKw) \mep ]pdpw aeIfp
tXm Bb m\v tIm ]Wn bnv
AXns ayn \Kcw \nanWw.
5. \Kcns \mepNppw sImfap
aXn ]WnbnWw. AXn \npsImv Hcp
hnmfnhoc\v \qdp i{Xpsfbpw \qdp hnm
fnIv ]Xn\mbncw i{Xpsfbpw t\cnSm
Ignbpw. AXn\m tImsImf AXym
hiyamWv.
6. B tIm, ikv{Xmkv{X, [\[m\y
, hml\, ]TnnpIbpw D]tZin
pIbpw sNp {_mW, sXmgnemfnI,
\m\mXcw b{, IpImenIp Xnp
hm\p ]pv, shw apXembhbm kar
ambncnWw.
7. B tImbpsS \Sphn cmPmhn\p thn
shw, hr, ]pjv], FnhtbmSp
IqSnbXpw khYm kpcnXhpw Fm EXp
fnepw kpJ{]Zhpw shfp \ndnep
Xpamb sImmcw ]WnbnWw. Cu sImmcw
\mpImcy apgph \Sphm ]cym]vX
ambncnWw.
8. {_Ncy{hXtmSpIqSn hnZyIsfmw
A`yknv hnhmlw hcpXp hsc cmPyIm
cy \SWw. AXn\ptijw kpcnbpw
klrZbbpw DXhpw Dahpamb {Xn
bIpePmXbpw ipèWbpbpw A`ykvX
hnZybpw KpWIakz`mhfn X\n\pcq
] bp amb I\y Isb thWw. asm
kv{XoIsfbpw AKayIfmbn KWnv ZrjvSn
]XnnpIt]mepw sNmXncnWw.
9. cmPsImmcn sNtXmb An
tlm{Xw, ]tjvSn apXemb Ia sNp
Xn\v ]ptcmlnXmscbpw EXznpIsfbpw
\ntbmKnWw. cmPmhv Ftmgpw cmPyImcy
n am{Xw _ {i \m bn cn Ww. kZm
cmPyImcy t\mn Du\w hcmsX \Sp
Xp XsbmWv cmPmhns ktym]mk
\mZn Ia.
1. kmwhcnIam]vssX cmjv{SmZmlm
c tb Zv _ en av . kymm av \m b ]tcm temtIm
hcvtXX ]nXrhrjq..
2. A[ym\znhn[m\vIpcym{X X{X
hn]nXx. tXfky kcvhmWythtcr
Wmw ImcymWn IpcvhXmav..
3.Bhr m\mw Kpcp Ip em Zzn {]mWmav
]qPtIm `thXv. \r]mWmatbm tlyj
\n[ncv{_mtmf`n[obtX..
4. ktam am [ssa cmPm XzmlqXx
]meb\v{]Pmx. \ \nhcvtXX kw{KmamXvm
{Xw [cvaa\pkvac\v..
5. Blthjp antYmft\ym\yw PnLmwk
tm alonXx. bp[yam\mx ]cw iym
kzcvKw bmy]cmMvapJmx..
6. \ N l\ymvYemcqVw \ o_w \
IrXmRvPenav. \ aptIiw \mko\w \X
hmkvaoXn hmZn\av..
7. \ kp]vXw \ hnkmlw \ \w \ \n
cmbp[av. \mbp[yam\w ]iyw \ ]tcW
kamKXav..
8. \mbp[hyk\{]m]vXw \mcvXw \mXn]
cnXav. \ òXw \ ]cmhrw kXmw [cva
a\pkvac\v..
9. bkvXp òXx ]cmhrx kw{Kmta l\y
tX ]sscx. `cvXpcyZv ZpjvIrXw InnXv
kcvhw {]Xn]ZytX..
10. bmky kpIrXw InnZaq{XmcvYap
]mcvPnXav. `cvXm XcvhamZt ]cmhr
lXky Xp..
11. cYmizw lkvXn\w O{Xw [\w [m\yw
]iq\vkv{Xnbx. kcvh{ZhymWn Ip]yw

6
N
tbm bbXn Xky XXv.
12. cm ZZypcpmcantXyjm sshZn
Io {ipXnx. cmm N kcvhtbmt[t`ym ZmX
hya]rYKvPnXav..
(a\p. 7.8082, 87, 89,9197)
1. hmjnI\nIpXn B]vX]pcpjmcpsS
klm b tm Sp IqSn ]ncn s Sp t Xm Wv .
k`bpsS A[n]Xnbmb cmPmhpw {][m\m
cmb cmP]pcpjmcpw ASnb k` thZhn
[n{]Imcw P\tfmSv ]nXrXpeyw s]cpamd
Ww.
6 kv{XoI hn[hItfm ]p{X\jvStam ]nXr\jvStam
hp AKXnItfm Bbm AhcpsS kwcWpa
Xe Pbn p bm fn \m Wv . hnj bm k n tbmsS
Ahsc ImWcpsXv t\cs ]dp.
109
2. \mpImcyw \Sphm hnhn[hIpy
msc k` \nbanWw. aptZymKm
\nba{]Imcw icnbmbn {]hnpptm
Fpt\mpIbpw \nbam\pkrXw \Sp
hsc _lp am \n p Ibpw \nb a hn cp ambn
{]hn p hsc bYm bpw inn p
Ibpw sNpXv B AymcpsS NpaX
ebmWv.
3. cmPm m cpsS A b ` Wv Um c amWv
thZ{]Nmcw. AXn\m, thZsf {]Ncnn
pXn\v {_Ncym\pjvTm\tmsS, thZm
Zn im kv {X f `y kn v , Kpcp Ip e n \nv
aSn hcphsc cmPmhpw cmPk`bpw BZ
cn Ww, AXp t]mse P\ sf ]Tn np
hnZzmmcmp ]WvUnXmscbpw BZcn
Ww.
4. Cs\ sNbvXm cmPyn hnZym`n
hrnbpw XZzmcm A`ypZbhpw DmIpw. Xs
m _elo\t\m X\np Xpeyt\m A[n
I_ehmt\m Bb i{Xp t]mcn\p hnfnm,
{]Pm ] cn ]m e\w sNp cmPmhv {Xnb
[as kv acn p sImv ]n n cn p
t]mImsX X\np hnPbw e`nhw
]mShtmSpIqSn t]mcmSWw.
5. t]mfnendn At\ym\yw \n{Kln
m B{K ln p cmPm m, kzkm
aya\pkcnv, t]SnmsXbpw ]nncnbm
sXbpw t]mcmSnbm am{Xta Pbnq. AXn
\m bpn Hcnepw hnapJ\mIcpXv.
Fm i{Xpsf tXmev]npXn\v Nne
tm ]namdpXn A\uNnXyan. Fs
m, FXncmfnIsf tXmev]nphm F{]
Imcw km[nptam A{]Imcw sNWw. ISpw
tIm]w ]qv t\cntmSnhcp knwlw W
t\cw sImv ikv{Xmnbn `kvaambno
cpXpt]mse hnUvVnw sImv A]IS
n s]p \mamhtij\mIpXv _pnb.
6. bpw sNptm shdptX \np
ht\bpw \]pwkInt\bpw ssIIqph
t\bpw XeapSn Agnnht\bpw Ccnph
s\bpw "Rm Asb icWw {]m]n n cn
pp' Fp ]dbpht\bpw
7. DdnnSpht\bpw tamlmekys
h t\bpw \ t\bpw Bbp [ c ln X t\ bpw
bpw sNpXp t\mn\nevpht\bpw
i{Xphns IqpImct\bpw
8. Bbp[{]lctap ]pfbpht\bpw ZpxJn
Xt\bpw h]cntht\bpw kwòXt\bpw
t]Sn tm Sp h t\bp w k \ fp sS
[atamv Hcnepw sImcpXv. As\
bp hsc ]nSn v , ]cn n m hsc XS hn
emn Ahp `Ww hkv{X apXem
bXp sImSpWw. apdnhphsc NnInn
Ww. Ahsc tIm]nnpItbm ZpxJnnp
Itbm AcpXv. bYmtbmKyamb {]hrnI
Ahscsmp sNnWw. kv{XoI, Ipn
I, hrm, BXpcm, ZpxJnXm Fn
hcpsS t\sc Hcnepw Bbp[w {]tbmKn
cpXv. AhcpsS asf kzkm\sfsb
t]mse cn Ww. AXp t]mse kv {XoI
sfbpw cnWw. Ahsc ktlmZcnamsc
t]msebpw ]p{Xnamsctmsebpw hnNmcn
Ww. hnjbmkntbmSpIqSn Ahsc t\mp
It]mepw sNcpXv. cmPyn kam[m\w Dd
Xn\p tijw ]noSv FXnpsav kwi
b an m hsc km c ]qw hn b bv
Ww. ]noSv FXnpsap kwibaphsc
Fpw ImcmKrln Xs ]mnWw.
9. t]mcn \np ]nn cn bp Itbm t]Sn
tmSpItbm sNp `rXys\ i{Xp h[n
m Ah sNbvX ZpjvIrXyn\v acWti
jhpw inml Xs.
10. Ah Cl tem I nepw ]c tem I
nepw kpJapfhmp kpIrXw hXpw
sNbvXnpsn AXns\ Ahs bPam\
Cmbva sNpp. `bstmSth h[ns
Sp h\p bmsXmcp kpJhpw Dm Ip n .
Ahs ]pWyêw apgph\pw \inpt]mIp
p. Ahs kpIrXêamIs [am\pkrXw
bpw sNph\p Inpp.
11. tXcv, IpXnc, B\, IpS, s\v, ]Ww,
IpImenI, kv{XoI,

7
ap hkvXp
sfmw s\v, F, apXemb Ip]y
Fo ]Zm fn hv GtX sXmw
GtXXp ]Sbmfnbpw ]S\mbI\pw Iogvs]Sp
ntbm AsXmw Ahchv AhImis
XmWv. Cd \nbas Bcpw Hcnepw
ewLncpXv.
12. ssk\ynep `Sm Hmtcmcpcpw
7 Cu mIns AYw cmaXmbn FgpXnbnpv.
tmIw ]In FgpXnb B hnXmhmw.
110
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
A[o \am nb ]Zm fpsS ]Xn \m dn
semcp `mKw cmPm hn\pw Fm hcpw IqSn
tp ]nSn S n bn p [\ ns ]Xn
\m dn semcwiw cmPmhv Xs `S mpw
sImSpWw. bpn acnpt]mb `Ss
]v Ahs `mcybvtm atm sImSp
Ww. acn hs `mcy tbbpw {]m]v Xn bm
Im km\sfbpw cnpIbpw a
Imcy{]m]vXnt\Sptm tbmKyXm\pkcWw
tPmen sImSppIbpw thWw. cmPyns
A`n hr n, kpJ k ar n, hnP bw, nc {]
XnjvT Fnhsbmw B{Klnph Cu
\nbas Hcnepw ewLncpXv.
1. A e_v [w ssNh en]v tkX e_v [w
ctXv {]bXv\Xx. cnXw hcv[tbssh
hrw ]mt{Xjp \nxnt]Xv..
(GXXpcvhn[w hnZymXv]pcpjmY{]tbm
P\av. Aky \nXya\pjvTm\w kayIvIpcym
ZX{nXx..)

*7
)
2. Ae_v[antWvtU\ e_v[w ct
Zthbm. cnXw hcv[tbZv hrym hrav
Zmt\\ \nxnt]Xv..
3. Aam b ssbh hcv tXX \ IY w N\
ambbm. _ptyXmcn{]bpmw N ambmav
\nXyw kzkwhrXx..
4. \mky On{Zw ]tcm hnZymZznZymn{Zw ]
ckyXp Xp. KqtlXvIqcva ChmMvKm\n ct
Zznhcam\x..
5. _IhntbZcvYm\vknwlh ]cm{I
taXv. hrIhmheptX iih hn\njv]
tXXv..
6. Ghw hnPbam\ky tbfky kypx ]cn
]n\x. Xm\m\tbZziw kcv m\v kmamZn`ncp
]{Issax..
(bZn tX Xp \ Xnjv tT bp cp ]mssbx
{]Yssakv{Xn`nx. ZWvtUss\h {]kssly
XmwivO\ssIcvhiam\tbXv..)

8
7. btYmZv[cXn \ncvZmXm IIvjw [ym\av
N cIv jXn. XYm cIv tjrt]m cmjv {Sav
l\ym ]cn]n\x..
8. tamlm{ZmPm kzcmjv{Sw bx Icvjb
Xy\thIvjbm. tkmfNncmZv {ìytX cmPym
ohnXm k_mhx..
9. i co c Icv j WmXv {]mWmx Iv jobt
{]mWn\mw bYm. XYm cmPvRma]n {]mWmx
Ivjobt cmjv{SIcvjWmXv..
10. cmjv{Sky kw{Ktl \nXyw hn[m\anZ
amNtcXv. kpkwKrloXcmjvt{Sm ln ]mcvYn
hx kpJta[tX..
11. Zztbmkv {XbmWmw ]m\mw at[y
Kpev aa[njv TnXw. XYm {KmaiXm\mw N Ipcym
{Zmjv{Sky kw{Klav..
12. {Kmakym[n]Xow IpcymZvZi{Kma]Xnw
XYm. hnwiXoiw itXiw N kl{k]Xn
tah N..
13. {KmatZmjm\v kapXv ]m\v {KmanIx
i\ssIx kzbw. iwtkZv {Kma Z ti imb
Ztitim hnwiXoint\..
14. hnwiXoikvXp Xcvhw itXimb
\nthZtbXv. iwtkZv {KmaitXikvXp kl
{k]Xtb kzbav..
15. tXjmw {KmaymWn ImcymWn ]rYm
cymWn ssNh ln. cmtm f \yx kNnhx
kv\nKv[kvXm\n ]tiyZX{nXx.
16. \Ktc \Ktc ssNIw IpcymcvhmcvY
NnIw. Dssx m\w tLmccq]w \
{XmWmanh {Klav..
17. k Xm\\p]cn{Imtacvhmt\h kZm
kzbw. tXjmw hrw ]cn W tb ay
{Kmjvt{Sjp Xsscx..
18. cmtm ln cm[nIrXmx ]ckzm
Zm bn\x iTmx. `rXym `hn {]mtbW
tXt`ym ctZnamx {]Pmx..
19. tb ImcyntIt`ym f cvYtah KrlvWobpx
]m]tNXkx. tXjmw kcvhkzamZmb cmPm
IpcymXv{]hmk\av..
(a\pkvarXn. 7.99,101,104107,110,117,120124)
1. cmPmhpw cmPk`bpw kzm[o\nem
hkv Xp sf km Zn m { ian Ww.
ssIhiw Innb hkv Xp sf cn Ww.
cn Xns\ hn n Ww, hn n
*7 6mw ivtfmIn\ptijhpw CXpt]mse hnXmhmw
8 t]Pv 236 11mw tmIns AYn I]yw Fp
ImWpXv hymJm\nnn. kzw shn CXc
teml apXembhsbmw I]yfmWv. IuSn
eys AYimkv{Xn Htsd hkvXp I]y
n Fn bn p v . (2.17) ae bm f nse "Ipn'
t]mse hSs Cybnse ]e kwkmc`mjIfnepw
"Ipm' FXv s\pw Fbpw kw`cnphncnp
]m{XamWv. {KImc "Ipm' I]yns A]{`wi
amsWp IcpXnbXmhmw.
111
[\s thZ hn Zy, [aw Fn h bpsS
{]NmcWn\pw hnZymYnI, thZamKap
] tZ in p h, AwK `w K m, A\m Y
FnhcpsS cbvmbpw hn\ntbmKnWw,
(]pcpj{]bXv\ns {]tbmP\w Cs\
\mep hn[nemsWp a\nemWw. Ae
kX shSnv Chsb Fpw `wKnbmbn A\p
jv TnWw.)
2. A{]m ]v X am b Xns\ ZWv Uw sImp
t\SpIbpw t\SnbXns\ \nXyw t\mn cn
pIbpw cnXns\ ]eni hmnbpw apw
hnnpIbpw hnn [\s ap]d
{]Imcw sNehgnpIbpw thWw.
3. BtcmSpw Hcnepw Im]Syw ImWn
cpXv, ZnhkwtXmdpw kzc sNpIbpw i{Xp
fpsS NXn{]tbmKfdnv Ahbvv ]cn
lmcapmpIbpw thWw.
4. kzw _e lo \X i{Xp f dn bm
hw adbvpIbpw i{XpfpsS Zu_eyw
Adn p sIm n cn p Ibpw sNWw. Ba
Xs AwKsf adp hbvpXpt]mse
i{ Xp { ]th in m hp Zz mc sf
tKm]\w sNbvXp hbvWw.
5. sImv [ym\nepdncpv aysf
]nSnphm Xcw t\mpXpt]mse hn
kmZ\n\p BtemN\I sNbvXpsIm
ncnWw. [\mZnI kw`cnv, _ew hn
nv, i{Xpsf PbnpXn knwlt
tmse ]cm{Iaw {]ZinnWw. ]pensb
tmse Hfnncpv FXncmfnIsf ]nSnWw.
Xsm intbdnb i{Xp hcptm
apb en t\ tmse HmSn b I p t]m Ip Ibpw
]noSv Ahsc NXnp ]nSnpIbpw thWw.
6. C{] Imcw hnP bn p hm gp k`m ] Xn
bpsS cmPy nse ]cn ] n Isf (I m
scbpw Ihmscbpw) (kma) CWnbpw
(Zm \) hXpw sIm Sppw (t` Z) Xn
npw himWw. (As\ him
Im h cp sn Ahsc AXn I Tn \ amb
insImv {ItaW hisSpWw)
7. hnfshSpph ]Xncp Ifv [m\yw
am{Xw FSppXpt]mse cmPmhv Im
scbpw Ih m scbpw sImv cmPys
cntXmWv.
8. Adn hn m bv a sImpw t\m p d hp
sImpw Xs cmPys Zp e am p
cmPm hv , Xs cmPy tmSpw _p P \
tfmSpw IqSn AImepXs \inpp.
9. icocw oWnnm {]mWbw hcp
tmse P\sf AicmpXpsImv
cmPm m cpsS {]mW \mb tk\m _ e hpw
apw _pP\ klnXw \inpp.
10. AXn\m cmPmhpw cmPk`bpw \mp
Imcy `wKnbmbn \Sphm ]cn{ian
Ww. {]Pm]cn]me\n Fmhn[nepw
PmKcqI\mbncnp cmPmhn\v kpJw hn
psImtbncnpw.
11. ctm aqtm Atm \qtdm {Kma
v Hcp cmPyImcymebw m]nv, AXn
Bhiyn\v DtZymKmsc \nbanp \mp
Imcy \StXmWv.
12. Hmtcm {Kmanepw Hmtcmtcm {][m\nsb
\nbanWw. ]p {KmafpsS tatmbva
bvmbn Hcm, Ccp]Xp {KmafpsS tae[n
Imcnbmbn thsdmcm, \qdp {KmafpsS tae
t\zjWn\v Hcm, Bbncw {KmafpsS
A[n]Xnbmbn thsdmcm Cs\ A[nIm
cnIsf \nbanWw. Hmtcm {Kmanepw Hmtcm
{]hym sc bpw ]p {]hr n I Iqn
tv Hcp A[nImcnsbbpw cp A[nImcn
Iv Hcp tae[nImcnsbbpw Aptae[n
ImcnIv Hcp XlioZmscbpw ]p Xl
ioen\v Hcp Pntbbpw \nbnnpXv a\p
kvarXn apXemb [a imkv{Xfn ]dn
p cmPy `c W coXn A\p k cn m sW
w.
13. C{ ] Imcw \n b an n v , Hmtcm
{]hymcpw Xs {Kman Znhktmdpw
kw` hn p Imcy AXmXpZnhkw
Xs KqVambn A[nImcnsb AdnbnW
sapw A[nImcn Xs Iognep ]p {Kma
fpsSbpw ham\w Znhtk\ tae[nIm
cnsb AdnbnWsapw hyh sNWw.
14. tae[nImcn Xs A[nImcnep Ccp
]Xp {Kmafnse ham\w XlioZmsc
Znh kw tXmdpw Adn bn Ww. AXp t]mse
XlioZm Xs Iognep \qdp {Kma
fnse kw`hsfmw Pnm A[nImcnsb Znh
khpw AdnbnWw, Pnm[nImcnI ZiPn
m[nImcntbbpw ZiPnm[nImcn, Zikl{km
[n]Xnsbbpw Zikl{km[n]XnI e{Km
am[n]Xnsbbpw e{Kmam[n]Xn cmPk`sb
112
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
bpw ham\ {]XnZn\w Adnbnt
XmWv. As\Xs, Fm cmPkÌfpw alm
cmPk`bvv kmhùa\mb N{IhnbpsS
k`bntev `qtKmfnep kIe hrm
fpw AdnbnpsImncnWw.
15. ]Xn\mbncw {KmafSnb Hmtcm hn`m
Kn\pw {]tXyIw Cu cp k`m]XnIsf
\nbanWw. Ahcnsemcm cmPk`bnencpv
Xs A[nImcnep kwm\s kw_
n Imcy \SWw. atbm aSnIq
SmsX \mSptXmdpw kcnpsImv \ymbm
[n]Xn apXemb cmP`rXymcpsS {]hrn
Isf kZm ]cntim[np sImncnWw.
16. Hmtcm henb ]Wnepw Imcymtem
N\k` IqSphm\mbn at\mlchpw AXyp
Xhpw hnimehpw N{s\tmse [hfhW
ap Hmtcm ancw \nantXmWv. hnZym
hrm B k`mancfnencpp cmPyIm
cysf kw_np BtemN\I \S
n sm n cn Ww.
17. KqV k mcw sNp Nmc m sc m
hcpw tZiwtXmdpw kcnpsImncnp
k`m y s Iogn em bn cn Ww. Ah
{Xnbtcm Amhtcm BImw. {]PIfp
sSbpw cmPy`rXymcpsSbpw kIeKpWtZm
j tfbpw Nm c m cn \nv KqV ambn
Adnv A]cm[nIsf innpIbpw KpW
hmmsc _lpam\npIbpw sNtXmIp
p.
18. [manIcpw hnZzmmcpw Ipeo\cpw kp]
conXcpw Bbhp am{Xta {]Pm kwc
Wm[nImcw cmPmhv \Imhq. AhcpsS
Iogneph km[mcWbmbn iTmcpw ]c
{Zhyw A]lcnphcpambncnpw. cmP`rXy
mcmbn Ahscbpw \nbanv Zpjv {]hrnI
fn \np ]namm {ianWw. AhcpsS
tae[nImcnIfmbn hnZzmmsc \nbanv Ah
cpsS D]{Zhfn \nv {]PIsf cn
Ww.
19. hmZnbpsSbpw {]XnbpsSbpw ssIn
\nv ssIqen hmn, \oXn\ymbw \Sp
Xn ]]mXw ImWnp cmP`rXys
kzp apgph\pw IpsIn Xinbpw
\In \mSpISWw. As\ in \Im
Xn cp m Abmsf A\p I cnv ap hcpw
AgnaXn XpSpw. innp ]w ap
h AgnaXn XpSpIbn. Fm \oXn
\ymbw \Sp B cmP`rXymcpsS ta
PohnXn\pw [\kmZ\n\pw Bhiyam
b{X [\tam `qkztm cmPy n \np
amkiftam hmjnImi\amtbm Asn
Hm bnp Xstbm sImSp t Xm Wv .
hmIyn AhcpsS thX\n ]IpXn
hoXw sImSp Ww. Fm Ahp
\evIp ASpq PohnncnptStmf
amsX acWtijw XpSccpXv. Fm, Ah
cpsS km\v tbmKyXm\pkcWw BZ
chpw DtZymKhpw \IpXv Bhiyw Xs
bm Wv . {]m]v Xn bm Im Ipn I fp s n
Ahpw `mcy Pohnncnpsn Ah
pw Ah bv sm hw \nXy hrn
\nh ln p Xn \p [\w `Wv Um c n
\np Xs \IWw. Fm Ah Zpcm
NmcnIfmsWn Hpw sImSpcpXv . Cu
\bs cmPmhv icnbmbn cntXmWv.
Icw ]ncnhv
1. bYm ^te\ bqtPyX cmPm Icvm N
Icv a Wm av . XYmfthy \rt]m cmjv {Sw
Iev]tbXXw Icm\v..
2. bYmev]m f ev]aZym ff Zyw hmtcym
tImhjSv]Zmx. XYm f ev]m f evt]m {Klo
Xthym cmjv{Sm{Zmm_vZnIx Icx..
3. t\mnZymZmt\m aqew ]tcjmw NmXn
XrjvWbm. Dnlymt\m aqeamm\w
Xmw ]oUtbXv..
4. XovWssh arZp kymXvImcyw
hoy alo ]Xnx. Xov Wssh arZp
ssh cmPm `hXn kwaXx.
5. Ghw kcvhw hn[mtbZanXnIcvhy
am\x. bpsshm{]a ]cnct
Znamx {]Pmx..
6. hnt{Imitym bky cmjv{SmZv{[nbt
Zkyp`nx {]Pmx. kw]iyXx k`rXyky arXx
k \ Xp PohXn..
7. {Xnbky ]tcm [cvax {]Pm\mtah
]me \ av . \ncv Zn jv S ^ e t`mm ln cmPm
[cvtaW bqPytX..
(a\pkvarXn. 7.128,129,139,140,142144)
1. cmPmhv, cmP`rXym, {]PI, sXmgn
emfnI Fnhsmw kpJapmI
hw cmPmhpw cmPk`bpw IqSn BtemNnp
113
\mn \nIpXn \nbntXmWv.
2. ]ip p n, hv Fnh `Ws
Aev ]m ev ] ambn Dsm p Xp t]mse
cmPmhv \mpImcn \nv BptXmdpw AXy
ev]amb \nIpXn am{Xta ]ncnsSpmhq.
3. AXym {Klw \nanw Ah \ h sbpw
A\y cp sSbpw kpJ ns aqe Im c Ws
Hcnepw thtcmSp IqSn apdnp Ifv \in
ncpXv. Fsm ]pcpj{]bXv\tbpw
kpJtbpw Dqe\w sNph Ah\h
s\ sbpw A\y m tcbpw ZpxJn n p I
bmWv sNpXv.
4. cmPmhv kabw t\mn XovW kz`m
hntbm arZp kz`mhntbm BIWw. ZpjvStcmSv
{Iqcambpw \htcmSp kuayambpw s]cpam
dp cmPmhv _lpam\y\mIpp.
5. cmPmhv C{]Imcw \mpImcy \Sp
hm\p GmSpIsfmw sNbvXv, kZm {]am
ZclnX\mbn k{iw {]PIsf ]cn]ment
XmWv.
6. cmPmhpw cmP`rXymcpw t\mnbncns
Bcmb P\fpsS {]mW[\mZnI A]
lcnv sImpt]mIp ]w B cmPmhv
a{namtcmSp IqSn \inpt]mbXmbnmWv a\
nemtXv, Pohnncnpps. B
almcmPmhv almZpxJa\p`hnmsXbncnn.
7. cmPmmcpsS ]caamb [aw {]Pm]
cn]me\w XsbmWv. a\pkvarXnbn Ggm
a[ymbn ]dnp \nIpXn]ncnhp \nb
atbpw k`mm]\ \nbatbpw A\p
kcnv {]hnp cmPmhp [atmSp
IqSnbh\pw kpJa\p`hnph\pw BIpw.
AXn\p hn]coXambn {]hnm ZpxJnp
Ibpw sNpw.
Zn\Ncy
1. Dmb ]nta bmta IrXiuNx kam
lnXx lpXm n{_m Wmw my {]hn
ti ip`mw k`mav
2. X{X nXmx {]Pmx kmx {]Xn\y
hnkP tbXv hnkrPy N {]Pmx khm a{
tbl a{n`nx
3. Kncn ]rjv Tw kamcply {]kmZw hm
ctlmKXx ActWy \nxiemtI hm a{tb
Zhn`mhnXx
4. bky a{w \ Pm\n kamKay ]rY
KvP\mx k Irv\mw ]rYnhowtX tImilo
t\m]n ]mYnhx (a\p. 7145148)
cmPmhp cm{XnbpsS Aybmamcw`n
DWsgptv, icocipn hcpn, Cuiz
c[ym\hpw, Antlm{Xhpw sNbvXv [manI
m cmb hnZzm msc kev I cn Xns tijw
`Ww Ignv Aca\bnep cmPk`bn
{]th in Ww.
2. AhnsS hv \np P\sf _lp
am\nv XncnsI AbXn\p tijw {][m\a
{ntbmSpIqSn cmPyImcyhnNmcw sNWw.
3. ]noSv a{ntbmSp IqSn \Sm t]mI
Ww. aeapIfntem, GImKrlntem apn
m CSXq ImSpIfntem, GIm
etm sNncpv \njv]\mbn IqSnbmtem
NnWw.
4. aph F{X {ianmepw KqVImcy
Adnbm km[nm, Kocyhpw, ]cn
iphpw, ]tcm]ImcmYhpamb Kp]vXhnNm
cfp cmPmhv [\lo\\msWnepw `qa
WvUew ASnhmgphm kaY\mbncnpw.
AXn \m cmPmhv k`mw K f \p h Zn p
Xn\p appv bmsXmpw btYjvSw sNcpXv.
knbpw apXembh
1. Bk\w ssNh bm\w N knw hn{Kl
tahN Imcyw hoy {]bpoX ssZz[w
kw{ibtahN.
2. knw Xp Zznhn[w hnZym{ZmPm hn{Kl
ta hN Dt` bm\m kt\ ssNh Zznhn[x
kw{ibx kvarXx.
3. kam\bm\Iam N hn]coXkvXssY
hN XYm Xz mbXn kwbp x
knttbm ZzneWx
4. kzbw IrX ImcycvYaImte Ime
Gh hm an{Xky ssNhm]IrtX Zznhnt[m
hn{Klx kvarXx.
5. GImIn\mXybntI Imtcy {]m]vtX
bZr bm kwl Xky N ant{XW Zznhn[w
bm\apNytX.
6. oWky ssNh {Iatim ssZhmXv
]qh Ir tX\hm. an{Xky Nm\p tcm t[\
Zznhn[w kvarXamk\av.
7. _eky kzman \ ssh n Xn x
Imcym kntb. Zznhn[w IoXytX
114
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
ssZz[w jmUvKpWyKpWthZn`nx
8. AYkmZ\mYw N ]oUyam\x k
i{Xp`nx. km[pjp hy] tZ imcv Yw Zznhn[x
kw{ibxkarXx. bZmhKtZmbXymam[nIyw
{[ph am \x XZmtXz Nmev ]nImw ]oUmw
XZmknw kam{itbXv.
10. bZm {]lrm at\yX kcv hmkv Xp
{]IrXo`riav AXyp{nXw XYmm\wXZm
IpcvhoX hn{Klav.
11. bZm at\yX `mth\ lrjvSw ]rjvSw
_ew kzIav. ]cky hn]coXw N XZm bmbm
{Zn]pw {]Xn.
12. bZm Xp kymXv]cnotWm hmlt\\
_te\ N XZmkoX {]bXvt\\ i\ssIx
kmwXzbco.
13. at\yXmcnw bZm cmPm kcvhYm_eh
cw XZm Zzn[m _ew IrXzm km[tbXvIm
cyam\x.
14. bZm ]c _ em\mw Xp Ka \o b Xtam
`thXv XZm Xp kw{itbXv n{]w [mcvanIw
_en\w \r]av.
15. \n{Klw {]IrXo\mwN IpcymtZmfcn_
eky N D] tk hX Xw \nXyw kh b
Xvss\cvKpcpw bYm.
16. bZn X{Xm]n kw]tiytmjw kw{ib
ImcnXav. kpbptah X{Xm]n \ncvhniwIx.
kamNtcXv.
1. (Bk\w) ncX (bm\w) i{XptfmSp
bpw sNbvhm t]mhpI (knx) AhtcmSv
kn sNpI (hn{Klx) ZpjvSi{XptfmSp
bpw sNpI (ssZz[w) ssk\ys cmbn
hn`Pnv hnPbw t\SpI (kw{ibw) _elm\n
hcptm {]_e\mb thsdmcp cmPmhns\
B{ibnpI Fns\ Bdp hn[nep
I tfbpw bYm tbmKyw Imcy hn Nmcw
sNbvXv bpambXp kzoIcnWw.
2. kn, hn{K lw, bm\w, Bk \w,
ssZz[o`mhw kw{ibw Fnh Cucp Xc
nepv. AhtbsXv cmPmhp \mbn Adn
bWw.
3. kn: i{XptfmSp IqSn kvt\lam
bncnpI, AYhm XZzn]coXambn {]hn
pI, ham\Imenepw `mhnImepw
sNtXp \nhnLv\w sNbvXpsImncn
Ww. CXmWv cpXcw knI.
4. hn{Klw : kzw Imcyknnv HuNn
Xyhpw A\uNnXyhpw t\mmsX sNp
bpw, an{Xnt\mSv A]cm[w sNp i{Xp
hnt\mSp t]mcmw Fns\ cp hn[
nemWv hn{Klw.
5. bm\w: Fsnepw Imcyw km[np
Xn\v GIm In bmbn s]sp i{Xp hns
t\sc t]mcn\p ]pd s SpI; _p tfmSp
IqSn i{Xphns\ B{Ianm Hcpnpds
SpI Fns\ bm\w cphn[nepv.
6. Bk\w: GsX nepw Imc W h im
{ItaW Zp_ e \m hp I, an{X XS p
\npIbm kzm\p Xs \nevpI
FnhbmWv Zznhn[mk\.
7. ssZz[o`mhw: Imcyw t\Sphm tk\m
] Xn I tfbpw ssk\y tbpw cmbn hn`
Pnp hnPbw t\Spt{X cpXcw ssZz[w.
8. kw{ibw: Imcyknnv _ehm\mb
cmPm hns\ B{i bn p I. AYhm alm m
hns\ icWw {]m]n pI Fnh sNbv Xv
i{Xp]oUbn \nsmgnbpXns\ cphn[
nep kw{ibwB{ibw Fp ]dbpp.
9. Xmew bpw sNbv Xm Ipdp
\jvSw kw`hnpsapw bpw \onhm
\nbambpw hnPbhpw A`nhrnbpw DmIp
sapw ImWp tm i{Xphnt\mSv kn
sNbvXv DNnXamb Ahkcw ]mv ss[cy
ambncnWw.
10. Xs cmPynep kIe P\fpw
ssk\yhpw kpjvScpw ]ptcmKat\mpJcpw
t{ijvTcpamsWpw Xm\pw A{]Imcaph
\msWp tXmpIbpw sNptm am{Xta
i{Xphnt\mSv bpn\p ]pdsSmhq.
11. Xs ssk\yw kpjvSnbpw ]pjvSnbpw
{]k X bp Xm bn cn bpw adnv i{Xp
ssk\yw Zp_eamsWp ImWpIbpw sNp
tm i{Xphnt\mSv bpn\p ]pdsSWw.
12. Xs ssk\yhpw hml\fpw oW
Zisb {]m]nptm i{Xpsf aw aw
kmz\wsNbvXv bpw \nn ]nhmWw.
13. i{Xp A[nIw _ehm\msWv Adnbp
tm cmPmhp Xs ssk\ys cmbn hn`
Pnv Xs Imcyw km[nWw.
14. _e hm \mb i{Xp Xmakw IqSmsX
B{Ianpsav Adnhp InnbmepSs\ [man
115
I\pw _ehm\pamb asmcp cmPmhns\ AXn
thKw B{ibnWw.
15. Xm B{ibn cmPmhv ssk\y_ew
sImp i{Xpssk\ys Xpcphm i
\msWn Atls KpcpXpey\mbn KWn
v, \nXyhpw Ignbpwhw tkhnWw.
16. B{i bn bm fns {]hr n I fn
tZmjw Im AbmtfmSpw \nhniw bpw
sNpIXs thWw Hcnepw [manI\mb
cmPmhns\ FXncpXv. Ftmgpw aaXbnem
bncnWw.
1. kcvthm]mssbkvXYm IpcymoXnx
]rYn ho ]Xnx bYm kym `y [nIm \kyp
ant{XmZmko\i{Xhx.
2. BbXnw kcvImcymWmw XZmXzw \
hnNm c tb Xv . AXo Xm\mw N kcv thjmw
KpWtZmju N XzXx.
3. BbXymw KpWtZmj kvXZmtXz
n{] \n bx AXotX Imcy tijx
i{Xp`ncvm`n`qbtX.
4. bssY\w \m`nkwZ[ypcvant{XmZmko\
i{Xhx XYm kcvw kwhnZ[ymtZj kmam
kntIm \bx
1. \oXn\mb cmPmhv, i{Xp, ay
m, an{X Fnh Xtmf[nIw
_e hm \m Im Xn cn m\p D]m b sfmw
sNbvXpsImWw.
2. ]v sNbvXXpw, Ctm sNpXpw,
C\n sNtXpamb Fm ImcyfpsSbpw
KpW tZm j sf n bYmY ambn Nnn
Ww.
3. ]noSv tZmj]cnlmcn\pw KpW
mbn bm m\pw bXv \n Ww. `mhn bn
sNm t]mIp ImcyfpsS KpWtZmj
{inph\pw Ctm sNtXv DS
\Sn sNp h\pw sNbv Xp I gn Xns
_mn Fp sN W sa dn bp h \p amb
cmPmhv Hcnepw tXmpIbn.
4. an{Xw, \njv], i{Xp Fnhcmcpw
cmPmhnt\tbm {]PItftbm hisSpmsX
bncnm cmP`rXymcpw hninjy k`m]Xn
bmb cmPmhpw kh{]ImtcWbpw {]hn
t Xm Wv . CXp X s bt{X cmPy X {
ns Npcpw.
bpns\mcpw
1. IrXzmhn[m\w aqte Xp bm{XnIw N
bYmhn[n. D]Krlymkv]Zw ssNh Nmcm
kayKzn[mb N.
2. kwtim[y {Xnhn[w amcvKw jSvhn[w N
_ew kzIav. kmw]cmbnIIevt]\ bmbmZ
cn]pcw iss\x.
3. i{Xptkhn\n ant{XN KqtV bpIX
Xtcm`thXv KX{]XymKtX ssNh klnI
jvSXtcmcn]px.
(hnhn[ hyql)
4. ZWvUhyqtl\ Xamcvw bmbmp
iItS\ hm. hcmlaIcm`ymw hm kqNym
hm KcptU\ hm.
5.bX `b am iw tI tXm hnkv Xmc
tbXv _eav. ]t\ ssNh hyqtl\ \nhn
itbXkZm kzbav.
6. tk\m]Xn _emyIvtj, kcvh Znp
\nthitbXv, bX `bamitXv {]mNow
Xmw Iev]tboiav.
7. Kpev amw m] tb Zm ]v Xm IrX
kwm kaXx mt\ bpt N Ipi
em\òcq\hnImcnWx.
8. kwl Xm tbm[ tb Z ev ]m Imaw
hnkv Xmc tbZv _lq kqNym ht{PW
ssNssh Xm hyqtl\ hqly tbm[tbXv
9. ky \mssizx kta bpty Z\qt]
s\uZzn ss] kv XYm hr Kp ev am hrtX
Nmss]cknNcvambpss[x te.
10. {]lj tb Zv _ew hyql Xmw
kayIv ]cotbZv. tNjvSmssh hnPm
\obmZco tbm[bXma]n.
11. D]cp[ymcnamkoX cmjv{Sw Nmtkym]
]oU tbXv Zqjtbmky kXXw bh km
tmZtI\av.
12. `nZymssh XUmKm\n {]mImc]cn
Jmkv XYm. ka h kv I tb ss\w cm{Xu
hn{XmktbYm.
(]cmPnXt\mSp s]cpamw)
13. {]amWm\n N IphoX tXjmw [cvam
\ytYmZnXm. cXvss\ ]qPtbtZ\w {][m
\]pcpssjx kl.
14. BZm\a{]nbIcw Zm\ {]nbImcIav
116
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
Aò]vknXm\macvYm\mw Imte bpw {]i
kytX.
(a\p. 7. 184192;194196; 203;204)
1. bp n\p ]pd s Sp tm cmPy c
bv p th sXmw sNbv Xv ssk\yw, bm\
, hml\, ikv{X, Akv{X
apXemb kma{KnIsfmw kw`cnv \mep]mSpw
Nmcmsc KqVambn AbXn\p tijw ]pd
s S Ww.
2. aqpam AXmbXv ewIc,
Pew kap{Zw \Zn apXembh, BImiw Fn
hbnse amK sXfnbnv Icbn tX,
IpXn c, B\ Fn h bnepw sh n
tXmWn I XpSnbhbnepw BImin
hnam\nepw IbdntmIWw. B\ IpXnc,
tX Imem Fo NXp cw K S Akv {X i
kv{XmZnI, `Wt]b FnhtbmSp
IqSn Fs nepw ImcWw ]d p sIm v
i{Xp\Kcns kao]tv aw aw \o
Ww.
3. Hfnhmbn i{Xp]n tNh\pw
]pdta ssa{Xn]peph\pw Xs \o
sf KqV ambn i{Xp hns\ Adn bn t m
sap kwibnmhpXpamb Bfns km
c nepw Ah t\mSp kw`m jWw sNp
Xnepw {inWw. AIta i{Xphpw ]pdta
an{Xhpw Bbh\t{X almi{Xp.
4. cmPmhv kIe cmP`rXymscbpw bp
hnZy A`yknnWw. Xm\pw A`yknWw,
{]PItfbpw ]TnnWw. ]qhinnXcmb
`Smp am{Xta \hw bpw sNm\pw
sNnm\pw Ignbq. A`yknnptm (Z
Wv U hyq l) ZWv Um Ir Xn bn hyqlw Na
bvpI (iIS) iISmIrXnbn tk\ hn\y
kn pI (h cm l hyq l) ]n I Hns
]nmse asm mbn HmSp Ibpw CS bv n
bbvv HnptNv Iqambn \npIbpw
sNpXpt]mse ssk\ys \SpIbpw
\np Ibpw sNp I. (a I c hyq l) apXe
sh n \on tm Ip Xp t]mse
ssk\ys \SpI. (kqNnhyql) kqNn
bpsS ap\ hw Ipdpw Ipg \q Ibcp
hm Xhw IqSnbpw CcnpXpt]mse
hn\y kn p I. Fn s\ hyql sfmw
A`y kn n v , Kcp U s\ tmse Dbpw
XmWpw kwlcnm ]TnnWw.
5. B{IaW òjWn \ne\nevpnSv
ssk\ys \n Ww. cmPmhv ]S \m b I
msc \mep ]pdpw \nn ] hyqlw
\nanv Xmacqhns BIrXnbn ssk\y
s ppw \nn AXns ay n
\nev Ww.
6. ssk\ym[n]mscbpw hocmcmb `S
mscbpw Fp ZnpIfnepw \nWw. GXp
`mKp bpw DmIptam B `mKtv A`n
ap J ambn ssk\ys Xncnp \n Ww.
ap `mKfnepw cmkml Dm
bncnWw. Fsm GXp `mKp \npw
i{Xphns B{IaWw DmImw.
7. bphnZybn kpinnXcpw [manI
cpw, B{I a Wnepw {]Xn tcm [ nepw
kaYcpw \n` bcpw AN e a \ kv cpw,
kvXw`w t]mse Ipepahcpamb ssk\n
Isc ssk\yns \mep `mKpw \n
Ww.
8. Fn Ipdhmbh Fn IqSn
bhtcmSv bpw sNtn hcptm kwLw
tNv bpw sNtXmWv. Xcw Inpsa
n B Ipdp ]S bm fn Isf thK n
AIn A[nIw ep \nWw. ]W
ntem tImbntem i{Xpssk\yntem IS
psNp bpw sNtnhcptm kqNn
hyqlw sImtm h{Phyqlw sImtm Ccp
]pdhpw aqbpff ISpnesImv CSpw
hepw shnbdn bpw sNWw. {]th
in p I gnpw ]e Xcw hyql Nav
bpw sNWw. FXn`mKp\npw ]ocn
sImtm tXmpsImtm B{Ianpps
n k]hyqlw sImvk]w t]mse \ne
ngp \onsmv FXnp IbdWw.
]ocnbpsS ASppsNm AhnsSbp
hsc sImpItbm, _npItbm sNbvXv
]ocn i{XpfpsS t\sc Xncnv, i{Xpssk
\ys sImsmSpWw. Asn hrP
\ sf IpXn c p dp Ibn ]oc n bpsS
t\sc HmSnp sImnWw.

9
CSbvv iqc
mcmb AizmcqVmsc \nWw. As\
HmSnv i{Xp ssk\ys Nnn n X dn nv
Ahsc _n p Itbm HmSn p I f bp Itbm
9 tZicbvv AXymhiyambn hcptm Nmth
Ssbtmse ckmnXzw hcnm Xbmdph
Cs\ sNpp.
117
sN Ww.
9. ka`qanbn tX IpXnc ImemS Fn
hsImpw kap{ZnemsWn Ien Ib
dnbpw Bgw IpdnSv B\pdpIbdn
bpw, acfpw s]mIfpap ev Ap
sIm pw, ]qgn c n hm ]cnN Fn h
sImpw bpw sNpIbpw sNnpIbpw
thWw.
10. bpw \S p tm tbmmsf
t{]mmlnnpIbpw ktmjnnpIbpw
sNWw. bpw \nnshnp Ahkc
fn iucyhpw Dmlhpw DmIh
ap {]kwKsfsmv kIessk\n
Iscbpw BmZnnWw. A]m\yZymlm
c Akv {X i kv {Xm Zym bp [ Huj [
apX em b h sIm Spv Ah sc sbmw
ktmjnnWw. hyqlw \nnmsX Hcn
epw bpw sNpItbm sNnptbm Acp
Xv. bpw \Sptm `SmcpsS \o
{inpIbpw \mbn ]bpptm Fpw
XSnXm {ianpptm Fpw \ncon
Ww.
11. DNnXamsWp tXmppsn Nne
kabp i{Xpsf \mep `mKpw hfp
\nv B{IanWw. i{Xphns cmPynep
hsc amK \n tcm[w sNbv Xp _pn ap p
Ibpw Ah cpsS A[o \ n ep ` W ]
Zm, shw, hndIv, IpImen Xo
I, Fnhsbmw \innpIbpw Zpjnn
pIbpw sNWw.
12. i{Xp\Kcnep Ipf, tImaXn
epI, InSpI Fnhsbmw \innp
IfbWw. cm{Xnkabv i{Xphns\ `bsSp
p Ibpw Pbw t\Sp hm \p D]m b
t\mpIbpw sNWw.
13. Pbnp IogSnb tijw i{Xpsf
smp DSSnIfpw {]XnIfpw FgpXn
phmWw. DNnXsan i{Xphns hwi
P\pw [manI\pamb Hcphs\ cmPmhmbn \nb
anv, ""Fs Bb\pkcnpw [am\pkr
Xamb cmP\oXnb\pkcnpw \oXntbmSpIqSn
{]Pm ] cn ]m e\w \S t Xm Wv .'' Fn
s\ DS Sn sN Ww. C{] Imcw DS Sn
sNbvXXn\ptijw X\nsXnsc Xncnbm
hw kzw BfpIsf AhnsS \nWw.
tXm cmPm hn s\bpw {][m \ tk h I scbpw
cXv\mZnIfmb hnetbdnb hkvXpsImp
kcnWw. PohkmcWn\p appm
Ipwhw Hpw sNcpXv. ImcmKrln
_nmepw Ahsc bYmtbmKyw _lpam
\n bpw tXmhn bn ZpxJn m hw
kpjvSNncmpIbpw thWw.
14. temIn A\ys hkvXp A]
lcnpXv AhcpsS A{]oXnpw sImSpp
Xv {]oXnpw ImcWamIpp. katbmNnX
ambn s]cpamdpXpw, IogSnbh\v CjvSh
kvXp \evIpIbpw sNpXv AXypZmc
amb {]hr n bm Wv . Ahs\ tIm]n n p
Itbm apjn n p Itbm ]cn l kn p Itbm
sNcpXv. "'Rm \ns tXmev]npIfp.''
Fns\ Ahs apn hp ]dbcpXv.
""\n Fs ktlmZc\mWv'' Fpw apw
]dv Fmbvt]mgpw _lpam\nWw.
an{Xhpw i{Xphpw
1. lncWy`qankw{]m]vXym ]mYnthm \
XssY[tX. bYm an{Xw {[phw e_v[zm Iri
a]ymXnaav.
2. [awN IrXw N XpjvS{]IrXn
tah N. A\pcw ncmcw`w eLp an{Xw
{]ikytX.
3. {]mw Ipeo\w iqcw N Zw ZmXmc
tah N. IrXw [rXna IjvS amlp
ccnw _p[mx.
4. BcyXm ]pcpjm\w iucyw IcpW
thZnXm. sueeyw N kXXaqZmko\
KptWmZbx. (a\p. 7. 208211)
an{XeWw
1. ncambn kvt\laph\pw `mhn I
dnbm Ignbph\pw Imcyw t\Sm Ignhp
h\pamb ka an{Xttbm Asn
Zp_e an{Xttbm e`nm DmIpXn
e[nIw A`nhrn Ipsd kzWtam `qantbm
InpXpsImvv DmIpX.
2. [a\pw, IrX\pw D]Imckvac
Wbph\pw {]kkz`mhnbpw, kvt\lap
h\pw XpSnh Imcyw apgph\mpXn
ncXbph\pamb an{Xs kmZnp
cmPmhv {]iwk\ob\mWv.
3. _pnam\pw, Ipeo\\pw, iqc\pw, hoc\pw
ka\pw Zm\ioe\pw D]ImckvacWbp
h\pw ss[cy hm \p amb Bfns i{XpXzw
118
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
kmZnmXncnm Ftmgpw {inWw.
Acw i{XpX ZpcnXfpmnhbvpw.
4. DZmko\s eWw: {]iwk\obamb
KpWfph\pw, k\sfbpw Zp
\sfbpw thXncndnbph\pw ]cm{Ia
imenbpw Zbmephpw kYqeey\pw s]m
hmpI ]dbph\pw Bbh\t{X DZmko
\.
Ghw kcv h anZw cmPm kl kwa{y
a{n`nx hymbmaympXy a[ymt t`mp
ax]pcw hntiXv (a\p. A. 7 tm. 216)
app ]d{]Imcw AXncmhnse Fgpt
v, icocipn hcpn, kymh\w An
tlm{Xw apX e bh sNp Itbm sNn p
Itbm sNbvXv k`bn lmPcmbn a{namtcm
sSmw ImcyhnNmcw sNbvXv ]S\mbImcpsS
ASptev sNv Ahsc ktmjnnp
Ibpw ]SbmfnIsf hnhn[ hyqlcN\mcoXn
I ]Tn n bpw B\ n, IpXn cm e bw,
tKmime, Bbp[ime, sshZyime, `WvUmcw
apXembhsbmw ]cntim[nv Ahbn h
\yq\XIfpw Dsn AXp apgph Xop
Ibpw thWw. ]noSv hymbmaimebn sNp
hymbmaw sNbvXnp D`Wn\mbn Ax
]pcnbntev ]Xv\namcpw apw Xmaknp
e t v t]mI Ww. k{iw ]cn tim
[np ]mIw sNbvXXpw _pn, _ew, ]cm{Iaw
Fn hsb hn n p Xpw tcmK \n hm c
Ihpw hnhn[XcnepXpw a[pcmZn hnhn
[ckbphpw kpKapXpw, Dahpamb
A hyRv P \ ]m \ fmWv `n t Xv .
Fnte kZm kpJbp\mbncnq. cmPyIm
cysfmw Cs\ A`nhrnsSpWw.
Icw]ncnhv
]miZv`mK BtZtbm cm ]iplnc
Wytbmx [m\ym\majvStam `mKx jjvtTm
ZzmZi Gh hm. (a\p. 7. 130)
I h S mpw ssIsm gnmpw
kzWambpw shnbmbpw Inp em`n
AXnsemcp `mKhpw, s\p apXemb [m\y
fn Bdnsemtm Fnsemtm Asn
]{ n semtm `mKhpw ]ncn s Sp Ww.
Irjn mpw sXmgn em fn Ipw ` W
nt\m ]Wnt\m _pnapp hcmhw
am{Xw \nIpXn ]ncnsSpWw.
P\ [\m Vycpw Btcm Ky ap hcpw
A]m\mZn]ZmYfm karcpambm
cmPm hn\pw henb A`n hr n bp m Ipw.
cmPmhp P\sf Xs asftmse IcpXn
kuJyw \ev I Ww. P\ cmPm hn s\bpw
cmP`rXymscbpw ]nXrXpeyw KWnWw.
Irjn mcpw sXmgn em fnIfpw cmPm m cp
tSbpw cmPm m cmWv F sNmv hfsc
icnbmWv. cmPmhv AhcpsS cI am{Xam
Wv. P\fnsn BcmWv cmPmhv? cmPm
hn s n Bcp tS XmWv P\w? Ccp Iq cpw
kzw IhyIafn kzX{cpw, Ccp
Iqcpw tNv ]ckv]c{]oXn]qw sNt
Imcyfn ]cX{cpw BbncnWw. P\
fpsS s]mXphmb A`n{]mbn\p hncp
ambn cmPmhpw cmP`rXymcpw {]hncp
Xv. cmP`rXymcpw {]PIfpw cmPmbvp
hn]coXambpw \ScpXv. cmPmhns cmjv{So
bambs]mfnn Fp ]dbp I
hyIa kwt]ambn ChnsS hnhcnp.
IqSpX hnhcWw thh \mep thZ,
a\pkvarXn, ip{I\oXn, alm`mcXw apXemb
{K t\mn a\nemWw. {]PIfpsS
CSbn \oXn\ymbw \SpXp a\pkvarXn
bn Fpw HXpw Aymbfn ]dn
cnphw thWw. AXpw Npcpn ]dbmw.
18. hnhmZm\
1. {]Xy lw tZ i Zr jv ssS im kv {X Z r
jvssS tlXp`nx AjvSmZikp amcvtKjp
\n_m\n ]rYIv ]rYIv.
2. tXjmamZy ar Wm Zm\mw \ntt]mf
kzman hn{Ibx. kt`qbN kapm\w Z
kym\]IcvaN.
3. thX\sskyhNmZm\mw kwhnZhy
Xn{Iax. {Ibhn{Ibm\pitbm hnhmZx kzman
]metbmx
4. koamhnhmZ[cva ]mcptjy ZWvU
hmNntI. kv tXbw N kml kw ssNh
kv{XokMv{KlWtahN.
5. kv{Xo]pw [cvtamhn`mK ZypXamlzb
GhN ]Zm\yjvSmZssiXm\n hyhlmcn
Xm hnl.
6. Gjp m t\jp `qbnjv Tw hnhmZw
NcXmw\r Wmav . [aw imiz X am {inXy
119
IpcymXv Imcyhn\nWba.v
7. [cvtam hnkvXz[cvtaW k`mwbt{Xm
]XnjvTtX. ieyw Nmky \Irn hnm
kvX{X k`mkZx.
8. k`mwhm \ {]thjvShym hhyw hm
kaRvPkav. A{_ph\zn{_ph\zm]n \tcm
`hXnIn_jo.
9. b{X [cv tam ly [cv ta W kXyw b{Xm
\rtX\N. l\ytX t{]amWm\mw lXm
kvX{Xk`mkZx.
10. [a Gh ltXm ln [cvtam cXn
cnXx. Xkvamcvtam \ lthymamt\m
[cvtam ltXmfh[oXv.
11. hrtjmln `K hm[a kv Xkybx
IpcptX lyeav. hrjew Xw hnZpcvtZhmkvX
kvamaw \ tem]tbXv.
12. GI Gh kplrcvtam \n[t\]y\p
bmXnbx. ico tcW kzmiw kcv h a
\ynKXn
13. ]mtZmf[cv a ky Icv mcw ]mZx km
nW ar Xn. ]mZx k`m kZx kcv hm
]mtZm cmPm\arXn.
14. cmPm`hXyt\\mkvXpapNyt N k`m
kZ. Gt\m KXnIcvmcw \nmcvtlm b{X
\nytX
(a\p. 8. 38; 1219)
1. cmPmhv, cmPk`mwK, cmPy`rXym
apXembh \mp\Spw imkv{X{]amWhpa
\pkcnv, hnhmZmkv]ZamtbmhpXpw C\n
]d bp Xp amb ]Xn s\p hnj b fn
hnhmZw hcp Imcyfn Xocpam\saSp
Ww. imkvt{Xmamb \nbaansn Bh
iyamsWp tXmp \na cmPmhn\pw
P\ pw ]ptcm KXn hc hw
BtemNnv DmWw.
2. ]Xns\p hyhlmc ChbmWv: 1.
(EWzmZm\w) ISw sImSppItbm ISw hmp
Itbm sNpXnepmIp Xw. 2. (\n
t ]x) kqn p Xn\v Gev ]n Xv DS a
tNmZnptm XncnpsImSpmsXh
cptm DmIp Xw. 3. (Akzmanhn
{Ibw) A\ys hI FSpp hnpI 4.
(kw`qbN kapm\w) ]e tNv Hcph
t\mSv A{Iaw ImpI. 5. (Zkym\]Icva)
sImSpXv sImSpmXncnpI
3. 6 (thX\sskyhNmZm\w) thX\w sImSp
mXncnpItbm, IpdpsImSppItbm sNp
I. 7 (kw hn Z hyXn {I ax) {]Xn ,
ewL\w sNpI. 8 ({Ibhn{Ibm\pibx)
hnevpItbm hmpItbm sNbvX hkvXp
sf n Dm Ip Xw. 9 (kzman ]me
tbmhnhmZx) ]ipfpsS DSa\pw ]ip
]meI\pw XnepmIp Xw.
4. 10 (koamhnhmZ[ax) AXnnXw
11 (Z Wv U ]m cp jyw) AXn I Tn \ amb in
hn[npI 12 (hmIv ]mcpjyw) ]cpjhmp
I ]d bpI 13 (kv tXbw) tamj Whpw
Ihbpw sNpI 14 (kmlkw) ssItw
sNpI 15 (kv{Xokw{KlWw) kvXotbm ]pcp
jt\m hy`nNmcw sNpI.
5. (kv {Xo ]pw [w) kv {Xo]p cp j m
kz[aw ewLnpI 17 (hn`mK) `mKhgv 18
(ZqXam\yb) Poh\nmh ]Wbw hp
\S p NqXp I fn bpw. (Zyp X) Pohn Isf
]Wbw hp NqXp Ifn (B lzbw) C
d ]Xns\pw hnhmZmkv]ZfmWv.
6. Cu hyhlmchnjbsf kw_np
m Ip X fn P\ tfmSv \oXn
\ymbw \S pXp k\m X \ [s
Bkv ] Z am n th Ww. Hcn epw ] ]mXw
ImWncpXv Fv Aw.
7. GXp k`bnemtWm A[w apdnsSp
nb [aw hn p Xv A[a ns
Apap\ [an \np ]dnpIfbmXncn
pXv, A[as \innmsX Ccnp
Xv AXm bXv [a n\v am\hpw A[a
n\v inbpw \evImXncnpXv B k`
bnse AwKsfmw apdnthhcmsWp Icp
XWw.
8. [manI\mb a\pjy k`.bn {]th
inmXmWv Daw. {]thinp ]w
kXyta ]dbmhq. k`bn A\ymbw {]hn
pXp Inpw au\w `Pnp t\cn\pw
\ymbn\pw FXncmbn ]dbph alm]m
]nbmIpp.
9. kZ ky m scmw In cns A[a
m [ahpw AkXym kXyhpw l\n
sSp k`bnephscmhcpw arX{]mb
cm Wv . Ah cn sem cp h\pw Pohn n cn p n
FdnbWw.
10. [as l\nphs\ [ahpw \in
120
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
n p p. [as cn p hs\ [aw
cnpp. AXn\m [as l\ncpXv.
l\n [aw \s \inncpsXp IcpXn
sm Ww.
11. Fm sFizcyfpw \evIp kpJ
sfmw \evIp [an\p tem]w hcpp
hs\ Adn hp h hrj e s\p iq{Z
AYhm \oN Fv Adnbpp. AXn\m
[atem]w hcppXv Bpw DNnXa.
12. Cutem I n [aw Hp am {Xta
_phmbnpffq. ac W ti jhpw AXv a\p
jys\ A\pKanpp. apsXmw, _p
fSw icocw injnptXmSpIqSn Cm
Xm Ip p. Fm _hpw hnp t]m Ip p.
Fm [a ns _w am{Xw Hcp
Imepw ths]SpX FYw.
13. cmP k ` bn ] ]mXw \nanw
A\ymbw { ]hn p tm fp m Ip
A[aw \mep `mKfmbn ]ncnv Hcp `mKw
A[aw {]hn h t\bpw cmw `mKw
kmntbbpw asmv kZkytcbpw \mem
as `mKw [ahncpambn {]hn k`
bpsS Ay\mb cmPmhns\bpw {]m]np
p.
14. \nn t hsc \nn p Ibpw {]iw
kmlsc {]iw kn p Ibpw inmlsc
innpIbpw am\ysc _lpam\npIbpw
sNp k` bnse cmPmhpw k`mw K fpw
]m] c ln Xcpw ]cnip cp ambn `hn p p.
]m]w sNph\p am{Xta AXns tZmjw
DmIppq.
C\n kmnI
Fs\bphcmbncnWsap
]dbpp
1. B]vXmx kcvthjp hcvtWjp Imcymx
Imtcyjp kmnWx. kcv h [cv a hntZm
ep_v[m hn]coXmwkvXp hcvPtbXv.
2. kv{XoWmw kmyw kv{Xobx Iqcvqcv
ZznPm\mw kZrim ZznPmx. iq{Zmt kx
iq{ZmWmaym\maytbm\bx.
3. kmltkjp N kcvthjp kvtXbk
Mv{KltWjpN. hmKvZWvUtbm ]mcptjy
\ ]cotX kmnWx.
4. _lpXzw ]cn Kr lv Wo bv mn
ssZzt[ \cm [n]x. ktajp Xp KptWm
XvIrjvSm KpWssZzt[ ZzntPmam
5. kaZcvi\mmyw {ihWm ssh
kn[yXn X{X kXyw {_ph kmo
[cvamcvYm`ymw \ lobtX.
6. kmoZrjvS{ipXmZ\yZzn{_phmcy
kwkZn . Ahm Mv \ c I a t`yXn t{ ]Xy
kzcvKm lobtX.
7. kz`mthss\h bZv{_qbpkvXZv {Kmlyw
hymh lm cn Iav AtXm bZ \yZzn {_qbpcv
[cvamcvYw XZ]mcvYIav.
8. k`mx kmnWx {]m]v Xm \cv Yn
{]Xycv Yn kn[u {]mUzn hmtImf\pbp
oX hn[n\mft\\ kmzb.
9. bZvZztbmc\tbmcvth Imtcyfkvan
tNnXw anYx. XZv {_qX kcvhw ktXy\
bpjvamIw ly{X kmnXm.
10. kXyw kmty {_qhkmo
temIm\m]vt\mXn ]pjvIem. Cl Nm\p
amw Iocvnw hmtKjw {_]qPnXm.
11. ktXy\ ]qbtX kmo [ax ktXy\
hcv[tX. XkvamXyw ln hhyw kcvh
hcvtWjp kmn`nx.
12. Bssh lym\x kmo KXn
cmm XYm\x amhawmx kzmamm\w
\rWmw kmnWapaav.
13. bkyhnZzm ln hZXx t{Xtm
\m`n i tX. Xkv am tZhmx t{ibmwkw
temtIf\yw ]pcpjw hnZpx.
14. GtIm l a kv ao Xym m\w bXzw
IeymW a \ytk. \n Xyw n Xkv tX
lrtZyj ]pWy]mt]nXm ap\nx.
(a\p. 8. 63; 68; 72 75; 7881; 83; 84; 86; 91)
1. Fm hWfnepw, [manIcpw, hnZzm
m cpw, kXy k cpw kI e [a tfbpw
Adnbphcpw AXym{Klanmhcpw kXyw
]dbphcpambncnWw \ymbhyhbn
kmn ]dtbXv. Amhsc kmnbm
cpXv.
2. kv{XoIp kv{XoIfpw, {_mWp
{_mWcpw, iq{Zp iq{Zcpw, XmWhv
XmWhcpw kmn ]dbWw.
3. _emXvmcambn sNphbvpw, tamj
Ww. hy`nNmcw, ]cpj`mjWw, hSnsImv
ASnpI apXemb Ippw kmnhn
kvXmcw Bhiyan. CdsXmw KpV
121
ambn \SpXn\memWv kmn thm
Xv.
4. cp ]nepw kmnIfpsn
`qcn]{]Imchpw kmnI Xpeycmbncp
m DIrjvSKpWhmmcmb kmnIfpsS
samgn b \p k cn pw, cp ] n ep ap
kmnI KptWmjw sImpw kwJy
sImpw Xpeycmbncpm {_mWt{ijvT
m aljnam k\ymknhcym Fnh
cpsS kmya\pkcnpw \ymb\nWbw sN
Ww.
5. cpXcw kmnIfpv. ZrIvkmnIfpw
tI dn h cpw. k` bn kXyw ]d bp
kmnI [alo\tcm inmltcm A.
IkmnIsf Ipns\mv innWw.
6. cmPk`bntem ap t{ijvTk`bntem hv
IXn\pw tIXn\pw hn]coXambn kmn
]dbph AhmMv \cIw F\cIn
(\mhp apdnp IfbpXpsImv DmIp
ZpxJns \cIn) InSp IjvSsSp
Ibpw acWtijw t]mepw kpJlo\cmbncn
pIbpw sNpw.
7. Xn kmn ]dbptm ]ct{]
cW IqSmsX ]dbp samgn kzoIcnWw.
]Tnnp ]dbpsXmw IamsWv \ymbm
[n]Xn AdnbWw.
8. k`bn hnp kmnItfmSv, A\ym
bmc {]Xn FnhcpsS kmnyn
\ymbm [n ] Xnbpw ho e mcpw im ambn
Cs\ tNmZnWw:
9. kmnIsf! Cmcyn kmnIfmb
\n CcphcpsSbpw ]ckv]c{]hrnIsf
n AdnbmhpXv kXykambn ]dbpI.
10. kXyw ]dbp kmn Pmcn
t{ijvTamb PohnXtbpw B\abtemI
sfbpw {]m]nv kpJa\p`hnpIbpw Cu
Pnset]mse Xs Pmcnepw
\ bns\ {]m]npIbpw sNpw. Fs
m, hmp X s bmWv kev m c npw
Xnckvmcnpw ImcWsav thZfn
]dbpp. kXyhmZn _lpam\n\pw anYym
hmZn \nbvpw ]m{Xo`hnpp.
11. kXyw ]d bp Xp sIm p X s bmWv
[aw hn p Xv . AXn \m kmn I
sfmw kXyw Xs ]dbWw.
12. Bmhns kmn BmhpXsbm
Wv. Bmhn\p KXnbpw BmhpXs.
CXdnv tl kmo! Av a\pjycpsS kI
ekmnIfnepwshv Dakmnbmbn Ah
\hs Bmhns\ A]am\nmXncnpI.
Ah\hs Bmhv, a\v, hmv Fnhbn
ep Xns\ AXp t]mse ]d bp Xp X s
bmWv kXy`mjWw. AXnp hn]coXambn
psXmw anYym`mjWamWv FYw.
13. kwkm cn p tm t{X \mb
Bmhv AIta inpnsn Aht\
m t{ijvT\mb asmcph\pXmbn hnZzm
mv Adnhn.
14. t{ibm{Klnp a\pjym ""Rm Hcp
h am{Xta Dq'' Fp [cnv \o Bm
hns AdnthmSpIqSn AkXyw ]dbpXv icn
b. \ns lrZbm`mKn Acyman
bmbn hnp kthizc ]pWy]m]
sf {]Xyambn IpsImv ap\nbmbn
(au\ahew_nv) nXnsNppv. B ]c
ammhns\ `bsv kXyw ]dbpI.
(Ikmnv in)
1. tem`mtmlmZvZbmss{XmXv ImamXv
t{ Im[m ssY h N. Am \mZv
_me`mhm kmyw hnXYapNytX.
2. Gjma\yXta mt\ bx kmya
\rXw htZXv . Xky ZWv U hn ti jmwkv Xp
{]hymay\p]qcvix
3. tem`mXvkl{kw ZWvUykvXp tamlmXv
]qcv p kml kav . `bmZv Zzu a[yau
ZWvUyu ssa{XmXv ]qcvhw NXpcvKpWw
4. Imam i KpWw ]qcv hw t{Im[mp
{XnKpWw ]cav. Am\mzuitX ]qcvtW
_meniymXtah Xp.
5. D]apZcw Pnlzm lkvXu ]mZu N
]aav. Npcvmkm N IcvWu N [\w
tZlkvXssYh N.
6. A\p_w ]cnmb tZiImeu N
XzXx kmcmf]cms[u NmtemIy ZWvUw
ZWvtUyjp ]mXtbXv.
7. A[a ZWvU\w temtI btimLv\w
Ion \mi \ av . AkzKy ]c {Xm]n
XkvamXv ]cnhPtbXv.
8. AZWvUym ZWvUb cmPm ZWvUymw
122
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
sshm]y ZWv U b. Abtim alZm
]vt\mXn \cIw ssNh KXn.
9. hmKvZWvUw {]Yaw IpcymnKvZWvUw
XZ\cav XrXobw [\ZWv Uw Xp h[ ZWv U
aXx ]cav.
(a\p. 7. 113121; 125129)
1. tem`w, tamlw, `bw, kvt\lw, Imaw,
t{Im[w, Am \w, Fn h tbm Sp Iq Sntbm
_meyImetm ]dbp kmywkmn
samgn apgph\pw AkXyamsWv AdnbpI.
2. Ch bn GsX nepw Hp \nanw
Ikmn ]dbp bm fn\v C\n ]d bp
inI \IWw.
3. tem`w \nanw Ikmn ]dbp
h\v (1000 ss]k)

10
]Xn\p cq] ]
Wbpw, tamlm Ikmn ]dbph\v
aqp cq] cWbpw, `bsv Ikmn
]d bp h\v Btd Im cq] bpw, kv t\lw
sImp Isamgn sImSpph\v ]{
cq]bpw ]ng \nbntXmWv.
4. Imaw sImp Ikmn ]dbph\v
Ccp]pcq]bpw t{Im[w aqew Ikmn
]dbph\p \mev]mdp cq] ]XnmeW
bp w, Am\w \n an w I kmn
]dbph\v BdpdpnIbpw, _meyw \nanw
I kmn ]d bp h\v Hcp dp nI H X
Wbpw ]ngbnSWw.
5. D] t {n bw, hb dv , \mhv , ssII,
ImepI, IpI, aqv, sNhnI, [\w,
tZlw Fn s\ ZWv U m \
inbvp hnt[bammhph ]sam
Wv. CXntesXnepw HnemWp in \Sm
pXv.
6. tem`w \nanw Ikmn ]dbph\p
]Xn\pdpnI ]W ]ngbnSWsap ]d
n p v . CXp t]mse ]e hn[ n ep
in I ]noSv ]d bp Xm Wv . Fm
\n\s ] \npw Ipdpw [\nIs
] \nv ctm aqtm \mtem Ccn
A[nIhpw ]ng ]ncnsSptXmWv. tZiIm
e, Ipmcs in, A]cm[ns
KuchemLh Fnhb\pkcnp in
\evtIXmWv FYw.
7. Cu temI n A\ym b ambn in
\evInbm AXv Cu Pnepw Ign P
nepw hcpw Pnepap Ionsb \in
np Ifbpw. `mhnPn IqSn ZpxJ{]Zam
bn o cp p. AXn \m Btcbpw A\ym b
ambn inncpXv.
8. inmlsc inn m Xn cn p Ibpw
Amhsc innpIbpw sNp cmPmhv
Pohn n cn p tm henb A] Ionv
]m{XamIpIbpw acWtijw ITn\ZpxJw A\p
`hnpIbpw sNpp. AXn\m A]cm[w
sNphsc Fmbvt]mgpw inntXm
Wv. \nc]cm[nIsf Hcnepw inncpXv.
9. BZyw Ipw sNp tm hm p sIm
p ZWvUw {]tbmKnWw. \nnWsa
Yw. cm aXp [nm c am Ip ZWv Uw.
""Zpjv S \o Fp sImp Zpjv {] hrn
sNbvXp?'' Fv XmoXp sNWw. aqma
tXp [\ZWvUw AYma ]ngbnSpI. \mem
a tXp h[ Z Wv Uw A ] cm [nsb Nqc
sImtm Nn sImtm (Nm sIm tm)
ASnpI Asn A]cm[nbpsS Xe shp
I.
apinI
1. tb\tb\ bYmMvtK\ kvtXt\m\rjp
hntNjvStX XtZh ltcZky {]XymtZ
imb ]mYnhx.
2. ]nXmNmcyx kplramXmNm `mcym]p{Xx
]ptcm lnX. \mZWv tUym \ma cm Pv tRm
kvXnbx kz[cvta\XnjvTXnx
3. Imcvjm]Ww `thWvtUymb{Xm\yx
{]mIrtXmP\;X{XcmPm`thWvUyx kl{k
anXn[mcWm.
4. AjvS]mZyp iq{Zky kvtXtb`hXn
Inev _n jav tjmU ssi h Xp ssh iy ky Zzm
{XnwiXv {XbkyN.
5. {_mWky NXpjjvSnx ]qw hm]n
iXw `thXv. ZznKpWm hm NXpjjvSnx. kvX
tmjKpWhnn kx.
6. sF{w m\a`nt{]]vkpcyim
bahybav. t\mt]tX Wa]n cmPmkm
lknIw \cav.
7. hmKvZpjvSmkvIcmssh ZWvtUss\
10 kl{ki_v Zn\v 1000 ss]k Fw. ]gb
IW\pkcnv cq]bvv 64 ss]kbmWpXv. Cu
Hcp ss]kbvv Cs 15625 ss]kbpsS aqeyap
v. HcW Cs 6.25 ss]kbmWv.
123
h N ln w kXx kml k ky \ cx Im
hntbx ]m]Irax.
8. kmltkhcvam\ptbm acvjbXn
]mYnhx khn\miw {hPXymip hntZzjw
Nm[nKXn.
9. \an{X ImcWm{ZmPm hn]pemZzm [\m
KamXv kapXv krtPXv kmlknImkcvh
`qX`bmhlm.
10. Kpcpwhm _mehruhm {_mWwhm
_lp{ipXav BXXmbn\ambmw l\ymtZ
hmhnNmcb.
11. \mXXmbn ht[tZmtjm lpcv`hXn
Iiv N\ {]Imiwhmf {]Imiw hm a\yp
kvX\va\yparNvOXn.
12. bkykv tX\x ]p tc \mkv Xn
\m\ykv{XotKm\ ZpjvShmIv. \ klmknI
ZWvULv\u k cmPm i{ItemI `mIv.
(a\p. 8. 334338; 344347; 350351; 386)
1. Iffm GXv Ahbhw sImv Fs\
A{Iaw sNp pthm AXm X h b h sf
AtX hn[n cmPmhp tOZnpIftbXm
Wv. P\v KpW]mTn\mWnXv.
2. ]nXmhv BNmcy, kv\lnX, kvXoI,
]p{X, ]ptcmlnX Fnhcn Bcmbncp
mepw icn, Ah\hs [aw hnv A[aw
sNphcn cmPmhnv innm hm
Xmbn Bcp an . \ymbm k \ n Ccpv
cmPmhp \oXn\ymbw \Sptm BcpsS
t\scbpw ]]mXw {]ZinncpXv; Fm
hpw btYmNnXw in \evIWw FYw.
3. km[mcW ]uc\v Hcp cq] ]ng hn[n
p Ipw cmPmhp sNbvXm Bbncw cq]
]ngbnSWw. km[mcWmctXn Bbncw
aSv A[n Iw Bbn cn Ww cmPm hn \p ff
in FYw. {][m\ kNnh\v km[mcW
in bpsS Fq dn c nbpw. AXn Xmgv
a{nv Fgpqdncnbpw AXn\pw Xmsgbpff
cmPy`rXy\v Adp\qdncnbpw BbncnWw.
Cns\ cmPy `r Xy m cnshv Fhpw
sNdnb in]mbnpt]mepw, Fncnbn Ipd
bm in \ev tI Xm Wv . cmPy `r Xy
mv P\tfm A[nIw in sImSp
mXncpm Ah P\sf apSnpIfbpw.
Hcp tImemSv Aev]amb ZWvUwsImv CW
pp. knwlamIs A[nI ZWvUw sImt
CW p p f fq. AXn \m cmPmhp apX
km[m c W m c htc bp ff cmP ]p cp j m
cn Bscnepw Ipw sNbvXm Ahp
sImSpp in P\pffXnt\m
A[nIambncnWw.
4. CXpt]mseXs, `hnjydnbp Hcp
h tamjvSnm iq{Zv, tamjWpnp
km[m c W bmbn hn[n p Xns Fn cn
iq{Z\pw ]Xm\mdncn sshiy\pw apncp
aSv {Xnb\pw ]ngbnSWw.
5. KpWtZmj m\tmSpIqSn tamjWw
sNp {_mW\v km[mcWtbm Adp
]n\mencn, Asn \qdncn, Asn
\qncp]sncn in \IWw. A]cm[w
sNphs m\m[nIyn\pw DIrjvS
nXnpw Xhw A[nIin \evIWw.
6. [ahpw sFizcyhpw hnWsam
{Klnp cmPmhpw cmP]pcpjmcpw, It
mpw A{I an Ipw I mpw
in \Ip Imcy n W t\cw
t]mepw sshIcpXv.
7. kml kn Is eWw ]d bpp:
sImnhmp ]dbpI, tamjvSnpI, sXpsN
msX innpI, Fnh sNphtcm
_em ev Im c ambn {]hr n I sNp h
hfsc A[nIw ZpjvS\pw ]m]nbpamIpp.
8. kml kw {] hn p h\p in
\ev ImsX an p sIm n cn p cmPmhv
AXnthKw \inpIbpw P\tcmjn\v ]m{X
amhpIbpw sNpw.
9. kIepw ZpxJapmp kmlkn
Is\, kulmtam [\tamltam \nanw
cmPmhv _ \ \m p Itbm inc tZw
sNmXncncpXv.
10. BNmcy\mIs, ]p{XmZnIfmb _mem
cmIs, ]nXmhv apXemb hrP\fmIs
At\Iw imkv{X ]Tnnp {_mW
\m I s, Bcm bn cp mepw [aw shSnv
A[aw {]hn p Ibpw \nc ] cm [n Isf
sImp Ibpw sNp hsc Btem Nn p I
t]mepw sNmsX sImp I f tb Xm Wv .
sImp I f Xn\p tijta Bcm sW p
Xv BtemNnmhq.
11. Hfnhmtbm shfnhmtbm ZpjvSsc sImp
XpsImv sImph\v bmsXmcp ]m]hpw
DmIpn. ISpwtIm]w ]qphcphs\
t{Im[wsImv sImpIfbpXv t{Im[hpw
124
kXymY{]Imiw cmP[aw
tIm]hpw Xnep t]mcamsWmWv [cn
tXv.
12. Imcpw, ]ckv{XokwKw sNph
cpw, NohmpI ]dbphcpw Itm
cpwsImmcpw cmPmhns Iev]\ A\pk
cnmhcpw Cm cmPyns cmPmhv
AXnt{ijvT\mWv.
hy`nNmcn\p in
1. `cvmcw ewLtbZym kv{Xo kzmXn
KpW Zcv ]nXm Xmw iz`nx JmZ tb {ZmPm
kwmt\ _lpkwntX.
2. ]pamwkw ZmltbXv]m]w ibt\ X]vX
Bb tk. A`ym Z [yp Imjv Tm\n X{X
ZtlyX ]m]IrXv.
3. Zocv Lm[z\n bYmtZiw bYmImew Xtcm
`thXv. \ZoXntcjp XZznZymapt{Z \mkvXn
eWav.
4. Al\yl\ythtyX Icvamm\zml
\m\nN. Abhysbu N \obXmhm Icm
tImjtahN
5. Ghw kcvm\nam cmPm hyhlmcm
kam ] b. hyt]mly Inev _njw kcv hw
{]m]vt\mXn ]camw KXnav.
(a\p. A. 8 tmIw. 371; 372; 406; 419; 420)
1. B`nPmXyw, KpW Fnhbn A`n
am\nv KnjvTbmbn `mhns\ Dt]nv
hy`nNmcw sNphsf Poht\mSpIqSns
cmPmhp _lpP\kaw \nn \mbvtf
smv ISnnp sImtXmWv.
2. AXpt]mseXs, kzw ]Xv\nsb ]cn
XyPnv ]ckv{XokwKw sNpItbm thiym
kv{XoItfmSpIqSn kwKanpItbm sNp
]m]nbmb ]pcpjs\ P\fpsS apnshv
Npp]gpn Ccpp Inen InSn `kva
amnfbWw.
tNmZyw: cmPmthm cmntbm As
n \ymbm[n]Xntbm AbmfpsS `mcytbm
hy`nNmcmZn Zpjva sNbvXm Bc
hv in\Ipw?
Dcw: cmP k` Xs. Fp am {X a
Ahp \Ip in km[m cW {]P
IpXnt\m A[nIw Bbncnt
XmWv.
tNmZyw: cmPmhpw \ymbm[n]Xnbpw apw
cmPk` sImSpp insbn\wKoIcn
Ww?
Dcw: cmPmhpw ]pWymmhpw `mKyhm
\pamb a\pjy XsbmWv. cmPmhn\v in
\IpItbm in kzoIcnpItbm sNm
Xncpm aph Fn\p in kzoIcn
Ww? am{Xa, P\fpw {][m\ cmP]pcp
j mcpw cmP k `bpw IqSn [am \p k cWw
cmPmhns\ innm B{Klnp ]w
cmPmhv Hbv v F sN m \mWv ? C s\
sbmcp hyh Csn cmPmhpw {][m\n
Ifmb cmP]pcpjmcpw kaYmcmb ap
A[nIrXcpw A\ymbhnt[bcmbn \ymb[a
sf XIv P\ sf sbmw \mi n
tep \bn p Ibpw kzbw \in p Ibpw
sNpw. ""\ymbm \p kr X amb in bv mWv
cmPmhv Fpw [asapw ]dbpXv.'' Fp
app ]dnp tmImYw kvacnpI. B
ZWv U [a Xn Xn\p tem]w hcp p h t\
m \oN\mcmWv?
tNmZyw: Ccw ITn\amb in DNnX
a. Fsm tOZn AwKsf hopw
Dmphm\pw acnh\v Dbn \evIphm\pw
a\pjy\v kmyatm. AXn\m Ccw
in \evIphm ]mSn.
Dcw: Cu in ITn\sav hnNmcnp
h cmP\nXnmc. Fsm Hcp
a\pjys\ C{]Imcw innptm ap
hscmw ZpjvIrXy sNpXn \np
]nncnbpw. ZpcmNmcsf ]cnXyPnv [a
amn hnpw. hmkvXhn Cu
in kIe P\ p ambn hn` Pn m
Hmtcm cp s ]pw ISp In s\mw hcn .
in eLp hm bn cp m Zpjv {] hr n I
hfsc A[nIw Xgp hfcpw. AXn\m eLp
shv \nv tXmp in bmWv
Bbncw aSp ITn\w. AkwJyw P\
ZpjvIrXyw sNbvXm Ahsmw {]tXyIw
Aev]mev]sanepw in \evtIn hcpw.
AXns BsI pI CXn t\ m Xptew
A[nIambncnpw. AXpsImv AXv ITn\
hpamWv.
3. ZoLamKfnepw ISenSppIfnepw
\Zn I fnepw henb Pe c p I fnepw tZi
ssZLyhpw Imehpa\pkcnp Icw ISp
Iqen \nbnWw. almkap{Zn n]vX
amb Icw XpdWw \nbnpXp kmy
a . cmPm hn\pw IS en henb I ep I
125
sImpt]mIphpw em`w DmI
hw hyh sN Ww. A\y cm Py fn
tepw Zzo]mcfntepw I Ibdntm
Ip Xs P\ sf kh{ X cn v
bmsXmcp ZpxJhpw t\cn Sp hm \nS hcmsX
ImpsImWw.
4. cmPmhv Znhkhpw tPmen Xocptm B\,
IpXnc apXemb hml\, cXv\w apXemb
IpgnsSp J\nI, `WvUmcw Fnh
bnse hchpsNehp IWpI apXemh ]cn
tim [n Ww.
5. cmPmhv Cs\ kIe hyhlmcfpw
bYm hn[n \S p Ibpw \S n p Ibpw
sNbvXv kIe ]m]tfbpw ZqcoIcnv ]ca
amb tamkpJs {]m]npp.
tNmZyw: kwkvIrX `mjbnep cmP\oXn
]qWtam A]qWtam?
Dcw: ]qWamWv. `qtemIn {]Nm
cnepmbncphbpw {]Nmcn hcmhp
hbpamb kIe cmPyX{hpw kwkIrX
n \nv FSpXmWv. AXn kv]jvS
ambn ]d bm hnj b sf kw_ n v
{]Xylw temI Zr jv ssS imkv {X Zr
jvssS tlXp`nx (a\p. 8.3) GsXmw \nb
a cmPmhn\pw {]PIpw kpJ{]Zfpw
[am \p kr X fp ambn tXmp pthm
AsXmw sshZpjyw XnI hnZz\f
Snb. cmPk`bn \nntXmIpp.
Fm, C d bp hnj b fn Fpw
{]tXyIw {ishbvtXmWv: Ignbpn
Stmfw _meyhnhmls A\phZnmXn
cnWw. bu\nepw h[qhcmcpsS ]c
kv ]c {]oXn tbmSpIqSnb msX hnhmlw
sNpItbm sNnpItbm AcpXv. {_Ncyw
thhw A\pjvTnpIbpw A\pjvTnnp
Ibpw sNWw. hy`nNmchpw _lphnhmlhpw
\n em Ww, . A{] Imcw sNbv Xm
am{Xta icocn\pw Bmhn\pw ]qWamb
_ew kZm DmhpIbpq. B_es
am{Xw AXmbXp hnZy m\w Fnhsb
am{Xw hnnpIbpwicoc_ew hn
nmXncnpIbpw sNpXmbmepw _ehm
\mb Hcp ]pcpj m\nIfpw hnZzmmcp
amb At\ Im bncw P\ sf Pbn p hm
i \m bn cn pw. t\sc a dn v , ico c _ew
am{Xw hnnpIbpw B_ew hnn
m Xn cn p Ibpw sNbv Xm hnZym `ymkw
knnmXpsImv, ImtemNnXamb cmPy
] cn ]m e\w Hcn epw kmym am hp I bn .
cmPy ` c W n\v DNn X hy h sNbv Xn s
n \mpIm apgph\pw ]ckv]cw Ielnpw
Xn Xnbpw bpw sNbvXpw \inpt]m
Ipw. AXn\m icoc_ehpw B_ehpw
Hcpt]mse Fpw hnnpsImncnWw.
hy`nNmcw, hnjbkpJnep AXymkn
Fnhsbtmse _pntbbpw _etbpw
\innpXmb {]hrn thsdsbmpan.
{Xnb hntijnpw ZrVImbmcpw _e
hm mcpw Bbn cn WwXm\pw. Fs m
Ah Xs hnj bm k cm bv om
cmP[aw apgph\pw \inp t]mIpatm. bYm
cmPm XYm {]Pmx F a c N sNbv hq
amtemIcpatXhn[w FXpw kvacWobam
Wv . AXn \m cmPmhpw cmP ]p cp j mcpw
Zpjv{]hrnIsNmXncnpIbpw khYm
\ymbtmSpw [tmSpw IqSn hnv,
kIe P\ p w A`yp Z b ap m I
hw, BZiamb PohnXw \bnp
XmWv DNnXw.
cmP[ns Npcpnep hnhcWw
ChnsS FgpXn. thZ,a\pkvarXnbnse Ggv
Fv HXv Fo Aymb,ip{I\oXn,hn
Zq c {] Pm K c ]w, alm `m c X nse imn
]neSnb cmP[aw B]aw apX
emb {K t\mn Ahbnse hnkvXrX
hnh c W n \np cmP \o Xn bn ]qW
amb m\w kmZnv aWvUteizcttbm
km sùa\mb N{I hn bp tStbm ]Z
hnsb {]m]nWw. hbw {]Pm]tXx {]Pm
A`pa. (bPpx 18 29) bPpthZnepXmWv
Cu hN \w. \mw {]Pm ]XnbpsS, A Xm bXv
kthizcs, {]PI BIpp Fv, Adn
ncnWw. ]cammhv \psS cmPmhpw
\mw AhnSpt {]PIfpamWv. AhnSpv Xncp
hpw I\nv, \s AhnSps krjvSnbm
Ip cmPyn A[nImcnIfmbn \nbanv,
kXyw \ymbw Fo kz[as \psS
ssIsImp {]hnnpamdmIs.
ASp kap m k n Cuiz c, thZ
Fnh \ncq]Ww sNpXmWv.
{ioabm\kckzXokzmanIfm
cmP[asf hnhcnp
Bdmw kapmkw Ignp.
126
kXym{]Imiw Cuizc thZw
127
kXym{]Imiw Ggmw kapmkw
Cuizcs KpWhW\
1. EtNm Atc ]ctathyma\ykvan\v
tZhm A[n hntiz \n tjZpx; bkv XthZ
InarNm IcnjyXnbCZznZpkvX Cta kam
ktX.(E 1.164. 39)
2. Cuim hmkyanZMv kcvhw bXvIn
PKXymw PKXv; tX\ Xyt\ `pRvPoYmam
Kr[x Ikykzn\av. (bPp.40.1)
3. A lw `phw hkp\x ]qcv h kv ] Xn clw
[\m\n kw Pbman iizXx: amw lh]nXc
\ Pthmflw. Zmiptj hn`Pmant`mP\av.
4.Alant{m \ ]cmPnKy C\w \ arXy
thhX tIZmN\: tkmaanam kp\ztm
bmNXm hkq\ta. ]qchx kcptbcnjmY\
(E. 10.48.1.5)
5. AlwZmw KrWtX ]qcv hyw hkzlw
{_IrWhw alyw hcv[\av. Alw`phw
bPam\ky tNmZnXmfbPz\x kmn hnizm
kvan `tc.(E 10. 49.1)

1
1 EtNm Atc F a{ns AYw:
{_Ncym{iainbn

2
]dp Ign
p. ChnsSbpw `mjmt`ZtmsS Ah Znhy
amb KpWIa kz`mhsfmapXpw kIe
hnZzmmcpw `qan kqcy apXemb kIe temI
fpw {]XnjvTnsXpw. BImiw t]mse
Fpw \ndp hnpXpw, tZhmcp
sSbpw tZh\mb B kthizcs\ Bcm
dnbpIbpw Bcm[npIbpw, [ym\npIbpw
sNm a\pjy \mkvXnIcpw a_pnIfpw
ZpxJkmKcn ]Xnp InSphcpat{X.
B kthizcs\ AdnbpXpsImpam{Xta
a\pjy\v kZm kpJw e`nq.
thZn At\Iw Cuizcmtcm?
tNmZyw: thZn At\Iw Cuizcm
Dv . CXv \n AwKo I cn p pthm
Ctbm?
Dcw: AwKoIcnpn. Fsm
\mepthZfnsemcnSpw As\ ]dn
n Fpam{Xa Hcp Cuizct\ Dsv ]d
npapv.
tNmZyw: thZfn At\ItZhXIsf
n ]dnpXns Xmev]cysamWv?
Dcw: ]rYnhn apXembhbvv ZnhyKpW
fpXpsImmWv tZhXIsfp ]dbp
Xv. Fm Ch Cuizc\msWtm, D]mk
\m tbm Ky am sWtm AwKo I cn n n . Cu
a{n Xs ""GsXmcph\n kIe tZh
7
Ggmw kapmkw
kXymY{]Imiw
Cuizc thZw
AY Cuizc thZhnjb {]hymax
C\n Cuizc, thZw Fo hnjb hymJm\npp.
1. t]Pv 118.
2. Cu a{w kXymY{]Imiw aqenen. AYw
sImSpnpXpsImv ChnsS a{hpw tNXm
Wv.
128
XIfpw nXnsNppthm Ahs\bt{X
AdntbXpw D]mkntXpw.'' Fp ]d
npXp t\mpI. tZh Fp tIm
Cuizc Fp {KlnpXp sXmWv. tZh
mcptSbpwIqSn tZh\mbXpsImmWv kth
iz cs\ alm tZ h s\p ]d bp Xv . kIe
temIfpsSbpw krjvSnnXnkwlmc
\Sph\pw \ymbm[oi\pw A[n]Xnbpw
Atlw Xs. ""{Xb kv {Xnwi {Xn i Xm''
CXymZn {]amWw thZfnteXp XsbmWv
iX]Y {_mWn CXns hymJym\w
t\mpI. ""apnaqp tZhXI Cu IW
\pkcnmWv]rYnhn, Pew, An, hmbp,
BIm iw, N{, kqcy, \ {X
Fnh krjvSnbpsS hmkm\amIbm
Fp hkp fm Wv . {]mW, A]m \,
hym\, DZm\, kam\, \mK, Iq,
IrIe, tZhZ, [\RvPb, Pohmm
hv, Fo ]Xns\mp cp{Zmcpw icocs
XyPnp t]mIptm tcmZ\w sNnph
cmWv. AXn\m cp{Zmscp ]dbpp. kwh
c nse ]{p amk Fm h cp
sSbpw Bbpns\ A]lcnpXpsImv
ZzmZimZnXym Fp ]dbpp. ]caamb
sFiz cy n \p ImcWw an em I bm
AXns\ C{ Fp ]dbpp. hmbp, ag,
shw, Huj[nI Fnhsb ipoIcnp
Xn \mepw hnZz \ fpsS kXv Imcw
At\I hn[ n ep inev ] hn Zy I fpsS
{]Nmcw Fnhbmepw {]PIsf ]menp
XpsImpw bn\pw {]Pm]Xn Fv ]d
bp p. C d ap n aqpw ap] d
KpWfpXn\m tZhXIfmWv. ChbpsS
sbmw A[n]Xnbpw Fmnt\mfpw _rl
p amb kth iz c ap n \m em as
tZh\pw Fmhpw D]mky\pamWv. Fp
iX]Y{_mWn ]Xn\memw ImWvU
n kv]jvSambn ]dnpv. Cd
imkv { X t\mn bm thZ fn
At\Iw Cuiz c m sc n ]d n p s
sXns hebn IpSpmXncnmw.
2. Atbm a\pjym Cu krjv Sn bn
ImWp kIe NcmNcfnepw hym]nncpv
kh\nbmhmbn hnfph\mWv Cuiz
c. Atls `bv \o ]c[\w A\ymb
ambn B{ K ln m Xn cn p I. A\ymbw
shSnv \ymbmNcWamIp [atmSpIqSn
Ah\hs Bmhn canv B\a\p`hn
psImncnpI.
3. Cuizc Fmhscbpw D]tZinpp:
am\ htc! Rm Cuiz c\pw as m h tc
mfpw hepaph\pw, kIePKnsbpw
A[n]Xnbpw BIpp. PKns aqeImcWw
Rm\mIpp. khkpItfbpw Pbnp
kzm[o \ s Sp p Xpw Zm\w \Ip Xpw
Rm Xs bm Wv . kIe Poh Pm e fpw
Fs ]p{X m ]nXm hn s\ sb t]mse
Xs hnNm cnp hnfn s. Fm hpw
kuJyw \Ip PKn\pthn, \m\mXcw
Blm c sf hn` Pnv ]cn ]m e \ n \mbn
Rm \Inbncnpp.
4. ]cssaizcyhm\mb Rm kqcyXpeyw
kIetemItfbpw {]IminnpsImncn
ph\mWv. Rm Hcnepw ]cmPbsSp
Ibn. acnpIbpw C. temIamIp [\
ns krjvSmhv Rm Xs. kIe PKn
sbpw {kjvSnImhpw Rm Xs F
dnbpI. am\htc! sFizcye_v[nmbn {]b
Xv \n p \n sf m hcpw hnm \mZn
[\s FtmSpXs At]np hmp
hn. Fs ssa{Xnsb \n Hcn epw
ssIshSnbcpXv.
5. kXyambn kvXpXnp a\pjy\v Rm
k\mX\amb hnm\kp \Ipp.
{_sap IqSn t]cp thZs shfnhm
nbh Rm Xs. B thZ hgnbmw
hw shfnhmp s]mcpfpw Rm Xs.
thZ n eqsS Fm h cp sSbpw m\s
hnnpXpw Rm XsbmWv. k
\sf {]hnnppw b sNp
hp êw \IpXpw Rm\mIpp. Cu
hniznepsXmw ImcyhkvXpsfsbmw
krjvSnv [mcWw sNpXpw Rm Xs.
AXn\m \n Fs hnv asmnt\bpw
F\np ]Icw ]qPncpXv, am\ncpXv, Adn
bcpXv.
lnc Wy Kcv `x ka hcv Xmt{K `qXky
PmXx]XntcI BkoX;v kZm[mc ]rYnhow
ZymaptXamw IkvssatZhmb lhnjm hnt[a
(bPp. 13.4)
129
bPpthZnep a{amWnXv: Atbm
a\pjytc! krjvSnpapv tXtPmabfmb
kqcymZn kIe temI fp sSbpw Dev n
m\hpw B[mchpambncpXpw, CXn\papp
DmbnpXpw Ctm DffXpw C\nta
DmIpXpamb kIe ]ZmfpsSbpw
bPam\\mbXpw, BIpXpw GsXmcpht\m
Ah `qtemIw apX kqcytemIw hscbp
krjvSnapgph\pw \nnp cnp hnp
p. B\ kz cq ] \mb B ]c am m hn
Rsftmse \nfpw `nbpffhcmIpI.
tNmZyw: "Cuizc' "Cuizc' Fn
s\ \n ]d bp p tm. Fm
Cuiz c \p sp sXfn bn p hm Ign
bptam?
Dcw: {]XymZnbmb Fm {]amW
sfsmpw sXfnbnmw.
tNmZyw: Cuizc\pspXn\v {]Xy
mZn {]amWsfmpw Hcnepw sXfn
hmIpntm?
Dcw: C{nbmcvY knItjmXv]w
m\ ahy]tZiyahy`nNmcn hyhkmbm
Iw {]Xyav (\ymbw. 1.4)
KuX a a ljn bpsS \ymb Zi \ nse
Hcp kq{XamWnXv. sNhn, aqv, Xzv, Iv,
\mv, a\v Fnhbvv i_vZw, kv]iw,
Kw, cq]w, ckw, kpJZpx J Fo
kXymkXyhnjbtfmSv kw_w sImp
mIp m\tbmWv {]Xyw Fp
]dbpXv. Fm AXp sXmbncncpXv.
ChnsS Ipdsmp NnntXpv: C{n
b a\tmSpIqSn tNcptm KpW
am{Xta {]XyamIppq. KpWn {]Xy
amIpn. Xzv, Iv, \mv, aqv Fo C{n
bsfsmpw kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw
Fo \mep KpWfpsS m\amWv Dm
IpXv. AXphgn KpWnbmb ]rYhn Bm
hn t\m Sp IqSn kwbp am bn p a\ n
{]Xyo`hnpp. AXpt]mse CmWp
krjvSnbpsS cN\mhntijmZn m\m{ib
fmb KpW {]XyamIptm PKZo
iz c\pw {]Xyo ` hn p p. Bmhp a\
ns\ t{]cnnpIbpw a\v C{nbsf
GsXnepw Hcp hnjbtmSp IqSn kwtbm
PnnpIbpw sNptm Asn a\pw
C{nbfpw tamjWw apXemb Zpjv{]hrn
Itfm ]tcm]Imcw XpSnb kXvIrXytfm
sNphm Bcw`nptmPohmmhnep
C m\w apXemb KpW B A`ne
jnX hnjbntep sNpp. AtX W
n Xs Bmhns A`mKn
No sNp Xn `bw, kwibw, e
Fnhbpw kXvIrXyw sNpXn ss[cyw
kwibcmlnXyw. ktmjw, Dmlw, Fn
hbpw DmIpp. CXp Pohmmhn \n
. ]cammhn \nmWpmIpXv . IqSmsX
Pohm mhp ]cn ip ambn ]c am m hns\
[ym\nptm AXn\p Pohmmhpw ]cam
mhpw {]XyamIpp. {]XyamIps
n A\pam\mZnIsImv Cuizcm\w
Dm Ip sa Xn kwi b sa mWv ? Imcyw
InmWtm ImcWs A\pam\npXv.
Cuizcs hym]IXzw
tNmZyw: Cuizc Fpw hym]nncnp
pthm HcnSp hknppthm?
Dcw: Fpw hym]nncnpp. HcnSp
am{Xw nXnsNppshn khmbm
an bpw, k \pw, kh \n b mhpw ,
{kjv Sm hpw, kwc I \pw, kwlm c I\pw
Bbncnphm km[npX. Imhns
kmnyw CmbnSv {Inbbpan.
Zbmephpw \ymbImcnbpw
tNmZyw: Cuizc Zbmephpw \ymbIm
cnbpamtWm?
Dcw: AtX.
tNmZyw: Cd cp KpWfpw ]c
kv ] c hn cp fm Wv . \ymbw \S p
]w Zbbpw Zb ImWn p ]w
\ymbhpw Dt]ntn hcpw. \ymbsap
]dbpXp If\pkcnv Gpdhp
I IqSmsX kpJZpxJsf \IpIbmIp
p. Ipw sNbvXhs\ innmsX hnb
bvpXns\bmWp Zb Fp ]dbpXv.
\ymbhpw Zbbpw
Dcw: \ymbw. Zb Fnhbvp Xn
\maam{Xt`Ztabpq. \ymbw sImp knn
p {]tbmP\w XsbmWp ZbsImpw
130
e`npXv. a\pjy Ipw sNpXn \np
]nhenbpIbpw ZpxJa\p`hnmXncnpIbpw
sNpXn\mWv in \IpXv. aph
cpsS ZpxJsf ZqcoIcnpXns\bmWv Zb
sbp ]dbpXv. Zb, \ymbw Fnhbvv
\n ]d Aw icnb. Fsm
GXp Zpjv Iw Hcp h F{ X tmfw
sNbvXpthm Ah\v AXn\p Xhw in
\evIWw. AXmWv \ymbw. Ipw sNbvXh\p
in \Ipnsn ZbbnmXmhpw, Ip
mc\mb Is\ innmsX hnm AXv
At\Imbncw kXv]pcpjmv D]{ZhamIpw.
Hcphs\ innmsX hnbpXpsImv
At\ Im bncw P\ p ZpxJw t\cn Sp sa
n AsXs\ ZbbmIpw? B Is\ XS
hnenp ]m]Iafn \npw AIn \np
Xp sImv Is t\tcbpw Ahs\
sImp I f bp Xp sImv ap At\ Im
bncw BfpIfpsS t\scbpw Zb ImWnpp.
tNmZyw: ]nssbn\v \ymbw, Zb Fo
cp hmpI Dmbn? B cp hmp
I fp sSbpw AYw Hp X s bm sW n
cp hmpI shdpsXbmWtm. Hcp ]Zw
am{Xw DmbncnpXmWp \Xv. A
s\bmXn\m ZbbpsSbpw \ymbn
sbpw {]tbmP\w Hsp a\nemIp
p.
Dcw: Htc AYs t_m[nnp
At\Iw hmpIfpw Htc hmn\p At\Iw
AYfpw DmImdnt?
tNmZyw: Dv?
Dcw: ]ns FpsImmWv \nv
kwibapmbXv?
tNmZyw: temIn As\ ]dp
tIpXpsImpXs?
Dcw: temIn kXyhpw AkXyhpw
]d bp Xv A s\ ] dp tImw.
Fm Ahsb ]cntim[np \nWbnt
Xv Ah\hs ISabmIpp. kIe Pohn
I fp sSbpw Pohn tXm tiw km[n p Xn\v
temI n ep kakv X hkv Xp sfbpw
krjvSnp \evInbncnpXv Cuizcs Zb
bmWv. CXnep]cn almb Zb GXmWv?
GpdhpItfmSpIqSnb kpJZpxJhyh
\ymbês {]XysSppp. \ymbw,
Zb Ch cn\pw Xnep t`Zw C{Xam{X
am Wv . Fm hpw kpJ ap m IWsapw
ZpxJ \o W sapw C P \n p Ibpw
AXn\\pkcnp {]hnpIbpw sNp
Xns\ Zbsbpw _mlytNjvSIsf_\w
h[w apXemb inIsf\ymbw Fpw ]d
bpp. Fmhscbpw ]m]n \npw ZpxJ
fn \npw ths]SppI FXpXs
bmWv cnsbpw {]tbmP\w.
\ncmImct\m kmImct\m
{]iv\w: Cuizc kmImct\m \ncmIm
cmt\m ?
Dcw: \ncmImc. kmImc\msWn
hym]I\mhpIbn. hym]I\sn kh
Xzw apXehmb KpW Cuizc\p tNcp
Ibn. ]cnanX hkvXphnep KpWIakz
`m h fpw ]cn an X am bn cn p a tm. IqSmsX
Cuiz c kmIm c \m sW n iotXm jv W
hnipw Zmlhpw, tcmK, tZmj,
tOZ\w, t`Z\w apXemb {InbI Fnh
sbmpw Gmh\mbncnpIbn. AXn
\m Cuizc \ncmImc XsbmWv. Cuiz
c kmImc\msWn Cuizcs Iv, aqv,
sNhn apX emb Ah b h \nn p
thsdm cp h Dm bn cn Ww. kwtbmKw
sImpmIp hkvXpsf kwtbmPnnp
hm kmIm c\pw tNX \\pamb Hcp h
thWw. Cuizc kzw CsImp kzico
cs kzbw krjvSnpIbmWp sNbvXsXp
]dmepw icoc\namWn\p app \ncm
Imc\mbncppshp knnpp. AXn\m
]c am mhv Hcn epw icocw [cn p n .
\ncm Im c \m bn cpv kIe PK n t\bpw
kqv a Im c W fn \nv qe cq ]s
{]m]nptXbpq.
khi
tNmZyw: Cuiz c kh i \mtWm
Atbm?
Dcw: khi\mWv. Fm kh
inam F ]Zn\p \n [cnphn
p AYan. khinam FXns
AYw CXmWv: Cuizc\v Xs Ihy
amb krjvSnnXnkwlmc \nhlnp
131
Xn\pw kIe PohmmfpsSbpw ]pWy
]m ] hy h bYm tbmKyw \S p Xn\pw
Hpw ]cklmbw th. Afhnm kzkm
aYyw sImp Xs khIafpw, \nh
lnpp FYw.
tNmZyw: Xtm hepXmbn amcpw
Cm Xp sImv Cuiz c Xnjv Sw
t]mse {]hnpsav R hnNmcn
pp.
Dcw: Cuizc\v FnemWv CbpXv?
Fmnepw Cbpspw Fpw sNphm
i \m sWpw \n ]d bp ]w
kzbw\inphm\pw, At\Iw Cuizcmsc
krjv Sn p hm \pw, kzbw aqV \m bn o cp
hm\pw tamjWw apX emb ]m] I
sNm\pw ZpxJnX\mIphm\pw Ignbptam? C
d {]hrnIsfmw Cuizcs KpWIa
kz`mhp hncpfmsWp ]dbpI
bmsWn, Cuizc\v Fm Iafpw sNp
hm km[npsap \n ]dXpw icn
bmhpn. AXn\m khinam F
]Zn\p Rm ]d AYw XsbmWp
icn.
A\mZn
tNmZyw: Cuizc BZnbpht\m A\m
Zntbm?
Dcw: A\mZn. ImcWhpw ]qhImehpw
Cm Xn s\ A\mZn Fp ]d bp p.
CsXmw {]Y tam m k n ]dp Ign
p. AsXmw AhnsS t\mn a\nemp
I.
tNmZyw: Cuizcs C FmWv?
Dcw: Fmhpw tahpw kpJhpw
Dm I W sa mWv Cuiz c Cn p Xv .
]m]w sNm Hcpht\bpw Cuizc tkz
bm asmcphs ASnabmpIbn.
tNmZyw: Cuiz cs\ kv XpXn p Ibpw
{ ]mn p Ibp w D]m kn p Ibp w
sNtWm thtbm?
Dcw: sNWw.
tNmZyw: kvXpXnpIbpw apw sNp
hsc Cuizc Xs \nbaw hnv ]m]n
\np tamNnnptam?
Dcw: C.
tNmZyw: ]nsn\mWv kvXpXnpXpw
{]mn p Xpw?
Dcw: AXns êw asmmWv.
tNmZyw: AsXmWv?
kvXpXnt`Z
Dcw: Cuiz c ep m Ip kv t\lw
Cuizcs KpWIakz`mhfn \nv Ah
\hs KpWIakz`mhpmImhp
kwkvImcw FnhbmWv kvXpXnbpsS êw.
{]mY\ sImv A`nam\anmbva, Dmlw,
klmbw Fnh e`npp. ]c{_ns
kmmmchpw kmbqPyknnbpamWv D]m
k\bpsS êw.
tNmZyw: CsXmv hyambn ]dpX
cWw?
Dcw: CuizckvXpXn CXmWv: k ]cy
Kmp{IaImba{hWakv\mhncMv ipa]m
]hnav Ihocva\ojn ]cn`qx kzbw`qcymYm
XytXmcvYm hrZ[mmizXo`yx kam`yx (b
Pp. 40. 8)
khhym]nbpw. io{LImcnbpw, A\_
ehm\pw, ipkzcq]\pw kh\pw, km
cymanbpw kthm]cntim`nph\pw k\m
X\\pw kzbw`qhpamb Cuizc k\mX\cpw
A\mZnIfpamb PohmmfmIp Xs {]P
Ip k\m X \ amb thZ hnZy D] tZ inv
Bhiyamb ]ZmYm\w DfhmnsmSp
pp. Cuizcs\ Hmtcmtcm KpWtfmSp
IqSnbh\mbn kev]nv sNp kvXpXnbm
Ibm CXv kKpWkvXpXnbmWv. ]cammhv
Hcnepw PsaSppItbm icocw [cnp
Itbm sNp n . On{Z sfm p an m
Cuizc \mUnRcpIfm _nX\mhp
n. Hcnepw ]m] sNpn. ti
fpw ZpxJfpw Am\hpw DmIpn
. Fns\ cmKtZzjmZnIfmb Hmtcm KpW
fn \nv AIp \nevpp Fp k
ev]nv sNp CuizckvXpXn \nKpWkvXp
XnbmIpp. Cuizc\n GsXmw KpWIa
kz `m h fp Xmbn k ev ]n p pthm
AXmXv KpWIakz`mhsf Ah\h\n
]IpXmWv Cu kvXpXnbpsS {]tbmP
132
\w. Atlw Fs\ \ymb hn [m Xm hm Ip
pthm As\ Xm\pw \ymbhn[mXmhmI
Ww. kvXpXn]mTIs\tmse ]ctaizcs
KpWsf shdptX ]pIgvnmSnsmncn
pIbpw kzw {]hrnIsf ]cnjvcnm
XncnpIbpw sNphs kvXpXn shdpsX
bmWv.
1. bmw ta[mw tZh KWmw ]n X c
tm]mktX; Xbm amaZyta[bmtta[m
hn\wIpcp kzmlm. (bPp. 32 14)
2. tXtPmfkn tXmtPmabnt[ln; hocyakn
hocyw abnt[ln; _eakn _ew abn t[ln
HmtPmftkymtPm abn t[ln; a\ypckn a\ypw
abn t[ln; ktlmfkn ktlm abn t[ln.
(bPp. 19. 9)
3. bm{KtXm ZqcapssZXn ssZhw XZp
kp ]v Xky XssY sshXn Zq c Mv Kaw
tPymXnjmw tPymXntcIw Xt a\x inh
kev]akvXp.
4. tb\ Icv am Wy ]tkm a\o jntWm
.bt IrWzn hnZ tYjp [ocmx; bZ
]qcv hw b ax {]Pm\mw Xt a\x
inhkev]akvXp.
5. bXv {]m\apX tNtXm [rXnivN
btym Xn c c arXw {]Pmkp bkv am
EtX InwN\ Icva {InbtX Xt a\x inh
kev]akvXp.
6. tbt\Zw `qXw `ph\w `hnjyXv ]cnKr
loXaartX\ kcvhav;tb\ bkvXmbtX
k]vXtlmXmXta\x inhkev]akvXp.
7. bkvanrN kma bPqMv jobkvan
{]Xn jv TnXm cY\m`mhn hmcmx; bkv anw
nMv kcv h tamXw {]Pm\mw Xt a\x
inhk ev]akvXp.
8. kpjm c Yn c izm \nh b \p jymt
\obtXfòip`ncvhmPn\ Ch; lrXv {]XnjvTw
bZPncw PhnjvTw Xt a\x inhkev]
akvXp (bPp. 34. 1. 6).
1. tl At{]Imikzcq]\mb kth
iz cm Ahn Spv Zbhp sNbv Xv , GsXmcp
_pn tb bmtWm hnZzm mcpw m\n Ifpw
tbmKnIfpw D]mknpXv, B _pn \evIn
Rsf _pnammcmnbmepw!
2. `Kh! AhnSpp{]Imicq]nbmIpp.
ZbhpsNbvXv Fnepw {]Imis {]XnjvTn
mepw. AhSnv Afh ]cm{Iaaph\mWv,
Ir]sNbvXv Fnepw ]cm{Iaapfhmnbmepw.
AhnSpv Afh _eaph\mWv. Fnepw
_ew ]Im epw. Ahn Spv A\ amb
kmayaph\mWv, F\npw ]qWkm
aYyw \Inbmepw, AhnSpv ZpjvSIa
fpsSt\scbpw Zpjv S P \ fpsS t\scbpw
t{Im[tmSpIqSnbh\mWv. Fsbpw A{]
Imcaph\mnbmepw, AhnSpv \nmkvXp
Xn I tfbpw Xtm Sp A] cm [ tfbpw
anph\mWv. Zbhp sNbvXv Ftbpw
A{]ImcamtW.
3. Zbm\nt[! \nncphSnbpsS IcpWsImv
Fs a\v Pm{K Z h bn hfsc Zqc
tp t]mIp p, Znhy Kp W bp ambn
nXnsNpIbpw sNpp. B a\p Xs
Rm Ddptm kpjp]vXnsb {]m]np
p. kz]v\mhbn AtX a\v Zqsc sNp
Xpt]mse hyhlcnpp. Fm {]IminX
hkvXpsfbpw {]Iminnp Fs a\v
inhkev]X\npw aphpw \bm
{KlnpXvbpamIs. Bpw lm\n
hccpsXv B{KlnpXmIs.
4. khmcymao! Ia\ncXcmb, ss[cy
hmmcmb hnZzmm bbpmZnIfn Ia
a\pjvTnpXn\p ImcWhpw A]qhamb
kmaYyns CcnnShpw ]qP\obhpw {]P
IfpsS AIta hnpXpw Bb Fs
a\v [am N c W n C bp Xp w
A[as khYm XyPnpXpamIs.
5. DIrjvSm\ kzcq]hpw, aphv
m\{]Zamb \nbmIhrnbpw P\Xm
cwKn {]Imiw sNmcnv \miclnX
ambn \nevpXpw AXns klmbsat\y
Bpw Hpw sNm km[n m Xpw
Bb Fs a\v kZvKpWfnnpXpw
ZpKpWfn \np thdnXpamIs.
6. PKZoizcm! tbmKnI `qX, `hnjyXv,
ham\ Imcy Adnbm\p]tbmKnp
\mianm Pohmmhns\ ]cammhnt\mSp
tNv {XnImem\apXmp PvRm\w
Iaw Fn hbv v B{ i b amb Ap
mt\{nb Bmhv _pn Fnh
tbmSp tNn cn p tbmK am Ip
133
bPvRs hnnp Fs a\v tbmK
hn m \ bp hpw Ahn ZymZn ti fn
\nv AIXpamIs.
7. ]cahnZzm\mb ]ctaizc! AbpsS Ir]
bm, cYN{Ins a[yn \nv Bcm
epI t]mse EtKzZw, bPpthZw, kmath
Zw, AYhthZw Fo \mep thZfpw {]Xn
jvTnXamb kh\pw khym]nbpw P\
k b n s kmn bp w Nn n \v
ssNX\yw \evIph\pamb ]cammhns
m\apZnp Fs a\v AhnZysb \in
nv m\bpamIs.
8. kh\nbmhmb ]ctaizc! kmcYn
ISnm sImv IpXncIsf \nb{np
Xpt]mse a\pjysc t\cmwhw \Sp
Xpw lrZ b n {]Xn jv Tn Xhpw hfsc
thKapXpamb Fs a\v Fm C{nb
sfbpw A[amNcWn \nIn kZm
[a\ncXamIhw Av Ir]m\p{Klw
sNmcnbWw.
At \b kp ]YmcmtbfAkv am
hnizm\n tZh hbp\m\n hnZzm; bptbm[y
kvaqlpcmWtat\m `qbnjvTmw tX \a f
Dnw hnt[a. (bPp. 40 aw. 16)
kpJZmXmhpw kz{]Imi kzcq]\pw kh
\p amb ]c ta iz c Av Rv
t{ijvTamb amn IqSn kqWamb
m\apfhmnbmepw. Rfnse ]m]mN
cWamIp IpSneams Rfn\nv
AInfmepw. \nncphSn Rsf ]cn
ipcmtW! AXnmbn R hfsc hn\
btmSpIqSn Asb Dffgnp {]mn
pp.
amt\m almapX am t\mfAcvÌw am\
DapX am \ DnXav; am t\m h[ox
]nXcw tamXamXcw am\x {]nbmkv Xt\zm cp{Z
cocnjx (bPp. 16. 15)
cp{Z! ZpjvSm sNp ]m]n\v ZpxJ
êw \ev In Ahsc tcmZ\w sNn p
Cuizc! Av Rfn sNdnbhtcbpw hen
b h tcbpw K` tcbpw amXm ]n Xm m
scbpw {]nb_pP\sfbpw AhcpsS ico
c sfbpw \in n m t{]cn n cp tX.
inbv v Al cm Imh ap amK
n Rsf \bnmepw.
AktXm am kZv Kab; Xatkm am
tPymXncv Kab; artXmcv amf arXw KatbXn
(iX]Yw. 14. 3. 1. 30)
]ca Kp cp hmb kth izcm! Ahn Spp
Rsf Zpamfn \nv AIn kmK
ntep \Snbmepw. AhnZybmIp Iqcn
cp ns\ amn hnm \ am Ip {]Im is
ImWnp Xmepw. arXyphmIp tcmKn
\np tamNnnp tam nep B\cq]
amb Aar Xs {]m]n n m epw. GtXXp
tZmjfn \ntm ZpKpWn \ntm,
Cuizc\pw XmXsbpw AIv \np
Xmbn Nnnv Cuizc{]m\ sNppthm
Ahbnse hn[nbpw \ntj[fpw B {]m
\sb kKpWtam \nKpWtam Bb {]m
\bmpp. {]mnp hnjbn\v A\p
k cnv {]hn p Ibpw thWw. A\\y
km[m c W amb _pnin Inp hm \mbn
Cuizcs\ {]mnpbm AXn\p thn
IgnbpnStmfw {]bXv\npIbpw thWw.
Ign bp {X {]b Xv \n Xn \p tijw am{Xta
{]mnmhq FYw.
Fs\ {]mncpXv?
""Cuizcm AhnSpv Fs i{Xpsf \in
ntWta. Fs asmhscmfpw henb
h\mtWta. F\np am{Xta A[nImcw e`n
mhq. asmhcpw Fs ASnaIfmbnoc
Ww.'' Fnt\bpw apw Hcnepw {]mn
cpXv. Cuizc AXp ssIsmpIbn.
cp i{Xp fpw At\ym\yw \in n p
Xn\p {]mn m Cuiz c Ccp h scbpw
\innp Ifbptam? A[nIw `nbphs
{]m\ k^ e am tI XmWv Fp ]d
m `n Ipdhs i{Xphn\pw Aev]w
kz ev ]w \miw kw` hn tXm sW p
hpIq Spw. Cs\ aqV {]m\ sNbv Xv
""Cuizcm Av tNm'dv Dmn Rsf `pPn
n m epw! Fs hosSmv ASn p X fnp
Xmepw! hkv {X Ae n mepw!
Irjn{]hrnIqSn \Snmepw'' Fsm
sbpw {]mn t mw. Cs\ Fmw
Cuiz c \n te ev ]nv Ae k cm bn cn p h
almaqVmcmWv. ]pcpjmw sNWsa
134
Cuiz cm ewLnp \S p hv Hcn
epw kpJw DmhpIbn. t\mpI:
Ipcv t thl Icv amWn PnPn hn tj
XMvkamx (bPp. 40. 2)
""Cuizc Bm]npp a\pjy \qdp
kwhcw AYhm PohnncnpnStmfw
Imew Iaw sNbvXpsImp Xs Pohnncn
phm CnWw. Hcnepw Aek\mIcp
Xv. CuizckrjvSnbn tNX\fpw AtNX
\ fp ambn F{X hkv Xp fptm Ah
sbmw AXmXns Ia sNbvXpsImp
XsbmWncnpXv. Ddppw apw kZm {]b
Xv\npp. `qtKmfmZn {Kl kZm Xncn
p sIm n cn p p. ac apX em bh
hfp hnpIbpw bnpt]mIpIbpw
sNbvXpsImncnpp. Cu ZrjvSm
a\pjyp ]mTamIWw. ]cn{ianphsc
aph klmbnpXpt]mse [am\pkr
Xambn {]bXv\nphsc Cuizc klm
bnpp. ]cn{iaioe\mbnp a\pjys\
am{Xta `rXy\mbn \nbanmdpq. aSnb\m
bn p hs\ \nb an m dn . Ip h\pw
Imm B{K lap h \p amb a\p jy\p
am{Xta ImWnpsImSpmdpq. Amp
ImWn p sIm Sp pI ]Xn hn . AXp t]mse
Xs Fm h cp tSbpw D] Im c n \mbn
{]m\ sNp tm am{Xta Cuiz c
klmbnq. lm\nIcamb Iafn klm
bnpIbn. ic am[qcyapXmWv Fp
]dpsImncnph\v ic Inpn.
Ah AXns kzmZdnbppan. {]bXv\np
h\v thKtam Aev]w sshIntbm ic
Inpw.
D]mk\
aqmatXv D]mk\bmWv
kam [n \ncv [q X a eky tNXtkm hnt h
inX kym\n bpJw `thXv; \ iIytX
hcv W boXpw Kncm XZm kzb Zx Ic
tW\ KrlytX.
CXv D]\njnep hN\amWv.

3
Ahn
ZymZnIfmb at\maesfmw kam[ntbmKw
sImp \innp, B\mbncpv a\
ns\ ]cammhn {]Iminnnpbmfn\v
]c am kw kw sImp m Ip B\
s hnhcnm\mhpIbn. Fsm B
B\s Pohmmhv AXns AxIcWw
sImv A\p`hnpIbmWp sNpXv. D]m
k\ F i_vZn\p kao]\mbncnpI
FYamWv. AjvSmwK tbmKm ]cam
m hn kao ] hn bm Im\pw kh hym
]nbpw khmcymanbpambn kmmXvcn
m\pw sNtXmb Iasfmw sNt
XmWv.
X{XmlnwkmkXymkvtXb {_Ncym ]
cn{Klm bamx. (tbm. Z. km ]m. 30)
CXymZn kq{X ]mXRvPetbmKim
kv{XnepXmIpp. D]mk\bmcw`np
bm sNbvXpXpStXv CdbphbmWv:
BtcmSpw sshc`mhw ]mSn. FmhtcmSpw
Fm bv tmgpw {]oXn tbmsS; s]cp am d Ww.
kXyw ]dbWw AkXyw Hcnepw ]dbcpXv;
tamjvSncpXv, kXyhm\pw PntX{nb\pambn
cn Ww. kpJm k t\m Zpc `n am \ntbm
BbncncpXv; Almcw ]mSn. Cd
Apba tNXmWv D]mk\mtbmK
ns Hmas AwKw.
iuNktmjX]x kzm[ymtbizc{]Wn
[m\m\n \nbamx (tbm Z. km. ]m. 32)
cmK tZz jm Zn Isf ]cn Xy Pnv AI tabpw
PemZnIfp]tbmKnv ]pdtabpw ip\mIWw.
[a hn t[ b amb {]b Xv \ n em` n
ktmjtam \jv Sn ZpxJtam DmIcp
Xv. {]kXtbmsS, AekX shSnv kZm
]cn {i an Ww. Ftmgpw kpJ Zpx J sf
klnv [aw am{Xw sNWw. A[aw sN
cpXv. kXyimkv{X ]TnpIbpw ]Tnn
pIbpw sNWw. kwKw sNWw. Cuiz
c\maamb Hmw AYhnNmctmsS \ntXy\
P]n Ww. Cuiz cm bv \p Iq e ambn
B k aWw sN Ww. Cu Ap hn[
\nba tNm D]mk\mtbmKns
cmas AwKw Fp ]dbpp. CXn\pti
j ap Bdw K tbmK im kv {X ntem
EtKzZmZn `mjy`qanI

4
bntem t\mn {Kln
pI.
3 ssa{XmbWyp]\njv 4.49 2)
4 thZ]cyS\w.
135
D]m k \bv v C bp tm ip amb
GIm m \p sNv Bk \ \mbn
{]mWmbmaw sNbvXv C{nbsf _mlyhn
jbfn \np XSv a\ns\ s]mn
`mKtm, lrZbntem, IWvTntem, t\{X
fntem, Dnbntem ]rjvT`mKn \sv
Ahkm\npnStm

5
Ddnp \nn,
B]cam hnthN\w sNbvXv ]camm
hn a\mbn kwbanbmIWw. Cu km[\
I A\pjvTnpbmfns Bmhpw Ax
I c Whpw AXyw ]cn ip hpw kXy k
qWhpw Bbn ]cn W an p p. Abm
Xs m\ hn m \ sf \mtXmdpw
hnnv tamw t\Spp. Znhknep
Fp bmafn Hcp \mgnIsbnepw [ym\n
ph DXnsb {]m]npp.
kKpW\nKpW D]mk\
khXzmZn KpWbp Fp k
ev]nv D]mk\ sNpXp kKptWm]mk
\bpw tZzjw, cq]w, ckw, Kw, kv]iw apX
emb KpWsfmpanmsXp kev]nv
AXn kq v a amb Bm hn AIpw
]pdpw Fpw \ndncnp ]camm
hn nXn sNpXv \nKptWm]mk\bpw
BIpp. Cu D]mk\bpsS êw C\n ]d
bmw.: XWp p hn d Hcp h\v An bpsS
kmao]yw sImv ssiXyw ian p Xp
t]mse Cuizcs kmnyw sImv Pohm
mhns kIetZmjfpw ZpxJfpw \in
pt]mhpIbpw KpWIakz`mh ]camm
hns KpWIakz`mhsftmse ]cnip
fmhpIbpw sNpp. AXn\m Cuizchn
j b I amb kv XpXn, {]m \, D]m k\
Fnh \nbambpw A\pjvTnWw. D]m
k\bpsS êw kvXpXn {]m\IfpsS ê
n\np `namWv. ZpxJ t\cnSp ka
bv ]Xw t]mse Ddp\nv Fpw kln
phm IgnhpmhpIbpw B_ew At
bw hnpIbpw sNpXmWv D]mk\
bp sS êw. CXp \n m c amb Hcp
ImcyamtWm? am{Xa Cuizcs\ kvXpXnp
Ibpw {]mn p Ibpw D]m kn p Ibpw
sNmh henb IrXLv\\pw almaqV
\pamWv. Cu temInep kIe]Zm
fpw Pohm m fpsS kpJ n \mbn
\evInb Cuizcs KpWsf hnkvXcnp
Ibpw Cuizcs ksb kzoIcnmXncnp
Ibpw sNpXv IrXLv\Xbpw hnUvVn
hpamsX asmWv?
tNmZyw: sNhn, Iv apXemb C{nb
sfmpw Cm Cuizc C{nbfpsS
tPmen Fs\ sNpp?
Dcw: A]mWn]mtZm Pht\m {KloX
]iyXyNpx k irtWm Xy Icv Wx; k
thn hnizw \N XkymkvXn thm Xam
lqc{Kyw ]pcpjw ]pcmWav

7
CXv D]\njnep hN\amWv. Cuiz
c\v ssII C. Fnepw Xs inbm
Ip ssIsImv Fm n s\bpw {Kln p
Ibpw cNnpIbpw sNpp. Cuizc\v Imep
I C. Fnepw kh hym ]n bm I bm
Fn \p ap ]cn thK ap h \m Wv . In
Fnepw Fmns\bpw \hw ImWpp.
sNhnbn Fnepw ]dbpsXmw tIp
p. Ax I cWw C. Fnepw temI n
ep kIe Imcyfpw Adnbpp. Cuiz
cs Fsnepw in F{XbmsWv Bcpw
Adnbpn. Cuizc k\mX\\pw kht{i
jvT\pat{X B Fpw \ndhs\ ]pcpj
Fp ]dbpp. C{nbsf sImpw Ax
IcWw sImpw km[ntsXmw kzkm
aYym \Spp.
tNmZyw: At ls ]ecpw \njv {In
b\pw \nKpW\psap ]dbpXp icntbm?
Dcw: \ Xky Imcyw ImcWw N
hnZytX \ Xam `y [n I ZriytX
]cmky incvhnhnss[h {iqbtX kzm`m
hnIo m\ _e{Inbm N

8
CXpw D]\n
j Zzm Iy am Wv . ]c am m hn \np X{Zq]
n bmsXmcp Imcyhpw DmIpn. At
ln\p ImcWhpwImcyw sNphm\p D]
I c W h pw Bhiyan

9
. Xp eyt\m
t{ijvTt\m Bbn Bcpan. ktmaamb
6 {Xbkv{Xnwi{XniXm kvXphXbPq 14.31
5 \m`ymw IWvtT] iocvtjN lrZn hkn ]mcvitbmx
kaybvv hnim]tX (alm`mcXw im:]30039,40)
7. tizXmizXtcm]\njv 3.19.
8. tizXmizXtcm]\njv 6.8
9. km[IXaw IcWav. Ajym[ymbn 1.4.42
136
in Afh m\w, FXnc _ew, AXn
c {Inbmin Fnh Cuizc\n kzm`m
hn I ambn Ds t{X {ipXn. Cuiz c
\njv {In b \m sW n temI ns krjv Sn
nXn kwlmc \Sphm\mhpIbn.
AXn\m hn`phmsWnepw khhym]nbm
sWnepw tNX\amIbm {Inbmhm\pamWv.
tNmZyw: Cuiz c {Inbm hm \m Imw.
Fm AXv Ah km \ ap tXm Cm
tXm?
Dcw: F{X tmfw tZi Im e fn
hym]np {Inb sNpXv DNnXamsWp
tXmppthm A{Xtmfw tZiImesf
G p dhp IqSmsX hym]n p {Inbtb
Atlw sNpIbpq. Fsm Cuizc\v
Adnhpv.
tNmZyw: Cuizc Xs Ayw Adnbp
ptm Ctbm?
Dcw: Cuizc kqWm\nbmWv.
Dhw AdnbpXns\bmWp PvRm\sap
]d bp Xv . Hcp hkv Xp F{] Im c amtWm
AXns\ A{]Imcw AdnbpXn\mWv m\
sap ]dbpXv. Cuizc A\\msWn
A\ \m sWp Xs Adn bp XmWv
m\w. AXn\p hn]coXamb Adnhv Am
\amIpp. A\ambnpXns\ Aap
XmsWpw AapXns\ A\amsWpw
AdnbpXv "{à'amWv Fw. ""bYmY
Zi\w m\ anXn''

10
Hcp hkv Xp hn\v
GXp Xcw KpW Ia kz `m h fptm B
hkvXphns\ AtXhn[n Adnv kzoI
cnpXns\bmWv m\sapw hnm\
sapw ]dbpXv. adnpXv Am\hpw.
AXn\m
ti Icv a hn]m Im i ssb c ] cm arjv Sx
]pcpj hntij Cuizcx (tbm Z. 24)
AhnZymZn ti, IpiemIpie,
Cjv Sm\n jv S IqSn e ê
Fnh \evIp Ifpw AhbpsS hmk
\bpw Cm Xpw kIe Pohm m tf
mfpw hninjvSambXpat{X Cuizc.
I]nealjn \ncoizchmZntbm?
tNmZyw: 1. Cuizcmkntx 2. {]amWm`m
hm Xnnx 3. kw_m`mhmm\pam
\av (kmwJyZi\w 112. 10, 11) 1. Cuizc
Dsv {]Xy{]amWwsImv knnp
n. 2. Cuizcknnv {]Xy{]amWw
Csn ]ns A\pam\mZn {]amW
Dmhm Xc an . 3. hym]v Xn kw _w
CmXpsImv A\pam\w Dmhm hgn
bn. {]Xyhpw A\pam\hpw CmXp
sImv i_vZ{]amWw XpSnbp {]amW
fpw tbmPnpIbn. AXn\m Cuizc
Dsp sXfnbnm BhpIbn.
Dcw: Cuizc DsXn\v {]Xy
{]amWw Csp XsbmWv ChnsS ]dn
pXv. Cuizc PKns D]mZm\ImcW
aXm\pw. ]pcpj\n\np hneW\mb
XpsImv kh{X ]cn]q\mIbm ]c
ammhns t]cv ]pcpj FmIpp. ico
cn ibnpXv sImv Pohmmhns
t]cpw ]pcp js\mIp p. Pohm m hns
t]cpw ]pcpjs\mIpp. Fsm, Cu
{]IcWnXs C{]Imcw ]dnpv:
1. {][m\ intbmKmtXv kMvKm]nx
2. kmam{XmtXv kcvsshizcyav.
3. {ipXnc]n {][m\ImcyXzky
(kmwJyZi\w 5 89.12)
1. ]pcpj\v {][m\ intbmSpIqSn tbmK
apsp hm kwKm]n hpt]mIpw.
kqjvafmb ]camWptfmSpIqSntcpXp
\nanw {]IrXn Imcycq]nbmbn ]cnWanp
Xpt]mse Cuizc\pw kvYqecq]bmbn ]cn
Wanpw Fw. AXn\m Cuizc PK
ns D]mZm\ ImcWa; \nanImcWam
Ipp.
2. PKns Dhw tNX\\mb ]pcpj
\n \nm sW n Cuiz c\v kI e hn[
sFizcyfpapXn\m PKnepw kssh
izcyfpw DmIWw. AXnmXn\m PK
ns D]mZm\ ImcWa, \nan ImcW
amWv.
3. IqSmsX D]\njpw {][m\s{]Ir
XnsbbmWv PKns D]mZm\ambn ]dbp
10. Xzm\mcvY Zi\w GXXvm\anXn
(`KhZvKoX 13.11)
137
Xv. t\mpI:
APm taImw temlnX ip Irjv Wmw
_lzox {]Pmx krPam\mw kzcq]mx (tizXm
izXtcm]\njXv 4. 5)
CXp tizXmizXtcm]\njnep hN\
amWv. DXv]nhnlo\hpw kXzcPkvXtamcq
]hpamb {]IrXn XsbmWp kzcq]mIrXn
tbmSp IqSn AkwJyw {]PIfmbn ]cnWan
pXv. {]IrXn ]cnWman\nbmbXpsImv
cq]mcsf {]m]npp. ]pcpj ]cnWm
an b m Xn \m cq]m c s Sp n . IqS
\pw \nhnImc\pambn hnpp. AXn
\m I]nemNmcys\ \mkvXnIs\p ]d
h\mWp \mkvXnI. I]nemNmcy\.
Cuizc \ymbsshtijnI
aoamwkIfn
AXp t]mse [a ns B{i b amb
[ansb AwKoIcnp aoamwkmimkv{Xhpw,
Cuiz cs\ kzoI cn p sshti jn Ihpw
Bmhns\ kzoIcnnp \ymbZcvi\hpw
\ncoizchmZnIf. Fsm, khXzw
XpS n b [a fpw "" AX Xn k{ X
hym]vt\mXoXymm'' F hypnb\p
kcnv Fpw \ndncnph\pw kIe
PohmmfptSbpw IqSn Bmhpamb ]pcp
js\sbmWp aoamwk \ymbw, sshti
jnIw Fo Zi\ Cuizc\mbn AwKo
IcnpXv.
AhXmcw C
tNmZyw: Cuizc AhXmcw kzoIcnp
ptm Ctbm?
Dcw: C Fsm ""APGI]mXv''
(3453 ) ""k]cyKmp{IaImbav'' (408) Fp
XpSnbp bPqthZ hN\fn \np
Cuizc Pw ssIsmpnsp knn
pp.
tNmZyw: bZm bZm ln [cvaky m\ncv`
hXn `mcX, A`ypm\a[cvaky XZmm\w
krPmaylw (KoX 4.7) [an\p tem]w hcp
tmsgmw Rm icocw [cnpp Fp
{ioIrjvW ]dbpptm.
Dcw: thZ hncp am b Xp sImv CXp
{]amWa. [ammhpw [as cnp
hm Cmephpamb {ioIrjvW ""Rm bpKw
tXmdpw Pw ssIsImv injvSP\sf ]cn
]menpIbpw ZpjvSmsc kwlcnpIbpw
sNpw'' Fn s\ B{K ln n p m bn cn
mw. As\ sNpXn tZmjsampan
. Fsm ""]tcm]Imcmb kXmw hn`p
Xbx'' k\fpsS icocw a\v [\w Fn
hsbmw ]tcm]Imcn\mbnpXmWtm.
Fmepw {ioIrjvW CXpsImv Cuizc
\msWp hcphm Xcan.
tNmZyw: Cs\bmsWn temIn
Cuiz cs Ccp ] n \mev Ah Xm c fp
sp ]dbpXns\ Fs\ kzoIcnmw
Dcw: thZmw Adnbmhcpw Hmtcm
k{ZmbmcpsS hebn hogphcpw kzbw
Adnhnmhcpw Am\ ]min IpSp
phcpw Cs\ A{]amWnIamb Imcy
]dbpIbpw AwKoIcnpIbpw sNpp.
tNmZyw: Cuiz c Ah X cn p n s
n Iwk cmhW apXemb ZpjvSmsc
Fs\ kwlcnpw?
Dcw: Hm a Xv , P\n n p h scmw
\nbambpw acnmXncnbn, Fpam{X
a, icocw ssIsmv AhXcnmsX Xs
PK ns krjv SnnXn kw lm c \S
p Cuizcs apn Iwk, cmhW
apXembh Hcp Irantbmfw t]mepan. Cuiz
c khym]nbmbXpsImp IwkcmhWm
ZnIfpsS icocfnepw IqSn \ndncnpp.
Cnp Wn AhcpsS amdp ]nfv
sImpIfbphm Ignbpw. Fa KpWI
kz`mhtfmSpIqSnb Cuizc Hcp p{ZP
phns\ sImm P\\acW kzoIcn
pp Fp ]d bp hs\ hnUv Vn tbm S
msX amtcmSp]anm! `P\sf D
cnpXn\mbnmWv AhXcnpsXv ]d
m AXpw icnb. Fsm Cuiz
cm A\pkcnp `P\sf Dcn
phm Cuizc\v kmayapv . `qan, kqcy,
N{, apX emb kI e tem I fp sSbpw
krjv Sn n Xn kw lm c tf m Cuiz c\v
IwkcmhWmZnIfpsS h[hpw tKmh\]v
ns DmcWhpw alcfmb I
fmtWm? CmWp krjv Snbn Cuizc
sNp Iasfn Nnnp Bpw
138
Cuizc\p Xpey\mbn Bcpw Dmbnnspw
DmhpIbnspw a\nemmw. IqSmsX
Cuizc PsaSppp FXv bpnkl
hpa. AXncnm Cu BImiw K`n
ASnsbtm IcXen HXpnsbtm
Bcm\pw ]dm AXp t\cmhn. BImiw
AXn c Xm Wv . Fpw \nd Xm Wv . AXv
AI tp hcn Itbm ]pd tp t]mIp
Itbm sNp I bn . AXp t]mse Cuiz c
A\\pw khhym]nbpamIbm FhnsSsb
nepw Ib dp Itbm Cd p Itbm sNp
{]iv \tabn. Hcp hkv Xp FhnsS Ctbm
AhnsS am{Xta t]mphchp \Sq. Cuiz
c FhnsS\ntm hsp ]dbphm, K`
n hym]nncpnstm? ]pdv Dmbn
cpnt? Dmbncppshn ]ns F
s\bmWp \nKanp Fp ]dbpXv? Adn
hn m hcm sX am cmWv Cuiz c s\ n
Cs\ ]dbpIbpw hnNmcnpIbpw sNpI?
Cuiz c hcn Itbm t]mhp Itbm P\n p
Itbm acnpItbm sNpn. tbip apX
embhcpw Cuizcs AhXmcasp a\n
emnsmpI. Fsm, cmKtZzj
hnipw Zmlhpw, `btimI kpJZpxJ
P\\acW apXembh Dmbncp
Ah a\pjy Xsbmbncpp.
tNmZyw: Cuiz c Xs ` m cpsS
]m]w anptam Ctbm?
Dcw: C. Fsm ]m]sf an
p]w Cuizcs \ymbw \jvSsSpw.
a\pjyscmhcpw henb ]m]nIfmIpw. an
psadnm a\pjyv ]m]w sNp
Xn `banmbvabpw Dmlhpw hnpw.
cmPmhp Ipw sNbvXhp amp sImSpp
tm Ah henbhenb Ip Dml
]qw sNpp. cmPmhp Xs A]cm[sf
anpsapw sXmgptXm Imep]nSntm c
s p sIm m sapw Ah Xocp am \n pw.
Ipw sNmhcpw IqSn Ipw sNpXn
`b an m h cmbn ]m]w sNbv Xp XpS pw.
AXn \m kh Ia pw AXm Xns
êw bYm bpw sImSp p I X s bmWv
Cuizcs Ihyw. amp sImSppIb.
tNmZyw: Pohmmhv kzX{t\m ]cX
{t\m?
Dcw: Ah\hs IhyIfn
kzX {\pw Cuiz cs hyh bn ]c X
{\pw BIp p. ""kzX{x Im''

11
FXp ]mWn\nbpsS hymIcWkq{XamWv.
GsXmcph kzX{kzm[o\Bbncnp
pthm Ah\mWp Imhv.
tNmZyw: BcmWv kzX{?
Dcw: ico cw, {]mW, C{n b ,
AxIcWw apXembhsbmw BcpsS kzm[o
\ n emtWm Abm fmWv kzX {. Pohm
mhv kzX{\sn ]m]]pWyfpsS
êw Hcnepw InpIbn. `rXy bPam\
sbp w ]S bm fn I ]S \m b I sbp w
Btbm t{]c Wtbm A\p k cnv bp
n F{Xt]sc sImmepw A]cm[nIfm
Ipn. AXpt]mse, Pohmmhp ]ctaiz
cs t{]cW sIm tm A[o \ X sImtm
Iaw sNpXmbm Pohmmhn\p ]m]]p
Wy fpsS êw Dm hp I bn . B ê
ns AhImin t{]cI\mb Cuizc\mbn
cnpw. kzK\cI, AXmbXv, kpJZpxJ
InpXpw Cuizc\p Xsbmbncnpw.
Bsc nepw Bbp[w sImv Hcp s\
sImpIfm sIme sNbvXhs\bmWv
]nSnpXpw innpXpw. Bbp[sb
. AXpt]mseXs ]cX{\mb Pohmm
hn\p ]pWy]m]fpsS êw Inphm Xc
an. AXn\m Ah\hs insImp \S
p Iafn Pohmmhp kzX{\mIp
p. Fm Pohmmhp ]m]w sNbvXm
Cuiz cs hyh bv p Iog Sn
]m]ns êw A\p`hnpw. AXn\m
Iw sNpXn Pohmmhp kzX{\pw
ZpxJcq]amb ]m]êw A\p`hnpXn
]cX{\pw BIpp.
tNmZyw: Cuizc ]cammhns\ krjv
SnpIbpw Pohmmhn\p in\evIpIbpw
sNbvXnnmbncppshn Pohmmhn\p
bmsXmcp Iahpw sNphm IgnbpIbn
m bn cp p. AXn \m Cuiz c t{] c Wbm
et{X Pohmmhp Ia sNpXv!
Dcw: Pohmmhv Hcnepw P\nnp
X. PKns D]Zm\ImcWamb {]IrXnbpw
11 AjvSm[ymbn 1.4.54
139
\nan Im c W amb Cuiz c\pw GXp hn[
n A\mZnbmtWm AtX hn[n Pohm
mhpw A\mZnbmWv. Pohmmhns icochpw
C{n b fpw Cuiz c krjv Sn Xm Wv .
Fnepw Ahsbmw Pohmmhns A[o\
nemWv. a\kv, hmv, Iaw Fnh aptJ\
Pohm mhv ]pWy ]m ] sNbv Xm
AXns êw PohmmhmWv, ]cammh
A\p`hnpXv. HcpZmlcWw ]dbmw. Hcp
sXmgnemfn aebn \nv Ccpbncv Ipgns
Sp p. Hcp I h S m c AXp hnebv p
hmn, Ahn sS \nv AXp hmn sIm
hm Xop. sIms ] \nv B hm
Hcp tbmmhp hmn. AXpsImv Ah Hcp
s\ shn sm p. ChnsS \ymbm [n ]
Ccpp Ipgn s Sp ht\ tbm, hnebv p
hmn b ht\ tbm, hmfp m n b h t\tbm
Asn hmfns\tbm ]nSnp innpn
. hmfpsImp shnsmh\mWv in
InpXv. AXpt]mse, icocmZnIsf \nn
Cuizc AhsImp sNp IafpsS
êw A\p ` hn p n; Pohm m hn s\
smv A\p ` hn n p I bmWp sNp Xv .
Cuizc\mWv Ia sNpsXn Hcp
Pohmmhpw ]m]w sNpIbn. Cuizc ]cn
ip\pw [manI\pambXpsImv GsXmcp
Pohmmhns\bpw ]m]w sNphm t{]cnn
pIbn. AXn\m Pohmmhp kzIaw
sNp Xn kzX { \m Wv . Pohm mhp
kzIam \p jv Tm \ n kzX { \m b Xp
t]mse Xs ]cammhpw kzIa \S
pXn kzX{\mIpp.
tNmZyw: Pohm m hn sbpw Cuiz c
sbpw kzcq]hpw KpWIakz`mhfpw
Gh?
Dcw: Pohmmhpw Cuizc\pw tNX\m
kz cq ] cm Ip p. Pohm m hn sbpw Cuiz c
sbpw kz`mhw ]cniphpw \miclnXhpw
[manIXzw XpSnb KpWtfmSpIqSnbXp
amIpp. Fm krjvSnbpsS DXv]nn
Xn {] f b \n ln p I, Fm h scbpw
\nbam\pkcWw \SpI. Pohmmp
]pWy]m]fpsS êw sImSppI, apXemb
[am\pkrX Ia CuizctXpw, km
\sf DXv]mZnnp t]mnhfpI, inev]
hnZyI \SpI apXembXpw \XnIfn
SIeXpamb Ia PohmmfptSXm
Wv. \nXyamb m\w, B\w, Afh _ew
apXemb KpW Cuizc\pXmWv. Pohm
mhn\v:.
CmtZzj{]bXv\kpJZpxJm\m\ym
t\m enwKanXn (\ymbw)

12
{]mWm ]m \ \n ta tjm t j a t\m K Xo
{nbmcv hn Imcmx kpJ Zpx tJm tZzju
{]bXv\mmt\m enwKm\n (sshti)

13
(Cm) ]Zm Inphm\p B{K
lw, (tZzj) ZpxJmZnIfnep A\njvSw As
n shdpv ({]bXv\) ]pcpj{]bXv\w _ew
Fnh (kpJ) B\w (ZpxJ) hyk\w As
n ktmjanmbva, (m\) hnthIw,
({]mW) {]mWhmbphns\ ]pdtp Xn
fbpI

14
(A]m\) {]mWhmbphns\ Dn
tep hen s Sp pI (\n ta j) Ip I f S
bvpI (Dtj) IpI XpdpI (a\x)
\nbnpI, kvacnpI, A`nam\npI (K
Xn) KanpI, (C{nb) Fm C{nbsfbpw
{]hn n pI (A cv hn Im c) hni v ,
Zmlw, ktm jw, kSw apX emb hnhn[
hnIm c fp m hp I, Ch sbmw Pohm m
hns KpWfmWv. Cu KpW ]camm
hns KpWfn \np `nat{X. Cu KpW
sf sm p thWw Pohm m hns KpW
sf AdntbXv. Fsm Pohmmhp
qea. Pohmmhp icocn nXnsN
ptm am{Xta Cu KpW {]Iminq.
Pohmmhp icocw hnpt]mIptm Cu KpW
icocn ImWsSpn. GsXmcp
hkv Xp Dm Ip tm KpW Dm hp
Ibpw \in p tm KpW Cm Xm hp
Ibpw sNppthm B KpW B hkvXp
hntXmWv. hnftm kqcyt\m D kabp
{]Imiw DmhpIbpw Ah cpw Cm
tm {]Imiw CmXmhpIbpw sNpXmWv
12 \ymbZi\w 1.1.10
13 sshtijnIw 3.2.4
14 {]mWm]m\sfn {KImhns A`n{]m
bamWv {]mNo\w. ssa{XmbWo BcWyIn (2.6)
tbmfb aqcv[zmam{Im aytXyj hmh kx {]mWx
AYtbmfb AhmMv kw{ImatXyj hmhtkmf]m\
Fp]dbpp.
140
CXn \p Zm l c Ww. C{] Imcw Pohm m hn
sbpw ]cammhnsbpw m\w DmIp
Xv AXn\p KpWsfsmmIpp.
Cuizcs {XnImem\w
tNmZyw: Cuizc {XnImem\ap
XpsImv `mhnImcyfpw IqSn Adnbpp.
Atlw Xocpam\npX\pkcnmWv Pohm
mhp {]hnpXv. AXn\m Poh
kzX{\; Cuizc Pohs\ innp
Xv DNnXhpa. Cuizcs CwKnXa\pk
cnmWv Poh {]hnpXv.
Dcw: Cuiz c {XnIm e m \n bm
sWp ]dbpXv hnUvVnamWv. Dmbn
v, CmXncnpXmWv `qXImew. Dmbnn
mXpw DmImhpXpamWv `mhnImew.
apv DmbnpXpw Ctm CmXpamb
Hcp m\w Cuiz c \ptm? AXp t]mse
Xs apv DmImXpw taen DmIm
hp Xp amb m\hpw Cuiz c \ptm?
m\w Fmbvt]mgpw Hcpt]msebpXpw
AJWvUambnCShnSmsX \ne\nevpXp
am Wv . `qXw `mhn Fp t`Zw Pohm m
pXmWv. PohmmfpsS Ias
At] n p {XnIm e m\w Cuiz c \p
spXp icn Xs. Fm AXpkz
Xxkna. kzmX{yapXpsImv Pohm
mhv GXp hn [ n {]hn p pthm
AtXhn[n khXzapXpsImv
Cuizc Adnbpp. Cuizc Fs\ Adn
bppthm AtX hn[n Poh {]hn
pp. `qX`hnjyZzam\sf Adnbp
Xnepw Iaêw sImSppXnepw Cuizc
kzX{\mIpp. Cuizcs m\w A\m
Zn bm b Xp sImp Ias kw_ n
m\saXpt]mse Xs ZWvUZm\s
kw_n PvRm\hpw A\mZnbmIpp. cp
m\ fpw Cuiz c\p kXy am Wv . Ia
m\w kXyamsWpw ZWvUm\w anYy
bmsWpw Fs\ hcpw? AXn\m CXn
tZmjan.
Poh\pw Cuizc\pw
tNmZyw: Pohmmhv hn`pthm (khhym
]ntbm) Hmtcm icocnepw shtsdtbm?
Dcw: hn`phmsWn Pm{Kv, kz]v\w,
kpjp]vXn Fo AhI P\\acW
kwtbmKhntbmK KXmKX Fnh
Hcnepw DmhpIbn. AXn\m Pohs
kzcq]w, Aev]PvRXzw, Aev]Xzw, kqvaXzw
Fo [a tfm Sp Iq Sn b Xm Wv . Cuiz c
kqvafn kqvahpw A\\pw, kh
\pw, khhym]nbpamWv. AXpsImt{X
Pothizcmp Xnep _w hym]yhym
]I`mhamsWp ]dbpXv.
tNmZyw: Hcp hkvXp DnSv asmn\v
Ccnm\mhn. AXn\m Pothizcmp
Xn kwtbmKkw_ta Dmhm Xc
apq. hym]y hym ] I `m h kw _w Dm
hm Xcan.
Dcw: kam\amb BIrXntbmSp IqSnb
]Zmp Xnte Cu \nbaw _m[I
amhq. Akam\mIrXnIfn _m[Ia. Ccpp
qehpw An kqv a hp am Ip p. AXp
\nanw sshZypXamb An Ccpn hym]n
ncnpIpw cpw HcnSpXs hnp
Ibpw sNpp. AXpt]mse Poh Cuizc
t\m qehpw Cuizc Poht\m
kqvahpambXpsImv Cuizc hym]I\pw
Poh hym]y hp am Ip p. Poth iz c mp
Xn hym]yhym]I _saXpt]mse
Xs tkhytkhI`mhw, B[mcmt[b`mhw
bPam\`rXy`mhw, cmP{]Pm`mhw, ]nXm]p{X
`mhw apXemb _fpw Dv.
tNmZyw: Pohm]camm `n
fmsWnthZfnep Cu almhmIy
v FYamWv?
1. {]m\w {_ 2. Alw {_mkvan
3. Xzakn 4. Abamm {_
Dcw: C d h thZ hm Iy f
Xs. {_mW{Kfnep hN\fm
Wnh. ChIp almhmIysapt] kXy
imkv{XfnsemcnSpw ]dpImWpn.
ChbpsS AYw C{]ImcamIpp: (Alw)
Rm ({_) {_n nXnsNp
h (Akvan) BIpp. ChnsS amx t{Im
in F hmIynsetmse Xmtm
]m[n BIp p. a Im hp c I
i_v Zn p I bn . a v Poh \n .
Ahbvp \nehnfnphm Ignhpan. AXn
141
\m anep a\pjy \nehnfnpp
FYam Wv . CXp t]mse {]kv Xp X hm Iy
n epw a\ n em n sm p I. kIe
]Zmfpw {_nemWp nXn sNp
Xv . Atm Pohm m hns\ {_ am
sWp ]d bp Xn FmWp hnti jX?
Fp tNmZnm adp]Sn CXmWv: kakvX
h kv Xp fpw {_ Xs bm Wv .
Fm Poh\v GXp hn[n {_ns
km[ayhpw kmao]yhpw Dtm AtX hn[
n asmn\pan IqSmsX Pohmmhn\v
{_m\w DmIpp. tamw {]m]np
tm Pohm m hn\p {_ tm Sp IqSn
kmm kw_w DmhpIbpw sNpp.
Atm Poh\v {_ns Xtym]m[n
As n X l N cn tXm ]m[n Dv .

15
Poh {_n nXn sNpp As
n { _ n s kl Imcn BIp p
FYw. AXn\m Poh\pw {_hpw H
. Rm\pw Ch\pw HmWv. Fv Bscnepw
]dbpXmbm AXn\p Rp Xn
hntcm[an FYamWv. AXpt]mseXs
kam[nbnencnp Pohmmhv ]ctaizc
\nep t{]an \na\mbncnp ka
bv Rm\pw {_hpw HmWv AXmbXv
Ahntcm[nIfpw Htc ev nXnsNp
hcpw BIpp. Fp ]dbmw. Cuizcs
KpW Ia kz `mh sf A\p k cnv Xs
KpW Ia kz `m h sf kwkv I cn p
Pohmmhn\v am{Xta km[ayw \nanw
{_ tmSv sFIy ap Xmbn ]d bp hm
]mSpffq.
Xzakn
tNmZyw: icn. As\bmsWn (XXv)
{_w (Xzw) Pohm m hmb \o (A kn)
BIpp; ""Pohm! \o B {_amIpp.''
F amb ""XXv Xzakn'' F hmIy
n\v FamWv?
Dcw: ""XXv '' F i_v Zw sImp
\n Fns\ {Klnpp?
tNmZyw: {_s {Klnpp.
Dcw: {_ ] Z ns A\p hrn
FhnSpp Inn?
tNmZyw: ktZhtkmtayZa{K BkotZI
tahmZznXobw {_ F ]qhhmIyn
\nv.
Dcw: \n Cu OmtmtKym]\njv
In p Iq Sn bn tm. AXp t\mn bm
AhnsS {_sa ]Zta Csp ImWmw.
shdptXsbn\p s]mfn]dbpp? OmtmKy
nemIs ktZh tkmtayZa{K Bko tZI
ta hm Zzn Xo bav

16
FmWp ]mT ap Xv .
AhnsS {_i_vZw Xs C.
tNmZyw: Fm XXv F Xp sImp
Xm {KlnpsXmWv?
Dcw: k b GtjmWnam. sFXZmy
anZMv kcvhw XXyMv k Bm Xz
akn tizX tItXm CXn

17
{]nb]p{X\mb
tizXtItXm Bcv AXy kqvakzcq]\pw
CmWpkIetemInsbpw Pohmm
hnsbpw IqSn Bmhpw BtWm Ah\t{X
Adnbphm tbmKy. Ah\mWp kXykzcq
]. Ah kzbtah kzmmhnsbpw Bm
hmbncnph\mWv.
XZmIkvXZcymao Xzakn. ""Acym
anbmb B ]cammhnt\mSp IqSnth
\mWv \o''. ap ] \n j p I tfmSpw tbmPn
AYw CXp Xs.
b B\n Xnjv T m t\mftcm b
amm \ thZ bkymm icocav; Bt\m
ftcm babXn k X BmcymayarXx.
_rlZmcWytIm]\njnep

18
hN
\amWnXv. bmhIyaljn Xs ]Xv\n
bmb ssat{XbntbmSp ]dbpp: ssat{Xbo!
GsXmcp Cuiz c Pohm mhn nXn
sNphs\nepw Pohmmhn \np `n
\mtWm B ]cammhv Fn Fpw hym]n
n cn p p. Fn s\ GsXm ns\ aqV
\mb Pohmmhdnbpntbm, GsXmcp ]c
ammhn\v Pohmmhv icocambnocppthm
ùXnIicocn Pohmmhp IpSnsImp 15. \ymbZi\w 2.2 61 CXns hniZoIcWapv.
hSnsImp \Spbmfns\ "hSn' Fp ]dbmdp
v. hSnmc\v, hSn XXvklNmcnbmbXn\m "hSn'
Fpt]cphcmw. CXv XXvklNcntXm]m[nbmWv.
16. OmtmKy D]\njv 6.2.1
17. OmtmKy D]\njv 6.8.7
18. _r.D. 14.6.7.32 (am[yn\]mTw)
142
Xpt]mse Pohmmhn GsXmp hym]n
n cn ppthm GsXmv Pohm m fn
\np `nhpw Pohmm sNp ]m]
]pWyfpsS kmnbpambncppsImv Ah
bpsS ês sImSpv Ahsc \nban\p
IogSn \nppthm, \mianmbcq]
tmSp IqSn. B Bmhp Xs bmWv
\nsbpw Acymanbmbn Dnsepw \nd
h\mbn CcnpXv. B Bmhns\ \o
Adn m epw. C{] Im c ap hN \ p
thsd h Ahpw Iev]nphm Bs
nepw Ignbptam? kam[nZibn tbmKnv
]c am m hns kmmXv mcw Dm Ip
tm B tbmKn ""Abamm{_ Fn
hym]n n cn p Cu {_w Xs bmWv
Fpw \nd n cn p Xv Fn s\ ]d
pt]mIpp. AXpsImv Poh\pw {_hpw
HmsWp ]dbp Cmes thZmn
Iv thZ{imkv{Xw AdnbpIbn Xs.
tNmZyw: At\\ B\m Poth \m\p
{]hniy \macqt] hymIchmWn (Om {]. 6
J. 3 aw, 2) XrjvSzm XtZhm\p {]mhniXv
(ssXncob {_m\ A\p. 6.) Cuiz
c ]dbpIbmWv: Rm PKnt\bpw ico
ctbpw krjvSnv PKn khhym]n
bmbnpw icocn Poh\mbnpw {]thin
psImv \macq]sf hymJym\npp.
""Cuiz c PK n t\bpw ico c tbpw
\nnv, AXn kzbw {]thinh\mbnv''
Fp XpS n bp {ipXn h N \ fpsS
Aw amn asmmphm \nv
Fs\ km[npw?
Dcw: \np ]Zhpw ]ZmYhpw
hmIymYhpw Adn bm sa n C s\ bp
Aw ]dbpI bn . Fs m, ChnsS
Hp {]thihpw atXv A\p{]thihpwA
XmbXv ]noSv {]thinBsWt{X ]d
bpXv. Cuizc icocn {]thinnp
Pohmmhnt\mSpIqSn A\p{]thiw sNbvXn
v, Pohmmhn\p Xpey\mtWm Fp tXm
hw nX\mbn thZw hgn \macq]m
ZnIfmb kIe hnZyItfbpw {]Iminnpp.
ico c n Pohs\ {]th in n v , Pohs
A`mKn Xm A\p{]thiw sNbvXv
Ccn pp FYw. A\p i_v Z ns
AYw Adnbph A{]Imcw hn]coXamb
AYw Hcnepw ]dbpIbn.
tNmZyw: ""tkmbw tZhZtm b DjvW
Imte Imiymw ZrjvSx k CZm\ow {]mhrSvk
atb aYpcmbmw ZriytX'' th\mep
Iminbn hv GsXmcp tZhZs\bmtWm
Rm IXv B tZhZs\s agm
ep aYp c bnhp Rm ImWp p.
ChnsS Imin th\ Fo tZiImesf,
]cnXyPnv icocsa eys eW
amn tZhZs\ {Klnpp. AXpt]mse
Cu `mKXymKeWw sImv Cuizcs
]tcmtZiIme amb Fo D]m[n
I tfbpw Pohs {]Xy tZi Im e
AhnZy Aev]Xzw Fo D]m[nItfbw
XyPnv tNX\mam{Xs eyamn {_
amIp Htc hkvXpXs Poh Cuizc
Fo cn epw, eWw sImp {Kln
p Nne Awisf {KlnpIbpw Nne
Awisf XyPnpIbpw sNp Cu `mK
XymKeWm khXzmZnIfpsS
hmNym amb Cuiz c s\ bpw, Aev ]
mXzm Zn I fpsS hmNym amb Poh
t\bpw ]cnXyPnp tNX\am{Xambncnp
eyms {Klnm AssZzXw kn
amIpatm. \nv C\n Fp ]dbphm
km[npw?
Dcw: Poh\pw Cuizc\pw \nXysctm
A\nXysctm IcpXpXv?

19
tNmZyw: cpw D]m [n P \y fpw
Iev]nXfpamIbm A\nXyfmWv.
Dcw: B D]m[n \nXytam A\nXytam?
tNmZyw: RfpsS A`n{]mbn
1. Poth iuN hnip m Nn Zzn t`Zkv Xp
Xtbmcv Zztbmx AhnZym Xn tXmcv tmKx
jUkvamIa \mZbx.
2. Imtcym ]m [n cbw Pohx Imc tWm ]m
[ncoizcx Imcy Im cWXmw lnXzm ]qcv
t_mt[mhinjytX.
19. ]qh]ns DcamWv ChnsS tNmZyambXv.
20. BZys tmIw knm teikw{Klw F
]pkv X I nse (A Nyp X {K am e, Imin) 63 mw
t]Pn SnWnbmWv. cmatXv A\p`qXn {]Imiw
Hmw A[ymbw 61mw tmIw.
143
kwt]imcocInepw imcocI`mjy
nepap ImcnIIfmWnh.

20
thZmnI
fmb Rv Poh, Cuizc, {_w,
Poth iz c m Xn ep hnti j t` Zw,
AhnZy (Am\w) tNX\ Xnep
tbmKw Fo Bsdw A\m Zn I fm Wv .
Fm {_w Hpam{Xw A\mZnbpw A\
hpamIpp. av Apw {]mK`mhw t]mse
A\m Zn Ifp w km fp w BIp p .
Am\w \ne\nevpnStmfw Imew
am{Xta Cu Apapq. Cu Antbpw
BZn AdnbsSmXpsImmWv Chsb
A\mZnI Fp ]dbpXv. m\w Dm
bm ]ns Ch \inpt]mIpp. AXn
\m Ch km \m i ap h
BsWpw ]dbsSpp.
Dcw: \nfpsS Cu cp tmIfpw
Aip am Wv . Fs m, Ahn Zy bpambn
_nnmsX Poh\pw ambbpsS _an
msX Cuizc\pw \nfpsS knmn
knnpIbn. AXn\m. ""XntXmtcymKx''
Fv BdmaXp ]d ]ZmYw Xs C.
Fs m AhnZy amb Fnh Poh
Cuiz c Fn h bn A` hn hbm Wv .
AXp t]mse {_ n tbpw amb AhnZy
FnhbpsSbpw tbmKw IqSmsX Cuizckn
nbpan. ]ns Cuizcs\ AhnZy, {_w
Fnhbn \np thdnv ]cnKWnpXp
hy am Wv . AXp sIm v {_w, AhnZy
Fo cp ]Zm am{Xta \nfpsS
aXn knnppq. Bdp ]Zm
knnpn. AXpt]mseXs, A\hpw
\nXyip_papkz`mhnbpw khhym]n
bpamb {_n Am\w knambXn
\ptijta \np Imtcym]m[nsImpw
ImctWm]m[nsImpw Pothizcm knn
ppq. {_ns GItZin kzm{i
bambpw kzhnjbIambpw Am\w A\m
Znbmbn Dsp hm {_w ipambncn
p I bn . Hcn S p am{Xw Am\w D
Xmbn hnNmcnp ]w AXv ]cnnamI
bm Apanpw KXmKXw sNbvXpsImn
cnpw. {_ns GXp`mKv Am\w
sNp pthm Ahn Ss {_w Am
\nbpw Fhn sS \nv Am\w hnp t]m Ip
pthm Ahn sS bp {_w m\nbpw
Bbn cn pw. A s\ bm bm Hcn S p
{_sbpw A\mZnbpw iphpamb m\
tmSpIqSnbXmsap ]dbphm \np
km[n p I bn . IqSm sX, Am \ ns
AXnnbnep {_w Am\tbpw
IqSn Adn bp Xm I bm Am \ ns
AIpw ]pdpw D {_w cmbn apdn
bpw. ""{_w JWvUambnsms. AXp
sImv {_n\v Fp lm\n hcm Fp
]d bp hm h'' Fs m A s\ h
m {_w AJ Wv U a m Xm bn o cpw.
AJWvUamsWn Am\nbmhm Xc
an. AXn\p]pdta, m\m`mhhpwhn]coX
m\hpw KpWfmbXpsImv Am\w
GsXnepw Hcp hkvXphn \nXykw_
tmSpIqSntb Ccnq. As\bmsWn
ka hm b kw _ am b Xp sImv Hcn epw
AXv A\n Xy am bn cn p I bn , icos
m\pw {hWapmbm thZ\ Fpw hym]n
pXpt]mse HcnSv Am\hpw kpJ
ZpxJfpw tifpw DmIptm {_w
apgph\pw ZpxJmZnIf\p`hnpXp ImcWw
Imtcym]m[nbpsSAxIctWm]m[nbpsS
tbmKw \nanw {_s Poh\mbn IcpXp
pshn tNmZns ""{_w hym]Itam
]cnntam?'' {_w hym]IamWv, Fm
D]m[n ]cn n w.H cn S p am {X ap Xv
BIpp; Ah cpw `nfmWv; Fp ]d
bpIbmsWn, AxImcWw NenpIbpw
kcnpIbpw sNppthm?
Dcw kcnppv.
tNmZyw: AxIcWtmSpIqSn {_hpw
k cn p p tm? AtXm n c am
bncnppthm ?
Dcw: ncambncnpp.
tNmZyw : Ans\bmsWn, AxI
cWw hnpt]mIpnSp {_w Am
\clnXamIbpw AxImcWw {]m]npn
Sfnse ip{_w Bm\nbmhpIbpw
sNpw. Cs\ {_w Hcp W n
m\nbpw asmcp Wn Am
\nbpw Bbn sm n cn pw. AXp \nanw
_tamfpw WnIfmIpw. Hcp h
144
IXns kvacW asmcph\v DmImsX
s\tbm AXpt]mse Cse ImWpItbm
tIpItbm sNbvX hkvXphnstbm hnj
b n stbm m\w Cv DmImXn cn
bpw sNpw. Fs m, Im Wp Itbm
tIpItbm sNp tZiIme Hv;
kvacnp tZiIme asmv Fp hcp
atm. {_w HmsWp ]dbppshn
AXv khamsXv ? AxIcWw
At\IamsWpw AXp \nanw {_hpw
At\IamsWpamsWn AxImcWw
PU am bXp sImv AXn m\w Dm
hm ]mSnsphcpw . " {_vn am{X
ambntm AxIcWn am{Xambntm
A m\w DmIpXv "" Fp ]dbpI
bm sW nepw Ax I cWw aptJ\ tNX \
bn XsbmWp m\w DmIpXv. B
m\w Aev ] hn j b Ihpw ]cn n hpw
BIp sX ns\? AXn \m {_ n\p
Imc tWm ]m [n bpsS kw_w IqSmsX
Cuiz c Xzhpw Imtcym ]m [n bpsS tN
IqSmsX PohnXXzhpw PohnXhpw DmIp
X. hmkvXhn, Cuizc {_ns
]cymbw Xs bm Wv . { _ n \n p
`n hp w A\m Zn bp w A\p Xv ] hp w
AarXkzcq ] hp amb Bm hmWv Poh.
Poh FXp NnZm`mkns t]cmsWp
\n ]dbpsan AXpw icnb. Imc
Ww, NnZm `mkw W `w Kp c am b Xp sImv
AXp \inptm tamkpJw A\p`hn
pXmcv ? AXn\m {_w Poht\m Poh
{_tam Hcnepw Bbncpnn; BIpn
,BhpIbpan.
""AssZzXns AYhpw knnbpw''
tNmZyw: Ans\bmsWn ""ktZh
tkmtay Z a {K B ko tZ I ta hm Zzn Xobw''
Fp Om tm Ky h N \ n AssZz X
knn Fns\ DmIpw ? RfpsS aX
n em I s, {_ n\p kPm Xo b tam,
hnPmXobtam, kzKXtam Bb t`Zsampw
Cmbv Ibm {_w GIamsWp knn
pw, Poh `n am sWp hcp ]w
AssZzXw knnpXv Fs\?
Dcw : Cu {àPmens]v Fn\p
`bsSpp.? hntijyhntijWhnZysb Adn
bpIbmsWn, AXns êw FmsWp
{Klnmw. ""hymhcvIw hntijWw `hXn''
t`ZImcIamWv t`Zs IpdnpXmWv
hnti jWw Fp ]d bp Xp t]mse
""{]hIw {]Im i I a]n hnti jWw
`hXn'' hntijWw, {]hIhpw {]Imihpw
IqSnbmsWpw [cnpI. AssZzXw FXp
{_ns hntijWamsWp a\nem
Ww. Cu hntijWnep hymhI
[aw CXp {_s At\Iw PohnXXz
fn\np thXncnp ImWnpp F
Xt{X. {_w GIamsWp {]ZinnpI
bmWv hn ti j W n s { ]Im i [aw.
""Akvan \Ktc AZznXotbm [\mtVym
tZhZx Akymwtk\mbmaZznXobx iqc
hotcm hn{Iaknwlx'' "Cu \Kcn AZzn
Xob\mb [\n I \mWv tZh Z . Cu
ssk\yn AZznXob\mb iqchoc\mWv
hn{Iaknwl' Fp ]dm tZhZ\p
Xpey \m sbmcp [\n I Cu \K c n
Cspw, hn{Iaknwl\p Xpey\msbmcp ]cm
{Iaimen Cu ssk\yn Cspw, Ah
tc m Ipd h Ds p amWv AYw.
]rYzn apXemb PU]ZmY, ]ip apX
emb {]WnI hrmZnhkvXp Fn
hbp w \Kcn ep s n ep w Ah bp sS
\ntj[w hcpn. AXpt]mse {_n\p
Xpeyamb Poht\m {]IrXntbm C. {_
tm \yq\amb ]ZmY DpXm\pw.
AXpsImv knnpXv {_w Ftmgpw
GI am sWpw Poh\pw {]Ir Xn XXz fpw
At\ I am sWpw BIp p. AssZz Xw
AYhm AZz n Xobw F hn ti j Ww,
{_s Poh {]IrXnXz Fnh
bn \np thXn cn v , {_ ns GI
Xzs m]npXmWv. Cu hntijWw
sImv Pohttbm, {]IrXnbptStbm, Imcy
cq]amb PKnttbm A`mhtam \ntj[tam
Dm Ip tX bn . Ahsbmw Dv .
{_n\p XpeyamsWp am{Xw. CXp
sImv AssZz X kn ntbm ssZzX kn np
lm\ntbm hcp an . `b s SmsX Btem
Nnp a\nempI.
tNmZyw : {_w knZm\ kzcq]hpw
Poh AkvXn`mXn{]mb cq]hpw BIpp.
145
AXmbXv kv, m\w, B\w Fnh
{_n\pw Poh\pw Dv AXpsImv
Ah Hm sWp kn n p Xn \m
AXns\ Fs\ JWvUnpw ?
Dcw: Aev]w km[ayw DXn\m
HmhpIbn. AtNX\hpw Zriyhpw BbXp
t]mse Pew, An apXembhbpw AtNX
\hpw ZriyhpamWv. AXpsImv Ah Hm
Ipn. Kw, cqX, ImTn\yw apXemb
KpW ]rYhnpw, {ZhXzw, tImafX XpS
nbh Pen\pw cq]w ZmlIXzw apXem
bh Anpw Dv. Ch t`Zs t_m[nn
p ssh[ayfmWv. ssh[ayw hncp
[as ImWnpp. AXn\m Ah H
. a\pjycpw ]pgpfpw IpsImp ImWp
p, hmb sImp Xnpp, Imep sImp
\Spp. Fnepw cp Imep a\pjys
BIrXnbpw At\Iw ImepIfp ]pgphns
BIrXnbpw `nambXpsImv sFIcq]yan
. AXpt]mse, Afh m\w, B\w,
{Inbmin, {`mncmlnXyw, hym]IXzw apX
embhbp Cuizc, Aev]m\w, Aev]
_ew, Aev]kzcq]w, {`mn]qX, ]cnOn
Xzw XpSnb KpWfp Pnh\n\npw
`namWv. AXn\m Poh\pw Cuizc\pw H
. Cuizc AXykqvahpw Poh Cuiz
c t\ m Aev ]w qe cq]nbpw Bb Xp
sImv AhbpsS kzcq]hpw `namWv.
ssZzX_pn, `bImcWw.
tNmZyw: ""AtYmZcacw IpcptX AY
Xky `bw `hXn''

21
""ZznXo bm ssZz `bw
`hXn''

22
_rlZmcWytIm]\njnep
hN\amWnXv. Poh{_ Xn Aev]
t` Z sa nepw Dsp Icp Xp h\v `bw
DmIpp. `bw DmIpXp asmn
\np am{XamWtm.
Dcw: CXns AYw CX . Pohm
mhpw ]cammhpw Csp ]dbp ]cam
mhv Imew sImtm tZiwsImtm ]cnn
am sWp Icp Xp Cuiz cs B
bv tm KpW Ia kz `m h tm hntcm [
ambn hn p , AYhm asm cp h t\mSv
sshc`mhw {]Zinnp, Bfn\v `bw Dm
Ipst{X CXn\w. ""Cuizct\mSv F\n
smcp _hpw C'' F ZznXob _pn
bmemWv `bapmIpXv. ""\ns Rm Iqm
pn. \n\ss Hpw sNm Ign
hn'' Fv Btcm sS nepw ]d bp I tbm,
Bs nepw tZmjw sNp I tbm, ZpxJw
Dm p Itbm sNp bmv A\y cn
\np `bw Dm Ip Xm Wv . IqSm sX, ]c
kv ]cw sshcpyw Cs n Ah sbm m
sWp ]d bm dp v . tZh Z \pw b Z
\pw hnjvWpan{X\pw HmWv, Fp ]d
bm dp v . Ahp Xn hntcm[w C
FYw. hntcm[anmbvasImv kpJhpw
hntcm[w sImv ZpxJhpw DmIpp.
tNmZyw: {_hpw Poh\pw kZm shtsd
nXnsNppthm AtXm Ftmsgnepw
cpw tNv HmIppthm?
Dcw: CXn\p Nne Dcw Ctm ]d
tX bp q. Fm, km[ay ns
A\zbw sImv GIXzw DmIpw. PUXzw
Hcnepw ths]ncnmbvI Fo [a
BImin\pw aq{Zhypw DXn
\m Ahbvv GIXzw Dv. Fm BIm
in\p hn`pXzw, kqvaXzw, cq]cmlnXyw,
A\Xzw apXemb KpWfpw aq{Zhy
v CXn\p hncp ambn ]cn n Xzw
ZriyXzw apXemb KpWfpw DXn\m
Ahbvp Xn t`Zhpw Dv. ]rYnhn apX
emb {Zhyv BImin \np thdn
p \np hm h. Fs m, A\zbw
AYhm Hgnhv IqSmsX aq{Zhyv Ccn
m \n S an . AXn \m A\zbw sImv
Ahbvv sFIyapv. cq]w sImp `n
fmIbm hyXntcIw AYhm cq]`nXbm
Ahbvp `nXbpapv. AXpt]mse, {_w
khhym]nbmbXn\m Poh\pw, ]rYnhym
Zn{Zhypw {_n \np ths]
ncnphm km[ya. Ahbvp Xn cq
]kmZriym sFIyw CXm\pw. hoSp
]WnbpXnp apv apw achpw Ccppw
apw BIm i n Xs bmWp nXn
sNpXv. hoSp]WnIgnpw Ah BIm
i n Xs hn p p .
21. ssX. D. {_m\hn 7.
22 ssX. D. {_m\hn19.1.4.2
146
hoSps]mfnv \ in v , AXns `mK
HmtcmnSp InSptmhpw Ah BIm
ins nXnsNpp. AXmbXv
aqp Ime fnepw BIm i n \nv
Ahbv v ths] n cn p hm km[y a
Fp Xmev]cyw. cq]t`Zm `nfmb
Ah Hcnepw Hmbncpnn; H, Hm
hpIbn. C{]Imcw Pohmmhpw temIXn
ep kIe hkvXpfpw A`hnncn
bm {_n \np ths]ncnphm
{ Xn Im e fn ep w Ahbv p km[y a .
kzcq]wsImv Ah {_n \np `n
fmIbm Hcnepw HmIpXpan. Cm
es thZmnIfpsS ImgvNmSv Hs
t\mw t]mse A\zbns t\sc t\mn
hyXntcI`mhs ImWmsX hn]coXZrjvSn
bmbn `hn p p. k Kp W \nKp W X I.
A\zb hyXn tc I , km[ayssh [ay
, hn ti jy hn ti j W `mhw Fn h
Cm Hcp {Zhyhpan.
tNmZyw: Cuizc kKpWt\m? \nKp
Wt\m?
Dcw: cpamWv.
tNmZyw: sImmw! Hcp Ddbn, cp
hm Fs\bncnpw? kKpWXbpw \nKp
WXbpw Hn Fs\ Hnp hcpw?
Dcw: PU ] ZmY fn AtN X \
ns KpWfmb cq]hpw apw Dv. tNX
\ Kp W fmb m\hpw apw C. AXp
t]mse Xs tNX\fn CmZn KpW
Dv. Fm AtNX\fmb cq]hpw apw
C AXn\m Ah cpw kKpWhpw \nKp
Whpw BIpp. ""bZvKpssW kl hcv
am\w X Kp Ww. KptW t`ym b ncv KXw
]rYIv`qXw XncvKpWw'' KpWtfmSpIqSn
bXp kKp Whpw KpW fn m Xp \nKp
Whpw BWv . Fm ]Zm fpw AXm
Xns kzm`nI KpWfphbmIbm kKp
Wfpw ap hncphkvXpfpsS KpWfn
mbvIbm \nKpWfpw BIpp. tIhew
kKpWtam \nKpWtam Bb ]ZmYw Hp
an. Htc ]Zmn Xs kKpWXzhpw
\nKp W Xzhpw kZm Dm bn cn pw,. CXp
t]mse Cuizc\v kzw A\amb m\w
_ew, apXemb KpW DXn\m kKp
W\pw cq]mZn PUKpWfpw tZzjmZn Poh
KpWfpw CmbvIbm \nnKpW\pw BIp
p.
tNmZyw: \ncm Im cs\ \nKp W s\pw
kmImcs\ kKpWs\p temIw ]dbpp.
Cuizc AhXcnmtm \nKpW\pw
Ah X cn p tm kKp W\pw BsW
Yw.
Dcw: Adnhpw ]Tnpw CmhcpsS
kev]amWnXv. hnZybnmh arKsf
tmse ]pe p p. kn ]m X Pz c ap h
]npw t]bpw ]dbptmse ]Tnnmh
]d bp Ibpw Fgp Xp Ibpw sNp Xn t\bpw
]cnKWncpXv.
tNmZyw: Cuizc cmKapht\m hnc
t\m?
Dcw: cpw A. Fsm Xn
\np `nhpw, DahpambXnemWv cmKapm
hp I. Cuiz c \n \np `n amtbm D a
amtbm Hcp hkvXphpw C. AXn\mcmKw`
hya. ssIn InnbXns\ e`nXp XyPn
ph\mWp hnc. Cuizc khhym
]nbmIbm Hpw ]cnXyPnphm kmy
a. AXn\m hnc\pa.
tNmZyw: Cuizc\v Cbptm Ctbm?
Dcw: AXpt]mse Cuizc\v Cbpan
. (Po hm m fn ImWpw h w) A{]m
]v Xhpw D ahpw e`n m hnti j kpJw
\evIpXpambXn\memWv CbpmIpXv.
As\sbmn Cuizc\v CbpmIptam?
Cuizc\v Ae`ytam t{ijvTtam Bb bmsXm
pan. kqW kpJbp\mIbm kpJ
nepw A`nemjan. AXn\m Cuizc\n
CbpmhpI kw`hya. Fm Cu
Ww AYhm khhn[ hnZyIfpsS Zi\hpw
kIe krjvSnPmefpsS \namWhpwCu
izc Dv. C{]Imcw kwt]np ]d
Xn \nv k\ hfscb[nIw a\n
emnsmpw.
thZw Cuizc{]IminXw
23. IXax kznXv, Gh, kx Fv IXax kzntZhkxbpsS
km[mcW ]Z]mTw aljn IXaxkznZv tZh kx Fv
AYw ]dncnpp.
273.274. t]PpIfnse 3 ASnpdnpssS CXv 22mw
ASnpdnmWv.
147
Cuizcs\n Cs\ NpcpndXn
s\pSv thZhnjbw FgpXnpSmw:
bkvamZrtNm A]mX bPqcykvamZ
]mIj; kmam\n bkytemam\yYcvhmwKn
ctkmapJw; kvIw`wXw {_qln IXax kzntZ
hkx

23
(AYhthZw 10. 23. 4. 20)
GXv Cuizc\n \nv EtKzZw, bPqth
Zw, kmathZw AYhthZw Fo \mep thZ
fpw {]IminXamtbm B tZh BcmWv?
""NcmNcsfsbmw krjvSnp cnpsIm
ncnp B ]cammhp Xs'' Fm
Wpcw.
kzbw `q cym Ym XYy tXmYm hyZ [m
mizXo`yx kam`yx (bPq. 40. 8)
kzbw`qhpw, khhym]nbpw, ip\pw, k\m
X \ \pw, \ncm Im c \p amb Cuiz c k\m X
\cpw Pohm m fp amb {]P I fpsS \
bvmbn thZ aptJ\ kIe hnZyItfbpw
bYmXYambn hn[n]qw D]tZinpp.
tNmZyw: Cuiz c \ncm Im c s\tm
kmImcs\tm XmfpsS aXw?
Dcw: \ncmImc\msWv
tNmZyw: \ncmImc\msWn apJanm
XpsImv Ac Dcnphm\pw
thZ hnZy D] tZ in p hm\pw Fs\
km[np? Ac DcnpXn\v Xmep
apX emb m\ fpw Pnlzm {] b Xv \hpw
AXymt]nXamWv.
Dcw: Cuizc khi\pw khhym
]n bp am I bm kzhym ]v Xn aqew Pohm m
p thZhnZy D]tZinpXn\p apJn
tbpw apw Bh iy ta bn . apJw sImpw
Pnlz sImpw htWm m cWw sNp Xv
asmcmsf ]Tnnphm\mWv. kzbw a\nem
m\. apJw Pnlz Fnh {]bXv\nmsX
At\I hnj b tf n bp hnNm c fpw
i_vtZmmcWfpw a\n \SpsImn
cnpp. ssIhncepIsmp sNhn AS
p]nSnpI, apJw, Pnlz , Xmep apXembh
IqSmsX Xs i_vZw DmIpsXns\bm
sWp a\nemIpw. AtXhn[n Xs
bmWv Cuizc Acymanbmbncpv Pohm
mv D]tZiw \InbXv. aphsc
]Tnnm am{XamWv DcntXv. \ncm
Imc\pw khhym]nbpamb Cuizc thZhn
Zysb kw_n D]tZisfmw Pohmm
hnep kzkbm Pohmmsf t_m[n
npIbmWv sNpXv. ]noSp a\pjy B
D]tZis hm sImv Dcnv aphsc
tInpp. AXn\m, Cu tZmjw Cuiz
c\n hcnIbn.
tNmZyw: BcpsS Bmhn, FtmgmWv
thZ {]IminXambXv.
Dcw: Atcv E tKztZm hmtbm cy
PqcvthZx kqcymmathZx (iX. 11. 4.2.3)
Hmas krjvSnbpsS Bcw`n Cuiz
c An, hmbp, BZnXy, AwKnckv Fo
aljnamcpsS Bmhn Hmtcm thZs
{]Iminnp.
tNmZyw: tbm ssh {_mWw hnZ[mXn
]q cv w tbm ssh thZmw { ]ln
tWmXnXsska (tizXmiz 6. 18) CXv D]\n
jZzmIyamWv. {_mhns lrZbnemWv
thZ D]tZinXv FmWtm Cu thZ
hmIyn \np a\nemIpXv. ]ns
An XpS nb Ejn am cpsS Bm hn em
sWp ]dsXs\?
Dcw: {_mhns Bmhn Aym
Zn I aptJ \ bmWv {]Im in X am b Xv . a\p
kvarXn t\mq. An hmbp chn`ykvXp{Xbw
{_k\mX\avZptZml bknyar
KyPqx kmaeWav (a\p. 1. 23)
]c ta iz c krjv Sn bpsS BZn bn a\p
jysc krjvSnXn\ptijw, An XpSnb
\mep aljnam aptJ\ \mep thZtfbpw
{_mhn\v {]m]vXamn, B {_mhv An,
hmbp, BZnXy, AwKnckv Fnhcn \nv
EtKzZw, bPqthZw, kmathZw, AYhthZw
Fo \mep thZtfbpw {Klnp.
tNmZyw: B \mep t]p am{Xta thZ
{]IminXambpq. ampw {]Imin
Xambn. AXn\m Cuizc ]]mXn
bmhpnt?
Dcw: B \mept] am{Xw kIe Pohm
mtfmfpw A[nIw ]hn{Xcmbncpp. ap
h Ahp kZr iy c m bn cp p. Xn
anw ]hn{Xamb thZhnZysb Ahcn {]Im
innn.
148
tNmZyw: thZsf GsXnepw \mp`m
jbn {]IminnmsX kwkvIrXn
{]IminnsXpsImmWv?
Dcw: GsXnepw \mp`mjbn {]Im
innm Cuizc ]]mXnbmIpw. GXp
\mp`mjbn {]Iminnppthm B \mn
ephp thZw ]Tnm\pw ]Tnnphm\pw
Ffphpw ap \mpImp hnjahpw BIpw.
AXpsImmWv kwkvIrXnXs {]Im
innXv. kwkvIrXw GsXnepsamcp tZi
nse \mp`mjbXm\pw. IqSmsX thZ`mj
thsdbp kIe`mjIfpsSbpw aqeamIpp.
AXp sIm mWv AXns thZ sf
{]ISnnXv. `qan apXemb CuizckrjvSnI
sfmw Fm \mnepaphv Hcpt]mse
bm bncnpIbpw Fm inev ] hn Zy Ipw
Imc W am bn cn p Ibpw sNp Xp t]mse
Cuiz cs `mjbpw s]mXp hm bn cn Ww.
Fnte Fm \mpImpw ]Tnphm\pw ]Tn
nphm\pw Xpeyamb {]bXv\w thnhcq.
As\ Cuizc ]]mXnbmXmhpIbpw
sNpw. kwkvIrXw ap kIe `mjIfpsSbpw
ImcWamb aqe`mjbmWtm.
thZ CuizcIrXw Xs.
tNmZyw: thZ Cuiz c c Nn Xm Wv .
A\yIrXa FXn\v {]amWw FmWv?
Dcw: Cuiz c Fs\ ]hn {X \pw,
khhnZymhm\pw, ipKpWIkz`mh
tfmSpIqSnbh\pw, \ymbImcnbpw, Zbmephpw
C{]Imcap hnhn[ KpWtfmSpIqSnbh\pw
BtWm As\ CuizcsKpWIakz`mh
sfsbmw {]Xn]mZnp {Kw Cuizc
IrXw Xs. A\yIrXa. krjvSn{Ian\pw
{]Xy m Zn {] am W pw ]hn {Xm m
fmb B]vXmcpsS {]hrnIpw hncp
ambn Hpw Xs ]dnnm {KtatXm
AXv Cuiz c IrXw Xs bm Wv . Cuizcs
m\w Fs\ {àclnXamtWm As\
{à c ln X amb m\s shfn hm p
{Kw Cuiztcmw XsbmWv. Cuizc\pw
Cuizcs krjvSn{Iahpw GXphn[nep
XmtWm AtXhn[n Cuizct\bpw Cuiz
ckrjvSnbpsS ImcyImcWsfbpw Pohmm
tfbpw {]Xn]mZnpXpw {]XymZn {]am
Wv Ahncphpw ipmmhns kz`m
h tmSp hntcm [ an m Xpw Bb {Kw
Cuizcs XncphmbvsamgnXs. CXmWv thZ
. AmsX ss__n, JpB apXem
b h b CXns kv ]jv S amb hymJym\w
ss__nfns\nbpw JpBs\nbpw ]dbp
h ]Xnaqpw ]Xn\mepw kapmkfnep
v .
tNmZyw: thZ Cuizc\n \npm
tI Bhiytabn. Fsm, a\pjy
{ItaW m\w hnnv ]noSv ]pkvX
IsagpXnsmpw.
Dcw: Hcn ep an . ImcWw IqSmsX
Imcyw DmIppXv Akw`hyamWv. Imn
Xmaknp a\pjy {]IrXnsbv Adn
hp h cm Ip n . Bsc nepw ]Tn n m
hnZzm m cm hp Ibpw sNp p. Cpw Bsc
nepw ]TnnmsX Bcpw hnZzmmcmIpn
. AXpt]mse Cuizc krjvSnbpsS BZy
Imepmb B aljnamp thZhnZy
D]tZinpIbpw Ah aphsc ]Tnnp
Ibpw sNbvXncpnsn kIecpw Adnhn
m h cm bn cp t s\. Hcp Ipnsb P\\w
apX GImamb ev, arKfpsStbm
]Tnnm a\pjycpsStbm Iqn ]mn
p ]w B Ipn Ahtctmsebmbno
cpw. ImpPmXnmcmb òepIfpw apamWv CXn
\pZmlcWw. Bcymhn \nv hnm
\kv ]pdpt]mImXncp Imea{Xbpw
an{iw (CuPn]vv) bq\m ({Kokv) bqtdmv apX
emb cmPyfnep a\pjyv hnZym`ymkw
Hpta Dmbncpn. CwpImcpw

24
ap
amb sImfw _kv apX em b h Ata cn bn
tep t]mIpXn\p apv AhnsSbph
Bbncw, ew F tImSn kwhc
fmbn aqV cm bn cp p. ]noSp \ hnZym
`ymkw e`nXpsImv Ah hnZzmmcmbn
An[w a\pjyv krjvSnbpsS BZnbn
]cammhn \np hnZybpw inWhpw e`n
XpsImmWv ]noSp Imefn hnZzm
mcmbn `hnXv.
24. Cwv ae bm f nse "ioa bpsS ]cym b am Wv .
sImfw_kv t]mpKokpImc\mbncpsv CXn
\Yan.
149
k ]qcvthjma]n Kpcpx Imte\m\ht
ZmXv (tbmKZi\w k. ]m. 26) Cmes
Aym]IcpsS ASp ]Tnp hnZzmmcm
Ip hw Cuiz c krjv Sn bpsS Bcw `
n Dmb An apXemb aljnamcpsS
Kpcp BIp p. Fs m Pohm m
kpjp ]v Xym h bnepw {]f b Im epw
m\ c ln X cm hp Xp t]mse Cuiz c
m\clnX\mhpn. Cuizcs m\w
\nXyamIpp. AXn\m, \nanw IqSmsX
\nan mYw Dm hp I bn sp \n bn
Ww.
tNmZyw: thZ kwkv Ir X `m j bn
emWv {]IminXambXv. An XpSnb Ejn
P\ B kwkvIrX`mj Adnncp
Xpan. ]ns, Fns\bmWv Ah thZ
fpsS Aw a\nemnbXv?
{_mWw
Dcw: Cuizc XsbmWv Ahp
a\ n em n sm Sp Xv . [a X ev ] c mcpw
tbmKnIfpamb aljnam GXp a{ns
AYw Adn b W sa m {K lnv kam [n bn en
cpp Cuizckzcq]ns [ym\n \na
cm Ip tm Cuiz c B Aòjv S a{
ns AYw Ahp shfnhmnsmSp
ncpp. Cns\ At\Iw aljnamcpsS
Bmfn thZmw {]ImintXmSpIqSn
ap\nam B AYtbpw EjnamcpsS Ncn
{X tfbpw shfn hm n smv {K
cNnp. B {K {_ns thZn
s hymJym \ fm b Xp sImv Ahbv p
{_mWw Fp t]cmbn. IqSmsX Ejtbm
a{ZrjvSbx a{mk{mZpx (\ncpw
1. 20) GXp a{mns Zi\w GXv
Ejn p mtbm GXp a{ms GXv
Ejn amcpw IdnbpXn\p apmbn Bcm
dnp aphsc t_m[nnpthm

25
B
a{ tm Sp IqSn B Ejn bpsS \ma t[bw
Hm bv mbn Ct hsc Fgp Xn hcp
pv.

26
EjnamcmWv a{fpmnbXv
Fp ]dbph anYymhmZnIfmsWp a\
nemWw. Ejnam a{fpsS AYs
{]Iminnnph am{XamWv.
tNmZyw: GsXmw {KmWp thZ
sap t] DXv?
Dcw: Ev, bPqv, kmaw, AYh thZw
Fo a{kwlnXIv am{Xta Dq; asm
n\pw C.
tNmZyw: a{{_mWtbmthZ\mat[
bav apXemb ImXymb\IrXamb {]Xnm
kq{X n\pw apw F amWp ]d bp
Xv?
Dcw: t\mq. kwlnXm ]pkvXIns
Bcw`nepw A[ymbmhkm\hpw thZiv_vZw
]pcmX\Imew apX FgpXn hcpp. {_m
W{Kns Bcw`nepw A[ymbns
Ah km \ nepw Fpw Fgp Xn bn p an .
IqSmsX \ncpn CXy]n \nKtam `h
Xn. CXn (N) {_mWw (5,3,4) Otm
{_mlvaWm\n N XZznjbmWn (AjvSm 4,2,
66) CXp ]mWn\obkq{XamWv.
a{ `m K amWp thZ sapw {_mWw
hymJym\`mKamsWpw CXn \np kv]jvS
am W tm. Cu hnj b n hnti j ] T\w
B{Klnph Rm cNnnp ""EtKzZmZn
`mjy`qanI'' (thZ]cyS\w) t\mpI. At\Iw
{]amWp hncpambXpsImp ImXym
b\ hN\w {]amWamm ]mSn FmWv
AhsS kaYnnpXv. CXns\ {]amWambn
kzoIcnm thZ k\mX\fmXmIp
sa mWv Imc Ww. {_m W {K fn
At\Iw aljn am cp sSbpw cmPm m cp
sSbpw apw Ncn{Xw ImWmw. Pohn X n\p
25 a{mYw I Ejnamcn cphn`mKapv. Hv,
Ahv apv Bcpw a{mYw Isnbnnm
h. cv ]qhEjnam AYw Isnbncps
nepw kzbw AYw Isn ]Tnnnh. CXpsIm
mWv Nne kqpw a{pw Hne
[nIw Ejn amsc \nt in n p Xv . Nne AYw
Isnbnpw Bpw AY{]Imi\w \Snbn
pmhpIbn Fpw hcmw. tKm]Y {_mWw D
cmw 61 ""hnizman{Xx {]Ya a]iyXv Ghm
Xzman { h {Po (E.4 19) Xm hnizm an t{XW
ZrjvSm hmatZthm f krPXv. '' Ghm Xzman{h
{Pn F a{w hnizman{X BZyw Zinp. hnizm
an {X I Xns\ hma tZ h krjv Snp (^ e h
mn D]tZinp) XmWvUy{_mWn inip
BMvKnckns\ A[ym]I F AYn a{
IrXv (a{{ZjvSmhv) Fp]dbppv. (13.3.24)
26 thZm\p {IaWnIfn a{ns Ejn BcmsWv
\ntinp t]mcpp.
150
tijamWtm Hcphs Ncn{Xw FgpXpXv.
B {Khpw Ahs P\ \ n\p tij am
WpmhpI. thZfn BcpsSbpw Ncn{Xw
C. hnZym t_m[w Df hm p i_v Z tf
htbm AhbmWv AXn {]tbmKnnpXv.
GsXnepw a\pjys t]tcm IYtbm IYm
k`tam thZfnen.
thZimJI
tNmZyw: thZv F{X imJIfpv?
Dcw: Bbncn Hcp\qn Ccp]tgv
tNmZyw:imJ Fp ]dmsev?
Dcw: imJ Fp ]dbpXv hymJym
\amWv.
tNmZyw: temI n hnZzm m thZ
ns Ah b h `q X fmb hn`m K sf
imJIfmbn KWnmdnt?
Dcw: sXsmp Nnnm icnbmWv.
D imJ I Biz em b \ apX emb
aljnamcpsS t]cn {]knfmWv. a{
kwlnXI Cuizcs \man {]kn
fmWv. \mep thZfpw CuizcIrXamsWp
\nbnpXpt]mse ""Bizemb\n'' apX
emb imJI AXmXp aljnamcpsS cN\
IfmsWt{X hnizmkw. Fm imJIfnepw
a{fpsS {]XoIw FSpnmWv hymJym
\n p Xv . ssXn cn b im J bn ""Ctj
tXzmcv tP tXzXn'' apX emb {]Xo I
FSpp hymJym\npXv CXn\pZmlcW
am Wv . thZ kw ln X I fn em I s, {]Xo I
sfmpw FSp n n . AXn \m, Cuiz
cIrXfmb \mep thZ aqehrfpw
AhbpsS Bizemb\mZn imJI EjnIrX
fpw BIpp. Ahsbmpw CuizcIrXa
. CtX n hnti j hym Jym\w EtKz ZmZn
`mjy`qanIbnepv. amXm]nXmm km
\ fn Ir]m Zr jv Sn sNm cnv A`yp Zbw
ImwnpXpt]mse Cuizc kIea\p
jycnepw Ir]sNmcnv thZsf shfnhm
nbncnpp. AXpsImv a\pjy Am
\m Im c am Ip taml Pm e n \np
tamNnv hnZymm\amIp kqcys\ {]m]n
v, B\nemdmSpIbpw hnZytbbpw kpJ
tbpw hnnpIbpw sNs.
\nXym\nXyhnNmcw
tNmZyw: thZ \nXytfm A\nXy
tfm?
Dcw: \nXyfmWv. Cuizc \nXy\m
b Xp sImv At l ns m\m Zn Kp W
fpw \nXyfmWv. \nXyhkvXpfpsS KpW
Iakz`mh \nXyfpw A\nXyhkvXp
fptSXv A\nXyfpw BIpp.
tNmZyw: Cu ]pkvXIhpw \nXyamtWm?
Dcw: A. Cu ]pkvXIw, ISemv, ajn
FnhsImv DmnbXmWv. AsXs\
\nXyamIpw? i_vZmfpw Ahbvp Xn
ep _hpw am{Xta \nXyamIppq.
tNmZyw: Cuizc Ejnamv m\w
\ev In sbpw Ah m\ n \np
thZ cNnpshpw hpIqtS?
Dcw: tbw IqSmsX m\ an .
Kmb{XymZn OpI, jUvPmXnIfpw DZm
m\pZmmZnIfpamb kzc FnhbpsS
m\tmSpIqSn Kmb{XymZn OpIsf
\nn p Xn\pw m\ k qW amb
imkv{XcN\bvpw kh\mb Cuizc
\ msX ampw kmaYy an . thZ
A[yb\w sNbvXp Ignv hnZyIsf shfn
hm p Xn\v aljn am hymI c Ww, \ncp
w, Okv apXembh cNnnpspXv
t\cmWv. Cuizc thZsf {]Iminnns
n Bpw Hpw \nnphm IgnbpI
bn. AXn\m thZ CuiztcmamWv.
kIeP\fpw Ahsb A\pkcnp \Sp
Ibpw thWw. ""\n fpsS aXw FmWv ?''
Fp tNmZnm ""RfpsS aXw thZamWv,
thZ n Fsmw hn [n n p tm
AsXmw R kzoIcnpp'' FmWv
Dcw ]dtbXv.
C\n krjvSnhnjbsn hymJym\nmw.
ChnsS kwn ]v X ambn Cuiz c s\ n bpw,
thZhnjbsnbpw hymJym\np.
{ioabm\ kckzXokzmanI
cNn kXymY]Imin
CuizcthZhnjbsf
hymJym \n p
Ggmw kapmkw Ignp.
151
kXym{]Imiw Fmw kapmkw
152
kXym{]Imiw DXv]n nXn {]fbw
153
1. Cbw hnkrjvSncyX B _`qh bZn hm
Zt[ bZn hm \x tbm Akym[yx ]cta
thymatm AwK thZ bZn hm \ thZ.
2. Xa Bkoakm Kqlat{K {]tIXw
kenew kcvham CZw; Xpty\m`z]nlnXw
bZmko ]kkvXln\mPmbssXIav.
(E 10 129. 7.3)
3. lncWyKcv`x kahcvXmt{K `qXky
PmX ]XntcI BknXv; kZm[mc ]rYnhnw
ZymaptXamw Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[
a. (E. 10. 121.1)
4. ]pcpj GthZMv kcvhw bZv`qXwb
`mhyw; DXmarXXztkyimt\m bZt\mXn
tcmlXn. (bPq. 31.2)
5. btXm hm Cam\n `qXm\n Pmbt;
tb\ PmX \n Pohn; bXv {]by`n kwhn
in; XZzn PnPvRmkkz; XZv {_. (ssX
ncntbm]\njv. `rKphn. A\p:1)
1. tl AMvK a\pjym Bcn \nv Cu
sshhn[yam PKv {]IminXamtbm Bcv
Cu PKns nXn kwlmc sNp
pthm, Bcv Cu PKns A[n]\mtWm
Fpw \ndncnp Bcn Cu temIw
apgph\pw DXv]n, nXn, {]fbsf {]m]n
ppthm Ah\t{X Cuizc. Atls
\o At\z jn dn bp I. am scbpw krjv Sn
Imhmbn IcpXcpXv.
2. krjvSnpapv Cu PKsmw Iqcncp
psImv aqSnbXpw cm{Xnt]mse AZriyhpw
Bbncpp. BImicq]amb PKp apgph\pw
Cuizcs\ At]nv Xphpw adpInSp
Xp am bn cp p. ]noSv Cuiz c Xs
kmaYywsImv ImcWcq]n \nv Imcy
cq]amn.
3. Atbm a\pjy! kqcy apXemb tXtPm
abhkvXpv B[mchpw CXphsc Dm
bXpw Dm Ip Xpw Bb temI ns
GI\pw AZznXob\pw A[n]\pamb Bb ]c
ammhv Cu PKns Dhn\pw apv
Dmbncpp. `qan apX kqcyhscbp PK
ns\ krjvSn B ]camtZhs\ kvt\l
]qhw `Pnphn.
4. Fmnepw \ndptahp ]pcpj\pw
\miclnXamb ImcW{]IrXnbpsSbpw Poh
sbpw \mY\pw AtNX\w, tNX\w Fnh
bn \np `n\pamb ]pcpj\mWv `qX, `hn
jy Xv h am \ fn hn p PK
ns {kjvSmhv.
5. ]rYn hym Zn I fmb kI e `q X fpw
BcpsS krjvSnbmtWm Bcn Ahsbmw
nXn sN p Ibpw {]e bn p Ibpw sNp
pthm B ]cammhp XsbmWv {_w.
8
Fmw kapmkw
kXymY{]Imiw
krjvSnbpsS DXv]n nXn, {]fbw
AY krjvSnhnjbav {]hymax
C\n krjvSnbpsS DXv]n nXn, {]fbw Fo hnjb hymJym\npp.
154
AXns\ Adnbphm B{Klnq. PmZyky
bXx (thZm kq. A. 1. ]m. 1. kq. 2.) Cu
PK ns krjv Sn nXn e b GXn
\nv DmIppthm B {_w XsbmWv
AdnbstSXv.
tNmZyw: Cu PKv Cuizc\n \ntm
ap hXn \nptam DmbXv?
Dcw: \nanImcWamb Cuizc\n
\nmWv DhnXv. Fm CXns D]mZm
\ImcWw {]IrXnbmWv.
tNmZyw: {]IrXnsb krjvSnXv Cuiz
c\t?'
Dcw:A. AXv A\mZnbmWv.
tNmZyw: FmWv A\m Zn sbp ]d
m? A\m Zn bmbn F{X ]ZmY
Dv?
Dcw: BZnImcWtam Dhkabtam
CmXmWv A\mZn. Cuizc, Poh, PK
ns ImcWw Fnh aqpw A\mZnbmWv.
tNmZyw: CXn\p {]amWw?
Dcw: 1. Zzm kp]WmkbpPm kJmbm
kam\w hrw ]cnjkzPmtX; Xtbmc\yx
]new kzmZzy \ iv \ t\ym A`nNmI
ioXn. (E. 1. 164. 20)
2. imizXo`yx kam`yx. (bPp. 40. 8)
1 (Zzm) {_w Pohmmhv Ch cpw (kp
]m) tNX\Xzw ]me\Xzw apXemb KpW
sfsmv Xpeyfpw (kbpPm) hym]y
hym]I`mhtmSp IqSnbhbpw (kJmbm) ]c
kv]cw an{Xfpw k\mX\fpw A\mZnIfpw
BIpp. IqSmsX (kam\av) A{]Imcw (hr
w) aqecq]amb A\mZn ImcWhpw, imJm
cq]nbmb Imcybpamb hrw AXmbXv,
qecq]n {]ISambn {]fbn On
`n am bn tm Ip Xv aqm as A\m Zn ]
ZmYw BIpp Cu aqnsbpw KpWIa
kz`mhfpw A\mZnIfmWv. Poh{_fn
Hv , AXm bXv Poh hr cq ] amb Cu
temIn ]pWy]m]fmIp êsf
(kzmZzn) kzmtZmsS A\p`hnpp. ]cam
mhmIs, Iaêsf (A\iv\) A\p
`hnmsX \mep`mKpwAIpw ]pdpw
kh{X{]IminpsImncnpp. Cuizc
Poh\n \npw Poh Cuizc\n \npw
`nhpw {]IrXn Ch c n \np `n cq
]nbpw Ch aqpw A\mZnIfpw BIpp.
2. (imizXo`yx) A\mZnIfpw k\mX\
fpamb PohmmfmIp Xs {]PIv
]c am mhv thZw hgn kIe hnZy I tfbpw
t_m[nnnpv.
3. APm taImw temln X ip Irjv Wmw
_lzox {]Pmx krP am\mw kzcq]mx AtPm
tlytIm PqjamtWm\ptitX PlmtXy\mw
`pt`mKmatPm\yx (tizXmizXtcm]\njXv
4. 5)
CXv D]\nj nep hN\amIpp. {]Ir
Xn, Pohmmhv, ]cammhv Cu aqpw AP
Hcn epw P\n m h BWv . Cu
aqpw kIe temInsbpw ImcWfm
Ipp. ChbpsS ImcWfmbn bmsXmpw
C. A\mZnbmb Pohmmhv A\mZnbmb
{]Ir Xnsb A\p ` hnv AXn AI sp
t]mIpp. ]cammhmIs, AXns\ `pPnp
Itbm AXn AIsSpItbm sNpn.
{]IrXnbpsS cq]w
Cuizcsbpw Pohsbpw eWw Cuiz
ckzcq]hnjbn ]dpIgnp. C\n
{]IrXnbpsS eWw ]dbmw:
kXzcPkvXakmw kmaymhm {]IrXnx
{]IrtXcvalm altXmlm tcmlmcmXv
] Xm{XmWyp ` b an {nbw ] X m
t{X`yx qe`qXm\n ]pcpj CXn ]hni
XncvKWx. (kmwJyZi\w 1. 61)
(kXzw) ipw (cPx) ayw (Xax) PmUyw
AYhm PUX Fo aqp hkvXp Hn
ptN kwLmXns t]cmWv {]IrXn.
{]IrXnbn \np alXzw AYhm _pn
bpw, AXn \nv Almchpw, AXn \nv
]Xm{XIfpw]`qXfpsS kqvacq
]]v C{nbfpw ]Xns\mmas
a\pw, ]Xm{XIfn \np ]rYnhymZn
Ifmb ]`qXfpw, Cs\ Ccp]n\m
epIqw DmIpp. Ccp]nbmatXmb
]pcpj Poh\pw Cuizc\pamIpp. Chbn
{]IrXn AhnImcnWnbpw

1
alXzw Al
mcw, ]Xm{XI Fnh {]IrXnbpsS
1. {]IrXn Imcy hkvXph FYw
155
Imcyfpw {]IrXn, C{nb, a\v, qe
`qX FnhbpsS ImcWhpw BIpp.
]pcpj asmntbpw {]IrXnD]mZm\Im
c Ww A; asm n \n p m Ip
Imcyhpw A.
tNmZyw:
1. ktZh tkmtayZa{K BkoXv.
(OmtmKyw. 6. 2. 1)
2. AkZzm CZa{K BkoXv.
(ssX. D. {_. 7)
3. BssthZa{K BkoXv.
(_rl 1. 4. 1.)
4. {_hm CZa{K BkoXv.
(iX 11. 1. 11. 1.)
Chsbmw D]\njpIfnep hmIy
fmIpp. tltizXtItXm

2
krjvSnp
apv Cu PKv 1. kpw 2 Akpw 3.
Bmhpw 4. {_kzcq]hpw Bbncpp.
XpSv: XssZX _lpx kymw {]Pm
tbtbXn tkmfIm abX _lpx kymw {]Pm
tbtbXn (ssX. D. {_. 6) B ]cammhp
Xs C sIm v At\Iw cq ]
ssIsmp.
kcv hw JeznZw {_t\l \m\mkv Xn
In\

3
CXpw D]\njnep hN\am
Wv. "CmWp PKp apgph\pw {_am
sWpXn kwiban. AXn \m\m
{] Im c n ep ]ZmY bmsXmpw
C. Fmw {_w XsbmWv.'
Dcw: Cu hN\v A\Yw ]dbp
sXn\v? Fsm AtX D]\njp
I fn ( G h tah Jep) tkmaym t\
ipMv tK \mt]m aqe a \zn m Zv `n tmay
ipMvtK\ tXtPmaqea\zn tXPkm tkmay
ipMvtK\ kqea\zn kqemx tkmtayamx
(kcvhmx) {]Pmx kZmbX\mx kXv{]XnjvTmx
(OmtmKyw 6. 8. 4)
tizXtItXm! Acq]amb ]rYnhoImcy
n \nv Pecq]m aqeImcWs \o
AdnbpI. Imcycq]amb Pem tXtPmcq
] amb aqe Im c W t bpw, tXtPm cq ] amb
Imcym k{Zq]ImcWamb \nXyamb {]Ir
Xntbbpw a\nempI. kXykzcq]amb Cu
{]IrXn kIe PKnsbpw aqeImcWhpw
\nhmkm\hpamWv. Cu PKp apgph\pw
krjvSnpapv Akn\p Xpeyw Bbncpp.
Pohmmhpw {_hpw {]IrXnbn

4
ebnv
hnncpp. Hnsbpw A`mhw Cmbn
cpp. kw Jep F hN\w Av Ipf
v, hnp tNmv Fm\p \mbcv ]fv
Fp ]dXpt]mse tNbnmXmWv.
khw JeznZw {_ Xem\nXn im
D]m koX (Om tmKy 3. 14. 1) t\l
\m\mkvXn In\ ( IT. D. 2. 4. 11.)
icocnep Ahbh icochpambn
tNncnptm Imcyahpw ths]Sp
tm \njvInbfpamIpp. AXpt]mse
k` n\p tbmPn hmIy am{Xta
AYkw]pjvSamIppq. Hcp {]IcWn
\ns Spv thsd h hmIy hp ambn Iqn
tm Ah \ncIfmIpw. Cd
hN\ns AYw CXmWv: Pohmmth,
\o {_s D]mknpI. GXp {_n
\nv PKns Dn, nXn, BZnbmb
Akv XnXzw kw` hn p pthm GsXmp
krjvSnv [mcWw sNbvIbm Cu PKv
hnppthm Cu PKv GXns kl
N cn X amtWm

5
B {_s hnv asm
ns\ D]mkncpXv. tNX\mam{Xhpw AJ
WvUhpw GIckhpw Bb {_n ap
]e hkv Xp tbmPn n cn p n . Ah
sbmw AXm Xns kzcq ] n shtsd
Cuizc\mIp GIm[mcn hnpp.
aqp ImcW
tNmZyw: PK n\v G{X Imc W
Dv?
2 Cu kwt_m[\ BZy DcWntbmSv tNXm
Wv. \mensbpw AYw Hnp ]dp Ftbpq.
3. CXv GsXnepw {]mamWnI D]\njnse hN
\a. AXpsImmWv ssP\mNmcym, Ir{XntaWm
]ymKta\ Xsskyh {]Xn]mZ\mXv. DwN khw
sshJeznZw {_ t\l \m\mkv XnIn\ Ir{Xnaamb
BKa{]amWmepw AXns\ Cs\ {]Xn]mZnncn
pXv. ]dbpIbmWv. khw JeznZw.... Cu {]amWw
IamsWYw. (kymZzmZaRvPcn SoIm. tmIw 13).
4. Bivtfjnv.
5 {_ns klNcnXwIqsSbpXv.
hnpamdmXv FYw.
156
Dcw: aqv . Hm a tXp \nan w,
cmatXv D]mZm\w, aqmatXp km[m
cWw. Bcv DmpXpsImv DmhpIbpw
Dm m Xn cp m Dm Im Xn cn p Ibpw
sNp pthm Abm fmWv \nan Im c Ww.
kzbw DmImsX asmns\ DmpXv
FYw. AXnmsX Hpw DmIpntbm
Ahmcw {]m]nv DmhpIbpw hnLSn
pIbpw sNptXtXm AXmWv D]mZm\
ImcWw. km[mcW ImcWw Fp ]dbpXv
DmpXn\v hgnbpw kmam\y eyhpam
IpXns\bmWv. \nanImcWw cp hn[
nepv. krjvSnbnep kakvXhkvXp
sfbpw D]mZm\ImcWn \nv Dmp
Ibpw \ne \np Ibpw \in n p Ibpw
{]hnnpIbpw sNp Cuizc\mWv
Ghpw apJyamb BZn \nanImcWw. cm
atXv, Cuizcs krjvSnbnep hkvXp
fm hnhn[ Imcym c fp m p
km[mcW \nanImcWamb PohmmhmWv.
kIe temItfbpw \nnphm\p kma
{Kn bmb {]Ir Xn sb ]c am Wp fmWv
D]mZm\ ImcWw. AtNX\amb AXn\v kzbw
DmIphmt\m \inphmt\m Ignhn. AXv
asmcm Dmnbm DmhpIbpw \in
n m \in p Ibpw sNpp. Nnetm
PU\nann \nv PUhkvXp Dmhp
Ibpw CmXmhpIbpw sNmdpv. Cuizc cNn
Xamb hnv anhoWv Pew Inptm
apfv acambnocpp. An apXemb AtN
X\hkvXp \nanw Ah \inpIbpw
sNpp. Fm ChbpsS \nba]qhIamb
\nmWhpw \mihpw Cuizcstbm, Poh
stbm A[o\XbnemWv. Hcp hkvXphns
\nm W n m\w, Zi \w, _ew
lkvXw apXemb hnhn[ km[\fpw tZiw,
Imew, BImiw Fnhbpw km[mcW Imc
WfmWv. DZmlcWn\v IpSw Dmp
tm Ipih \nanImcWhpw, av D]m
Zm\\nImcWhpw, dmv, N{Iw XpSnb D]I
cW kmam\y\nanhpw tZiw, Imew,
BImiw, {]Imiw, Iv, ssIv, m\w,
{Inb Fnhsbmw km[mcW \nanImc
Whpw BIp p. Cu aqp Imc W
IqSmsX bmsXmpw DmhpItbm \inp
Itbm C.
Cuizc PKns
D]mZm\hpw \nanhptam?
tNmZyw: \ho\ thZmnI Cuizcs\
PKns \nanImcWambpw D]mZm\Im
cWambpw KWnpptm.
btYmcv\m`n krPtX KrlvWtX N (ap
WvU. 1. 1. 7) CXv D]\njZzN\amWv. Nnen
]pdta\np bmsXmcp ]Zmhpw FSpm
sX, Xs icocn \np \nfnp
\q sImp hebpmn, AXn kzbw
Ifnp sImncnpXpt]mse {_hpw
Xn Xs PKns\ krjvSnv kzbw
PKzcq]\mbn {IoUnp sImncnpI
bmWv. ""Rm At\I hn[nephP
K Zm Im c Bbn ocpw'' Fn s\
Cnv B {_w Xs tIhew kev]w
sImpam{Xw khPKzcq]\mbn ]cnW
anpIbmWp sNbvXnpXv. Fsm:
BZmht N bmkv Xn hamt\]nfX
Ym.
2
amWvUqIyImcnIbmWnXv. apv Dm
ImXpw HSphn CmXpamb hkvXp
h am \ nepw Cm Xm Wv . krjv Sn
bpsS BZnbn PKv Dm bn cp n .
{_w Dm bn cp p Xm \pw. {]f b ns
Ahkm\n temIw \ne\nevpIbn,
{_w am{Xta tijnpIbpq. Atm
h am \ Im e n PKp apgp h\pw
FpsImp {_a?
Dcw: \n ]dbp{]Imcw {_w
PKns D]mZm\ImcWamsWn, AXv
]cnWmahnt[bhpw AhmcapXpw, am
n\p hnt[bhpw BsWp hcpw. IqSmsX
D]mZm\ImcWns KpWIakz`mh
Imcynepw hpIqSpw. ImcWKpW]qhIx
ImcyKptWm ZrjvS (ssh. Z. 2. 1. 24) D]mZm
\ Im c W ns KpW p kZr i amb
KpW Imcynepw DmIpw. {_w kn
Zm\kzcq]amWv. PKp Imcycq]amIbm
Akpw PUhpw B\ c ln Xhpw BWv .
{_w P\nmXmWv. PKv DmbXmWv.
{_w AZr iyhpw PKv Zriy hp am Wv .
{_w AJWvUhpw PKv JWvUhpamWv.
]rYnhn XpSnb Imcysfmw {_n
\nv Dm b Xm sW n Ah bn ep PU
157
XzmZn KpW {_nepw DmIpw. Ah
AtN X \ am bn cn p Xp t]mse {_hpw
AtNX\amsWp hcpw. Cizc tNX\am
Ibm ]rYnhymZnIfpw tNX\amsWp hcpw.
NnenbpsS DZmlcWw \nfpsS aXs
km[q I cn p Xn\p ]I cw, JWv Un p
IbmWp sNp Xv . PU cq ] amb icocw
\qens D]m Zm\ Imc W am Wv . Pohm mhv
\nanImcWhpw AXpw Cuizcs ApX
Icamb krjvSnbpsS alXzamWv. asmcp ico
cn \npw \qepmm Pohmmhn\p
km[npn. AXpt]mse Xs, hym]I
amb {_w XnepXpw hym]yhpamb {]Ir
Xn, ]camWp Fo ImcWfn \np
qePKns\ krjvSnv _mlyambn qe
amnbnv kzbw kmnbmbn AXnsepw
\ndp\nv B\abambn hnpp.
""Rm kIe PKnt\bpw krjvSnp {]kn
\mIpw'' Fns\ Cuizc CuWw
sNbvXm AXmbXv B{KlnpItbm, Zin
p Itbm, hnNm cn p I tbm, Iman p Itbm
sNbvXnpsn AXns Xmev]cyanXmWv:
PKv Dm Ip tm am{Xta Pohm m
fpsS hnNm cw, m\w, [ym\w, D] tZ iw,
{ihWw Fnbm Cuizc {]kn\mhp
Ibpw At\Iw qe ] Zm tfm Sp IqSn
hn p Ibpw sNp p q. {]f bm h
bn Cuizc\pw apcmb Pohmmfpa
msX amcpw {_s Adnbpn. AXn
\m Cu Imcn I( {` a P \y am Wv . krjv Sn p
app {]fbImev PKv Dmbncpn.
krjvSnbpsS Ahkm\n, AXmbXv {]f
b ns Bcw`w apX ASp krjv Sn
DmIpXphsc PKns ImcWw kqva
ambn A{]knambncnpp.
Xa Bkoakm Kqlat{K (E. 10. 129.
3) BkoZnZw Xtam `qXa{]mXaeWw
A{] Xcv Iya hntbw {]kp ]v X anh
kcvhX (a\p. 1. 5)
Cu PKp apgph\pw krjv Snpaps
{]fbn AImcm BhrX(Bm
ZnX)ambncpp. {]fbmcw`tijhpw As\
Xsbmbncnpw. B kabv CXmcpsSbpw
Adn hn tem, `mh \ bntem sImp h cmt\m
C{nbthZyamImt\m Xhw, kv]jvvSamb
NntfmSp IqSnbXpw Bbncpn. Bhp
Ibpan. ham\Imen am{Xta PK
ns\ Adnbm Ignbq. kv]jvSamb ASbm
ftfmSpIqSn Adnbmdmhptm am{Xta D
Xpt]mse Adnbm IgnbpIbpq. AXn\m
ImcnIm cN bn Xmhv h am \ nepw PK
n\v A`mhw Dsp ]dXv Xopw
A{]mamWnIamWv. kqvaambn Adnbp
bm {]amW aptJ\ AdnbpXpw {]m]n
pXpw Hcnepw hn]coX hn[nemIm
hgn bn .
krjvSnbpsS {]tbmP\w
tNmZyw: PK ns\ \nn p Xp
sImv Cuizc\v FmWv {]tbmP\w?
Dcw: \nn m Xn cn p Xp sImv
FmWp {]tbmP\w?
tNmZyw: PKns\ \nnmXncpm
Cuizc\v B\n \na\mImw. Pohm
m p kpJ Zpx J Dm hp I bp
an.
Dcw: Aekcpw Zcn{Zcpamb BfpItf
Cs\ ]dbq. ]pcpjmYnI ]dbpIbn.
{]fbmhkcn Pohmmv kpJtam
ZpxJtam? krjvSnbnse kpJZpxJsf Xmc
Xayw sNbvXpt\mnbm kpJw ZpxJt
m F{Xtbm aSv A[n I amWv Fp
ImWmw. krjvSnbpfftm At\Iw ]cnip
cmb Pohmm tamtm]mb km[
\ sNbv Xv tam ns B\w t\Sp p.
sImcpXmh kZm DdnnSpXp
t]mse {]fbn Pohm \njv{Inb
cmbncnpp. ]qhkrjvSnbnse Pohmm
p ]pWy]m]IafpsS êw sImSp
phm Cuizc\v Fs\ Ignbpw? Pohmm
AsX s\ A\p ` hn p w? Ip
sImsp {] tbm P\w F tNmZy n\v
ImgvN Ft Dcw ]dbq? AXpt]mse,
PK Xv kr jv Sn p m\w, _ew, {Inbm
in Fnh Cuiz c \p Xp sImv PK
Xv\namWamsX asp {]tbmP\w? thsd
{]tbm P \ ap sp ]d bp hm Ign bp I bn
tm? IqSmsX Cuizcs \ymbw, Zb apX
emb KpW krjvSnbnse kmYIamhp
Ibpq. Cuizcs A\amb kmaYyw PK
158
ns krjvSn nXn {]fbfpsS \nh
lWneqsS am{Xta kêamhq. Ins
kzm`m hnI KpW amWv Imgv N. AXp t]mse
Cuiz cs kzm`m hn I KpWw PK ns\
krjv Snv Pohm m smw AkwJyw
]ZmY \ev In ]tcm ] Imcw sNp I b
t{X.
tNmZyw: hntm actam BZyw DmbXv?
Dcw: hnm Wv . Fs m hnv ,
tlXp, \nZm\w, \nanw, ImcWw apXemb
]Z sfmw Htc AYs Ipdn p p.
hnv FXp ImcWns asmcp ]cymbw
am{Xw. AXn \m AXp Imcy n\p app
Xs DmIWw.
tNmZyw: khinam\mIbm Cuiz
c\v Imc W tfbpw Pohm m tfbpw
DXv]mZnnphm Ignbpw. IgnbpIbns
n khinam\mbncnpIbn.
Dcw: kh i n am F Xn s
AYw apv Fgp Xn bn p v . Akw ` h amb
Imcy IqSnsNpXmtWm khin
am Fp ]dbpXn\p ImcWw? ImcWw
IqSmsX Imcyw \nanpI apXemb Akw
`h IrXy \Sphm Hcmp Ignbp
san bmsXmcp ImcWhpw IqSmsX asmcp
Cuiz cs\ krjv Sn p hm t\m, B lXy
sNmt\m, ZpxJnX\mIphmt\m A\ymbIm
cnbpw A]cnip\pw ZpcmNcnbpw Bbno
cphmt\m i\mIptam Ctbm? AnbpsS
NqSv, shns XWpv apXemb kzm`mhn
I\nbasf amphm\pw ]rYnhymZn PUh
kvXpsf hn]coXKpWaphbmphm\pw
Cuizc\pIqSn IgnbpIbn. Cuizcs \nb
a kXyhpw ]qWhpamIbm Ah ]cn
h\w sNm km[ya. AXn\m kh
i n am F Xns AYw am cp sSbpw
klmbw IqSmsX kzw Imcy ]qW
ambn sNphm i FmWv.
\ncmImc kmImc\
tNmZyw: Cuizc kmImct\m \ncmIm
ct\m? \ncmImc\msWn ssIpw av D]
I c W sfmpw Cm Xp sIm v PKXv
krjv Sn km[y ta b . kmIm c \m sW n
Cu tZmjan.
Dcw: Cuiz c \ncm Im c \m Ip p.
kmIm c AXm bXv ico c ap h BsW
n AXv Cuizc\. Fsm icocap
h\v inbn ]cnanXnbpw tZiw, Imew
Fn h bn ]cn n X bpw, hni v , Zmlw
tOZ\w, t`Z\w, iotXmjvWwPzcw ]oU apX
embhbpw Dmbncnpw. As\bpXn
Pohs KpWfmsX Cuizcs KpW
sfmpw Hcnepw tNcpIbn. kmImccmb
AYhm ico c ap h cmb \mw {Xk tcWp
AWp ]camWp {]IrXn Fnhsb kzm[o\
amphm icmImXpt]mse qetZ
lap Cuizc\pw B kqva]Zm
fn \nv qePKns\ krjvSnphm
i \m hp I bn . ùXnI C{n b fpw
ssIImepI apXemb Ahbhfpw Cs
nepw Afh _e]cm{Iafp Cuizc
Ahtbsmv Pohmmhn\pw {]IrXnpw
Ai Iy amb kIe Ia fpw sNp hm
i\mIpp. {]IrXntbm kqvaXc
\mbn {]Ir Xn bn sepw hym]nv hnv
{]Ir Xnsb PK ns BIr Xn bn em p I
bmWv Cuizc sNpXv.
tNmZyw: a\pjycptSbpw apw A\
am BImcaphcmWv. AhcpsS km\
fpw kmImccmWv. Ah \ncmImccmsW
n AhcpsS afpw \ncmImccmbncnpw.
AXpt]mse Cuizc \ncmImc\msWn
Cuizc krjvSn PKpw \ncmImcambn
cnWw.
Dcw: Cu kwibw Hcp IpntXpt]m
epv. Cuizc PKns D]mZm\ImcWa
\nanImcWamsWv Ctm ]dtXbp
q. qecq]nep {]IrXnbpw ]camWp
fpamWv PKns D]mZm\ImcWw. Ah
Xopw \ncm Im c f . Ah Cuiz c t\
m qehpw ap ImcyhkvXptfm
kqvahpamWv.
tNmZyw: ImcWw IqSmsX Imcyw krjvSn
phm Cuizc\p Ignhnt?
Dcw: C. Fsm, A`mhns
`mhw CmXv, DmhpI FXv Xopw
Akw`hamWv. hybpsS ]p{X\pw thsdmcp
hybpsS ]p{Xnbpw Xn hnhmlw sNp
Xp Rm Ip. Ah a\pjys sImp
159
sImpmnb Hcp hnp ]nSnncpp. Ah
cp t]cpw BIm i ]pjv ]w sImp
ameI [cnncpp. Ah Ccphcpw Kh
\ K c n ]mp Ibpw Im\ Pe n
IpfnpIbpw sNbvXp. B Kh\Kcn
taL an msX Xs agbpw ap Iq SmsX
Xs kI e k ky hn f Ifpw apw Dm bn
cpp'' Fp]dbptmsetbbpq. ImcWw
IqSmsX Imcyw Dmbn Fp ]dbpXpw,
""aa amXm]nXcu \kvtXmltah PmXx aa
aptJ Pnlzm \mkv Xn h Zman N'' F\nv
A\pw Abpw C. Rm Cs\bp
mbn. F\np \mhnsnepw Rm kwkm
cnpp. amfn ]mv Cmbncpsnepw
]pdp hp. Rm\pw Chcpw HcnSpw Dm
bncpn. Fnepw Rfnp hp. C{]
Imcap \Sm Imcy DKoXw
AYhm {`mp ]dbemWv.
ImcWn\p ImcWan.
tNmZyw: ImcWw IqSmsX Imcyw Dm
hp I bn s n Imc W ns Imcyw
FmWv?
Dcw: tIhew ImcWcq]w am{Xambh
asmnsbpw ImcyamIpn. Hns Imc
Whpw thsdmns Imcyhpw BIph asm
cn\ambn

6
AdnbsSpp. ]rYnhn Krlw apX
embhbpsS ImcWhpw Pew apXembhbpsS
ImcyhpamWv. Fm aqeImcWamb {]Ir
Xnv thsd ImcWan. AXv A\mZnbmWv.
aqte aqem`mhmZaqew (kmwJy. 1. 67)
thcn\v thcv AXmbXp ImcWn\p ImcWw
C. AXn\m ImcWanmXv Fm Imcy
fptSbpw ImcWamIpp. Fsm GsX
nepw Hcp Imcyw DmIpXn\p apv AXn\p
aqp ImcW Ahiyw thWw. hkv{Xw
s\pXn\v s\bvpImc, \q, Xdnb{
apX em bh thWw. AXp t]mse PK
ns DXv]npapv Cuizc, {]IrXn,
Imew, BImiw, Pohmm Fnhsbmw
A\mZnbmbn Dsnte PKns DXv]n
DmhpIbpq. Chbn GsXnepw Hns
A`mhn PKv DmhpIbn.
A{X \mkvXnIm Blpx: \mkvXnI ]d
bpp.
1. iq\yw XXzw `mthmf ]n hn\ iyXn
hkvXp [cvaXzmZzn\miky

7
(kmwJyw)
2. A`m hm Xv `m thm Xv ] ncv \m \p ] arZy
{]mZpcv`mhmXv.
3. Cuizcx ImcWw ]pcpjIcvamêyZcvi
\mXv.
4. A\nantXm `mthmXv]nx II
ssXvWymZn Zcvi\mXv.
5. kcv ha\nXyapXv ]n hn\mi[aI
XzmXv
6. kcvhw \nXyw ]`qX\nXyXzmXv.
7. kcvhw ]rYKv `mheW ]rYzmXv
8. kcv h a `mthm `mth jzn X tc X cm `mh
kntx (\ymb. 4. 1)

8
\mkvXnI ]dbpp:
(1mw \mkv Xn I) iq\yw Fsmcp
]Zmtabpq. krjvSnpapv iq\yam
bncpp. krjvSnp tijhpw iq\yta Dm
hq. Fsm Ctmgp `mhw AYhm
h am \ n ep hkv Xp Cm Xm Ip
tm iq\yXtb tijnq.
Dcw: BImiw AZriyambnpXv. Hgn
nSw, _np Fnhbvsmw iq\ysap
]dbpp. iq\yw AtNX\hkvXphmWv. Cu
iq\yn Fm ]ZmYfpw AZriyamWv.
Hcp _nphn \np tcJbpw ]etcJIsf
smv hrmImchpw DmIpXpt]mse
`qan, ]hXw, apXembhsbmw Cuizcs cN
\ bn \np m Ip p. IqSmsX iq\ys
Adnbph iq\y\mbncnpIbpan.
cmw \mkv Xn I: A`m h n
\nmWv `mhw DmIpXv. hnns\ hnI
kn n msX apf Dm Ip n . hnp
]nfpt\mnbm AXn apf ImWpn
. Apcw ImWmXpsImv A`mhn
\nmWv `mhw DmIpsXp hcpp.
Dcw: _oPs hnIknnptXtXm
AXv BZyw Xs _oPn Dmbncpp.
6 {]IrXn hnIrXn FYw
7 kq{Xw 1.44
8. \ymbZi\w 4mw A[ymbw BnIw 1.
kq{X 14, 19, 22, 25, 29, 34, 37, 39
160
Asn Hcnepw apfbvpIbn.
Iaêw
aqmw \mkvXnI: Iaw sNpXp
sImv êw Hcph\v Inpn. F{Xtbm
Ia \njvêambn ImWppv AXn
\m Iaê{]m]vXn Cuizcm[o\amsWv
A\p am \n mw. GXp Ia ns êw
sImSpWsav Cuizc\p tXmppthm
AXn s êw am{ Xw \Ip p .
sImSpm\njvSanm Ians êw
sImSppn. AXn\m Iaêw Cuiz
cm[o\amWv.
Dcw: Ia êw Cuiz cm [o \ am sW
n Iaw sNmsX Xs Cuizc Fp
sImp êw \Ipn? AXpsImv Fp
IaamtWm a\pjy sNpXv AXns ê
amWv Cuizc sImSppXv. AXn\m kzX
{\mbn tkzm]qhw Cuizc Iaêw
sImSppn. Poh sNp Ia
\pkcnv Cuizc êw \Ipp.
\memw \mkv Xn I: ImcWw IqSmsI
]ZmY Dm Ip p . ap n ehp
t]mep Nne acv BWnt]mep
appIfpv.

9
krjvSnbpsS Bcw`w Dm
Iptmsgmw icocmZnhkvXp ImcWw
IqSmsX Dm Ip p shv CXn \np
{Klnmw.
Dcw:GXn \nmtWm Hcp hkv Xp
hns DXv]n. AXmWv AXns ImcWw.
apnehnemsX appmImsXpsIm
mWv?
Amw \mkvXnI: kIehkvXpfpw
DXv]nbpw hn\mihpw DhbmWv. AXn
\m Fmw A\nXyamIpp.
tmImt\ {]hyman bZpw {K
tIm Sn`nx {_ kXyw PK nYym Pothm
{_ssah\m]cx
Gt Xm { K n ep Xm Wv Cu
tmIw.

10
Cmes thZmnI Am
as \mkvXnIs Iqn s]Spw Fs
m Ah ]d bp Xv : {_w kXyhpw
PKv anYybpw BWv . Poh\pw {_hpw
Xn t`Zan. At\ItImSn {KfpsS
knm am Wn sX t{X.
Dcw: Fm ]ZmY fp sSbpw A\n
XyX \nXyamsWn Fmw A\nXyamIm
hgnbn.
tNmZyw: Fmnsbpw A\nXyXbpw
A\n Xy am Wv . An hnd Ins\ Fcn nv
kzbw sIpt]mIpXpt]mse.

11
Dcw: {]Xy ambn ImWm Inp
hkv Xp h am \ Im e n A\n Xy am
sWpw ]c a kq v a amb ImcWw \nXy a
spw Hcn epw ]d p Iq Sm. PK ns
D]n {_n \nmsWp thZmn
I hnizknp ]w {_w kXyamb
XpsImv AXn \npmIp Imcyw Hcn
epw anYy bm hp I bn . kz]v \w t]m sebpw
Ibdn kw t]msebpw shdpw kev]am
sWp ]dbpXpw bpnp\ncpX.
Fsm kev]w KpWamWv. KpWn
\np {Zhyw DmhpIbn. KpWw {Zhyn
\npthdnSpIbpan. kev]ns Imhv
\nXy\msWn kev]hpw \nXyambncn
Ww. Asn kev]ns Imhpw
A\n Xy \m sWp [cn p I. ImWp Itbm
tIpItbm sNmXv Hcnepw kz]v\
n hcnIbn. Pm{KXhbnAYhm
h am \ Im ev kmm Xv _ m
kXyhkvXpfpsS {]Xym\w Dmb
Xn\ptijw AhbpsS kwkvImcw hmk\m
cq]nep m\w Bmhn ]Xnbpp.
kz]v\n Ah A{]XyamIpp. kpjp
]v Xn bn _mly ] Zm fpsS m\w
Csnepw AhbpsS k CmXmhpn.
AXpt]mse {]fbImepw ImcW{Zhyw \ne
\npp. kwkvImcw IqSmsX kz]v\w Dm
Ip sa n P\m A\pw cq]w kz]v \w
ImWpw. AXn\m kz]v\n hkvXpkw
_ amb Pv Rm\w am{X ta bp q. Fmw
Atmgpw _lnxnXamWv.
9. CXn\v Iaêw ImcWamIpnsYw.
10. AjvSmh{I KoX tmIw 5.
icmNmcycptSsXv ]dbsSp {_\mamhen
kv tXm{Xw tmIw 20 ""{_ kXyw PK n Yym
Pothm {_ssah\m]cx.'' Fp ]mTw.
11. \ A\nXyXm \nXyXzmXv (\ymbw 4.1.26)
161
tNmZyw: Pm{KZhbnep ]ZmY
kz]v\nepw, chbnepapXv kpjp
]v Xn bn epw, A\n Xy am bn o cp p tm.
AXp t]mse Pm{K Z h bn Adn bp
hbpw kz]v\Xpeyfmbn hnNmcnWw.
Dcw: AXp km[ytab. Fsm,
kz]v \ nepw kpp ]v Xn bpepw _mly ]
ZmY fpsS Am\w am{Xta Dq,
A`mhw C. Hcmfns ]n`mKv Ccnp
At\Iw hkv Xp Ah ImWm Xp
sImv Ah bpsS A`mhw Dm Ip n .
kz]v\kpp]vXnIfnse Ahbpw CXpX
s. AXn \m app ]dp h t]mse
{_w, Poh, PKns ImcWw Fnh
\nXyamsWXpXsbmWv kXyw.
Bdmw \mkvXnI: ]`qX \nXy
fmIbm PKpapgph\pw \nXyamWv.
Dcw: CXp icn b . Fs m
D]n hn\mip ImcWw ImWm
IgnbpsXmw \nXyfmIpsan qe
PKpw, qeicocw, IpShpw appw Fn
h bv smw Dev ]n hn\m i fp Xm I
bm Ahsbmw \nXyfmbnocpw. AXn
\m Imcyp \nXyXzw kzoImcya.
Ggmw \mkvXnI: kIe]ZmYfpw
shtsdbmWv. GIhkvXp Hpan. \mw
ImWp hkv Xp fn sem nepw asmcp
hkvXp ImWptXbn.
Dcw: Ahbhfnse Ahbhn, h
am\Imew, BImiw, Cuizc Fnh sht
sdbp ]ZmYkaqlfn HmWv. Ah
bmsX thsd Hpan. AXn\m Hmtcmpw
thsd b . cq] n Ah sht sd bm sW
nepw shtsdbp ]ZmYfn Hcp GI
hkvXpIqSnbpv.
Fmw \mkvXnI: kIe]ZmYfnepw
At\ym \y `mhw D Xp sImv khhpw
A`mhcq]amWv. ""A\tizm Kux AKucizx''
Fv DZmlcWw. Imf IpXncb. IpXnc
Imfb. AXn\m Fmw A`mhcq]sap
IcpXWw.
Dcw: kIe]ZmYfnepw At\ym\y
`mhw Dmbmepw ""Khn Ku Atiz Atizm
`mhcqt]mhcvX Gh'' Imfbn Imfbpw
IpXn c bn IpXn cbpw `mh cq ] n ep v .
A`mhw Hcnepw hcnIbn. ]ZmYv
`mhta Csn At\ym\y`mhw Fp]d
bpXp Xs Fnt\nbmWv?
H]Xmw \mkv Xn I: PK n s
Dev]n kzm`mhnIamWv. shhpw tNmdpw
tNphncpm Nov AXn ]pgp
fp m hpw. hnpw hfhpw apw tNv
]ppw achpw IpIfpw DmIpp. ISepw,
Impw tNv Xnc am ebpw Xnc am e bn
\np IS\p cbpw Dm Ip p. afpw
Npmpw \mc m \ocpw IqSn tNm
knq c ap m Ipw. PK p ap gp h\pw AXp
t]mse ]ZmY fpsS kzm`m hnI KpW
sImv DmbXmWv. AXn\v \namXm
hn.
Dcw: PKns D]n kzm`mhnI
am sW n AsXm cn epw \in p I bn .
kz`mhw sImpXs hn\mihpw kw`hnp
san Dev]ntb DmhpIbn. Dev]n
hn \m i cpw {Zhy fn kzm`m hn I
ambn Hcpt]msebpXmbn hnNmcnm A
s\bp Dev]nhn\mifpsS hyh Hcn
epw Dm hp I bn . Dev ] n hn \m i
ss\annIfmsWp IcpXnbm, B \nan
s DmhpIbpw CmXmhpIbpw sNp
Xn \np `n ambn Icp X Ww. Dev ]
nbpw hn\mihpw kzm`mhnIambn DmIp
XmsWn Htc kabw cpw IqSn Dm
hpI h. kzm`mhnIambpmIpXmsWn
Cu `qtKmfnsbSpv thsdmcp `qtKmfhpw
kqcy N { mcpw apw Dm Im sX p
sImv? GsXmw tNv GsXmw DmIp
pthm Ahsbmw Cuizc\nanXamb hnv,
shw, tNmdv apXembhbpsS kwtbmKm
epmIp XrWhrmZnIfpw, Iran apXem
bhbpw BWv. AmsX amcpapmnbX.
a, Npmv, \mcm\o Fnh Zqsc
\nphv kzbw HnptNcpn. tNm
s\mcmfpsnte tNcq. tht]mse Iqn
tmte knqcw Dmhq. A\p]mXw IqSn
bmtem Ipdmtem knqcw DmhpIbn.
AXp t]mse {]Ir Xn, ]c am Wp Fo
PU]ZmYsf ]ctaizc m\tmSpw
bpntbmSpw IqSn kwtbmPnnmXncpm
162
Imcy kn n p XIpw hw hnti j h kv Xp
hmbn ]cnWanphm Ah iamhpIbn
. AXn\m kzm`mhnIamb Cuizcs cN
\sImmWv krjvSn DmIpXv.
tNmZyw: Cm Wp PK n\v Hcp
Imhv Dmbncpn. Ctmgn, Dm
hpIbpan. A\mZnImew apX CXv Cw
Xs. CXnv Hcnepw DXv]n Dmbn
n. hn\mihpw DmhpIbn.
Dcw: ImhnmsX {Inbtbm {Inbm
P\yamb ]ZmYtam DmhpIbn. ]rYnhym
ZnIfmb GsXmw ]Zmfn kwtbmK
\nanamb cN\ ZriyamtWm Ahsbmpw
Hcnepw A\mZnb. kwtbmKw sImv Dm
IpXv kwtbmKn\p apv DmbncnpI
bn. hntbmKn\p tijw \ne\npIbp
an, CXp icnbmsWp tXmpnsn
hkv Xp fn Ghpw ITn \ amb Icn v ,
sshc v , Dcpv apX emb ]ZmY fn
hn`n ]c am Wp sf Iqn tn ptm
Fv Ahsb ]nfp s]mSnp `kvaamn
t\mpI. Iqntpsn Ah \nb
ambpw Ime{ItaW ths]pt]mIpw.
tNmZyw: A\mZnbmb Hcp Cuizc C.
tbmKm `ym kw sImv AWn am Zn I fmb
sFizcy kmZnp khXzw XpS
nb KpW tfmSp IqSnb apnsb
{]m]n m\nbmb Pohm mhp Xs
bmWv Cuizc.
Dcw: PKns\ krjvSnnpXv A\m
Znbmb Cuizc\sn apn {]m]n Pohm
mv B{ibhpw Poh\cq]hpamb Cu
PK v , icocw, C{nb tKmf Fn h
sbmw F s\ bp mIpw? Ch bn s n
Pohmmhn\v km[\ sNm IgnbpIbn.
km[ \ bn s n kn \m Ip sX s\?
Pohmmhv km[\bneqsS knnsb {]m]n
mepw kzbw k\mX\hpw, A\mZnbpw, A\
knn bp ap Cuiz c\p Xpey \m hp I bn .
Pohmmhns m\w AXns ]camh[n
bn se n bmepw ]cn an X amb m\hpw
kmaYy hpta e`n q. A\ m \hpw
kmaYyhpw e`n p I bn . t\mq! Hcp
tbmKnbpw Cp hsc Cuiz c \nn X amb
krjvSn{Ias amm i\mbnn. Bhp
Ibpan. IpsImp ImWpI, sNhnsImp
tIp I, Fn s\ A\m Zn kn \mb
Cuizc sNbvXnp GmSns\ amphm
Hcp tbmKnbpw i\. AXn\m Poh
Hcnepw Cuizc\mhpIbn.
tNmZyw: Iev]w tXmdpw Cuizc hne
Wamb krjv Sntbm AtXm HtcXcn
ep krjvSntbm \nanpXv?
Dcw: Ctm g t Xp t]mse Xs
appw. `mhnbnepw As\Xs. amta hcp
pIbn.
kqcymN{aku [mXm bYm ]qcvhIev]
bXv Znhw N ]rYnhow NmcnatYm kzx
(E. 10. 190. 3)
([m Xm) Cuiz c Fs\ ]qh I ev ]
n kqcy, N{, `qan, BImiw, apXem
bhsb krjvSnpthm AtXhn[w Cu Iev]
nepw krjvSnnpv. As\Xs hcpw
Iev]nepw krjvSnpw. AXn\m Cuiz
cs {]hrnI \yq\XIqSmsX kZm Hcp
t]mencnpp. Aev]\pw hrnb
fp m\n\pSabpw Bbhs {]hrn
Ifn \yq\XI Dmbncnpw Cuizcs
{]hrnIfn DmhpIbn.
tNmZyw: krjvSn hnjbsn thZmZn
imkv {X fn sshcp ytam Assh cp
[ytam DXv?
Dcw: Asshcpyw
tNmZyw: Ahncpsan
Xkv amZzm GX kv am Zm \ BImix
kw`qXx BImimZzmbpx hmtbmcnx At
cm]x AZv`yx ]rYnho; ]rYnhym Hmj[bx
Hmj[nt`ymw Amt{ZXx tcXkx ]pcpjx
k hm Gj ]pcptjmckabx ssXn
cotbm]\njZzN\amWnXv.

12
B ]cam
m hn \npw {]Ir Xn bn \npw
BImiw AXmbXv CSw Dmbn. kh{X
hym]nnp ImcWcq]amb ]ZmYs
HnptNv HcnSmpXpsImv CSw
DmIpXpt]mse tXmpp. hmkvXh
n BImin\v DXv]nbn. Fs
m, BIiansn {]IrXnbpw ]cam
12. {_m\hn 1.
163
Wphpw FhnsS hnpw? BImiapm
bXn\ptijw hmbphpw, hmbphn\ptijw
Anbpw, Anptijw Pehpw Dmbn.
Pe n \p tijw ]rYn hnbpw ]rYn hn bn
\nv Hmj[nIfpw (kkyfpw) Hmj[nI
fn \nv Ahpw An \nv hocy
hpw, hocyn \nv ]pcpj\pw AYhm
icochpw Dmbn. ChnsS BImimZn {Ia
nepw OmtmtKym]\njn AymZn
{Ia n epw, sFX tc b n Pem Zn {I a
nepw krjv Sn {Iaw ]d bp p. thZ
fns NnteSp ]pcpj\n \npw,
apNnteSp lncWyK`mZnIfn \npw,
]qh ao amw k bn Ia n \npw
sshtijnIn Imen \npw \ymb
n ]camWpfn \npw .tbmKn
]pcpjmYn \npw kmwJyn {]Ir
Xnbn \npw thZmn {_n
\npw BWv krjvSnbpsS DXv]n {]Xn
]mZ\w. CXn GXv kXyw? GXv AkXyw?
Dcw: Fmw kXywXsbmWv. Hpw
AkXya. sXncnph\mWv anYymhm
Zn. Cuiz c PK ns \nan Im c Whpw
{]IrXn D]mZm\ImcWhpamWv. alm{]fbn
\ptijw DmIp krjvSnbpsS DXv]n
BImimZn{IanemWv. BImiw hmbp Fn
hbpsS {]fbw kw`hnmXncnptm

13
A ym Zn Ip am{Xw {]fbw Dm Ip
tm Aym Zn {I a n emWp krjv Sn.
hnZypv An FnhbvpIqSn \miw t\cn
SmXncnptm PemZn{IanemWp krjvSn
DmIpXv. GtXXp {]fbn GtXXp
]ZmYw hsc \inpt]mIppthm AXmXp
]ZmYw apX ev mWp ]no Sp krjv Sn
FYw.

14
]pcpj, lncWyK` apXem
bsXmw Cuizcs t]cpIfmWv Fv Hmw
kapmkn ]dnpv.
Htc Imcyntem hnjbntem D ]c
kv ] c hn cp amb hN \ s bmWp hncp
sap ]d bp Xv . Bdp imkv {X pw
At\ym \y ap Ahn tcm[w F s\ sbp
ImWpI:""Ians tNjvSIqSmsX Dm
nb Hcp Imcyhpw PKn C.'' Fp
aoamwk. ""Imew IqSmsX bmsXmpw Dm
hpItbbn'' Fp sshtijnIw. ""D]mZm
\ Im c W an s n bmsXmpw Dm p
hm km[npIbn.'' Fp \ymbw. ""hnZy,
m\w, hn Nm cw, Fn h Iq SmsX
bmsXmpw \nanphm km[ya.'' Fp
tbmKw ""XzfpsS ktf\w IqSmsX
krjvSnbn.'' Fp kmwJyw. ""\namXmhp
\nannsn Hcp hkvXphpw DmhpI
bn.'' Fp thZmw'' Cs\ krjvSn Bdp
ImcWfn \nmWv DmIpXv. B Bdp
ImcWfn Hmtcmnsbpw hymJym\amWv
Hmtcm imkv {X n ep ap Xv . AXn \m
Ahbvp Xn Hpw hntcm[an. Bdv Bfp
I tNv Hcp tapc FSp p s]mn
`nnIfn m]npXpt]mse krjvSncq
]amb Imcyns hymJym\w Bdp imkv{X
Imcm IqSntp ]qWamnbncnpp.
Ip Im Wm Ap t]pw Imgv N p d
hp Hcph\pw Hcm\bpsS Hmtcm Ahbh
sf kv]inp. ]noSv ""B\ Fs\bp
XmWv ?'' Fv tNmZn p. Ah cn sem cm
B\ XqWpt]msebmsWpw, cma apdw
t]msebmsWpw aqma Det]msebm
sapw \mem a Nqep t]m se bm sWpw
Am a Xd t]m se bm sWpw ]d p.
""B\ Idp \mep XqWpIfpsS apIfn
\nevp Hcp t]mns\tmsebpsv
Bdma ]dp. CXpt]mse Cmes
A\mj amb \ho \ {K hmbn p
{]mIrX`mjm Ejn{]WoXfmb {K
hmbnmsX \ho\ p{Z_pnIfpsS
kwkvIrX{Kfpw `mjm{Kfpw am{Xw
hmbnv ]ckv]c \nbnepw hyamb hmbm
Sncnepw GsSptXbpq. AhcpsS
hmp I _pn am mpw ap hpw
13. Cu Ahmc {]fbw Hmtcm a\zcnepw Dm
Ipp. AXn\m a\zcnSbn knImew
KWnncnpp. thZm\ns shfn]mSv krjvSn
bpsS BZn bnte Dm hq. a\z c p tijw
Ddw DWhv \ymtb\ Ejnamcn kzbw shfn]mSv
DmIpp.
14. Cu Ahmc {]fbn am\hNcn{Xhpw \inp
p. Cp Ncn{Xw Cu a\zcnteXp am{Xam
Wv. CXns\ `mcXob {Kfn a\phns Pe{]f
bsapw ap {Kfn t\mlbpsS {]fbsapw
]dbpp. (a\px = a\plv \plv, \qlv, t\mlv?)
164
kzoImcya. A hgnImp A Ipgn
bn hogm Xn cn ptam? AXp t]mse Cm
es Aev ] hn Zym bp cpw kzmYn Ifpw
C{nb kpJ cm a m cm b h cpsS Ifn I
temIs \innphm t]mXmWv.
ImcWw Imcyw krjvSn
tNmZyw: ImcWw IqSmsX Imcyw Dm
hpIbnsn, ImcWns ImcWw Fp
sImn?
Dcw: auVynem ktlmZcmtc,
\n kzev ]w kz_pn {]tbm Kn m
sXv? temIn BsI cp ]Zm
tfbpq. Hp ImcWw, atXpImcyw. ImcWw
Imcya. Imcyambncnptm AXv ImcW
amhpIbn. krjvSnsb icnbmbn AdnbmXn
cnpthmfw a\pjyv m\{]m]vXnbpm
hpIbn.
\nXymbmx kXz c P kv X akmw kmaym h
mbmx {]IrtXcpXv ] m\mw ]c a kq
v amWmw ]rYIv ]rYKzcv am\m\mw Xz
]camWq\mw {]Yax kwtbmKmcw`x kwtbm
K hn ti jm Z h m cky qem Im c
{]m]vXnx krjvSncpNytX
A\mZnbpw \nXykzcq]hpw kXzw, cPkv,
Xakv Fo KpWfpsS kmaymhbpamb
{]IrXnbn \npmbXpw AXykqva
fpw At\ym\yw AI n cn p h bp amb
]ZmYmhbhfpsS BZys kwtbmKmcw
`hpw, B kwtbmKhntijfm DfhmIp
AhmcfpsS (]noSp ]noSv Dm
Ip kqv a n \np qem h sb
{]m]n) hnNn{X cq] DmIepw \S
p p. Cu hnNn{X cq] fpsS kwkKw
DmIbmemWv krjvSnsbp t]cp ]dbp
Xv. {]Ya kwtbmKn IqSntcpXpw Iqn
tpXpamb ]ZmYw GtXm kwtbmK
ns BZnbpw hntbmKns Ahpambn
hnptXtXm, GXn\v hn`mKw Dmhp
Ibntbm AXn\v ImcWsap ]dbpp.
kwtbmKn\p tijw DmIpXpw hntbm
K n\p tijw AtX cq ] n en cn m Xp
amb ]ZmYsbmWv Imcysap ]dbp
Xv. ImcWn\p ImcWw, Imcyns Imcyw,
Imhns Imhv km[\ns km[
\w, km[yns km[yw Fsmw ]dbp
bm ImWp p s n epw A \pw,
tIppsnepw _[nc\pw, Adnbpp
snepw aqV\pamWv. In\p Ipw, hnf
n\p hnfpw, kqcy\p kqcy\pw DmIptam?
GXn \nv Hcp hkvXp DmIpthm AXp
Imc Ww. GsXmv Dm Ip pthm AXp
Imcyw. ImcWs Imcycq]ampbmfns\
Imshp ]dbpp.
\mktXm hnZytX `mthm \m`mthm
hnZytX kXx D`tbmc]n ZrjvtSmkvXz\
tbmkvXz Zcvin`nx (`KhXvKoX. 2. 16)
Ak m b C m ]ZmY n s
`mhhpw (D) kmbXns A`mhhpw (C
m bv a) Hcn epw Dm Ip X . CXp
cpw

15
Xz Zin I \nW bn n p v .
]]mXnIfpw, Zpcm{KlnIfpw, Zpcmmfpw,
Acpamb a\pjyv Cu hnjbw Fs\
thKw {Klnm\mIpw? hnZym`ymkhpw kw
Khpw sNbvXv, icnbmbn Imcy BtemNn
mbm kZm hn{àns hebnsp
InS p I tb bp q. Fm hnZy I fp sSbpw
knm Adnbm {ianpIbpw Adn
bpIbpw Adnv Im]SyanmsX A\yv
]dpsImSppIbpw sNphct{X [\y.
AXn\m ImcWanmXmWv krjvSnsbv
[cnph\v Hpw AdnpIqSm.
krjvSnbpsS cN\
krjvSnbpsS kabamIptm Cuizc
AXykqva]ZmYsf HpIqpp. B
{]Yamhbn ]cakqvaamb {]IrXncq
] Im c W n \np kzev ]w qe ambn
DmIp ]ZmYamWv alzw. AXn
\nv DmIp IptdqSn qeambXv Al
mchpw Almcn \nv Aev]w IqSn
qehpw `n`nfmb Av kqva `qX
fpw, sNhn, Xzv, Iv, \mv, aqv Fo
Ap mt\ {n b fpw hmv , ]mWn,
]mZw, ]mbp, D]w Fo Ap Ita{n
bfpw ]Xns\mmatXmb a\pw Dm
Ipp. B ]Xm{XIfn \nv At\Iw
qemhIsf{]m]nv, {Ian \app
{]XyhnjbfmIp Ap qe`qX
15 Xz Zin ]c am Wp , { ]IrXn Fn hsb
kmmXvIcnbm
165
DmIpp. Ahbn \nv At\Ihn
[nep hreXmZnIfpw Ahbn \nv
A hpw, A n \nv hocyhpw hocy
n \nv icochpw DmIpp. Fm
BZys krjv Sn ssaYp \ ^ e a . Fs
m Cuizc kv{Xo]pcpjmcpsS icoc
sf \nanv, PohkwtbmKapmnbXn\p
tijta ssaYp\êamb krjvSn DmIpp
q. ImWptm hnZzmmpIqSn Bcy
P\Iamb hn[n F{X m\]qhIamb
krjv Sn bmWv a\p jy i co c sap t\mp I.
A`mKn AnIqSw, \mUnIfpsS
_\w, amwkwsImp s]mXnb, N
aw sIm p Bh c Ww. ol, bIr v ,
izmktImiw apXembhbpsS m]\w Poh
kwtbmP\w incmIp aqens \nm
Ww, tcmaw \Jw apXembhbpsS m]\w
\\p \qt]mse AXy kq v a fmb
RcpIsfsmp t\{X\namWw, C{n
bamKfpsS \nthi\w, Pm{Kz]v\kpjp
]vXnIfmIp AhIsf Poh\v A\p`hn
pXn\p m\hntijfpsS \nam
Ww, kI e [m Xp fp tSbpw hn`m Ko I c Ww,
Ch bpsS Iem Iu ie ]qh amb m]\w
apXemb ApXkrjvSn sNm Cuizc\
msX amp Ignbpw? IqSmsX hnhn[ cXv\
tfmSpw [mXp tfmSpw IqSnb `qan bpsS
krjvSn. hShrw XpSn At\Iw acfpsS
hnpIfnep AXnkqvaamb cN\mhnti
j . ], shfp v , Nph v , Idpv , Nn{X
hWw apXemb Gpdhp \ndtfmSp
IqSnb CeI, ]q, ImbvI\nI, Ingp
I, FnhbpsS \namWw, a[pcw, ehWw,
Fcn, Nhv, Ibv]v, ]pfn apXemb hnhn[c
ktfmSpw, hnhn[kpKtfmSpw IqSnb
CeI, ]q, ImbvI\nI, IngpI,
thcp I apX em b h bpsS krjv Sn kqcy,
N{, `qan apXemb At\ItImSn temI
fpsS \namWw, [mcWw, {àWw, \nb{Ww
apXemb {]hrnI \Sphm Cuizc\
msX ampw BhpIbn.
Hcp hkvXphns\ Im cpXcw m\
apmIpw. AXns cq]m\hpw, \namWw
Iv \nam Xm hn s\ n bp m\ hpw.
Imn \nv Hcph\v kzWm`cWw Inpp.
AXp kzWw sImp m n b XmsWpw,
_pnam\mb kzWnmc Dmnb
Xm sWpw Abmv a\ n em Ip p.
Cs\ \m\mXcnep Cu krjvSnbn
ImWp hnhn[ cN\mhntij AXns
\namXmhmb Cuizcs AkvXnXzw kaYn
pp.
a\ptjymXv ]n Ftm Fs\ ?
tNmZyw: a\pjys krjvSntbm ]rYnhym
ZnIfpsS krjvSntbm BZyw DmbXv ?
Dcw: ]rYn hym Zn I fp sS. Fs m,
]rYn hym Zn I IqSmsX a\p jys \ne
\npw kwcWhpw \SpIbn.
tNmZyw : krjvSnbpsS Bcw`n Hcp
a\pjyt\m At\Iw a\pjytcm DmbXv?
Dcw : At\Iw a\pjy. Fsm,
GtXXp PohmmfpsS Ia Cuizc
krjvSnbn P\nphm Alfmnbncn
ppthm Ahv krjvSnbpsS XpSn
Cuizc Pw \evIn. "" a\pjym Ejb
tb.''

16
"" XtXm a\pjymAPmb''

17
F a{w bPpthZnepw AXns {_m
Wnepw DXmWv. Cu {]amWm BZn
bn At\Iw At\Imbncw a\pjy P\n
pshp \nWbnmw. a\pjy AkwJyw
amXm ]n Xm m cpsS km \ fm sWp
krjvSnIm hyamIppapv.
tNmZyw: krjv Sn bpsS Bcw ` n
_meyw buh\w hmIyw Fo Ah
Ifn GXnemWv a\pjycpw ap PohnIfpw
Dm bXv ? AtXm aq h I fn ep ap
mtbm?
Dcw: bu h\mhbn. Fsm
Ippfmbm Ahsc ]cn]menpXn\v
thsd BfpI thWw. hrmhbnepm
bm ssaYp\o krjvSn Dmhn. AXn\m
sbuh\mhbn krjvSn Dmbn.
{]hmln A\mZn
tNmZyw : krjv Snv Bcw`w Dtm
Ctbm?
16 bPq: 31.9 km[ymEjbtb F ]mTw F
s\tbm sXp kw`hnXmWv.
17 iX]Yw 14.4.2.5
166
Dcw : C. ]Ien\p tijw cm{Xnbpw
cm{Xnbv p app ]Iepw As\ ]I
en\ptijw cm{Xnbpw cm{Xnptijw ]Iepw
Cs\ {Ia n \S p sIm n cn p
hw krjvSnpapp {]fbhpw {]fbn\p
app krjvSnbpw krjvSnbpsS A\cw {]f
bhpw {]f bm \ cw krjv Snbpw Cs\
A\mZn Imew apX Cu N{Iw Xncnp
sImncnpp. CXn\v BZntbm Atam
C. Fm ]Ien\pw cm{Xnpw Bcw`mh
km \ D Xp t]mse krjv Sn {] f b
pw BZnbpw Ahkm\hpw Dv. Fs
m ]c am m hv , Pohm mhv PK ns
ImcWw Fnh aqpw kz`mth\ A\mZnI
fmbncnpXpt]mse PKns D]n
nXnebfpw {]hmlm A\mZnbmWv.
\ZnbpsS {]hmlw Nnetm Dv. Nnetm
hn ImWm Xm Ip p. ag m ep hopw
ImWmdmIpp, th\evmev ImWpn.
AXp t]mse CsXmw {]hm l cq ] fm Wv .
Cuizcs KpWIakz`mh A\mZnbm
bn cn p Xp t]mse krjv Sn n Xn kw lm c
fpw A\mZnIfmIpp. Cuizcs KpWIa
kz `m h v GXp hn[ n BZnbpw
Ahpw Ctbm AtX hn [ n At l
ns Ihy Iapw Bcw`mhkm
\ C.
Phpw Iahpw
tNmZyw: Cuiz c Nne Pohm m
p a\pjyPhpw, thsd Nne Pohm
mp knwlw apXemb {IqcarK
fpsS Phpw, apNneXn\p am, ]ip apX
emb arKfpsS Phpw, ]pgp, ]m, acw
apXembmhbpsS Phpw sImSpncnpp.
CXp \nanw ]c ta iz c\p ] ]mXw
Dsp hcpnt?
Dcw: ]]mXw hcpn. Fsm,
AXmXp Pohm m ]q P n
sNbvXnp Iasf A\pkcnp hyh
sNpXpsImp ]]mXw DmIpX
. bmsXmcp Iahpw IqSmsX Pw \Ip
Xmbm am{Xta ]]mXw DmhpIbpq.
krjvSn Sn_n
tNmZyw: a\pjycpsS BZys krjvSn
DmbXv FhnsSbmWv?
Dcw: ""Sn_v '' Fp ]dp hcp
{Xnhnjv S ] n

18
tNmZyw: krjvSnbpsS BZnImev Hcp
PmXntbm At\Iw PmXnItfm Dmbncp
Xv ?
Dcw: a\pjyPmXn Hpam{Xta Dm
bncppq. ]noSv ""hnPm\olymcym tb
N Zkyhx''

19
F EtKzZhN\a\pkcnv,
t{ijv T m cm bn p hv Bcy, hnZzm
tZh Fpw Zpjv S mv Zkyp I
aqJ Fpw t]cp I Dm bn. AXp \n
anw Bcy Fpw Zkyp Fpw cp\ma
\Sn hp. "DX iqt{Z DXmtcy'

20
FXp AYh th Z n ep hN \ am Wv .
BcymcpsS CSbn Xs app ]dco
Xn bn, {_m W {Xn b sshiy,
iq{Z Fns\ \mep hn`mK Dmbn.
hnZzmmcpw ZznPmcpambnphv Bcym
Fpw ]Tnnmhv iq{Zm Asn
A\mcym Fpw t]cpmbn.
Bcym `mcXn
tNmZyw: ]noSv Ah F s\ bmWv
ChnsS hsnbXv?
Dcw: Bcymcpw Zkypfpw Xn
tZh m Fp ]d b s n cp hnZzm mcpw
Akpcm Fp ]dbsncp aqVmcpw
Xn kZm achpw Ielhpw hfp
hp. D]{Zhw hnp. Atm Bcym
`qtKmfnep kIe{]tZifnepw shv
Cu `mK amWv Ghpw \Xv F dnv
ChnsS hp ]mp. As\ Cu tZi
n\p Bcymhw Fp t] Dmbn.
tNmZyw: Bcymhns AXnn
GsXmamWv?
18 lnahnc{]tZi Gh kzK`qancnXn {]knnx (km
bW `mjyw 19. 39.8) lnahms HuXyfnse tZi
fmWv kzK`qan Fp {]knambnpXv). \nL
pfn kzKhpw {XnhnjvS]hpw ]cymb]Zfm
Wv. (AactImiw kzhKw6)
19 E 1.51.8
20 AYhthZw 19.62.1
21 Cmev a\pkvarXnIfn {_mhw Fp
]mTw
167
Dcw: 1. Bkap{Zmp ssh ]qcvhmZm
kap{Zmp ]namXv Xtbmchmcw Kntcym
cmcymhcvw hnZpcv _p[mx (a\p. 2. 22)
2. kc kzXoZrj Zz tXymcv tZ h \ tZym cy Z
cw Xw tZh\ncvanXw tZiamcymhw

21
{]N tX. (a\p. 2. 17)
1. hSp lnam e b ]cv Xhpw sXp
hnymNehpw Ingpw ]Snmdpw kap{Zhpw
BIpp.
2. ]Snmdp`mKv kckzXnbpw AXm
bXv, knp \Znbpw ASI\Kchpw

22
Ingp
`mKv ZrjZzXnbpw AXmbXv, t\mfn\p
Ing p ]h X fn \np ]pd sv
_m Bmw Fo tZifpsS Ingp`m
KpIqSnbpw, _abpsS ]Snmdp`mKp
IqSnbpw {]hlnv sXtkap{Zn hogp
Xpw B cym h ns AXn cp I fm Ip p.
lnahm hnyw Fo ]hXfpsS a[y
`mKnepXpw sXtmp cmtaizcw hsc
hnymNen\pn

23
\op InSpXp
amb \mSpapgph\pw Bcymhw Fp ]d
bsSpp. ImcWw, AXv Bcym tZhm
AYhm hnZzmm \nanXpw hknpXp
ambncpp.
tNmZyw: BZyImev Cu tZins
t] Fmbncpp? ChnsS BcmWp hkn
ncpXv?
Dcw: AXn \p apv Cu tZi n\p
bmsXmcp t]cpw Dm bn cp n . Bcy m
hcpXn\papv ChnsS Bcpw hknncpn
. Fsm Bcym krjvSnptijw
A[n I Imew Ign bp Xn \p apv Sn _
n\np t\cnv ChntSv hv ]mpIbm
WpmbXv.
BcyZkyq bpw
tNmZyw: Ah Cucm\n

24
\np h
Xp sIm mWv Ahp Bcy m Fp
t] Dm b Xv . Ah hcp Xn\p apv
ChnsS ImSmcmWv ]mncpXv. Ahsc
Akpcm, cmkm Fsmw hnfnp
Ibpw X tZhmcmsWp ]dbpIbpw
sNbvXncpp. Ah Xnepmb bp
fmWp tZhmkpcbp Fp IYIfn
]dbpXv.
Dcw: s]cpamWnXv. Fsm
hnPm\olymcymt\y N Zkythm _ln
jva tX cbm imkZ{hXm (E.1.51.8.)
DX iqt{Z DXmtcy (AYh. 19. 62. 1)
[manIcpw hnZzm mcpw kXy hm Zn I fp
ambP\sf Bcymscpw Amhsc
Zkyp AYhm ZpjvS, A[manI, AhnZzm
Fpw ]dphtm? AXpt]mse {_m
W, {Xnb, sshiy Fnhv Bcy
mscpw iq{Zmv A\mcymscpw ]Tn
n m h sc pw t]cm sWpw ]d n p
v . thZw Cs\ ]d bp tm Bcm\pw
sInabvpXv _pnammv kzoImcya
. Bcymh\nhmknIfmb Ap\ Zi
cYalmcmPmhv apXembh lnameb ]h
Xn hp \Snp tZhmkpcbp
fn B cy mcpw Zkyp fpw Xn ep mb
bpfn tZhmsc AXmbXp Bcymsc
cn p hm\pw Akp c msc tXmev ]n p
hm\pw tZh mp klmbw sNbv Xn p v .
CXn \np knn p Xv Bcym h
ns \mep `m K pw ln a hms Ing v ,
sXv, ]Snmdv, hSv Fo \mep ZnpI
fnepw An, \ncrXn, hmbp, Cuim\ Fo
\mep tImWp I fnepw a\p jy hkn n cp
spw Ahv Akpcm Fp t]cmbn
cpp FpamWv. lnameb]X{]tZin
22 dmh]nnp Ingp ASI \KcamIWw
23 hnymNew DcZnW `mcXsf thXncnp
mXmbmWv. Cmes hnizmkw. hmkvXhn
CXv ]q ]na ]hX LfpsS t]cmWv. Xn
anamWv {KImc cmtaizcw hsc Fp FgpXn
bXv. hmevaoIncmambWw InjvImImWvUn
60mw kKn CXns\ ZnWkap{ZXocnep
]hXsap ]dnpv. ""lrjvS ]n KWmIo
cvWx ItmZcm IqShm; ZnWtkymZt[x Xotc
hntymf banXn\nnXx (7) ""{]kcmb ]nI
fpsS Iqm \ndXpw IaqemZnI \nd
sImSpapSnIfpXpw ZnW kap{ZXocpXpamWv
hnymNew''. hcmlanlns _rlwlnXbn ""_Z
co\mYw apX tkXp_w (cmtaizcw) hsc Bbn
cwtbmP\bpw ZzmcI apX ]pcptjma kme{Kmaw
(]pcn) hsc Fgp\qdptbmP\bpw Dv. AXn ssch
XIw, hny, kly, Ipamcw, aeb{io Fo Ipe
]hXfpw KwKm, kckzXn, Imfnn, tKmZmhcn,
Imthcn, Xm{a]maWn, IrXame Fo Ipe\ZnIfpw
Dv. (79&80) Fp ]dncnpXn \nv Bcym
hns AXncv GsXmsaqlnmw.
24. Cdm
168
ep h Bcy msc A{I an n cp ka b
smw Bcymhnse cmPmmcpw
almcmPmmcpw DcmZn ZnpIfntev
Bcymsc klmbnphm t]mhpI ]Xnhm
bncpp. ZnWtZin shp {iocma\p
ambn cmh W \S n bn p bp np
tZhmkpcbpsap t] ]dbmdn AXns\
cmacmhW bpw Asn Bcymcpw cm
kmcpw Xnepmb bpw FmWp ]d
bm dp Xv . Bcy m Cucm tZi n
\nmWp hsXpw Ah Cu \mnse ImS
m tcmSp bpw sNbv Xv Ahsc tXmev ]nv
Cu \mnse cmPmmcmbnopshpw
GsX n ep samcp kwkv IrX {K ntem
CXnlmkntem FgpXnmWpn. ]ns
Fs\ hntZiob ]dbpXns\ hnesh
bvphm Ignbpw? IqSmsXthmNmcy
hmNx kcvhtX ZkyhxkvarXmx (a\p. 10. 85)
ttZikvXzXx ]cx (a\p. 2. 23)
BcymhsamgnsIbp tZi Zkyp
tZisfpw ttZisfpw ]dbsSp
p. BcymhsamgnsI Ingv, Cuim\tIm
Wv, hSv, hmbptImWv, ]Snmdv Fo tZi
fn hknphp Zkyp, tm,
Akpcm, FmWp t]scpw \ncrXntIm
Wv , sXv , An tImWv Fo Znp I fn
]mp hp cm k m sc mWp
t]scpw knnpp. Cmepw \ot{Km
PmXnmcpsS BIrXn, cmkmscmWp
t]scpw knnpp. Cmepw \ot{Km
Pm Xn m cpsS BIr Xn, cm k m sc n
hWnpXp t]mse `bcambn ImWs
SpXp t\mpI.
Bcym h ns At[m `m K n ep
tZin\p ]mXmfsapw AhnsS hknp
P\p \mKmscpw t] ]dbphm\p
ImcWw B tZiw Bcymh\nhmknIfpsS
]mZXen nXn sNppshXpw B
tZinse cmPmhp \mKhwin\mK
Fp t]cmb Bfns hwin P\nh
\msWXpw BIpp. B \mKcmPmhns
]p{Xnbmb Deq]nsb Ap\\mWv hnhmlw
sNbvXXv. CzmIphns Imew apX Iuc
hm ]mWvUhm FnhcpsS Imew hsc
BcymcpsS cmPy`cWn\pw thZm[yb\
n\pw Bcymhn am{Xa, `qanbn
sepw Aev ]mev ]w {]Nmcw Dm bn cpp
FYw. CXn\p {]amWambn IWmm
hp Imcy an Xm Wv .: {_m hns ]p{X
hncmv, hncmns ]p{X a\p, a\phns
a acoNn apXemb ]pt] AhcpsS
a, kzbw`qh XpSnb GgpcmPm
m, Ah cpsS km \ fmb CzmIp
apXemb cmPmm ChscmamWv Bcym
hs \nanXpw Bcymhnse
BZys cmPmmcmbncpXpw.
ASnan\p ImcWw
Ctm \n`mKywsImpw `mcXobcpsS
aSn, A{i , At\ym\y hntcm[w Fn h
sImpw Bcy m cpsS AJWv Uhpw kzX
{hpw kzm[o\hpw \n`bhpambnp cmPy`
cWw Bcymhn Xs HcnSpan.
ap cmPy `cn p Xn s IY
]nsp ]dbm! Bcymhn Bcy
mcpsS \mSphmgvN Aev]sanepapsnepw
AXpw hntZiob B{IaWn\p hnt[bam
Ipp. kzX{cmb cmPmm hfsc Ipd
p t] tc bp q. ZpZn \ hcp tm P\
v At\Ihn[nep ZpxJ A\p
`hntn hcpp.
B F{X hfsc \ sNbv Xmepw icn,
kztZiob `cWw XsbmWv \mnv Ghpw
\Xv. adnv ]dm aXaXmcfm{Kln
msX Ah\hstbm A\ycpsStbm Imcy
fn ]t`Zw ImWnmsX {]PIfpsS
t\sc amXm ]n Xm m sc tmse s]cp am dn
smv Zb, \ymbw FnhtbmSpIqSn \S
p cmPy`cWw t]mepw hntZiobcptSXm
sWn ]qWkpJ{]Za. `n `mjI,
shtsd ]T \ co Xn I, hyXy kv X fmb
s]cp am Fn h bp ep hntcm [s
Zqsc XyPnpXv hfsc ZpjvIcamWv. AXp
]cnXyPnm ]w ]ckv]cw ]qW D]
Imchpw A`n{]mb sFIyhpw Dmhm hfsc
hnjaamWv . AXn\m thZmZnimkv {Xfnep
hyhItfbpw Ncn{X]mTtfbpw BZcnp
Xv k\fpsS IhyamIpp.
krjvSnImew
169
tNmZyw: PKns DXv]nptijw
F{XImew Ignp?
Dcw: \qn sXm qmdp tImSn, Ipsd
ew, Ipsd Bbncw kwhcfmWv PK
ns\ krjvSnpIbpw thZsf {]Imin
npIbpw sNbvXXn\p tijw Ignnp
Xv. Cu hnjbsn Rm cNnnp `qan
I bn

25
Fgp Xnbnp Xp t\mn bm epw.
krjvSnbpw krjvSnbpsS DmIepw Cs\
sbmamWv. IqSmsX Fmnepw hv Ghpw
kqvaambXn\v Ahn`mPyambXn\v ]c
amWp Fp t]. Adp]Xp ]camWp
Hn p Iq Sn t Xn \v AWp Fpw
cWp IqSnbXn\v ZzyWpIw AYhm
qehmbp Fpw t]cmWv. aqp ZzyWpIw
IqSn t Xn\v An, \mep ZzyWpIw
tNXn\v Pew, Ap ZzyWpIw tN
Xn\v ]rYnhn Fpw t]cmWv. cp ZzyWpIw
IqSn tm Hcp {Xk tc Wp hpw, cp
{XktcWp IqSntm ]rYnhymZnIfmb
Zriy]ZmYfpw DmIpw FYw. C{]
Imcw ]c am Wzm Zn Isf {Ia n Iqn
tv Cuizc `qtKmfmZnIsf \nann
cn p p.
khpw Imfbpw
tNmZyw: CXns\ [cnpsImncnpXv
BcmWv? tijs AXmbXv Bbncw ^W
fp kns incnemWv Cu `qan
nXn sN p Xv Fv Hcp h\pw, Ej `
ns sImntemsWv CXc\pw, Hn
tepasv A]c\pw, hmbphns\ B{i
bnp \nevpsv C\nsbmcph\pw ]dbp
p. kqcys BIj W i n sImp
BIr jv S ambn kz m \ p Xs
\nevpp FmWv asmcph ]dbpXv.
`qan L\ ta dn b Xm I bm BIm i n
At[m`mKntev ]XnpsImncnpp
Fv C\n bp sam cm A`n {]m b s Sp p.
CXnteXmWp kXyw?
Dcw: k cm P \mb tijs inc
ntem Imf bpsS sImntem BWp `qan
nXnsNpXv Fp ]dbpht\mSv k
nttbm ImfbptStbm amXm]nXmm
P\np kabp `qan FhnsS Bbncpp?
kw, Imf apXembh FntemWp nXn
sNpXv? Fp tNmZnWw. hrj`ns
apI fn emWp `qan Ccn p sXp ]d bp
apkamm au\w ssI sImpItbbpq.
Fm k n s ap I fn em sWp
]dbph kw BabpsS ]pdmsWpw,
Ba shnemsWpw, shw AnbpsS
D]cn`mKmsWpw, An hmbphns apI
fnemsWpw, hmbp BImins apIfnem
sWpw ]dtpw. AhtcmSv ""Chsbmw
FhnsSbmWncnpXv?'' Fp tNmZnWw.
Ah ""Cuizc\nemW''v Fpcw ]dbpw.
tij\pw hrj `\pw BcpsS a fm sWp
AhtcmSp tNmZnm ""Iiy]tbpw I{Zp
hn sbpw ]p{X \mWv tij s\pw ]ip
hns IpnbmWp Imf'' Fpw ]dbpw. Iiy
] acoNnbpsSbpw, acoNn a\phnsbpw, a\p
hncmnsbpw, hncmv {_mhnsbpw ]p{X
mcmIpp. {_mhv BZnkrjvSnbneph
\mWv. tij P\npXn\p apv Ap Xe
apd Ignnptm. Amev `qansb Bcv
[cnpsImncpp? Iiy]s P\\kabp
`qan Fntembncpp? Cs\ tNmZnm
Ahpw Dcw appw. Ielnm hcpw.
icnbmb knmw CXmWv: tijnncnp
Xns\bmWv tijw Fp ]dbpXv. AXp
sImv GtXm Hcp I hn ti jm [m cm ]rYn
hoXypav. tij\mIp B{ibtmSpIqSn
bXmWp `qan Fp ]dnpv . AXns Imcy
adnbmsX ks shdpsX kev ]w sImp
krjvSnp. Fm, hmkvXhn DXv]n
{]fbfn \np tijnh\mbn thsdbmbn
CcnpXp \nanw Cuizcs\ XsbmWp
tijs\p ]dbpXv Cuizc\mIp B[mc
tmSp IqSnbXmWv Cu ]rYnhn.
ktXyt\m`nXm `qanx (10. 85.1) EtKzZ
nep kqnbmWnXv . kXykzcq]\mb
Ime{Xbm _m[nsSm Hcnepw
\mi an m Cuiz c \mWv Cu `qan tbbpw
BZnXyt\bpw kIetemItfbpw [cnp
25. ae bm f n thZ ] cy S\w, thtZm Xv ]n F
A[ymbw
26 Dm k Zymhm ]rYnhn _n`Xn Fv EtKzZob
]mTw. A\Uzm Zm[mc ]rYnhoapXZymav
Fv AYhn
170
Xv.
DmZm[mc ]rXn ho apXZymav (10. 85.
1)

26
CXpw EtKzZnep hN\amWv. Cu
Dm Inmhmw Imf Fp IqSn AYap
XpsImv Imf `qansb Xmpsv k
ev ]n Xv . Fm `qtKm fs [mcWw
sNm Imfbv p Ignhptm Fv B aqV
Nnnn. Dm FXv ags]bvXp `qan apgp
h\pw \\bvp kqcys t]cmWv. kqcy
\mWp Xs BIj W i n sImp
`qansb [cn p sIm n cn p Xv . Fm
kqcymZnItfbpw [cnp in Cuiz\
mXmcpa.
kthizc [mcI
tNmZyw: C{X hfsc henb `qtKm f
sbpw apw [cnm Cuizc Fs\
i\mbn?
Dcw: A\ amb BIm i n `qan
apXemb henb temI, kap{Zn Pe
IWsat]mse Xosc sNdpXmWv. Afh
inbp Cuizcs apn Fa temI
Fmw IqSn Iqnbm t]mepw Hcp ]c
amWphn\p Xpeyamhn. Atlw AIpw
]pdpw Fm bnSpw hym]n n cn p p.
""hn`px {]Pmkp'' FXp bPqthZnep
hN\amIpp. (32. 8) B Cuizc {]PIfn
semw \ndncpv Fmns\bpw [cnpsIm
ncnpp. {InkvXym\nI, apkamam,
]ucm Wn I Fn h ]d bp Xp t]mse
khhym]nb Cuizcs\n CmWmb
krjv Sn apgp h\pw [cn p sIm n cn m
Atlw Hcn epw i \ . Fs m
In Cm Hcp hkvXphns\bpw Bpw
[cnphm IgnbpIbn. ""At\ym\yap
BIj W i n sIm m bn cnmw Cu
temIsfmw \ne\nevpXv ]nsn
\mWv Cuiz c [cn p sIm n cn p
sXpw'' Bscnepw ]dtmw. Ahp
c an XmWv : ""Cu krjv Sn A\ tam
kmtam? A\ambncnm Xcan. Fs
m BIrXnbp hkvXp Hcnepw A\
ambncnn. kmamsWp]dmtem?
temIfpsS AXnnbn thsdmcp temIw
Cm Zn n GXn s BIjWw
sImmWv Ah bpsS [mcWw kw` hn p
Xv? At\Iw hrfpsS Iqs h\w
F i_v Zw sImv hn h n p Xn \v
kajv Sn sbp w Hmtcm hr sbp w
shtsd KWnpXn\p hyjvSn Fpw ]d
bpp. `qan XpSnb kIetemItfbpw
kajvSnbmbnmWv PKv Fv ]dbpsX
n B kajvSnbmb PKns BIj
Whpw [mc Whpw {kjv v Sm hmb ]c ta iz \
msX ampw BhpIbn. PKns cN
bnXmhv Ah Xs. k Zm[mc ]rYnhow
apXZymav (134)

27
bPqthZnep hN\amWnXv. {]Imi
clnXfmb ]rYnhymZntemItfbpw ap
]ZmYsfbpw kzbw {]Imiapff kqcymZn
tem I CXc h kv Xp Fn h tbbpw
krjv Sn p Ibpw [cn p Ibpw sNp Xp
Cuiz c \m Ip p. kh hym ]n bmb Ah
Xs bmWp kI e P K n sbpw krjv Sn
Imhv, AhXsbmWp PKns\ apgp
h [cnpsImncnpXv.
`qanbpsS {àWw
tNmZyw: `qanbpw ap temIfpw Idp
pthm ncambn \nevppthm?
Dcw: Idnsmncnpp.
tNmZyw: kqcy Xncnbpp. `qan Xncnbp
n Fp Nne. `qanbmWp XncnbpXv,
kqcy Xncn bp n Fp thsd Nne.
GXmWv kXyw?
Dcw: cpw ]IpXn Ak Xy am Wv .
Fsm, thZn ]dnpXv C{]
Im c am Ipp: Bbw Kux ]riv \n c {I ao Z
kZmXcw ]pcx ]nXcw N {]bzx (b
Pp. 3. 6) Cu `qtKmfw PetmSpIqSn kqcys
Nppw Id n sm n cn pp FmWv
CXns AYw. AXn \m `qan bmWv {]Zn
Ww sNpXv.
B IrjvtW\ cPkm hcvamt\m \nth
ib arXwacvXyw N; lncWytb\ khnXm
ctY\m tZthmbmXn `ph\m\n ]iy (bPp.
33. 43)
hjm Zn I fpsS Imhpw {]Im i kz cq
]\pw tXtPm a b\pw ca Wo b kz cq]nbp amb 27. kZm[c ]rYnhowKymaptXamav Fp ]mTw
171
khnXmhv AYhm kqcy NcmNcfnsemw
AarXhjw s]mgnv IncWmarXw {]thin
n v aq amb kIe ]ZmY tfbpw
ImWnv Fm temIfpambn BIjW
KpW tmSp IqSn Xs ]cn [n bn am{Xw
{àWw sNpp. kqcy atsXnepw temI
n \p Np p w Xn cn bp n . C{ ] Imcw
Hmtcmtcm kucaWvUenepw Hcp kqcy
{]Im i I\pw ap temI tem Im c
{]ImiyfpamWv.
Znhntkmtam A[n{inXx (AYh. 14. 1.1)
Cu N{temIw kqcy\m {]IminXamIpw
hw `qanbpw av {Klfpw kqcys {]Im
i m em Wt{X {]Im in p Xv . Fm
cmhpw ]Iepw kZm Dv. `qanbpw ap temI
fpw {àWw sNptm kqcys t\sc
hcp hiv ]Iepw, kqcy\n \np adhp
hcpnSp cm{XnbpamWv. DZbw, AkvXa\w,
ky, aymw, aycm{Xn XpSn F{X ka
bt`Zfptm Ahsbmw HcnSsn
asm cn Sv kw` hn p sa w. Bcym
hn kqtcymZbw DmIptm ]mXm
fnAtacnbn kqcymkvXabamWv.
Bcymhn kqcy AkvXanptm
Atacnbn DZbamIpw. Bcymhn
D bm Ip tm Ata cn bn ]mXn cmhpw
Bcymhn ]mXncbmIptm Ata
cnbn Dbpw Bbncnpw.
kqcy Id p spw `qan Id p n
spw ]dbph AcmWv. `qan {àWw
sNbv Xn s n kl {km _v Z ]Iepw
cmhpw \op \n ev pw. kqcys t]cp I fn
semp {_[v\

28
FmWv. `qantbm
At\Iew aSp henapXpw `qanbn
\nv t{ImitImSnI AIsebpamsWYw.
ISp In\p Nppw ]hXw Xncn bp ]w
AXn\p hfsc t\cw thnhcpw. ISpIn\p
kzbw Xncnbphm hfsct\cw thXm\pw.
AtX hn[n, `qanbpsS {àWmemWv
cmhpw ]Iepw bYm tbm Ky ap m Ip Xv .
kqcy XncnbpXpsIm. kqcy nc
\m sWp ]d bp hv tPymXn mkv {Xw
AdnbpIbn. kqcy Xncnbpnsn Hcp
cminbn\np asmcp cmin bn te v Hcp
m\p \nv asmcp m\tv kw{I
anpIbnsp am{Xa, L\ap hkvXphn\v
{ à W c ln X ambn BIm i n Htc
m\p \nev phm km[yhpa. ""`qan Xncn
bpn, Iogvt]mp Iogvt]mp hoWpsImn
cnpIbmWp sNpXv. cp kqcymcpw
cp N{mcpw Pw_pZzo]n am{Xta
bp q.'' Fp ]d bp ssP\ a X mcpw
Im hns el cn bn apgp In bn cn p I bm
sWp tXmpp. `qan Iogvt]mp s]mbvsm
ncnpIbmWp sNpsXn Nppw hmbp
aWvUew CmXmbn On`nambntmIpw.
\nav\{]tZifn hknphp hmbp
hns kv]iw e`npIbn. D]cn`mKn
ephp hmbp A[nIw InpIbpw sNpw.
hmbphns KXn kZm Hcpt]mse Bbncnp
Ibpw sNpw. cpkqcymcpw cp N{m
cpapsn cm{Xnbpw IrjvW]hpw Dm
hpIbn. AXn\m `qanbpsS ASpv Hcp
N{\pw At\Iw tKmffpsS a[yn Hcp
kqcy\pw am{Xta Dq.
aptemIfnepw PohPmefpv.
tNmZyw: kqcy, N{ \ {X
Fnh Fp hkv Xp fmWv ? Ahbn
a\p jyXpS n bp krjv Sn Pm e
Dtm Ctbm?
Dcw: Cd tKmfsfmw temI
BIpp. Ahbn a\pjymZn PohnI
hknppv. Fsm
GtXjp loZMv kcvhw hkp lnXtatX
lnMv kcvhw hmkbt XZymZnZwMv kcvhw
hmkbt Xkvam Zzkh CXn. (i{X. Im.
14)

29
]rYn hn, Pew, An, hmbp, BImiw,
N{, \{Xw, kqcy Fnhbvp hkp
Fp t]cp hXv Ahbn Fm Ncm
Ncfpw hknpXpsImpw Ahsb Ah
28. Akuhm BZntXym {_[v\x (iX 13.2.6.1)
29 iX]Yw 14.6.9.4
30 am\hmZn PohnI Cmhsbnepw AhbpsS
hmk n\p tlXp hm I bm hkp Fp t] cm bn.
hoSns taqcbn a\pjy ]mpnsnepw
AXpw hoSns `mKambncnpXpt]mse, N{\n
Pohn I fn se nepw \psS `qan bnse hmk n\v
N{ klmbnpp.
172
hknnpXpsImpw BWv. Fmnsbpw
hmk `q an bm b Xp sIm mWv Ahbv v hkp
Fp t] hXv.30 kqcy\pw N{\pw
\ {X fpw ]rYn hn sb tmse hkp fm
sWn Ahbnepw CtXhn[n PohPm
e Dsp ]dbpXnsen\p in
Ww. Cuizc\nanXamb Cu sNdnbtemIw
a\pjymZn krjvSnPmefm \ndncns
ap temI sfmw iq\y fm bn cn ptam?
Cuizcs {]hrnsbmpw \njv {]tbmP\
a. AkwJyw temItemImcfn a\p
jymZn krjvSnIfnsn AhbpsS {]tbm
P\sav? AXn\m kIetemIfnepw am\
hmZn krjvSnI Dv.
BIrXnt`Zw hcmw
tNmZyw: a\pjymZn krjv SnPmefpsS
BIrXnbpw Ahbhfpw Cu temIn
teXpt]msetbm? AtXm `ntam CXctem
IfnepXv?
Dcw: Ipdv BIrXnt`Zw,hcmw. `qanbn
Xs ssN\, B{^n, Bcyhw, bqtdmv
Fo {]tZifnephcpsS BIrXn, Ah
bh, \ndw Fnhbn sXp t`Zap
Xpt]mse temImcfnepw hcmw. Fm
Cu temIn krjvSnnp P\pkpIsf
tmseXs A\ytemIfnepw krjvSnn
cnpp. IqSmsX Iv apXemb AwKfpsS
m\w temIn ImWsSpwt]mse Xs
bmWv temIm c fnepw D Xv . Fs
m kqcymN{aku [mXm bYm]qcvha
Iev]bXv Znhnw N ]rYnhowNmcnatYm
kzx (E. 10. 190. 3)
kqcy, N{, BImiw, `qan. Acnw
Ahbnep kpJ, hninjvShkvXp
Fnhsbmw [mXmhmb Cuizc apIev]
fn krjvSnncnpXpt]mse Xsbm
Wv, Cu Iev]nepw krjvSnnpXv. temIm
cfnepw Cs\XsbmWv. Hpta A
can.
thZw aptemIfnepw
tNmZyw: Cu temIn {]IminXamb
thZ XsbmtWm ap temIfn
epapXv? AtXm thsdtbm?
Dcw: ChnsSbp thZ Xs. Hcp
cmPmhns cmPy`cWw, \oXn\ymbhyh
I cmPyns Fm {]tZifnepw Htc
hn[n BbncnpXpt]mse cmPcmtP
izc\mb Cuizcs thZfn {]Xn]mZnX
amb \oXnbpw Atlns krjvSn km{am
Pynse kIetemIfnepw HpXsbm
Wv.
Pohmmfpw {]IrXnbpw
Cuizc\[o\w
tNmZyw: Pohmmfpw {]IrXnbnep
]ZmYfpw A\mZnbpw CuizckrjvSa
m Xp am sW n Ah bn Cuiz c\v
A[nImcta DmIm ]mSn. Fsm
Fmw kzX{fmWtm?
Dcw: cmPmhpw {]PIfpw kaImeo\cm
Ipp. {]PI cmPmhns A[o\nemWn
cnpXv. AXpt]mse Pohmmfpw PU
] ZmY fpw Cuiz cs A[o \ n emWv .
Cuizc temIsf krjvSnpp. Pohmm
p Iaêw sImSppp. Fmns\bpw
thpw hw cnpp. Afh inbp
h\pamWv. Atm AXyev]amb in
bp Pohmmfpw PU]ZmYfpw Fp
sImv Atlns A[o\nembnqSm?
Fm Iaw sNpXn Poh kzX{
\mWv. Iaê A\p`hnpXnemIs
Cuizcs hyhbvv A[o\\pamWv. AXp
t]mseXs PKns krjvSn nXnkw
lm c \S p Xpw kh i n am \mb
Cuizc XsbmWv.
ASp kap m k n hnZy, Ahn Zy,
_w, tamw Fo hnjb {]Xn]mZn
mw.
{ioabm\kckzXokzmanI cNn
kXymY{]Iminse
krjvSypev]nnXn {]fbhnjb
{]Xn]mZnp
Fmw kapmkw Ignp.
175
kXym{]Imiw H]Xmw kapmkw
hnZymw NmhnZymw N bkv XtZztZm`bMv
kl AhnZybm arXypw XocvXzm hnZybmf
arXaiv\ptX (bPp. 40. 14)
hnZybpsSbpw AhnZybpsSbpw kzcq]sa
sv Htc kabw Xs Adnbp a\pjy
AhnZy

1
bm AYhm Itam]mk\Ifm
acWs Pbnv, hnZysImv AYhm bYmY
m\wsImv tamw {]m]npp. Ahn
ZybpsS eWw:
A\nXymipNn ZpxJm\mkp \nXyipNn
kpJmJym XnchnZym

2
CXp tbmKimkv{Xnse kq{XamIpp.
A\nXyamb kwkmcnepw icocmZnIfnepw
\nXyXz_pn Inpw tInpw IpwtIpw
Adn bp Cu {]w A\m Zn bm sWpw
icocw Fpw \ne\nevpsapap hn]co
X m \ hp amWv Ahn Zy bpsS BZys
AwKw. AipNnbmb AXmbXv amen\yabamb
hkvXpfnepw anYym`mjWw tamjWw apX
emb A]hn{XIafnepw ]hn{XXImWp
_pnbmWv AhnZybpsS cmas AwKw.
hnj b kp J ns AXy tk h \ am Ip
ZpxJ n kpJ _pn ImWp Xv Ahn Zy
bpsS aqmas AwKhpw A\mhkvXp
sf BmhmsWp sXncnpXv Ahn
Zy bpsS \mem as AwKhpw BIp p.
Cs\ \mep hn[nep hn]coX m\
sbmWv AhnZysbp ]dbpXv.
hnZyeWw
CXn\p hn]coXambn A\nXyn A\n
9
H]Xmw kapmkw
kXym{]Imiw
hnZy, AhnZy, _\w, tamw
AY hnZymhnZy,_tamw hnjbw {]hymax
C\n hnZy, AhnZy, _\w, tamw Fo hnjb hymJym\npp.
2 tbmKkq{Xw km[\]mZw 5
1 AhnZym F ]Zn\v cp kamkfpv. \Rv
Xv]pcpj\pw, _lq{holnbpw. a{nse AhnZym
\Rv. XXv]pcpjkamWv. \ hnZym = AhnZym. Fs
m BZypZmamWnXv. \Rv XXv]pcpj\n D
c]Zn\p \ntj[w Iev]nbm AXn\\pkcnv
AYs t_m[nnpp. \Rnhbpa\y kZr
im[nIctWXYmlyYKXnx Falm`mjyhN\w
(3.1.12) CXn\p {]am W am Wv .) A\ iz am \b F
Bbvv `rXy khmcnp sImmhp IpXnc
bm \mevImen arKs sImphcpw. hnZy, Iaw
Fnhbvv imkv{Xfn klhnXzw ]dn
pv. XwhnZym IaWn ka\zmct`tX ]qh{]mN
(_rlZmcWyI D]\njv 4. 4. 2 \ncp. 14.7) CXn.
m\w Iaw ]qhwhmk\, kvXpXn, kwkvImcw
Fnh Bmhnt\msSmw t]mIpp. CmcW
m AhnZysbXn\. hnZybnm Fm X
Zriamb Iasav {KlnWw. CXv {KImc
AhnZy sb hymJym\nptm kv^pSoIcnppv.
_lp{holn kamknse AhnZy \mkvXn hnZymb
YmY m\w bkym km G Xn emtWm bYmY
m\anmXv Acw hn]coXm\n\v ]d
bp t]cmWv. sshtijnI Zi\nepw C{nbtZm
jmXv kwkvImc tZmjmm hnZymXpjvSw m\av.
(9.2.10&11) C{nbkwkvImc tZmjfmepmIp
AhnZy Zpjnnp m\amWv AhnZysbp ]d
bpp. tbmK kq{Xnse AhnZybvv Cu A
saSpWw.
176
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
XyX. \nXyn \nXyX. ]hn{XamXn
A]hn{XX, ]hn{XXbn ]hn{XX ZpxJn
ZpxJw, kpJ n kpJw A\m X bn
B`nX, Bmhn BX FnhIm
Wp XmWv hnZy ""thn bYm h z
]ZmcvYkzcq]w bbm km hnZym. bbm Xz
kzcq]w \ Pm\mXn {`Z\ykvan \ynivNn
t\mXn bbm km AhnZym'' GXn\m ]ZmY
fpsS bYmYkzcq]w Adnbppthm AXn
s\bmWp hnZy Fp ]dbpXv. GsXmn
\m Xzkzcq]w Adnbpntbm GXn\m
Hcp hkvXphn asmcp hkvXphns AkvXn
Xzt_m[w DmIppthm AXns\ AhnZy
Fpw ]dbpp.
AhnZy
Iahpw D]mk\bpw AhnZybmWv. Imc
Ww, Ah _mly fpw B c fp amb
{InbmhntijfmWv, m\a. AXpsIm
pXsbmWv Cu a{n ""]cnipamb
Iaw A\pjvTnpIbpw Cuizcs\ D]mkn
pIbpw sNmsX arXypZpxJs Bcpw
XcWw sNpn.'' Fp ]dnpXv.
]mh\amb Iam\pjvTm\w, ]hn{Xamb D]m
k\, ]cnipamb m\w FnhsImt
tamw InpIbpq. AkXy`mjWw XpS
nb Zpjv Ia , hn{K lm cm [ \, anYym
m\w FnhIfmepw _\amWpmIp
Xv FYw. Iaw, D]m k \, m\w,
FnhbmsX Hcp \nanjw t]mepw a\pjy\p
\ne\nn.

3
AXn\m kXy`mjWmZn
[abpIa A\pjvTnpIbpw anYym
kw `m j WmZn A[a sf XyPn p Ibpw
sNpXp am{XamWv tamn\p D]mbw
_hpw tamhpw thZmhpw
tNmZyw: tamw Inm Xn cn p Xv
BmWv?
Dcw: _nX\v
tNmZyw: _nX\mcmWv?
Dcw: A[anepw Am\nepw
AIs PohmmhmWv _nX
tNmZyw: _hpw tamhpw kzm`mhn
Iambn DmIptXm GsXnepw \nan
m InptXm?
Dcw: \nanm e`npXp Xs.
_ tam kzX kn fm sW n
Ah Hcnepw CmXmhpIbntm.
tNmZyw: \ hntcmt[m \ tNmXv]ncv \
_tm \ N km[Ix \ apapcv \ ssh
apn cntXyj ]camYnXm.

4
Cu ImcnI amWvUqtIym]\njntep
Xm Wv . Poh {_ am b Xp sIm v
hkvXpXx Poh\p \ntcm[tam, BhcWn
e I s S tem, P sa Sp tem, _ \tam
C. tam km [ \ f \p jv Sn p n .
tamw t\Sp hm Cn p n . Poh\v
Hcnepw tamw e`npn. Fsm
hmkvXhn _\ta Dmbnnsn
]ns tamsamWv?
Dcw: \ho \ thZmn I fp sS Cu
hmpI kXya. Poh Aev]kzcq]nbm
b Xn \m Bh c W n AI s Sp p.

5
icocw [cnv hynbmbn P\npp. ]m]
IafpsS êm\p`hamIp _\n
IpSppp. AXn \np hnpt]mIphm\p
A\pjvTm\w sNpp. ZpxJ\nhrn B{Kln
pp. ZpxJfn \np ap\mbn ]cam\
cq ]n bmb Cuiz cs\ {]m]np ssIh ey
kpJw A\p`hnpp.
tNmZyw: Cu [a sfmw ico c n
tXpw AxIcWntXpamWv. Pohmm
hn t X . Poh ]m] ]p Wy c ln X\pw
kmn am{X hp am Wv . iotXm jv Wm Zn I
icocns am{Xw [aamWv. BmhmIs
\nte]\pw.
Dcw: tZlhpw AxIcWhpw PUam
Wv. Ahbvv iotXmjvWfpmhpItbm
A\p`qXamhpItbm C. ssNX\yap a\p
jymZn Pohn I kv ]in p tm am{Xta
iotXmjvWfpsS m\hpw A\p`hhpw
DmhpIbpq. AXpt]mse AtNX\amb
{]mW\v hnipw Zmlhpw DmIpn. {]mW
3 \ln InXv Wa]n PmXp XnjvTXy IcvaIrXv
ImcytXlyhiyx Icva kcvhx {]IrXn ssPcvKpssW
(KoX 3.5)
4 KuU]mZob ImcnI 2. 32 AhnsS ap CtXyjm
Fp ]mTw
5 m\w ]cnamWw kmaYyw Fnhbn ]camm
hns\ At]nv Poh Aev]\mWv.
177
\p Pohm m p am{Xta hnipw
Zmlhpw DmIppq. AXpt]mse a\pw
PUambXpsImv AXn\v kpJhpw ZpxJhpw
DmhpIbn. a\kpsImv ljtimI
tfbpw, kpJZpxJtfbpw A\p`hnpXp
Pohm m hm Wv . _mtly {n b fmb sNhn
apXembhbm \Xpw Nobpamb i_vZmZn
hnj b sf {Klnv Pohm mhv kpJnbpw
ZpxJnbpamIpXpt]mse AxIcWfmb
a\v, _pn, Nnw, Almcw, Fnhbm
kev]w, hnIev]w, \nbw, kvacW, A`n
am\w Fnh sNbvXv inbpw km\hpw
Poh t\Spp. hm sImpsImp\mWp
inml. hmf. AXpt]mse icocw C{n
b, AxIcWw, {]mW Fo D]Ic
Wsfsmp \bpw Xnbpw sNp
PohmmhmWv kpJZpxJfpsS t`mmhv.
Pohm mhv Ia fp sS kmn b ,
Imhpw t`mm hp am Wv . Ia fpsS
kmn AZznXob\mb ]cammhv am{XamWv.
IawsNp Pohmmhp am{Xta Ia
fm _nX\mhppq. Pohmmhv Cuiz
ct\m kmntbm A.
tNmZyw: Poh {_ns {]Xn_nw
_ am Ip p. ImSn s]mn Imepw
{]Xn _nw _ n\v tIm sampw Xp n .
AXpt]mse {_ns {]Xn_nw_amb
Poh AxIctWm]m[n \ne\nevpXp
hsc AXn \ne\nevpp. AxIcWw
\inptm Poh apn{]m]npp.
Dcw: CdXv shdpw _meniamWv.
kmIm c am b Xn\p am{Xta asm n {]Xn
_nw_w Dm Iq. apJ n\pw Im Snpw
BIrXnbpv. Ah shtsdbpamWv. sht
sd b s n {]Xn _nw_w Dm hp I bn .
{_w \ncmImchpw khhym]nbpamIbm
{_n\v {]Xn_nw_ta DmhpIbn.
tNmZyw: t\mq! Bg ta dnb kz P e
n \ncmImchpw hym]Ihpamb BImiw
{]Xnênpp. C{]Imcw kzamb Ax
IcWn ]cammhns B`mkw ({]Xn
^ e \w) Dm Ip p. AXp sIm p X s
bmWv AXns\ NnZm`mkw Fp ]dbpXv.
Dcw: CXpw shdpw _meniamb anYym
hm p I fm Wv . BImiw Zriy a s n cnt
Ip BmWv AXns\ ImWm\mhpI?
tNmZyw: \oe \n d n s]mSn ] Sew
t]mse apIfn ImWp \oena BImi
at?
Dcw: A.
tNmZyw: AsXmWv ]ns?
Dcw: ]rYn hn, Pew, tXPv Fn h
bpsS hn`n{XktcWpfmWv AhnsS ImWp
Xv. AXn ImWp \oe\ndw Pem[nIyw
sIm p m b Xm Wv . ag bmbn hjn p
shw XsbmWp \oe\ndn ImWp
Xv. s]mSn]Sew t]mepXv `qanbn \np
s]mn dp hmbp hn Npn n cn bp
s]mSnbmWv. AhbpsS {]Xn_nw_amWv sh
nepw ImSnbnepw ImWpXv. BImin
tX.
D]m[nt`Zf. Cuizc\pw Poh\pw
tNmZyw:IpSmImiw, aTmImiw, taLmIm
iw, alZmImiw Fns\ `n hyhlm
c ImWp Xp t]mse {_ m Wv Uw,
AxIcWw Fo D]m[nIfpsS t`Zm
{_ns\ Cuizc Fpw Poh Fpw
]dbpp. IpSmZnI CmXmIptm alm
Imisap am{Xta ]dbmdpq.
Dcw: CXpw ]mac hN\amWv. BImiw
Hcn epw On `n am Ip n . {]tbm K
nepw ""IpSw sImphcnI'' FmWv ]d
bpI. ""IpSmImiw sImphcq'' Fmcpw ]d
bpIbn. AXn\m CXp icnb.
tNmZyw: ISen ayhpw ap PeP p
fpw BImin ]nIfpw apw k
cn p Xp t]m sebpw NnZm Im i {_
nAxIcWsfmw kZm kcnp
p. Ah kzbw PUfmsWnepw, kh
hym]nbmb ]cammhns kbm An
Xm]ta temlsat]mse tNX\fmbn
ocpp. ]nIfpw apw Nenpps
nepw BImiw \n e ambn hn p
hw Ax I c W Nen p p s
nepw {_w \neambncnpp. AXn
\m Poh {_amsWp hnizknp
Xn tZmjsampan.
Dcw: \nfpsS Cu ZrjvSmhpw icn
b. khhym]nbmb {_amWv AxIc
178
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
W fn {]Im inv Poh \mbn Xocp sX
n AXn khXzw XpSnb KpW
Dstm Cstm ]dbpXv? Bh
cWw DmIpXn\m khXzmZnKpW
CsmsWn {_w Bhrhpw
JWvUnXhpamsWtm AtXm AJWvUnX
amsWtm ]dtbXv? AJWvUnXamsW
n AXns Dn BhcWw Dmphm
km[ya. BhcWw Csn kXzw
Fp sIm n? {_w Xs kzcq]s
adv AxIcWns\mw Nenpp, kzcq
] tm sS b , Fp ]d bp Xpw icn b .
kzbw NenmXncns, AxIcWw F{X
sb{X {]tZisf ]nnv aptdnsmn
cnptam AhnShnsS {_w Am\nbpw
{`m hp am bn cn pw. ]nn n S fn D
{_w m\nbpw ]cn ip hpw aphpw
BIpw. Cs\ hnizhym]nbmb {_s
AxIcWw kh{X Zpjnnpw. _tam
ss\an jn I fp amIpw. \n fpsS
{]amWa\pkcnv Hcp Pohmmhn\pw app
ImWpIbpw tIpIbpw sNbvXXv kvacW
bn hcn I bn . Fs m app ImWp
Ibpw tIpIbpw sNbvX {_w CmXm
bnocpp. AXn\m {_w Poht\m Poh
{_tam A. Ahbvp Xn Hcnepw
sFIyw DmIpX. Ah Fmbvtmgpw
shtsd XsbmWv.
{_n A[ymtcm] JWvU\w
tNmZyw: CsXmw A[ym tcm ] a t{X.
Hn asmns\ m]npXn\v A[ym
]tcm]w Fp ]dbpp. {_sa hkvXp
hn kIe PKnt\bpw euInI hyhlm
ctfbpw Btcm]npXpsImv Pnm
kphn\v t_m[w DmIpp. hmkvXhn
Fmw {_w XsbmWv.
tNmZyw: Aymtcm]w sNpXmcmWv?
Dcw: Poh
tNmZyw: Fns\bmWp Poh Fp ]d
bpXv?
Dcw : Ax I c Wm h n am b
ssNX\ys.
tNmZyw: Ax I c Wm h n amb
ssNX\yw asmcp hkv Xpthm AtXm
{_tam?
Dcw: B {_w XsbmWv
tNmZyw: Atm B {_w Xs
bmtWm Xn PK n s anYym tcm]w
sNbvXnpXv?
Dcw: AtX, {_w XsbmWv. AXp
sImv {_ns\p lm\n?
tNmZyw: anymtcm]w sNpXpsImv
{_w AkXyhmZnbmhpIbnt?
Dcw: C. Fsm, at\mhmWnI
fm kev]npIbpw ]dbpIbpw sNp
sXmw AkXyamIpp.
tNmZyw: Atm at\m hm Wn I fm
an Yym h kv Xp sf k ev ]n p Ibpw
AkXyw ]dbpIbpw sNp {_w k
ev]hpw anYymhmZnbpamsWp hnt?
Dcw: hcs. AXpw RnjvSamb
Btcm]Ww Xs!
sImmatm AkXythZmnItf! \n
kXykzcq]\pw kXyIma\pw, kXykev]
hpamb ]cammhns\ anYymNmcnbmnbtm.
\nfpsS A[x]X\ImcWat CXv? Cuiz
c anYymkev]hpw, anYymhmZnbpamsWv
GXp ] \n j n em Wv . GXp kq{X n emWv
GXp thZnemWv FgpXnbnpXv? I
t]meo kp tZym K s\ inn p F ]g
smp t]msebmbtm \n ]dXv.
t]meokptZymK Is\ innpshp
]dbpXv DNnXamWv. I t]meok[nIm
cnsb innpXv \mp\Sn\p hn]coXam
Wtm. AXpt]mse \n anYyI k
ev]npw ]dpw kzw tZmjsf {_
nemtcm]npIbmWv . {_ns sNdn
sbmcwiw anYymhmZnbpw anYymImcnbpamsW
n A\amb {_w apgph\pw A{]Imc
am Ipw. Fs m AXv GI cq ] am Ip p.
Fm bYmYn AXp kXykzcq]\pw
kXyam\nbpw kXyhmZnbpw kXyImcnbpam
Wv. Cd tZmjsfmw \nfptSXmWv,
{_ntX. \n hnZybmsWp ]d
bpXv AhnZybmWv . \nfpsS A[ymtcm
]hpw any bm Wv . Imc Ww, {_ a m
Bmhns\ {_amsWpw {_s Poh
\msWpw kev]npXp anYymm\a
sn asmWv? Fpw \ndncnp
179
AXv ]cnnhpw Am\nbpw BhpIbn
. Hcnepw _n s]SpIbn. Am
\nbpw, ]cnn\pw m\hnbpw Aev]
\pw, Aev]\pw Poh\mWv. kh\pw
khhym]nbpamb {_a.
_tamhnhcWw
tNmZyw: apn Fp ]dbpsXmWv?
Dcw: "apn ]rY Kv ` hn P\m
bkymw km apnx' GXn \nv tamN\w
DmIppthm AXmWp apn.
tNmZyw: Fn\np tamN\w?
Dcw: Fn\np tamN\w Fm Pohm
mfpw Cnppthm AXn \nv.
tNmZyw: GXn\n p tamN \ amWv
CnpXv?
Dcw: GXn\np tamN\m`nemjw
DmIppthm AXn\nv.
tNmZyw: GXn \np tamNnphm\mWv
A`nemjw DmIpXv?
Dcw: ZpxJn \nv.
tNmZyw: tamNnv Fns\ {]m]npp?
FhnsS hknpp?
Dcw: kpJs {]m]n p p. {_
n hknpp.
tNmZyw: apnbpw _hpw FpImc
WfmemWpmIpXv?
Dcw: Cuiz cm ]cn ]m en p I,
A[aw, AhnZy, NokwkKw, Nokw
kv Im cw, No kz `m h Fn h bn
\npw AIp \np I. kXyw ]d bp I,
]tcm]Imcw sNpI, hnZym[yb\w sNpI,
]]mXw IqSmsX \ymbw [aw Fnhsb
hn n p I, app ]d n p Xp t]mse
Cuizcs\ kvXpXnpIbpw {]mYnpIbpw
D]mknpIbpw sNpI AXmbXv tbmKm
`ymkw sNpI hnZyI A`yknpIbpw
A`yknnpIbpw sNpI, [a\njvTmambn
]pcpjmw sNbvXv m\w hnnpI,
kthmakm[\If\pjvTnpI, sNp
sXmw ]]mXclnXambpw \ymb[asf
A\pkcnpw sNpI, C{]Imcap km[\
Isfsmp apnbpw CXn\p hn]coXambn
Cuizcmm ewL\w apXemb Iafm
_\hpw DmIpp.
apnbn Poh
tNmZyw: apnbn Pohmmhns ebw
Dm Ip pthm AtXm Pohm mhp ebn
msX hnppthm?
Dcw: Pohmmhp ebnmsX hn
pp.
tNmZyw: FhnsS hnpp?
Dcw: {_n hnpp.
tNmZyw: {_w FhnsSbmWv? ap\mb
Poh HcnSpXs nXnsNppthm
AtXm tkzmNmcnbmbn kh{X kcn
ppthm?
Dcw: kh{X kqW amb {_
n, ap Pohm mhv XS an m sX,
hn m\w, B\w Fn h b \p `hn v
kh{X hnlcnpp.
tNmZyw: ap Po h\v qe i cocw
Dtm?
Dcw: C.
tNmZyw: ]ns ns\ kpJw AYhm
B\w A\p`hnpp?
Dcw: AXn s kXy k ev ]mZn
kzm`mhn I Kp W fpw kI e km aYy fpw
Dv. ùXnIkwkw am{Xta CmXmIpp
q. t\mpI:
irWz t{im{Xw `h Xn, kv ]i b
XzKv ` h Xn, ]iy Nq` h Xn, ck b
ck\m `h Xn , Pn { L { LmWw ` hXn
a\zmt\m at\m `hXn, t_m[b _pn`
hXn, tNXbw n `hXylphmtWm
lmtcm `hXn.
(iX]Y. Im. 14)

6
tam n ùXn I i co chpw C{nb
tKmfIfpw Pohmmhn\n. Pohmmhns
kzm`mhnIKpW am{Xta Dq. apmh
bn Pohm mhp kz i n sImp
tIphm B{Klnptm t{im{Xambpw,
kv ]in p hm tXmp tm Xzm bpw,
Imm\nnptm t\{Xambpw kzmZdntb
tm ckt\{nbambpw, aWw Adntb
6 IpInnbnmm iX]Y ]mTamWnXv
180
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
tm {LmtW{nbambpw, kev]hnIev]
sNp tm a\ m bpw, \n bn p
tm _pn bm bpw, Hma h bv m Nn
ambpw, A`nam\nphm Almcambpw ]cn
Wanpp. kev]am{Xamb icocambn `hn
pp. Pohmmhp icocnencnptm
C{nbtKmfIsfsmp Imcy \nh
lnpXpt]mse tammhbn Xs
insImv Fm B\sfbpw A\p`
hnpp.
tNmZyw: AXns in I Fs\
F{X hn[nepXmWv?
Dcw: {][m \ in Hcp hn[ nte
Dq. Fm _ew, ]cm{Iaw, BIjWw,
t{]cW, KXn, `bw, hnthN\w, {Inb, Dm
lw, kvacW, \nbw, C, kvt\lw, tZzjw,
kwtbmKw, hn`mKw, kwtbmPIw, hn`mPIw,
{ih Ww, kv ]i \w, Zi \w, kz mZ \w,
{LmWw, m\w Fns\ Ccp]n\mep
hn[ n ep kmaYy tm Sp Iq Sn b XmWv
Poh. B kmaYyw sImp apnbn B\
s {]m]nv A\p`hnpsImncnpp.
tam n Poh\v \miw t\cn Sp sa n
tamkpJw A\p`hnpXmcmWv? tam
sap ]d bp Xp Pohs \mi am sWp
hnNmcnph alm aqVmcmWv. Fs
m, Pohmmhv ZpxJfn \np tamNnv
B\kzcq]hpw khhym]Ihpw A]cnn
hp amb ]c am m hn B\ tm Sp IqSn
nXn sNpXns\bmWv apn Fp ]d
bp Xv . Cu thZm imco cn I kq { Xw
t\mpI: A`mhw _mZcncml tlyhav (th.
Z. 4. 4. 10)
thZhymks ]nXmhmb _mZcn apnbn
Poh sbpw AtXm sSmw a\ n sbpw
AkvXnXzs kzoIcnpp. Poh\pw a\pw
ebn p sap ]cm i c AwKo I cn p n .
C{nbmZn ]ZmYfpsS A`mhappXm\pw.
AXpt]mse:
`mhw ssPan\nhnIev]ma\\mXv (th. Z.
4.. 4. 11)
ssPan\n F BNmcy tamw {]m]n
]pcp js a\ n s sb t]m se Xs
kqvaicocw C{nb, {]mW apXem
bhbpsSbpw AkvXnXzsbmWv, A`mhs
b AwKoIcnpXv.
ZzmZ im l h Zp ` b hn[w _mZ cm b tWmXx
(th. Z. 4. 4. 12)
hymkap\n apnbn `mhw A`mhw Fo
cn s\bpw AwKo I cn p p. tam n
Pohm m hp ip amb kmaYy tm Sp IqSn
hnpp. Fm AXnep A]hn{X
X, ]m]mNcWw, ZpxJw, Am\w apXembh
CmXmIpp.
bZm ]mhXnjvTt m\m\n a\km
kl _pn \ hntN jv StX Xmamlpx
]camwKXnav (IT. 2. 6. 10)
CXv D]\njZzN\amWv. ipa\kpw ]
mt\{nbfpw Poht\mSpIqSn Ftm
nXnsNppthm, Ftm nc\nbap
XmIppthm B AhtbbmWp ]caK
Xnsbvtamsap]dbpXv.
b Bm A]lX]m]vam hnPtcm hnar
XypcvhntimtImhnPnLtmf]n]mkx kXy
Imax kXy k ev ]x tkmft\zjv Shyx k
h n P n m kn X h y x kc v h m w
temIm\m]vt\mXn kcvhmwImam bkvX
amm\\phnZy Zy hnPm\mXoXn (Om. D. 8.
7. 1. )
khm Gj GtX\ ssZth\ Npjm
a\sskXm Imam ]iy catX. b GtX
{_temtI Xwhm GXw tZhm Bm\ap
]mktX Xkvamtjm Mv kcvth N temIm
Bmx kcv th N Imamx k kcv hmw
temIm\m]vt\mXn khmw Imam\ykvX
amm\a\phnZy hnPm\mXoXn. (Nmtm. 8.
12. 56)
aL h cv Xy hm CZMv ico c amw
arXyp\m XZkym arXkym icockymt\m
[njvTm\amtm ssh kicocmx.
{]nbm{]nbm`ymw \ ssh kioccky kXx
{]nbm{]nbtbmc]lXnckvXy icocw hmh
kw \ {]nbm{]ntb kv]riXx (Om. D. 8.
12.1) A]lX]m]vamhmbAXmbXv khn[
]m]fpw PcmacWfpw pXv]n]mkIfpw
Cm kXyIma\pw kXykev]\pw Bb
]c am m hn s\ bmWv At\z jn t Xv .
Ahs\ Adn bp hm \mWv B{K ln t Xv .
181
tamw {]m]n Pohmmhv ]cammhns
_wsImmWv kIetemIsfbpw kI
eImasfbpw {]m]npXv. ]cammhns\
Adnv tamkm[\tfbpw kzw ipn
tbbpw apmmhv Adnbpp. apmmhv
ip amb Znhy t\ {X mepw a\ n \mepw
Fmw Iv canpp. apmmhv {_tem
I n ImtWXmb ]c am m hn
hnv tamkpJa\p`hnpp. IqSmsX
khmcymanbmb Cu ]cammhns\bmWv
apn {]m]np hnZzmm D]mknpXv.
As\ Ah kh tem I tf bpw kh
Imatfbpw {]m]npp. GsXmw temI
fpw GsXmw Imafpw knnWsav
Ah k ev ]n p p thm Ah sbmw
Ahp knn pp Fp Xmev ] cyw.
IqSmsX B ap Pohmm qeicocw
XyPnv kev]abamb icocm ]camm
hn hnNcnpp. icoc[mcnIv kwkm
cZpxJn \np apcmbnocphm Hcn
epw km[yamXmWv CXn\p ImcWw.
{]Pm]Xn C{t\mSp ]dXv C{]ImcamWv:
Atbm ]ca]qPnX\pw sFizcybp\p
amb alm]pcpjm qeicocw acW[an
bmWv. knwlns hmbn BsShw
Cu icocw arXyphIv{XnemWv. acWan
m Pohmmhns ]mnSamWv Cu ico
cw. AXn\m Cu Pohmmhns\ kpJZpx
J kZm {Kkn n cn p p. ico c [m cn
bmb Pohmmhns\ kmwkmcnI ZpxJ
hnp]ncnbpIbn. icocanmXpw aphp
amb Pohm m hns\ kmwkm cnI ZpxJ
kv ]in p I t]m ep an . AXv {_ n
hnv kZm B\n apgpIpp.
apnbn \np Xncnphchv
tNmZyw: tamw {]m]n Pohm mhv
hopw Ftm sg nepw P\ \ a c W Zpx J
n hcptam Ctbm? Fsm
\ N ]p\cmhcv tX \N ]p\cmhtX
CXn. (Om. D. 8. 15) A\mhrnx i_vZm\m
hrnx i_vZmXv (th. Z. 4. 4. 33) bZv KXzm
\ \nhcvt Xma ]caw aa. (KoX. 15.
6) apXemb hN\fn \nv AdnbpXv
Xncnp hp hopw kwkmcs {]m]n
mtXtXm AXmWp apn FmWv.
Dcw: CXp icnb. Fsm thZ
nenXn\p \ntj[apv.
1. Iky \q\w IXakymarXm\mw a\matl
Nmcp tZhky \ma tIm t\m aly AZnXtb
]p\cvZmXv ]nXcw N Zrtibw amXcw N.
2. Atcvhbw {]YakymarXm\mw a\m
atl Nmcp tZhky \ma; k t\m alym AZn
Xtb ]p\cvZmXv ]nXcw N Zrtibw amXcw
N (E. 1. 24. 1&2)
3. CZm \o anh kcv h{X \mXy tm tZx
(kmwJyw 1. 159)
tNmZyw: BcpsS \ma s bmWp \mw
]hn {X ambn Adn tb Xv ? \mi an m
]ZmY fpsS a[y n nXn sN p
h\pw kZm {]Imicq]nbpamb GXp tZh
\mWp \s tam kpJw A\p ` hn nv
hopw Cu kwkm c n \app Pw
\evIpIbpw amXm]nXmmsc Zinnm
XncnpIbpw sNpXv?
Dcw: kzbw {]Im i kz cq ]\pw A\m
Znbpw \nXy ap \p amb ]c am m hns
\mas \mw ]hn {X ambn Adn b Ww. Bcv
ssIheyns B\a\p`hnnv hopw
Cu `qanbn amXm]nXmmcneqsS P\nn
p I bpw, Ahsc ImWn p Ibpw sNp
pthm B ]cammht{X tamhyhm
] I\pw khm [n Im cnbpw. Pohm m
Ctm _cpw apcpambncnpw]Sn Fpw
Bbn cn pw. _ tam v Hcn epw
BXynIhntZw C. AXpt]mse _hpw
tamhpw Fmbvt]mgpw DmbncnpXp
a.
tNmZyw: XZ Xy hntamtmf]hcv Kx
(\ymb. 1. 1. 22) ZpxJP{]hrntZmjan
ymm\m\maptcmcm]mtb XZ\
cm]mbmZ]hcvKx (\ymb. 1. 1. 2) ZpxJ
fpsS BXy n I amb hnt Z s bmWv
apn sbp ]d bp Xv . anYym m \ am
Ip AhnZy, tem`w XpSnb tZmj
hnjbmZnIfmb Nohmk\Ifnep {]hr
n, Pw, ZpxJw Fnh Dtcmcw \in
ptm ]q]qh CmXmbno
cpXpsImmWv tamw knnpXv .
AXv Fstpw \ne\nevpXpamWv.
182
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
Dcw: AXy F ]Zw AXy `m
hs am{Xta Ipdnmhq Fp \n_an
. ""AXy w ZpxJ a Xyw kpJw hmky
hcv tX'' F Xn \v "" Cu a\p jy\v
AXyw ZpxJhpw AXyw kpJhpw Dv''
FmWYw. AXyns AYw B[nIy
am sW t{X CXn\np {Kln m hp Xv .
ChnsSbpw AXyns AYw B[nIy
amsWp {KlnWw.
apnImew
tNmZyw: Pohmmhv apnbn \npw
aS n h cp sa n F{X Imew AXv apn
bn Ignbpw?
Dcw: tX {_temtI N ]cmImte
]cmarXmXv ]cnapNyn kth (apWvUI.
3. 2.6) apWv U tIm ] \n j n \nm Wn Xv .
tamw {]m]n Pohmm almIev]w
IgnbpXphsc apmhbn {_m\
a \p ` hn Xn \p tijw ap n kp Js
shSnv kwkmcntep hcpp.
Cd almIev]ns IWv C{]
ImcamWv: \mev]naqpen Ccp]Xn
\mbncw sImw Hcp NXpcypKw. cmbncw
NXpcypK Hcp Atlmcm{Xw. Cs\
apXv Atlmcm{X tNXv Hcp amkw.
As\ ]{p amk IqSnbXv Hcp
kwhcw. Cs\ Hcp\qdp kwhc
IqSnbXmWv Hcp ]cmImew.

7
CXns\
KWnX{]Imcw IWmn a\nemnsm
pI. C{Xbpw kabamWv apmhbn
B\a\p`hnpXv.
tNmZyw:Fm {K Im c m cp tSbpw
temIcptSbpw A`n{]mbw. P\\acWfn
tep Xncn p h cm Xm Wv apn Fm
Wtm?
Dcw: Akw`hyamWnXv. Pohmmhns
inbpw ico cmZn ]ZmY fpw D] I c W
fpw ]cnanXamWv. AhbpsSsbmw êw
A] cn an X am bn o cp sX s\bmWv ?
B\w A\p`hnpXn\v Afh inbpw
I a km aYyhpw D] I c W fpw Pohm m
v C. AXn\m A\amb B\w
A\p`hnphm IgnbpX. A\nXykm[
\fm kmZnp ê Hcnepw
\nXyamhpIbn. IqSmsX H Pohmmhpw
apnbn \np Xncnphcpnsn temI
ns Dqe\miw Xs kw`hnpw. Pohm
m kwkmcnenmXmhpsaYw.
tNmZyw: ap cm hp {Xbpw Pohm m
sf Cuiz c \nanv kwkm c n
hnSpw. AXn\m Pohmm \ntjw
CmXmhpIbn.
Dcw:As\bmbm Pohmmhv A\n
Xy\mhpw. DmIpXn\v \mihpw \nbam
Wv. Atm \nfpsS knm{]Imcw ap
cmb Pohmmpw \miw hcpw. apnbpw
A\n Xy am Ipw. IqSmsX apn m \p
henb Xnpw Xncpw Dm Ipw. AhnsS
apmm IbdptXbpq. Cdpn
. AXn\m Xncp hnpw. ZpxJm\p`h
amsX Hpw kpJapmhn. Ibv]nsn
a[pcw FmWv ? a[pc an s n Ibv s]
mWv? Hcp ckn\p asmcp ckw hncpam
IpXn\memWv cnt\bpw thXncndnbp
Xv. Fm ckfpsSbpw kzmZv A\p`hnp
h\v DmIpkpJw a[pcckapXpam{Xw
Ignpbmv DmhpIbn. AdpXnbp
Ia v HSp m êw \In bm
Cuizcs \ymb\njvT CmXmIpw. Xmm
hp `mcw NpanpXmWv _pnammcpsS
tPmen. Hcpav `mcw Npamhphs\smv
]pav

8
Npanm Npanph\t{X
A]hmZw DmIpXv . CXpt]mse Aev ]
\pw Aev]ka\pamb Pohmmhn
A\kuJys IbnhbvpXv Cuiz
tcmNnXamb Imcya. IqSmsX kthizc
]pXnb Pohmmsf DmZnnp ]w
GXp ImcW{Zhyn \nv D]mZnnp
pthm B ImcW{Zhyw Xopt]mIpw. hc
hn m Xp w sNe hp am { X ap ff Xp amb
`WvUmcw F{X henbXmbmepw Fsnepw
iq\yamImXncnn. AXn\m Pohmmhp
apnsb {]m]nnv hopw kwkmcntep
hcpsa \nWbw XsbmWp \Xv. Ipd
p Im e tp XS hn\p inn p Xn t\
7 CXv 31 tImSn 10 en 4000 tImSn hjfmWv 8 Dtcybn {]Nmcap XqpIWv. \psS
]gb ]dt]mse
183
m \ Xtm Poh ] cy XShpw Xqn
sm epw? apn bn\np Xncnp hc
Csn AhnSs saw ITn\XShnsp
am{X am Wv . {_ n eb sa Xp kap {Z
n apnmhepamWv.
tNmZyw: Cuizc \nXyap\pw ]qWm
\bp\pw BbncnpXpt]msebmWv
Pohm m hp sa n ]ns tZmj sampw
Ctm?
Dcw: Cuizc A\kmaYyw KpW
Ia kz `m h Fn h tbm Sp Iq Sn b h\pw
AhnZy, ZpxJw, Fo _fn ]Xnm
h\pw Pohm mhp tamw {]m]n mepw
ipkzcq]\pw Aev]\pw ]cnanXfmb
KpWIakz`mhtfmSp IqSnh\pw Bbncn
pw. Hcnepw Cuizct\mSp Xpey\mhpIbn
.
tNmZyw: tamw {]m]n Pohmmhv
apm h bn \np aS n h cp sa n
apnbpw P\ \ a c W cq ] amb kwkmcw
t]msebmWv. AXn\m tamn\p {]b
Xv\npXv hyYw Xs.
Dcw:tamw P\\acW t]mse
b. 36000 {]mhiyw DXv]n{]fbv
F{X Imew thn h cp pthm A{X h f sc
mew IgnbpXphsc Pohmm ZpxJ
fn \nIv apcmbn B\w A\p`
hnpXv sNdnbImcyamtWm? Cpm
\msf hni p sap IcpXn Cp m Xn cn
ptam? hni v , Zmlw, \nm c amb [\w,
cmPyw, biv, `mcy, km\ apXembh
bvmbn {]bXv\w sNpXmhiyamsWn
tamn\p ]cn{iaw FpsImv Bh
iya? acWw \nnXamsWnepw Pohnn
cn p hm \p D]m b sNm dp tm?
AXpt]mse Xs apnbn \nv PsaSp
Wsancnnepw tamtm]mb A\p
jvTnpXv AXymhiyw Xs.
km[\ NXpjvSbw
1. hnthIw
tNmZyw: tam km [ \ Fs m
amWv?
Dcw: tamkm[\fn NneXp ]d
pIgnp. Fmepw Ch {itbfmWv.
apapp AXmbXv tamn\m{Klnp
h ZpxJêapfhmp anYym`mjWmZn
Isf shSnv kpJê \Ip kXy
`mjWmZnIsf \nbambpw A\pjvTnWw.
]m]m N cWw ZpxJ n sbpw [am N cWw
kpJnsbpw aqeImcWamWv. k\
fpsS kwkKwsImp kXymkXysfbpw
[am [a sfbpw I hym I hy
tfbpw thXncndnbWw. ]noSv icocns
AYhm Pohs ]tImisf hnthNn
dn b Ww.
] tIm i
XzpapX An hscbp ]rYnhoab
kapZmbn\mWv AabtImiw Fp]d
bpXv. CXmWv HmatXv.
cm a tXp {]mW a b tIm i am Wv .
AXn ({]mW) AIp\np ]pdtp
\nKanp hmbp (A]m\) ]pdp\nv
AItp {]thinp hmbp (kam\)
\m`n bn Ccpv ico c am k Iew cks
hym]n n p hmbp, (D Zm \) A ]m \
sf Dntev BIjnpIbpw _e]cm
{Iasf DfhmpIbpw sNp hmbp, (hym
\) Poh ico c m sNp Fm
tNjvSIfpsSbpw ImcWamb hmbp Fnh
sbmw nXnsNpp.
aqmatXv at\mabtImiamWv. hmv,
]mZw, ]mWn, ]mbp, D]w, Fo Ap
Ita{nbfpw Almchpw a\tmSpIqSn
nXn sNpp.
\mem a tXv hn m \ a b tIm iw.
AXn _pn, Nnw, Fnhbpw t{im{Xw,
Npkv, Xzv, Pnlz, \mknI Fo mt\
{nbfpw nXnsNpp. Ahsbsmv
Poh m\mZnhyhlmc \nhlnp
p.
AmatXv B\abtImiw. AXn
{]oXn, {]kX, Ipdthm IqSpXtem Bb
B\w Fnhbpw Ahbvm[mcamb {]Ir
Xnbpw Ccnpp.
Ch bmWp ] tIm i . Ch bmWp
Pohmmhns Fm Ia, D]mk\m, m\m
ZnIfpsS \nhlWn\pXIph.
184
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
Pm{Kv, kz]v\ kpjp]vXn Fnhsb
bmWv aqv AhIsfp ]dbpXv.
icocw \mep hn[nepv. Ahbnsemv
CmWp qeicocamWv.
cm a tXv Ap{]m W, Ap
mt\{nb, Apkqva`qX.
a\v, _pn Fo ]Xnt\gp XXzfpsS
kapZmbamb kqvaicocamWv. P\\acW
fn Pohm m hns IqsS bp Xv Cu
kqvaicocamWv. Cu kqvaicocw cp
hn[nepv. Hp ùXnIamWv. kqva`qX
fpsS AwifmepmnbXmWXv. at
Xns t]cv kzm`mhnIsamWv. CXv Pohs
kzm`m hn I Kp W cq ] am Ip p. Cu kqv a i
cocw apnbnepw \ne\nevpp. apnkpJw
CXpsImmWv A\p`hnpXv.
aqmatXp ImcWicocw. kpjp]vXn
AYhm KmV \n{Z Dm Ip Xv AXn em Wv .
AXp {]Ir Xn cq ] am I bm hn`phpw Fm
Pohmmpw IqSn GIhpamWv.
\mematXv Xpcobw. AXnencpv Pohm
mhv kam[nbneqsS ]cammhns B\
n apgp Ip p. Cu kam [n kw kv Im cw
sImpmIp ipicocns ]cm{Ia
amWv

9
ssIheymhbnepw klmbIam
IpXv. Cu tImifn \npw AhI
fn \npw Xopw `namWv Pohmmhv.
Poh AhIfn \nsmw thsdbmsW
s m hpw Adn bmw. acWw kw` hn p
tm Poh t]mbn FmWv Ghcpw ]dbp
Xv. Cu Poh XsbmWv Fmnsbpw
t{]cI\pw. [mcI\pw, kmnbpw, Imhpw,
t`mmhpw. Poh Imhpw t`mmhpa
sv Bsc nepw ]d bp p sh n Ah\v
Adnhn. hnthIhpan, Pohmmhnsn
ap PU ] Z smpw kpJ Zpx J
fpsS A\p`hhpw ]pWy]m]fpsS IXr
Xzhpw Dm hp I tb bn . Mv lm! Ch bpsS
_mXsbmhmw Poh ]m]]pWy
fp sS Imhp w kp J Zp x J fp sS
t`mmhpw BIpXv! C{nb AY
fnepw. a\kv C{nbfnepw Bmhp a\
nepw kwbpambn {]mWsf t{]cnnv
\Xpw Nobpamb Iafn {]hn
n p tm am{Xta Dn kZv Ia
ktmjw, Dmlw, \n`bXzw Fnhbpw
Zpjv Iafn `bw, i. e Fnhbpw
DmIppq. CXv Acymanbmb ]camm
hns inWamWv. Cu inWa\pkcnv
{]hnph apnP\yamb kpJs
A\p`hnpp. hn]coXambn hnp
h _P\yfmb ZpxJs A\p`hnp
p. Cs\ ]rYnhn apX Cuizc]cy
ap ]ZmY fpsS KpW Ia kz `m h f
dnv Cuizcs Bm]me\w D]mk\
Fnhbn Xev]ccmIpI, hncpambn t]mIm
XncnpI, krjvSnbn \nv D]Imcw t\SpI
Fn h bmWv hnth I sap ]d bp Xv .
CXmWv apnbpsS Hmw km[\w.
2. sshcmKyw
cm as km[\w sshcm Ky am Wv .
hnthIw sImp kXymkXysf thXncn
dnp kXymNcWs kzoIcnpIbpw
AkXymNcWs XyPnpIbpw sNp
XmWv sshcmKyw.
3. jUvI kn
aqm as km[\w jUv I k n
AYhm iaw apXemb Bdphn[nep Ia
fpsS A\p jv Tm \ am Wv . Bm hn s\bpw
AxIcWsbpw A[amNcWn \nv
AIn kZm [am\pjvTm\n {]hnn
p XmWv iaw,. Bdp Ia fn BZy
tXv CXmWv. cmatXv Zaw AXmbXv,
t{im{Xw XpS nb C{n b sfbpw ico c
tbpw hy`nNmcmZn ZpjvIafn \nIn
PntX{nbXzw t\SpI XpSnb \ Ia
fn {]hnnWw. aqmatXv D]cn
bmWv . ]m]w sNp h cn \nv kZm
AIp \nWw. \mematXv XnXn.
\nmkvXpXnIfpw em`\jvSfpw F{XXs
kw` hn mepw kpJ Zpx J fn msX kZm
tamtm]mbfnXs Bk\mbncnp
XmWv XnXn . Ama t Xn\v {i
Fp t]. thZmZnkXyimkv{Xfnepw B
imkv{XfpsS m\w sImp ]qhnZzm
mcmbnpff B]vXmcpsSkXyw D]tZin
phcpsShN\fn am{Xw hnizknp
9 ]cm{Iaw cqVmYa. asmntev Ibdn
BWnXv. Cuizc Poht`Zns knmw ChnsS
IqSpX kv]jvSampp.
185
XmWv {i. BdmasXp kam[m\wNn
ns GIm{KXBWv. Cd Bdpw
IqSntXmWv aqmas km[\w.
\memas km[\w apappXzw BWv.
hn i p h tNmdp w, Zmln p
hshhpw AmsX asmpw cpNnpn
. AXpt]mse tamnepw tamtm]mb
fnepw. AmsXasmnepw CjvSanmXn
cnpXmWv apappXzw.
km[ \ I f \p jv Tn p I gnv A\p jv Tn
t A\p_Ia ChbmWv: BZy
tXv "A[n Imcn" Cu \mep km[ \ Ifpw
Dff ]pcp j \mWv tam n\v A[n Im cn.
cmatXp "kw_w." {_{]m]vXnbm
Ip tamw {]Xn]mZyhpw thZmZnimkv{X
AXns {]Xn]mZIfpamWv. Ahtb
th Xp t]mse Adnv ka \z bn n p
XmWv kw_ w. aqm a tXv "hnjbn'
bmWv. imkv{XfpsSsbmw {]Xn]mZyhnj
bamb "{_ns {]m]vXn' F hnjb
tmSpIqSnb ]pcpj XsbmWv hnjbn.
\mematXp {]tbmP\w. khZp:J \nhr
nbpw ]cam\hpw {]m]nv tamkpJw
knnpXmb {]tbmP\w Fnhsb \mev
A\p_ Fp]dbpp. A\cw hcp
XmWv {ih W N Xp jv S bw. Hm a tXv
{ihWw. hnZzmmcmscnepw D]tZiw \Ip
tm Ahsb imNn\mbn {im]pw
tIpXmWv {ihWw. hntijnpw {_
hnZy AXyw {itbmsS tIWw. Imc
Ww, kIe hnZyIfnepw hv kqvamWXv.
cmatXp a\\w. tIpIgnv GIm
encpv AXnt\n NnnpXmWv
a\ \w. Fm\pw i bp m bm hopw
tNmZnWw. {ihWkabpXs ]dbp
h\pw tIp h\pw DNn X sap tXmn
bm kwibw tNmZnpIbpw kam[m\w ]d
bpIbpw thWw. aqmatXp \nZn[ymk\w.
{ihWw sImpw a\\w sImpw kwibw
Xo hnjbs kam[n\mbn, Iv Adn
bWw. tIXpw NnnXpw icntbm sXtm
Fv [ym\tbmKwsImv ZinWw. \mem
a tXp kmm Xv Im cw. ]Zm ns
kzcp]w, KpWw, kz`mhw Fnh bYmXYambn
AdnbpXn\v kmmXvImcw Fp t]. Ch
sbbmWp {ihWNXpjvSbsap]dbpXv.
t{Im[w, amen \yw, aSn, {]amZw apX emb
XtamKpW Cujy,tZzjw, Imaw, A`n
am \w, hnt]w XpS nb ctPm Kp W
Fnh shSnv imX, ]cnipn, hnZymhn
Nmcw apXemb kmXznIKpW kzoIcn
Ww.
(ssa{Xn) kpjvScn kvt\lw, (IcpW)
Zp:JnX cn Zb. (apZn Xm) ]pWym m sf
ImWp tm ktm jw. (Dt]m) Zpjv S
tcmSv A{]oXn, sshcanmbva Fnhbpw kzoI
cnWw.

10
apapp Znhkhpw cpaWnq
dn Ipd bmsX [ym\w sN Ww. Atm
AIs a\pw ap ]Zmfpw kmm
XvIcnmw.
BXvamhpw icochpw `nw
t\mq! \mw tNX\kzcq]nIfmWv. AXn
\m m\kzcq]nIfpw a\ns kmn
IfpamWv. Fsm a\v imtam, N
etam A\]qWtam, hnjmZbptam BIp
tm AXns\ \mw \ hw Adn bp p.
AXpt]mse \mw C{nb {]mW apX
em b hsb Adnbp hcpw app I Xns\
Hmashphcpw, Htc kabv At\Iw
kwKXnIsf Adnphbvphcpw [mcWw
BIjWw, Fnh sNphcpw, Chbn
\nsmw `ncpamWv. `ncsn kzX{
ambn Iaw sNphtcm, AXns t{]cItcm
A[njv TmXmtfm BhpItb Cmbncpp.
]ti
Ahn Zym kv anXm cmK tZzjm `n \n thimx
] timx (tbm. Z. 2. 3) Chbn AhnZy
bpsS kzcq]w ]dp Ignp.

11
thdnncn
p _pn Bmhn \np `nasp
a\nempXmWv AkvanXkpJnt\m
Sp CjvSn\v cmKsapw ZpxJnt\mSp
CjvSn\v tZzjsapw ]dbpp. Rm kZm
icocn Xs nXnsNpw, Hcnepw acn
p I bn F Pohn Xmi kIe Pohn
Ipw Ftmgpw Dv. acWZpxJtmSp
`bamWv A`n\ntthiw. Cu Ap ti
10 ssa{XoIcpWm apZntXmt]mWmw...... (tbm. Z. 1.38)
11 t]Pv 366 t\mpI
186
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
sfbpw tbmKm `ym kw sImpw hnm\w
sImpw AInbnv {_s {]m]nv apn
bpsS ]cam\w A\p`hntXmWv.
tNmZyw: \nv kzoImcyamb apn
btm aphcptSXv. t\mq. ssP\aX
mv taminebn AYhm inh]pc
n sNp au\ ambn Ccn p XmWv
apn. \mem as BIm i n sNv
hnhmlw, Ielw, ]mpwsImpw, \ hkv{X
[mcWw apXembhbm B\npXmWv
tam sap {Inkv Xp a X m Icp Xp p.
AXp t]mse Ggm as BIm i n
sNp kpJnpXmWv tamsap apl
Zob IcpXpp. hmaamKnI {io]pc
nepw, ssih ssIemknepw, sshjvW
h sshIpWvTnepw tKmIpe hmknIfmb
tKmkmbnam tKmtemInepw sNv hnin
jv S kv {Xo I, A ]m \o b, hkv {X
, hmke apXembhsb {]m]nv
B\npXns\bmWv tamsap Icp
Xp Xv . ]ucm Wn I cm Is (kmtem Iyw)
Cuizcs temIn hknpI, (km\p
Pyw) A\pPs\tmse Cuizcs IqsS Xma
knpI, (kmcq]yw) D]mkytZhs cq]w
{]m]npI, (kmao]yw) tkhIs\tmse
Cuizcs kao]n nXn sNpI (km
bqPyw) Cuizct\mSp IqSntcpI Cs\
\mep

12
hn[nepXmWp tamsap
IcpXpp. ]c{_n ebnpXmWp
tamsap thZmnIfpw hnizknpp.
Dcw: ]{mw kapmkn ssP\
cpsSbpw ]Xnaqmw kapmkn apk
ammcpsSbpw apn apXemb hnjbsfn
hnkvXcnsgpXmw. hmaamKnI {io]pcn
sNp evaotZhnsbtmep kv{XoIsfbpw
aZyamwkmZn `Wkm[\sfbpw kwKoXm
ZnkpJtfbpw A\p`hnpsImncnp
XmWp apnsbp IcpXpXv Cu temIs
m Hpw sa a . AXp t]m se X s,
ssIemkntem sshIpWvTntem sNv,
inhstbm, hnjvWphnstbm BIrXntbm
SpIqSn {io]mhXnsbtmsebpw {io`KhXn
sb tm se bpap kv {XoI sfm cp an n cpv
B\w A\p`hnpI FXn Cu temI
n ep [\ hm m cp sSbpw cmPm m cp
sSbpw nXn tb m Hcp sa ta bp q.
AhnsS tcmK Dm hp I bn . bu\w
Fpw \ne \npw A{X am {Xw. Fm
Ah cpsS hnNmcw sXm Wv , t`mK ap n S
smw tcmKhpw tcmK ap n S smw
hmv Iyhpw \n b am Wv . \n fpsS Cu
\mepXcw apn, IranIoS ]narKmZn
I apXembhbvpIqSn kzknamWv. Fs
m CmWp temIsfmw Cuizct
XmIpp. kIe PohPmefpw ChnsSs
hknpXn\mkmtemIysa apn A\m
bmtk\ e`npp. Cuizc khhym]nbm
I bm kI eXpw At l ns kao]w
nXn sN p p, Xn anw kmao ]y sa
apnbpw kzXxknamIpw. Pohmmhv Cuiz
ct\m Fmhn[nepw sNdnbXpw tNX
\hpamIbm kzXx _phns\tmsebmWv.
AXn\m kmbqPysa apnbpw {]bmkw
IqSmsX knnpp. kIe Pohmmfpw
khhym]I\mb ]cammhn hnp
Xn\m ]cammhnt\mSp tbmPnncnpp.
AXn\m kmbqPyw F apnbpw {]bmkw
IqSmsX e`npp. Fv ]ucmWnItcmSp ]d
b Ww. ap \mkv Xn I

13
ac Wm \ cw
Xz Xz tfmSp tNv ]c a amb
apn ssIhcpsp hnizknpp. AXp
\mbvpw IgpXIpw IqSn Inmdpv.
hmkvXhn CsXmpw apnb. Hcp Xc
n ep _ \ am Wv . CsXmw apn bm
sWp hnNm cn p h inh ]p cw, tam
ine \memwBImiw, GgmwBImiw, {io]p
cw, ssIemkw, sshIpWvTw, tKmtemIw Fn
hsbmw Hmtcm Znnep m\hntij
fmsWp hnNmcnpp. Ah B m\
fn \nv hnpt]mIptXmSpIqSn AhcpsS
apnbpw Xocpp. thensn Agnphn
t\mpnsbtmse Ah _\cmWv.
Cm\pkcWw FhnsSbpw kcnpXm
Wv. apn, `btam, itbm, ZpxJtam Dmhp
Itb C. Pw DXv]nbpw acWw {]fbhpw
12 ChnsS Aphn[ apnI ]dbpp. Dcn
kmcq]ysn ]dbpn. km\qPyw ]ucmWnI
\ntinppan. aqe]mTn Ftm XIcmdp
mbXmhmw.
13 NmhmImZnI
187
BWv. kabamIptm PsaSppp.
]qhP kvacW
tNmZyw: Pw Htm At\Itam?
Dcw: At\Iw
tNmZyw: At\I amsWn ]qhPw,
acWw Fnhsbn HmahcmsXv?
Dcw: Pohm mhv Aev ] \m Wv .
{XnImem\nb. AXn\m Hma Dmhp
n . m\w \Ip a\v Htc k abw
cv AdnhpI Hnp {Klnphm ia
. ]qhPImcy kvacnpXns IY
Ccns, Cu Pn, Poh K`n
hv icocapmbn P\nv, Aphbp hsc
Dmb Imcysfmw kvacnm\mImsX
mWv? Pm{Knepw kz]v\nepw hfscm
cy {] Xy ambn Adn nv Ahsb
kpp]vXnKmV\n{Zbn kvacnm\mIm
sXmWv? IqSmsX Hcp ]ocmv aps
]Xn aqmw sIm nse Amw amkw
HXmw XobXn ]p aWn Hcp an\n n\v
\n Fp sNbvXpsImncpp? B ka
bp \nfpsS apJw, ssIv, sNhn, Iv
icocw Chsbmw Ftmv Xncnncpp?
a\n Fp hnNmcnpsImncpp? Fp
tNmZn p Xm bm \n Fp adp ]Sn
]dbpw? Cu P nse IY bn Xm sW n
]q P hrm fpsS kv ac W sb n
kwibnpXv shdpw _meNm]eyamWv. B
kv acW Dm Im Xn cn p Xp Xs bmWv
Pohmmhn\p kpJw. Asn ]q P
ZpxJnp acn p I tb bp q. ]qh P n
sebpw hcpw Pnsebpw Imcyfdnbm
B{Klnmepw AXkm[yamWv. Fsm,
Pohmmhv Aev]\pw Aev]kzcq]nbpam
Wv. AXn\m Cmcyw Cuizc\msX Pohm
mhn\v AdnbmhpX.
hnkvarXIafpsS êw
tNmZyw: Pohmmhn\v ]qhkvacWbn
m Xn cn s AXn \v Cuiz c in
\evIp ]w Pohmmhn\v kXvIam`n
cpNn Dm hp I bn . Rm sNbv X Ia
ns êamWv Ctmg\p`hnpsX
Adnhpmbm am{Xta ]m]n \nv
]nhmphm Pohmmhn\p IgnbpIbp
q. At?
Dcw: m\w F{X hn [ n ep s
mWv hnNmcnpXv?
tNZyw: {]XymZn {]amWfm Fp
hn[sav.
Dcw: Fn P\\w apX Hmtcmka
bv , A[n Im cw, k v , _pn, ]Tn v ,
Zmcn{Zyw, _pn bn m bv a, aqVX apX emb
kpJZpxJ {]m]vXnIsf Idnv ]p\
ns Adnhv Dm Im Xn cnp sX p
sImv? t\mq. sshZy\pw, sshZy\m
bm fn\pw Htc tcmKw ]nSn s] Sp p. tcmK
ns \nZm\w AYhm ImcWw sshZy Adn
bp p. sshZy \ m bm Adn bp n .
sshZy BbpthZw A`yknnpv . atbm
A`yknnn FXmWv ImcWw, ]\n apX
emb km[mcW tcmK ]nSns]Sptm
CXn\p ImcWw ]YytSmWv Fv sshZy\
m bm fn\pw a\ n em mw. CXp t]mse
temIn hnhn[ kpJZpxJfpsS Gp
dhp Iv ]qhPs A\pam\ndnbm
sX p sIm mWv ? IqSmsX ]qh Pw
Dsv AwKo I cn m ]w Cuiz c
] ]m Xo bmbno cpw. ]m]w sNmsX
Zmcn{Zyw aqVX apX emb ZpxJ sfbpw
]qhmPnXamb ]pWyw IqSmsX A[nImcw
kv XpSnb kpJsfbpw Pohmm
hn\p \ev In b sX s\? ]qh P n
sNbvXnp ]pWy]m]\pkcnv kpJ
ZpxJ \evIptmgmIs Cuizc \ymb
Imcnbmbn hnpp.
tNmZyw: Hcp Pw am{Xta Dsncn
nepw Cuizc\v \ymbImcnbmbncnm
Ignbpw. khm[n]\mb cmPmhv sNp
sXmw \ymbw Xs bm Wv . tXm m c
Xs tXm n sNdpXpw hep Xp amb
hr \phfpp. Ahbn Nne
Xns\ Ah shn sNdpXmpp. NneXns\
]n gpXp If bp p. Nn e Xn s\ cn v
hfnhepXmpp. ssIhipXns\
Cjv Sw t]mse sNmw. ampw AXp
tNmZnm AhImian. Cuizc kthm
]cnbmb \ymbm[n]\mWv. amcpw Atl
s innpIbn. Bscbpw Cuizc\p
`bsSm\pan.
Dcw: Cuizcs alXzhpw ]qPyXbpw,
188
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
\ymbw Cjv S s Sp Xnepw sNp Xnepw
A\ymbw sNmXncnpXnepw A[njvTnX
amWv. \ymbtSv sNbvXm Cuizc Am
Xm Ipw. tXm m c bpn bn msX hgn
bntem atmacw hfpIbpw shcpXm
hsb shpIbpw ]mgvac hfpIbpw
\ a c hfm Xn cn p Ibpw sNp
]w \nnX\mhpItb Dq. AXpt]mse
AImcWambn {]hnm Cuizc\nepw
B tZmjw hcpw. Cuizc \ymbm\pkrXam
bn s {]hn Ww, Cuiz c kz`m
th\ ]hn{X\pw \ymbImcnbpamWv. AXn\m
Ds\tmse hXpw sNbv Xm temI
nse \ \ymbm[n]t\m Xmgvh\pw
A\m Z c Wo b \p am bn tm Ipw. tbmKy Xtbm
kXvam\pjvTm\tam Cmbmfn\v _lp
am \hpw Zpjv Ir Xy sNm bm fn\v
inbpw \Ip bm \ny\pw At{i
jvT\pw BhpIbnt? AXn\m Cuizc Hcn
epw A\ bmkw {]hn p n . Xn
anw Xs Bscbpw `bsSppan.
tNmZyw: Cuizc Bp F{X sImSp
msav apIqn Xocpam\n{Xbpw \Ip
Ibpw Fp sN W sap Xocp am \n Xp
sNpIbpw sNpp.
Dcw: Cuiz tc Pohm m fpsS
Ias A\pkcnncnpp, adn, As
n Cuizc A]cm[nbpw A\ymbmc\p
amIpw.
tNmZyw: kpJ Zpx J hen b hpw
sNdnbhpw XpeyamWv., henbhv hen
b hn Nm cw, sNdn b hp sNdn b hn Nmcw
A{Xtb hyXymkapq. Hcp henb hym]m
cnv tImSXnbn ew cq]bpsS tIkp
m bn cp p Fp hn Nm cn p I. B
tIkns Bhiyn\v th\mev ]
n Ibdn AmSnbnqSn tImSXnbn
tep t]mIpp, Abm Ans\ t]mIp
Xp Inv Adn hn m P\ ]d
bpp: ""t\mpI, ]pWy]m]fpsS êw.
Hcp ]n kpJambn Ccnpp. ap
h sNcp p t]mepw CSmsX apI fn
\npw Xmsg\npw NqSpw klnv ]p
NpapsImp \Spp.'' Fm tImSnXn
ASpptmdpw hym]mcnp hnjahpw kwi
b fpw ]v Npa p hp ktm
jhpw hnpsav _pnammcmbhv
Adn bmw. tImS Xn bn sNs p tm
tgpw I h S m c \v , ""ho ens ASp
tem inc kv Xm Zm cpsS ASp tetm
t]mtI Xv ? Cp Rm Pbn ptam
tXmevptam Bthm'' FsmamIpw Nn
I. ]sSpphcmIs, ]pIhenv
shSn ]dv kpJambn InSpdpw. Pbn
m hym]m cnv Ipd smcp a\pJw
tXmpw. tXmm km ] k ap {Z n
Bpt]mbXpXs. Fm NpapImcm
Is, aptt]mse Xs Ccnpp. CXp
t]mse cmPm hnv kp chpw arZp hp amb
sata InSmepw thKw Ddw hcpn
. Iqen th e m Ipw apw \nd
Ippw XShpamb ev InSmepw thKw
Dd p p. C{] Imcw Fm Imcy fnepw
{KlnpsImpI.
Dcw: Am\nIfpsS hnNmcamWnXv
B hym]mcntbmSv ""\o ]p NpapImc\m
bn smq'' Fp ]d m Hcn epw
tIp I bn . Fm ]p Npp h
t\mSv \o hym]mcnbmIptm Fp tNmZnm
AXn\njvSsSpXmWv. kpJZpxJ Xpey
amsWn Ah\hs Ahsb Dt]nv
Db ht\m Xmgv ht\m BIm Bcpw
Cjv S s Sp I bn . t\mq. Hcp Pohm mhv
hnZzm\pw, ]pWymmhpw, {ioam\pamb cmPm
hns cmnbpsS K`n {]thinpp.
asmcp Poh alm Zcn {Zbpw ]pp sNn
hnevpXpamb Hcp kv{XobpsS K`n
P\npp. Hn\p K`w apXv Fm kpJ
fpw atXn\v Fm ZpxJfpw e`npp.
]ndbpSs\ Hns\ kpKPen Ipfn
npp. bpn]qhw ]pn apdnpp.
ape IpSnbpw apw thpw hw \Spp.
AXn\v ]m thtm Ihpw apw
tNv ]m CjvSw t]mse \Ipp. Ipfn
nphm `rXycpw Ifnphm Ifntmp
Ifpw kpe`w. FSppsImp \Sphm\pw
emfn p hm\pw sImm c n kuI cy
Fmapv . at Xm I s, P\n p Xp Xs
Imn. AXns\ Ipfn n p hm shhpw
IqSn Dmhn. ]mIpSnphm sImXnm
189
Inp Xv {]lcam bn cn pw. Xe X n c
mepw Bcpw Xncnpt\mpIbn., Cs
]pWy]m] sNmsX Pohmmp
kpJ Zpx J \Ip ]w Cuiz cs
t]cn A] hm Z ap m Ip w. Iq SmsX
bmsXmpw sNmsX kpJZpxJ A\p`
hnpsan acWm\cw kzK\cI
kev ]nt Bhiyhpan. Fsm
Cuizc Cu Pn kpJZpxJ Ia
fnmsX XnpXpt]mse acWtijhpw
Xs CjvS{]Imcw Hcph\p kzKhpw CX
c\v \cIhpw \Ipw. ]nsn\mWv [aw
A\p jv Tn p Xv ? Fm Pohm m fpw
A[a\ncXcmhpw,. Fsm [ns
êe_v [n kwi bm kv ] Z am W tm. AXv
Cuizcs ssIhiamWv. CjvSaphp
sImSp pw. Atm ]m]w sNp Xn
Bpw `banmXmIpw. temIn [
bhpw ]m] hr nbpw kw` hnpw, AXn
\m ]q h P n se ]pWy ]m ]
f\pkcnv ham\ Phpw ham\P
ntebpw ]qhPntebpw Iaf\pk
cnv `mhnPhpw kw`hnpp.
Poh Xpeyw
tNmZyw : a\pjytbpw arKfptSbpw
ico c nse Poh Htc C\tam AtXm
shttdtbm?
Dcw : Pohmm Htc C\w Xs,
Fm ]m] ]p Wy f \p k cnv aen \hpw
]hn{Xhpambncnpp.
hn`ntbm\nI
tNmZyw : a\pjys Poh arKmZnIfnepw
AhbpsS Poh a\pjy\nepw kv{Xo Poh
]pcp j \nepw ]pcp j Po h kv {Xo ico c
nepw hcnIbpw t]mIpIbpw sNptam?
Dcw : sNpw, ]m]w hn p Ibpw
]pWyw Ipd bp Ibpw sNp tm a\p jym
mhv arKmZn \oNtbm\nbnepw [w A[n
Ihpw ]m]w IpdhpamIptm tZhmcpsS
AXmbXv hnZzmamcpsS icocsbpw {]m]n
p p. ]pWy ]m] XpeyamIp tm
km[m cW a\p jy Pw e`n p p. AXn
Xs Da a[ya \nIrjvS icocmZn kma
{KnI e`npw. ]m]m[nIys arKicoc
fn A\p`hnsmSpnb tijw ]pWy]m]
Xpey am Ip tm hopw a\p jy i co
cs {]m]n pp. CXp t]mse A[n I ]p
Wys A\p`hntijw aykvYamb a\p
jyicocsbpw {]m]npp.
acWhpw Phpw
Poh ico c n\np t]mIp Xn s\
bmWv acWsap ]dbpXv . icochpambn
Poh kwtbmPnnpXns t]cmWv Pw.
Poh thsp Ignm bamebn
AYhm BImiamb hmbphn hknp
p. ""bat\ hmbq\m''

14
Fp thZhmIy
apXn\m ba hmbphmWv. KcpU]pcmW
nse ba \ . Cu hnj b s n ]Xn
s\mmw kap m k n hni Z ambn \ncq
]Ww sNp Xm Wv . ]noSv [a cm P
AYhm kthizc B Pohs ]m]]p
Wyf\pkcnv AXn\v Pw \Ipp.
B Poh Cuizcs t{]cWbm hmbp,
Aw, Pew FnhbneqsStbm AYhm ico
c n ep On{Z fnIqSntbm A\y i co c
n {]thinpp. ]noSv {ItaWhocy
nepw K`nepw nXn sNbvXv, icocw
[cn nv ]pdp hcp p. Hcp kv {XobpsS
icocw [cn hn [ ap Ia
sNbvXnp ]w kv{Xo icocnepw Hcp
]pcpjs icoce_v[np XIafmWp
sNbv Xn p sX n ]pcp j i co c nepw
{]th in p p. \]pw k I am bn P \n p Xv
K`m [m\ ka bp kv {Xo ]pcpjmcpsS
ico c kwtbmKm ep m Ip cPkp w
tcXkpw XpeyamIbmemWv. Pohmmhv D
aamb Iaw, D]mk\, PvRm\w Fnhbm
tamw kmZnpXphsc Cs\bp
hnhn[ P\ \ a c W fn InS p g ep p.
Fm Daamb Iafpw apw A\pjvTn
m a\pjycn DXvIrjvSamb Pw e`np
Ibpw tamn almIev] Imew hsc P\
\acW ZpxJsfmpw IqSmsX B\n
hnmhpXpamWv.
tNmZyw: apIXn Hcp Pw sImtm
14 bPqcvthZw 38.9 \v iX]Yw 14.2.2.11 se hymJym\w.
bta tbm f bw (hmbp) ]htX Fp ImWpp.
190
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
At\Iw P sImtm e`npXv?
Dcw : At\Iw P sImv.
`nZytX lrZb{KnnZyt kcvhkw
ibmx; obt Nmky IamWn Xkvan
ZrjvtS]cmhtc. (ap.D.2.2.8)
Cu Pohmmhns lrZbnse AhnZy
AYhm Am\amIp _w Apt]mIp
Ibpw kIekwibfpw \inpIbpw ]m]
Ia bnpIbpw sNptm am{Xta
Cu Poh AIpw ]pdpw Fpw hym]n
ncnp ]cammhn \nhknpIbpq.
apn, ebtam?
tNmZyw: apnbn Pohmmhv ]cam
m hn ebn p t]m Iptam AtXm thdnv
nXnsNppthm?
Dcw : thdnv nXn sN p p. Po h
ebnp t]mbm ]ns apnkpJw A\p`
hnpXmcv ? tamkm[\Isfmw \njv^
e fm hp Ibpw sNpw. AXp apn b .
Pohs {]fbamsWv a\nemWw. Poh
Cuiz cs Bm ]m e \w, kXv Ia
kwKw, tbmKm`ymkw FnhsNpIbpw
app ]d km[\Isfmw A\pjvTnp
Ibpw sNptm am{Xta tamw e`np
pq.
kXyw m\ a \w {_tbm thZ
\n ln Xw Kp lmbmw ]c ta thym a;
tkmiv \p tX khm Imam kl
{_Wm hn]ntXXn (ssX. D.{_ h. 1)
Xs _pnbnepw Bmhnepw nXnsN
p kXyhpw, m\hpw A\amb B\
kz cq ] \p amb ]c am m hns\ Adn bp
Pohmmhv khhym]nbmb B {_n
Ccpv B hn]nv AYhm A\hnZym
bpamb {_tmsSmcpanv Fm Ima
sfbpw AXmbXv B{Klnp B\sf
sbmw {]m]npp. CXmWv apn.
tNmZyw: icocanmsX euInIkpJ
A\p`hnm IgnbmXpt]mse apn
bn ico c an msX Fs\ kpJ a \p `
hnpw?
Dcw: CXn\pcw apv ]dXmWv.

15
Ipdp IqSn ]dbmw. tIpI. Pohmmhv
euInIkpJ A\p`hnpXv icocs
B{ibnmWv. AXpt]mse Cuizcs\ B{i
bnmWv Pohmmhv tamm\w A\p`hnp
Xv. tamw {]m]n Pohmmhv A\hpw
hym]Ihpamb {_n kzw hnlcnp
p.
ipm\m kIekrjvSnItfbpw
Iv, CXcapmmfpambn klhknp
p. krjvSnhnZyIsf {Ian Idnp
sImv temI tem Im c fn AXmbXv
Zriyhpw AZriyhpamb Fm temIfnepw
hnlcnpp. AXns m\n\pw AXo
X amb Fmhkv Xp tfbpw I dn bp p.
m\w F{Xb[nIcnppthm AXn\\pk
cnv B\hpw A[nIcnpp.
kzKhpw \cIhpw
apnbn Pohmmhp \nae\mIbm
]qW m \n bm hp Xpw, Adn b s Sm
kIe]ZmYfpsSbpw bYmYm\w e`n
pXpamWv Cu kpJhntijns\ kzK
sapw hnjbXrjvWbnsv A\p`hnp
ZpxJ hnti j n\v \c I sapw ]d bpp.
kzx, kpJ\maamWv. kzx kpJw KXn bkvan
k kzcv Kx AtXm hn] cotXm ZpxJ t`mKm
\cI CXn'' kmwkm cn I kpJw kmam\y
kzKhpw ]c {_ {]m ]v Xn bn \np f hm
Ip ]c am \w hnti j kzKhpw BWv .
Pohmmsfmw kpJw {]m]nm\pw ZpxJ
ZqcoIcnm\pw kz`mth\ A`nejnp
p. ]t ]m]sf XyPnpIbpw [aw
A\pjvTnpIbpw sNbvXp XpSpXphsc
Ahp kpJw InpItbm ZpxJw CmXmhp
Itbm C. Fsm ImcWw \ne\nevp
tm AXv Hcnepw \inpn. Ont
aqte hrtm \iyXn XYm ]mt]otW
ZpxJw \iyXn,
thc hrw \inpp. AXpt]mse ]m]
aInbm ZpxJhpw \inpw.
]m]]pWy KpW
]pWy]m]fpsS hnhn[ KXnItfn a\p
kvarXnbn hWnpXp t\mpI:
1. am\kw a\sskhmbap]`pwt ip`mf
15 t]Pv 374 khXzam[nImcnIav F aoamwkm kq{X
{]Imcw ]qWm\nv m\h\hv F{Xbm
Imtam A{Xbpw sImv ]qWXsbYamWv.
191
ip`w. hmNm hmNm IrXw Ia Imtbss\
hN ImbnIav.
2. icocssPx Icva tZmssjcymXn mh
cXmw \cx hmNnssI ]narKXmw am\ssk
cy PmXnXnav.
3. tbm bssZjmw KptWm tZtl kmI
tey\mXncnNytX, k XZm XZvKpW{]mb. Xw
ItcmXn icocnWav
4. kXzw m\w Xtamf m\w cmK
tZzju cPx kv arXw, GXZv hym]v Xn
atZtXjmw kcvh`qXm{inXw h]px
5. X{X bXv {]oXn kwbpw Inw NnZm
\n etbXv {]im anh ipm`w kXzw
XZp][mctbXv.
6. bp ZpxJ kambp a {]o Xn I c am
\x, X{ZtPf {]Xn]w hnZymXXw lmcn
tZln\mav.
7. bp kymtml kwbpahyw
hnjbmIav, A{]Xcvyahntbw Xa
kvXZp][mctbXv
8. {XbmWma]n ssNtXjmw KpWm\mw bx
^temZbx, At{Kym at[ym PL\ynXw
{]hymaytijXx
9.thZm`ymkkvXt]mm\w iuNan{nb
\n{Klx [cva {InbmNnm N kzmXznIw
KpWeWav.
10. Bcw`cpNnXmf ss[cyakXv Imcy]cn
{Klx, hnjtbm]tkhm NmP{kw cmPkw
KpWeWav.
11. tem`x kz ]v t\m [rXn x { Iucyw
\mkv XnIyw `n hr nXm bmNn jv WpXm
{]amZ Xmakw KpWeWav.
12. bXv Icv a IrXzm Ipcv hw Icnjyw
ssh eXn, Xtbw hnZpjm kcvhw
Xmakw KpWeWav.
13. tb\mkvan IcvaWm temtI JymXn
anXn ]pjvIemav, \N timNXy kw]u
XZzntbw Xp cmPkav.
14. bcvthtWXn mXpw b ePvP
XnNmNc, tb\ XpjyXn Nmmky XXz
KpWeWav.
15. Xatkm eWw Imtam cPk
kv Xzcv Y DNytX, kXz ky e Ww [ax
ss{ijvTytajmw btYmcav
a\p. A. 12. tm. 8,9,2533, 3538)
1. a\pjy C{]Imcw Ah\hs Dahpw
a[y ahpw \n Irjv S hp amb kz`m h sf
Adnv Dakz`mhs ssIsmpIbpw
a[ya \nIrjvSsf XyPnpIbpw sNWw.
Pohmmhv a\m sNp ip`hpw Aip`hp
amb GXp Iansbpw êw a\psIm
pw, hmp sImp sNp Xns êw
hmpsImpw icocwsImp sNpXns
êw icocw sImpw A\p`hnpp.
2. GsXmcp a\pjy icocwsImv tamj
aw, ]ckv{XoKa\w, t{ijvTsc h[npI apX
emb Zpjv Ia sNp pthm Ah\v
hrmZn mh c fpsS Phpw hmp
sImp ]m]Ia sNph\v ]nar
KmZnIfpsS Phpw a\psImv ZpjvIa
sNph\v NWvUmemZnIfpsS Phpw
Inpp.
3. Cu icocn GXp KpWw A[nIam
bnptm AXv Cu Pohmmhns\ AXn\\p
kcnXmbn Xopp.
4. Bmhn m\apfftm kXzKp
Wapspw, Am\apmIptm Xtam
KpWapspw, Bmhn\v cmKtZzjmZnIfn
Bk n bp m Ip tm cmtPm Kp W am
sWpw AdnbWw. {]IrXnbpsS Cu aqp
KpW PKnepff kIe hkvXpfnepw
hym]nncnpp.
5. Ahsb hnthNndntbXns\bmWv:
Bmhn {]kXbpw, a\n {]im
Xbpw \naeamb m\hpw DffXmbncn
ptm kXzKpWw apnp \nevpspw
ctPmKpWhpw XtamKpWhpw A{][m\fm
sWpw {KlnWw.
6. Bmhpw a\pw ZpxJ]qWhpw A{]
khpw Bbn hnjbfn NpnXncnbphm
XpSptm ctPmKpWw {][m\amsWpw
kXzKpWhpw XtamKpWhpw A{][m\fm
sWpw AdnbWw.
7. taml n AXm b Xv , kmwkm cnI
hkvXpfn Bmhpw a\pw apgpInbpg
192
kXym{]Imiw
hnZyAhnZy_\wtamw
ep tm, Bm hnepw a\nepw hnthIw
CmXmIptm, hnjbmkhpw {]XnIc
WclnXhpw Bbn m\kmZ\n\p Ign
bmsX hcptm Fn XtamKpWw {][m
\amsWpw kXzKpWw ctPmKpWw Fnh
A{][m\fmsWpw \nbamnsmff
Ww.
8. Cu aqp KpWfptSbpw Daw, a[yaw
A[aw Fo ê{]m]vXnIsfn ]qWambn
]dbmw.
9. thZfpsS Ayb\w, [am\pjvTm\w,
m\ h \ hv . ]cn ip X bv p ff C,
C{n b \n {K lw, [a hr n, B Nn \w
FnhbmWv kXzKpWns eWw.
10. ctPmKpWw _ehmIbpw kXzKpWw
XtamKpWw Fnh IpdbpIbpw sNptm
Iam cw ` n Dm lw, ss[cyan m bv a,
ZpjvIrXyfn {]hrn, hnjbkpJm\p`
hn \nccamb B{Klw Fnhsbmw
DmIpw Atm Xn ctPmKpWw {][m
\ambncnpsv AdnbWw.
11. Xtam KpWw {]_ e hpw, ap cpw
oWnXhpw BIptm ]m]fpsSsbmw
aqeamb tem`w hnpw. ISp AekX,
Ddw, ss[cycmlnXyw, {IqcX, \mkvXnIyw
th Z fnepw Cuiz c \nepw {i bn m bv a
AxIcWns hn`nhrnIGIm{K
Nnanmbva, Zpxkz`mhfn{]Xn]n apX
embh DmIpp. Chsbmw hn Xtam
KpWns eWfmsWp {KlnWw.
12. AXpt]mse Ah\hs Bmhv GsX
nepw Hcp {]hrn sNbv X Xn \p ti jtam
sNptmtgm sNphm hnNmcnptmtgm
e, `bw, i Fn h bp m bm Xtam
KpWw hnncnpsp a\knemWw.
13. GsXnepw Iaw sImv temI{]i
kv Xn t\ Sp hm B{K ln p Ibpw Zmcn{Zyw
Dsnepw kvXpXn]mTImv ]Ww \Ip
Xv \nm Xn cn p Ibpw sNp tm
Xn ctPmKpWw {]_eamsWpw Adnb
Ww.
14. a\pjys Bmhv FmbnSp\npw
Adn hp t\ Sp hm B{K ln p I bpw, kXv Ir
Xyfn e bn m Xn cn p I bpw, Bm
hns {]kXbvpXIp Iaw sNpI
bpw, AXmbXv [amNcWn am{Xw A`n
cpNn DmhpIbpw sNptm Xn kXz
KpWw {]_esav a\knemWw.
15. XtamKpWns eWw ImaamWv.
ctPmKpWns eWw [\kmZ\n
\pff A`nemjhpw, kXzKpWns eWw
[am\pjvTm\hpamWv. XtamKpWtm
ctPmKpWhpw, ctPmKpWtm kXzKp
Whpw t{ijvTamIpp.
kXzmZnKpWfpw Phpw
GtXXp KpW GtXXv KXnbntev
Pohs\ \bnpp Fv FgpXmw:
1. tZhXzw kmXznIm bmn a\pjyXzw
N cmPkmx, Xncv zw Xmakm \nXy an
tXyjm {Xnhn[m KXnx
2. mhcmx Iran IoSmaymx kcv]m
I]mx

16
, ]iharKmssizh PL
\ymXmako KXnx.
3. lkvXn\ XpcwKm ip{Zm tm
KcvlnXmx knwlmhym{Lm hcmlm a[y
am Xmako KXnx.
4. NmcWm kp]cvWm ]pcpjssh
Zmw`nImx, cmwkn N ]nimNm Xmako
jqam KXnx.
5.Xv[m am \Smssh ]pcpjmx ikv{X
hrbmx ZyqX]m\{]km PL\ymcm
Pko KXnx
6. cmPm\x {Xn bm ssh cmmw
ssNh ]ptcm lnXmx hmZ bp {][m \m
ayam cmPko KXnx.
7. Kcvhm KplyIm bm hn_p[m\p
Ncmtbx, XssYhm]vkckx kcvhm cmP
kojqamKXnx.
8. Xm]km bXtbm hn{]mtb N ssham
\nIm KWmx, \{XmWn N ssZXym
{]Yam kmXznIo KXnx.
9.bPzm\ Ejtbm tZhm thZm tPymXowjn
hcmx, ]nXmcssh km[ym ZznXobm
kmXznIo KXnx.
10. {_m hnizkrtPm [cvtam alm\hy
16 a\pkvarXnbn kcv]mx kI]x Fp ]mTw
193
tahN, Daw kmXznIotaXmw KXnam
lpcva\ojWx
11. C{nbmWmw {]kwtK\ [cvakymtk
ht\\N, ]m]m kwbmn kwkmcm\hn
Zzmwtkm \cm[amx (a\p.12.40.4250, 52)
(a\p.12.40,4250,52)
1. kmXznIcmb a\pjy tZhamcpsSbpw
hnZzmamcpsSbpw cmtPmKpWm a[yacmb
a\pjycpsSbpw, XtamKpWm A[acptSbpw
KXnsb {]m]npp.
2. AXyw XtamKpWnIfmbh hrmZn
mhc hkvXpfptSbpw Iran,IoSw, ayw,
kw, B a, ] ip, am Fn h bp tSbpw
Ps {]m]npp.
3. a[yaamb XtamKpWmv iq{Z,t,
\ny Ia sNph FnhcpsSbpw
B\, IpXn c, knw lw, ]p en, ]n Fn h bp
tSbpw Pw e`npp
4. Daamb XtamKpWmv kvXpXn]m
TIcptSbpw at\mlc]nIfptSbpw kzkp
Jn\mbn B{]iwk sNpUw`cptS
bpw, knwlIcmb cmkmcptSbpw, aZy]m
\n I Zpcm Nm cnI amen\y hmkn I,
ss]im Nn I hr n m apX em b h cp tSbpw
Psf {]m]npp.
5. A[aamb ctPmKpWmv Bcmmc
m, IpmennfIm, hnm, RmWn
t IqmSnI, Imhm, aZy] apX
emb P e`npp,A[aamb ctPmKp
WêamWnh
6. ay a amb ctPm Kp W ap h cmPm
am cp tSbpw {Xn b ]p tcm ln X m cp
sSbpw, hmZ {] Xn hm Z n hnZ Kv cp tSbpw,
ZqXamcpsSbpw, hoemcptSbpw, tk\mhn
`m K ns Ay m cp tSbpw Ps
{]m]npp.
7. Daamb ctPmKpWapffh Kh
cpsS (KmbIcpsS)bpw hmZytafmcptSbpw
bmcpsS (]WmcpsS)bpw hnZzmmcpsS
`rXycptSbpw A]vkcpIfptSbpw AXn
kucyapff kv{XoIfptSbpwPs {]m]n
pp.
8. X]kznI, bXnI, k\ymknam, thZ
]mTnI, ssham\nI, tPmXnximkv {X
m, ssZXymtZlt]mjIFnhcpsS
Pw e`npXv A[aamb kXzKpWns
êamsWv {KlnpI.
9. ayaamb kXzKpWapffh bmnI,
thZmYadnbp hnZzmm, thZw, sshZypXn,
Imew, Fnhtbnbpff hnZyI A`ykn
npffhcptSbpw cImcptSbpw m\n
IfptSbpw kmycptSbpw Imcyknnv
tkhnt Kpcp P\fpsSbpw Ps
{]m]npp.
10. Daamb kXzKpWapffhcpw Da
Ia A\p jv Tn p hcpw {_m
AYhm kh th Z th m Bbpw
"hnizkrPm' AYhm kIe krjvSnhnZyI
tfbpw {Klnv hnam\w apXemb hnhn[bm\
sf \nan p h cmbpw [man I cmbpw
henb _pnammcmbpw {]IrXntbtmepw
kzm[o\sSpnb knmcmbpw P\npp.
11. C{nbv hwihZcmbn, hnjbkp
Jmkcmbn [as XyPnv, A[aamN
cnp Adnhnmh a\pjycn \oNhpw
ZpxJabhpamb Ps {]m]npp.
Cs\ kXzcPkvXtamKpWfpsS {]hr
nbm Poh A\pjvTnp Iaf\p
kcnpff êsfs A\p`hnpp.
Nnhrn \ntcm[w
apappfmIs. KpWmXoXmcmbnv
AXmbXv KpWfpsS kz`mhn s]SmsX
alm tbmKnIfmbn, tam km[\I A\p
jvTnWw. Fsm
1. tbmKn hrn \ntcm[x
(tbm. Z. 1. 2)
2. XZm {ZjvSpx kzcqt]fhm\av. (Sn 1. 3)
]mXe tbmKZi\ kq{XfmWnh.
1. cPkv, Xakv, Fo KpWfpff Ia
fn \np am{Xa, ipamb kXzKpW
tmSpIqSnb Iafn \npt]mepw a\
ns\ \ntcm[nv kXzKpWn {]XnjvTn
v , ]c am m hnepw [am \p jv Tm \ nepw
GIm{KXtbmSpIqSn Ddnp \nn, Nn
hrnIsf kIe hnjbfn \npw a\p
jy XSpp \nWw.
2. Nnw GIm {Khpw \ncp hpw BIp
194
kXym{]Imiw BNmcm\mNmc `yw A`yw
tm Pohmmhv kh{ZjvSmhmb Cuiz
cs kzcq ] n nXnsNp p. apn
bvmbn Cn[km[\I sNpI am{Xa;
AY {Xnhn[ ZpxJmXy\nhrncXy
]pcpjmcvYx (kmwJyw 1. 1)
CXp kmwJy Zi \ nse kq{X am Wv .
B[ym nIw icoc kw_ n bmb ZpxJw)
B[n ù XnIw (A \y Po hn I fn \np m
Ip ZpxJw) B[n ssZhnIw (AXnhrjvSn,
A\mhrjvSn, ioXm[nIyw, a\nsbpw C{n
bfpsSbpw NeX Fnhbn \npf
hmIp ZpxJw) Cns\ aqp hn[nepff
ZpxJsf AInfv tamw kmZnp
IbmWv ]caamb ]pcpjmw.
CXnt\ XpSv BNm c , A\m Nm c
, `y, A`y Fo hnjb
sfn FgpXmw.
{ioabm\kckzXo kzmanI
cNn kXymY{]Iminse
hnZym AhnZym _ tam hnjbsf
{]Xn]mZnp
HXmw kapmkw Ignp.
195
kXym{]Imiw ]mw kapmkw
[am\pkrXfmb IafpsS BNc
Ww, kuioeyw, kwKw, kZznZyIsf {Kln
pXnepff A`ncpNn apXembh BNmc
fpw Chbvp hn]coXambh A\mNmc
fpamWv. C\n Chtbn {]Xn]mZnmw.
1. hnZzZv`nx tkhnXx kZv`ncv\nXyatZzj
cmKn`nx, lrZtb\m`y\pmtXm tbm [a
kvXnt_m[X
2. ImamXm \ {]ikvXm \ ssNthlm
kvXyImaXm Imtaym ln thZm[nKax Icva
tbmK sshZnIx
3. kev]aqex Imtam ssh bmk
ev]kw`hmx, {hXm\n ba [cvam kcvth
kev]Pmx kvarXmx.
4. AImaky {Inbm ImNnZv ZriytX t\l
IcvlnNnXv, bZynIpcptX InwNnXv X
XvImaky tNjvSnXav.
5. thtZmfJntem [cvaaqew kvarXniote
N XZznZmav, BNmcssh km[q\mam\
kvXpjvSntchN
6. kcvhpkathtyZw \nJnew m\
N pjm, {ipXn {]m am WytXm hnZzm
kz[cvta \nhntiXssh
7. {ipXnkvarXypZnXw [cvaa\pXnjvT ln
am\hx, Cl Ionahm]vt\mXn t{]XyNm
\paw kpJav
8. {ipXnkv Xp thtZm hn ttbm [cv a
imkv{Xw XpsshkvarXnx, tXkcvhmcvtYjz
aoamwtky Xm`ymw [cvtamln\ncv_ù.
9. tbmfhat\yX tX apte tlXpimkv{Xm
{ibmZv ZznPx, k km[p`ncv_lnjvImtcym
\mkvXntIm thZ\nIx
10. thZx kvarXnx kZmNmcx kzkyN {]nb
am \x, GX Xphn[w {]mlpx kmm
cvaky eWav.
11. AcvYImtajzkm\mw[am\w
hn[obtX, [cva Pnmkam\m\mw {]amWw
]caw {ipXnx
12. sshZnssIx Icva`nx ]qssWycv \ntj
ImZn ZznP\mav. Imcyw icockwkvImcx
]mh\ t{]XytNlN.x
13. tIimxtjmU ti htj {_m
Wky hn[obtX, cmP\y_tmcvZzmhnwti
sshiykyZvhy[ntIXXx
(a\p 2 1 4, 6 8, 10, 11 13, 26, 65)

1
1. cmKtZzjfnm hnZz\ GXn
10
]mw kapmkw
kXym{]Imiw
BNmcm\mNmc, `ym`yw
AY BNmcm\mNmc, `ym`y hnjbw {]hymax
C\n BNmc, A\mNmc, `yw, A`yw Fo
hnjbsfn hymJym\nmw
1. CXnse 8mw tmIw aqe{Kn hnpt]mbn. KZy
n AYapXn\m ChnsS tNXmWv.
196
s\ bmtWm \nXyhpw tkh\w sNp Xv ,
lrZbw AYhm Bmhv bYmY Ihy
ambn AdnbptXtXm, AXns\bmWv [a
ambn KWntXpw BNcntXpw. Cm
cyn a\pjy kZm {ihbvWw.
2. Cu temIn AXyamb Imahpw
\njvImahpw t{ijvTa. Fsm, thZmY
m\{]m]vXnbpw thZhnlnXfmb Ia
fpsS A\pjvTm\hpw ImamemWv (Cbm
emWv) \SpXv.
3. ""Rm Cm c ln X \pw, Ima c ln X\pw
BsWtm BIWsatm Bcp]dmepw
AXp kXytabmhn. Fm Imafpw, b
kXy`mjWw XpSnb {hXfpw, baw
\nbaw apX emb [a fpw kev n
\nmWv DmIpXv.
4. Fsm, ssIImepI, IpI,
a\v apXembhbpsS Ne\{InbIfpw C
sImmWv \SpXv. Cbnsn IS
bvphm\pw Xpdphm\pw IgnbpX.
5. AXn\m, kq thZ, a\pkvar
Xn, Ejn{]WoXfmb imkv{X, k
\ fpsS BNmcw Fn h bv \p Iq ehpw
Bmhn\p {]kXbpfhmpXpw, `bw,
i,e Fn hbv p Imc W am Im Xpw
Bb Ia A\pjvTnpXmWv DNnXw.
Iw ]dbmt\m tamjvSnphmt\m Hcph\v
tXmnbm Hw, `bw, i, e Fnhbpw
Xobmbpw Ahs Dn DmIpp. AXn
\m Acw {]hn I sNp hm
sImpIbn.
6. Fm imkv{Xtfbpw, thZtfbpw,
k \ fpsS BNm c tf bpw, kzw
Bmhns B\pIqeytbpw ]n \mbn
Nnnv m\psImv Idnv thZm
\pIqehpw kzmm\pIqehpw Bb [an
{]thinWw.
7. Fsm, thZhnlnXhpw, thZhncp
hpam kvarXnIfn ]dnpffhbp
amb [af\pjvTnp a\pjy Cltem
I n Ion tbbp w ac Wm \ cw
DXvIrjvS kuJytbpw {]m]npp.
8. thZ sf {ipXn Fpw [a im kv {X
sf kv arXn Fpw ]d bp p. Ch bn
\nmWv IhymI hy sf sbmw
\nbntXv.
9. thZtfbpw thZm\pIqeamb B]vX
{K tfbpw A] am \n p a\p jys\
k \ kaq l {` jv S \m Ww, Fs
m, thZ\nI\mWv \mkvXnI.
10. AXn\m thZ, kvarXnI, k
\ fpsS BNm cw, kzw Bm hns
m\ n\p hncp a m {]hrn Ch
\mepw [ans eWfmWv. AYhm
ChbmWv [antepff hgnImnI.
11. Fm [\tem`w, hnjbkpJm`nemjw
Fn hbv v ASn a s Sm bm fn\p am{Xta
[a sa s m\w Dm hp I bp q.
[as Adnbphm B{Klnphv ]c
aamb {]amWw thZw XsbmWv.
12. AXn\m, {_mW{Xnbsshiy
m kzk m \ v thZ hn ln X amb
]pWyIafm \ntjImZn

2
kwkvmc
sNWw. CuPnepw ]cPnepw
Ah ]hn{XampXmWv.
13. {_mW\p ]Xn\mdmas hbnepw,
{Xn b\p Ccp ] n c m as hb nepw
tIimIawuchpw apWvU\hpw\S
Ww. Cu {Inb Ignm ]noSp inJ am{Xw
\nn _mn XeapSnbpw XmSnbpw aoibpw
Fmbvtmgpw ucw sNbvXv IfbWw. Hcn
epw hfcpXv, Fw. XWpv A[n
Iapff cmPyfn apSn hfmhpXmWv.
AXypjvWapff cmPyfn apSn apgph\pw,
IpSptbmSpIqSn, tOZnp IfbWw. incn
apSn Dmbncpm DjvWw hnpw. AXp
\n anw _pn in Ipd bpw. XmSnbpw
aoibpw

3
hfnbm \mbn `W]m
\ob Ignphm km[npIbn. Fn
tcma n S bn Xn \n p Ibpw
sNpw.
1 C{nbmWmw hnNcXmw hnjtbjz]lm
cnjp, kwbta bXv\amXnjvtTZznZzm bt
hhmPn\mav.
2 CnbmWmw {]kwtK\ tZmjarXykw
2. tjmUi kwkvmc
3. NcIkwlnX8.19 A\pkcnv Hcp ]n aqp
XhW tIiaoiI ucw sNWw.
197
ibav, knbay Xp Xmt\yh XXx knnw
\nbXn.
3 \ PmXp Imax Imam \m ap ] t`m tK\
imayXn, lhnjm Irjv W hcv th `qb
Ghm`nhcv[tX.
4 thZmkvXymK bm \nbam
X]mwkn N \ hn{] Zp jv S `m hky knnw
Kn IcvlnNnXv.
5 hti IrtXz{nb{Kmaw kwbayN a\
kvXYm, kcvhm kwkm[tbZcvYm\n
Wz tbmK XkvX\pav.
6 {ipXzm kv]rjvSzmN ZrjvSzmN `pzm
{LmXzm N tbm \cx, \ lrjyXn KvfmbXn
hm k hnttbm PntX{nbx.
7 \m]rjvSx IkyNnZv {_qbm Nm\ym
tb\ ]rXx Pm\]n ln ta[mho, PUh
tmI BNtcXv.
8 hnw _pcvhbx Icva hnZym `hXn
]ao, GXm\n am\y m \m\n Kcotbm
bZyZpcv.
9 Atm `hXn ssh _mex ]nXm `hXn
a{Zx, Aw ln _meanXymlpx ]ntX
tXyh Xp a{Zav.
10 \ lmbss\cv\ ]enssXcv\ hnt\
\ _p`nx Ej b {In tc [aw tbm\q
Nm\x k t\m alm.
11 hn{]mWmw m\tXm ssPyjv Tyw
{Xn bmWmw Xp hocyXx sshiym\mw
[m\y[\Xx iq{ZmWmtah PXx.
12 \ tX\ hrtm `hXn tb\mky ]enXw
incx tbm ssh bphm]y[obm\kvXw tZhmx
hncw hnZpx.
13 bYmImjvTatbm lkvXo bYm Ncva
atbm arKx bhnt{]mf\[obm\{kbkvtX
\ma _n{`qXn.
14 Alnw k ssbh `qXm\mw Imcyw
t{itbm f\p im k \av , hmIv ssNh a[p cm
ivfvWm {]tbmPym[cvaanXm.

4
1. a\ns\ tamlnnv BIjnv hnjb
fntep Nns t{]cnnp C{nb
sf AS p hm {]b Xv \n p Xv , a\p
jys apJyamb IhyamIpp. tXcmfn
IpXn c Isf ISn m sImv \nb {nv
t\hgnv \SpXpt]mse a\pjy C{n
bsf \nb{nv A[an \nv AIn
[aamKn {]hnnWw.
2. Fsm, C{nbsf hnjbmk
fmn A[an {]hnnm, a\p
jy \nbambpw tZmjs {]m]npp.
Ahsb Pbnv [a amK n em p tm
AòjvSw knnpp.
3. Anbn C\hpw s\pw hogvn
bm An \nbambpw hnpw. AXp
t]mse ImafpsS D]t`mKm Hcnepw
Imaw ianpIbn. hnpItb Dffq. AXn
\m a\pjy Hcnepw hnjbmk\mI
cpXv.
4. APn tX {n b \mb ]pcp js\ "hn{]
ZpjvS's\p ]dbpp. Ahs thZm\
hpw, XymK hpw, A\pjv Tn p b
[a Ia Fnhbpw kêamhpIbn.
[manI\pw PntX{nb\pamsWnte Ch ê
{]ZamIq.
5. AXn\m Ap Ita{nbtfbpw
Ap mt\{nbtfbpw ]Xns\mma
tXmb a\nt\bpw kzbw hisSpn
tbmKy fmb Blm c hn lm c tbmKm
`ymkw Fn h bm ico cs cn v
khmYknnhcpWw.
6. kvXpXn\nI tIptm ktm
jhpw km ] hpw, \Xp kv ]in m
kpJhpw, Zpjv S kv ]im ZpxJ hpw,
kucyw ImWptm {]kmZhpw sshcq]yw
ImWptm hnjmZhpw \Xpw Nobpamb
Blmcw `n p tm kpJm kp J fpw,
kpK n A`n cp Nnbpw ZpK n
Acp Nnbpw Dm Im bm fns\ PntX {n b
s\p ]dbpp.
7. tNmZn m h t\m Spw, A\ym b ambn
tNmZnpht\mSpw adp]Sn ]dbcpXv. _pn
am, AhcpsS ap]n PUkam\w s]cpam
d Ww. I] S an m hpw Pn m kp
pw tNmZnmsXXs, D]tZiw \evI
Ww.
4. a\pkvarXn A[ymbw 2. tmI 88, 93, 94, 97, 98,
100, 110, 136, 153157, 159
198
8. [\w, _pP\, hbkv, t{ijvTamb
Iaw, Daamb hnZy Ch Apw am\yX
bpsS m\fmIpp. Fm Chbn [\
t m Daw _\v [p hpw, _p hn t\
m hbpw, hbnt\m kXvIahpw,
Iatm ]hn{Xamb hnZybpffbmfpw
Hns\mv A[nIw _lpam\s Alnp
p.
9. \qdp hbpmbmepw hnZym`ymktam
hn m\tam Cm h "_me'\mWv .
Fm hnZybpw hnm \hpw \ev Ip
_mes\ hr\mbn KWnWw. Fsm,
kIe imkv {X fpw B]v X m cmb hnZzm
mcp w Am \n sb " _me' s\p w,
m\nsb "]nXm'shpw ]dbpp.
10. hbmbXpsImtm, apSn \cpshfp
Xp sIm tm, henb [\ hm \m b Xp sIm
tm, Db Xdhmn P\nXpsImtm
Hcp h alm \m Ip n . ]Tn p sImpw
m\w sImpw \psS CSbn henbh
\mtcm Ah \t{X alm ]p cp j FmWp
almmfmb aljnamcpsS \nbw.
11. {_mW m\w sImpw, {Xn
b _ew sImpw, sshiy [\[m\y
tf sm pw, iq{Z ZoLm bp p sImpw
hmIys {]m]nbvpp.
12. XeapSn shfpXpsImp am{Xw Hcp
h hr \m Ip n . sNdp m c \m bmepw
Adnhpffbmfns\bmWv hnZzmm hrscp
]dbpXv.
13. hnZym `ymkw sNbv Xn n m h acw
sImpmnb B\sbtmsebpw tXmep
sIm p m nb am\n s\ tm sebpw Cu
temIn a\pjy\msWp \maam{Xambn
]dbsSpp.
14. AXn\m hnZym`ymkw sNbvXv, hnZzm\pw
[am m hp ambn tZzjw IqSmsX kIe
PohnIpw kmKw D] tZ in Ww.
Ans\ D]tZiw \Iptm arZphpw a[q
chpamb `mj {]tbmKnWw. kXyw D]tZ
inv [as hnnpIbpw A[as
\innpIbpw sNph [\yct{X.
Znhkhpw IpfnpIbpw hkv{Xw, hmk
ew, A ]m \o b Fn h sbmw ipNn
bmbn kqnpIbpw thWw. hrnbmbncp
m Nnipn, BtcmKyw Fnh Dm
hpIbpw As\ ]pcpjmYw hnpIbpw
sNpw. ZpKw Xopw amdpXp hsc
bmWv iuNw sNtXv.
BNmcx { ]Ytam [cv ax { ipXypx
kvamcv GhN. (a\p. 1. 108.)
kXyw ]dbpI XpSnb IafpsS A\p
jvTm\amWv thZnepw kvarXnbnepw hn[nn
pff "BNmcw'.
am t\m h[ox ]nXcw tamX amXcav (bPq
16.15)
BNmcyD]\bamt\m {_NmcnW
antX. (AYhw 11.15)
amXr tZthm `h; ]n Xr tZthm `h;
BNmcytZthm `h; AXnYn tZthm `h.
ssXcobmcWyIw. {]. 7. A\p. 11)
amXm ]n Xm m, BNmcy, AXnYn
FnhcpsS Bcm[\bmWv tZh]qP. temI
n\p]ImcapmIp {]hrnI Fmw
sNWw. lm\nIcambh XyPnWw. CXmWv
a\pjy apJyambn sNtXv. \mkvXnIcpw,
eScpw, hnizmkLmXIcpw, anYymhmZnIfpw,
kzmYnIfpw, I]Scpw, NXnbcpw Bb ZpjvS
P \ tfmSv Hcn epw kwkw sN cp Xv .
B]vXcmb kXyhmZnIfpw [Xevccpw,
]tcm]ImtcpfpambhtcmSv klhknp
Xnt\bmWv t{ijvTmNmcsap ]dbpXv.
tNmZyw: Bcym hcv hm kn I Bcy
h n\p ]pd ta bp tZi fn tep
t]mbm AXp sImv Ah cpsS BNmcw
\inptam Ctbm?
Dcw: \in p I bn . Fs m,
_mly ambpw B`y c am bp ap ]cn ipn
t\SpI, kXyw ]dbpI Chsbmw FhnsSbm
bmepw BNmcw XsbmWv. Chsb A\pjvTn
pbm BNmcn \ntm [an
\ntm {`jvS\mhpIbn. ]Icw Bcymh
n Xs hkn bpw Zpcm Nm c
{]hnpIbpw sNbvXm Ah [a{`
jvS\pw BNmc{`jvS\pambnocpp.
tZimc bm{Xbvp sXfnhpI
199
A s\ sb n t\mpI: tatcmcv l
tc tZz hcvtj hcvjw sslahXw XXx
{ItassWh hyXn{Iay `mcXw hcvjamkZ
Xv. k tZim hnhn[m ]iyo\lqW
\ntjhnXm.

5
alm`mcXw, imn]hw,
tam[n, hymkipIkwhmZnte
XmWv Cu tmI. Hcn hymk Xs
]p{X\mb ipIt\mSpw injymtcmSpw IqSn
Cmev Atacn Fp ]dbp ]mXmf
n ]mncpp. Hcp Znhkw ipI ]nXm
hnt\mSv ""BhnZy C{Xam{XamtWm? AtXm
CXne[nIw hXpw Dtm?'' Fp tNmZnp.
hymkaljn AdnpsImv anmXncpp.
Atlw t\ct Xs B hnjbw D]tZ
inp Ign Xm Wv . asm cm fns kmy
n\p am{Xambn Atlw C{]Imcw ]dp:
""aIt\ \o anYnem]pcnbn sNp P\Ialm
cm Pm hn t\mSp Cu tNmZyw tNmZn p I.
Atlw bYm tbmKyw Dcw ]d bpw. ''
As hmp tIv, {ioipI ]mXmfn
\np anYnem]pcnbntep ]pdsp ]pcmX
\Imep tacphns AXmbXp lnameb
ns hSpIngv, hSv, hSp]Snmdv
Fo ZnpIfnep tZip lcnhjw
Fp ]dncpp. lcnv hm\c FYw.
B \mSpIfnep a\pjy Ctmgpw Ipc
mtctmse capJcpw shfp Ip
hcpamWv. Ctm bqtdmv Fp ]dbp B
tZip kwkvIrX`mjbn lcnhjw
Fp ]dpt]mp. B {]tZifpw blqZn
Fp ]dbp lqWtZitfbpw kinp
sImv No\ tZ i n hs n. AhnsS
\nv lnam e b n tepw lnam e b n
\np anYnem]pcnbntepw t]mbn. CXn\pw
]pdta {ioIr jv W\pw APp \\pw ""Aiz
Xcn''bn AYhm Xoen Ibdn ]mXmf
n sNv DmeIaljnsb bp[njvTnc
almcmPmhns bmKn\mbn Iqnsmp
hp. [rX cm jv {S hnhmlw sNbv XXp
Im Fp Ctm ]dbp KmmctZi
nse cmP Ip am cntb bm bn cp p. ]mWv Up
almcmPmhns ]Xv\nbmb am{Zn Cdm cmPm
hns ]p{Xnbmbncpp. Ap\ hnhmlw
sNbvXXv Atacn F ]mXmfnse cmP
Ipamcnbmb Deq]nsb Bbncpp. tZimc
Zzo]mc bm{XI ]ph sNbvXncp
nsn CsXmw kw`hnpsXs\?
ISen kcnp IepIp Icw Npa
pXns\n a\pkvarXnbn

6
FgpXnbn
pXpw Bcymhn \nv A\yZzo]p
Ifntep P\ kcnncppshXn\v
\smcp sXfnhmWv. IqSmsX, bp[njvTnc alm
cm Pmhp \S nb cmP kq b bm K n tev
`qtem I n ep kIe cmPm m scbpw
Wn p hm òa, APp \, \Ip e,
kl tZ h Fn h \mep Znp I fn tep
t]mbn. \njnambncpsn Ah t]mhp
Ibnmbncpp. BcymhhmknI Ih
Sn\pw, cmPyImcypthnbpw, tZi
kmcn\pw `qanbnsepw bm{X sNp
]Xnhpmbncpp.
Cmes Abnhpw Xoepw ipw
amdpXnep `bhpw aqVmcpsS h\bpw
Am\hpw hnXn\m DmbnpXm
Wv. tZimcZzo]mc bm{XsNp a\p
jy hnhn[ P\ fpsS kwkK n eq sS,
AhcpsS coXnIfpw k{Zmbfpw Ip]
Tnv Ahsb XfpsS cmPyn ]In
\n`bmcpw iqcmcpw Bbnocpp. Zpcm
Nm c sf Zqsc XyPn v kZm Nm c sf
]In sFizcys {]m]npp. alm{`
jv S Ifpw t Ip e Pm X I fp amb thiy I fp
sSbpw apw kamKaw sImv a\pjy BNm
c {`jv Smtcm [a {` jv S mtcm BIp n
spw tZimcfnep k\tfmSp
kl h kn m Aip nbpw tZmjhpw hcp
sapw Icp Xp Xv aqV X bs n ]ns
mWv? aZy]m\w, amwk`Ww Fnhbp
a\p jy cpsS ico chpw hocym Zn [m Xp fpw
ZpKw sImpw apw Zpjnpt]mIpXp
sImv Ah tcm Sp IqSn kwkKw sNp
Bcymv Cu ZpcmNmc DmImXncn
WsaXv icnXs. Fm AhtcmSp
IqSn kwkKw sNp Xnepw KpW sf
{KlnpXnepw tZmjhpw ]m]hpw C. Ch
cpsS aZy ]m \mZn tZmj sf XyPnv KpW
sf kzoI cn p Xn XI cm sdm p an .
5. alm`mcXw imn]hw: 325, 1415
6. a\p.8 406
t]Pv ...... se 3mw tmIw. AYw t]Pv.......)
200
Ahsc sXmSpItbm ImWpItbm sNpXp
t]mepw ]m]amsWv Am\nI hnNm
cnpp. Fn AhtcmSv t]mcmSm\pw km[n
pIbn. bpn kv]i\hpw Zi\hpw
IqSntb Ign bq. cmK tZz j A\ymbw
Iw ]dbpI apXemb tZmjsf XyPnv,
sshc`mhw amn, kvt\lw ]tcm]Imcw k
\ioew apXembh kzoIcnpXmWv D
aamb BNmcw. Bmhv, {]hrn Fnh
tbmSp _sXmWv [asav AdbWw.
\Xp sNp h cmWv \msa n hntZ i
ttm Zzo]m c fn tetm t]mIp
Xn Hcp tZmjhpw C. ]m]w sNbvXmte
tZmj ap m Iq. AXym hiyambXv CXmWv :
thtZmamb [an \nbw thWw.
]mjWv UmcpsS sNbv XnIsf JWv Unm
]TnWw. Atm icnbm \nb
sfSpm CShcnIbn. hntZifntem Zzo]m
cfntem sNv `cWtam hym]mctam \S
msX kztZin\v Ftmsgnepw ]ptcm
KXnbpmIpsamtWm? Hcp \mneph
AhnsSs PohnpIbpw hntZinI hv
hyh km btam \mSp hm gv Ntbm \S p Ibpw
sNbvXm Zmcn{Zyhpw ZpxJhpamsX asmpw
Dm hp I bn . P\ sf ]Tn p h cm p
hm\pw hntZifn t]mIphm\pw A\phZn
m, Ah _pnammcmbn XfpsS he
bn hogmsX t]mIpIbpw As\ XfpsS
D]Poh\amhpw m\am\fpw \jvSs
Spsapw IpSnecmb Cu ZpjvSmdnbmw.
XnanamWv Ah `Whkv{XmZnIfn
ISpw]nSnmcmbn, A\ytZibm{XIsf apS
p Xv . Fm Adn bmsX t]mepw Hcn
epw aZyamwk D]tbmKnpIqSm.
bpkabpw ssk\nI \new sagpIn
DuWp hv Ign p Xv ]cm P b tl Xp hm Ip
sav _pnammscmw \nWbnnpXmW
tm?

7
B\ p d tm, IpXn c p d tm,
tXcntem \ntm \nep\ntm bpw sNp
tm Hcp ssIsImv XnpIbpw IpSnp
Ibpw sNbv Xv at ssIsImp i{Xp h[w
\Sn hnPbw t\SpXpXsbmWp {Xn
bmv DNnXamb BNmcw. ]cmPnXcmIp
Xv A\m Nm camWv . ISp aq VX
\nanamWv Cu a\pjy \new sagpInbpw
XnXnbpw Xnpw kzmX{yw kpJw
kv, cmPyw, hnZy ]pcpj{]bXv\w Fn
hbnsemw NmWIw Ientv, Bcm\pw
sImphp Xm hpmsap sImXnv
ssIbpw sIn ImncnpXv. C{]Imcap
{]hrnsImv Ch BcymhtZiw apgp
h\pw NmWIw sagpIn apSnp tXpIpfnsv
a\ n em Ww. Dp nSw hrn bm p I,
ASnpI, XfnpI, tXpIgpIpI Fnh
sbmw sNtXpXsbmWv. apkamam
scbpw {InkvXym\nIsfbpw t]mse ASpf
hrnbnmXmcpXv.
tNmZyw: ip hp w alm ip hp w
FmWv?
Dcw: shntem atm thhnpm
p tNmdv ipw. s\ntem ]mentem thhn
sSppXv almipw. CXpw Cu IpSnehr
n I fpsS Am Nm c am Wv . s\pw ]mepw
IqSpXepXv Xnm kzmZpXpw DZcn\v
A[nIw kv\nKvXbpmpXpamWtm?
ImcWw Acw `W]Zmw A[nIw
Xnm Inm \p kq{X am Wv ., hmkv X h
n Anbntem ]gwsImtm ]mIs
SpnbsXmw ]IzamIpp, Ahbn GsX
nepw HpsImv ]mIsSmXv A]Izam
Wv . ]Izw `yhpw A]Izw A` y hp am
sW \nbaw FmbnSpw icnb. Fs
m ]Sebpw apw Xnmdptm.
tNmZyw: ZznP m {_m W {Xnb
sshiym kzbw ]mIw sNbvXp `n
W tam, iq{Z ]mI s Sp n bXp `n
tWm?
Dcw: iq{Z ]mIw sNbvXXv `n
Ww. Fs m, {_m W, {Xn b,
sshiy Fo hWfnep kv{Xo]pcp
jm Aym]\w, cmPy]cn]me\w, ]ip]m
e\w, Irjn, IhSw apXemb tPmenIfn
Gs n cn Ww. Fm iq{Zs ]m{X
nepw Ahs honepw ]mIw sNbv X
`Ww B]m e n e msX asm cn
epw `ncpXv. CXns {]amWw tIp
7. aqmw ]m\nv bpn admnIfpw, PmpIfpw,
cP]p{Xcpw shtsd ASpfbpmnbXmWv Ah
cpsS ]cmPb ImcWsav Ncn{Xw.
201
sImI Bcym [n jv Tn Xm hm iq { Zmx
kwkvIcvmcx kypx

7
CXv B]kvXw_s kq{XamIpp. t{ijvT
mcpsS Krlfn iq{ZAXmbXv hnZym
hnlo\cmb kv{Xo]pcpjm shp]Wn apX
emb tkh\ sNtXmWv . Fm
AhcpsS icochpw hkv{Xhpw hrnbmbncn
Ww. t{ijvTmcpsS hoSpIfn ]mNIw \S
ptm hkv{XwsImv hmb aqSn ]mNIw
sNt Xm Wv . Ah cpsS hmbn anpw
aqn \npw \nKanp DnjvStam \nizm
ktam `Wn ]nqSm. BgvNbnsem
cn Ah \Jw shWw. uchpw sN
Ww. B Znhkw Ipfnnt ]mIw sNmhq.
t{ijv T mv `Ww \Inb tijta
Ah `nmhq.
tNmZyw: iq{Z sXm ]mIw sNbv X
`Ww IgnpXn tZmjw ImWptm
Ah ]mIw sNbvXXv Fs\ Dpw?
Dcw: CXv It]me Iev]nXhpw Ihp
amWv. Fsm ic, ]kmc, s\v,
]m Acnamhv kky, IngpI Fnh
`nnph temIsamSpaphcpmn
bXpw DnjvShpw `nncnpsp IcpX
Ww. Fsm iq{Z, ]db, tXmnI,
apkam m, {Inkv Xym \n I apX em b h
hb ep I fn \np Icnp shn sXmen
Ifv Bn \oscSppp. Atm Ah
aeaq{Xhnk\w sNbvXnp ssIIgpImsX
Ah ssIImcyw sNpp. Hcp IcnsSpv
ISnv ]IpXn \ocv IpSnpp. _mn AXn
Xs CSp p. Icn p \o Xnf n p tm
Nmn AXnenp ]mIw sNbvXp `np
p. ]kmc Dmptm, aeaq{Xfpw
apw, NmWIhpw apw ]nnSnnp ]gb
sNcnpsImmWp sRcpSpXv. ]men Iqn
tp shw AhcpsS honse Fn
]m{X fn ep Xm bn cn pw. s\pw apw
kqnpXpw Acw ]m{Xfn Bbn
cn pw. Acn amhp s]mSn p ka bpw
Fn ssIsImp Xsbmhmw B Acnamhv
FSp p Xv . Fp am {X a hnbp Xp n
Ifpw IqSn B Acnamhn hogpp. ImbvI\n
I, IngpI, FnhbpsS Imcynepw
Ccw XamiI ImWmw. Chsbms `n
npsn Fmhscbpw sXmpXnsv
IcpXnsmWw.
tNmZyw: êw, aqew, Iw, ckw apXem
b

9
AZrjvShkvXpfpsS Imcyn Cu
tZmjan.
Dcw: sImmw. sImmw! Asn
apw Nmchpw hmcn n ptam? i cbpw
]kmcbpw a[pcamWv. ]mepw s\pw tZl
n\p ]pjvSnbpmpp. Atm ]ns
AZr jv S tZmjw Dm bm kzmY ]qn
Dm hn . ImWm Xn tZmj an sp
hcp ]w tXmnI, apo Fnh
thsdm cn Sp hp m n m \n
AXp Xnptam Ctbm? XnpIbnsn
AZr jv S nepw tZmj ap sp hcp p.
amwkmlmcnIfpw aZy]m\nIfpamb apkam
m, {InkvXym\nI apXembh shpm
n bXv t{ ijv T mcv `n p ]w
Ahpw aZy amw km Zn I `n Xp sIm
p tZmjw ]noSv Dmtbmw. Fm
t{ijvTm Xn klt`mP\w \Sp
Xn bmsXmcp tZmjhpan.
Htc A`n{]mbw, Htc em`\jvS, kpJ
Zpx J fn ep kmayw Fnh ]c kv ]cw
Dm Im Xn cn p Xp hsc A`yp Z b ap m Ip
Xv hfsc hnjaamWv. an{it`mP\w sImp
am{Xw ]cn jv Imcw Dm hp I bn . Zpcm Nm c
XyPnv kZmNmc kzoIcnpXp
hsc ]ptcmKXnp]Icw At[mKXnbmWpm
hpI.
hntZim[n]XyImcWw
Bcymhn hntZiobcpsS hmgvNbp
mhm\p ImcWw Cu \mpImcpsS At\ym
\ykv], A`n{]mb`nX, {_Ncyanm
bva, ]T\]mTfnmbva, \n_nX ssii
hhnhmlw, hnjbmkn, Icw, thZhn
Zy bpsS tem]w CXymZn Zpjv I fm Wv .
ktlmZc Xn Ielnptm aqm
a\mb hntZin a[y\mbn Nabpp. Am
bncw sImp app \S alm`mcXI
Ybpw \n hnkvacnpthm? t\mq! `mcX
8. B]kvXw_ [akq{Xw 2.2.2.4
9. DmbsXhnsSsb kv]jvSamXmWv AZrjvSw.
202
bpn kIecpw t]mfn khmcn
I fn en cp t{X `n n cp Xv . At\ym \y
kv ] sIm mWv ]mWv U h m cp sSbpw
Iuc h m cp sSbpw bmZ h m cp sSbpw Dq e
\miw kw`hnXv. Av AXp kw`hnXp
t]mIs B tcmKw CXphscbpw t`Zambnn
. Cu `bc cmk Ftm hnpt]m
Ipsadnhn. Hcp ]t t{ijvTcmb Fm
h scbpw kpJ fn \n In ZpxJ km K c
n apnsmtmw! Ipew apSn, cmPyw
\inn \oN\mb Zptcym[\s ZpjvSamK
neqsS Cpw kcnpXmWv \psS
ZpxJh\hn\p ImcWw. Cu cmPtcmKw \ap
n S bn \nv Ap t]m Ip hm Cuiz c
klmbns.
cpXcw `ym`y
[aimkv{Xn ]dnpXv, sshZy
imkv{Xn {]Xn]mZnnpXv Fns\
`ym`yhn[n cpv.
A` ymWn ZznPm Xo \m a ta [y {] ` hm
WnN. (a\p. 5,5)
ZznP mcpw AXm bXv {_mW {Xnb
sshiymcpw iq{Zmcpw aen\amb AYhm
aeaq{XmZnIfpsS kwkKw sImv Dmbn
p kky Imbv, IngpI apXembh
`ncpXv.
hPtb[pamwkw N (a\p. 2. 177)
hnhn[Xcw aZy, Imhv, Idpv apX
embhbpw AXmbXv
""_pnw ep Xn b Zv {Zhyw aZ Imcn XZp
NytX''

10
_pnsb \innphsbmpw Hcnepw
`ncpXv. NoXpw, ZpjnXpw, ZpK
apXpw, icnbmbn ]mIw sNmXpw, ico
n aZy amw km Zn I fpsS ]c am Wp
\nd tamb aZym]m\nIfpw, amwkmlm
cnIfpw ]mIw sNbvX Blmcw `ncpXv.
a\pjyv D]Imcap ]iphns\bpw apw
sImpmp `Whpw hPyamWv. Hcp
]iphn \npmIp ]m, s\v AXns
kXnI Fnh H Xeapdbn \mepe
n Fgp ] m bn cn Adp \qdp a\p
jyp {]tbmP\w sNpp. AXn\m ]ip
sf sImpItbm sImnpItbm sNcp
Xv.
Hcp ]iphn\v Ccp]Xp tkdp

11
asmn\v
cp tkdpw ]m Znhkw tXmdpw Inpp.
Atm Hmtcm ]iphpw icmicn ]Xns\mp
tk ]m \Ip p. Nne ]ip ]Xn
s\p amk tm fhpw thsd Nne ]ip
Bdpamkhpw ]m \Ipp. Atm Hmtcm
]iphnsbpw Idhmew icmicn ]{p
amkambn. As\ Hcp ]iphns Idhm
en Inp ]msImv 24960 (Ccp]n
\membncn sXmmbncn Adp]Xv) a\p
jyv Hcp {]mhiyw Xr]vXnbSbmw. AXn\v
Bdp ]ip p n Ifpw Bdv Imf n Sm fpw
DmIpp. Ahbn \nv csw Np
t]mbmepw ]sw _mnbpmhpw. Ah
bn Ap ]ippnIfpsS ]q PohImew
sImp Inp ]msemw IqSn 124800 (Hcpe
n Ccp]n\membncn Fqdv) a\p
jysc kwXr]vXcmphm aXnbmIpw. C\n
Ap ImfpnI _mnbpv. Ahbntem
tcmpw PohnXImew apgph\pap {]bXv\w
sImv Gsd psd 5000 (A m bn cw) av
[m\yw DXv]mZnnpp. B [m\yn \nv
Hmtcm a\pjy\pw apm tk `nmepw
cp ew t]v Hcp t\c t mbn
[m\yhpw ]mepw IqSntm 374800 (aqp
e n Fgp ] n \m em bn cn Fq dp)
t] kwXr ]v X cm Ipw. BsI 475600 (\mep
en Fgp]mbncn Adp\qdv) a\p
jysc Hcp ]ip Htc Hcp Xeapdbn Pohn
XImen Hcp {]mhiyw Xr]vXnsSpp
p. Cs\ At\Iw XeapdI tNcptm
AkwJyw P\ v Hcp ]ip hn s\ sm
pXs {]tbmP\w Inpp. CXn\pw ]pdta
hn henpI, `mcw NpapI, apXemb Imcy
fnepw a\pjyp hfsc D]Icnph
bmWv ImfI. AXpt]mse XsbmWv Id
hbp ]ipfpw. ImfIsftmse t]mp
Ifpw D] tbm K ap h bm Wv . Fm ]ip
hns ]mepw s\pw t]mse Fcp a bpsS
]mepw s\pw _pnhIf. Bcym
]iphns\ IpImenIfn shp {][m\ambn
10. imMvK[c kwlnX 4.21 11. GItZiw Hcp Intem{Kmw
203
KWnnpXv CXpsImmWv. Adnhph
scmw Cs\ Icp Xp w. tImem Sn s
]msImv 25920 (Ccp]mbncnsm
mbncn Ccp]Xv) BfpIfpsS kwcW
amWpmIpXv. C{]Imcw B\, IpXnc, H
Iw, BSv, IgpX apXemb arKfpw hfsc
D]ImcaphbmWv.

12
Cu arKsf sImp
h apgp h a\p jy k ap Zm b n sbpw
LmXImcmWv. t\mpI BjcmPyn
AXyw D] Im cn I fmb Cu arK sf
sbmpw lnwknncptXbn. Av Bcym
h nepw temI nse A\y cm Py
fnepw a\pjycpw ap PohnIfpw hfsc kpJ
ambn PohnXw \bnncpp. Av ]ip Imf
apXemb arK th{X DmbncpXn
\m ]mepw s\pw AckmZnIfpw kpe`
ambncpp. amwk`ppIfpw aZy]mcpw Pp
lnwkIcpamb hntZiob FpapX Cu
\mn hp \mSphmgvN XpSntbm Ap
apX CmpImcpsS ZpxJw hnpsImn
cnpp. Fsm:
\jvtS aqte ss\h êw \ ]pjv]w

13
thc hrns\hnsS \nmWv ]qhpw
Imbpw?
tNmZyw: kIecpw {]mWnlnwkIcmXm
bm ISph apX emb lnw{k P p
hnpw. Ah ]ipsfbpw apw sImp
Xnpw. Atm \nfpsS Cu A`n{]mb
samw hyYamIpw.
Dcw: D]{Zhapmp a\pjyscbpw
arKtfbpw innpIbpw Bhiyambm
sImp Ibpw sNp Xp cmP `r Xy m cpsS
{]hrnbmWv.
tNmZyw: ]ns AhbpsS amwkw hen
sdnp IfbtWm?
Dcw: Ifmepw thn. \mb apX
emb amwkm lm cn Iv sImSp mepw
sImmw Zlnnp Ifmepw hntcm[an.
Hcp ]t amwkmlmcnIfmb h a\pjycpw
Xnmepw temIn\p XctsSmpw kw`
hnm\n. AhcpsS kz`mhw Zpjnv amwkm
lm cn I fmb lnwkm io e cm Ip sa t bp q.
lnwk, tamj Ww, hnizm k h \, Iw,
I]Sw apXembhsImp kmZnpsXmw
A`yamWv. BtcmKyw, tcmK\miw, _pn,
_ew, ]cm{Iaw, Bbpv Fnhbvp h
\hpmpXmb Acn, tKmXv, ImbvI\n
I, IngpI, ]mev, s\v, a[pcw apXembh
tNtc]Sn tNv ]mIw sNbvXv DNnXka
bv anX ambn `n p sXmw "`yw'
Xs. Ah\hs {]IrXnbvp hncpamb
hnImcs P\nnp ]Zmsfsbmw
XyPnpXpw hnlnXambhsb AXn\\pk
cnv kzoIcnpXpw Amhsb XyPnp
Xpw `yhn[nbn s]Spmw.
tNmZyw: Htc ]m{Xn \nv DpXv
icntbm sXtm?
Dcw: tZmjIcamWv. cpt]cpsS kz`m
hhpw ioefpw s]mcpapXmbncnpI
bn . Ipjv T tcm KntbmsSmw `n p Xp
sImv tcmKanmhs chpw IqSn Zpjn
p Xp t]m se, H m {X n \np p
Xpw tZmjamsX KpWsampw sNpIbn
. AXpsImv:
t\mnjvSw IkyNnZymmZymssh XYm
cm \ ssNhmXyi\w IpcymtNmnjvSx
IzNnZv {htPXv (a\p. 2. 56)
kzw Dnjv Sw asm cmp sImSp p
Itbm asmcphs ]m{Xn \np Xnp
Itbm ]mSn . Aan X ambn `n cp Xv .
`Ww Ignv, ssIpw apJhpw IgpImsX
Apanpw t]mIbpacpXv.
tNmZyw: ""Kptcm cp n jv S t`m P \ av ''

14
F hmIyns AYw FmWv?
Dcw: Kpcphns `Ww Ignv tijn
p ipamb Blmcw IgnWw FmWv
AYw. Kpcphn\v \evInbXn\p tijw am{Xw
injy `nWw FYw.
tNmZyw: DnjvSambsXmw \njnam
sWn tX\oIfpsS DnjvSamb tX,
]ip p n bpsS Dn jv S amb ]m, Hcp
12. Cu hnjbsn hnkvXrXamb Hcp \ncq]Ww
""tKmIcpWm\n[n'' F {Kn sNbvXnpv.
Cu ]pkvXIw sshZnI kmlnXy ]cnjns "BNm
c`m\p' F ]pkvXIn Dsmnnpv.
13. NmWIy\oXn 1013 14. {]mWtXmjnWn F ]pkvXIn\nv
204
I_fw `n p I gn bp tm Ah \ hs
Xs Dn jv S am bn o cp tNmdv Ch
sbmpw `ncpXtm?
Dcw: DnjvSsa t]tc tX\n\pq.
hnh[uj[fpsS kmb AXp kzoImcy
amWv. InSm AInn \npw ]pdp h
]m am{Xta IpSnppp. Dnep ]m
IpSnphm IgnbpIbn. AXn\m DnjvS
a. Fm Ipn IpSnXns tijw Pew
sImv AInSp IgpIn ipamb ]m{Xn
]m Id s Sp Ww. Hcp hs Dnjv Sw
Ah\v bmsXmcp hnIm chpw Dm p n ,
A\ys DnjvTw `ncpsXXv kzm`m
hnIamWv. A\ys aeaq{Xsf kv]inp
XnepnStmfw shdpv Ah\hs apJw,
aqv, sNhn, Iv, D]w, Kptly{nb
Fnhbn \npmIp aeaq{XmZnIsf
kv]inpXn DmIpn. AXn\m
AXp krjvSn{Ian\p hn]coXambnpX
sp knnpp. asmcphs DnjvSw
Fn `nmXncnpXpXsbmWv a\p
jysmw DNnXw.
tNmZyw: sImmw! `mcym`mmcpw
]ckv]cw DnjvSw `ncpsXmtWm?
Dcw: ]mSn. Fsm AhcpsSbpw
icockz`mhw `namWv.
tNmZyw: Hp tNmZns! GXp a\p
jy DmnbXmbmepw AXp `np
Xn se mWv sXv ? {_mW apX
NWvUmf hscbphcpsS icocw Fpw
amwkhpw sXmenbpw sImpmnbXmWv.
{_mWs icocnepXcw tNmc Xs
bmWv NWvUmfmZnIfpsS icocnepap
Xv . Fn]ns GXp a\p jy ]mIw
sNbvXXmbmepw `npXn FmWp
sXv?
Dcw: sXp v . Da ]Zm
`np {_mWcpsS icocn ZpK
mZn tZmjfnm ctPmhocy Dm
IpXpt]mse NWvUmfmZn kv{Xo]pcpjm
cn DmIpn. NWvUmfs icocw ZpK
]camWpsfsmp \ndncnpp.
{_mlvaWmZnIfpsS icocw As\bpX
. AXn\m {_mWmZn t{ijvTPmXnI
]mIw sNbvXXp `nmhpXmWv. tXmn
I fpw, Ad hp Im cpw, ]mIw sNbv XXv A`
yamWv . ""A, iz{ip, ktlm Z cn, ]p{Xn,
]p{X`mcy FnhcpsSsbmw icocw Nw
sImpmnbXpt]mse Nw sImpm
nbXmWv Ah\hs `mcybpsS icochpw.
AXpsImp \n `mcytbmSp s]cpamdp
Xpt]mse AtbmSpw apw s]cpamdptam?''
Fv Bscnepw tNmZnm \np Xe
Xmgvn anmXncntn hcpatm. Da
amb Aw sXmp`npXpt]mse \mdp
hbpw `n ptam? aehpw `n ptam?
As\bphcpw Dmbncnptam?
tNmZyw: ]ip hns NmWIw sImp
sagp Ip Xp t]mse \n kzw aew
sImp sagpImXncnpsXv? NmWIw
sImp sagpInb ep t]mIptm
AhnsS AipamImXpw FpsImv?
Dcw: a\pjys aentXpt]mep
ZpKw ]iphns NmWIn\n. NmWIw
kv \nKv am b Xp sImv thK n Cf Ip
Itbm hkv{X apjnbpItbm hkv{X
fn Nfn ]pItbm sNpn. apsImp
amen\yw Dm Ip Xp t]mse DW nb
NmWIw sImp m Ip n . apw NmW
Ihpw IqSntpmnb ew at\mlc
amWv. ]mIw sNp encpp `Ww
IgnpIbpw apw sNpXpsImp AhnsS
s\v, AcnsmSn, Fn Fnhsbmw hogp
p. AXp sImv Cu, Ddp v , apX em b h
sbmw Cc tXSm AhnsS hp Iq Sp p.
AhnsS Znhkw tXmdpw ASnpXfnp sagpIn
hrnbmn shnsn B w Iqp
t]m em bn o cpw. AXn \m Znhkw tXmdpw
NqsIm Sn v , NmW Ihpw apw Iqn
tp sagpIn hrnbmn shWw, henb
hoSmsWn shwsImp IgpIn hrn
bmWw, Cs\ sNbvXm app ]d
tZmj DmhpIbn. henb kmbvm
cpsS ASp f bn Hcn Sp Icn, thsdm cn
Sp Nmcw, asmcnSp hndIv, Hcp Znn
Hcp DS IpSw, Hcn Sp Fn ]m{Xw,
asmcp aqebv v Fn Ij W Ch
sbmw InS p p m hpw. Cu bpsS IY
sbp ]dbm! tbmKymcmscnepw AhnsS
205
sNncpm Hmm\npw. B HSnpgnp
Xpeyw AtX ImWq. NmWIw sagpIpXn
tZmjapsn ASpn NmWIhcfnbnv
Xo InpXpw NpascgpXpIbpw hcfno
sImv lp henpIbpw sNpXpsImv
kmbvns t`mP\m\hpw AipamhpI
bnt?'' F tNmZntXmWv. Asnepw
kwi bn m \n .
tNmZyw: AI n cpv `n p tXm
]pdncpp `nptXm \Xv?
Dcw: \Xpw, caWobhpw kpchpamb
m\w FhnsSbmbncpmepw AhnsSbncpv
`nWw. Bhiyw hcptm bpnepw
apw IpXn c p d tm, hml \ n en cp tm,
\ntm `npXv DNnXamWv,
tNmZyw: kzbw ]mIw sNbvXXv `n
Ww, A\y ]mIw sNbvXXcpXv At?
Dcw: t{ijv T m ip ambn ]mIw
sNbvXXv Ah At\ym\yw hnfn `np
Xn Hcp tZmjhpw C. {_mlvWmZnhW
fnepsS kv{Xo]pcpjm ASpf hbvm
\pw, ]m{Xw Igp Im\pw \S m hnZymZn
t{ijvTKpW Hcnepw A`nhrnsSpI
bn. bp[njvTncalmcmPmhp \Snb cmPkq
bbmKn `qtKmfnep kIe cmPm
mcpw Ejnamcpw aljnamcpw ]sSpp.
Ah sc m hcpw H ASp fbn \nmWv
`nncpXv. ({InkvXpaXw, Cmw, apXemb
aXhn`mK htXmSp IqSnbmWv sshchpw
hntcm[hpw DmbXv) aZyhpw tKmamwkmZn
Ifpw IpSnm\pw Xnm\pw Ah Bcw`n
tXmSpIqSn `WmZnImcyfnepw A`n{]m
bhyXymkapmbn. Im_q, Im, Cudm,
Atacn, bqtdmv apXemb cmPyfnse cmP
Ipamcnamcmb Kmmcn, am{Zn, Dtem]n apX
em b hsc Bcy h nse cmPm m
hnhmlw Ignv _apdnncpp. iIp\nbpw
apw Iuch]mWvUhtcmsSmw `Ww Ign
ncpp. Ah Xn XnbtXbn. Am
ep thZ{]Xn]mZnXamb Hscm aXw am{Xta
`qtemInepmbncppq. AXn Fm
hpw \njvTbpmbncpp. Hcphs kpJ
ZpxJfpw em`\jvSfpw XtXn\p Xpey
ambn Ah KWnncpp. Ap `qanbn
kuJyw Dmbncpp. CtmgmIs hnh[
aXfpmIbm AXn\\pkcnv ZpxJhpw
hntcm [hpw hnp Ahsb \nhm cWw
sNtXv _pnammcpsS ISabmWv. Cuiz
c kXyns IWnI GhcpsSbpw lrZb
n Apcnnv anYymaXsf {]fbn
Hgps. CXnt\n hnZzmmscmw hntcm[w
shSnv Nnnv, B\h\hpms.
BNmcw A\mNmcw `ym`y Fn
hsbn Cs\ kz]w FgpXn. Cu {K
ns ]qmw Cu ]mw kap m k
tmSpIqSn ]qambn. Cu kapmkfn
khn kv X c ambn JWv U \ amWv U\
sNbvXnn. a\pjyv, kXyhpw AkXyhpw
thXncndnbpXn Aev]sanepw Ignhp
m Ip Xp hsc qehpw kqv a hp amb
JWvU\fpsS Bhiyhpw AYhpw {Kln
phm inbpmhpIbnsXmWv Imc
Ww. Fm hpw kXy in W sa sv
HmaXv D]tZinXn\p tijw \mep kap
mkfSnb Dcmn hnkvXrX
am bn JWv U \ aWv Um \ sNmw. B
\men HmatXn Bcymhnse
hnhn[aX cmatXn ssP\nIfpsS
aXw, aqm a t Xn {Inkv Xp aXw \mem a
tXn CmwaXw FnhbpsS JWvU\
am \ Fgp Xn b Xn\p tijw ]Xn \m em
as kapmkns Ahkm\n kza
Xhpw shfnhmmw. hniZamb JWvU\hpw
aWv U \hpw Imm B{K l ap h Cu
\mep kapmkfpw t\mtXmWv.
Ign ]v kapmkfn AhnShnsS
kmam \y ambn Nne JWv U \ am Wv U \
sNbvXnnsv Aan. Cu ]Xn\mep kap
m kfpw ]w ]nSn msX \ymb Zr jv Sn
tbmsS t\mp ]w AbmfpsS Bm
hn kXyns AYw {]Iminv B\w
kv ^pcn p Xm Wv . imTyw, Zpcm {K lw,
Cujy Fn h tbmsS t\mp Itbm,
tIpItbm sNbvXm Cu {Kns
A`n{]mbw bXmambn {Klnphm hfsc
ITn\amWv.
Cu {K ns A`n {]m b sa sv
bYmYambn NnnmsXbncpm Imcyw
{ Kln m \m ImsX Ipg n tm tb mw.
kXyhpw AkXyhpw \nWbnv kXys
206
kzoIcnpIbpw AkXys XyPnpIbpw
sNbvXv ]cam\s {]m]npIbmWv hnZzm
mcpsS Ihyw. Acw KpW{KmlnIfm
Wv, hnZzmcmbn [aAYImatamfm
Ip ê t\Sn {]kcmbn hnp
Xv.
{ioabm\kzmanI cNn
kXym{]Iminse
BNmcm\mNmc `ym`y hnjbsf
{]Xn]mZnp ]mw kapmkw
Ignp.
(]qhmw kqWw)
Dcmw
2
Am bncw sIm p app thZ a X a
msX asmcp aXhpw Cmbncpsp Xo
bmWv. thtZmambsXmw hnZymhncpam
XmWv. thZfpsS {]Nmcw \neXv alm
`m c X bpw \nan am bn cp p. thZ {] Nmcw
\netm AhnZybpsS Ccpv temIn
hym]np. a\pjyv _pn{àw ]nSns]Xp
t]msebmbn. Ah tXmpw]Sn aX {]N
cnnp. Acw aXfn Ghpw thZhncp
fmb \mep aX]pcmWaXw, ssP\
aXw, {InkvXpaXw, aplZpaXw Fnhkh
aXfpsSbpw aqeamWv. Ah Hn\p]ndtI
Hmtcmmbn \Snembn. Ch \mentbpw ]ncn
hp I Bbn c n Ipd bp I bn . Cu aX
mpw Ah cpsS injy mpw as m
hpw, kXym k Xy \nbw sNp hm
At\ym\yw henb ]cn{iaw DmImXncnp
Xn\pthnbmWv Cu {Kw cNnnpXv.
kXyaXns a\hpw AkXyns
J \hpw Fgp Xn bn cn p Xns {]tbm
P\w Fmhpw Aht_m[nnp sImSpp
IsbXp Xsbt{X. Fs _pn, ]Tnv,
Cu \mep aX fp tSbpw aqe {K
t\mnbpmnb Adnhv, Fnhb\pkcnv
FmhcptSbpw kaw Imcy ]dbpXv
\mbncnpsav Rm a\nempp. ad
ph Adnhns ]p\e_v[n km[mcWb.
] ]mXw shSnv CXp t\mp ]w
kXyhpw AkXyhpamb aX Ghpw
Adn hmIpw ]noSv Hmtcm cp cp tSbpw
Adnhpw t_m[hpw A\pkcnv kXyaXs
sImm\pw AkXyaXs Xm\pw Ignbp
XmWv.
]Xns\mmw kapmkn ]pcmWmZn
{K aptJ\ imtJm]imJmcq]n
Bcy h n {]N cn n p ff aX fpsS
kwn]vXamb KpWtZmj hnNn\w ImWmw.
Fs Cu {]hrn D]Imc{]Zasp Icp
Xp]w hntcm[nbpacpXv. Fsm,
Fs XmXv]cyw Bsnepw lm\nbpm
pItbm Bscsbnepw hntcm[npItbm
A; kXymkXy\nbw sNpIbpw sNn
pIbpw am{XamWv. Fmhcpw \ymbZrjvSn
tbmsS hnpXpXsbmWv Atbw
DNnXw. a\pjy Pw e`npXv kXyhpw
AkXyhpw \nbnpXn\pw \nbnn
pXn\pamWv. hmZhnhmZw \SpXnt\m
hntcm[npXnt\m A. aXaXmc
Xn ep ff hmZ hn hm Z \nanw temI
n Fsmw A\njvS êfpmbnp
s pw, Dm Ip spw Dm Ip sapw
]]mXclnXcmb hnZz\dnbmw.
a\p jy h n anYym a X a Xm c
Xn ep hncp hm Z Cm Xm Ip Xp
hsc ]ckv]cw B\w DmhpItb C. a\p
jy cmb \msa mw, hnti jnv hnZzm m cpw,
Cujybpw tZzjhpw shSnv kXyhpw Ak
Xyhpw \nbnv kXys {KlnpIbpw
AkXys XyPnbpw, AXn\p aphsc
t{]cnnpIbpw sNbvXm \apv Cmcyw
Akm[ya.
Fmhtcbpw hntcm[Pmen IpSpn
bn n cn p Xv aX hn Zzm m Xn ep
hntcm[w \nan am sW Xn kwibw
th. Ch XImcyw hnnv khP\\
em m p I bm sW n DS \Sn sFI aXyw
Dm Ipw. AXp t\ Sp hm \p D]mbw Cu
{K\vYmhkm\n FgpXmw. Htc aXn
{]hnphm\p Dmlw khinam
\mb ]cammhv FmhcptSbpw Bmhn
{]IminnpamdmIs.
_pnammcn t{ijvTcmbhtcmSv
IqSpX hnkvXcnpn.
Dcmw
A\p`qanI cv
11
]Xns\mmw kapmkw
kXym{]Imiw
AY Bcymhcvob aXJWvU\aWvUt\ hn[mkymax
C\n Bcymhnse aXfpsS JU\ aU\ sNmw.
C\n Bcym h tZi \n hm kn I fmb
t{ijvTP\fpsS aXsfn {]XnIqehpw
A\p Iq e hp ambn N sN mw. Cu Bcym
h tZ i n\p Xpey ambn asmcp tZiw
temI n en . AXn \m em Wv , Cu \mSns\
kphW`qan Fp ]dbpXv. Cu \mnemWv
kzWw, cXv\w apXembh DXv]mZnnp
Xv. XnanamWv Bcym krjvSnbpsS XpS
n ChnsS hp ]mXv. krjvSnhn
j b s n ]d tm Bcy FXv
t{ijvTmcpsS t]cmsWp ]dp.
1
Bcy
mcmhcpsS t]cv Zkyp FmWv.
]mckaWn `mcXw
temInepff tZisfmw Cu tZis
]pI gv p p. Ah hnNm cn p Xn s\
bmWv: ]mckaWn
2
sbsmcp cXv\ns\
n tIn p v . ]t AXv Cm XmWv
bYmY ]mc k aWn Bcym h tZ iamWv ,
ChnsS hcp Zcn{Zcmb hntZinI ]mck
aWn sXm temlw t]mse kzWambn, AXm
bXv kcmbn amdpp.
krjv Sn Imew apX Am bncw sImw
app hsc, temI nse kmh ù a m
AYhm khm[nImcnIfmb N{Ihnam
Bcymcmbncpp. CXctZifn kma
cmPmm am{XamWpmbncpXv. Iuch
]mWvUhcpsS Imew hsc ChnSps `cW
nepw A[o\XbnepamWv temInse cmPm
mcpw {]PIfpw IgnncpXv. krjvSn
bpsS BZn bn Dmb
3
a\p kv ar Xn bnse
hmIyw CXn\p {]amWamWv.
""GXti{]kqXky kImimZ{KP\x
kzw kzw Ncn{Xw intc ]rYnhymw kh
am\hmx'' (a\p. 2.20)
Cu BcymhtZin P\n {_m
WcnhnZzmmcn \npXs temInep
ff a\pjy{_mW, {Xnb, sshiy,
iq{Z, Zkyp, t apXembhscmw Ah
1. kapmkw 8. t]Pv ....................(351, 353.)
2. sXm temlsamw s]mmp
kev]am{Xamb HcpcXv\w.
3. CXv `mcXob Ncn{Xn\nv sXfnbpp.
a\phn\ptijw injycmb `rKp. \mcZ
apXembh am\h [imkv{Xw ]cnjvcnn
pv. Cs a\pkvarXnbn ""CXn am\th [a
imkvt{X `rKpt{]mmbmw kwlnXmbmav''
(`rKp t{]mamb am\h [aimkv{X kwlnX
bn) Fp ImWpp. `rKphn\ptijw Ghpw
IpdXv cpXhWsbnepw a\kvarXn ]cn
jvIcnsnpv. Cu ]cnjvImfpsS
t]cpw AmXamWv. Cu kvarXnbn cmP
[w am{Xta {]hNnnpq. CXnpw e`yam
Wv. ]mmXycpw AhcpsS A\pKmanIfpw a\p
kvarXnbpsS ImeLw {In.]n. aqmw \qmsp
KWnpXv Cu {]n]vX tmIsf B[mc
amnbmWv. CXv `mcXob CXnlmkn\p
hncpamWv.
210
kXym{]Imiw Bcymhcvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
\ h\p tbmPn hnZybpw, kz`m h kw _ n
bmb inWhpw, hnZym`ymkhpw {KlnpsIm
Ww.
bp[n jv Tnc alm cm Pm hns cmP kqb
b]cyhpw alm`mcX bpw hscbpw
FmcmPyfpw ChnSps A[o\nembn
cpp. ssN\bnse `KZ, Atacnbnse
_{`p hm l \, bqtdm nse hnUm em
AYhm ]q, bh\s\p ]dbs
bq\m, Cdm\nse iey apXemb cmPm
mscmw cmPkqb bnepw alm`mcX
bpnepw Bm\pkcWw ]sSpncp
p. cLphwim `cnp htm cmhW
ChnSps A[o\Xbnembn cpp. {iocmas
Imev hncpambn {]hnXn\v in
\In cmPyw IogSn hnòjWs\ cmPmhm
nbXmWv.
A[x]X\ ImcWw
kzbw`ph cmPmhp apX ]mWvUh hsc
BcymcpsS km{amPyw \ne\np. AXn\p
tijw ]ckv]chntcm[m t]mcmSn \in
p. FpsImsm, ]cammhns Cu
krjvSnbn Zpc`nam\nIfpw A\ymbmcpw
AhnZzmmcpambhcpsS cmPyw \op\np
Ibn. hfscb[nIw [\w Bhiyn\p]cn
bmbn ssIhiw hp tNm aSnbpw, ]pcp
jm cmln Xyhpw Cujybpw tZzjhpw
hnjbmknbpw {]amZhpw hnpsaXv
{]IrXn\nbaamWv.
4
CXpsImv cmPyn
]Snpw kz`mhhpw \jvSsSpIbpw ZpKp
Whpw Zpxkz`mhhpw hnpIbpw sNpw.
aZy ]m \w, amwkm lm cw, ssii h hn hm lw,
Xn jv S {] Imcw {]hn apX emb
tZmjfpw hnpw.
AXpt]mse, bphn`mKn, bpX{
Iuiehpw ssk\yns A{]Xntcm[yamb
inbpw hnv temIn APambno
cptm, Ahcn ]]mXhpw Zpc`nam\hpw
hfv A\ymbw hnpw. Cu tZmjw hp
IqSptm Xn hntcm[w Dmbntm, at
sX n ep w cmwIn S Ip e n \n v
FXnm Icp \m b bm shp hn fnv
tXmev]nntm \miw hpIqSpw. apkamm
cpsS Imev inhPnbpw, tKmhnknwl\pw
Cs\ FXnv apnw cmPyw On`nam
nbXmWv.
Nne {]mNo\ BcyN{Ihnam
AY Inta ssXcv hm ]tcft\y alm [
\pcv[c {I hcvn\x tINnXv kpZypav\
`qcnZypavt\{Zypav\ IphebmizhZvbuh\m
iz{[y izmiz]Xn ii_np lcn{mav_
coj \\p icymXn bmXyXcWymtk
\mZbx. AY acp`cX{]`rXtbm cmPm\x
(ssa{Xyp]\njv. 1. 4.)
CXymZn {]amWfn \nv, krjvSn apX
alm`mcXImew htcbvpw BcyIpen
\np am{Xta k{ampI Dmbnpq Fp
knnpp. Ctm ChcpsS km\
\n`mKyhim cmPy{`jvScpw hntZinIp
Iogvshcpw Bbncnpp. kpZypav\, `qcn
Zypav\, C{Zypav\, Iphebmiz, buh\m
iz (h{yiz) Aiz]Xn, ii_np, lcn
{, Aw_coj, \\p, icymXn, bbm
Xn, A\cWy, Atk\, acpv Fn
hcpw `cX\pw kmhùakhtemI{]kn
cmb N{Ihnam Bbncpsv tcJ
sSpnbnpXpt]mse kzmbw`qhmZn N{I
hnamcpsS t]cpI a\pkvarXn, alm`m
cXw apXemb {Kfn FgpXnbncnpp.
CsXmw sIp I Y I fm sWv ]d bp Xv
Am\nIfpsSbpw ]]mXaphcpsSbpw
]WnbmWv.
Btbmkv{Xhpw apw
tNmZyw: Btbmkv{Xw apXemb hnZy
Isfn FgpXnbncnpXv kXyamtWm?
Amev ]ocnbpw tXmpw apw Dm
bn cptm?
Dcw: kXy am Wv , Cu Bbp [ fpw
Dmbncpp. ]ZmYhnZysImv Chsbmw
km[nmhpXmWv.
tNmZyw: Ch tZh X I fpsS a{ knn
Bbncptm?
Dcw:A. Akv{Xikv{X knnp
Xn\v "a{' thWw. hnNmcw AYhm a\
4. tem`mXv ]cn{Klw, ]cn{KlmXvKucahav,
KuchmXv Bekyav, BekymZv tXtPmf Zt[
(]mcmicob tPymXnj kwlnXbvp `tmXv]e
cNn lrZvkwlnXmSoIbn DrXw.
NcIkwlnX hnam\m\w33)
kXym{]Imiw ]Xns\mmw kapmkw
211
\amWv a{. a\\memWv, Ah knn
ncpXpw {]tbmKnncpXpw. a{w shdpw
i_vZabamWv. AXn\nv {Zhyw DmhpI
bn. a{w P]nm AnbpmIpsav ]d
bp ]w a{w P]npbmfns lrZ
bhpw \mpw `kvaamIWatm. i{Xphns\
sImm ]pdsv Xm Xs acnpI! a{
sam hnNmcamWv. cmPmhns a{nsb
Xn\v cmPIafpsS hnNmcnpImc Fp
]dbpp. AXpt]mse a{w AYhm hnNmc
m krjvSnbpsSsbmw ]ZmYsfn
bp m\w BZyambpw ]noSv {Inbbn
\nv At\I{]Imcnep ]Zmfpw
{InbmIuiefpw DXv]amIpp. temlw
sImv _mWtam tKmftam Dmn AXn
Xo sImfpnbm hmbphn ]pI ]c
tXm, kqcy In c Wtam hmbpthm Gev p
tm InPzenpItbm sNh
ap hkvXp shncnpXns t]cmWv
Btbmkv{Xw. CXns\ XSbWsan hmcp
Wmkv{Xw {]tbmKnWw. AXmbXv, i{Xp
i{Xpssk\ys Btbmkv{Xw {]tbmKnv
\innm {ianm, Xs ssk\yns
c bv mbn tk\m ]Xn hmcp Wmkv {Xw
{]tbm Knv Bt bm kv {Xs \nhm cWw
sNWw. Btbmkv{Xn \np ]pds
Sp [qaw hmbpkv]itamepSt\ Peambn
cq]mcsv An ian hkvXp
CXn \p ] tbm Kn Ww. AXp t]mse
\mKmkv{Xw (\mK]miw) i{Xpfn {]tbm
KnmepSt\ Ah Ne\tijnbnmsX, sIn
bnhtctmsebmIpw. taml\mkv{Xhpw CXp
t]mse {]tbmKnmepSt\ i{Xpsf aqn
Xcmn Ddhw amZI{Zhy \nd
XmWv. Cs\bmWv Akv{Xikv{Xfpw
Dm bn cp Xv . In sImtm Im Sn
sImtm assnepw sImtm sshZypXn
Dmn i{Xp \miw sNbv Xn cp p. AXn\p
Bt bm kv {X sap ]mip ] Xm kv {X sapw
]dncpp.
tXmv, ]ocn Fo t]cpI hntZi`m
j I fn te Xm Wv . kwkv Ir X n tetXm av
Bcymhob `mjIfntetXm A. Fm
hntZ in I ]ocn Fp ]d bp Xn\v
kwkvIrX\maw, iXLv\n FmWv. tXmn\v
`pipWvUn Fp ]dbpw. kwkvIr Xw Adn
bmh {àn s]v Hn\v asmsgp
XpIbpw Fsmstbm ]pepIbpw sNp
p. CsXmpw _pnammv {]amWambn
kzoIcnm IgnbpIbn.
IqSmsX temIn Fsmw hnZyI
{]N cn n ptm Ah sbmw Bcym h
n \nv CuPn]vpImcpw
5
Ahcn \nv
{KopImcpw Ahcn \nv tdmammcpw Ah
cn \nv bqtdmpImcpw Ahcn \nv Ata
cn apXemb tZimcpw sImpt]mbXmWvv.
Ctm hsc kwkvIrXn\p{X {]Nmcw
ap tZi fn en . Pa \n bnkwkv Ir X
n\p henb {]Nmcapspw tamaqe
6
kmbnv ]Tn{Xbpw kwkvIrXw Bcpw ]Tn
nnspw ]dbpXv shdpw ]dn am{X
am Wv . Fs m b kv an tZti {Zptam
\mkvXnXss{XcWvtUmf ]n{ZpambtXhr
anmnSv BhWpw almhrw
7
Fp
tm? AXpt]mse kwkvIrXhnZym`ymkta
Cm P \n bn tam aq e kmbv ]v
Ipdp ]TnXpXs AhntSbv[nImWv.
Bcymhhpambn XmcXaysSpptm
AXp hfsc IpdhmWv. kwkvIrXn Fgp
Xnb Ins AYw {Klnphm t]mepw
Ign hp h Pa \n bn Xptemw hnc f am
sWv Xt io b \mb Hcp {]nkn ens
In \nv Rm Adnnpv. tamaq
e kmbv ]ns kwkv Ir X km ln Xyhpw

8
kzev]w thZhymJy\hpw IXn \nv
F\nv a\nemXv, Bcymhobcmb Bfp
I FgpXnb IpdnpIfn Anp t\mn
AXp anXpw Fgp XpI am{Xta tam aq e
kmbv ]v sNbv Xn p s Xm Wv . DZm l c W
n\v ""bpRvPpn {_[\acpjw Ncw ]cn
Xpjx tcmNt tcmN\m Znhn''
9
F
Xnse {_[\w F ]Zn\p Ipdp Fm
5. blqZmcpsS aqe D]tZjvSm
CuPn]vXn\nv sImpt]mbn Fv
]WvUnv `Khv.
6. amIvkvayqe FXns kwkvIrXw EtKzZ
`mjymcw`n amIvkvayqe Xs
tamaqecx Fv FgpXnbnpv.
7. aqnmcmPyv apdnap cmPmhv.
8. amIvkvayqecpsS History of Ancient Sanskrit
Literature BbncnWw.
9. EtKzZw 1.6.1.
212
WYw Ipdn n cn p Xv . kmb Wm Nm cy
kqcy Fv AYw ]d n cn p Xv
CXns\ At]nv \XmWv. Fm icn
bmb AYw Cuizc FmWv. Fs EtKz
ZmZn`mjy`qanI
10
bn t\mpI. icnbmb
AYw AXnsegpXnbnpv. AXn \nv Pa
\n bn tebpw tam aq e kmbv n sbpw
kwkvIrX]mWvUnXyw F{Xsbp a\nem
Ipw.
temI n hym]n n p aX fpw
Adnhpw Fmw Bcymh tZip \np
{]NcnnnpXp XsbmWv. Ptmembvv
kmbvv F ]mcknI AYhm {^pIm
c Xs ""ss__n C CUy'' F
]pkvXIn FgpXpXp t\mpI. icn
bmb AYw AXn se gp Xn bn p v . AXn
\nv Pa\nbntebpw tamaqe kmbvn
sbpw kwkv Ir X ]m Wv UnXyw F{X sbp
a\nemIpw.
temI n hym]n n p aX fpw
Adnhpw Fmw Bcymh tZip \np
{]Ncnnp XsbmWv. Ptmembvv kmbvv
F ]mcknI AYhm {^pImc Xs
""ss__n C CUy'' F ]pkv X I
n FgpXpXp t\mpI: ""Fm Adn
hnsbpw \IfpsSbpw `WvUmcw Bcym
h tZiamWv Fm hnZyIfpw aXhpw Cu
tZin \nmWv {]NcnncpXv. Fnv
Cuizct\mSp {]mnpp: ""kthizcm!
]qhImev Bcymh tZin\pm
bncp DXn Fs \mSn\pw ssIhcpn
bmepw'' B {Kw t\mpI.
ZmcmintImlv
ZmcmintImlv F cmPmhpw kwkvIrX
`mjbnepXpt]mse kqWhnZy thsdmcp
`mjbpansv Xocpam\np. As\ Atlw
D] \n j ns Xn a bn
11
Fgp Xp p.
Rm Ad_n XpSnb hfsc `mjI ]Tn
p. Fm Fs a\n B\tam kwi
b\nhrntbm Dmbn. kwkvIrXw t\mp
Ibpw tIpIbpw sNbvXtmgmWv ]cam
\w DmbXv.
tPymXnmkv{Xw
Iminbnse \{X_wmhn D inip
amcN{Iw t\mpI, thhw kwcnp
n s nepw Cpw AXn \nv tPymXn
mkv{X kw_nbmb Fsmw hnhc
fmWv e`n p Xv ! Pb ]q cmPmhv AXv
\mn kwcnm \bmcnpw.
12
alm`mcXbpw F hn\
alm`mcXbptmSpIqSn Cs\ kI
etZipw intcmaWnbmbncp Cu tZi
n\v t\cn XIbn\nv Cphtcbvpw
tamN\w e`nnn. Fsm ktlmZc
sImp XpSnbm \miapmIpsaXnse
mWp kwibw?
hn\miImte hn]coX_pn
13
FsXmcp
Ihn hm Iy am Wv . \mi ap m Ip tm _pn
hn] co X am bn ov hn] co X Im cy
sNbvXpXpSpp. Bscnepw t\hgn D]
tZinm sXncnpIbpw A]IShgn D]
tZinm icnbmsWp [cnpIbpw sNpw.
almhnZzmm,
14
cmPmm, almcmPm
m, Ejn aljnam Fnhscmw alm
12. Pb]q cmPmhmbncp khmbvam\knwl\mWv
Imin, Dss\n, Zln FnhSfn \{X
_wmhpI ]WnIgnnXv. Zlnbnse
\{X_wmhn\v P an Fp]dbpp.
13. NmWIy\oXn 16.5
14. `cZzmP]p{X\mIbm `cZzmPs\pw t]cpv.
AYimkv{Xw Iev]kq{Xw FnhbpsS
cNbnXmhv CtlamWv. òva, IuW]Z
Fnhcpw thZ]mcwKXcpw AYimkv{X{]hm
fpw Bbncpp. Ir]mNmcy KuXaaljn
bpsS ]napdmc\mbncpp.
15. Ime {I taW Cm sXbmsbp Xmev ] cyw.
alm`mcX
bpn\ptijw iu\ImZnIfpsS ]cc 200
hjw \ne\np. hopw 400 hjmew Ejn
amcpsS Imeambncpsnepw cmPyhyh Xmdp
amdmbXn\m \jvSs {]Xm]w hnZymcwKpw
hosSpm\mbn. thZhnZy tem]np ap
imkv{XfpsS ]T\]mT\fpw {ItaW tem]n
p. hnjbmkcmb cmPmm, irwKmc{][m
\amb Imhy{K cNnnp. AhbpsS A`y
k\w \nanw cmjv{Sn\v henb lm\nIfpm
bn. AXnpw XpScpp.
10. thZ]cyS\w Fv aebmf \maw. t]Pv 208209
Hmw]Xnv sshZnIkmlnXy]cnjns
{]Imi\w.
11. ZmcmintImlns D]\njZv Xa ]mgvkn
`mjbnemWv. AXns t]cv kntc AIv_
(h clkyw) FmWv.
213
`m c X bp n h[n s Sp Ibpw acn
pIbpw
15
sNbvXp. Atm hnZybpw thtZm
Ia[a {]Nmchpw \jvSsp. Cujy,
tZzjw, Zpc`nam\w Fnh ]ckv]cw {]ISn
nm XpSn. Iqph Imcymc\m
bn. Bcymhw Nn`nambn sNdpcmPy
fmbn. Cu Ahbn Zzo]mcfnse `c
Whyh Bcp \Snemm?
{_mW hnZymlo\cmbtm {Xnb
sshiyiq{ZmcpsS IYsbmhm\mWv? AY
klnXw thZ ]Tnp k{Zmbw Cm
Xmbn.
16
\nXyhrnpthn a{w sNm
am{Xw \ne \nn. AXp t]mepw {Xn b
tcbpw apw ]TnnmXmbn. AhnZzmmcmb
h Kpcp m cm b tm hymPw, Im] Syw,
A[aw Fnhbpw Ahcn \nv s]cpInh
p. {_mW kzw \nXyhrnv Gm
SpmWsav BtemNnpdp. khk
Xambn Xocpam\n {]Imcw Ah ""R
\nfpsS kw]qPy tZhmcmsWv'' {Xn
bmZnIsf D]tZinp ]Tnnp. Rsf ]qPn
msX kzKtam apntbm e`nnspw
As\ sNmh tLmc\cIn ]Xn
psapw ]Tnnp. ]qWhnZzmmcpw [man
Icpambhp \evInbncp {_mW, ]qP
\ob apXemb thZEjnt{]mamb t]cp
I aqVcpw, hnjbmkcpw eSmcpw, I]
Scpw A[an I fp am b h Gs Sp p. B
B]vXhnZzmmcpsS eW Cu aqVm
mv Fs\bmWp tNcpI? Fm,
{XnbmZnIfmb bPam\m kwkvIrXhn
Zybn Xopw AcmbXp \nanw Cq
]d t]mgsfmw icnbmsW
h hnizknp. As\ Cu \maam{X{_m
W hmWp hnekn. Fmhscbpw hmKvPme
m ]mnemn. {_hmIyw P\mcvZ\x
17
AXm bXv {_m W ap J p \np hcp
hmIyw kmm `Khms AcpfmSmsWp
hnNmcnWw. Fh ]dpXpSn. {Xn
bmZnhW _nXcmb A AYhm
AIps]mnbhcpw [\]ujvIeyaph
Bhp Ibpw {_mW injy m cm hp Ibpw
sNbvXtm {_mW\ma[mcnIv hnj
bm\ns ]qmh\w e`np. temIn
Fsmw \ Xptm AsXmw {_m
WpXmsWpw Ch ]dp]cn.
18
.
KpWIakz`mhfn A[njvTnXambncp
{_mWmZn hWhyh \innv P\m[n
jv Tn X am n. ac W ] cyw hsc bp Zm\w
Bcm [ I cn \np hmp hm\pw XpS n.
tXmpw]Sn tXmnbXp sNphm\pw R
`qtZ h m cm sW pw, Rsf tkhn m
hv kzK temIw e`n bn sp ]d bp
hm\pw IqSn Ch Bcw`np. \n GXp
temIpt]mIpsav ChtcmSp tNmZnWw.
tLmc\cIw In {]hrnbmWv \n
sNp sX pw, Iran IoS ]Xw Km Zn I fn
sNp P\npsapw ]dm Ch {Ip
cmIpw. Fnp ]dbpw: ""R i]npw.
\n \inpw. {_t{Zmlo hn\iyXn
Fv {]amWapv. {_mWt{Zmlw sNp
h apSn p t]mIpw'' Imcyw icn bm Wv ,
]qthZfpw ]cammhnt\bpw Adnbp
[ammhpw khtemtIm]Imcnbpamb Bfn
t\mSv tZzjw Imph \nbambpw apSn
bpw. ]t {_mW\mhs\ {_mW
s\p hnfn p Itbm ]qPn p Itbm sNp
Xv DNnXa.
t]mv
tNmZyw: ]ns RfmcmWv.
Dcw: \nfmWv t]mv
tNmZyw: t]msmemcmWv?
Dcw: CXns AYw tdma `mjbn
]nXmhv, henbh FsmamWv. Fm
ChnsS, NXnhpw Im]Syhpw sImv A\ysc
hnv Xnjv Sw km[n p h sc bmWv
t]mv Fp ]dbpXv.
tNmZyw: R {_m W m km[p
RfpsS A {_mW, A
16. kXybpKw apX alm`mcXImew hsc
thZmYns ]cc Ahnnambn XpSp
t]mp. bmkvIs Imev `mcXob hnZzmmn
Sbn thZmYtn kwibw \ne\nncp
s bqtdm]y ]WvUnXmcpsS hmZw Ncn{X
hncpamWv Fv ]WvUnXv `Khv.
17. ]mWvUhKoXbn\nv
18. kcvhwkzw {_mWtkyZwbXv Inn
KXo KXav.
(a\pkvarXn 1100 CXp {]n]vXtmIamWv)
214
{_mWn, R C km[phns injy
cpamWv.
Dcw: Imcyw icn bm Wv . Fm
tIq ktlmZcm! amXm]nXm {_m
WcmbXpsImtm, km[phns injycmbXp
sImtm Bcpw {_m Wtcm km[p tfm
BIpn. AhchcpsS Daamb KpWIa
kz `m h fmWv {_m Wt\m km[pthm
BpXv. Abm ]tcm]Imcnbpambncn
Ww.
tdmanse t]mv
\nfpsS ]m] Fs apn Gp
]d m Rm an p Xm sWv
tdmanse t]mv Xs A\pbmbnItfmSv ]d
bmdpsv tInpv. \t tkhnmsXtbm
\psS A\phmZanmsXtbm Bpw kz
n {]th i \ an . kz n t]mIm
B{Klnph F{X ]Ww \psS ASp
Gnptam AXn\p X km[\ kma
{KnI AhnhnsS Inpw. CXptIv ""A
cmb _nX'' kzn t]mIm B{K
lnv t]mn\v btYjv Sw ]Ww \Ingn
m t]mv tbiphntbpw adnbntbpw
{]XnaIp at[y \nv C\n FgpXpw t]mse
Hcp lpnI FgpXnsmSppw. ""]cnip
\mam hmgvs Cutimaninlmtb!
Cbm \ns \man kzn hcp
hm\mbn ew cq]m Fs ] ASnp
v. Ch kznseptm \o \ns
]nXmhns kzKcmPyn Ccp]m
bncw cq]bvv hoSpw ]dpw, Ccp]m
bn c n\v hm l \w, \mbmp kma {Kn I,
`rXy Fnhbpw, Ccp]mbncn\v
`Ww hkv{Xw apXembhbpw, Ccp]
mbncn\v kzmpw _pan{XmZn
Ipw sNehn\p hIbpw sImSpnp
amdmIWw''. lpnIbn t]mv Hnv sImSp
nv ]dbpw ""CXv \ns acWkabv I
dbn Xebvp Xmsg hbvm _pan
{XmZnItfmSv ]dbWw. ]noSv \ns sImp
t]m Im hcp amem J am \nsbpw
lpnItbbpw kzntep sImpt]m
bn. FgpXnb]Sn thsXmsbpw sNbvXp
Xcpw.''
t\mq! kzns IpI t]mv Gs
Sp n cn p s p tXm p p. bqtdm n
auVyw Dmbncp{Xbpw Imew t]mns
Ifn I \Sp h p. Ctm Adn hp ] c
m XpSnbtXmSpIqSn t]mns I
fnI hfscsbmpw \Spnsnepw
thcpshp ]dpIqSm.
Bcymhnse t]mpI
CXp t]mse Bcym h nepw t]mp
I eWn\v AhXmcsfSpv cmPm
mpw P\pw hnZym`ymkw hne
pI, \hcpambn kwKaw A\phZnmXncn
pI, cm]I I_fnnemsX asmpw
sNmXncnpI XpSnb eoeI BSpp
v. NXnhv, Im]Syw apXemb IpnXhrn
I sNphcpsS t]cmWv t]mv, FXv
kvacWbnepmIWw. Ahcn [manIcpw
hnZzmmcpw ]tcm]ImcnIfpambhcpsn
Ah {_mWcpw km[pfpamWv. Im]Sy
hpw, NXnhpw, kzmYhpw sImv aphsc
sIm b Snv XImcyw t\Sp hscp
thWw t]mv F ]Zn\v AYw {Kln
tXv. {_mW, km[p Fo ]Zv
Daa\pjy Fpw AYw {KlnWw.
t\mq! D a {_m Wcpw km[p fpw
Csn thZmZn kXyimkv{XfpsS kzc
k ln X ap A[ym ] \w, ssP\, apow,
{Inkv Xy BZn bm b h cpsS he bn \np
kwc Ww, thZmZn kXy im kv {X fn
Xmev]cyw, hWm{ia]me\w Fnh Bcp
sNpw? {_mWpw km[ppamsX
CXn \mv Ign hpv ? hnjm Z ]y arXw
{Kmlyav
19
(a \p) hnj n \np t]mepw
AarXw kzoIcnpXp t]msebmWv t]mp
eoeI H[nIw Dmbncpnpw, Bcym
ssP\aXfn \nv cs]v \ne\np
Xv Fv a\nemWw.
Bcm [ I hnZym lo \ cm Ibpw X
Aev]kzev]w ]qPm]mTmZnI ]Tnv Kn
jvTcmbn Fmhcpw IqSnbmtemNnv Xns
Spn cmPmhnt\mSpw apw {_mWcpw km[p
fpw AZ y cmWv Fpw apw ]dp
19. a\pkvarXn 2239
20. alm`mjyw 1.2.64
215
hn iz kn n p. t\mq! "{_mtWm \
lhyx
20
km[pcv\lhyx' C{]Imcap
hN\ bYmY {_mWcptSbpw km[p
fptSbpw ImcynembncpXv t]mm
X tf n bm sWp hcp n h p. AXp
t]mse, hymPhN\ Iqntv {K
fpmn Ejnap\namcpsS t]cn {]Ncnnn
papv. B {]ikvX Ejnap\namcpsS t]cp
]dv Xv e`nt inIfSnb
hyhIsfmw CmXmn. ]noSv CjvSw
t]mse {]hnm\mcw`np. t]mm ]d
bmsX, Ddmt\m \nevmt\m, Ccnmt\m,
t]mImt\m hcmt\m, Xnmt\m IpSnmt\m
km[yamImhw ISp \nbafpmn
\nehn hcpn. t]mmcmb {_mWkm
[p\ma[mcnIpw CjvSapsXpw sNm
\pw, Hn\pw in e `n m Xn cn m \pw,
Ahv in \evIpXns\n BtemNn
p Xp t]mepw ANn y am I h hpw
cmPmmscsmp Xocpam\sfSpnp.
Cu auVyw Dmbtm t]mm Cn
]Sn sNm\pw sNnm\pw XpSn. Cu inYn
e X bpsS XpSw alm `m c X bp n\v
Bbncw hjw app Xs Bcw `n n cp p.
Amev Ejnap\namcpmbncpsnepw
Ipsd AekX, {]amZw, Cujy, tZzjw apX
embh \mnncpp. AXv {ItaW ]Sp]
enp.
kXyamb D]tZiw CmXmbtm Bcym
h n AhnZy hym]nv ]c kv ]cw
Ielw XpSn. FsmD]tZtiym]tZ
jvSrXzmXv Xnnx CXcYm ]ccm
21
Fp kmwJyw. AXmbXv Dtamacmb
D]tZjvSm hcptm icnbmbcoXnbn
[aw AYw Imaw tamw Fnh knn
pw. D tam ] tZ jv Sm fpw t{imXm fpw
CmXmbm Atm A]cc ]ndpw.
]noSv kXv]pcpjm P\nv ktXym]tZiw
sNptm A]cc CmXmbn {]Imi
]cc ]ndhnsbSppw.
B t]mm Xtfbpw XfpsS ]mZ
tfbpw ]qPnnphm XpSn. CXnemWv
\nfpsS awKfsah ]dpXpSn. Bfp
I Chp hiwhZcmbtm Ch sXp
Ifnepw hnjbmknbnepw \nacmhpIbpw
Bn]w CS b s\ sbhw Bfp I
Chsc A\pkcnpIbpw sNbvXp. hnZy, _ew,
_pn, ]cm{Iaw, iucyw, hocyw apXemb ip`
Kp W sfmw \jv S am bn. hnj bm k cm bn,
amwkaZytkh\w tKm]yambn Bcw`np.
hmaamw] "a' Imcw
Chcn Hcph hmaamKw m]np. inh
DhmN, ]mhXyphmN. ss`ch DhmN Fn
s\ ]e t]cpI FgpXn X{sap t]cpw
sImSp p. AXn FgpXn hn cn p
hnNn{X eoeIfpsS DZmlcWw t\mq:
1. aZyw amwkwN ao\wN ap{Zm ssaYp\
tahN GtX ]aImcmx kyptamcvZm ln
bptK bptK
22
2. {]hrtss`choNt{I kcvthhcvWm
ZznPm Xbx \nhr t ss` choNt{I kcv th
hcvWmx ]rYIv ]rYIv
23
3. ]oXzm ]oXzm ]p\x ]oXzm bmhXv]
XXn `qXte ]p\ cp mb ssh ]oXzm
]p\cvP \ hnZytX
24
4. amXrtbm\nw ]cnXyPy hnltccvh
tbm\njp.
5. thZimkv{X]pcmWn kmam\y KWnIm
Ch GssIh imw`hoap{Zm Kp]vXm Ipeh
[qcnh
25
1. Cu AokpIfmb t]mmcpsS Ifn
I t\mpI, henb A[fpw thZhn
cpfmb {]hrnIsfbmWv Cu hmaamKn
I t{ijv T m cmbn Icp Xn bn cp Xv . aZyw,
amwkw, ayw, ap{Z AYhm hnhn[mIrXnI
fn hdppmp ]elmcfpw tbm\n
]m{X[mcap{Zbpw, ssaYp\w AYhm ]pcpj
m scmw inh mcpw kv {XoI sfmw ]mh
XnamcpamsWp [cnv Alw ss`chkvXzw
ss`cho lymhtbmckvX kwKax
26
F
AYanm hN\hpw sNmn kv{Xo]pcpj
21. kmwJyZi\w 3.7981.
22. ImfoX{w
23. IpemWhX{w 8.96.
24. IpemWhX{w 7.100
25. m\ke\n X{w
26. Rm ss`ch \o ss`chn \mancph
XnemIs kwKaw.
216
m kwKanpI Fnhbnsemp t]mepw
tZmjamsWv hmaamKnI hnNmcnnn.
kv ]in p hm t]mepw ]mSn m \oN
kv{XoIsf Ch AXn]cnipIfmbn KWn
pp. DZmlcWn\v kv]inm t]mepw
]mSnsv imkv{Xw hnep cPkzeIsf
hmaamKnI AXn]hn{XIfmbn ImWpp.
Ah cpsS hmbn tXmn b tImX mv
tIpI
cPkzem ]pjvIcw XocvYw NWvUmeoXp
kzbwImin. NcvaImco {]bmKx, kym{ZPIo
aYpcmaXm Atbm[ym ]pkn t{]mm
27
cPkzeambp kamKaw ]pjvIc kv\m\
XpeyamWv. NWvUmen kamKaamIs Imin
bm{Xbpw. ]dnbpambp kamKaw {]bmK
kv\m\hpw, cPIbpambp kamKaw aYpcm
bm{Xbpw Imm f n bp am bp kam Kaw
Atbm[ym Xokv\m\hpw t]msebmWv.
aZy n\v XoYw, amwk n\v ipn,
]pjv ]w, ay n\v XrXo b, Pe Xpw _n I,
ap{Zbvv NXpYn, ssaYp\n\v ]an Fn
s\ amcpw a\nemmXncnm thn
KqV \m a fpw \In bn cn p p. Iuf,
B{Z ho c, imw` h, KWw apX emb
t]cpI kzbw \evInbnpapv. hmaamKnI
fmhsc II, hnapJ, ipjvI, ]ip
FsmamWv hnfnpXv.
2. ss`c ho N{Iw XpS n bm AXns]
Sp {_mW apX NWvUme hsc ZznP
\mWv. AXpIgnm Hmtcmcpcpw Ahc
hcpsS hWfntep aSpp.
3. ss`cho N{I n hma amKn I
\netm ]eItatem Hcp _nphnv Nppw
{XntImWw, NXpcw, hrw Fnh hcbvp
p. AXn IpIpSw hv AXp ]qPnpp.
]ns "{_im]w hntamNY' F a{w
sNmpp. It! \o {_mZnIfpsS im]
n \nv apamIq. Fw. hmaamKn
Ifmhpw {]thi\anm Hcp KqV
ev kv{Xo]pcpjm HpIqSpp. ]pcp
jm Hcp kv{Xosb \bmnbpw kv{XoI
Hcp ]pcp js\ \ \m nbpw ]qPn p p.
]noSv BcpsSsbnepw `mcytbm, kztam
A\ystbm aItfm Atbm, s]tfm,
]p{X`mcytbm Bscnepsamw hp tNcpp.
Fnv Hcp ]m{Xn aZyhpw asmn ]
mhS apXembhbpw FSpphbvpp. Ah
cpsS BNmcy Ip]m{Xw FSppbn
smv ss`cthmlw inthmlw Rm ss`c
h\mWv inh\mWv Fp ]dsImv IpSn
pp. AtX Fnm{Xn Xs Fm
hcpw IpSnpp. A\cw BcpsSsbnepw
`mcy tbtbm GsX n epw thiy tbtbm
Asn ]pcp j t\tbm \ amn tZhn
AYhm almtZh Fp t]cnv ssIbn
hm sImSpv, Kp]vtX{nb]qP \Spp.
]ns tZhntm alm tZ ht\m aZy N jIw
\Ipp. AXn\p tijw AtX ]m{Xn
Fmhcpw Hmtcm ]m{Xw IpSnbvpp. hopw
CXm hn p p. Cs\ IpSn p Ip Snv
shfnhp sIv , BcpsS s] tfm, aIt\m
Atbm BIs btYjv Sw IpI
sNpp. Nnetmsgmw elcn aqv ASn]n
Snbpw, elfbpw Iqpw ]nSnhenbpw \S
pw. Nne Onpp. Iqnse XnI
AtLmcn AYhm kn AXpw `np If
bpp. ChcpsS almkns tbmKyXIsf
n ]mSpXns\bmWv:
lmemw ]n _ Xn Zo n X ky a n tc,
kp]vtXm \nimbmw KWnIm Krtljp hncm
PtX Iufh N{Iho!
ZonXsIpISmcshon sNv
IpnWn\v IpSnbvpI, thiym Krl
fn sNv IpIa sNbvXv InSpdp
I. apXemb Imcy \neambpw \n
ambpw sNpbmfmWv hmaamKnIfn N{I
hn Xp ey \m bn cn p Xv . alm Zp jv Ian
Ah cn h\pw ap\pw \ sN p Ibpw
No Imcysf `bsSpIbpw sNpbm
sNdnbh\pamWv! Fsm.
]mi_tm `thohx ]miapx kZm
inhx
28
temIe, imkv{Xe, Ipee, tZi
e apX emb ]mi fm _n X
Poh\pw ebnmsX ZpjvIa sNp
h kZminh\pw BsWv X{ ]d
27. cp{Zbmae X{w 28. m\ke\oX{w tmIw 43.
217
bpp.
DUvVokX{w apXembhbn Hcp {]tbm
Khn[nbpv. Hcp hoSn\v \mep hihpw Be
b thWw. Ahbn Hmtcmnepw aZy
Ipw ` hn cn Ww. Hcp Be b n
\nv Hcp Ipn aZyw IpSnnv at Bebn
sNWw. AhnsS\npw Hcp Ipn IpSnWw.
Fnv aqm a t Xnepw \mem a t Xnepw
sNv Hmtcm Ipn IpSnWw. \nv IpSnp
IpSnv shnbacw hogpw t]mse hogpXp
hsc IpSnWw. ap hnm hopw CXp
t]mse hogp Xp hsc IpSn Ww. aqmw
{]mhiyhpw CXpt]mse IpSnp hoWv, Fgp
t ev p h\v ]p\w Cm Xm hpw.
hmkv Xhw ]d m C s\ bp h\v
hopw a\pjyPw e`npXp Xs hnj
aamWv. Ah \oNtbm\nIfn P\nv hfsc
mew IjvSsSpw.
4. hmanIfpsS X{ {Kfnse \nbaw
Asb HgnsI asmcp kv{Xosbbpw hnpIf
bcpsXmWv. aIfmIs, ktlmZcnbmIs,
Fmhcpambpw kwKaw sNWw. Cu hma
amKnIfpsS ZialmhnZyI Ip{]knamWv.
Ahbnsemmb amXMvKo hnZymc ]dbp
Xv amXca]n \ XytPXv' Asbtmepw
kamKsat\y hnpIfbcpsXmWv. kwtbm
Kthfbn kv{Xo]pcpjm \apv CjvSkn
nbpmIs Fp a{w P]n p Ibpw
thWw. Cs\ {`mcpw alm aqUmcpamb
BfpI temIn Xptemw Ipdhmbncnpw.
5. AkXyw {]Ncnnm\m{Klnph
kXys \nnpIXs sNpw. hmaamKn
I ]dbpXp t\mq. thZ imkv{X
]pcmW Fnhsbmw km[mcW
thiysbtmsebmWv. hmaamKnIfpsS ap{Z
bmb imw`hn am{Xta AP\n\p Xpey
bmbnpq.
thZfpw kmn
Ch thZhncpamb aXamWv \Sn hcp
nbXv. {ItaW ChcpsS aXn\pw {]Nmcw
e`nm XpSn. Atm sImcpXmbvabn
eqsS thZfpsS t]cp ]dv ]e eoeIfpw
BSnpSn. AXmbXv v
29
""ku{XmaWymw
kpcmw ]nt_ Xv , t{]mnXw ` tb mw
kw
30
, sshZnIolnwkm lnwkm \ `hXn''
31
\ amwk `tW tZmtjm \ atZy \ N
ssaYpt\, {]hr n tcjm `qXm\mw \nhr
nkvXp alm êm
32
ku{XmaWn bn aZyw IpSnWw.
CXns AYw C{]ImcamWv. ku{XmaWn
bn tkmaeX ]ngnsSp \ocv
IpSnWw. t{]mnXamb
33
amwkw b
n `nWw. Cs\sbmap ]mac
Xm ]qW amb Imcy fmWv hma amKn I
{]NcnnXv. AhtcmSv tNmZntXv C{]
ImcamWv ""sshZnI lnwk, lnwkbsn
\nsbpw \ns IpSpw _mw K sfbpw
sImp tlmanm FmWp XctSv?''
amwk`Ww, aZy]m\w, ]ckv{XoKa\w
apXembh tZmjanmXmsWp ]dbpXv
_men i am Wv . PohnIsf ]oUn n msX
amwkw e`nn. A]cm[w sNmXns\
]oUnnpXv [manIhpa. aZy]m\amIs
khYm \njnhpamWv. hmaamKnIfptSX
m {K fn sempw AXp hn[n n n
sp am{Xa \ntj[nntbpq. hnhmlw
sNmsX ssaYp\hpw tZmjapXmWv. AXn
\m CsXmw \ntmjamsWp ]dbp
hcnemWv tZmjw.
bhpw lnwkbpw
Cs\sbmap hN\ EjnamcpsS
{Kfn Iqntv At\Iw EjnamcpsS
t]cn {Kfpw Dmn. tKmta[w, Aiz
ta[w apXemb bfpw sNm\mcw`np.
Cu arKsf sImv bw \Snbm
bPam\\pw arKn\pw kzKw Inpsapw
]dp ]cn. Cs\sbmcp [mcW ]c
p hm ImcWw {_mW {K fnse
Aiz ta [w, tKmta [w, \c ta[w apX emb
kwIfpsS icnbmb Aw AdnbmbvI
bmWv. Adnbmambncpsn Cu A\Y
29. kpcmh hm Gj _cvlnjZv btm bZv
ku{XmaWo F iX]Y hN\hp(12.1.3.7)ambn
XmcXayw sNpI.
30. a\p.5.27.
31. bmthZhnlnXm lnwkm\nbXm f kvan NcmNtc F
a\pkvarXn`mKhpambn (5.44) XmcXayw sNpI.
32. a\pkvarXn 5.5.6
33. tlmanXns AhinjvSw
218
fpmnbsXn\mWv?
tNmZyw: Aizta[w, tKmta[w, \cta[w
apXembhbpsS AYsamWv?
Dcw: Ah bpsS AYw ]dbmw:
cmjv{Sw hm Aizta[x
34
Awln Kux
35
Ancvhm Aizw
36
BPyw ta[x
37
(iX]
Y{_mWn \nv) IpXnc, ]ip apXemb
Ppsf sImv bw \Sphm Fpw
]d n n . hma amKn I fpsS {K fn
am{Xta Ccw A\Y FgpXnhnpq.
Fp am{Xa, hmaamKnIfmWv CXnsbpw
Bcw`w IpdnXv. FhnsSsbmw CXnt\n
FgpXnbnptm AhnsSsbmw hmaamKnI
AhnjvSsXv Ien FgpXnbnpapv.
cmPmhv \ymb[afm {]Pm]me\w sNp
Xpw, bP am \ hnZym Zm\w sNp Xpw
Anbn s\pw apw tlmanpXpw Aiz
ta[amWv. Aw, C{nb, IncW,
]rYnhn apXembhsb ]cnipambn hbvp
XmWv tKmta[w. a\jys arXtZlw hn[n
{]Imcw Zlnnp IfbpXv \cta[amWv.
tNmZyw: bw sNbvXm bPam\\pw
arKn\pw kzKw e`npsapw tlmam\
cw arKns\ Pohnnpsapw ]dbp
Xv t\cmtWm?
Dcw: Iw. kzK n tep t]mIp
sap ]dbphsc sImv tlmanv kzK
nebbvWw. Asn AhcpsS {]nb
s amXmhv, ]nXmhv, `mcy, ]p{Xm apXemb
hsc sImv kzKnebbvmsXmWv?
Asn thZnbn \nv Ahsc Pohnn
msXv?
tNmZyw: bw sNptm thZa{
sNmmdpv. thZfnsn ]ns
FhnSpmWv sNmpXv?
Dcw: a{ w sNmp Xn \n v
Bscbpw hne p n . Fs m a{w
i_v Z am Wv . Fm AXn \Yw arKs
sImp tlm an W sa .
38
Atb
kzmlm
39
apX emb a{ fpsS AYw
""Anbn lhnkv ]pjvSnbvpw apw Imc
Wamb s\pw av Da {Zhyfpw tlmanv
hmbp, hrjv Sn, Pew apX em b hsb ip
amn PK n\v kuJy Im c W am pp''
FmWv. Cu kXymsf B aqVm
a\nempn. Fsm kzmY_pn
Ifmbh tIhew kzmYw t\SpXnep]cn
asmpw AdnbpItbm hIhbvpItbm C.
_u ssP\cpsS Dhw
Cu t]mmcpsS C{]Imcap A\mNm
c Ipw acn hp thn sNp
XW {immZnI Ipw thZmZnimkv{X
sf \nnpXpw alm`bchpamb _u
AYhm ssP\aXw {]Nmcn hp. Cu
tZi n tKmc Jv ]q cmPm hn \p m bn cp
sp tInpv. Atls sImv t]m
m bw \S n p. At l n s
dmWnsb IpXncbpambn kamKaw sNnXn
t\XpSv Ah acnp. cmPmhv hnc\mbn
]p{X\v cmPyw \evInbXn\p tijw kw\yknv
t]mmcpsS I c shfn hm m
XpSn.
CXns imJbmbnmWv NmhmIw A`m
WIw Fo aXfpmbXv. Ahcpmnb
tmI fm Wnh:
1. ]ipivtNnlXx kzcvKw tPymXnjvtSm
tamKanjyXn kz]nXmbPamt\\ X{XIYw
\ lnwkytX.
34. 13.1.6 3
35. 4.3.1.25
36. 3,6.2.5.
37. tat[m hm BPyav 13.3.6.2.
38. BZnImte Jep btjp ]ihx kame`\obm
_`qhpx \mew`mb {]{Inbt kva, XtXm Z
b {]XyhcImew at\mx ]p{XmWmw \cn
jym `mtKzmIp\rK icymXymZo\w N ]iq\m
tahm`y\pm\mXv ]ihx t{]mWam]px
(AXn]pcmX\Imev arKsf kv]inpI
am{Xta sNbvXncppp, h[nncpn. ]noSv
ZbmKtijw a\phns \cnjyXv apXemb ]p{X
m, ""bn arKh[w thWsav thZhn
[nbpsv'' ]dpsImv arKsf
t{]mWw sNbvXp h[nm\mcw`np. (NcIkw
lnX, NnInmm\w 194) NcIkwlnXbnse
Cu DcWn \nv cp Imcy kv]jvS
amWv. 1. {]mNo\ Imev bn arKh[w
Cmbncpp. (2) ]noSv bn arK_enbpw
thWsap thZhn[nbpsv sXn[cnmWv arK
_en \Sm Bcw`nXv.
39. bPqthZw 10, 522 6, 27
219
2. arXm \manl Pq\mw {imw tNr
]vXnImcWav KXmanl Pq\mw hycvYw
]mtYbIev]\av
1. arKssmv Anbn tlmanm,
AXv kzKn t]mIpsan kzw ]nXm
hns\bpw apw bPam\ FpsImv sImv
kzKtbpn?
2. acn h cpsS Xr]v Xn p thn {imw,
XWw apX em bh \S p hm Ign bp sa
n, bm{X t]mIphcpsS hgnnehn\p
hI IcpXnsmp t]mIpXv hyamWv.
Fs m acn h cpsS Xr]v Xn p thn
{imhpw X Whpw sNp Xp sImv
shhpw tNmdpw Ahp e`npsan ]c
tZip Pohnncnphtm bm{XsNp
htm honse ASp f bn ]mIw
sNbv Xp hnf n hv Inn bn shhpw
hm FpsImmWv e`nmXv? ZqctZ
ip Pohnphtm ]phmc AIse
bp htm Inm Xv acn p t]m b hv
Hcnepw InpIbnXs.
AhcpsS C{]Imcw bpnknamb D]tZ
i BfpI kXnp XpSnbtm
Ah cpsS aXhpw A`n hr n s p. At\Iw
cmPm mcpw `qhp S a Ifpw Ah cpsS aXw
kzoIcnp XpSnbtm t]mhIamcpw
Atmp Nmp. aSnoe \ndbp hgnt
Ah t]mhp I bp q htm? s]s h
ssP\cmbn. ssP\mcnepw t]mpIfnI Ht
sdbpv. AXnt\n 12mw kapmkn
FgpXmw. hfsct AhcpsS aXw kzoIcn
p. Fm ]X`mK, Imin, I\ymIp
_vPw, ]naZnW tZi FnhnS
fnse BfpI Gsdsbmpw ssP\aXmcm
bn.
ssP\n I thZmw a\ n em m sX,
t]mpIfnbnse _mlymUw_c thZt{]m
amsWp [cnv thZ\n Bcw`np. ]T\
]mT\, btm]hoX[mcWw, {_N
cymZn \nba apXembhtbbpw \innp.
Innb {Xbpw sshZnI{K \innp. `c
Wm[nImcw ssIhtm Bcymsc D]{Z
hnp. `bhpw ibpw CmXmbtm Ah
cpsS aXm h ew _n I fmb Krl m scbpw
kw\ymknIsfbpw ]qPnpIbpw Bcy[am
hew_nIsf ]]mX]qw innpIbpw
sNbv Xp t]m p. kpJ ku I cy tfm Sp IqSn
KhnjvTcmbn, Ahcs\ hnekn. Ej`tZ
h apX almhoc hscbp XoYcm
cpsS h{]XnaIfpmn ]qPnm\mcw`np.
inebnepw apap hn{KlfpsS ]qP XpS
nbXv ssP\cn \nmWv. Cuizchnizmkn
I Ipdp. hn{Klmcm[IcpsS Fw s]cp
In. As\ apqtdmfw hjw Bcymh
n ssP\ cmPyw \ne \np thZm
m\w anhmdpw CmXmbn. CXp Ignn
ntm cmbncnbqdv hjamsbv
A\pam\nmw.
icmNmcycpsS Bhn`mhw
cm bn c n bn cp qdp hjw apv
40
{ZmhnU tZiob {_m W \pw, ss\jv TnI
{_Nmcnbpw thZmZnkhimkv{Xm`ymknbpw
Bb icmNmcy F tZlw Cs\ Nnn
m \m cw `n p. ""Atlm Ijv Sw! kXyhpw
Bkv Xn I hp amb thZ a X ns tem]hpw
ssP\ cpsS \mkv Xn I a X ns {]Nm chpw
alm\miw hcpnhncnpp. Chsc F
s\sbnepw AIWw.'' icmNmcy imkv{X
am{Xa. ssP\{Kfpw ]Tnncpp.
40. {ioicmNmcycpsS Imesn ]e A`n{]mb
fpapv. ]mmXy Ncn{X ]WvUnX\ymcpw
AhcpsS A\pbmbnIfmb BMvtfmCy
_pnIfpw Ctbvv 1200 hjw apmWv
{ioics PohnXImesa ]cmWv.
Zbm\aljn ZWvUn]ccm\mb
k\ymknbmbncpp. almhnZzm\pw. Atln\v
`mcXob k\ymkn]csb]n Adnhnmbncp
stm hnIeamb Adnth Dmbncpp
stm hnNmcnpXv Ghpw IpdXv
AhnthIsanepamWv. k\ymknam Znhtk\
kzw Kpcp]ccbpsS \maw sNmpw. ]pjv]m
ensbmWv CXn\pt]cv. Cu {]IcWn
{ioics injym hmWncp aTsfn ]d
bpnSv imcZmaTsnbpw ]dbppv. Ahn
Sps hwimhensbn "{ioimcZm]oThwim\p
amXrIm' F t]cn `h\Kdnse kckzXo ap{Zm
Webn ASnv {]knw sNbvX ]pkvXI
n\nv {]kamb `mKw ChnsS ]In,
XPabpw FgpXmw.
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2648 ImnIw I. {]Yabvv aWvU\an{is ]Xv\n
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apX ZnKznPbatlmhcmw`w CXn\nsS 2653 {imhWw
sh k]vXanpw Bizn\w sh. GImZinpw t{XmSI
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tep \ntbmKw. 2655 sshimJw sh. ]anbn
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kZp]tZiw. A\mZnbmb hWm{ia hnlnXamb sshZn
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nemsWp sXfnbpp. bp[njvTnc kwhcw Ien
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5126 Bbn. AX\pkcnv 2494 hjhpw 11 amkhpw 1
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pp. ImatImSn ]oTnse Kpcp ]ccbn {io i
cs Pw Ienhjw 2593semWv ImWpXv. CXn
t\mSv 38 Iqptmgpw 2631 bp[njvTnchjw Inpw. cpw
Xn hyXymkw C. kp[\zmcmPmhns t]cpI iI
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bn cp p. Chsc F s\ b I p sa tlw
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n hp. Amev AhnsS kp[\zmcm
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cp n . hnZzm \m sW n Abm kXym
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kp[\zm cmPmhn\v henb hnZzmmcmb D]
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thZ a X kr jv Sn bpsS Im hmbn A\m Zn
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m hmWv PK ns Im hv . Poh\pw
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Xs ambbm PKpmn, Ah Xs
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{]]hpw kz]v\w t]mse anYybmWv. Cuiz
c Xs Fm cq]fpsaSpv eoebmSp
p. F aXambncpp icmNmcycptSXv .
hfsc \mfpI Cu imkv{Xmw XpSs
nepw bpn sImpw {]mam Ww sImpw
ssP\nIfpsS aXw JWvUnsSpIbpw i
cm Nm cy aXw AJ Wv Un X am bn cn p Ibpw
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sNbvXp.
sshZnI [tammcWw
Ap ap X Fm hcpw btm ] hoXw
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bn \np Isp [zwknXamb ssP\
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t\bpw Atlw JWvUnp. hmaamKtbpw
JWvUnp.
41
Amev cmPyv Afh
[\w Dmbncpp. kztZi`nbpw Dmbn
41. CXn sshjvWh ssih imkuc{]apJmsc
sbXnp IogSn {ZpXapbn\o]pcw Kanm
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15.76 {io. Sn. kp{_Wy Xncpapns
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cmb icmNmcym ]npScpsXXv
AXymcyIcw Xs!
222
cpp. ssP\t{Xsfmpw icmNmcytcm
kp[\zmthm XIm\\phZnn. Ahbn
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m sImSpXns
42
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p. Atm Fmhcpw \ncpmlnIfmbn.
DmtInbcp hnZym{]Nmcw DmbXpan
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em bh injy m {]N cn n m XpS n.
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n Dmnb {_w kXyw, PKnYy, Poh
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knm n anYy sbv ]d bp sX n s\
bmWv?
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p {]XoXamIpXns\
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s\ {]XoXamIpw?
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kn A[ymtcm]w Fp ]dbpsXns\
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kx.
44
A[ymtcm]m]hmZm`ymw \njv{]]w
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cpw sImv {]]clnX{_n {]]
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kn: Ibdv hkvXphmsWpw kw Ah
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Fn kw AhkvXp AmXmbncnpp.
Cw XqWn a\p jy, Nnn tm Sn
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\. th: Hcnepw ImWmXpw tIm
Xpw kw` hn m Xpw kz]v \ n
ImWpp. Xs incv s]mn, Xm Icp
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42. A`n\ntjhnX, A`n\nthi Fo \mkvXnI
tIZmc\mYnhv {ioic\v hnjw \In.
(sFXnlmknI \nco `mKw 2, icmNmcy
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Cuizc\msX asmpw C F hmZw Iptd
kzoImcyw. hnp apfv hfcptm appthen
sIn kwcnpXpt]mse F \ymbkq{Xw
(4.2.50) A\pkcnv
44. thZmkmcw JUw6
45. A\p`qXn{]Imiw118
223
Ipp. Chsbms Fs\ kXyamIpw?
kn: C d knm hpw \n fpsS
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Ibpw sNmsX kwkvImcw
46
Dmhpn.
kwkv Im c an msX kv arXn bpw, kv arXn bn
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I bm sW ns CXp Rm IXpw
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ns {]XoXnbpmhpIbn. Ibdns
n kns {]XoXnbpmhpIbn.
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kn: {_n PKns {]XoXn Dm
bXmv?
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kn: Poh FhnSppmbn?
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kn: Am\w FhnSppmbn? FhnSn
cnpp?
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kn: {_n {_ns Am\
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Am\w DmbXmmWv?
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kn: NnZm`mkns kzcq]samWv?
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kn: As\ ad p Xn s \nan sa
mWv?
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kn: AhnZy khhym]nbpsSbpw kh
sbpw KpWtam AtXm Aev ]
stbm?
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kn: Atm \nfpsS A`n{]mbn
Hcp A\ kh ssNX\ys IqSmsX
cmasXmcp tNX\w Dtm Ctbm? Aev]
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46. kwkvImcw FXn\v Hcp hkvXphns\
kw_n {]mYanI m\w FYw.
224
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thZ\ icocmwKsfsbmw Xfnfbpw.
CXpt]mse {_hpw. HcnSv Am\nbpw
ti bp hp am bmkh{X Am \
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\.th: CsXmw D]m[nbpsS [aamWv.
{_ntX.
kn: D]m[n PUtam tNX\tam? kXytam
AkXytam?
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AXv PUtam tNX \tam kXytam Ak
Xytam Fp ]dbpI h.
kn: CdbpXv "hZtXm hymLmXx'bvp
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bpsS ASppsImpsNv CXp kzWtam
]nftbm Fp ampcpt\mn ]dbm Bh
iysSptm ""CXp kzWaspw ]nf
bspw ]dbpI h. cpapnXn'' Fp
]dbpXpt]msebmWnXv.
\. th: t\mq! LSmImiw, aTmImiw,
taLmImiw Fnh alZmImin\v D]m
[nbmbncnpXpt]mse, AXmbXv LSw,
aTw, taLm Imiw Fnh D Xn \m
BImiw sht sd bm sWp tXmp sa
nepw Fmw alZmImiw XsbmWtm.
A s\ Xs amb, Ahn Zy, ka jv Sn,
hyjvSn, AxIcWw Fo D]m[nIfm
Am\nIv {_w shtsdbmsWp
tXmpsanepw hmkvXhn HpXs
bmWv. Cu {]amWnsep ]dbpsp
t\mq
AncyssYtIm`qh\w {]hnjvtSm cq]w
cq]w {]Xncqt]m _`qh GIkvXYm kcvh
`qXmcmm cq]w cq]w {]Xncqt]m _ln

47
.
\oXv, hoXnbpXv, DcpXv, sNdnb
Xv, henbXv Fns\ BIrXnt`Zap
]ZmYfn hym]np Anv AXmXv
BIrXn e`npsanepw AsXmpw An
bpsS BIr Xn b m Xn cn p Xp t]mse,
khhym]I\mb ]cammhv AxIcWm
Zn I fn hym]n v Ax I c Wm IrXn
ssIsmpsnepw Ahbn \nv `n
\mbncnpp.
k: \nfo ]dbpXpw shdpsXbmWv.
LSw, aTw, taLw, BImiw Fnh `n
fmsWv hnNmcnpXpt]mse ImcWIm
cycq]amb PKv, Poh Fnh {_n
\npw {_w Chbn \npw `namsWp
[cnpsImpI.
\. th: An Fmnepw {]thinv
AXm Xns AIr Xn ssI sm p Xp
t]mse ImWpp. CXpt]mse ]cammhpw
PU Pohm Zn I fn hym]nv Hmtcmtcm
BIrXn ssIsm p Xmbn Am \n
Ipw tXmpp. bYmYn {_w
PUhpa, Poh\pa. kqcy Htbps
nepw Bbncw \ndIpSfn Bbncw {]Xn
_nw_w ImWmw. IpSanmXmbmtem, shw
HgpIncmtem kqcy \inpItbm, Hgp
In c p Itbm sNp n . AXp t]mse
AxIcWn {_ns B`mkwNn
Zm`mkw Fp ]dbpXv ]XnncnbmWv.
Ax I c W ap n S tmfw Imew Poh
\papv. m\wsImv AxIcWw \jvS
amIptm Poh {_kzcq]amIpp. Cu
NnZm `m ks X\nv kzbw kn amb
{_kzcq]ns Am\ImcWambpw,
t`mmhmbpw, kpJnbpw, ZpxJnbpw, ]m]n
bpw, ]pWy hm\pw P\ \ a c W ap h\pw
Bbn Btcm]np{Xbpw Imew kmwkm
cnI _n \np ap\mIpn.
kn: \nfpsS Cu DZmlcWhpw AYap
X . Fs m, kqcy\pw IpS n\pw
BIrXnbpv. kqcy IpSn \npw IpSw
kqcy \n \npw `n amIbmemWv {]Xn
_nw_w DmIpXv. \ncmImcfmsWn
{]Xn_nw_w DmhpIbn. ]cammhv \ncm
Imc\pw BImiw t]mse khhym]nbpamI
bm GsXnepw hkvXp {_n \ntm,
{_w GsXnepw hkvXphn \ntm thdn
47. ItTm]\njXv 5.9
225
XmIm h. hym]yhym]I _m
HmIm\pw h. AXmbXv A\zbhyXntcI
`mth\ t\mp tm hym]y hym ] I
Hmbpw kZm sht sd bmbpw Ccn p p.
HmsWn, AXn Hcnepw hym]yhym
]I_w DmhpItbbn. CXv _rlZmc
Wy I nse A cym ao {_m lv aW n
kv]jvSambn FgpXnbnpv.
48
IqSmsX {_
ns "B`mkhpw' {]Xn_nw_nn. BIr
XnbnmXn\p {]Xn_nw_w DmhpI Akw
`hy am Wv . Ax I c tWm ]m [n sImv
{_s Poh\mbn ImWpIbmsWmsW
n shdpw _meni hmpIfmWnh. Ax
IcWw NenpXpw JWvUhpw , {_w AN
ehpw AJWvUhpamWv. \n CXn\pcw
]dbq : Fhn sS sbmw Ax I cWw
t]mIptam Ahn sS sb m ap {_s
Am\nbpw, FhnsSsbmw shSnbptam
AhnsSsbmap {_s m\nbpw
BpIbnt? {]Imin\Snbnep IpS
\op Xn \ \p k cnv {]Imiw ambp Ibpw
sXfnbpIbpw sNpXpt]mse AxIcWw
{]XnWw {_s m\nbpw Am
\nbpw _\pw ap\pw Bn sm n cn
pw. AJWvUamb {_ns HcnSpm
Ip BhcWin FmbnSpw DmIp
Xn\m {_w apgph Am\nbmIpw.
Fsm AXv tNX\amWv, IqSmsX aYp
cbn hv AxIcWnep {_w I
hkvXphns Hma AtX AxIcWnep
{_ n\v Imin bn hv Dm hp I bn .
A\yZrjv S at\ym \ kv acXn F \ymb
m Hcph IXns\ asmcph\v Hman
pI h. aYpcbn I NnZm`mkw Imin
bn Ctm a[pcbnep AxIcWn\v
{]Im i ap m n bXv Imin bnse {_ a .
{_amWv Poh. asm Fp hcnIn
Poh kh\mbncnWw. {_ns
{]Xn_nw_w thsdbmsWn {]Xn`nX
ap p I Xn sbpw tI Xn sbpw Adn hv
Bpw DmhpIbn. {_w GIambpsIm
mWv kv ac W bp m Ip sX n Hcp
ev Am\hpw ZpxJhpw Dmbm
{_w apgph\pw Am\hpw ZpxJhpw Dm
IWw. Ccw DZmlcWsImv \nXy
ip _p ap kz`m hn bmb {_s
\n AipAm\_mZn tZmj
fpXmnopIfp. AJWvUs
JWvUfmpIbpw sNbvXp.
\. th: \ncm Im c n sbpw B`mkw
Dm Ip p. Im Sn bnepw Pe nepw
BImiw {]Xn ^ en m dpv \oe hW
ntem aphn[ntem Kwòchpw Kl\hp
ambn ImW s Sp p. AXp t]mse {_
ns NnZm`mkw Fm AxIcWnepw
]Xnbpp.
kn: BIm i n\v cq]ta Cm Xp
sImv, AXv In\p hnjba. ImWpItb
Cm Xns\ Im Sn bntem sh ntem
atm Fs\ ImWpw? Kwòcamtbm AKm[
amtbm ImWp hkvXp kmImcamWv. \ncm
Imca.
\. th: ]ns, apIfn \oenp ImWp
Xpw ImSnbnepw Penepw {]Xn_nw
_npXpw Fp hkvXphmWv?
kn: AXv `qan bn \np ]d p b
shw, av, An, FnhbpsS {XktcWp
fmWv. ag DmIpnSv shansn
]ns FhnSpv agbpmIpw? AXn\m AI
sebIse IqSmcw t]mse ImWpXp Pecm
inbmIpp. aqS av Zqsc \np t\mp
tm hncfambpw Anv Iqw t]msebpw
ImWp Xp t]mse bm Wv . BIm i n
shw ImWsSpXv.
49
\. th: RfpsS cq kw, kz]v\w
XpSnb ZrjvSm anYybmsWtm?
kn: A, \nfpsS AdnhmWv anYysbp
t\cs ]dp.
50
icn, Am\w BZyw
BmWpmIpsXp ]dbq.
\. th: {_n\v.
kn: {_w Aev]t\m kht\m?
\. th: kh\pa. Aev]\pa
. Fs m, kh Xzhpw D]m [n
48. _rlZmcWyI D]\njv 3.7
49. t]Pv 369epw Cu hnjbw N sNbvXnpv.
50 t]Pv.....
226
tbmSp IqSnbXnte DmhpIbpq.
kn: D]m[ntbmSp IqSnbh BcmWv?
\. th: {_w
kn: Atm {_w Xs bm Wtm
kh \p w Aev ] \p w BbXv ?
As\bmsWn khXzhpw Aev]
Xzhpw {_n\nsv \n \ntj
[np ]dsXv? D]m[n shdpw Iev]nXw
AYhm anYy bm sW n B Iev ] \ bpsS
Imhmcv?
\. th: Poh {_tam aphXptam?
kn: asm m Wv . Fs m, Poh
{_w Xs sb n anYym Iev ] \ bpsS
Imhp {_w XsbmsWp hpIqSpw.
As\ hcm hgnbn. BcpsS Iev]\ anYy
bmtWm Ah Hcnepw kXykzcq]\mbn
cnm\pw Xcan.
\. th: kXyhpw Ak Xyhpw anYy bm
sWp R hnNmcnpp. hmpI
DcnbmSpXpw anYyXs.
kn: \n Iw ]dbphcpw kzoIcn
phcpw BsWn FpsImv Im
c?
\. th: hcs! AkXyhpw kXyhpw \
fn XsbmWp Iev]nXw. \mw cnsbpw
kmnbpw A[njvTm\hpamWv.
kn: \n kXynsbpw AkXyn
sbp w B[m c am sW n , I\p w
kmnbpw Hcm fm bXp t]mse bm bn. AXn
\m \n {]mam Wn I c . kZm kXyw
kzoI cn p Ibpw ]d bp Ibpw {]hn p
Ibpw sNp BfmWv {]mamWnI. \n
fpsS hmv \n Xs AkXyamptm
\n X\nsb anYymhmZnIfmbnocpp.
\. th: A\m Zn bmb amb {_s
B{i bn p Ibpw, {_s Bh cWw
sNpXpamb ambsb \nfwKoIcnp
pthm Ctbm?
kn: AwKo I cn p n . Fs m
\n amb bv Yw ]d bp Xv , ""Cm
hkv Xp hnfpXv '' FmWtm. lrZb
p s]mn b ht\ CXw Ko I cn m \m hq.
Cm hkvXp Dsp tXmpI XnIpw
Akw ` hy am Wv . hy bpsS ]p{Xs {]Xn
_nw_w Hcn epw Dm hn . ""kqemx
tkmtayamx {]Pmx''
51
XpSnb OmtmKy
hN\p hncpamWodbpsXmw.
\. th: \ntfm hnZzmmcmb hkn
jvT, icmNmcy XpSn \neZmk
hsc bp h Fgp Xn b Xn s\ \n
JWvUnppthm? hknjvT. icmNmcy
\niv NeZmk XpSnbhcmWv Gsd ]Wv Un
Xmscv Rp tXmpp.
kn: \n hnZzmt\m AhnZzmt\m?
\. th: \fpw Hp hnZzm Xs.
kn: Fn, hkn jv T, i cm Nm cy,
\n e Zm k Fn h cpsS ]w \psS
apn kaYn p I. \ JWv U\w
sNmw. BcpsS ]w knnppthm AXv
t{ijv Tw. Ah cp tSbpw \n fp sSbpw hmZw
AJWvU\obamsWn, AhcpsS hmZapJ
sImv \ptSXns\ FpsImp JWv
Unpn? Atmgt \nfpsSbpw Ahcp
sSbpw hmZw am\yamhq?
icmNmcycpw apw ssP\nIsf JWvUn
pXn\pthnbmWv Cu aXw kzoIcnsX
\p am \n Ww. tZi Im em \p kr X ambn
kz w ]w m]n p Xn \p th n
kzmYnIfmb hfsc hnZzmm kzw B
m\n\p hn]coXambn {]hnmdp
tm. IqSmsX Cu Imcysf, AXmbXv Poth
izsscIyw, PKnYy XpSnbhsb kXywX
ssbp AwKoIcnncpsn, AhcpsS
hmpI kXyamhpIbnmbncpp.
\neZmks ]mWvUnXyw
\neZmks ]mWvUnXyw t\mq. C
s\bmWv. "Pothm {_mf`ntX\XzmXv'
Atlw 'hrn{]`mIcn' Poh{_ss
Iyns A\pam\w FgpXpIbmWv. tNX\
amIbm Poh {_n \nv A`nam
Wv. hfsc Aev]\mb Bfns ]dn
t]men cn p p. km[ayw D Xp sIm p
am{Xw cp hkvXp HmsWp hcpn
. ssh[ayw t`ZIamWv. "]rYnhoPemf`nm
PU XzmXv ' PU am b Xn \m ]rYn hnbpw
51. 6.8.4.
227
Pehpw A`n am sWv Bsc nepw ]d
m AXp icnb. AtXt]mse \ne
Zmks A\pam\n\pw AYan. Aev]
Xzw, Aev]X, {`mnazw apXemb [a
{_n \np hncpambn Poh\nepw
kh KX kh X, \n{`m n zmZn
ssh[ay {_n Poh\p hncpam
bnpv. AXn\m {_hpw Poh\pw `n
fmWv. Kw, {ZhXzw apXemb KpWv
hncpamIbm ]rYnhnbpw Pehpw Hm
Xpt]mse Poh\pw {_hpw ssh[ay
fp h bm Ibm Hm bn cp n . A, Hcn
epw Bhp I bp an . \neZmk\pw apw
Fp ]mWv Un Xy ap m bn cp sv CXn
\np a\nempI. tbmKmhknjvTw Dm
nbXv B[p\nI\mb GtXm thZmnbm
Wv. hmevaoIntbm hknjvTt\m {iocmat\m
AXpmpItbm sNmnsmSppItbm
sNbvXnn. Fsm Ahscmw thZm
\pbmbnIfmbncpp. thZhncpambn Hpw
cNn p Itbm ]d p tIn p Itbm
sNm AhmhpIbn.
imcocnI kq{Xfnepw C
tNmZyw: hymkaljn cNnnp imco
cnI kq{Xfnepw Poh{_ssIyw ImWp
n s mtWm? t\mq: 1. km Zym
ffhncv `mhx tkz\ i_v Zm Zv . 2. {_mtW
ssPan\n cq]\ymkmZn`yx 3. NnXnXmt{XW
XZmIXzmZnXyuUpteman 4. Gha]yp]
\ymkmXv ]qcvh`mhmZ hntcm[w _mZcmbWx
5. AX Gh Nm\\y [n]Xnx
52
AYw:
1. Poh kzw kzcq ]s {]m]nv
{]ISamIpp. apv AXv {_kzcq]ambncp
p. kzx i_vZn \nv {_cq]w Fp
{Kln Ww. 2. Abm ammf]l X ]mm
CXymZn D]\ymkfpXpsImv sFizcy
{]m]vXn hscbp tlXpfm {_cq]
n Poh nXn sNp p. FmWv
ssPan\n BNmcys aXw. 3. _rlZmcWyI
nse XZmIkzcq] \ncq]Ww apXemb
tlXpcq] hN\ \nanw, ssNX\yam{X
kzcq]ambn Poh apnbn nXn sNp
pshmWv HuUpteman BNmcys aXw.
4. Cd D]\ymkw sFizcy{]m]vXn XpS
nb tlXpsf ap\nn Poh {_
kzcq]amsWv ]dbpXn\v hntcm[ansv
hymk a ljn hnNm cn p p. 5. tbmKn
sFizcy klnXw kzw {_ cq ]s
{]m]nv A\y A[n]XnbnmsX AXmbXv
Xm Xm\mbn khm[n]Xn cq]amb {_cq
]n apnbn nXnsNpp.
Dcw: Cu kq{XfpsS AYw C
s\ b . icn bmb AYw C{] Im c am Wv .
tImepw 1. Fm amen\yfpw CmXmbn,
kzw kzIobipkzcq]tbpw ]hn{XX
tbbpw ssIh cn p Xp hsc Poh\v tbmK
n \nv sFizcytbpw Acymanbmb
{_sbpw {]m]nv B\n nXn
sNphm IgnbpX. 2. Cs\ ]m]fpw
apw Cm sFizcybp\mb tbmKnbm
bm, Atm {_tmSp tNv apn
bpsS B\w A\p`hnmw Fv ssPan\n
BNmcy ]dbpp. 3. AhnZy XpSnb tZmj
fn \np ap ambn ssNX\y kzcq ]
n Poh ncamIptm XZmIXzw
AYhm {_kzcq]_w e`npp Fv
HuUp teman BNm cy ]d bp p. 4. {_
tm sSmw sFiz cyhpw ip m \hpw
{]m]nv Pohnncnth Xs Pohp\m
Ip tm \na e amb kzw ]qh cq]w
{]m]nv B\ n m Ign bpp FmWv
hymkap\nbpsS aXw.
tbmKn bpsS kev ]w kXyam Ip tm
X\ntb Cuizcs\ {]m]nv tamkpJw A\p
`hnpp. AhnsS kzw A[o\n kzX
{\mbn hnpp. temIn Hcph
{][m\nbpw asmcm A{][m\nbpambncnp
Xpt]mse tamn C. Fm ap
Pohmcpw XpeycmWv. As\bsn C\n
sbgpXp kq{Xv FmWv kmwKXyw?
1. t\Xtc f\p]]tx. 2. t`Zhy]tZim. 3.
hnti j W t` Z hy ] tZ iym`yw t\ Xcu 4.
Akvanky N XtZymKw imkvXn. 5. A
53. 1,2,4,5,6 Fnh {Ian 1mw A[ymbw 1mw
]mZnse 16, 17, 19, 20, 21 kq{Xfpw 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
Fnh 1mw A[ymbw 2mw ]mZnse 22, 11, 3,
18, 20 kq{XfpamWv. 52. th.Z.4.4.1,5,6,7,9.
228
kvXtam]tZimXv. 6. t`Zhy]tZimm\y:
7. Kplmw {]hnjvSmhmm\u ln Xi\m
Xv. 8. A\p]]tkvXp \ imcocx. 9. A
cym ay [n tZ hm Zn jp X a hy] tZ im Xv . 10.
imcoctm`tb]nf ln t`tZss\\a[obtX.
(hym k ap \n IrX thZm Zi\ kq{X
.)
53
Aw: 1. {_n \np `namb
Poh krjvSn Imh. Fsm Cu
Aev]\pw, Aev]\pw, Aev]kaY\pamb
Poh\v krjvSn IrXzw tbmPnpX.
AXn\m Poh {_a.
2. ckw tlyhmbw e_v[zm\o`hXn CXv
D]\njZzN\amWv.
54
Poh\pw {_hpw `n
amIbm AhbpsS hyXymkw {]Zn]mZnncn
pp. As\bm]w "ckw' AYhm
B\ cq ]n bmb {_s {]m]nv Poh
B\ kzcq]\mbnocqp F {]m]vXn
hnjbamb {_nsbpw {]m]npXmb
Pohsbpw {]Xn]mZ\w tbmPnpXmhpI
bn. AXn\m Poh\pw {_hpw H.
3. Znthym lyaqx]cpjx k _mlym
`ytcmlyPx A{]mtWm lya\mxipt{`m
tcmXv ]cXx]cx(ap.2.1.2) Znhyhpw. iphpw
aqamXpw, kh{X ]qWhpw AIhpw
]pdhpw \nccw hym]Ihpw P acW icoc
[mcWmZn clnXhpw, izmk{]izmkw, icocw,
a\v FnhtbmSp _n\XoXhpw,
{]Imi kzcq]hpw Fns\bp ]cam
hntijWfpXpw, "Acw' AYhm \mi
clnXamb {]IrXntbm kqvaamb Poh
t\ m kqv a hp amWv {_w. {]Ir Xn,
Pohmm Fnhsb At]nv {_
n s\p t`Z sa {]Xn ]m Z\w D Xp
sImv {]IrXn, Poh Fnhbn \np
`namWv {_w.
4. Cu khhym]nbmb {_n Pohs
tN AYhm Poh\n {_ns tN
{]Xn]mZnnpXpsImv {_hpw Poh\pw
`n am Wv . tN `nhkv Xp Xnte
DmIphtm.
5. Cu {_ns BcymanXzw apXemb
[atfn ]dp. {_w Pohs AI
tabpw hym]n n cn p Xn \m hym]y amb
Poh\pw hym]I\mb {_hpw `nfmWv.
6. ]cammhv Poh\n\nv `nkzcq]n
bmbncnpXpt]mse C{nb, AxI
cWw, ]rYnhn apXemb `qX, Znv, hmbp,
kqcy, apX em bh Znhy Kp W bp cm b Xn
\m tZhkwbvlcmb hnZzmm apX
embhcn \npw `n\mIpp.
7. "Kplmw {]hnjvSu kpIrXky temtI'
XpS n b D] \n j Zz N \ fpw Poh\pw
{_hpw shtsdbmsWp sXfnbnpp.
D] \n j p I fn hfsc e fn Cu
A`n{]mbw FgpXnbnpv.
8. icotc`himcocx.. icoc[mcnbmb Poh
{_a. Fsm {_ns KpWIa
kz`mh Poh\v tNcphb.
9. A[ntZhFm Znhyhpw, a\v C{nb
apXemb ]Zm A[n`qX]rYnho
apXemb `qX, A[ymkh Pohmm
Fnhbnsemw ]cammhv Acym
anbmbn hnpp. Fsm B ]cam
m hns hym] IXzw apX emb KpW
Fm D]\njpIfnepw hymJym\nncnp
p.
10. ico c [m cn bmb Poh {_ a .
{_hpw Poh\pw Xnep t`Zw kzcq]kn
amWv.
Cs\bp imcocnI kq{Xfn \npw
Poh\pw {_hpw Xn kz cq] t`Zw
Dsp knnpp. AXpt]mse, thZmn
I fpsS D] {Iaw D] kw lmcw Fn hbpw
bp a . D] {Iaw AYhm Bcw`w {_
n \nv, D]kwlmcw AYhm {]fbhpw
{_n \nv. cmasXmcp hkvXphs
n DXv]nbpw {]fbhpw {_ns [a
am bn o cp p. DXv ]n hn\m i fn m
{_snbmWv thZmZn kXy imkv{X
fn semw {]kv Xm hn n p Xv . Ah \ho\
thZmnIsf {]tIm]nnpw. \nhnImchpw
A] cn Wm anbpw ipw, k\m X\w \n{`m
Xzw apXemb hntij KpWfm bp
\p amb {_ n hn Im cw, DXv ] n ,
Am\w apXembh Hcp Xcnepw kw`
hya. AXpt]mse D]kwlmcw {]fbw
Dmbmepw {_hpw, ImcWmIPU {]Ir
54. ssXcob D]\njXv {_m\hn 7.
229
Xn bpw, Poh\pw \ne \n ev p p. AXn \m
thZmnIfpsS D]{Ia D]kwlmc kev]
fpw Ak Xy am Wv . imkv {X n\pw {]Xy
mZn {]am W pw hncp amb Htsd
Aip{]kvXmhfn\nbpw Dv.
hn{IamZnXy\pw `rlcnbpw
CXn \p tijw ssP\n I fp sSbpw Iptd
sbmw icmNmcycpsS A\pbmbnIfpsSbpw
D] tZ im [n jv Tn X amb kwkv Imcw Bcym
hn hym]np. Ch Xn JWvU
\aWvU\fpw \Spt]mp.
55
icmNm
cypw apqdp hjw ]nv Dss\o \Kc
n hn{Iam ZnXys\p t]cp {]Xm ]n
bmb cmPmhv hmWncpp. Atlw Fm cmPm
mcpw Xn A\pcRvP\apmn kam
[m\w m]np. AXn\ptijw ImhymZnim
kv{Xfnepw ap hnjbfnepw kmam\yw
]mWvUnXyap `Xrlcn cmPmhv Dmbn.
Atlw hnc\mbn cmPyw shSnp. hn{I
amZnXy\p tijw Aqdp hjw Ignv
t`mPcmPmhpmbn
56
Ctlw Iptd hymIc
Whpw ImhymemcmZnIfpw {]NcnnXns
êambn BnSb\mbncp ImfnZmk\v cLp
hwiw t]mep Imhyw cNnm Ignp.
57
t`mP cm Pm hns ] Bsc nepw \
tmIw Dm n smp sNm hfsc
[\hpw am\yXbpw \evIn Ahsc t{]mm
lnnncpp. CXn\p tijapmb cmPm
mcpw {]`p mcpw ]Tnw t]mepw Dt]
npIfp.
icmNmcyp tijw, ssihw apXemb
k{ Zm b m cp m bn. Fm Ahv
{]m_eyw Inn bn . hn{I am Zn Xys Imew
apXv ssih {]_ecmbnpSn. hma
amKnInSbn ZialmhnZymZnimJmcp
mbXpt]mse ssihnSbnepw ]mip]Xw
apXemb imJmcpmbn.
imcaXhpw ssihaXhpw
BfpI icmNmcysc inhs AhXmc
ambn IcpXn, Atlns A\pbmbnIfmb
kw\ymknamcpw ssihaXw ]nXpSp. hma
amKnItfbpw IqsS Iqn. hmaamKnI inh
]Xv\nbmb tZhnbpsSbpw ssih inhsbpw
D]mkIcmbn. Ccphcpw `kvahpw cp{Zmhpw
Cpw AWn bp p. Fm ssih hma
amKnIfpsS A{X thZhncpc.
cp{Zm[mcWw
1. [nIv [nIv I]mew `kv a cp {Zm hn
lo\w
2. cp{Zmm IWv TtZti Zi\ ]cnan
Xm akvXtI hnwiXotZz. jSv jSv IcvW
{]tZti Ic bp K f K Xm ZzmZ im ZzmZ
ssih, _mtlzmcntmx Iem`nx ]rYKnXn
KZnX taItahw inJmbmav,hkym[nIw
bx IebXn iXIw k kzbw \oeIWvTx
58
C s\bp hfsctbsd tmIfpm
pIbpw 1. s\nbn `kvahpw Igpn cp{Zm
hpanmhv Atlm IjvSw IjvSw! Xw
XytP ZyPw bYm Ahsc NWvUmeXpeyw
hPn t Xm Wv . Fn s\ ]d bp Ibpw
sNbvXp. 2. Igpn 32 incn 40 ImXpI
fn 6 hoXw 12 hoXw ssIIfn 1 inJbn
s\v 108, Fn{]Imcw cp{Zmw [cn
p h kmm \oe I Wv T Xs.
imcpw Cs\Xs hnizknpp.
]noSv Cu hma amKn Ifpw ssihcpw
tNv Xocp am \nv `K enwKw {]Xn jv Tn p.
CXn\v Pe[mcnsbpw enwKsapw t]cpv.
CXns ]qP bp am cw `n p. Cu ]mac Iaw
Fn\p sNpstmv B \mWw sI
h sXpt]mepw \mWnn. kzmYo tZmjw
\ ]iyXn
59
kzmY knnpthn kzmYn
55. _ucn hkp_, ZnMv\mK, Cuizc
tk\, [aIon apXembhcpw adp`mKv
DtZymXIc, Ipamcne `, hmNkv]Xnan{i
XpSnbhcpw.
56. t`mPs\p t]cp ]e cmPmmcpw
Dmbncpp. ChnsS ]dbp t`mP
hn{IamZnXy\v GItZiw 1000 hjw tijw
Dmb cmPmhmWv.
57. CXv InwhZnbmWv. cLphwins
Imhmb ImfnZmks icnbmb t]cv
lcntjW Fmbncpp. kap{ZKp]vXs a{n
bmbncpntlw. t`mPs Imepmb.
ImfnZmk thsdbmWv. (IrjvWNcn{Xw).
58. cp{ZmPm_me D]\njZv 115. 16 Hmtcm
AwKnepw F{Xsb{X cp{Zmw [cnWsav
FgpXnbncnpp.
59. AYo tZmjw \]iyXn (NmWIy\oXn)6.8.
60. apo
230
I ZpjvIw t]mepw kevamsWp
hmZnv sXn tZmjw ImWm Xn cn p sav
IhnhmIyapv. B inem]qPbpw `KenwK]q
Pbpw Fm [amYImatamfpsSbpw
knnImcWambn Ah IcpXn. t`mPcmPm
hn\p tijw ssP\nI AhcpsS Ae
fn hn{K l {]Xn jv Tn p Ibpw AXp
Ip sXmgphm Bcw`npIbpw sNbvXp.
Atm Cu t]m m cpsS injy mcpw
ssP\ t {X fn t]mp h chp XpS n.
Hcp hiv ]natZinse Nne aXmcpw
bh \
60
mcpw Bcy h n hcm\pw
t]mIm\pw XpS n. Atm t]m m
\nn tmIamWnXv.
\ htZZymh\ow `mjmw {]mssWx IWvT
KssXc]n, lkvXn\m XmUy amt\mf]n \
Kt ssP\ ancav
61
F{Xtbsd ZpxJapmbmepw icn, {]mW
Igp n hmepw icn AXm bXv acWw
hp hnfn mepw icn, bh \ `mj kwkm cn
tb Acp Xv . {`m \m\ sImm HmSp
hm ssP\ t {X n Ibdn {]mW
cnmsapsn t]mepw ssP\t{X
n Ib d cp Xv . ssP\ t {X n Ibdn
{]mW cnpXnepw \Xv aZbm\bpsS
apn sNv Nhntp NmIpXmWv. Cs\
kzin jy mp ] tZiw \Im XpS n.
CXn\v Bscnepw {]amW tNmZnp
]wAXmbXv \nfpsS aXn GsX
nepw {]mamWnI {Kaptm Fp tNmZn
m Mvlm! Dv Fpcw ]dbpw. FhnsS
bmWv ImWnq Fp ]d m am
WvtUb ]pcmWmZnIfnse tmI sNmn
tnpw. Zpm\mamhenbn tZhnbpsS
hW\w t]mse bm Wn Xv . t`mP cm Pm hns
cmPyv hymks t]cn am Wv tUb
]pcmWw inh]pcmWw Fnh Dmn {]N
cnnp. Cmcyw cmPmhn\dnhp Innbtm
B ]Wv Un X mv ssIsh XpS nb
inI sImSpp. ImhymZnIfpmp
h AhchcpsS t]cn DmnsmWw
Ejn ap\namcpsS t]cn DmcpXv Fp
XmoXp sImSpp. CXv t`mPcmPmhv cNn
Xpw Kzmfntbm cmPynse `nWvUv \Kc
nse Xnhmcn {_mWcpsS hon DXp
amb kRv Poh\n F Ncn{X {Knep
v . CXv eJp \m bnse dmhp kmtl_pw
t\cnp InpXmWv.
alm`mcXn Iev
AXn kv ]jv S ambn Fgp Xn bn cn p p
hymkaljn \membncn\m\qdpw Atl
ns injy m Am bn cn Adp \qdpw
tmIsfgpXn BsI ]Xn\mbncw tmI
fnemWv alm`mcXw cNnXv. CXv hn{IamZnXy
almcmPmhns ]nXmhns kabv Ccp
] m bn chpw Rm a[y h b n se n bn
p Cmev apXn\mbnchpw tmI
fmbncnpp. Cs\ hfm alm`mcX
]pkvXIw Hcp HIns NpaSmbnocpw.
62
Ejnap\namcpsS t]cpw ]dv ]pcmW{K
fp m n bm Bcym h nse
P\ taml Pm e ns]v sshZn I
[w shSnv {`jvScmIpw. t`mPcmPmhn\v
Hp sshZn I kw kv Imcw Dm bn cp sv
CXn \np a\nemmw. Ctlsn
bp t`mP{]_n Cs\ FgpXnbn
cnpp:
LssSyIbm t{ImiZssiIaiz: kpIr
{Xntam KXnNmcpKXym hmbp ZZmXn hyP\w
kp]pjvIew, hn\m a\ptjyW NeXyP{k
av .
63
t`mPcmPmhns cmPynepw kao] cmPy
fnepw hfsc {]Kcmb inev]nIfpmbn
61. "KssPcm ]oUymat\mf ]n' F ]mTt`ZtmSp
IqSn `hnjy]pcmWw {]XnkK]hw3,3 2853.
62. CXv kRvPoh\n F {Ks Bkv]Zamn
FgpXnbXmWv. GItZiw 2000 hjw app
apXep inem teJ\fn alm`mcXns\
]cmainpXv "iXkl{kokwlnXbmav'
(1 ew tmIw) FmWv. `mcXvhjv
Im _rlZv CXnlmk (1) ]WvUnv `KhZv)
AjvSm[ymbn 6.2 38 hymkap\nbpsS `mcXw
Fpw sshimb, kqX, D{K{ihv Fn
h hnn alm`mcXw F _rlZmImc
kqNIamb ]qh]Z{]IrXnkzc hn[m\hpw
]mWn\n sNbvXnpv.
63. Cu tmIw t`mP{]_n ImWpn.
t`mPcmPmhp cNn "kacmMvKW kq{X[mc' F
{Knse b{m[ymbn Cs\ At\Iw
b{ Dmp {]{Inbmhn[nbpv,
hnam\apsS.
231
cpp. Ah IpXncbpsS BIrXnbnep Hcp
hml\w b{w LSnnv Dmn. AXv Hcp
\mgnIbn ]Xns\mpw, Hcp aWnqdn
Ccp ] t g cbpw t{Imiw (hnfn m Sv ) Zqcw
t]mIpambncpp. AXv `qanbnepw Aco
nepw k cn p Xm bn cp p. thsd Hcp
]bpw ]Wn I gn n cp p. a\p jy k lm b an
msX b{insImv CXp IdpIbpw
[mcmfw Imp \IpIbpw sNbvXncpp. Cu
cp km[\ fpw Cp m bn cp s n
bqtdmpIm C{Xtbsd sRfnbpIbnmbncp
p.
t]mm XfpsS injymsc ssP\nI
fn \nIn \nnsbnepw ssP\ t{X
fn t]mIpXn \ntm AhcpsS `P\
IY\mZnI tIpXn \ntm hne
phm Ignn. ssP\nIfpsS t]mm
]ucmWnIt]mmcpsS injymsc hioI
cnm XpSn. Atm ]ucmWnIt]m
m X fpsS injy m ssP\ cm Ip Xp
XS bp hm \p D]mbw Nnn p. ssP\ tc
tmse Xfpw AhXmc. t{X,
hn{K l , IYm ]p kv X I apX em bh
DmWsap Nnnpdp. ssP\cpsS Ccp
]n\mep XoYcmtctmse Ccp]n
\mev AhXmc, t{X, hn{Kl
apXembh Dmn. ssP\cpsS BZn, Dcw
apXemb ]pcmWtftmse ]Xns\p ]pcm
W \nanp.
sshjvWh aXmcw`w
t`mPcmPmhn\p tijw \qXp sImw
Ignv sshjvWhaXw Bcw`np.
64
IRvP
c hWn ]nd iTtIm]
65
Fbm
fm Wn Xn \m cw`w Ipdn Xv . AXn\p tijw
tXmn hKn ]nd ap\nhml\\pw, aqm
aXv bh\ IpePmX\mb buh\mNmcy\pw Cu
aXns BNmcymcmbn. \memaXv {_W
IpePmX\mb. cmam\pP\pmbn. Atlw Cu
aXw hfsc {]Ncnnp.
]pcmWfpsS cN\
ssih inh ]p cm Whpw apw Dm n.
imt b tZho `m K h Xhpw sshjv W h
hnjvWp]pcmWhpw Dmn. Bcpw {]amW
ambn IcpXn bnsntem Fp hn Nm cnv
kzw t]cn Ch Dmnbn. AXn\m
hymk apXemb Ejnap\namcpsS t]cnemWv
]pcm W cNn Xv . \ho \ sa m bn cpp
]pcmWsaXn\p ]Icw Chbvv hmkvXh
n t]cntSnbncpXv. Fm Zcn{Z
Xs aI\v almcmPm[ncmP Ftm, ]pXnb
km[\n\v k\mX\w Ftm t]cnSpXp
t]mse CXn B cy sa pp? Ch
Xn Xp Xp t]mse ]p cm W
Xnepw Ielapv.
tZho`mKhXw t\mq. {iosbp ]dbp
{io]pckzman\nbmb Hcp kv{XossZhw Cu PK
smw \nanp. {_m hnjvWp atlizc
m scbpw Ah Xs cNn p. A tZhnv
Cbpmbtm kzw ssII Xncpn.
ssII fn \nv Pzme bp m bn. Pzme bn
\np {_mhpmbn. '\osbs hnhmlw
Ignq' Fp tZhn ]dp.' \osbs A
bmWv, \ns F\np hnhmlw sNphm
Ignbtm' Fp {_mhp ]dXp tIv
A t{Im[nv aIs\ Npp Ifp. hopw
ssII Xncpn. ssIIfn \nv Pzmebp
mbn. \osbs hnhmlw Ignq Fp
tZhn ]dp. \osbs AbmWv, \ns
F\np hnhmlw sNphm Ignhntm
Fp {_mhp ]dXp tInv A
t{Im[nv aIs\ Npp I f p. hopw
ssII Xncpn cmas aIs\ DXv]mZn
np. Ah\v hnjvWpshv t]cnp Aht\mSpw
A{]Imcw ]dp. Ah\pw tImbvIbm
Aht\bpw `kvaamn. aqmaXpw aIs\ P\n
np. Ah\v inhs\p t]cnp. \osbs
hnhmlw Ignq Fv Bh iy s tm
km[ya, thsdmcp kv{XobpsS icocw [mcWw
sNbvXmemhmw Fp inh ]dp. tZhn
As\ sNbvXp. Cu cnSpw ImWp
Nmcw Fm sWv inh tNmZn p. CXp
\ns ktlm Z c m cm sWpw Ch Fs
B ]menn AXn\m Nmcamnf
spw tZhn ]dp. Rm Hbvsp
sNpw?
64. `mKhXaXw F t]cn sshjvWh k{Zmbw
AXn]pcmWamWv. Cmev AXns ]p\cpo
h\w Dmbn FYw.
65. Ibdp]ncnp hKamWv IRvPchWw.
232
Chsc Pohnnq. thsd cp kv{XoI
sfbpw P\nnq. aqhcpw aqhtcbpw hnhmlw
Ign pw. Fmbn inh. tZhn As\
sNbvXp. aqhtcbpw aqhcpw IeymWw Ignp.
Imcyw sImmw. Asb thn. ktlm
Zcnsb thp. CXv DNnXamsWp IcpXtWm?
]noSv Ch C{t\bpw krjvSnp. {_m
hv, hnjvWp, cp{Z, C{ Fnhsc tZhn
Xs ]pNpnIfmn amn. C{]Imcap
]pfpamkpI \oncn tXmpw]Sn FgpXn
hn p v . tZhn bpsS amXm ]n Xm fm cm
sWpw {io]pcw Dm n b Xm cm sWpw
tNmZnm Fp ]dbpw? tZhn A\mZnbm
sWn, kwtbmKP\yamb hkvXp Hcnepw
A\mZnbmhntm. amXmhpw aI\pw Xn
hnhmlw `b{]ZamsWn, ktlmZcoktlm
Zcm Xnep hnhmlw Fp KpW{]Z
amWv?
Cu tZho`mKhXn inh, hnjv Wp,
{_mhv BZnbmbhcpsS \nmcXbpw Fgp
Xnbncnpp. AXmbXv Chscmw inhs
Zmkmcpw almtZh FmhcpsSbpw Cuiz
c\pamWt{X!
`kvacp{Zm
cp{Zmw acns hnv `kvaw Fnh
[cnpXpsImv apn Inpsap hnNmcn
p s n Nmc n InS p cp fp Igp
Xbvpw Ipnpcpame [cnp Immf,
]db apXembhpw apn e`nnt? `kva
n InSpcpfp ]n, \mb, IgpX apX
embhbvpw apn e`nmsXv?
tNmZyw: Imemncpt{Zm]\njn `kvaw
sXmSp hm \p hn[n bp v .
66
AXp I
amtWm? { Xmbp jw Pa Zt
67
F
bPpthZ hN\w apXembhbn \nv `kva
[mcW hn[nI e`npp. cp{Zs In
\np hoW Iocn \nv Dmb hr
amWv cp{Zm sapw AXn \m AXp [cn
pXv ]pWyamsWpw ]pcmWfnsegp
Xnbncnpp. AXn\m AXp [cnpXv
]pWyamWv. cp{Zmw [cnm ]m]samw
shSnv kzKp t]mImw. Ah\v ba
s\tbm \cIstbm `bstSXn.
Dcw: Imemncpt{Zm]\njv GtXm
`kv a [mcn Fgp Xn b Xm Wv . Fs m
AXnse
68
bmky {]Y am tcJm km
`qtemIx apXemb hN\ A\YIfm
Wv . Znh tk\ ssIsImp hc bv p hc
`qtemItam AXns\ IpdnptXm BIp
sXs\? IqSmsX, {Xmbpjw PaZt apX
emb a{ `kvatam {Xn]pWv {Utam [cn
pXnt\nbpX. Npssh PaZnx
Fv iX ] Yw
69
Cuizcm! Fs t\{X
tPymXn, {Xmbpjw AYhm aqncnbmIWw.
apqdp hjw \ne\nWw. Rm Ip\
inmXncnhap kXv{]hrnI
sNs. Fw. Ip\o hoWv hrw
apfbvpIsbXv F{Xtbm hnUvVnamWv.
Cuizcs krjvSn{Ias Bm\pw amn
adn m \m hptam? GXp hr ns hnv
Cuizc\pmntbm AXn \nv B hrw
am{Xta Dmhq. asmpapmhn.
70
AXn
\m cp{Zmw, `kvaw, Xpfkn, Xmacmbv,
]pv, N\w, apXembh IgpneWnbpXv
Impa\pjysctmse arKXpeycmbh am{X
amWv.
71
Cs\ hma amKn Ifpw ssih cp amb
At\Iw anYymNmcmcpw hncpmcpw sNt
Xp sNm h cmbn Hp t] cp v Ah
cns t{ijvTmcpv. Ah CsXmpw
hnizknmsX kXvIa sNbvXpsImn
cn p p. cp{Zm hpw `kv ahpw Ip ba
[as ZqXm `bsSpsan t]meokp
66. `kva{Xn]pWv{U[mctW hn\ntbmK. 67 A. 3.a. 62
68. bmky{]YamtcJm km Kml]Xy Imtcm ctPm
`qtem Ix Imemn cpt{Zm ] \n j v . Cm e t Xp
t]mse d^dkv {K sImp\Sphmt\m Hcp
ev kw`cnv D]tbmKnmt\m Cu {Kw Fgp
Xp Imev aljnv kuIcyanmbncpp. Fmw
Hmbn\np ]InbmXmIt\ hgnbpq. Hcp Xh
Wbn Ihnv Chsbmpw hmbnncnm\pw CSbn
. Xnanw bYmamb ]Insbgpv Acw
{K fpsS Imcy n sNbv Xn cn p I bp an .
aljnsb XncppIb. ASnpdnpIfpsS Dtiy
sav Xmev]cyw.
69. iX]Yw81.2.3
70. Iocn\np hrapmhnsp Xmev]cyw.
71. kv{Xo]pcpjmv kzW, cP B`cWfm
hmsav kwkvmchn[n, hnhml{]IcWw B`
cWamWv, BkvXnb.
233
Imcpw `bsSWatm. cp{Zmhpw `kvahpw
[cn p hsc Im ]nbpw knwlhpw
khpw tXfpw Cubpw sImXpIpw apw `b
sSpnsn \ymbm[n]sbas hKw
`bsSpsXn\v?
sshjvWh aXw
tNmZyw: hmaamKnIfpw ssihcpw \
hc. sshjvWhtcm? Ah \hct?
Dcw: Chcpw thZhncpcmIbm ap
htcm NobmWv.
tNmZyw: ""\akvtX cp{Za\yth'' ""inhmb
N inhXcmbN'' ""sshjvWhakn'' ""hma\m
bN KWm\mwXzm KW]XoMv lhmatl `K
hXo ln `qbmx, kqcy Bm PKXkvXp
j''
72
apX emb thZ {] am W fm
ssihmZn aX knnpp. ]nsn\v
\n JWvU\w sNpp.
Dcw: Cu hN\fn \nv ssihmZn
aXfpsS knn Dmhpn. Fsm
cp{Z FXv Cuiz c {]mWm Zn hm bp,
Poh, Bn apXembhbpsS t]cmWv. t{Im[n
p cp{Z\v AXmbXv ZpjvSmsc Icbnp
]c am m hn\v \a kv Im cw. {]mWv
AYhm PTcmnv AZm\w sNpI. \a
CXn A \m a. (\n Lp 2, 7) \a A
ns ]cymbamsWv \nLphnepv. awK
f{]Z\mb, temIn\v AXyw \ sNp
B inhs\ ]cammhns\ \akvIcnWw.
inhky ]ctaizckymbw `x ssih (in
h s Cu iz c s ` \mWv ssih)
hn jv tWmx ]c am t\mfbw `tm
sshjvWhx (hnjvWphns Cuizcs`
\mtcm Ah\t{X sshjvWh) KW]tXx
kIePKzmant\mfbw tkhtIm KmW]Xx
(kIe PKntbpw bPam\\mb KW]Xn
bpsS tkh I \t{X KmW ] Xy) `K hXym
hmWym Abw tkhIx `mKhXx (kXyhm
Wnbmb `KhXnbpsS tkhI `mKhX)
kqcky NcmNcm\x Abw tkhIx kucx
(NcmNcmmhmb kqcys PKZoizcs
tkhI\mWv kuc. cp{Z, inh, hnjv Wp,
KW]Xn, kqcy Fo t]cpIsfmw Cuiz
ctXpw, `KhXnsbXv kXy`mjWbp
amb hmWnbpsSbpw t]cmWv. CXp a\nem
msXbmWv _lfapmpXv DZmlcWw
]dbmw.
Hcp kw\ymknv cv injymcpmbn
cpp. Znhkhpw Ah Kpcphns Imep Xncp
nsmSppw. Hcm CStmepw atbm
hetmepw Xncpphm ]nsSpp. Hcp
Znhkw injycnsemcph AmSnbn t]mbn.
atbm Xm ip{iqjnp Imev Xncpn
smncpp. Atm Kpcp Xncnp InS
p. Atm Xm ip{iqjnp Iment
atm hp hoWp. injy hSnsbSpv
B Imens\ {]lcnp. FSm ZpjvSm \nsb
mWo sNbvXXv? Fv Kpcp tNmZnp. ""Rm
ip{iq jn p Imen at m Fn\p
Ibdn bn cpp?'' Fmbn injy. Atm
tgpw at injy\pw Am Sn bn \np
hp. Abm Xs hI Imens\ ip{iqjn
m XnSn. AXn \ocpXpIv ""Fs
hIbmb Cu Imens\p ]n?'' Fp tNmZn
p. Dmb kw`hw Kpcp ]dptInp.
B aqV\pw anmsX A\msX hSnsbSpv
atImen s]mXnsc Xn. Kpcp Dds \ne
hnfnp. injym cpt]cpw hSnsbSpv
cpImepIsfbpw {]lcnm XnSn. henb
_lfambn. BfpI HmSnqSn. kzmansp
] n sb h tNmZn p. GtXm _pn am
kzmansb cnv, aqVmcmb injysc D]
tZ inp: ""cp Imepw kzman bp tS Xm Wv .
cn\pw \n fpsS ip{iqj Dm b tm
kz man v kp Jw In n . t\mhn tm
s\mXpw kzmanpXs''.
Kpcpip{iqjbn injym ImWn Xami
t]mse, GIhpw, AJWvUhpw, knZm\
kzcq ] hpamb ]c am m hns hnhn [ \m a
fmb hnjv Wp, cq{Z, apX em b h bp sS,
Hmw kap m k n shfn hm n b
kXymY sf a\ n em msX im
sshjvWhmZn aXm ]ckv]cw \ma\n
sNpp. Cu a_pnI kzev]sanepw
_pn hnIknnv, hnjvWp, cp{Z, inh apX
72. {Ian bq 16.1, 16, 41, 5.21, 16.30, 23, 19
AYhw 9.10 20 bp 13.46
73. cmam\pP]Se ]Xn, t]Pv 7 AhnsS kzev]w
hyXymkapv.
74. E 9.83.1
234
emb \ma GIhpw AZznXobhpw kh
\nbmhpw khmcymanbpw Bb PKZoiz
cs hnhn[ KpWIakz`mhf\pkcnp
hbmsWv NnnptXbn. Cs\bp
aqVmtcmSv Cuizc tIm]npIbnt?
N{ImnXcpsS IY
C\n N{ImnX sshjvWhcpsS ApX
IY tIpI: Xm]x ]p{w bYm\ma
amem a{kvXssYhN. Aao ln ]kw
kvmcmx ]cssaIm tlXhx
73
"AX]vX
X\qcv\ XZmtam Aiv\ptX'
74
CXn{iptX.
AYw: Xm]x= iwJv, N{Iw, KZ, ]w
Fo ap{ZI Npp ]gpnv `qPaqefn
ASbmfw Ippp. Fnv ]mm{Xn
apn NqSmpp. Nne Cu ]m IpSnbvp
Ibpw sNpp. t\mq! a\pjy amwkns
kzmZv B ]men ImWpsav {]XyamW
tm. C s\ sb m ap Ia sImv
Cuizc{]m]vXnbpmIpsav BinpIbpw
iwJ N {Im Zn I sImv Imn p msX
Poh Cuizcs\ {]m]npIbnsp ]dbp
Ibpw sNpp. Fsm Npn Ipm
h Bax AYhm ]mIamImh BWt{X.
"hn't]mep ASbmf Iv hnmin]m
bnsbpw apw cmP`rXysc XncndnbpXp
t]mse hnjvWphns Bbp[fmb iwJN
{ImZnIfpsS Nn Iv ba[a\pw `S
mcpw `bsbpat{X. Ah ]dbpp;
_m\m _Um Zbm Im XneIv Om]v Hu
am bav Uss] Imeq Itl `qb amt\
`q]mev
75
`Khms Aemcamb XneIhpw ap{Zbpw
amebpw [cn p Xv al Xz am Wv . AXns\
cmPmhpw bacmPmhpw `bsSpp FYw.
Xm] ]p{mZnIfpsS hymJym\w
]p{ w={ Xn iq ew t]mse s\n bn
aptm]n hc bv p Xv . \maw=\mcm bW
Zmk, hnjvWp Zmk, apXemb Zmks\
hkm\np t]cnSpI. ame=Xmacpcpame
bWnbpI. a{w=1. ""Hmw \tam \mcmbWmb''
CXn h km[m c W mp thn Dmn
h a{amWv. IqSmsX, 2. {ioamcmbWN
cWw icWw {]]tZy. 3. {ioatX \mcmbWmb
\ax 4. {ioatXcmam\pPmb \ax CXymZn a{
[\m Vy mpw am\y mp ambn
DmnhnpXmWv. CXpw Hcp IhSam
bntmbn! Nnbvsm Nc!! Cu Av
kwkvmc apnImcWamsWv N{Im
nXm hnNmcnbv pp. Cu a{fpsS
AYw C{]ImcamWv.
1. Rm \mcmbWs\ \akvcnpp. 2.
evaoklnX\mb \mcmbWs XrthSn
Isf Rm icWw {]m]npp. 3. tim`\o
b\mb \mcmbW\v \akvmcw. 4. {ioam\mb
cmam\pP\v \akvmcw.
hmaamKnIv ]aImc F{]Im
camtWm A{]ImcamWv N{ImnXv ]
kwkv mc. iwJN{I icocn
ImnppXn\v {]amWamnb thZ a{
ns ]mThpw AYhpw C{]ImcamWv.
1. ]hn{Xw tX hnXXw {_Wkv ]tX
{]`qcvKm{XmWn ]tcyjn hnizXx AX]vX
X\qcv\ XZmtam Aiv\ptX irXmk CZzl
kvXamiX.
2. Xt]mjv]hn{Xw hnXXw Znhkv]tX. (E
9.83.1.2)
{_msbpw thZsbpw ]cn]men
p {]t`m! khkmaYybp\pw kh
inam\pw Bb Av kzw hym]vXnbm
kwkmc ns khmhbfnepw hym]nn
cnbvpp. AbpsS hym]Ihpw ]hn{Xhp
amb kzcq]s {_Ncyw, kXy`mjWw,
iaw, Zaw, tbmKm `ym kw, PntX {n b Xzw,
kwKw XpSnb X]cyIfnm Ax
IcWtmSpIqSnb Bmhv {]m]npIbn.
Ad X]kpIfm ipambh am{Xta
X]m N c W fn eqsS A bpsS ip kz cq
]s `wKnbmbn {]m]npIbpq.
2. {]Imikzcq]\mb Cuizcs krjvSn
bn, hnkv Xr Xhpw ]hn {Xm N c W cq ]hpw
Bb X]\pjvTnph am{Xta ]camm
hns\ {]m]nphm tbmKycmhpIbpq.
AX]vXX\phns AYw
75. Zbmephmb Cuizcs almNn
fmWv XneIhpw ap{Zbpw amebpw. ba\pw `q]m
e\pw AXpIv `bsSpsaXn kwiban.
(àme 6)
235
Cu cmam\pPobcpw apw N{ImnXcmIphm
\p A\p Fs\bmWv Cu a{n
\nv knn p Xv ? Ah hnZzm m cm bn
cptm AtXm AhnZzmmtcm? hnZzmmcmbn
cpsn Cm AYw Fs\bmWv Cu
a{ n\p ]d bp Xv ? AX ]v X X \p sh
msX AX]vX`pssPItZix Fo a{n
en tm. IqSmsX AX ]v X X \p hnse X\px
FXn\v \JinJmap icocmwisfmw
FmWYsapw, AnsImp s]mn
emWv hn[nncnpsXpw N{ImnXm
AwKoIcnnv, AXn]Sn AhchcpsS ico
cs ASpnenv NpmepwIqSn AXv a{mY
n\p hncpamIpp. a{n kXy`mj
WmZn ]hn{XIasfbmWv X]skp ]d
ncnpXv. EXwX]x kXywXt]mZakvX
]x kzm[ymbkvX]x (ssXcobw)
76
apX
em b h sb bmWv X] skp ]d n p Xv .
EXw X]= bYmY amb ]cn ip n. kXyw
AwKo I cn p I, hmnepw {]hr n bnepw
kXy k X, a\ kns\ A[a n tep
t]mIm\\phZnmbvI, C{nbsf A\ymb
IrXyfn {]hrammXncn apXem
bhbmWv X]kv. icocw C{nb a\kv
Fn h bm ip` Ia BN cn p I,
thZmZn kXyhnZyI ]Tnbpw ]Tnnbpw
sNbvI, thZm\pkrXw BNcnpI, apXemb
Dahpw [abphpamb {]hrnIfpsS
t]cmWv X]kv. temlw ]gpnv sXmens]m
npXv X]k.
N{ImnXm henb sshjvWhcmsWv
kzbw IcpXpp. Fm Ah XfpsS
]mccyw ZpjvI Fnhtbn Nnn
ptXbn. AhcpsS BZyKpcphmbncp
iT tIm ] s\ n Uqa Pm Xn bn* ]nd
\m`mZm k cNn ` am e bn ""hn{Iob
iq]w hnNNmctbmKo''
77
Fpv. C
s\bp hN\fmWv N{ImnXcpsS {K
fnepXv. iTtIm] apdw saSp hnevp
bmfmbncpp. AXmbXv ]dbIpen ]nd
h \m bn cp s Yw. {_m W cn \nv
]Tnm B{Klnncpncnmw. {_mW
AXv Xnc kv I cn n cn mw. XpSv {_m
Wp hncpambn XneIw N{Iw apXembh
sImv ]pXnsbmcp aXk{Zmbw Bcw`n
Xmhmw. Atlns injy ap\nhml\
NWv Ume hW n ]nd bm fm bn cp p.
CbmfpsS injy bmh\mNmcy bh\Ipe
PmX\mbncpp. Nne Cu t]cp ]cnjvIcnv
bmap\mNmcy Fpw ]dbmdpv. ]noSmWv
{_mW IpePmX\mb cmam\pP N{Imn
X\mbXv.
cmam\pP\pw icmNmcycpw
cmam\pP\p apv GXm\pw `mjm{Ktf
Dmbncppq. Ctlw Ipdp kwkvIrXw
]Tnbpw kwkvIrXn Nne tmI_
{Kfpw imcocnI kq{Xw D]\njpI
Fnhbvv icmNmcycpsS `mjys
Xncmb `mjyfpw cNnpIbpmbn. icm
Nmcysc hfsctbsd \nnpIbpw sNbvXp.
{ioi cs aX amb AssZz Xw, AXm bXv
""Poh\pw {_hpw HpXsbmWv, asmcp
hkv Xphpw hmkv X h n C, PK v ,
{]]w Fmw anYybpw ambmcq]hpw A\n
Xyhpw BWv'' FXns\Xncmbn cmam\pPs
aXw ""Poh {_w, amb Fnh aqpw
\nXy am Wv .'' Ft{X. {_ n\p ]pdta
Poh, ImcW{]IrXn Fnhsb kzoIcnm
XpsImv icmNmcycpsS aXw icnb.
Cmcyn cmam\pPs aXhpwPoh\pw,
ambbpw klnXw Cuiz c HmWv F
hninjv Sm ssZz Xw, Ch aqnt\bpw kzoI cn
pIbpw AssZzXw ]dbpIbpw sNpIsb
Xv, Xopw hyamWv. Cuizcs A[o
\ nepw XnIpw ]mc X {y n ep am Wv ,
Poh Fp IcpXpI, Igpnepw s\nbnepw
XneIaWnbpI, amebWnbpI hn{Klmcm[\
\S pI apX em b h tbm Sp Iq Snb ]ma c
aX{]NmcWw XpSnbh N{ImnX aXn
epv. Cu N{ImnXtcmfw thZhntcm[nIf
imcaXm.
hn{Klmcm[\
tNmZyw:hn{Klcm[\ FhnSpv XpSn?
Dcw: ssP\nIfn \nv.
tNmZyw: ssP\nI FhnSpp XpSn?
76. EXw X]x kXyw X]x {iqXw X]x imav
Fv ssXocob BcWyIw 10.8 ]mTw.
77 ZnhykqcnNcnXw . kKw 2, tmIw 52,
* HchW hn`mKw
236
Dcw: AhcpsS AXbn \nv.
tNmZyw: imhpw [ym\mhbnencnp
Xp amb hn{K ls t\mn bn cp m
Ah\h\pw Acsamcp Ahmcw hcp
samWv ssP\ ]dbpXv.
Dcw: Poh tNX\hpw hn{Klw PU
hpamWv. hn{Klttmse Poh\pw PUam
Ipsatm? Cu hn{Klmcm[\ tIhew ]mac
aXamWv. ssP\mcmWv CXp {]NcnnXv.
AXn\m ssP\aXJWvU\w ]{mw kap
mkn sNpXmWv.
sshjvWh ssP\t`Zw
tNmZyw: sshjvWhcpw apw hn{Klmcm
[ \sb ssP\ cn \n \p I cn p I b
sNbvXXv. AhcpsS hn{Kl ssP\cptS
Xpt]mseb.
Dcw: AXpicnbmWv. ssP\aXmcptS
Xpt]mse \nanncpsn Ahcpw ssP\
cm bn tm tb t\. AXn \m ssP\ cp tS Xn\p
hncpambn hn{K l ]WnXp. ssP\p
hncpambn sNpIbmbncptm ChcpsS
]cn ]m Sn. Chp hncp ambn sNp Xv
ssP\ cp tS bpw. hnc a \p jy cpsS \hpw
[ym\mhnXhpamb hn{Kl ssP\cp
m n b tm AXn \p hn ] co X ambn
sshjvWhcpw apw btYjvSw irwKmcnIfmb
kv {XoI tfm Sp Iq Sn bXpw hW sm en a bp
Xpw, cmK t`m K hn j bm kn kln X amb
BIm c ap hcp w Bb { ]Xn a I
\nevIpItbm CcnpItbm sNp cq]n
\nanp. ssP\mc[nIhpw iwJphnfn, aWn
bSn, sNsImv, apXembsXmpw sNmdn
. sshjv W hm Zn I Ch sImv henb
tImemleapmpp. Cs\bp eoe
IsImmWv sshjv Wh t]m m X
fpsS injymsc ssP\cpsS hebn \np
hnSn kzw hebn IpSpnbncnp
Xv. IqSmsX hymkmZn aljnamcpsS t]cn,
sIpIYIfpw Akw`hKmYIfpw Nav {K
fmn. Chbvv ]pcmWsap t]cnv IYm
{]hN\hpw Bcw`np.
Im]Syhpw NXnbpw
hnhn[ ambm Pm e {]tbm Kn m\pw
Ah aSnn. inemhn{Klfpmn ]h
Xntem Imntem Hfnp hbvpItbm Ipgn
nSpItbm sNpw. Fnv injymtcmSv shfn
]mSp t]mse Cs\ ]dbpw: cm{Xn bn
F\nsmcp kz]v\apmbn. almtZh, ]m
Xn, cm[, IrjvW, koX, cma, Asn
ev anbpw \mcm b W\pw AYhm ss`c h
l\pam FnhcnemcpsSsbnepw t]cp ]d
v, ""kz]v\n AcpfnsbvXp. Rm Cn
Spv, FssImphv Aew ]WnXv
{]XnjvTnWw. \o Xs ]qPmcnbpamIWw.
Fn \nfpsS at\mhmRvOnXsfmw
\Sq. Atm a\p Xpdmhcpw aSn
oe Xpdhcpamb BfpI t]mns eoe
I tI]Sn hnizknv FhnsSbmWv hn{Kl
sap tNmZn pw. C ]h X n setm
C Imnsetm t]mv ]dbpw. DSt\ Ah
B NXnbs IqsS ]pdsSpw. sNp t\mp
tm hn{Klw Iv BcysSpw. t]mns
Imev hoWv \akvIcnv ]dbpIbpmbn
""Cu `Khms A\p{Klw Abnepv. Av
`K hms\ Fgp n p sImp t]mbm s.
R Aew ]WnXp Xcmw. AhnsS {]Xn
jvTnv Ap Xs ]qPnms. Rfo hnfn
pdp hcp `Khms\ Ipw sXmpw
78
at\mhmRvOnXfmb ê t\Snsm
mw.'' Cs\ Hcp h eoe I fm Sn b tm
AXpIv ap ]ecpw hbp]ngn\mbn NXn
bnepw Im]SyneqsSbpw hn{Kl {]Xn
jvTnp.
hn{Klhpw CuizckvacWbpw
tNmZyw: Cuizc \ncmImc\mWv. AXn
\m [ym\n sImphcm kmya.
AXn\m hn{Klw IqSntb Ignbq. asmpw
sNp hm \m Ip n s nepw hn{K l n \p ap
n sNv ssIIqn Cuizcs\ kvacnp
Ibpw \maw sNmpIbpw sNpXnsemWv
Xc tSv ?
Dcw: Cuizc \ncmImc\pw khhym
]nbp am Wv . B Cuiz cs hn{Klw \nan
mt\ kmya. hn{Klns Zi\am{X
bn CuizckvacWbpmIpsan Cuiz
cs ApX cN\bmb ]rYzn, Pew. An,
78. Dtcy t{Xfn Fmhpw
hn{Klkv]i\w A\phZnnpv.
237
hmbp, h\ hr apX emb At\Iw
hkvXpfpw Cu hIsbmw D `qan, ]h
XCuizccNnXamb Cu almaqnI
fn \nmWtm a\pjy hn{Klfpm
pXv apXembh Im CuizckvacW
bpmhpIbnt? Csn hn{Klw Im
CuizckvacW hcpsap ]dbpXv Xopw
anYybmWv. hn{Klw apnenmtm Cuiz
ckvacW DmImXncnpXv a\pjy GIm
Xbn sNv tamjWw hy`nNmcw apXemb
Zpjv Ia fn Gs Sm km[y X bp v .
ChnsS Fs Bcpw ImWpns tXm
\nanw Ah A\Yw sNm Xn cn n .
Cs\ \nch[n Zqjy inemZn hn{Kl
fpsS Bcm[\bn\npmIpw. t\mq!
inemhn{Klsf Bcm[nmsX kZm kh
hym]I\pw khmcymanbpw \ymbImcnbp
amb ]cammhns\s Fpw \ndh
s\v AdnbpIbpw IcpXpIbpw sNpbm,
Wam{Xt]mepw Xm Cuizc\n \nI
ncnpnsdnv, ZpjvIaw sNpXp
t]m Is a\ n Nnn p I t]m ep an .
a\km hmNm IaWm Fs nepw No
sNbvXm AcymanbpsS \ymbn \nv
in e`nmsX cs]SpIbnsbm
dnbmw.
\makvacWbpsS DacoXn
IqSmsX shdpsX \maw sNmpXpsImv
bmsXmcp êhpan. Ievw Ievw
Fns\ Dcphnm hmbvp a[pctam thv
thv Fns\ Dcphnm Ibvt]m Dm
hpIbn. \mpsImv cknm am{Xta a[p
ctam Ibvtm Adnbm\mIq.
tNmZyw: \ma P]w shdpw shdp sX bm
tWm? ]pcmWfn kh{X \makvacW
amlmyw hmgvnbnptm?
Dcw: \n \maP]w \Sp coXn
D a a . \n fpsS \ma P ] ns coXn
bYma.
tNmZyw: RfpsS coXn Fs\?
Dcw: thZhncpw.
tNmZyw: \Xv, thZm\pIqe coXn F
s\sbp ]dp Xms.
Dcw: \maP]w sNtXns\bmWv.
\ymbImcnsbXv Cuizcs Hcp \maamWv.
Cu \mans AYw AXmbXv ]]mX
clnX\mbn Ftmgpw Fmhpw bYmhXv
\ymbw sNp, Hcnepw A\ymbw sNm
]c am mhv Fn s\ {Kln Ww. CXp
{Klnv \ymbbpamb {]hrn sNWw.
A\ymbw Hcnepw sNcpXv. Cs\ Cu
H \maw sImpXs a\pjy\v awKfapm
Ipw.
AhXmc
tNmZyw: Cuiz c \ncm Im c \m sWv
Rpw Adn bmw. Fm inh,
hnjvWp, KW]Xn, kqcy XpSnb icoc
[cn p Ibp w cma, Irjv W
XpSnb Ah X m c FSp p Ibpw
sNbvXp. CXn \nv Cuizcs hn{Kl
fpmn. CXpw IamtWm?
Dcw: AtX btX Iw. Fs m
AP GI ]mXv,
79
AImbav
80
CXymZn hnti
jWfm Cuizcs\ P\\acWclnX,
icocw [cn m h Fv thZ fn
hntijnnnpv. IqSmsX bpnsImpw
Ah Xmcw Dm Ip sap knn p I bn .
BImiw t]mse kh{X hym]n n cn p
A\hpw kpJZpxJZriymZnKpWclnXamb
AXv sNdn sbmcp hocy ntem K`m i b
ntem ico c ntem Fs\ HXpp sa
mWv? hcnIbpw t]mhpIbpw sNpXv GI
tZiobambXmWv. ANehpw AZriyhpw Hcp
]camWphn t]mepw CmXncnmXpamb
AXns AhXmcsn ]dbpXv hy
bpsS ]p{X hnhmlw sNbvXv ]p{X\pmbn
Fp ]dbpwt]msebmWv.
tNmZyw: Cuiz c Fpw \nd h \m
sW n hn{K l nepw Dv . GsX nepw
hkvXphn Cuizcs\ kev]nv Bcm[np
Xn sXsmWv? t\mq:
\ImjvtT hnZytX tZthm \ ]mjmtW \
79. EtKzZw 7.35.13,
80. bPpthZw 40.8
81. KcpU ]pcmWw. t{]XJWvUw 30/13.
\]mjmtW\ artb FnSv \ inebmw
IZmN\ Fp]mTw.
238
artb `mthln hnZytX tZh kvXkvamZv
`mthmlnImcWav
81
Cuiz c ac n tem In tem ap
sImpmnb hkvXphntem A. kev]
nemWpXv. FhnsS kev]nppthm
AhnsS Cuizckmnyapv.
Dcw: Cuizc k{X hym]nncnp
Xn\m GsXnepw Hcp hkvXphn k
ev]npIbpw A\y{X kev]nmXncnpI
bmsWn, N{Ihnsb k{amPym[nImc
n \npamn Hcp sNpSnens A[n]
\m p Xn\p Xpey am bn cn pw. CsX{X
henb A]am\amWv! Cs\ \n Cuiz
cs\ A] am \n p p. hym] I \m sW n
]qtm n \nv ]pjv ]hpw Cebpw
Cdpv AnpsXn\v? N\w Nmp
sXn\v? [q]w DgnbpsXn\v? sNbpw
tNebpw ]dbpw tImepsImv Xnsmfn
p sX n\v ? \n fpsS ssII fn ep ap
tm ssIIqpsXn\v? Xebneptm
IpnSpsXn\v? APemZnIfneptm?
]ns n \h \nth Zn pp? Pe n ep f f
tm A`ntjIsan\v? Chbnsemw ]cam
mhv hym] I \m W tm. \n hym] I
s\tbm hym]yt\tbm ]qPnpXv? hym]I
s\bmsWn, R Cuizcs\ ]qPnp
sv Fn\p Iw ]dbpp? R inem
]q P I cm sW s p sImp kXyw ]d bp
n?
kev]sam?
C\n ]dbq kev]w kXytam Itam?
kXyamsWp ]dm \nfpsS kev]
ns]v Cuiz c _ \m bn tm Ipw.
IqSmsX \n an kzWcPXmZnIfpw
ine bn sshcw, ac X Iw, apX em b hbpw
IS\pcbn appw, Pen ]mev, ssXcv,
s\v apX em b hbpw s]mSn a n ssaZm,
]kmc apXembhbpw kev]nv Ahsb
A{] Imcw Bm sX mWv ? \n sfm cn
epw ZpxJw kev]nmdn. ]nss\
bmWXpmIpXv? kpJw kZm kev]nm
dp v . Fnepw Fp sIm Xp Inp n.
Am t\{Xs kev]nv ImgvNin
t\Sm sXv ? acWw k ev ]n m dn .
]ns \Xv kw` hn pp? AXp sImv
kev ]w kXy a . Hcp hkv Xp F{] Im c
amtWm A{]Imcw Xs hnNmcnpXns
t]cmWv k ev ]w. An bn An tbbpw
Pen Petbpw AdnbpXmWv k
ev]w. Pen Anbpw Anbn Pehpw
AdnbpXv kev]hncpamWv. Fs\tbm
As\ AdnbpXmWv m\w. A\yYm
Adn bp Xv Am \ am Wv . AXn \m
\n k ev ] hn cp s k ev ] sapw
kev]s kev]hncpsapw ]dbpIbm
Wv.
tNmZyw: thZa{sfsmv Bhmln
pXphsc tZhX hcpn. Bhmlnp
tm DS\Sn hcpp. DmS\w sNptm
t]mhpIbpw sNpp.
Dcw: a{w sNmn Bhmlnptm
tZhX hcpsan hn{Klw FpsImv tNX
\amIpn? DmS\w sNptm hn{Klw
\S p t]m Im sXv ? B tZhX Fhn Sp
mWv hcnI? Ftmp t]mIpw? tIq
Amtc! ]qW\mb ]cammhv hcnIbp
an t]mIpIbpan. \n a{insImv
Cuizcs\ hnfnp hcpppsn, AtX
a{w sImv \nfpsS acnpt]mb ]p{Xs
Bm hns\ hnfnp hcpn ico c n
BmsXv? i{Xphns icocn \nv
Bmhns\ DmS\w sNbvXv sImmsX
mWv ? ipm m fmb ktlm Z c mtc!
tImepw! Cu t]mtlw \nsf I_fnnv
XImcyw t\Sp I bm Wv . thZ fn sepw
inemZn hn{Klmcm[\ Cuizcs Bhml\w,
DmS\w Fnhsbn Hccw DcnbmSnbn
n.
tNmZyw: {]mWm ClmKp kpJw Nncw
XnjvTp kzmlm Btlm KXp kpJw
Nncw Xnjv TXp kzmlm C{n bm Wnlm
Kp kpJw Nncw Xnjpp kzmlx Ch
I thZa{fmWv. ]ns Csp ]d
bpsXmWv?
Dcw: Ft\ Aev]w _pnsbnepw
kzambp]tbmKnq. CXmw hmaamKnI
sIna thZhncpamb X{{Kfn
t]mmscgpXnh hcnIfmWv. thZhmIya
.
82 DXpsImv Csp ]dbpsXv Xmev]cyw
239
X{ anYy
tNmZyw: X{ IamtWm?
Dcw: AsX. Xopw IamWv. inem
Znhn{Klsf kw_n Bhml\w, {]mW
{] Xnjv T apX em b h sb n Hscm a{w
t]mepw thZ fn C. AXp t]mse
kv\m\w ka]bman CXymZn hN\fpan.
AXmbXv ]mjmWmZn aqnw cNbnXzm an
tcjp kwm]y KmZn`ncNtbXv inem
hn {Klw ]WnXv A e n {]Xn jv Tnv
N\w AXw apXembhbm ]qPnWw.
Cs\sbmpw Hpw CXs.
Cuizc ]qPbvp ]Icw asmn
tNmZyw: thZfn hn[nbn. Fn
JWvU\hpw Ctm. JWvU\w Dsn
{]m]vXu kXymw \ntj[x
82
F \ymb
{]Imcw hn{Klw DXpsImp am{XamWv.
Dcw: hn[n bn . Fm Cuiz cs
m\w asmn\p \evIn ]qPncpsXp
hn[nbpw hn{Klmcm[\ Xopw ]mSns
\ntj[hpw Dv. A]qhhn[n
83
DmIm
]mSnsptm? tIq!
1. Aax {]hnin tbfkw`qXnap]m
ktX, XtXm `qbfCh tX XtambfD
kw`qXymMv cXmx(bPp. 40/9)
2. \ Xky{]Xnam AkvXn (bPp. 32/3)
1. bZzmNm\`ypZnXw tb\ hmK`ypZytX
XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZnZap]mktX.
2. b\km\ a\ptX tb\mlpcvat\ma
Xav, XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZnZ ap]m
ktX
3. bp jm \ ]iyXn tb\ N qw
jn, ]iyXn, XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw
bZnZap]mktX
4. tbt{m t{XW \ir tWmXn tb\
t{im{XanZw {ipXav XtZh {_ Xzw hnn
t\Zw bZnZap]mktX
5. bXv{]mtW\ \ {]mWnXn tb\{]mWx
{]WobtX XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw
bZnZ ap]mktX
84
1. Akw`qXnsb AYhm A\mZnbpw A\p
Xv]hpw ImcWcq]hpamb {]IrXnsb {_
ns m\p ]qPnph AImc
n AXmbXv Am\nepw ZpxJkmK
cnepw apntmIpp. kw`qXnsb AYhm
Imc W n \np mb Imcy cq ] fmb
]rYnhymZn `qXtfbpw Iv, acw apXemb
AwKtfbpw a\pjycptSbpw apw icoc
tfbpw {_ns m\p]mknph
B AImctm A[nIamb AIm
c n A Xm bXv alm aq V m Nnc Imew
ZpxJcq]nbmb \cInhoWv almti
f\p`hnpp.
2. PKnsemw hym]nncnp \ncmIm
c\mb B ]cammhns {]Xna]cnamWw,
kmZriyw AYhm hn{Klw C.
1. hmWnbpsS CZm
85
AXmbXv CXv
Pe amWv FSp p sIm pI F Xp t]mse
hnjbamtXtXm GXns [mcWmepw
kbmepw hmWnbpsS {]hrnI \Sp
pthm AXns\ {_sadnbpI. AXns\
D]mknpI. AXn\np `nambXv GtXm
AXv D]mk\oba.
2. a\kn ""Chn[w'' Fv a\\n\p
hnjbambn hcpntbm, Fm a\ns\
AdnbptXtXm AXns\s \o {_sa
dnbpIbpw D]mknpIbpw thWw. AXn
\np `namb Poh, AxIcWw Fn
hsb {_n\p ]Icw D]mkncpXv.
3. In\m ImWm\mhmtXtXm, Fm
Ipw GXn\m ImWppthm AXns\ \o
{_sadnbpI. AXns\ am{Xw D]mknp
I. AXn\n p `n amb i_v Zm Zn Isf
AXns m\v D]mknmXncnpI.
5. {]mW fm Nen n m \m hm Xpw,
Fm {]mW Nen p Xv GXn \m ep
amtWm AXns\ \o {_sadnbpI. AXns\
D]mknpI. AXn \np `namb hmbphn
83. A{]m]vXns\ \ntj[npIsbXmWv ChnsS
A]qhhn[n. CXnt\n Cu {]IcWn
s IqSX hymJym\nppv.
tIt\m]\njZzN\fpsS hymJym\n\ptijw
t\mpI.
84. tIt\m]\njXv 1. 48
85 CZm = CXmWv CXm Fv Nqnmmhp
D
240
s\bpw apw D]mkncpXv.
Cs\ \n tj [ hf sc bp v .
\ntj[w {]m]v X n\pw A{]m ]v X n\pw
Dv. {]m]vXn\vBscnepw HcnSncnp
p. Abmsf AhnsS\nv Fgpt\ev]npI
FXpZmlcWw. A{]m]vXn\v aIt\ \o
Hcnepw tamjvSncpXv, InWnhogcpXv,
ZpjvSkwkKw AcpXv, hnZymlo\\mbncn
cpXv, Cs\ A{]m]vXn\pw \ntj[w Dv.
a\pjycpsS m\n A{]m]vXambXns\
Cuiz cs m\ n {]m ]v X am b Xp
sImv \ntj[npp. AXn\m inemZnhn
{Kl]qP AXyw \njnamIpp.
hn{Klmcm[\ ]m]w
tNmZyw: hn{Klmcm[\bn ]pWyans
nepw, ]m]hpw Ctm?
Dcw:Iw cpXcntebpq Hv
hnlnXw sNtXv Fp thZn {]Xn
]mZnnp kXy`mjWmZnI. cv
\njnwsNcpsXv thZn {]Xn]mZn
np anYym`mjWw apXembh. hnlnXa\p
jv Tn p Xv [ahpw A\p jv Tn m Xv
A[ahpw Bbn cn p Xp t]mse \njn
IsNpXv A[ahpw sNmXv
[ahpamWv. thZfn \njnamb hn{Klm
cm[\bpw apw \n sNp]w ]m]n
bm Im Xn cn p sXs\?
tNmZyw : t\mq! thZ A\mZnbm
Wv . Am ev hn{K l sf n\v ? Av
tZhXI {]Xycmbncpp. ]noSv X{
]pcmWmZnI {]NcnnXmWv Cu coXn.
a\pjycpsS Adnhpw Ignhpw Ipdpt]m
btm Cuizcs\ [ym\n sImph
cm IgnhnmsXbmbn. hn{Kls [ym\n
m\mhpambncpp. AXn\m Am\n
IpXmWv hn{K lm cm [ \. ]Sn ] Sn I
fmbn Ib dn bm ap m hn se mw.
BZys ]Sn hnv Ib dm kmy a .
hn{Klw {]Y a ] Sn bm Wv . CXns\ ]qPnv
]qPnv m\apmbn AxIcWw ]hn
{XamIptm ]cammhns\ [ym\nm\m
hpw. Dw ]Tnph BZyw qe ey
n sImnv ]Tnv ]noSv kqv a
eynepw Atm shSntbm, ]ocnbp
tbm sImn m Ign hp m p
Xpt]mse qeamb hn{Klns\ ]qPnv
]noSv kqv a {_s {]m]n mw.
s]Ip n I ssii h n ]mh Isf
Ippfmbn kev]npp. `mhp
mbn Ignm ]nn. Cs\sbmw
Nnnm hn{Klmcm[\ NoImcya.
Dcw: thZhnlnXamb [aw thZhncp
m N c W n A[aw Fn h bp s
n]ns \nsfp ]dmepw hn{Klm
cm [\ A[a am bn s \ne \np p.
thZhncpamb {K {]amWampXp
sImv \mkvXnI\mhpItb Dq. tImepw:
1. \mkvXntIm thZ\nIx
86
2. bm thZ _mlymx kv arXtbm bm
Im IZrjvSbx kcvhmkvXm\njvêmx t{]
XyXtam\njvTmlnXmx kvarXmx
3. DXv]Zyt Nyht N bm\ytXm \ym\n
Im\nNnXv, Xm\ycvhmmenIXbm \njvêm
\y\rXm\nN.
87
1. thZ\n, AXmbXv thZns A]am\w
XymKw hncpmNcWw Fnh sNpbm
\mkvXnI\mWv.
2. thZ_mlyhpw IpnXcmb BfpIfpm
nbXpamb {K kwkmcs ZpxJkm
K c n Bgv p h bm Wv . Ah \njv ^
ehpw AkXyhpw AImccq]hpw Cl]c
temIfn ZpxJZmbIhpamWv.
3. thZ p hncp ambn Dm Ip
{K B[p\nIfmIbm io{Lw \mi
aSbpp. Ahsb {]amWambn KWnpXv
\njvêhpw IchpamWv.
thZ hn cp am b Xns\ ]pdw Xp Ibpw
thZm\pIqeamb BNcW ssIsmp
Ibpw sNpXmWv [asav {_m apX
ssPan\n
88
hscbp aljnam AwKoI
cn n cp p. Fs m thZw kXym
ns {]Xn]mZIamWv. CXn\p hncpambn
86. a\pkvarXn 2.11
87 Sn. 12.9596
88 hntcmt[Xz\t]yw kymZkXn ly\pam\av.
(aoamwkmZi\w 1.3.3). thZhncpsan
{]amWa. hncpasn {]mamWys
A\pam\nmhpXmWv FYw.
241
F{Xsbnepw X{tam ]pcm Wtam Dm
bmepw thZhncpamIbm IamWv. Ah
bpsS t]mv thZhn]coXambnmWv. Ahbn
]dbp hn{Klmcm[\bpw A[aamWv.
a\pjycpsS m\w PU]qPbm hn
pIbnsp am{Xa, Aev]kzev] m\
apXv \jvSsSpIbpta Dffq. m\nIfpsS
tkhm kwkKsImmsX hn{Klmcm
[\sImv Cuizcs\ [ym\n hcpm
Ftmsgnepw Ignbptam? Ctbn. hn{Klm
cm[\ Hcnepw tkm]m\a. AKm[K
am Wv . IqSmsX B K n \nv Hcp
Imepw csSm\mhn. AXn InSp
NmhpItb Dq. sNdnb [manI hnZzmm
apX alm hnZzmmcmb tbmKnI hscbp
hcpsS kwkKwsImv {]m]np kZzn
Zy, kXy`mjWw apXembh Cuizc{]m]vXn
p tkm]m \ fm Wp X s. hoSns
apI\nebntept]mIm\p GWnSnt]m
se, hn{Kl]qPsNbvXhcmcpw m\nIfmbn
nsp am{Xa, Am\nIfmb hn{Klm
cm[I a\pjyPw hyYamn arXnbSn
tbpq. Ctm sNphcpw C\n sNm
t]mIphcpw a\pjyPnse [amYIm
atamfpsS {]m]vXnbmIp êtfmSv
hnapJcmbn shdpsX \jvSspt]mhpItb
Dq. {_ {]m ]v Xn bv p qe eyw
hn{Klmcm[\b, [manIcmb hnZzmmcpw
krjvSnhnZybpamWv. CXp {ItaW hnIknn
psImphv {_{]m]vXn Dmmhp
XmWv. IqSmsX hn{Klw ]mhsImp Ifn
t]msebpa. Acm`ymkw, \ inWw
FnhbmWv {_{]m]vXnp km[\I.
\ inWhpw hnZym`ymkhpw e`nptm
bYmY DSbh\mb ]cammhns\bpw {]m]n
pXmWv.
hn{Klmcm[\bpsS 16 tZmj
tNmZyw: kmImcambXn a\kv nc
amIpw. \ncmImcn ncamIm {]bm
kamWv. AXn\m hn{Klmcm[\ thXp
Xs.
Dcw: kmIm c n Hcn epw a\kv
nc am hp I bn . AXns\ a\kv s]sp
{Klnv Hmtcmtcm Ahbhnepw amdnamdn
kcnpsImncnpp. \ncmImc\mb ]c
ammhns\ {Klnptm inbp{Xbpw
a\kv HmSnbmepw AXn\v Ahkm\an. \nc
hbhamIbm a\kv NeamIbpan. adnv
AXns KpWIakz`mhsfn Nnnp
Nnnv B\aambn, ncambn `hnpp.
IqSmsX kmImcn ncamIpsan PK
nepXnssbmw a\kv ncamtIXm
bncpp. Fsm PKn a\pjyscmw
kv{Xo]p{Xan{X[\mZn kmImcfn s]p
gepp. \ncmImcn hcpXphsc Bcp
sSbpw a\kv ncamIpn. \nchbhamb
Xn am{Xta a\kv ncamIpIbpq. AXn
\m hn{Klmcm[\ sNpXv A[aamIp
p.
cmaXv At\ItImSncq] t{Xfn
hybw sNbvXv Zcn{Zcmhpp. AXn {]amZap
v .
aqmaXv t{Xfn kv{Xo ]pcpjm
tafnpXp \nanw hy`nNmchpw, elfbpw,
_lfhpw tcmKmZnIfpw DmIpp.
\memaXv CXpXs [amYImaapn
bvp km[\sbp \n\v ]pcpjmYcln
Xambn PohnXw shdpsX ]mgmnfbpp.
AmaXv \m\m{]Imcnep kzcq]
sshcpyw \masshhn[yw, kz`mh Fn
h tbm Sp Iq Snb aqn I fpsS ]qPm cn I
sFIy a Xy c ln X ambn hncp a X fn
{]hnv ]ckv]cw acnv tZis \in
npp.
BdmaXv i{Xphns ]cmPbhpw kzhn
Pbhpw hn{Klsf G]nv anmXncnp
p. HSphn tXmv cmPyns kzmX{yhpw
[\kuJyfpw i{Xphns A[o\Xbnem
pp. Ahcpw ]cm[o\cmbn k{Xmcs
tImhIgpXIsftmsebpw Ipihs IgpX
tbtmsebpw i{Xphn\p hgnsv At\Ihn[
ZpcnX A\p`hnpp.
GgmaXv \nfpsS m\v \np
]Icw Hcp {]Xna aXn. AXp {]XnjvTnpp
Fv Hcp h \m tcm sS nepw ]d bp ]w
Abm {Ip\mbn {]lcnpIbpw iImcnp
Ibpw sNpw. AXpt]mse Cuizcs D]m
k\bvp ]Icw lrZbnepw \manepw
inemhn{Klsf {]XnjvTnp ZpjvS_p
nIsf Cuizc Ipfw tXmnfbpIbnt?
242
Fm a Xv \mSp tXm dp ap t{X fn
{`mp ]n Snv HmSn \ Sv ZpxJ a \p ` hn p p.
[manIhpw sFlnIhpw, ]mcamYnIhpamb
{]hrnI IfpIpfnpp. tNmc]oUn
Xcmbn hIcpsS h\bn s]pgepp.
HXmaXv ZpjvScmb ]qPmcnIv [\w
\Ipp. B [\w thiymKa\w, aZyamwkm
lmcw, elf _lf Fnhbvv Ah
sNehgnpp. CXv ZmXmhns kpJImcWw
\jvSsSpXn\nSbmpp.
]maXv A, A apXemb ]qP\o
bsc A] am \n bpw inemZn hn{K l sf
]qPnpIbpw sNbvXv P\ IrXLv\cmbn
tmIpp.
]Xns\mmaXv Bcm\pw hn{Kl ASn
pSbvptmtgm, lmlmImcw apgn \nehn
fntXmbn hcpp.
]{maXv ]qPmcnI ]ckv{XokwKhpw
]qPm cn Wn I ]c ]p cp j kwKhpw sNbv Xv
{]mtbW Zpjnhcmbn kv{Xo ]pcpj t{]a
ns B\w kzbw \jvSsSppp.
]XnaqmaXv bPam\`rXym Xn
Bm\nhlWw thhn[w \SmbvI
bm ]ckv]cw hntcm[nv A[x]Xnp \in
pp.
]Xn\memaXv PUhkvXphns\ [ym\np
h PU_pnbmbnocpp. Fsm
t[ybnse PUXz[aw \nbambpw Ax
IcWneqsS Bmhn hp tNcpp.
]Xn\maXv kpK]qcnXamb ]pjv]
fpw ap ]Zmfpw Cuizc krjvSn
npXv. hmbp, Pew, apXembhbnse ZpK
s \nhmcWw sNpXn\pw BtcmKy
h\hn\pw thnbmWv. B ]pjv]fpsS
kuc`yw F{X \m BIm i n hym]nv
hmbp, Pew apXembhsb ipoIcnpambn
cp spw ]qW kp Kw ]c p am bn cp
spw AdnhnmsX, ]qPmcnI Ah Cdp
p]dnv CSbvpXs \jvSsSppp.
]qjv]mZnI sNfnbn tNfnv ZpK
ImcWambnocpp. ]pjv]mZnkpKbp
hkvXpsf Cuizc krjvSnXv In
Nmm \mtWm?
]Xn\mdmaXv In Nmnb ]pjv]hpw
N\hpw AXhpw apw Pew, av Fnh
tbmSptNv HgpInbSnv a\jyaetmfw
ZpKw BImin hym]nnpp. Bbn
c W n\p Pohn I AXn hoW Snv
Afnbpp.
Cs\ hn{Klmcm[\ sNpXpsImv
\nch[n tZmj hpIqSpp. AXn\m
inemZnhn{KlfpsS Bcm[\ k\
XyPntXmWv. hn{Klmcm[\ sNbvXhcpw,
sNphcpw sNm t]mIphcpw ap]
d tZmjfn \nv cs]nn. c
s]Spn, cs]SpIbpan.
bYmY ]mbX\]qP
tNmZyw: GsXnepw Xcnep hn{K
lm cm [\ sNbv Itbm sNn tbm ]mSn
tm? Fm Cu Bcym h n
]tZh]qP F {]tbmKw {]mNo\Imew
apX ]c cbm tIp h cp p. inh,
hnjvWp, Aw_nI, KW]Xn, kqcy Fn
h cpsS hn{K l ap mn ]qPn p I sb
]mbX\]qP At CXv?
Dcw: Hcp Xcnepap hn{Klmcm[\
sNbvXpIqSm. Fm hn{KlXpeyw aqn
ammcmb, C\n ]dbphcpsS ]qP AYhm
kXvImcw sNWw. ]tZh]qP Asn
]mbX\]qP hfsc \ AYapff ]Zam
Wv . Fm hn Zym lo \ cmb aq V m
AXns \ AYs XyPnv \nIrjvSamb
AYs kzoIcnp. Cmev inhmZn]
tZ h m cpsS hn{K l ]q P bmbn amdn bn cn
p AXns JWvU\w Ctm sNbvXtX
Dq. Fm thtZmhpw thZm\pIqtem
hpamb bYmY ]mbX\ tZh]qPbpw
hn{Kl]qPbpw FmsWp tIpI:
1. amt\m h[ox ]nXcw tamX amXcav (b
89. bp 1615
90 CXn cp a{`mK ASpp.
BNmcy D]\bamt\m FXv AYhm 11. 5.3
{_NmcnW antX FXv 11.5.17. t]Pv 411 epw
Cu DcWapv.
91. AXnYncvKrlm\mKtXv (15.13.11)
92. EtKzZw 8.69. 8.
93. ssXncotbm]\njXvhn 1. A\phmIw 1.
94 iX]Yw {]]mTI{Ian 14 5.7.10.
A[ymb{Ian 14.6.9.10.
243
Ppx)
89
2. BNmcy D]\bamt\m {_NmcnWan
tX
90
3. AXnYncv Krlm\p] KtXv
91
(AYhw)
4. AcvNX {]mNX {]nbta[mtkm AcvN
X
92
(EtKzZw)
5. Xztah {]Xyw {_mkn Xzmtah
{]Xyw {_hZnjyman. (ssXncob D]
\njv)
93
6. IXa GtIm tZh CXn k {_
XzZnXymN tX
94
7. amXr tZm thm `h ]nXr tZmthm `h
BNmcy tZthm `h AXn YntZthm `hx
(ssXncotbm]\n)jXv
95
8. ]nXr`ncv{`mXr`nssXmx ]Xn`ncvtZh
ssckvXYm ]qPym `qjbnXhym _lpI
eymWan]vkp`nx
96
9. ]qtPym ln tZhhXv ]Xnx (a\pkvar
Xn)
97
1. aqnaXnbpw ]qP\obbpamb tZhX
AbmWv. km\ icoc, a\, [\
fm tkh\w sNbvXv Asb kpjvSbm
Ww. lnwk AYhm ]oU\w Hcn epw
sNcpXv.
2. kXvImctbmKy\mb cmas tZh
A\mWv. At\bpw Atbtmse ip{iq
jnWw.
3. aqmaXv hnZy \Ip BNmcy\mWv.
Atltbpw icoca\[\fm tkhn
Ww.
4. \mem as tZh AXn Yn bmWv
hnZzm\pw [manI\pw \njvI]S\pw, Fmh
cptSbpw DXn B{Klnpbmfpw Fmbn
Spw kcnv ktXym]tZiw sNbvXv Bfp
Iv kuJyw \evIpbmfpamb AXnYnsb
kXvImc]qhw tkhnWw.
5. kv{Xobvv kz`mhpw ]pcpj\p kz`m
cybpw ]qPycmWv. Cu Av aqnammcmb
tZhIfpsSbpw kwKm a\pjytZlns
DXv ] n, ]me\w kXy in Ww, hnZy,
ktXym]tZiw Fnh {]m]vXamIpp. Ch
bmWv Cuiz c {]m ]v Xn p tkm]m \ .
Chsc ip{iqjnmsX inemZnhn{Klsf
]qPnph henb thZhntcm[nIfmWv.
tNmZyw: amXm ]n Xm m scbpw apw
tkhnpXnt\msSmw hn{Klmcm[\bpw
sNpXpsImv tZmjsampw Ctm.
Dcw: inem Zn hn {K l fpsS ]qP
khYm XyPnbpw Atbtmep aq
cq]sf ip{iqjnpIbpw sNpXnemWv
Fmhn[ awKfhpw DffXv. kmm amXmhv
apX emb {]Xy kpJ Zm bI tZh Isf
shSnv tZhIfm inemZnhn{KlfpsS
apn XeXpXv henb A\Y ImcW
amWv.
amXm]nXmmcpsS apn ss\thZytam
D]lmctfm kanm AhcXv kzoIcn
pIbpw `npIbpw sNpw. Atm X
fpsS hbnngp appw AXn\m inemhn{K
l Dmn AXn\papn ss\thZyw
Fgpsnv, aWnbSnv, Cnw sImnbpw
]qvZw hnfnpw iwJv DuXnbpw tImemle
ap mn ssI{In b Im nbpw \o X hn c
{Kln , t`mP \ ] ZmY fm Is Rm\pw
{Klnmw. (XzaMvKpjvTw KrlmW, t`mP\w
]ZmYw hm lw {Klobman) Fns\ Hcp
h asm cp hs\ hntm Im] Sy ntem
Ahs apn \nv Fmw FSppsImp
t]mbn. A\p`hnpXpt]mse A]lcW
amWv Cu ]qPm cn I AYhm ]qP F
kXvIans i{Xp
98
sNpXv. Cu
aqVm BUw_c]qw inemhn{Klsf
hfsc `wKnbmbn tamSn]nSnnv, kzbw sIm
m sc tmse thjw amdn ]mh s _pn
lo\cmb A\mYcpsS sNehn [qSnv
kpJnpp. [manI\mb GsXnepw cmPm
hpmbncpsn Cu inem{]nbmsc Ip
Sbvmt\m, sImmt\m, hoSp sImt\m hnv
Dm\pw DSpm\pw sImSpv Imet]w
Ignnts\.
95. ssXncotbm]\njv hn1A\p11.
96 a\pkvarXn 3/55
97. a\pkvarXn 5/144 D]Ncyx kv{Xnbm
km[vhymkXXw tZhhXv ]Xnx Fpv 98. ]qPm + Acn = ]qPmcn. Acn = i{Xp
244
tNmZyw: kv {XoI fp tSbpw apw {]Xna
ImWp tm Imtam Xv ] n bp mhpw
t]mse hoX cm K\pw im Nn \p amb
{]Xna ImWpttm hncnbpw imnbpw
DmhpIbnt?
Dcw: Dm hm Xc an . B hn{K l
ns PUXz [aw Bmhn hcnIbm
hnthN\m in Ipdbpw, hnthIanmsX hnc
n tbm, hnc n bn msX hnm \ tam,
hnm\anmsX imntbm DmhpIbn.
Ipd p h Xpw Dm Ip p sh n AXv
kwkKw, D]tZi{ihWw, CXnlmkmZnI
fpsS ]T\w Fnhbn \nv DmIpXm
Wv . KpW tZm j tf h sb dn bm hs
{]Xna ImWpXpsImv {]oXnbpmhpIbn
, {]oXnbpsS ImcWw KpWtZmjm\am
Wv.
C{] Im c ap hn{K lm cm [\ apX emb
NoImcWfm am{XamWv Bcyh
n sImcpXm ]qPmcnI `np,
apXemb Aekcpw ]pcpjm clnXcpamb
tImSn W n\p a\p jy cp m b Xv . temI
sapw Ch aqVX ]cn, Ifhpw NXnhpw
hfsc hym]np.
tNmZyw: Imin bn hv Adw K ko_v
N{Ihnsb emSss`chm henb Ap
X ImWnXmWv. apkamm Ahsc
XIphm sNtm, AhcpsS t\v
]ocnbp hjnp. Atm henb hp
I ]dp hv ssk\ys Ipnpc
n.
Dcw: CXv Ins ApX{]IS\a.
AhnsS hnIqSv Dmbncpncnmw. Ah
kz`mth\ {IqccmWv. Ahsb Bscnepw Cf
n hn m Ipm hcpw. oc [m c bpsS
ApXw ]qPmcnbpsS XamibmWv.
tNmZyw: t\mq! tv Zi\w \evIm
Xncnphm thn almtZh Hcp InW
nepw thWo am [ Hcp {_mW Krl
nepw sNv Hfnncpp. CXpw ApX
at?
Dcw: sImmw. Imess`ch\pw emSss`
c h\pw ap `qX t{] X fpw Kcp U K Whpw
Imhm cm bn cn s ap kam msc
FXnv HmSn m sXv ? alm tZ h
hnjvWp FnhcpsS ]pcmWfn {Xn]pcm
kpct\tmep `bc ZpjvSmsc `kvaam
n f sp IY bp tm apkam
msc Fp sImv `kv a am n bn? ]mhw
In\v bpw sNmt\m sNnmt\m Ign
bpIbnsv CXn\np knnpp. apo
t{Xfpw hn{Klfpw XIpSv
]mpIbdn Iminbvp kao]w htm
]qPm cn I Ienw K sa Spv InW n env
thWoam[hs\ {_mWKrln Hfnn
XmWv. Imess`chs\ `bsv baZqX Imin
bn IbdpIbnspw {]fbn t]mepw
Iminsb \innm\\phZnbnspw ]d
bpXv t\cmsWn t`Smsc `bsSp
msXmWv? XfpsS bPam\mcpsS
t{X sf kwc n m Xn cp sXv ?
CsXmw t]mpambIfmWv.
Kbm{imw
tNmZyw: Kbbn {imw sNbvXm ]nXr
]m] ap cm bn, Ahn Sps {im
ns ]pWy {] `m h m kzK n
t]mIpsaXpw, ]nXr ssI\on _en
]nWv Uw kzoI cn p sa Xpw icn bm Wv .
CXpw IamtWm?
Dcw: Xopw Iw. AhnsS ]nWvUw
hbv p Xn C{Xbpw al Xz ap s n,
]Wv U
99
Iv ]nXr ku Jy n\p thn
\Ip eWn\p cq] Ah Kbbn
thiymKa\n\pw apw NnehgnpXn
hcp ]m]w FpsImv Xocpn? Ctm
AhnsSbmcpw ssI\omdn. ]WvUIfmsX.
GtXm kq{Ximen `qan Ipgnv Kplbpmn
AXn Hcphs\ Ccpnbncnmw. Ipgnbn
Z`hncnv ]nWvUw hXv Abm ssI\on
FSp n cn mw. Am \n bmb [\ hms\
Cs\sImbSnsn AXnepXan.
AXp t]mse sshP \m Ys\ cmh W
sImphs IYbpw IamWv.
tNmZyw: t\mq! Ievbn Imfn,
Iamn apXemb tZhnIsf eWn
99. ]WvU ]qPmcn. ]WvUnv FXns
NpcpamWnXv. {_mWs\ hnfnp
t]cmWv ]WvUnv.
245
\m fp I ]qPn p p. CXv henb aln a
bt?
Dcw: Hpan. Cu Am Bn]
t tmse Hn \p ]nt Hs hw
t]mIptXbpq. InWn hoWmepw hI
h bv p I bn . AXp t]mse Hcp Am \n
bpsS ]nt t]mIp aphcpw hn{Klmcm
[ \ bm Ip K ns]v hf sc mew
ZpxJw A\p`hnpp.
tNmZyw: t]mI s. AsX p am I s.
Fm PKmYv {]Xyamb alnaI
]eXpaptm. Hcp {]XnjvTamn {]XnjvTn
ptm, N\Sn IShn kap{Zn
\nv X\ntb hSnbpw. ASpv Hn\pap
I fn Hmbn Ggp Am hp I hm
Ghpw apIfn \nv XmtgmWv ]mIambn
hcpXv., PKmYnse {]kmZw `nm
h Ipjv T tcm Kn I fm bn o cp p. cYw
X\ntb Dcpfpp. ]m]nIv Zi\w e`n
pn. C{Za\ns `cWImev tZh
I ]WnXXmWv Cu t{Xw. ]p\x{]XnjvT
mev Hcp cmPmhpw Hcp ]WvUbpw Hcp
X\z\pw acnpp. Cu alXzsfmw s]mfn
bmsWp ]dbm \nmhn.
Dcw: ]{p hjw PKmYnse
]qPmcnbmbncp Hcm hnc\mbn aYpc
bn hncpp.
100
Atls Iv Cm
cysfn tNmZnp. Fmw IamsW
tlw ]dp. Nnnm \nWbnmhp
Xn{]ImcamWv. ]p\x{]XnjvT\Sptm
Bscnepw Hcp N\Sn hn Ibn
kap{Zn sImnSpw. XncbSnv AXv Ic
bvSnbpw. AsXSpv Bimcnam hn{Klap
mpw. AXpt]mse XnSnbn ampw
{]thi\an, hmXn ASnncnpw. `qanbn
\mep Nppw BdSppIfpw a[yn N{ImIr
Xnbn HcSppw Dmpw. AmhpIfpsS
101
ASnbn s\pw apw Nmchpw Ipgp ]pcn
Bdp ASppIfn tNmdpmpw. AhbpsS
]pdw IgpIn \Sps Amhn Atm Acn
bn Spw. AXn\p apI fn Bdv Am hp I
hbvpw. Bdv ASppIfpsSbpw apJw Ccpp
]mfnsImv aqSpw. Fnv sXmgm h [\m
Vy\pw hnpsn hnfnp ImWnpw.
apIfnes AmhpIfn \nv tNmdpw ASn
bnes Amhn \nv Acnbpw FSpp
ImWnnp ]dbpw:""Amhn\v Fsnepw
ImWnbnSq'' "IpcpS\mb ]pXpaSnoemc'
DSs\ ImWn hbvpw. Nne {]Xnamk hgn
]mSpw GmSmpw.
iq{ZhrnIfmb XmtgnSm t{X
n ss\thZyw sImphcpw. ss\thZyw
Ign Xpw AX h Fn em pw. ]noSv
Amhnse tNmdv hnebvsSpph AXp
honsenpw. Zo\cpw Zcn{Zcpw km[pkw
\ymknamcpw Krlcpw iq{Zcpw AyPcpw
Fmw Hnncpv ]nt`mP\w \Sn ]c
kv]cw Blmcw \evIngnpp. Hcp ]n
Fgp t m ASp Xn\v AtX Ce I fn
hnfpp. alm A\mNmcw Xs. hfsct
Ahn sS s m Fnep XnmsX kzbw
]mIw sNbvXv Dpp. Bpw IpjvTw hcm
dn. PKmY]pcnbns {]kmZw Ign
m At\Icpv. Ahmpw IpjvT
tcmKtam atm hcpn. IqSmsX PKmY]p
cnbn \nch[n IpjvTtcmKnIfpv. \nXyhpw
Fnep Xnnpw AhcpsS tcmKw amdpn.
Cu PKmYn hmaamKnI Hcp ss`c
hoN{Iw Dmnbnpv. kp`{Z {ioIrjvW
tbpw _ecmasbpw ktlmZcnbmWtm.
cp ktlmZcmcpsSbpw a[yn `mcybp
sSbpw AbptSbpw m\w \In Ccpn
bncnpp.
102
ss`choN{Ianembncps
n Cs\ hcnmbncpp.
103
cYns N{In DtmeIw LSnn
npv. AXp hetmp Xncnm cYw Dcp
100. aljn AhnsS ]Tnp Imes
kw`hambncnWw
101. Amhv henb Ncphn\v a[ytIcfn
]dbp t]cv. lWvUm Fv aqe]Zw.
102. {]mNo\ `mcXob coXnb\pkcnv b
ImcynsemgnsI `mcysb hma`mKpw Am
kv{XoIsf hepw CcppIbmWv ]Xnhv.
CcphcpsSbpw a[yn kp`{Zsb
Ccpnbtm Hcmfns CSpw atbmfns
hepw Bbntmbn. As\ Hcmfns `mcy,
atbmfns amXmhv Fo m\ hp
tNcpp.
103. PKmYnse t`mKmIfmb {]Xnam
inev] CXp ncsSppp.
246
fpw. ctYmha[ynseptm Xncnp
Idpw. Atm cYw \npw. ]qPmcnI
hnfnpIqhpw: ""Zm\w sNq. ]pWyw sNq.
PKmY {]kmZnv cYw \Ss. \psS
[w hmgs''. ImWn XocpXphsc Cu
hnfnpIqh XpScpw. XocmdmIptm Hcp
{hPhmkn \ hkv{XfWnv s]mmS
]pXv ssIIqn\nv {]mnpw: ""Atbm
PKmYkzmao! AhnSpp Zbhmbn cYw \S
nmepw. RfpsS [as cntW!''
Cs\ {]mYnv kmjvSmwKw \akvIcnnv
cY n te dp p. Atm Dtm eIw he
tmp Xncnpw. PbPb i_vZw apgn Bbn
cWn\mfpI Ibdphenptm cYw
Dcpfpp.
hfscb[nIw BfpI sXmgm hcp Cu
henb t{X n kh{X Ccp m Wv .
]It]mepw hnfpInmte ImgvNInq.
hn{Kln\v Ccphip\npw hennSmhp
adioe ]nSnnnpv. ]WvUIfpw ]qPmcn
Ifpw AIp\npw. Hcp hip \nevp
]WvU NcSphenptm adioe henbpw.
hn{Klw A{]XyamIpw. DSt\ Ah hnfnp
]dbpw:""ImWnbnSq. \nfpsS ]m]samgn
bpw. Atm Zi\w Inpw. thK am Is''
]mhs ipmmsf Cu kq{XimenI
sImbSnpw. Atm hopw NcSp hen
pw. adioe amdpw. hn{Klw ImWmdmIpw. Pb
Pb ]dv CcpSntbv XnckvIrXcmb Ah
t]mIpIbpw sNpw.
C{Za\s hwim Ctmgpw I
bnepv. tZhyp]mkI\pw [\mVy\pamb cmPm
hmbncp Atlw eWn\p cq] sNe
hgnv t{Xw ]Wnbnp. Bcymhnse
P\v ]Wn sNbvXm `Wsanepw
In s sbp Icp Xn bmWv CXp sNbv X Xv .
]t aqVmcptm hnSpp. tZhm Fp
]dbpXv t{Xw ]WnX inev]nI Xs
bmWv. cmPmhpw ]qPmcnbpw X\pw Atm
acnpn., AhcmWhnSps {][m\nI.
Ah cpsS A\p hm Z tm Sp IqSn ]p\x {]
XnjvTmkabv lmPcpff sNdnbhv ZpxJw
\evInmWpw. Ahscmw Xabw lmPcm
bncnpw. hn{Kln\Iw s]mbmbnmWv
]WnbpXv. AXn\pn Hcp kzWsn
kmf{Kmaw hbvpp. AXp IgpIn Znhkhpw
Nc Wm arXw Dm p p. Xtep cm{Xn
AXn hnjw ]pcn hp Im Wpw. ]ntv
AXp IgpInsmSptm Ah aqhcpw acn
ncnmw. Cs\bmWv NsXnepw hb
pngpImcmb ]WvUI. PKmY icocw
amnb Ahkcn Chsc aqhscbpw IqsS
smpt]mbn Fp ]dp]cn. A\ys
[\w ssIemm Cs\ ]eXpw sNbvXp
hbvmdpv.
cmtaizcnse enMvKalXzw
tNmZyw: cmtaizcn KwtKm{Xnbnse
Pew sImv A`ntjIw sNptm inh
enwKw hepXmIppv. CXpw Itam?
Dcw: Iw. B t{Xnepw ]I
CcpmWv. cm]I hnfp thWw. Pe[mc
Hgpptm Pen hnfns Pzme {]Xn
_nw_npw. AmsXmpan. Iv Npcpp
Itbm hfcpItbm C. F{Xtbm A{XXs
bmbncnpw. CsXmw Imnqn ]mhsf
sImbSnpp!
tNmZyw: cmtaizcw {iocma {]XnjvTn
Xm Wv . hn{K lm cm [\ thZ hn cp am sW
n {iocm a Fs\ hn{Klw {]Xn
jvTnpw? hmevaoIn AsXs\ cmambW
nsegpXpw?
Dcw: {iocmas Imev B t{Xtam
enMv Ktam Dm bn cp tX bn . Fm
ZmnWmXy\mb cma F cmPmhv B A
eapmn cmtaizcw Fp t]cnXp t\cm
Wv. {iocma koXtbmsSmw, l\pamsbpw
apw IqsS ebn \np ]pdsv BImi
amtKW hnam \ n Atbm [y bn tep
t]mtm {iocma koXtbmSv ]dp:
A{X ]qcv h almtZhmx {]kmZaItcmZzn`px
tkXp _ CXnhnJymXav (hmevaoIn cm.
em. Im.)
104
""kotX \ns hntbmKm hymIpecmb
R ChnsS Xncbth ChnsS NmXpamky
a \p jv Tn p. Cuiz tcm ]m k \bpw [ym\hpw
sNbvXp. kh{X hn`phmb tZhtZh alm
104. kKw 123. tmIw 22. AhnsS tkXp_
CXnJymXsap ]mTw.
247
tZ h, ]c am mhv Ir] sN bv I bm Fm
kma {Kn Ifpw Chn sS \np e`n p. t\mq!
AXp\nanamWv tkXp_\w sNbvXv e
bn hv cmhWs\smv \nssImph
Xv. CXnpdw hmevaoIn asmpw FgpXn
bn n .
ImenbmIm\pw UtImPnbpw
tNmZyw: ImenbmIm ]Inptm
knt\ lpm henntm.
105
ZnW
tZiv ImeobmIms\smcp aqnbp
v. CXv Cpw lpm
106
henpp. hn{K
lmcm[\ IamsWn Cu amlmyw
IamWtm?
Dcw:Iw Iw CsXmw t]mpeo
ebmWv. Cu hn{Klns hmbv s]mbm
bn cn Ww. ]n h i p IqSn `n n hgn
ASp sInSntep Cu Zzmcw t]mIp
pmbncnpw. lpm \ndv hn{Klns
hmbpambn LSnnv ]qPmcn CdntmIpw.
]pdInes sInSnencnpbm Ahn
Sncpv IpgenqSn henptm lpbn
Kpfp Kpfp i_v Zw tIpw. hn{K l ns
aqnqSnbpw Zzmcw ImWpw. ]nn\npw
DuXnsmSpptm hmbnepw aqnepw IqSn
]pI hcp Xmhmw. At\Iw aqV m tcmSv
]Ww ]nSpn Ahsc Zcn{Zcmphm Ccw
]WnI aXn.
tNmZyw: t\mq. ZzmcIbnse UtImPn

107
bpsS hn{Klw Hcp `s IqsSt]mbn.
Im]WanS kzWw At\Iw av `mcap
hn{Kln\p kaambn Xqn. Chbpw amlm
yfsptm?
Dcw: A. ` hn{Klw IpsImp
t]mbncnmw. Im]WanS kzWw hn{Kl
n\p kaamsbXv GtXm ImhpISbn
hp ]dXmImw.
tkma\mYt{Xhpw Kkv\nbpw
tNmZyw: tkma\mYhn{Klw \newsXmSm
sXbmWv \nncpXv. CsXmcp almpXw
Xs bm bn cp p. AtXm CXpw anYy
bmtWm?
Dcw: anYyXs. t{Xn Iogvta
Im p I ]nSn n n cp p. AXns
BIj W n hn{Klw B[m c an msX
\nXmWv. alZv Kkv\n hv bpw sNbv
Xtm Cu t{Xsfmw XIp F
Ap X ap m bn. ]qPm cn Ifpw ` mcpw
IjvSmhbnembn. eWn\p `Sm
]Xn\mbncw `SmtcmSv tXmtmSn. Atm
t]mmcpw ]qPmcnIfpw almtZh! Cu t
msc sImv Rsf cnmepw Ft]
nv ]qPbpw, app]mSpInSepw, kvXpXnbpw,
{]mY\bpw \SpIbmbncpp. Fnv kzin
jymcmb cmPmmtcmSv ""AhnSpp hnj
ant. almtZh ss`cht\tbm hoc`{Z
s\tbm Abbvpw. Ah tmsc sImp
Itbm A cm p Itbm sNp w.
Ctms \psS tZhm {]Xycm
Ipw. Fp am {X a R sfm Imcy fpw
Gsv l\pam\pw, ZpKbpw ss`ch\pw kz]v \
n Acpfnbnpv. Fp ]dv kmz\
s Sp n. B ip m cmb cmPm mcpw
{Xnbcpw t]mmcpsS ]nemnsv
tIXv hnizknncpp.
F{X sb nepw tPymXn jn I Ctm
B{Ianm ]nb aplqa Fp ]d
bpw. AjvSan N{\pv Fsmcp
105. cMvKv ssl ImenbmImv tIm Pnkvt\ lpm
]nembkv tIm.
106. \mep`mKfp D]IcWamWv lp. Ghpw
ASnbn shw \nd ]nftbm atm
sImp ]m{Xw. AXns apI`mKp\nv
]pIhenm\p \o Ipg, B ]m{Xn\Sn
hiwhsc \op \np ]pIpg.
]pIpgens apIfn Nnew Fp]dbp
]pIbnse s\cntmSv. s\cntmSn ]pIbnebnv
Icn\ \ndbvpp. ]pIhenm\p \o
IpgeneqsS henptm shneqsS ]pI
hv IpgeneqsS henmcs hmbnsepp.
Cs\ henptm Kpfp Kpfp i_vZw
]pdsSpw. lpI ]eXcapv.
107. Utm FXv Tcx (hnjvWp) F
kwkvIrXi_vZns A]{`wiamWv. Tmq,
SmKq, SmtKm apXembhbpw.
108. t kwbvv apkamm FYan.
Ahyambn ]dbph FmWYw.
(t Ahyt i_vtZ). IqSmsX tKmamwk
`tIm bkvXp temI_mly`mjtX,
khmNmc hnlot\mku t CXy`n[obtX.
tKmamwk Ìcpw, hntZi`mj kwkmcnp
hcpw BNmclo\cpambhcmWv t.
(Aacw ]mctaizcn, ImWvUw2. iq{ZhKw 20)
248
]d bp tm tbmKn\n apn ep s mIpw
cma. Cs\ ]eXcw NXnIfneIsv
cmPmm ]SsbmcpmXncpp. tm
108
hp hf tm \nev n bn msX
Fmhcpw HmSn. F{Xsbnepw t]mmscbpw
]qPmcnIsfbpw injymscbpw ]nSnIqSn ]qPm
cnI XmWphoWv At]np. aqptImSn
cq]m Xcmw. Aehpw hn{Klhpw XIm
Xn cp m aXn. Atm apkam m
]dp: R _pXv]ckvXc.
109
_pXvin
I m cm Wv . AXm bXv hn{K l kw c I c .
hn{Kl `RvPIcmWv. Ah Aew XIp
Ifp. taqc XIp hoWtm Im
pw CfIn. hn{Klw Xmsg hoWp. hn{Kl
apStm ]Xns\ptImSn cq]bpsS cXv \
]pdp ht{X. ]qPmcnIpw t]m
mpw NnbSn Inbtm Icn XpS
n. JP\mshhnsSsbmbn A{IanI. ASn
sImp ]pftm ImnsmSpp. Ah
ASn p s]m fn v sIm sN bv Xp. t]m
mscbpw injymscbpw ASnsImSpv ASn
aIfmn tKmXp s]mSnpI, ]pp]dnp
I, aeaq{XmZnI tImcpI apXemb tPmen
I \In. Xnm s]mcn ISeam{Xw sImSp
p. IjvSw Xs. inem]qP sNbvXv Fn
\ns\ \inSnp? FpsImv Cuizc
]qP sNbv Xn? sNbv Xn cp s n t m
cpsS ]SnpsImgnv Pbw t\Smambncpp.
F{X hn{Kl ]qPnncppthm A{Xbpw
t]mcmfnIsf ]qPnncpsn F{X hnPb
ap m tbt\. ]qPm cn I Cu ine Isf
C{Xbpw ]qPnp. Fnepw Hscw t]mepw
Fgptv i{Xphns XebvSnn. iqcho
c m cmb ]p cp j msc hn { K l n s
m\p ]qPn n cp s n Ah B{in
Xsc klm bn p Ibpw i{Xp sf Aa
sNpIbpw sNpambncpp.
Dnb hym]mcw
tNmZyw: Zzmc I bnse ctOm Uv Pn,
\koalvXmbvv Dnb
110
Abv ISw
honb IYbpw IamtWm?
Dcw: GtXm ]Whym]mcn ]Ww \In
bn cn mw. {ioIr jv W Ab Xm sWv
Btcm Itcp hXpamImw. 1914mw kwh
cn CwojpIm Aefpw hn{K
l fpw ]oc n hp XI tm Cu
aqn I FhnsS t]mbn cpp? Fm
_mtLdnI F{X hocambn t]mcmSn i{Xp
sf \innp.
111
hn{Klv Hcp Cu
m HSn m t]mepw Ign n . {ioIr
jv W s\ tmse Bsc nepw Dm bn cp s
n Chsc sIpsInpambncpp. cI\v
ASn sIm m B{inXs Imcy sap ]d
bm?
PzmemapJnbpw lnwKemPpw
tNmZyw: PzmemapJw {]XytZhXbm
Wv . khhpw `n p p. {]kmZw Xcp
tm ]IpXn `nv _mn ]IpXn Xcp
p. apK N{I hn am AXn tXmSp
shn sh sam gnp t\mn. Ccp p Nn
Iagvn hpw t\mn. Fnpw Pzme AW
n, \nepan. AXpt]mse lnwKem
Pv
112
]mXncmbvv khmcn sNbvXv ]hn
{]Xysv ]hXs Knnpp.
N{Iq]w (InW) Dds Icbpp. tbm\o
109. _pXv F ]Zw "_p' kwbpsS
A]{`wiamWv. ]mck (t]jy) tZip apv
_p{]XnaI am{Xta Dmbncppp Fv
]WvUnv `Khv, "`mcXob kwkvIrXo
Im _rlZv CXnlmk''n.
110. Dnb = lpn ]Wov. Hcp {_mW
\koalXbpsS ASpp sNv sNehn\p ]Ww
tNmZnp. \kobpsS ] ]Wanmbncpp.
]Icw {ioIrjvWs t]cn Hcp Dnb FgpXn
sImSpp. {_mW AXv {ioIrjvWhn{Kl
n\p apn kanp. DSs\ Xs AXv ]W
ambn amdn Fv `nhnPbw F admn {K
n Dv.
111. hn{IakwhcamWnXv . Cwojv hjtm 57
hjw apnemWv hn{Iakwhcw. 1914 hn{Ia
kwhcw 1857 G.Un. bmWv. Hmw kzmX{y
kacmew. aljn CXn ]sSpncpXmbn
tcJIfpv.
112 Dtcybnse dnwhmiltUm F
{]tZis Hcp {KmanemWv Cu B{IaWw
\SXv. 1857se Hmw kzX{ykacn Cu
{]tZis Hcp hKamb _tLepI Cwojp
ImtcmSv Gpapn. CXv APvaodn\np {]kno
Icnp "]tcm]Imcn' F amknIbpsS 1975
sk]vXw_ en ]ckyw sNbvX "hnym
`q`mKvtaw aljnZbm\ kckzXo Im ]cn{à
Ghw hn{imav' F, KtWiv {]kmZv kmlbpsS
teJ\n {]Xn]mZnnpv.
249
b { n eq sS Ib dn bn d n bm
]p\w DmhpIbn. Tpac (Ipnp
cp) amebWnmte ]qW\mb almm
hm Iq. lnwK em Pn t]mbn hcm h
AalmmthbmIq. CsXmw Ahniz
k\obtam?
Dcw: Ahn iz k \obw Xs. ] X
n \nv XoPzme ]pdsSpXmWv Pzmem
apJn. Fmw ]qPmcnIfpsS hnNn{XtIfnIfm
Wv. Icnbn s\smgnv Xmfnmthn
NqSmptm AXn Xo ]nSnpp. FSp
pampItbm DuXpItbm sNbvXm AXW
bpw. Iptd s\v Fcnp Xon cn pw.
_mn tijnpw. CXpt]msemcp kw`hta
AhnsSbpq. ASpn Fnmepw In
cnbpw. hontem Imntem Xo ]nSnm Fmw
shpt]mIpw. CXn FmWv hntijambp
Xv? Hcehpw IpWvUhpw Apanpw
Iptd Pe\nKa\nIfpw HgnsI.
lnwKemPn Hcp khmcnbpan.
113
DXv
t]mmcpsSbpw ]qPmcnIfpsSbpw Ifn am{X
am Wv . shhpw sNfn bpw \n d Hcp
IpWv Uapmn hn p v . AXn \Sn bn
\np Ipanf hcpw. AXp ImWpXmWv k^
e bm {X sbp aqV m [cn p p. tbm\o
b{w [\ a ] l cn m Dmnh Xm Wv .
Ipn am e bpsS Imcyhpw t]mp I fn bm Wv .
AXpsInbm almmhmIpsan Hcp arK
ns\smv IpnpcpamebpsS NpaSv Npa
nm AXpw alm]pcpj\mIptam? henb
Da ]pcpjmw sImt alm]pcpj\m
hq.
AarXkckpw Aac\mYhpw apw
tNmZyw: AarX kcknse Ipfw \ndsb
AarXamWv. ]pfnnmbpsS ]IpXn a[p
c ap Xm Wv . tdhmk dn h
X\nsb Acbnsc ISpp. Aac\m
Yn inhenwKw X\nsb DmIpp. lnam
e b n CW {]m hp I hv Zi\w
\In aSpp. CsXmw hnizknm
]mSnmXmtWm?
Dcw: AarXkckv
114
FXv B Ipf
ns t]cp am{XamWv. AhnSw ImSmbncp
tm AXnse shw ipambncpncnmw.
AXv AarXmbncpsn AXp IpSnh,
]pcmWhnizmknI hnizknpXp t]mse
acncpXmbncptm. `nn hoWpt]mImsX
Ip\nbpI am{Xw sNp Xcn \nan
Xm hmw. ]pfn n bn at sX nepw ac n
Hnp ]nSnntXm, Asn ips]mfntbm
Bbncnpw. tchmkdn
115
sNmSw ]Wn
ncnpXn Ftm IWnbpv. Aa
c\mYn apsImv h]hXw Dm
Ipp. Atm PeIW Ddv sNdnb
enMvKw DmIpXnsemWmcyw? ]qPm
cnI hfp amS{]mhpIsf Xpdp hnSp
tm Ah {]XysSpw. aeIfpsS adhn
\nv hnSpXmImw. {]Zinnv ]Ww ]nSp
ppapmImw.
lcZzmcpw apw
tNmZyw: lcZzmc, kzKZzmcamWv. lIo
ss]Un AYhm inhs IShn kv\m\w
sNbvXm Fm ]m]fpw Hgnbpw. Xt]m
h\n Xmaknm X]kznbmIpw. tZh
{]bmK, KwtKm{Xnbnse tKmapJw, DcIm
inbn Kp]vXImin, {XbpK\mcmbW Ch
XoY m\fmWv. tIZmcw, _Zco\mcm
bWw FnhnSfnse ]qP Bdpamkw a\p
jy cpw, Bdp amkw tZh mcpw \S p p.
almtZhs apJw t\mfnemWv, AXns\
]ip]Xnsbp hnfnpp. ]rjvTw tIZmc
nepw, Ducp XpwK\mYnepw ]mZ
Aa c \m Y n ep am Wv . Chn S fn
Zi \w, kv ]i \w, kv \m\w Fnh
113. knnep Hcp ZpKmt{XamWv lnwKemPv.
CtmgnXv ]mInm\nemWv.
114. AarXkcknse kzW ancn\p Nppap
kckmWnXv.
115. lnamNense knwebvSp eamWnXv.
ChnSps hrmIrXnbnep XSmIn\v 30
aotdmfw Npfhpv. 45 aotdmfw Bghpw. ChnsS
ImpsImv Ascbnsc HgpIn \Sp Hcp
sNmSapv. AXp aqp hfn ]SpXpw
Ipw apw \ndv sNSnI hfcpXpamWv.
CXv HgpIn \SpXv HcpXambn ]qPmcnI
Nn{XoIcnpp. tdhm FXn\v s\ns
RmpXSsamWYw. ChnsS s\Irjnbpv.
Rmdp ]dnv sIpIfmn DWmXncnm Cu
hfn shw Xfnv kqnncnmw.
{ItaW ap \ndv sNSnI hfp XpSn
bXmhmw Fv Pn.]n. D]m[ymb ]dbpp.
(k.{]. Cwojv Xa)
250
sNbvXm apn e`npp. tIZmcw _Zcn
FnhnSfn \nv kzKp t]mI W
san t]mImw. Cmcysfs\bpv?
Dcw: lcZzmcw hS ]hXfnte
p {]thi\ ZzmcamWv. lIoss]Un Hcp
IpfnShns ]ShpIfmWv. kXyn AXv
lmUvss]Un (Fn ]ShpI) bt{X. Fs
m \mSmb\msSmap acnhcpsS Fp
I ChnsSbmWtm hogpXv.
116
]m]w Hcn
epw IgpInbm XocpIbn. A\p`hnp
Xot ]q. Xt]mh\w Fsnepw Dm
bncpncnmw. CtmgXv `nph\amWv. Xt]m
h\n t]mbn ]mpXpsImv Bcpw
Xm]k\mIpn. X]kp sNbvsXnte BIq
Fsm AhnsS Iw ]dbp hym]mcn
Ifpw Htsdbpv. Ah X]kznIftm.
"lnahXx {]`hXn KwKm'. ]hXn\p
apIfn\nv Pew HgpIpp. tKmapJns
BIrXn ]Ww ]nSpnIfpmnbXmWv. B
]hXw t]mmcpsS kzKamWv. AhnSps
DcIminbpw apw [ym\nIp tbmPn
XmWv. ]t IhSmp AhnShpw I
hSew XsbmWv. tZh{]bmKbn tZh
m hknpsXv ]pcmWfpsS anYym
kev]amWv. AhnsS AfI\bpw KwKbpw
kwKanps anYy ]dp]cnbns
n AhnsS Bcp t]mIm\pw ImWnbnSm
\p amWv ? Kp]v X Im in sb sm n . AXp
{]kn Im in bm Wv . aqp bpK fm bp
bPv R [qaw {Xnbp Ko\m cm b W n en . Hcp
]t ]mWvUIfpsS ]ncp]Xp Xeapdbm
bpXp ImWpw. CXv `kva[mcnIfpsS [qaI
WvUhpw ]mgvknIfpsS t{Xfnse An
IpWvUhpw kZm PzenpXpt]msetb Dq.
X]vXIpWvUns Imcyhpw Cs\Xs.
AhnsS ]hXns D`mKw NqSp]nSnn
cnpp. AXnte HgpIn hcp shn\v
NqSpv. AXn\v ASpp IpWvUnse
Pew D] cn X e n te tXm, NqSn m n S p
\nv HgpIptXm BIbm XWpncnp
p. tIZmc\mYw, AXnkpcamb eamWv.
Ahn sSbpw ]qPm cn Itfm Ah cpsS injy
mtcm Aew ]WnXp hnpv. AhnSps
alpIfpw ]qPmcnIfpw ]WvUIfpw hnth
Iiq\ycmb ]Wmcn \nv [\a]lcnv
hnjbm\acmIpp. AXpt]mse _Zco
\mcmbWnepw NXnbmcpsS Hcp ]SX
sbpv. dmhPnbmWv AhnSps apJy.
H \nch[n kv{XoIsf AhnsS ]cn]men
pp.
117
]ip]Xn Fsmcp t{Xn\p
t]cnv ]apJn F hn{Kls {]XnjvTn
npv. Bcpw tNmZnm\nmnSv Ccw
IfnIv Dutdpw. Fm Xofnse
BfpItftmse Cu ]hXhmknI A{I
anItfm [\m]lcWmtcm A. caWobhpw
]hn{Xhpamb `qanbmWhnSptXv.
hny, {]bmK, aYpc, Atbm[y
tNmZyw: hnymNense A`pPbpw
hntyizcnbpw Imfnbpw {]XykXy
fmWv. hntyizcn aqp t\chpw aqp cq]w
[cnpp. AhnsS apv Hco t]mepan
. {]bmK XoY cm P \m Wv . AhnsS Xe
apWvU\w sNpXpsImpw KwKm bap\m
kwKan kv\m\w sNpXpsImpw
Aò jv S kn n bp m Ip p. AXp t]mse
Atbm[y app XhW \nhmknIklnXw
kzKw ]qInbXmWv. aYpc Fm XoY
fnepw {][m\amWv. hrmh\w eoemm\w
BWv . tKmh\ {hP bm {X I henb
`mKyw sImt knn q. kqcy {K l W k
abw Ipcpt{Xn eWn\mfp
I tafnpp. CsXmw anYybmsWtm?
Dcw: AhnsS aqp hn{K l fp v .
Ah inem\nanXamWv. ]qPmcnIfpsS hkv{Xm
emcw kmaYyw \nanamWv hn{Klw aqp
Xcn aqpt\chpw ZriyamIpXv. Cu
I Bbncw efpv. CXn\v Fs Ip
I XsbmWv kmn. {]bmKbn GsX
nepw pcIIhntbm, Asn t]mn\v
]Ww sIm Spv Btcm apWv U \ am lmyw
cNntbm cNnntbm sNbvXncnmw. {]bm
K bn Ipfnv kzKp t]mbm ]ns
Bcpw Xncnp hnnt? Fmhcpw hon
116. kb\w sNbvX FpI ChnsSbmWv
sImnSpXv.
117. hn{Iakwhcw 1912 (G.Un. 1855) tbmK
hnZymhnmsc tXSn aljn lnamebns
Cu `mKfn H[nIw bm{X sNbvXp. Cu {]tZ
i aljnv \pXpt]mse ]cnNnXambn
Fv BIYbnsegpXnbnpv.
251
aSn h cp Xm bmWv ImWp Xv . C\n h
hcpw apnacnmepw BImin hmbphn
t\mSv tNv ]p\w {]m]n p p v .
XoY cm P s\ t]cpw ]Ww]nSp n I
\ev In b Xm Wv . PU h kv Xp hn cmPm {] Pm
t`Zw Hcnepw DmhpIbn.
Atbm[ym\Kcw AXnse hmknIfmb ]n
I, IgpXI, tXmnI, sNcppIpnI,
shwtImcnIklnXw aqp XhW kzK
n t]msb Xv Akw ` hy am Wv . Cpw
AhnsSsbpv. AXpt]mseXsbpv.
t]m m cpsS hmbv p tXm nb tImXp
]mn Atbmy kzpt]mbn Cu ]mv
i_v Z ambn Hgp In \ S p p. Cw Xs
ss\anjmcWysnbpw apw Ch ]dbp
Xnepw IfnIfpv.
aYpc aqp tem I fn \npw `n am
sWp ]d bp Xn AY sam p an .
Fm AhnsS aqp Iq almPpfm
bpv. BIminepw `qanbnepw Penepw
D Bpw Ahcn \nv kuJyw e`n
pI hnjaamWv. Hv Nut_.
118
Bscnepw
kv \m\ n\p t]mbm Ahsc ]nSn IqSn
]dbpw: ""hms bP am \t\, Imhpw
apfIpw tNp Pe]m\hpw eUvVp `W
hpw. bPam\\v Pb Pb ]mSs'' cv sh
nse Ba ISnp XnpIfbpw Chsb
t]Snv Ipfnmt\ km[ya. aqv apIfnen
cn p c ap J p c p I, Xe spw
sXmnbpw, B` c Whpw, Fn\v sNcn p
t]mepw hnSn . ISn p Xn pw. sXn bnv
sImp I fbpw. Ch aqpw t]m mpw
injympw ]qP\obcmWv. apIWn\v
ISebpw ap [m\yfpw Babvpw, ISebpw
i cbpw apw Ipc n \pw, Nut_ amv
ZnWbpw eUvVphpw apw \evIn AhcpsS
tkhI tkh\w sNppv.
hrmh\amIs, Dmbncptm Dm
bn cp p. Ctm g hnsS thiym h\w t]mse
]nemhpw KpcpinjymcpsS tIfnbpw \S
pp. Aw Zo]amebpw apw t]mm
cpsS DtiknnpXIpXmWv. tKmh
\{hPbm{XIfpw As\Xs. Ipcpt{X
nse Imcyhpw hbpngpXssbdnb
Ww. [manIcpw ]tcm]ImcnIfpambh Cu
t]mpeoebn \np \nhrcmhpIXs
sNpw.
hn{Klmcm[\ Xow ChbpsS ]gw
tNmZyw: hn{Klmcm[\ XoYbm{X Fn
h sbmw k\m X \ ambn \S p p. Ch sb
s\ anYybmIpw?
Dcw: \n k\mX\sap ]dbp
sXns\bmWv? kZm\SphcpXns\tbm?
CXv kZm \Sppshn thZ, {_m
W apXembh Ejnap\nIfm cNnXamb
{Kfn ChbpsS t]cnmsXv?
119
Cu hn{K lm cm [\ Ign aqm bn c n b
qdp hj n S bn hma amKn Ifpw
ssP\n Ifpw Dm n b Xm Wv . Bcym h
n Ch sbmp w Cm bn cp p . Cu
Xofpw Cm bn cp p. ssP\ m,
Kn\m, ]menSm\, inJ, i{XpRvPb, B_p
apX emb XoY e Dm n b Xp
t]mse Chcpw Dm n sb t bp q. Ch
bpsS Bcw`sn Bsnepw Adnb
Wsan ]WvUIfpsS ]pcmX\ \mhgn
WpIfpw sNtSpIfpw ]cntim[nWw.
Cu XoYv Gdnbm Aqtdm Bbn
ctam sIms ]gtabpsv Atm
a\nemIpw. Bbncw sImnepdw ]g
ap tcJItfbn Fmw CpdpXmWv.
Xohpw \maamlmyhpw
tNmZyw: Xo \m a am lm y
AXmbXv, A\yt{XIrXw, ]m]wImio
tt{X hn\iyXn
120
apXemb {]kvXmh
kXyat?
Dcw: A. ]m]w CmXmIpsan Zcn
{Z\v cmP]hpw A\v Ipw e`npambncp
118. NXpthZn F ]Zns ep]vXcq]amWnXv.
N.th = Nt = Nut_
119. thZimJI, {_mW, BcWyI,
D]\njpI, D]thZ, thZmwK,
D]mwK Fo {Kfnsempw
hn{Klmcm[\sbmpw ]cmainXa.
Jnefn (]cninjvSfn) ]qPmImcy
]dbppv. Ahsbmpw Ejnt{]ma.
DmnthbmWv.
120. apefn hp sNbvX ]m]w Iminbn
hv CmXmIpp. (Iminalmyw)
121. AXmXns êw A\p`hnt Xocq FYw.
252
p. IpjvTtcmKnIfpsS tcmKw hnpamdpambn
cp p. As\ kw` hn p n . AXn \m
BcpsSsbnepw ]m]tam ]pWytam hnpt]m
IpIbn.
121
tNmZyw: 1. KwtKm KwtKXn tbm {_pbmZv
tbmP \m\mw issX c]n apNytX kh
]m]t`ym hnjvWptemIw k KXn
2. lcnlcXn ]m]m\n lcncnXycZz
bav {]mXxImte inhwZrzm \nin ]m]w
hn\iyXn
3. BPIrXw a[ymt kmbmt k]v X
P \m av .
122
Ch t]mp]pcmWfnse tmIfmWv.
1. At\Iw ImXfIsebncppt]mepw
KwKm, KwKm Fp P]nm Fm ]m]hpw
\inv hnjvWptemIwsshIpWvTw{]m]n
pw.
2. lcn F c c ap \ma ap cn
m Fm ]m]tfbpw AXv lcnpw.
AXpt]msebmWv cma, IrjvW, inh, `K
hXn apXemb \mafpsSbpw amlmyw.
3. AXpt]mse, GXp a\pjy cmhnse
inh enw Ktam hn{K ltam ImWp pthm
Abm cm{Xnbn sNbvX ]m]w CmXm
Ipw. a[ymn Zinm, B Pn
sebpw, kmbmn Zinm Ggp P
fn tebpw ]m]w \in pw. CXv Zi\
amlmyamWv. Chbpw IfhmtWm?
Dcw: IamsWXn Fp ibm
WpXv? KwKm, KwKm, ltc cma, IrjvW,
\mcmbW, inh `KhXn \makvacWwsImv
]m]w hnpamdpIbn. amdpsan Hscm ZpxJn
X t]mepw DmIpambncpn. Cmev
t]mpeoeI hntXmSpIqSn ]m]nIfpsS
Fw s]cpIpXpt]mse, ]m]w sNm
Bpw `bapmhpIbpw Cmbncpp. ]m]w
sNbvXXn\p tijw \maw sNmpItbm XoY
bm{X sNpItbm sNbvXm ]m]\nhrn
bpmIpsaXv aqVhnizmkamWv. Cs\
hnizknv ]m]w sNbvXv CltemIhpw ]c
temIhpw \innpp. Fmbmepw sNbvX
]m]ns êw A\p`hnt Xocq.
tNmZyw: Atm XoYbm{Xbpw \ma
P]hpw icnbt?
Dcw: icnbmWv. thZmZn kXyimkv{X
fpsS ]T\hpw ]mT\hpw [manIcmb hnZzm
mcpsS kwKaw, ]tcm]Imcw, [am\pjvTm
\w, tbmKm`ymkw, sshcanmbva, Im]Sycm
ln Xyw, kXy `m j Ww, kXy aw Ko I cn ,
kXy a \p jv Tn , {_ N cyw, BNm cy,
AXn Yn, amXm ]n Xm msc ip{iq jn ,
CuizckvXpXn{]mY\mD]mk\, imX,
PntX{nbX, kpioeX, [abpamb ]pcp
jmw, m\ hnm\mZn ip` KpWIa
Fnh ZpxJsf XcWw sNnp
hbmIbm XoYfmWv. Pee{][m\
am bh Hcn epw XoY f . Fs m
P\m ssbx Xcn Xm\n XoYm\n bmsXm
n\m P\ ZpxJsf XcWw sNp
pthm AhbmWv XoY. Pee
XcWw sNnpIbn, apnsmphbm
Wv. hnapXembhbpw XoYfmWv. Ah
bn Ibdn kap{Zw ISm Ignbpatm.
1. kam\ XotY hmko
(AjvS[ymbn 4.4.107)
2. \akvXoYymbN (bPp. 16.42)
1. Htc BNmcy\n \nv Htc imkv{Xw
Hn p ]mv ]Tn p h kXoYy
AYhm kam\XoYtkhnIfmWv.
2. thZmZnimkv{Xfnepw, kXy`mjWmZn
[aeWfnepw \njvWmX\mb kw\ym
knv A]m\mZnI \evIpIbpw hnZy A`y
knpIbpw sNpXv XoYamWv.
\ma P]w C{] Im c amWv : bky \m a a l
Zyix (bPp.)
123
Cuizcs \maw henb bi
kv, AYhm [abpIa sNemWv.
{_w, ]ctaizc. Cuizc, \ymbImcn, Zbm
ep, khinam, apXemb \ma Cuiz
cs KpWIakz`mhfn \npmbXm
Wv. Fs\sbm, {_wGhpw henb
Xv, ]ctaizc CuizcmcpsSbpw Cuizc,
Cuiz c km aYy bp \ymb Im cn. Hcn
epw A\ymbw sNmh, ZbmepFm
122 {_]pcmWw 17482, ]]pcmWw
DcJWvUw 232, 72, 12 CXymZn 123. bPqthZw 32.3
253
hcnepw Ir]mZrjvSnbph, khinam
kzkm aYy n \np am{Xw PK n s
sbmw DXv ] n n Xn {] f b \S
p am cn \npw klmbw kzoI cn
m; {_mhvPKnse hnhn[ ]ZmY
fpsS {kjvSmhv, hnjvWp kh{X hym]nv
kwcnp, almtZh khtZhmcp
sSbpw tZh. cp{Z {]fbImhv apXemb
\mamY sf Xn [mcWw sN Ww.
AXmbXv henb {]hrnI sImv henb
h \m Ip I, kaY cn kaY\m hp I,
kmaYys hn n p I, A[w Hcn
epw sNmXncnpI, FmhtcmSpw Zbhp
ImpI, khhn[ kma{KnIfpw kaYamn
hbvpI, inev]hnZybm hnhn[]ZmYfp
mpI, FmhcptSbpw kpJZpxJ Xt
Xn\p Xpeyambn IcpXpI, Fmhtcbpw kwc
n p I, hnZzm m cn hv hnZzm \m hp I,
Zpjv Iw sNm Xn cn p I, sNp hsc
innpI, k\sf cnpI Cs\
Cuizcs KpWIa kz`mhsf \mafn
\ndnv AXn\\pIqeambn kzw KpW
Iakz`mhsf cq]sSppXmWv Cuiz
c\makvacWw.
Kpcp almyJWvU\w
tNmZyw: Kpcp{_m Kpcphn jv WpKp
cptZthm atl izcx Kpcp tch ]cw {_
Xkvssa {ioKpcpth \ax
124
CXymZn Kpcpam
lmyw kXy at? Kpcp hns ImI gpIn
tkhn p I, Bm ]n p Xp t]mse
{]hnpI, Kpcp AXym{Klnsbn hma
\ Xp eyw, t{Im[n sb n \c knw l Xp eyw,
tamlnbmsWn cmaXpeyw, ImanbmsWn
Irjv W Xpeyw Kpcp hns\ Icp X Ww. Kpcp
Fp ]m]w sNbvXmepw XndbcpXv. Kpcp
hns\ ImWp hm t]mIp tm hbv p
Hmtcm Imshbv]pw Aizta[ns êw
\IpXmWv. CXv icnbmtWm?
Dcw: icnb. {_m, hnjvWp, atl
izc Fnh Cuizcs t]cpIfmWv. Cuiz
c\p Xpey\mb Kpcp Hcnepw DmhpIbn
. Cu Kpcpamlmyhpw KpcpKoXbpw henb
t]mpeoebmWv. amXmhv, ]nXmhv, BNmcy,
AXnYn FnhmWv Kpcp kw tbmPn
pXv. Ahsc ip{iqjnpI. hnZybpw in
Whpw t\SpI Fnh injysbpw \evtI
Xv Kpcp hn sbpw IS a bm Wv . Fm
tem`nbpw t{Im[nbpw tamlnbpw Imanbpamb
Kpcphns\ khYm XyPnWw. km[mcW
insImv t\scbmIpnsn ALy
]mZy AXmbXv XmU\hpw ]oU\hpw
{]mWlcWhpw hsc sNpXn tZmjan
. hnZymZn kZvKpWfne KpcpXzancnp
sXp ]dbpIbpw AkXyw ]dbpIbpw ame
XneIw apXembh [cnpIbpw thZhncp
amb Imcy D]tZinpIbpw sNph
Kpcph. As\bph BnSb\p Xney
\mWv. CSb\v BSpIfn \n ]mepw ap
{]tbm Pfpw Inp Xp t]mse Chpw
injymcpsSbpw injyIfpsSbpw [\a]l
cnv kzw Imcyw \nhlnm Ignbpp.
Kpcptem`n, iny\o, kncphcpw tIfn
bmSpw ItmWnbntedonh appp
`h kmKtc Fp sNmpv.
125
injy\n
\nssnepw Inpw. InpXmIs Fp
Kpcphpw Imnqp Zpjvfn \nv
]m]tamN\w \evIm Kpcp klmbnpsav
injy\pw IcpXpp. Cu I]Sap\nI cpw
IpsImpmnb tXmWnbn Ibdnbh
apnacnpXpt]mse, `hkmKcn apn
acnpp. Ccw KpcpinjymcpsS hmbn
aSnbs. AhcpsS kao]w \nevpIt]mep
acpXv. \nevph ZpxJkap{Zn ]Xnpw.
]pcmWmcpw ]qPmcnIfpw IqSn Dmnb
t]mp eoe t]mseXsbmWv Cu CSbKp
cpmcpw Hmtcmp ]dpmnbnp
Xv. CsXmw kzmYnIfpsS ]WnbmWv. ]c
amYnIfmbh kzbw ZpxJw A\p`hnmepw
temIn\v D]Imcw sNpXv \npItb
C. Kpcp am lmyw Kpcp KoX apX em b h
sbmw tem`nIfpw ZpjvIanIfpamb I]S
KpcpmcpsS krjvSnbmWv.
18. ]pcmWfpw {_mW{Kfpw
124. KpcpKoX
125. temò Kpcp emeNo tNem tZmt\w tJteZmhv
`hkmKta Uq_vtX ss_Tv ]Y Io \mhv
126. alm`mcXw BZn]hw 3.267. a\pkvarXn 3.232
OmtmKy D]\njv 7.1.4. iX]Yw 13.4.3.13
254
tNmZyw: 1. Ajv Sm Zi ]pcm Wm\mw
Icvm kXyhXo kpXx 2. CXnlmk ]pcm
Wm`ymw thZmcvYap]_rwltbXv. (alm`mc
Xw) 3. ]pcmWm\n Jnem\nN (a\p) 4. CXn
lmk ]pcmWx ]tam thZm\mw thZx (Om
tmKyw 5 Zitafl\n InnXv ]pcmWamN
oX. 6. ]pcmW hnZymthZx (kq{Xw)
126
1. ]Xns\p ]pcmWfpsSbpw Imhv
hymk\mWv. hymkhN\ \nbambpw
{]amWambncnWw. 2. CXnlmkw (alm
`m c Xw) ]Xn s\p ]pcm W Fn h
sImv thZmYw ]TnpIbpw ]Tnnp
Ibpw thWw. Fsm Ah thZmYm
\p Iq e am Wv . 3. ]nXr Ia n ]pcmWw
(Jnew AYhm) lcnhwinse IY {ihn
Ww. 4. CXnlmk]pcmWsf ]ath
Zsap ]dbpp. 5. Aizta[ kam]vXnbn
]mw \m Ipdv ]pcmWIY tIWw.
6. ]pcmWhnZy thZmYt_m[IamIbm
thZw XsbmWv. CXymZn {]amWfm
]pcmWfpsS {]mamWyhpw ChbpsS {]am
Wfm hn{Klmcm[\, XoY, Fn
hbpsS {]mamWyhpw Dv.
Dcw: Cu ]Xn s\p ]pcm W fpsS
Imhv hymk \m bn cp s n Ah bn
C{Xtbsd hnUvVnc DmIpambncp
n. Fsm imcocnIkq{Xw, tbmKim
kv{X`mjyw, apXemb hymkIrX{K
Im hymk almhnZzm\pw kXyhmZnbpw
tbmKn bp am bn cp sp hy am Ip p v .
Atlw Ccw IYI Hcnepw Fgp
Xp In . ]c kv ] c hn cp k{ Zm b fpsS
Bmcpw `mKhXmZn {KfpsS cNbn
Xm fp amb Ch cn hymks KpW
teiam{Xt]mepw C. thZimkv{X hncp
amb AkXyhmZ FgpXpXv hymkt\
tmep hnZzmmcpsS tPmenb. Cu tPmen
hncpmcpw, kzmYnIfpw AhnZzmmcpamb
hcpsSbmWv.
CXnlmkw, ]pcmWw, apXembh inh]p
cmWmZnIfpsS t]c, ]nstbm {_mlvaWm
\nXnlmkm ]pcm Wm \n Iev ]m KmYm
\mcmiwkocnXv
127
. CXp {_mWfnsebpw
kq{XfpsSbpw hN\amWv. sFXtcbw, iX
]Yw, kmaw, tKm]Yw Fo {_mWfpsS
Ap t]cp I fmWv CXn lm kw, ]pcm Ww,
Iev ]w, KmY, \mcm iwkn Fn h. CXn lm
kw P\ I bm h ev Iy Fn h cpsS
kwhmZw t]meph. ]pcmWw PKZpXv]n
apXembhbpsS hW\w. Iev]w thZi_vZm
ZnIfpsS AY \ncq]Ww hW\ apXembh.
KmY DZmlcW DZmlcnv IYI ]d
bpI. \mcmiwko a\pjycpsS {]iwk\o
bhpw AmXpamb {]hrnI BJym
\n
128
Ch bn \nv thZmY t_m[w
DmIpp.
]nXrIaw AYhm m\nIfpsS {]iwk
tIp I sb Yw. Aiz ta [m n
CXmWv tItXv. Fsm hymkIr
amb ]pcmW tIbpw tInpIbpw
sNpXv Atlns ImetijamsX
127. ssXocob BcWyIw 2.9.
(BcWyIfpw {_mWmKXfmWv)
128. {ioicmNmcy _rlZmcWytIm]\njZv`mjy
n (2.4.10) CXnlmk]pcmWfpsS DZmlc
Ww, ]pcqchknsbpw DhinbpsSbpw kwhmZw.
Dhin A]vkcbmWv. C{]Imcw {_mWn
Dv. ]pcmWn\pZmlcWw AkZzm CZa{K
BkoXv apXembh. Fns\ {_mWmK
Xambh \Inbncnpp.
129. thZimJIfpsSbpw {_mWfpsSbpw {]h
N\w BZyjnbmb {_jnbpsS Imew apX
\Sncpp. CXhkm\nXv IrjvWssZz]mb\
hymks injy{]injymcpsS ImemWv. Cv
e`yamb {_mW{Kfn sFXtcbw Hgn
sIbph AhcpsS {]hN\amWv. {_mW
fpw Iev]kq{Xfpw {]mNo\hpw AhmNo
\hpw Dv. ]mWn\ob kq{Xnse ]pcmW
t{]mtjp {_mW Ievt]jp F kq{Xw
CXn\p sXfnhmWv. (A[ymbw 4,2,105) emSymb\
{iuXkq{Xnse XYm N ]pcmWw XmWvUav
(7,10 10) F kq{Xhpw CXns\ ]pjvSnsSpp
p. sshbmIcWmcpsS hymJym\{]Imcw
`mh, imSymb\, sFXtcb, `mKpcnam {]hNn
h ]pcmW {_mWfpw ss]MvK BcpW
]cmPt{]mw, Iev]hpamWv. hmevaoIn apXemb
alnjnamscbpw hymkmcmbmWv KWnncn
pXv. (hmbp]pcmWw 23 114) Adnhns\ hykn
hAfh FYnemhmw Cu hymk_n
cpZw. Cv D]e_v[amb {_mW{Kfnse
{]hN\f[nIhpw {]No\w XsbmWv. hymk
injym \ho\amb It]meIev]nXsfmpw
\nnphm Bhiyamb KpcpXztZmjw kzmb
amnbncpnsYw.
255
apv km[npIbntm. hymk P\np
Xn\p app Xs thZmYw ]TnpIbpw ]Tn
npIbpw tIpIbpw sNbvXncpp. AXn
\m AXn {]m No \ amb {_m W {K
sf
129
kw_np am{Xta CXv kw`hyam
hpIbpq. \ho\amb {ioaZv`mKhXw inh]p
cmWw apX emb anYym `q jnX {K fn
CXn\p kw`mhyXbn.
hymk\pw thZhymk\pw
hymkaljn thZw ]Tnbpw, thZmYw
{]Ncnnbpw sNbvXXpsImmWv thZhym
ks\ t]cnl\mbXv. ]mcmhmcns
a[y tc J bv mWv hymk sap ]d bp Xv .
EtKzZmcw`w apX AYh thZmw hsc ]Tn
np. ipItZh, ssPan\n XpSnb injy
msc ]TnnpIbpw sNbvXp. A\yYm At
lns P\maw IrjvWssZz]mb\s\m
bn cp p . thZ sf hymk Hn p
tNsp ]d bp Xp I am Wv . Fs
m ]nXm ]n Xm a l ] c ]n Xm a l Bb
]cmic, inhknjvT, {_m
130
BZnbm
b h NXpth Z ]Tn bpw ]Tn n p
Ibpw sNbvXncns CsXs\ tbmPnpw?
inh]pcmWhpw apw
tNmZyw: ]pcmWfnse Imcysfmw
Itam Iptdsbms kXytam?
Dcw: hfscsbmw Iw. NnesXmw
Hngv AcamIpw]Sn kXyhpamWv. kXy
ambsXmw thZmZn kXyimkv{XfnteXm
Wv. Isamw Cu t]mmcpsS ]gpcm
W fp am Wv . DZm l c W n\v , inh ]p cm W
n inhs\ kthizc\mbn AwKoIcnv,
hnjvWp, {_mhv, KtWi, C{, kqcy
apX em b hsc inhs Zmk m cmbn ssih
m ]cn K Wn p p. sshjv W h cm I s,
hnjvWp]pcmWmZnIfn hnjvWphns\ ]cam
mhmbn KWnv inht\bpw apw Zmkmcm
pp. tZhn `mKhXn tZhnsb kth
izcnbmbpw inh, hnjvWp apXembhtcbpw
KtWiJWvUn KtWis\ Cuizc\pw
asmhtcbpw Incmcpw Bpp. CXv
Hmtcm hn`m K m cpsS {]hr n b s n
]nsmWv? Hcp km[mcW a\pjy Dm
nbm t]mepw Ccw ]ckv]chncpamb
Imcy hcm ]mSnmXmbncns hnZzm
m cp m n bm es Imcyw ]d tb Xn
tm. Chbn Hp icnsbn atXv Iw.
cmatXmWv icnsbn aqmatXp
Iw. aqmatXmWv icnsbn asmw
IamWv. inh]pcmWm inh\n \npw,
hnjv Wp ]p cm W m hnjv Wp hn \npw,
tZho ]pcmWm tZhnbn \npw KtWi
JWvUm KtWi\n \npw kqcy]pcm
Wm kqcy\n \npw hmbp ]pcmWm
hmbphn \npw krjvSnbpsS DXv]nbpw
{]fbhpw DmIpp FsgpXnbnv, hopw
PK Zp Xv ] n bv p ff Imc W sf n
{]tXyIw {]tXyIw Hmtcmn \nmsWv
FgpXnbnpv.
PK ns DXv ] nbpw nXnbpw {]f
bhpw \S p Xv DXv ] am hptam Fpw,
AXp krjv Sn bpsS Imc W am Iptam Fpw
tNmZnp t\mpI. hmbSv CcnpIbmsX
Chv t]mwhgnbn. ChcpsSsbmw icoc
ns DXv]n CXn \nmIbm Chsc
s\ kzico c n \nv ]cn n ambn
kwkm c ns DXv ] nbv v Imc W `q X
ambn? IqSmsX PK Zp Xv ] n bpw, khYm
Akw ` h am bn cnpw hw hne Whpw
BbncnpXp t\mq.
inh]pcmWnse krjvSn
inh ]p cm W n ]d bpp: F\np
krjvSnWsav inh B{Klnp. Atm
\mcmbW Pemibw Dmn. AXns \Spv
Xmactbbpw Xmacbn {_mhnt\bpw Dm
n. kh{X PeabamsWv {_mhp Ip.
Hcp ssIpn shwtImcn t\mn Xncn
smgnp. AXn \nv Hcp Ipanf Dmbn.
Ipanfbn \nv Hcp ]pcpj {]Xy\mbn.
B ]pcpj {_mhnt\mSv, ]p{Xm \o krjvSn
\SpI Fp ]dp. Atm Rm \ns
]p{X\, \osbs ]p{X\mWv Fp {_mhv
Dcacpfn. CXnt hnhmZambn. Znhyk
l{k hj ] cyw Cu hnhmZw Ccp hcpw
Xn \S p. krjv Sn m thn Rm
Ab Ccphcpw Xn At\ym\yw elfbpw
130. Cu Ipe]cc alm`mcXnepw apw hWnn
pv. ChnsS ]dbp {_m BZyjnbmbncn
Ww.
256
hg p am Wtm Fv in h Nn n p.
Atm Ahncphpw a[yn tXtPm
a b amb Hcp enMv Kw Dmbn hp. AXv
s]sv BIm i t p t]m bn. AXp Iv
Ccp hcpw B cy s p. CXns BZnbpw
Ahpw Adnv BZyw hcph ]nXmhpw,
Adn bm sXtbm kmn bn m sXtbm hcp
h ]p{X\pw Bbncnpsapw Xocpam\nv
hn jv Wp Iq cq ] sa Spv Xmtgbv pw
{_mhv lwk cq ] sa Spv apI fn tepw
t]mbn. Ccphcpw Znhykl{k hj]cyw
at\m th K n k cn npw BZnbpw
Ahpw In. Atm Xmsg\nv hnjvWp
ap I fntepw {_mhv Xmtgpw Xncnp
]pdsp. hnjvWp kmnbpambn hsn
Xm ]p{X\mIWatm Fv {_mhv hnNm
cnpsImncnth Hcp ]iphpw ssIXs
Snbpw apI fn \nv Cd n h p. \n
FhnsS \nv hcpsv {_mhv tNmZnp.
R Bbncw hjfmbn Cu enMvKs
B[mcamn kcnphcnIbmsWv Ah
]dp. Cu enMvKn\v Aaptm Fv
{_mhv Bcmp. "C' Fv Ahcpcw
]dp. \n \tmsSmw hv, Rm Cu
enMvKnt oc[mc hjnpsImncn
pIbmbncpp Fp kmn ]dbWw Fp
]iphnt\mSpw, Rm ]pjv]mRvPen \Sp
Ibmbncpp Fp kmn ]dbWw Fp
ssIX tbmSp w BPv Rm ]n p . As\
sNp ]w \nsf icnbmb m\s
nmsav {]tem`\w \IpIbpw sNbvXp.
Ikmn ]dbm R Xmdnsmbn
Ah. {_mhv Ip]nX\mbn, kmn]dbm
]w \nsf `kvaamnfbpw Fp `b
sSpn. `b Ah kmn ]dbmsav
kXnp. aqhcpw IqSn Xmtgp bm{Xbmbn.
{_mhv sNtmtgpw hnjvWp lmPcm
bncpp. \n CXnw Ipthm Fv
{_mhv hnjvWphnt\mSp tNmZnp Csv
hnjvWp ]dtm "Rm Ip' Fmbn
{_mhv. ""kmnXcq'' Fv hnjvWp ]dp.
Atm ]iphpw ssIXbpw, R enMvK
ns incnembncpp Fp kmn]d
p. Atm enMv K n \nv i_v Z ap
bp \o AkXyw ]d sNSnbmWv. \ns
]qhv Fttbm ap tZhXIfptStbm ]qPbvv
D] tbm Kn msX t]mIs; D] tbm Kn p
]w Ah ap Sn sm Sp p w, Fv
ssIXsb i]np. GsXmcp hmbv sImv \o
Iw ]dpthm, B hmbv sImv \o aew
`npw. \ns apJs Bcpw ]qPnmsX
t]mIs Fm ]n `mKw ]qPnsSpw
Fp ]iphn t\bpw i]np Iw ]d
\ns Bcpw ]qPnn Fp {_mhns\
i]nnv kXyw ]d \ns kh{X ]qPn
s Fv hnjvWphn\v hcw \evIn XpSv
Ccphcpw enMvKs kvXpXnp. AXn\m
{]kamb enMvKn\nv Hcp PSmbp
\mb cq]w {]Xysv tNmZnp: \nsf
Rm krjvSnXv temIkrjvSn \Sphm
thn bm Wv . \n sf n\v At\ym\yw hg
np?'' R kma {Kn sbmpw CmsX
F s\ bmWv krjv Sn p sXv Ah
tNmZntm PSbn \nv Hcpcpf `kvasa
Spp sImSpnv t]mIq, CXpsImv krjvSn
\Sp Fv inh AcpfnsNbvXp. CXmWv
IY. krjv Sn X ztam ] a lm `q X tfm
Cm Xn cp tm {_mhpw hnjv Wp hpw,
almtZhicochpw Pehpw Xmacbpw enMvKhpw
]iphpw ssIXbpw `kvabpbpw \nfpsS
]nXmalmcpsS Xdhmn \np hp hoW
XmtWm Fv Cu ]pcmW cNbnXmtfmSv
tNmZnm `wKnbmbn!
`mKhXnse krjvSn
Cw Xs `mKhXn ]dbpXp
t\mpI. hnjvWphns \m`nbn \np Xma
c, Xmacbn\nv {_mhv, {_mhns he
XpImens s]cphncen\nv kzbw`q. CS
XpImens s]cphncen \nv iXcq]mdmWn;
s\nbn \nv cp{Z. acoNn XpSnb ]p
]p{Xmcpw Ahcn \nv ]p {]Pm]Xn
Ifpw Dmbn. AhcpsS ]Xnaqp I\yIIsf
Iiy] hnhmlw Ignp. Ahcn ZnXnbn
\nv ssZXy, Z\phn \nv Zm\h, AZn
Xn bn \n BZn Xy, hn\ X bn \nv
]nI, I{Zphn \nv k]. kca
bn \nv izm\mcpw Idp\cnIfpw, BZnbm
bh Dmbn. ap kv{XoIfn \nv B\, IpXn
c, HIw, IgpX, Fcpa, ]pv, apf, apac
apXembhbpw Dmbn.
sImmta! sImmw. Fp ] d bm \mWv
257
`mKhXImhmb Pev]intcmatW! C
s\bp IYI FgpXnbpmphm
\nv itbm etbm CmXmbntm
b tm. sImSpw Ipcp S \m bn o tm.
kv{Xo]pcpjmcpsS ctPmhocykwKam
a\pjycpmIpw. ]t Cuizcs krjvSn
{Ian\p hncpambn ]ip, ]n, kw apX
em bh Ftm sg n ep w Dm Ip tam?
B\bv pw H I n \pw kn wl n \pw
]n pw IgpXbv pw hrm Zn Ipw
kv{XobpsS K`mibn hfcm esa
hnsS? knwlm Zn Ifpw ap ap mbn A \
amsc Xnp If bm sXv ? a\p jy i co c
n \nv ]ip arKmZnI DmhpIsb
sXs\ kw`hyamIpw? Ccmcpmnb
alm Akw ` hy fmb eoe I fn Cpw
temI sc mSpw IpSp n d n gn bpXv
kSw Xs. Cu almI Cu t]m
mcpw AIpw ]pdw Ipw s]mnb Ah
cpsS injy mcpw tIp hniz kn p p m
hptam Ftm? Ch a\pjycmtWm ap h
XpamtWm Fv BcysSpIXsthWw.
Cu `mK h XmZn ]pcm W fp m n b h
Dmb DSs\ K`n hv AekntmIm
sX mWmthm? AYhm P\n tm
Xs acn m sXv ! Fs m Cu
t]m m cn \nv cs n cp s n
BcymhtZiw ZpxJfn \nv apam
Ipambncpp.
krjvSn{Ian\v hncpw Akm[yw
tNmZyw: CXnsempw sshcpyw C.
Ap I Xn s\ hmgv p h
\mbvtmew sInIpcbvpp Ftbpq.
hnjv Wp hns\ kv XpXn m XpS n bm
hnjv Wp Cuiz c, ap h Zmk m.
inhs KpW Km\w XpS n bm inhs\
Cuizc\pw CXcsc Inccpampw. kth
izcs ambbn Fpw \Spw. a\pjy
\n \nv arKfpsSbpw DXv]n Cuiz
c\v sNm hp tX bp q. Imc W an msX
kzw ambbn \nv krjvSn DmnbXp
ImWq. CXnsemWp Akw`hyw? sNm
\nnpsXtm AXp sNbvXncnpw.
Dcw: km[p a \p jytc! A p I
Xns\ hmgvn Ipcbvp \mbvtImew sIp
h, hmgvphs\ henbh\mtbm ap
hsc sNdnbhcmtbm Iv sNdnbhsc \nn
p n . hmgv p hs\ Fm h cp tSbpw
]nXmhmppan. \n kvXpXn]mTItc
mfpw hnZq j I tc mfpw A[nIw ]pfp
131
hNnphcmtWm Atbm? ]nmseIqSn
hmt\mfw ]pIgvphcpw hntcm[aphsc
CI gv p h cp at \n ? \n v
kXyhpw [ahpw sImsp {]tbmP\w?
\nv \n fpsS kzmYX sImt
{]tbm P \ apq? amb a\p jy \n am{Xta
DmIm hbvq. NXnb\pw I\pambh
\t{X ambmhn. kthizc\n NXnbpw Im]
SyhpanmXpsImv ambmhnb. BZnkr
jvSnbn Iiy]tbpw `mcyamcpsSbpw ]n
arKmZnIfpw khrmZnIfpw Dmsbn
CspsImv As\ km\fpmIp
n? t\ct FgpXnhXpt]mse Xs
bmWv icnbmb krjvSn{Iaw.
132
`mKhXImc\p ]nb Aafn
`mKhXImc\v Aafn ]ntmbXmsWv
A\p am \n m hp Xm Wv . iX ] Y {_m W
n Xkv amXv Imiy]y Cam {]Pmx
133
FsgpXnbnpv. Iiy]x IkvamXv ]iytIm
`h XoXn ImWp h \m I sImv Iiy ]
s\p t]cmbn Fp \ncp n. krjv Sn
Im hmb kth iz cs t]cv Iiy ]
FmbXv ]iyI\mbXpsImmWv. AXmbXv
]iy\oXn ]iyx ]iyGh ]iyIx (ImgvN
131. "]pfp' a[ytIcfnse Hcp {]tbmKamWv. CXn\v
HcpZmlcWw ]dbmw. ""Rm \Zncbn sN
tm ]mew XIp hoWncpp. Acsb
m Hcp amKhpw In. hnjanv Ap
anpw t\mptm Hcp a[pcngn hn
Ip. AsXSpv \Zncbn \p. DSt\ a[pc
ngp hfp. hfv hfv \ZnbpsS apIfn
eqsS Acsbn, AXns ]pdp IqSn \Sv
Ccsbn. B a[pcngv apdnpsImv
t]mcmsXmsWp tNmZncpXv.
AscsNv apdnm Csc Fs\ hopw
hcpw? AXpw t]mIs Fp `mcambncnpaXn\v!
Fs\ Npap sImp hcpw?'" CXmWv ]pfp
(lnnKv)
132. Fmw kapmkw t\mpI.
133. XkvamZmlpx kcvmx {]Pmx Imiy] 7.5.1.5.
134. alm`mjyw 3.1.123.
258
mc ImWph. ImWph\t{X ]iy
I) {àclnX\mbn kIe NcmNcPKnt\
bpw, kIe Pohmm, AhcpsS Ia
kIehnZyI Fnhtbbpw Aw Xs
ImWp h Fw. alm `mjynse
BZy hn]cybm
134
F hN\{]Imc
hpw, BZy cw Ah km \hpw Ah km\
hWw BZyhpw hv ]iyI\n \nv Iiy
] DmIpp. CXnw a\nemImsX
Im hn IpSp bpsS el cn bn, kzw
Pw krjvSnhncp Imcy ]dbm sNe
hgnp.
amWvtUb ]pcmanse Zpm ]mT
n tZhmcpsS icocn \npmb
tXPn \nv tZhn Dmbn alnjmkpcs\
sImp FsgpXnbncnpp. AXpt]mse
c_oPs icocnse Hmtcm Xpntmc
\nep hogptmgpw Hmtcm c_oPmcp
mbn PKv Ahcm \ndspw, cp[nc
\ZnsbmgpInsbpw apw Htsd ]pfp FgpXn
\nd n p v . c _o P m sc smv PK
smw \nd tm tZhnbpw tZhn bpsS
knwlhpw ssk\yhpw Fhn sS bm bn cpp?
tZhnbn \nv Zqscbmbncpp c_oPm
scp ]dbp ]w PKpapgph Ahsc
smv \nd n cp n tm? \nd n cp
sp ]dbp ]w Atm ]narKm
Zn Ifpw a\p jycpw Pe nse apX ebpw
Babpw aymZnIfpw FhnsS nXn sNbvXn
cpp? Hcp ]t ZpKm]mTw FgpXnbpm
nb t]mns hon A`bw tXSn sbv
hnNmcntnbncnpp. Imhpelcnbn
segpXnqnb Ccw Akw`hyIYIfpsS
]pfp ]ccbvv Ahpw AdpXnbpan.
{ioaXv `mKhX]pcmWw
Cv {ioaZv `mKhXsap ]dbpXnse
eoemhnemk tIpsImq. {_mhn\v
\mcmbW NXptmIo`mKhXw D]tZinp.
m\w ]ca Kplyw ta bZznm\ ka
\znXav, kclkyw XZMvK KrlmW KZnXw
abm
135
{_mth! \o Fs ]ca Kplyhpw
hnm\kqWhpw [amYImatam
fpsS AwKhpw Bb clky m\s
Fn \np {KlnpI. hnm\kqW
amb m\w Fp ]dm ]ns ]ca
sa hnti jWw hyY am Wv . Kply sa
hntijWs XpSv clkyw ]p\cpn
bmWv. aqetmIw Xs A\YIambncnt
asmw ]ns m Im\mWv hgn? (`m K h X
ns aqew Iambncns hrhpw hymPw
Xs.) {_mhn\v hcw \evInbt{X `hm
Iev] hnIevt]jp \ hnaplyXn IcvlnNnXv
Av Iev]nepw hnIev]nepw krjvSn
bnepw {]f b n epw Hcn epw tamls
{]m]n p I bn .
136
Cs\ Fgp Xn b Xn\p
tijw tamln X \mbn h lh cWw
sNbvXp
137
Fpw FgpXnbnpv. CXnsemv
Ihpw atXv kXy hp am IWw As n
cpw IfhmWv.
sshIpWvTn cmKtZzj CujymZpxJm
ZnI CmXncns k\ImZnIv sshIp
WvThmXnevI hv tIm]w hsXs\?
t{Im[ ap m Ip nSw kzK a . bPam \s
B ]mentXv Zzmc]meI\mb Pb
hnPbmcpsS ISabmbncpp. Ah k\Im
ZnIsf XSsn AXn Fp sXmWp
Xv. A]cm[nIfm Chp im]taevp
hmt\ ]mSnmbncpp. \n `qanbn ]Xn
s Fp i]nXn\Yw AhnsS `qan Cm
bncpsmWv. BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew,
IhmSw apXembh Dmbncp nXnv Ah
Fns\ B[mcamn \np? PbhnPbm
k\ImZnIsf kvXpXnnv tNmZnp: ""alm
! RsftmgmWv C\n Xncnp sshIp
Wv T n hcp Xv ?'' ""alm hn jv Wp hns\
kv t\l ]qw `Pn m Ggmw Pnepw
hntcm [np `Pn m aqmw P nepw
sshIpWvTnsemw'' Fh ]dp.
138
ChnsS Nnn m \p Imcyw Pb hn P b
m hnjv Wp hns `rXy m cm sW Xm Wv .
Ahsc cn p Ibpw klm bn p Ibpw
sNt Xv hnjv Wp hns IS a bm bn cp p.
sXp sN m Ahsc D] {Z hn p hsc
inntXv bPam\s ISabt? As
135. `mKhXw 2,9,30.
136 Sn. 10.13.14
137. `mKhXw 3.15.16
138 `mKhXw 3.15.16
139 Sn 3.17.18
259
n `rXyhKns nXn F{Xtbm timN
\obamIpw? Fmhcpw Ahsc sanp Ib
dpw. PbhnPbmsc {]iwknv, k\ImZnIsf
icnv innpIbmbncpp hnjvWp sNt
Xv . AI p I S W sa h iTn sX
n\v? `rXymtcmSp hgSnsXn\v? i]n
sXn\v? k\ImZnIsf `qanbn hogvpI
bm bn cpp hnjv Wp sNt n bn cp Xv .
C{Xbpw Acm P IXzw hnj Wp hns `h \
n Xsbptm, Atlns tkh
Icmb sshjvWhv F{X Zpi hmepw
A[n I am hp I bn . ]noSv Ah lnc Wym
\pw lncWyIin]phpambn P\nt{X!
139
AXn lncWyms\ hcmlw sImp. A
Ybns\bmWv `qansb Hcp sa Npcpp
Xpt]mse sXdpv XebnWbmn hv InS
pdn lncWym. hcmlmhXmcw [cn
hnjvWp sImpsImv `qansb Dbn. lnc
Wym DWp. Ccphcpw Xn bpam
bn . hcmlw ln c Wym s\ sImp
hogvn.
140
`qan tKmf amtWm ]c XmtWm Fm
cm\pw tNmZnm ChnsS Dcan. Cu ]ucm
Wn I `qan im kv {X hn cp m cm Wv . `qansb
Npcpnsdpv XebnWbmnbnv InSsX
hnsbbmWmthm! {ioam hcmlw Imepdnv
HmSn h Xv Fn q Sn bmWv ? `qan sb
hcmlw sImn Dbnbtm, Ccphcpw
]nshnsS\nmWv bpw sNbvXXv? ]t
t]m tlw Fhn sS n S m Wmthm Dd n
bXv? ]pfphns hon ]pfph AXnYnbmbn
hm ]nsmw ]ppfphmWv. ]pfphn\v Hcp
Ipdhpw hcnmsbYw.
C\n bp Xv lnc Wy I in ]p hm Wv . Abm
fpsS aI \mb {]m Z ` \m bn cp p.
Ip n sb ]Tn m ]mT im e bn e b p .
thsdmpw ]TnmsX cmacma FsgpXn
cm A[ym ] I tcm Sm h iy s p. CXdn
A Fs i{Xp hns\ \osb n\p `Pn
pp Fp tNmZnv `b s Sp n. Ipn
AsXmpw hIhn. {Ip\mb lncWyI
in]p Ipnsb ImepI sIn ]hXfn
\nv Xmtgbvpw InWdpIfntepw Fdnp.
]t Ipnv bmsXmpw kw` hn n .
Atm Hcp CcppXq Npp]gpnv \ns
cma Dsn Cu CcppXqWn ]nSnm
s]mmXncnpw. ]nSnv ImWs. s]mptam
Fp {]mZ\p kwibambn. Atm `K
hm Xs ambbm XqWnqSn DdppIsf
hcn h cn bmbn \S n m Wn p. AXp Iv
{]m Z kss[cyw XqWnt\ Bt jn p.
s]sv cmbn ]nf XqWn \nv \c
knwlw ]pdphv lncWyIin]phns\ hb
dp]nfp sImp. {]mZs\ emfnpIbpw
hcw tNmZnm BhiysSpIbpw sNbvXp.
{]mZ ]nXmhns kZvKXn hcambn tNmZn
p.
141
\cknwlw AXp \Insbp am{Xa
, \ns Ccp ] smp ]qh X e ap d m
kZv KXn {]m]n n p sp ]d bp Ibpw
sNbvXp.
142
]pfphns ktlmZc ]pfphns\
Ipthm? `mKhXw ]mcmbWw sNpItbm
]mSpItbm sNphcn Bscsbnepw ]nSn
IqSn ]hXn\p apIfn \nv Xmtgpcp
nbm csSpIbn. Fsmw XIp
Xcn W ambn Nmhp I tb bp q. {]m Zs
A Ahs\ ]Tnm hnXv Nomcy
amtWm? ]Tnm XmdmImsX sshcmKnbm
Im {ianXv aqVXbt? Npp]gp Ccp
pXqWneqsS DdppI Cgspw AXn
]nSn {]mZ\v s]mtenspw hnizkn
phtcqSn As\ sNntXmWv.
s]mm ] w, {]m Z\pw s]mn bn
sp Xocpam\nmw. \cknwlhpw shp
140. KcpU]pcmWw DcJWvUw 26.3
141. Cp {]Nmcnep `mKhXn Cu IYbvp
hyXymkapv. Ccpp XqWnepw `Khm\psp
]dtm lncWyIin]p AXp shnnfs
mWv {]Nmcap IY. ChnsS ]cmainXamb
IY AIv_dpsS a{nbmbncp ss^Pn Xa
sNbvX t]jy `mjm `mKhXnepv.
AXns\bmWv: lnc\mIjv JivaKo ipZx ia
iocw _cIioZ h Zcvaymt\ knXqw KcvZm\oZ JpcvZv
tamcvNx kyml BaZv Akvanbmt\ knXqw _cv
BaZ. AYw: {Iq\mb lncWyIin]p hmfqcn.
sNdnb sNdnb IppdppI XqWn (kn
XqmWp XqWv) IqSn \SpXp Ip. 1934
(G{]n 26) {]knsSpnb Bcyan{X F
amkn I bn "An {] Pzn entX kv Xwt` Ppx
t{iWym ]n]oenIm \ {]ZKv[m ltccX eoebm
F kwkv Ir X tmIw ImWmw. CXs
aqehpw e`ya.
142. `mKhXw 7.10.18
260
t]m Im sX mWv ? aqmw P n
sshIpn Xncnspsa hcw \evIn
bXv k\ImZnIfmWtm. Cmcyw \nfpsS
\mcmbW ad p t]mtbm? `mK h X nse
coXnb\pkcnv {_mhv, {]Pm]Xn, Iiy],
lnc Wym \pw lnc Wy I in ]phpw \memw
Xe ap d bn C s\ bm Wtm P {I aw.
{]lvfmZ\p ap]v Ccp]smp Xeapd Dm
bn n . ]ns s\ bmWv Ccp ] smv
]q Xeapdm kZvKXn {]m]nsv ]d
Xv? CXp ISp sXt? ]noSv AtX
lncWymlncWyIin]p cmhW Iqw`
IWmcmbpw inip]meZ h{mcmbpw
P\n s n \c kn wlw sImSp hcw
Ftmp ]dpt]mbn.
143
Ccw {]amZ
sNbvIbpw tIbpw sNpXv {]am ZnI
fmWv, hnZzmmc.
]qX \, A{Iq c Fn hsc kw_ n
sIpIY tIp sImpI:
""ctY\ hmbpthtK\,
144
PKmatKmIpew
{]Xn
145
'' Iwks B{]Imcw hmbp thK
ntemSp IpXncsb ]qnb cYn A{Iq
c cmhnse tKmIpentebvp ]pdsp.
146
\mep ssa AI se bp tKmIp e n
AkvXanmdmbtm Fntp.
147
`mK
hXIm hn\p Nppw IpXnc HmSp I bm bn
cptm Ftm. hgn sXn A{Iq c\pw kmc
Ynbpw IqSn `mKhX Imhns hon hp
InSv DdntmbXmIm\pw aXn. ]qX\bpsS
icocn\v Bdp tImiw hoXnbpw hfsctbsd
Db chpw Dm bn cp s s gp Xn bn p v .
148
aYpcbvpw tKmIpen\pw CSbvv {ioIr
jvW Ahsf sImnp. As\bmsWn
aYpcbpw tKmIpehpw sRcnanpm
hpw. Iqn CsXgpXnb t]ms hoSpw!
CXpt]mse APmanfs IYbpw hnNn{Xw
Xs. \mcZ ]dXpsImv Xs Ipnv
\mcmbW Fp t]cnp. acnmdmbtm
]p{Xs\ hn fn p. Atm \mcm b W
NmSnhoWt{X.
149
\mcmbW\v Xsb, aI
s\bmWv hnfnpsX AbmfpsS Ax
I c W nse `mhw Adn hn m bn cptm?
CXmWv \ma amlmysan Cmepw
\mcm b W P]w P]n p h cpsS ZpxJ
AI p hm \mcm b W hp tN cm sX
mWv ? Imcyw icn bm sW n \mcm bW
\mcm bW Fp P]nv XS hp Im Fp
sImv hnapcmIpn?
CXpt]mse tPymXnximkv{Xn\p hncp
ambmWv kptacp]hXns hepw Fgp
XnbnpXv {]nb {hXcmPmhns cYN{Iw
Dmnb IpgnbmWv kap{Zw. `qanv \mev]
smXp tImSntbmP\ Npfhpv Fn
s\ `mKhXn FgpXnhnp ]pfphn\v
A an .
150
`mKhXImc\mb t_m_tZh
t_m_tZhs\bmfmWv `mKhXw FgpXn
bXv.
151
Ctlns ktlmZc\mWv KoX
tKmhnImc\mb PbtZh. {ioaZv`mKhX]p
cmWw Rm cNnXmsWv t_m_tZhs\
gpXnb "lnam{Zn'
152
F {Kn ImWmw.
Cu teJ\ns aqq XmfpI Fs ]
ep m bn cp Xn Hv \jv S s p t]m bn.
AXnse tmIfn Dmbncp Bibw
cp tmIfmn FgpXpp. IqSpXednbm
B{K l ap h lnam{Zn F {K n
t\mpI.
1. lnamt{Zx kNnhkymcvtY kqN\m{In
btXf[p\m kv Imf[ymb IYm\mw N
bXv{]amWw kamkXx
2. {ioaZv`mKhXw \ma ]pcmWw N atbcn
Xav hnZpjm t_m_tZth\ {ioIrjvWky
143. `mKhXw 7.1.
144 Sn 10.39.38
145 Sn 10 38 24
146 Sn 10. 38.1
147 10.38.24
148 10.6.4. {XnKhyqXn (KhyqXn 2 tImiw)
149 Sn. 6.1.29.30)
150. `mKhXw 5.16,7, 5, 16, 2, 5,20. 38 50 tImSn
FmWpXv .
151. \oeIWvTIrXamb tZho`mKhX SoIbpsS apJhr
cbn hnjvWp`mKhXw t_m]tZh IrXanXn
hZn FmWv. jmPlms kaImenI\mb
Iho{mNmcys ]pkvXI kqNo ]{Xn
(_tdmUbn ASnXv) t_m] tZh IrXamb
`mKhXw Fp ImWppv.
152. CXn\v lcneoemarXw Fpw t]cpv
153. ASn lcneoemarXn 11mw tmIw
10matXmWv.
261
btim \zn X av . AXm bXv cmP k Nn h \mb
lnam{Zn t_m_tZh ]WvUnXt\mSv Cs\
]dp: ""F\nv \nfpmnb `mKhXw
apgp h\pw tIm ka b an . AXn \m
kwn]vX kqN\mtmIfmn FgpXpI.
AXn \nv `mKhXns Npcpw F\np
a\ n em m Ign b Ww.'' AX \p k cnv
t_m_tZh \nn kwn]vXtmI
Xmg Fgp Xp p. \jv S s p t]mb Xmfn
]p tmIfmWpmbncpXv. ]Xns\m
matXv
153
apX FgpXmw.
11. t_m[boXn ln{]mlpx {ioaZv`mK
hXw ]p\x, ] {]iv\mx iu\Iky kqX
kymt{Xmcw {Xnjp
12. {]iv\mhXmctbm ssh hymkky
\ncvhrXnx IrXmXv \mcZkym{X tlXqnx
{]XoXycvY kzP N.
13. kp]vXLv\w t{ZmWy`n`hkvXZkv{Xm
Xv ]mWv Uhm h\av . òjv aky kz ]Z{]m]v Xnx
IrjvWky ZzmcnImKax
14. t{imXpx ]co ntXm P [rX cm
jv{Sky \ncvKax, IrjvW acvXy XymKkqNm
XXx ]mcvY alm ]Yx
15. CXy jv Sm Z i`nx, ]mssZ c [ym bmcv Yx
{IamXv kv arXx, kz] c {] Xn _ tm\w
kvôXw cmPyw Plu \r]x
16. CXn sshcmtm Zmcv tVymu
t{]mm {ZuWn Pbm Zb CXn {]Ya
kv Ix
154
C{] Imcw ]{p kv I fp sSbpw
kwn]vXw t_m_tZh \nanv lnam{Zn
a{np sImSpp. hnkvXcndnbm\m{Klap
h lnam{Zn F {Kw t\mpI. CXp
t]msebmWv CXc ]pcmWfpsSbpw IY
sb dn b Ww. am{X a Hn s\m p a cn
mWv ]pfpcN\ \SnbncpXpw.
{ioIrjv Ws CXnlmkw AXypaam
bmWv alm`mcXnepXv. Atlns
KpWIakz`mh B]vX]pcpjmcptS
Xnt\mSp kahpamWv. BPoh\mw bmsXmcp
Zpjv Iahpw {ioIr jv W sNbv X Xmbn
AXn FgpXnbnn.
155
Fm `mKhXIm
c\mIs, A\pNnXamb XmtmnfmWv
{ioIr jv W \n Btcm ]n n p Xv . ]mepw
Xbncpw shbpw tamjvSnpI, Ip_vPbmb
Zmknbpambn kamKaw, ]ckv{XoIfpambn cmk
{IoU apXemb anYymtZmj {ioIrjvW
\n Npapp. CXp hmbnpIbpw tIp
Ibpw sNp A\yaXm {ioIrjvWs\
hf sc tbsd \n n p p. Cu `mK hXw
t]mep { K fn m bn cp s n
{ioIrjvW kZriycmb almmsf F
s\bmWv \nnm IgnbpI?
inh]pcmWn ]{v tPymXnenMvK
sfn FgpXnbnpv. AXp XnIpw Akw
`hyamWv. tPymXnenMvKsf t]cv. tei
am{Xw t]mepw tPymXnn. cmhn hnfn
sn Cu enMvK ImWm\mhpIbn.
Cu eoem hnt\mZsfmw t]mmcptSXm
Wv.
]pcmWfpsS {]tbmP\w
tNmZyw: thZ]T\n\v kmaYyanmXm
b tm kv arXn bp m bn. kv arXn ] Tn m
_pn bn m Xm b tm imkv {X ap m bn.
imkv {Xm `y k \ n\p Ignhp \in tm
]pcmWapmn. kv{XoIpw iq{Zmpw
thnbmWnXv. Fsm thZ]T\n\pw
{ihWn\pw Ah[nImcan.
Dcw: CXp Xopw I amWv . ]Sn
bpw ]Tn n p Ibpw sNp Xp sImp
am{Xta kmaYyapmhq. thZw ]Tnm\pw
tIm\pw Fm hpw A[n Im c ap v .
KmKn apXmeb kv{XoIfpw OmtmKyn
]dbp Pm\{ipXn F iq{Z\pw sscIy ap\n
bpsS ] \nv thZw ]Tnp.
156
IqSmsX
154. aebmf `mKhXnse 1mw kvIns
kwn]vXhpambn henb Acan.
155. alm`mcXw k`m]hw 41mw A[ymbn
inip]meh[{]IcWw t\mpI. `mKhXnepw
ap ]pcmWfnepw ]dnp ZpjvI
hXpw sNbvXnpsn inip]me sNbvX
tZmjmtcm]Wfnepw Ah hnpIfbpIbnmbn
cpp. ]cn`mjIs "tbmtKizc\mb
{ioIrjvW' F {Knse t]Pv 82 apX
86 hsc (1mw ]Xnv)
156. iX]Yw 14.6.6.8. Om D 4.2
157. t]Pv 126 DrXw
262
thZ ]Tn m\pw tIm\pw a\p
jysmw A[nImcapsv bPpthZw 26
2 kv]jvSamnbnpv.
157
Fnpw C
s\ bp anYym {K sf gpXn a\p jysc
kXy{Kp hncpcmn hebns]
Spn kzw Imcyw km[n p h Fp
sImv alm]m]nIf?
\h{Kla{
Adn hn m a\p jysc AI s Sp p
Xn \p thn {]N cn n {Kl N {I
t\mpI:
1. BIrjvtW\ cPkm (kqcya{w) 2.
Caw tZhm Ak ]Xv \Mv kph [zav (N { a
{w) 3. Ancv aqcvm IIpXv ]Xnx (sNmm
a{w) 4. DZv_p[ykzmt (_p[a{w) 5.
_rlkv]tX AXnbZtcym (hymga{w) 6.
ip{Iakx (ip{Ia{w) 7. itmtZhoc
`njvStb (i\na{w) 8. Ibm\n{X B `ph
(cm lp a {w) 9. tIXpw IrWz tI Xth
(tIXp IWvUnIsbnXn\p ]dbpp)
158
Ch \h{Kl]qPma{fmWv.
ChbpsS icnbmb AYw C{]ImcamWv:
1. kqcy\pw `qanbpw Xn BIjWapv.
2. ctPmKpWs kw_npXv. 3. An.
4. bPam\ 5. hnZzm 6. hocyamb Aw 7
Pew, {]mW, Cuizc 8. an{Xw. 9. m\
{KlWhn[mbIamb a{w. Chsbmpw {Kl
fpsS hmN I f . AY a dn bm h
A\YPmen hoWpt]mIptXbpq.
tNmZyw: {Kl\nebvv êsampant?
Dcw: t]mpIfnItfmsSmw êan.
Fmsemcp Imcyapv. kqcyN{mcpsS Inc
W sImv Djv Whpw ssiXyhpw apw
EXp {Iaa\pkcnv ImeN{Ihpambn _s
ncnpXpt]mse Ah\hs {]IrXn\p
Iqetam {]XnIqetam Bb kpJxZpJp
\nanambn Chbpancnpp. Fm, t]m
mcpsS hymJym\w asmmWv. ""AhnSpp
tIWw Xncp ta\n! Imcy ns sISv
thsdbmWpt. Cv AbpsS {Kl\n
ebn N{s\n. kqcymZn {Iqc{Kl
t\mnemWv. i\nbpsS Imev ccsmw
IqsSbpv. almhnLv\w hcpw. hoSvhnv ]c
tZietbnhcpw, ]t {]Xnhn[nbpv.
P]w, `P\, ]qP, Zm\w apXembhsbmw \S
Ww. {]Xnhn[nbmmXnt ]dtbq.''
Cs\ ]d bp tm t\sc bp tNmZn
Ww: ""FtSm t]mm! \nfpw Cu {Kl
fpw Xnsem _w? CsXp hkvXp
hmWv? DSs\ t]mp ]dbpw:
ssZhm [o\w PK cv hw a{m [o \m
tZhXmx tX a{m {_mWm[o\mkvXkvamZv
{_mWssZhXav.
t\mq! Fp {]amWamWnXv! PKsmw
tZhXI[o\amWv, a{[o\amWv
tZh X I. a{ {_m W [o \ hpw.
AXn\m {_mWsc tZhXIsfp ]dbp
p. Fsm a{_em GXp tZh
t\bpw hnfnphcpn Imcyknn hcpp
Xn\v A[nImcw Rpv. C{]Imcap
a{in Rnmbncpsn \nsf
tmep \mkvXnI Rsf temIp Pohn
phm t]mepw A\phZnbnmbncpp.
kXyhmZn: I\pw ZpjvS\pw sImm
c\pw apsamw \nfpsS tZhXI[o\
am bn cn p atm? tZh X I fmtWm Ah tc
smv ZpjvIa sNnpXv? A
s\bmsWn \nfpsS tZhmcpw cm
kcpw Xn A c sam p an . a{
\n[o\hpw, CjvSknn \IpXpam
sWn FpsImv
a{fm tZhXIsf kzm[o\nv cmP`
WvUmc FSpnv sImphv \nfpsS
hon emn shdp tX bn cp pv B\ n p
n? i\oizc\v F hgn]mSp Ignnm\pw
apw Fn\v Aebpp? Asn \nfpsS
Iqt_cs\ himn CjvSw t]mse ]Ww
hmcnqtS? ]mhsf Fn\p sImbSn
pp?
\nv Zm\w \Inbm kpjvScpw
\Inbnsn AkpjvScpamIphcmWv
kqcymZn{Klsfn ChcpsS CjvSm\njvS
{]Xyambn ImWnpI. FmanSv
158 Ch bYm{Iaw bp 33, 43, 9, 40,3, 12, 15, 54, 26,
3, 19.75, 36.12, 27.39, 29.37
159. ChnsS ao\qSpw aIcapw tIcfnteX.
DtcybnteXmWv hnhnncnpXv.
263
kqcyN{mcpbmfnt\bpw, aqmanSp
Bfnt\bpw ao\amknse s]mcnshbnen
sNcn n SmsX aW en \n Ww. {Kl
tIm]w D hs Imepw tZlhpw s]mp
Ibpw Cm bm fn tXv s]mm Xn cn p
Ibpw thWw. AXp t]mse Xs sImSpw
ioX ap aI c a n
159
shfp hmhn
\mfn cm{Xn apgph ssaXm\v Ccphtcbpw
\nWw. Hcmfn\v XWpv ASnpIbpw at
bmfn\v ASnmXncnpIbpw sNbvXm {Kl
n\v {IqcZrjvSnbpw kuay ZrjvSnbpw Dsv
a\nemmw.
{Kl \n fpsS _p fmtWm?
\n Xn Iv In CS]mSpIfptm?
AYhm \n Ah cpsS ASpv t]mIp
Itbm Ah \nfpsS ASpv hcnItbm
sNm dptm? \nv a{ i n bp
]w FpsImmWv cmPmmtcm [\m
Vytcm BbnocmXv? i{Xpsf FmWv
him m Xv ? thZ n tbpw Cuiz c
tbpw BIf\pkcnmsX thZhncp
amb t]mpeoeIfmSphcmWv \mkvXnI.
\nv Zm\w XcpXn\v ]Icw AXv {Kl
tIm]aph Xs A\p`hnm Fp Xc
t Sm Wp Xv ? ampw sImSp msX
\np Xm am{Xta {Kl {]k
cmhq Fp ]dbp ]w, tNmZns,
\n Xn DSSn hXp w
sNbv Xnptm? Ds n kqcym Zn {K l
sf hon hcpn shp acnq!
kqcym Zn tem I PU h kv Xp fm Wv .
Bs nepw kpJx Zp J \Im \p
{]hrn sNm Ahbvp Ignhn. Fm
{KlZmt\m]PohnIfmb \nfmWv hmkvX
hn {KlfpsS hn{Kl. {Klsa
hmn \w \n p tNcp w. tb
KrlvWn tX {Klmx= "{Klnp'hbmWv
{Kl . \n tf tm ep h henb [\
hmmcptSbpw cmPmcptSbpw Zcn{ZcptSbpw
ASpv sNmXncpm Ah \h{Kl
sfn HmpI t]mepan. \n kmm
kqcytbpw i\oizctbpw {Iqccq]w [cnv
AhcpsS ta Bthinm ]ns {KlW
anmsX Ahsc hnSpIbn. \nfpsS {Kmk
ns] Sm hsc \mkv Xn I scpw apw
]dv \nnp \SpIbpw sNpw.
t]mv: tPymXnns {]Xyêw
Innt? BIminep kqcy, N{,
cmlp, tIXp apXembhbpsS kwtbmKm
epmIp {KlWw t\ct {]hNnpp.
CXv {]XyambncnpXpt]mse {Klm
ZnIfpsS êhpw {]XyamWv. Hcm [\
hmt\m Zcn{Zt\m cmPmthm {]Ptbm kpJ
hmt\m ZpxJnXt\m BIpXn\p ImcWw
{KlfmWv.
kXy hmZn: {Kl W sa {]Xy êw
KWnXhnZybpsS êamWv. êw ]dnent
X. KWnXhnZy kXyamWv. êw ]dnemI
s, kzm`mhnIkw_P\yambhsbmgnsI
bph IfhmWv. A\ptemahpw {]Xntemahp
ambn {àWw sNp `qanbptSbpw N{tbpw
KWn X n \nv , C ka bv C
tZiv F{X Iv kqcyttbm N{ttbm
{Kl W ap m Ip sav Adnbm Ign bpw.
knm in tcm a Wn bnse
160
Cu `mKw
t\mpI ""OmZbXycvIanpcvhn[pw `qanamx''

161
kqcy kn m nepw C{] Im c ap v .
kqcy\pw `qanbvpw at[y N{ hcptm
kqcy{KlWhpw kqcy\pw N{\pw at[y `qan
hcptm N{{KlWhpw DmIpsaw.
N{s \ng `qanbnepw `qanbpsS \ng N{
\nepw hogpp. kqcy {]ImitKmfamIbm
AXnt \ngsempw hogpIbn. kqcy{]
Imitam hnftm aqew icocntbpw apw
\ng hn]coXambn hogpXpt]msebmWn
sXv a\nemWw.
[\mVyt\m, Zcn{Zt\m, cmPmthm, {]Ptbm,
\n\t\m BIpXn\p ImcWw Ah\hs
IaamWv. {Kl\neb. tPymXnjnI {Kl
\ne KWnv kzw a fpsS hnhmlw \S
nbnpw Ahcn hntcm[hpw ssh[hyhpw,
hn[pcXbpw hpIqSpp. KWnXêw icn
bm sW n C s\ h cp sX p sImv ?
AXn\m IaKXn kXyhpw {KlKXnsImv
kpJZpxJ DmIpsXv IfhpamWv.
BIminse {Kl `qan Fnh hfsc
160. {KlemLh N{{KlWm[nImcw 5.4. tKmfm
[ymbw {KlW {]IcWnepw Cu hnjbw
knmintcmaWnbnepv.
161. kqcyknmw N{{KlWm[nImcw
264
AIse nXn sNpp. Imhpw Iahpw
Chbpw Xn _ sampw C. Iaw
sNpXpw êw A\p`hnpXpw Pohm
mhmWv. IafpsS êw A\p`hnnp
Xv ]c am m hp am Wv . {Kl fmWv êw
\IpsXn, Hcph P\np kabv
\mgnI hn\mgnII t\mn \n PmXIw
Ipdnp B \nanjn Xs temIn
ap P\\fpw \Spnt? CsmWv ]d
bp sX n Iw. Ds n Hcp N{I
hnp kam\\mbn asmcm Cu temI
pmImsXv? Cu theIsfmw shdpw
hb n n g n\p thn bm sWp ]d m
AXp a\nemmhpXmWv.
KcpU]pcmW hnai\w
tNmZyw: KcpU]pcmWhpw IamtWm?
Dcw: AsX AkXyamWv.
tNmZyw: Fn acnpIgnm Pohm
mhns KXn Fv?
Dcw: AXv Ian\\pkcnmbncnpw.
tNmZyw: bacmPmhpw, Nn{XKp]vXs\
a{nbpw AhcpsS IcnmdXtftm
epff Incmcpw Pohs\ ]nSnpsImp
t]m Ipw. ]m] ]p Wy f \p k cnv \c I
ntem kz ntem CSpw. Ahp
thn Zm\ ]p Wy fp w { im
XWfpw sshX cWo \Zn IS p
Xn\p thn tKmZm \hpw apw sNp p.
CsXmw IamIpsXs\?
Dcw: CsXmw t]mpeoebnse ]pfp
hSnemWv. apnSs Pohmm Ahn
sSspIbpw [acmPmhpw Nn{XKp]v X\pw
\ymbw \SpIbpw sNbvXm, batemIs
Pohmm ]m]w sNptm Ahp
thn \ymbw \Sm asmcp batemIw
thn hcpp. AXpt]mse `bccq]ap
hcmWv baIncmscn Ahsc ImWm
sXmWv? am{Xa, Cu alm`bcmcpsS
Hcp hnc t]mepw hmXneneqsS ISpIbp
an. ]nss\ Ch Pohmmhns\ ]nSn
psImpt]mIpw? h s]cphgnbnepw CSh
gnbnepw Ch XSsSpepmmsX
mWv? Ah kqvaicocsbpw ssIsm
psamsWn s]cp icocw t]mm
cpsS hoSpIfnemsX ashnsSbmWv kqn
phm IgnbpI? ImpXobpmIptm Fdp
pIfpssSbp Htsd PohnI Hnp
acn pw. Ahsb sImp t]m Ip Xn \v
At\Iw ba ` S m hcp ]w Ahn sS
sbmw Iqcncpv hym]npatm. Ccpv Poh
msc ]nSnpXn\p thn Apanpw HmSp
tm Iqpapn. Cu ]hXmImcmcpsS Ah
b h ae bn Snp hogp Xp t]mse
]dnp hogpw. AXp KcpU]pcmWw hmbn
phcptSbpw tIphcptSbpw Xebn
hoWv Aav acnpw. Asn hoSns
hmXp hoWv ASbpItbm hgnbSbpItbm
sNpw. ]nss\ Ch shfnbn Cdp
Itbm hgn \SpItbm sNpw?
{imhpw X Whpw ]nWv U hp sampw
acn hp In p I bn . t]mv Pn bpsS
ssIbnepw hbnepta Fq. sshXcWn IS
p Xn\p \Ip tKmZm\w
162
t]mn
stbm IimpImcstbm honemsWp
Xv . sshX c Wn bn tev ]ip sNp I bn .
]ns BcpsS hmep ]nSnmWv Asc IS
p Xv ? ]nSn t hs ssII ChnsS
Zlnnp IfbpItbm IpgnnSpItbm sNbvXn
cns FpsImmWv ]nSnpXv?
Pmns IY
Hcp sNdnb DZm l cWw ]dbmw: Hcp
Pmv
163
Dmbncpp. AbmfpsS hon cp
]d ]mep Hcp ]ip Dm bn cp p. \
kzmZp ]mev. CSbvnsS Cu ]mev t]mn\pw
Innsmncpp. Cu ]iphns\ XnsbSp
m ]ptcmlnX B{Klnp. Pmns hb
mb A acnmdmhptm Xs ]cn]mSn
\SnemWsav a\nepdp. hn[nhim
Ipdp Znh k n \Iw hr acn m dmbn
izmkw \nev m dmbn hrs\ \ne n dn
InSn. {]mW t]mImdmbn Fw. Pm
ns _pfpw an{Xfpw AhnsSbpm
bn cp p. Atm ]ptcm ln X ]d p.
""t\mq aIt\! Cu ss sImv DSt\
tKmZm\w sNn Ww.'' Pmv DSt\ Xs
162. ]tcXmmhn\v sshXcWo\Zn ISphm {_m
Wv tKmZm\w sNpXpw \XmsWv
KcpU]pcmWw.
163. Dtcybnse {Xnb IjIhKw
265
]p cq]m FSpv ]nXmhns In sImSp
nv ]dp ""kevw sNmq.'' DSs\ t]mv
]dp ""CXp sImmw. \ t\c tmv !
A Fpw acnptam? Cubhkcn
\ ]mep, hbmIm kmm ]ip
hns\bmWv Zm\w sNtXv. Hmcw ]ip
hns\ Zm\w sNWw.''
Pmv : Fs ] H ]ip th bp q.
AXns\ Zm\w sNbv Xm Ipp Ip n I
IjvSnemIpw. AXns\ Xcn. Zm Ccp]Xp
cq]m. CXpsImSpv \smcp Idhiphns\
hmnsmq.
t]mv: BXpsImmw! At\m hep
XmtWm ]ip? As\ sshX c Wn bn enp
IjvSsSpm\mtWm `mhw? \ aI Xs!
C{X bp am b tm tgbv pw hop Im scmw
t]mns `mKw ]nSn p. Ahsc Abm
t\cs kzm[o \n n cp Xm Wv . Ctmgpw
Ahsc t\mn BwKyw Imn. Fm hcpw
tNv \n_nv ]iphns\ t]mn\p Zm\w
sNnp. Pmv Atm Hccw annbn.
A acnp. t]mv ]iphns\bpw InSmhn
s\bpw ]m Idp temm klnXw hon
sImpt]mbn. Xncnphv ivaim\n arX
tZlw sImpt]mbn kwkvIcnnp., Ahn
sSbpw Aev ] kzev ]w eoe I fm Sn. ]noSv
k]nWvUn apXembh \Snpw Ipsd ]Ww
ASnsSpp. alm{_mWcpw hbdp]ngp
Imcpw Hp IqSn DZ c ]q cWw \S n. Pmv
{Inbbvp th ]mev Ccp hmn! ]Xn\m
env cmhnse Pmv t]mns honsen.
Idh Ignv Xs temmbpw ]mm{Xhpw
FSpv t]mv hcptmgmWv Pmv sNXv.
Abmsf thhw kevcnncpn.
Pmvv: AhnSpw Ccpms
t]mvv: ]mev hon hnp hcmw.
Pmvvv: th. Cp Xms. t]mv ]mm
{Xhpambn Pmns apn Ccpp.
Pmvvv: \n alm I\mWv.
t]mvvv: Fp Iw ]dp?
Pmvvv: Fn\mWv ]iphns\ hmnXv
t]mvvv: \nS\p sshXcWn ISp
Xn\v
Pmvvv: icn ]nsmWv \n ]iphns\
sshX c Wn bpsS Ic bv s n m Xv ?
Rm \nsf hnizknv Xp. \nfXns\
hon sInbnp.. F sshXcWnbn
F{X Ihn IpSnsmdnbmw?
t]mvvv: Cn. Cu Zm\ns ]pWy{]
`mhw asmcp ]iphmbn Atls Asc
Fnnpv.
Pmvvv: sshXcWn \Zn ChnsS\ns{X Zqsc
bmWv? GXp ZnnemWXv?
t]mvvv: Dulw ]dm, ChnsS \nv
apXp tImSn hnfn mSp Zqsc bm Wv . Fs
m \mev]smXp tImSn tbmP\bmWp
`qan. sXv \ncrXn tImWnemWv sshXcWn
\Zn.
Pmv v v : C{X Zqsc \n f b Int\m
Intm Dcw Inn bn ptm? AhnsS
]pWyns ]ip Dmsbtm Cmcv A
scsbnsbtm h hnhchpw Innbnps
n ImWnpI
t]mvvv: Fs ] KcpU]pcmWnse
{]amWamsX Itm Inmtem Hpan
.
Pmvvv: Cu KcpU]pcmWw kXyamsWv
Rms\s\ Adnbpw?
t]mvvv: Fmhcpw hnizknpXpsImv.
Pmvvv: Cu ]pkvXIw \nfpsS ]qnI
hbp]ngn\mbn DmnXmWv. A\v
Xs atfmSmsX amtcmSpw kvt\lapm
hp I bn . Fs F\n s gp X s. Rm
]iphns\ sshXcWncbn FnpsIm
mw. As\ Ac ISnbnv ]iphns\
Xncn p sIm p hv Idv Rm\pw Fs
afpw IpSn p sIm mw. B ]mm{Xw
AhnsS hbvv.
Pmv ]iphns\bpw InSmhns\bpw Agnv
]mm{Xhpambn Xncnp.
t]mvvv: Zm\w sImSpXv Xncnp hmn
tbm? \o apSnp t]mIpw.
Pmvvv: annXncnv. Csn ]p ]Xn
aqp Znhkw ]menmsX Fs IjvSsSp
nbXns Ipdhp Rm XopIfbpw.
266
Atm t]mv \mh S n. Pmv ]ip hn
s\bpw InSm hn s\bpw sImv t]mhp Ibpw
sNbvXp. Cu Pmns\tmsebph Dm
bm temIv t]mpeoe \SpIbn.
_en]pek]nWvUn
]p\m _enbnv ]pebmNcnp ]{
n\v k]nWv Un \S n bm ico c tmSv
Bmhv tNv AwKpjvTam{X icocnbmbn
ba temIw {]m]n p sav Nne ]d bp p.
As\bmsWn acWkabv baZqX
m hcpXv hyYamWv. ]Xnaqmw \mfmWv
Ah htc Xv . icocw Dm bm `mcym
]p{Xm Zn I tfmSpw Cjv S an {X tfmSpw D
tamlw \nanw Xncnp hcmsXmWv?
tNmZyw: kzKn, ChnsS \Inb
Zm\ta e`nq. asmpw InpIbn. AXn
\m Fmhcpw Zm\w sNWw.
Dcw: \nfpsS B kzKnt\m
\Xv Cu `qanbmWv. ChnsS [aimeIfpv,
a\p jy Zm\w sNpw. Cjv S an {X tfmSpw
kaq l tmSpw kl h kn mw. \ hkv {Xw
DSp mw. \n ]d bp Xp t]m se bmWv
kzK sa n Ahn sSmpw Inp I bn .
Acw \n bhpw Zcn {Zhpw {Iqc hp amb
kzKn t]mv t]mbn ]mv ZpcnXa\p
` hn s. AhnsS \ a\p jyv Fp
Imcyw?
tNmZyw: \n fpsS A`n {]m b n
ba\pw ba tem Ihpw ap an s n acnv
Poh Ftmp t]mIpp? \ymbw \Sp
Xmcv?
Dcw: \nfpsS KcpU]pcmWn ]d
ncnpXv {]amWa. Fm thtZm
amb ""bat\ hmbp\m. kXycmP''
164
apX
emb hN \ fm ba hmbp hm sWv
\nnXamIpp. icocw hn Poh Aco
n hmbp hn t\m sSmw hn p p.
kXyImhpw ]]mXclnX\pw Bb ]c
am m hmWv [a cm Pm hm b, k I e cp tSbpw
\ymbImhv.
tNmZyw: \n ]d {]ImcamsW
n tKmZm \hpw ap Zm\ ]p Wym Zn Ifpw
sNtXn Fp knnpp.
Dcw: \n C d Xv icn b .
kXv]m{Xfn ]tcm]ImcmYw Zm\w sN
Ww. kzWw, shn, cXv\w, apv, amWnIyw,
Aw, Pew, ew CXymZn Zm\w sNmw.
Fm Ip]m{Xfn Hcnepw Zm\w sN
cpXv.
tNmZyw: Ip]m{XfpsSbpw kXv]m{X
fpsSbpw eWsamWv?
Dcw: NXnb, Im]Sym, kzmYnI,
hjbnI, Imat{Im[tem`tamlfph,
]clm\n sNph, eS, anYymhmZnI,
AhnZzmm, NoqpsIph, aSnbm,
\\ nSw Ipgn p h (X cp h tcmSv
hopw hopw Bh iy s Sp h) \n_
nv BhiysSph, [W sNph,
F{X Innbmepw kpjvSnbnmh, ZmXm
hns\ \nnph, i]npIbpw No hnfn
pIbpw sNph, At\Iw XhW sImSp
nv Hcn sImSpmXncpm shdpp
h, kw\ymknthjw sIn hnph,
Ds nepw Csp ]dv Cc p h,
kvXpXn ]mSnbnv kzmYw t\Sph, cm]
I `n bmNnph, Wnp hcpn
bm Imhpw ap amZI hkvXpfpw Ignv
{Iantesd `nph. ]noSv D
cmbn sXpI sNph, kXyn\p hncp
ambn kz Xm ev ]cyw kwc n p hm
Ak Xy amK n \S p h, tbmKysc
AhKWnv Xs am{Xw ]cnKWnm injy
msc D]tZinph, kZvhnZybvpw apw
FXncmbncnph, PKnse hymhlmcnI
hrn I tfm Sv kv {Xo ]p cp j m, amXm ]n Xm
, a, cmP{]PI, an{X apXemb
_ anYy bm Wv . PKpw anYy bmWv
Fp]tZinv FXnpmph apXem
bhcmWv Ip]m{X.
{_NmcnI, PntX{nb, thZmZn kZzn
ZyI ]Tnbpw ]TnnpIbpw sNph,
kpioe, kXyhmZnI, ]tcm]Imc{]nb,
]pcpjmYnI, DZmcioe, hnZym[asf
164. EtKzZw 10.14.8, AYhw 20.141.2, bPq 20.4
(bYm{Iaw)
165. km\mZv {_mtWm \nXyapZzntPX hnjmZnh.
AarXtkyh NmImMv Zham\ky khZm
(a\pkvarXn 2.162)
267
\nccw t]mjnnph, [amm,
imioe, \nmkvXpXnIfn ljtimI
fnmh, \n`b, DmlnI, tbmKn
I, m\n I, krjv Sn {I aw, thZm ,
Cuizcs KpWIakz`mh Fnhbv
\p Iq e ambn hn p h, \ymb co Xn bp
cpw ] ]m X c ln X cp ambn ktXym ] tZ
ihpw kXyimkv{XfpsS ]T\hpw ]mT\hpw
sNph, As\bphsc \nconp
h, Bpw kv XpXn ]mSm h, tNmZy
v icnbmb kam[m\w ]dbph, Xt
Xpt]mse A\ys kpJZpxJsf ]cnKWn
ph. AhnZymZn ti, Zpc`nam\w,
Zpcm{Klw, \n__pn, Fnhbnm
h, A]am\s AarXXpeyambpw am\n
ens\ hnjXpeyambpw IcpXph
165
kp
jvS {]oXn]qhw \evIpXns\ {]kXm
]qw kzoIcnph. Hcn B]evm
ev \ev Im Xn cn p Itbm \nc kn p Itbm
sNbvXm ZpxJntbm \nntbm AhnsS
\nv {]Xntj[nndntmItbm sNm
h, kuJyaphtcmSv ssa{Xn, ZpxJnXtcmSv
IcpW, ]pWymmtfmSv B\w, ]m]nI
tfmSv Dt]
166
AXmbXv cmKtZzjclnX,
kXys am\nbpw ]dbpIbpw sNph,
\njvI]S, CujymtZzjclnX, Kwòcmi
bcmb kXv]pcpj, [abp, ZpjvSmNmc
anmh, kzw icocw a\v, [\w Fnh
]tcm]Imcn\p am{Xw D]tbmKnph,
A\ycpsS kpJn\p thn kzw {]mW
s\tmepw kanph, apXemb ipè
W bp cmWv kXv ]m {X . Fm
ma _m[ apX emb B] Xv Im e fn
Aw, Pew, hkv{Xw, Huj[n, A`bm\w,
Fnhbvv Fm PohnIpw Hcpt]mse
AhImiapmbncnpw.
tNmZyw: ZmXm F{Xhn[apv?
Dcw: Da, a[ya, \nIrjvS, Fp
aqp hn[w. tZi Im e ]m {X t\mn
kXyhnZy, [aw FnhbpsS DXnsb
]tcm]ImcmYw \IphcmWv Da ZmXm
. kzmY Xbv pw Ionpw thn
Zm\w sNph a[yacmWv. kzbtam ap
htm Hcp D]Imchpw sNmhcpw, hy`n
Nmcw, aZy]m\w Agnmw Fnhsb Zm\w
sNbvXp t{]mmlnnphcpw \oNZmXm
fmWv. sImSpptm A]am\npIbpw
\nnpIbpw sNpI, kXv]m{XIp]m{X t`Z
sampw Adn hn m Xn cn p I, Imfbv pw
t]mn\pw Ism s an hnhm Zhpw
hgpw \SpI, [ammsf ZpxJnnv
kz bw kpJn mthn Zm\w sNpI
Fnh A[acmb ZmXm sNpXmWv.
\nW bn dnv hnZzm mpw [am m
pw [m\w \evIph DaZmXmfpw
Adnmepw Adnnsnepw kzw \
bvpthn Zm\w sNph a[yacpw Hpw
t\mmsX \njvêambn Zm\w sNph
\nIrjvSZmXmfpamWv.
tNmZyw: Zm\ êw ChnsS e`n ptam
AtXm ]ctemIntem?
Dcw: FmbnSpw.
tNmZyw: X\ntb e`n ptam AtXm
Bscnepw Xcptam?
Dcw: êw \IpXv Cuizc\mWv.
I\pw sImmc\pw Pbnen t]mIm
Cnpnsnepw cmPmhv Ahsc Abbvp
Xp t]m se bm Wn Xv [am m fpsS
kpJs kwcnv \evIpXn\pw sIm
mcn \npw apw cnv kuJya\p`hn
npXn\pamWnXv. CXpt]mse ]cammhv
Fm hpw ]m] ]p Wy fpsS ê ambn
ZpxJhpw kpJhpw tbmPncoXnbn \evIpp.
]pcmWhpw X{hpw
tNmZyw: KcpU]pcmWw apXemb {K
thZstbm thZmYstbm ]pjvSn
sSppptm?
Dcw: C. am{Xa thZn\p hncp
ambpw hn]coXambpamWv t]mv. X{fpw
A s\ X s bm Wv . Hcp h Hcm fn s
an{Xhpw aphcpsSsbmw i{Xphpw Bbn
cnpXpt]msebmWv ]pcmWhpw X{hpw
hnizknphcpsS coXn. ]ckv]c hntcm[w
Dm p h bmWv Cu {K . Chsb
hniz kn p Xv hnZzm mp tN X .
adnv Chsb am\npXv ]macX\nanam
Wv.
166. tbmKkq{Xw 1.33
268
{hXw D]hmkw
inh ]p cm W n {Xtbm Z inbpw Xn fm
gv N bpw, BZn Xy ]p cm W n Rmb dmgv N
N{m J Wv U n sNmm, _p[ hymgw,
shn Fnh cmlp tI Xp v i\n,
sshjvWhv GImZin, hma\\v ZzmZin, \c
knwln\pw A\\pw NXpZin, N{`K
hm ]uW an, ZnIv ]m e Iv Zi an,
ZpKbvv \han, hkpv AjvSan, ap\n
amv k]vXan, ImntIb kzmanv jjvTn,
\mK n \p ] an , KtW i\v NXpYn ,
Kucnv XrXob, Aizn\oIpamcmv ZznXo
b, BZymtZhnbvv {]Ya, ]nXrv Aam
hkn. ]pcmWf\pkcnv Cu Znhk D]
h kn t Zn\ fm Wv . Cu hmc fnepw
XnYnIfnepw A]m\w Ignph \cI
n t]mIpsav k{X FgpXn hnpv.
t]mn\pw injympw sNmhpXv Cu
\mfpIfnsempw `Ww IgnmXncnpI
bmWv. Ignm \cIw Xs KXn. A
cmb BfpI FgpXnbpmnb \nWb
knp, [aknp, {hXm apXemb {K
fn {hXZn\sfn ISp sshcp[y
fpv. DZmlcWn\v ssih GImZinsb
FXnp p. (ssh jv W h cp tS Xm I bm )
Nne Zianv D]hknpp, Nne ZzmZin
pw. F{X hnNn{XamsWp t\mpI. ]n
Wn In S p Xn\pw hnhmZw! Cu GIm Zio
{hXw \Smnbh XnI kzmYnIfm
sWp am{X a , \n b cp am Wv . Ah ]d
bpp: ""GImZiymat ]m]m\n hkn"".
temInep ]m]samw GImZin\mfn
A n IpSn sIm p p ht{X! BcpsS
]m]amWXn hknpsXv t]mnt\mSp
tNmZnWw. Xstbm Xs ]nXmamcp
tStbm Fv. kham\]m]fpw GImZin
bn t]mbn IpSnsImm, As Znhkw
Bpw Xs ZpJm \p `hw Dm I cp Xv .
Fm A\p`hw As\b. hnipw apw
sImv ZpxJnpXmW\p`hw. ZpxJw ]m]
êamWv. AXn\m ]nWn InSpXv ]m]
amWv.
GImZioamlmyhnai\w
GImZinv henb amlmyw ]dbppv.
CXns IY tIp ]ecpw hnXcmbn
pv. AXnsemcp IY C{]ImcamWv.
{_temIn Hcp thiybpmbncpp.
Ah Ipsd A]mc[ sNbvXp. Ahv
Hcp im]w Inn. ""\o `qanbn ]Xns"" Fv.
Ah kvXpXnv {]mnv X\nv Fs\
kzKn hopsam Ignbpsav tNmZn
p. ""\n\ m sc nepw GIm Z in bpsS êw
\Iptm kzKn Fm Ignbp
sav '' im] tamw Inn. Ah hnam \ k
lnXw GtXm \Kcn sNp hoWp. \obm
cmWv Fv Ahn Ss cmPmhp tNmZn p.
kIe hrmfpw Ah ]dp. Bsc
nepw GImZiohrXns êw \evInbm
F\nv kzK nsem Ignbpsapw
Ah ]dp. cmPmhv \Kcnsemw At\z
jnp. GImZio{hXw t\m Hcmsfbpw Is
nbn. Fm Hcp iq{Zkv{Xobpw AhfpsS
`mhpw Xn Ielapmbn. tZjysv
Ah Hcp cmhpw ]Iepw Blmcw Ignn.
ssZhKXym Av GImZinbmbncpp. "Rm
Adn p sImv Av GIm Zin t\m X .
AdnbmsX Ap ]nWn InSpt]mbXmWv'.
Fv cmP`rXytcmSp ]dp. Ah Ahsf
cmPmhns apmsI lmPcmn. cmPmhv Ah
tfmSv hnam\n sXmSphm ]dp Ah
sXmXpw hnam\w apIfntepbp t]mbn.
CXv AdnbmsX t\mpt]mb GImZinbpsS
êamWv! AdnpsImv t\mm AXns
ên\Xncptm!! Ipsnepw ImWm
htc! \nv lm Ijv Sw! kzK n
enm Hcp apdpm Rm\nhnsS \nbp
sImSpmw. GImZin t\mh AhcpsS êw
F\np Xc s. Hcp apdp m taev t]mp
t]mbm tImSn I W n \ tm b bv mw.
\fpw GImZin t\mpsImmw. CXp \S
nsn hnip acnp B]n \np
csSpIbpamhmw.
167. Nnnse Idp]w apX Bcw`npp.
NnwImanI, [\Z, InAP]Zva
XpemwC{, ]m]mpi, hrnIwca, {]t_m[n\n,
[\p, kwhcZo]{hX, tamZ aIcw kê,
]p{XZ, Ipw`w jSvXne, Pb ao\whnPb, Bae
In, taSw]m]tamNn\n, ImaZ. CShwcq]nWn,
tamln\n, anYp\w A]c, \nPe, InSIw
tbmKn\n, imbn\n, A[namkn hcmhp cv
Iae, ImaZ (]]pcmWw DcJWvUw)
269
Hcp sImnse Ccp]n\mev GImZin
Ipw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw t]cnnpv.
167
[\Z, ImaZ, ]p{XZ, \nPe FsmamWXv.
At\Iw Zcn{Zcpw Cmepfpw IpnIfnm
hcpw apw GIm Zin t\mv Bbp sm Spn
Cpw HSppp. Ahmpw [\tam, A`n
emj ]qntbm, km\tam Dmbn. ao\
amknse shfp]nse NqSn Hcp
\mgnI t]mepw shanmsX IgnpIqphm
hnjaambncns {hXsaSpph Fp Zpcn
XamW\p`hnpXv. hntijnpw _wKmfnse
hn[hIv GImZin \mfn ISp Zpcn
Xm\p`hfmWv.
Cu \n b cmb Iim p Imv Fgp Xp
tm a\n HpwXs Zbhnmbncpp.
\nPebvv kPesbpw aIcnse ]p{X
Zbvv \nPesbpw t]cnncpsn Ipsd
sbnepw \mbncpp. Asn Xs, Cu
t]mmv Zbbpambn Fp _\v[w? Bcp
Pohnmepw acnmepw t]mns hbdp \ndb
Ww. A{XXs.
K`nWnIfpw \hhnhmlnXcmb kv{Xo]p
cpjmcpw D]hknpItb AcpXv. Bs
nepw D]hknWsans APoW
tam hni n m bv atbm D tm i c
tN k_tm ]mtem Ignv D]hkn
Ww. hniptm `nmXncnpXpw
hninmsX `npXpw tcmKkmKcn
tep apmwIpgnbnv ZpxJw hcpn hbv
emWv.
Kpcpinjyat{m]tZi
aXaXmcfpsS Ncn{Xw
Fnhsbn hWnmw.
tNmZyw: hn{K lm cm [ \m k { Zm b m,
thZw A\amtWm
168
Fp tNmZnmdpv.
EtKzZns 21 bPpthZns 101Dw kma
thZns 1000hpw AYhthZns 9Dw
imJIfpv.
169
Chbn hfsc Ipdp imJ
I am{Xta Cp e`nppq.
170
_mn
ep]vXambn. Ahbn hn{Klmcm[\, XoY
Fn hsb kw_ n {]am W
DmbncnWw. Cmbncpsn ]pcmW
fn Chsbs\ hp? Imcys Iv Imc
Ws A\pam\npXpt]mse
171
]pcmW
fn ImWp I bm hn{K lm cm [ \ bn
Fn\p kwibnWw?
Dcw: imJI hrn\\pkcnmbn
cnpw. hncpambn. imJsNdptXm heptXm
BIs, sshcpyw DmhpIbn. e`yamb
imJIfn Hnepw hn{Klmcm[\bpw Pe
e hn ti j sf XoY fmbn KWn p
Xpw ZriyambvIbm ep]vXamb imJI
fnepw Acw {]amW DmbncnpI
bn. IqSmsX thZ ]qWambn e`nnp
v. Ahbvp hncpambn Hcp imJbpw Dm
hp I bn . hncp am sW n AXv imJ bm
sWv m]nphm Bpw kmyhpa
. Imcyw CXmbncns ]pcmW ep]vX
amb thZimJIv A\pkrXa. km{Zm
bnI ]ckv]c hncpamb IYI Dmn
hncnpIbmWv.
168. A\m ssh thZmx (ssX {_mx 3.10.11)
169 alm`mjyw 1.1.1. Cu thZimJIfpsS Fw
IrjvWssZz]mb\ thZhymk\pw injy{]injy
mcpw {]hNnhbptSXmWv. Ahbvpw {]mNo\
amb imJI tem]np t]mbn. Ahbn NneXn
t\n {]mXnimJy{Kfn ]cmaiapv.
Cp sFXtcb {_mWns _w
{]mNo\ sFXtcb imJbpambnmWv. AXv tem]n
pt]mbn. imSymb\n, `mhn, `mKpcn, XmWvUn XpS
nb imJIfpambn _s {_mWtfn
hymIcW {Kfn kqN\bpv. ]mWn\npw
{]mNo\amb B]nieinbpsS Bdmw JWvU
n kmXyap{Knbw, cmWmb\obw Fo t]cp
I imJIfpsSXmbn ImWmw. tIcf kmlnXy
AmZanbpsS klmbtmsS ]cn`mjI Xm
dmn hcp sshZnI kmlnXy Ncn{Xn hni
Zambn {]Xn]mZnnpv). imJIfpsSbpw
{_mWfpsSbpw {]hN\w {_mEjnbpsS
Imew apX \Sphcpp. CXhkm\nXv
IrjvWssZz]mb\hymks injymtcmSpIqSn
bmWv.
170. e`yamb imJI . EtKzZw imIew AYhm
imMvJmb\w (CXv ap{ZnXa) ipbqthZ
ns am[yn\w AYhm ImWzw IrjvWb
PqthZns ssXncobw (B]kvXw_o)
ssa{XmbWo, ImTIw, ITw, I]njvTew, kmath
Zns IuYpao cmWmb\n (Aap{ZnXw) AYhth
Zns iu\Iw, AYhm ss]emZw.
(CXpw ]qWambn ap{ZnXa)
171. ]pI (Imcyw) Iv Xotb (ImcWw)
A\pam\npXpt]mse.
270
thZsf \n CuizcIrXsawKoI
cnptm Bizemb\mZn Ejnap\namcpsS
t]cn {]knamb {Ksf Fn\v thZ
fwKoIcnpp? XSnbpw Cebpw Iv Ac
bmtem t]cmtem amthm Fdnbphm Ign
bpXpt]mse, Ejnap\nam FgpXnb thZm
Mv K , \mep {_m W , AwK ,
D]mMvK D]thZ BZnbmbh t\mn
bmWv thZmYw Xncn dn bp Xv . AXn \m
et{X Cu {K sf imJ sbpw ]d bp
Xpw thZp hncpambh {]amWam
hpIbn. A\pIqeambh {]amWamXmhp
Ibpw C. ep]vXamb imJIfn hn{Klmcm
[\bptSbpw apw {]amWw Dsp ]dbp
]w AXn hWm{iahyh hn]coX
ambnmWv DsXv Nne hmZnpw. iq{Z
{_mW\msWpw {_mWmZnIsf iq{Z
scp hnfnWsapw AKayI KayIfm
sWpw AIhyw I hy am sW pw,
anYym`mjWw [aamsWpw kXy`mjWw
A[aamsWpw apw FgpXnbnpspw
]dbpw. Atm \nv R ]d
Dcta ]dbm\mhq. AXmbXv thZnepw
e_v [imJIfnepw {_mWmZnIv A
s\bpw iq{Zm Zn Iv A{] Im chpw Xs
bmWv t]cpsXn\m ep]vX imJIfnepw
A s\ X stb hcq Fv . As n
hWm{iahyhbpw apw asmcp Xcn
em bn tm Ipw, Hm tem Nnq ssPan \n bp
tSbpw hymksbpw ]XRvPenbptSbpw Imew
hsc
173
imJ I sfmw Dm bn cp p htm?
AtXm Cm bn cp p thm? Dm bn cp p sh
n \nfndbpXn\v AYan. Cmbn
cp p sh n imJ I Dm bn cpp F
Xn\p Xs FmWv sXfnhv ? t\mq!
ssPan\n aoamw k bn kh hn[ Ia Im
WvUhpw ]XRvPen
174
tbmKhnZybneSn
bn cn p kh hn[ m\ Im Wv Uhpw
thZm\pIqeambn kamlcnnptm. Ahn
bnsemnepw hn{Klmcm[\tbntbm XoY
m \ sf ntbm kqN\ t]mep an .
FhnsS\nv FgpXm\mWv? GsXnepw thZ
nepmbncpsn FgpXmsX hnSpItb
Cmbncpp. AXn\m ep]vXimJIfnepw
hn{Klmcm[\ apXembhbpsS {]amWfn
Xs.
imJI thZf
Cu imJIsfmpw thZf. Fsm
Chbn CuizcIrXamb thZfpsS {]Xo
Isf kmwkvImcnI P\fpsS Ncn{Xambn
hymJym \n n p v . AXn \m Ah sbmpw
thZf Fp Xs \nbnWw. thZ
172. imJsb ]Zw hfsc {][m\amWv.
thZmMvKpw D]mMvKpw ChnsS
imJsbp {]tbmKnncnpXv KuWambnmWv.
]]mZn (5.25) Zi]mZn (3.56) DWmZn
kq{Xfn ioMvitb F [mXphn \nmWv
imJm kwbpsS hypXv]n. AXn\m
thZmYw FhnsS ibnppthm AXv imJbm
bn. \ncpnImc 1.4 epw 6.32 epw iIvt\mXnbn
\nv imJm i_vZw \nhNnpXn\m GXn
\m thZmYw Adnbphm Ignbppthm AXv
imJ FYw Inpw. Cu kmam\ymYw kzoI
cnp sImmWv AMvtKm]mMvKv imJ
sbv {KImc FgpXpXv.
173. hymkinjy\mb ssPan\nbpw av injy {]injy
mcpw Ahkm\s 1127 imJIfpsS {]hm
fmbncpp. AXn\m ChcpsS Imev imJ
IfpsS A`mhw Dmbncptm F {]iv\ta DZn
pn. adnv at\Iw imJIfpw Dmbncpn
cnmt\ hgnbpp. alm`mjyImc\mb ]XRvP
enbpsS ImeLhpw alm`mcXImen\v 5001000
hjw apmbncpncnWw. Ctlns
Imev sshZnI{KfpsS ]T\ ]cc An
cpn. {KmatXmdpw imJIfpsS A[yb\hpw
A[ym]\hpw Dmbncpp. "{Kta {Kmta ImTIw
Imem]Iw N t{]mNytX' Fv alm`mjyw 4.3.101
174. tbmKimkv{X {]hmhmb ]XRvPen
alm`mjycNbnXmhmb ]XRvPentbm
{]No\\mbncpp.
175. thZfn\nv Ncn{Xw Dmphm {ianpXv
sshZnI ]mccysnbp AXsImpw
A]uctjbXmhmZns Axk {Klnm
\mhmXpsImpamWv. sshZnIkwIv
hynIfpambn t\cnv Hcp _hpan.
176. Dtcybnepw tIcfsamgnsIbp ZntWy
bnepw ]qPmcnI Cs\ t\cnv Bcm[ItcmSv
Ccpp. tIcfn ]dsbSpv, PotWmmc
Ww, Xpem`mcw apXemb hgn]mSpI Fns\
hyhm]qhamb ]Ww ]ncnhmWv F hyXym
k ap v . tIc fo b t {X Xt i ` c W tI {
fpw IqSnbmbncpXn\m IptdqSn hyhm
]nXamb kmaqlnI m]\fmbncpp. IqSp
X AdnbpXn\v ]cn`mjIs ""hn{Klmcm[\
bnse'' t{Xfpw kaqlhpw F A[ymbw
t\mpI.
271
fn a\pjy\mhiyamb Adnth D]tZin
npq Hcp a\pjytbpw t]c AXnep
Xv
175
. CXpw hn{K lm cm [ \ bpsS XnI
JWvU\w XsbmWv.
alm]pcpjmsc \nn
hn{K lm cm [\ sImv {iocm a, {ioIr
jvW,\mcmbW, inh apXembhsc \nn
pIbpw D]lknpIbpamWv sNpXv . Ch
scmw alm cm Pm [n cm Pm mcpw ChcpsS
`mcyamcmb koX, cpIvanWn, evan, ]mhXn
apX em b h dmWn am cp am bn cp sv Fm
hpadnbmhp ImcyamWv . Fm Ch
cpsS hn{Kl t{Xfnhv ]qPmcn
hKw ]nsXpp. AXmbXv Chsc `n
mcmppshYw. ""hmpt! bP
am\t\! apXemfo! Ccpms, Zi\w Ignm
s. koXm cm a m, cpIv an Wo Ir jv W m,
AYhm cm[mIrjvWm, evao\mcmbW
m, ]mh Xo in h m cp aq p \m fmbn
t\Zyw t]mepw CmsX IjvSsSpIbmWv.
Cpw Hpw Innbn. koXbvv aqpn
DmnpXcWw. t\Zyw Ignnm t\Zn
mw. DSbmSIodn t{Xns aqebnSnp.
apI fn \np tNm bp v . Dm bn cp
sXms I sImp t]m bn. Fen bpsS
ieyw Nn d b . .
176
shn v FSp p
sImpt]mbn. thsdbpmm \nhrnbn
mXpsImmWv IhnSnpmnhXv''
cmaeoebpw cmk{IoUbpw IqSn Ch \S
m dp v . koXbp w cma \p w, cm[bp w
Irjv W\pw BSp Xv Ah cpsS ` cmb
cmPmhpw alm]ptcmlnX\pw apw Iv B\
npp. t{Xfn cma\pw koXbpw apw
\nev p Ibpw ]ptcm ln X mcpw kzman bm c
mcpw apw ]psaIfn DcpXebnW
Ifn NmcnbncnpIbpw sNpp. sImSpw
NqSnt]mepw tZhmsc ]qnbnnv, kzhm
bphn Inenv Chcpdpp. Nne ]qPmcn
I Ah cpsS \mcm b Ws\ Nnan gn e Sv
apn s]mXnv Igp n sIn q n
smp \S p p. s]Ip cv Ipn p c
s\ ]bn Xqn\SpXpt]msebm
WnXv. Bcm\pw hn{KlfpSmepSs\ s\
Snv apd hn fn Iq p p. ""koX tbbpw cma
t\bpw Asn cm[mIrjvWmsc, As
n inht\bpw ]mhXntbbpw ZpjvSm
XnbpSp. C\n \ shn \ inev]n
sbsmv hn{Klw Xonv {]XnjvTnWw.
s\ `n tjIw \S Ww. bYm in kw`m
h\ sNWw.'' Fns\ Blzm\w sNp
Ibmbn. cmaeoebpw cmk{IoUbpw Ignv
cmat\bpw IrjvWt\bpw koXtbbpw cm[
tbbpw sImv `nsbSpnmdpv. Dh
fpw apw \Sptm IpnIsf DnIr
jvWsbpw apw thjw sInv bmNnnp
p. CsXmw F{ X Iv em I chpw
IjvShpw BsWv BtemNnWw. koXbpw
cma\pw apw C{X Zcn {Zcpw bmN I cp am bn
cptm? CXhsc \nnpIbpw D]lknp
Ibpasn ]nsmWv? B am\y]pcpj
msc CXne[nIw A]am\npsXs\?
koXbpw cpIvanWnbpw evanbpw ]mhXnbpw
apw Dm bn cp Ah k c n Ahsc
{ ]Zin n m hgn bn tem hon tem
\nm Ignbpambncptm? AhcpsS t]cpw
]dv Ccnpambncptm? koXbpw cma\p
sampw Cu aqVmcpsS hmptIv Cs\
sNpItbm sNm\\phZnpItbm Cmbn
cp p. Ahsc Cs\ A] am \n p Xp
Im X in \ImsX hnSp am bn
cptm? Ahcn \np in InmXpsIm
m bn cnmw ]qPm cn I fpsS Ia ^ e sa
hw At\Iw hn{Klhntcm[nI Chv
{]kmZw sImSp Xpw Cpw sImSp p
sImn cn p Xpw. Cu Zpjv Iaw XpS cp
thmfw InnsmncnpIbpw sNpw. Bcym
h n\v {]Xn Zn\w Dm bn sm n cn
p am\lm\npw hn{Klmcm[IcpsS ]cm
Pbn\pw ImcWw Ccw {]hrnIfmWv.
]m]ns êw ZpxJamWtm. Cu inem
hn{Klfnep hnizmkw hfsctbsd lm\n
hcpnhnpv. CXp hnnsn A\Yw
{]XnZn\w hnpsImncnpw.
amcWwtaml\w
Chcn hmaamKnIfmWv henb Ipm.
177. im]cX{w (_wKmfn) {]IoW{]IcWw 44.
178. Sn. 41.
179. ImacXv\X{w _oPa{w. 4
272
injymsc kzoIcnptm Ch at{m]
tZiw \IpXp t\mpI:
Zw ZpcvKmssb \ax`wss`chmb \ax sFw
{low nw NmapWvUmssb hnss.
_wKmfn hntijs GImco a{
D]tZinmdpv. {low {iow.
177
nw
CXymZn [\m Vy mv ]qW Ipw`m `n tj
Ihpw \Smdpv. CXpt]mse Zialm hnZy
IfpsS a{w t\mpI:
{lmw {low {lqw hK em apssJy ^Sv
kzmlm
178
NnebnSv lqw ^v kzmlm
179
Fpw ]d bpw. IqSmsX amcWw, taml \w,
DmS\w, hntZzjWw, hioIcWw apXemb
{]tbmKfpw sNpp. AhnsS a{w sImv
Hpw km[n p n . Fmw {Inb I fm Wv .
Bscsbnepw sImm amcWw sNptm,
sNn p bm fns ] \nv ]Ww
hmpw. tKmX p s]m Sn sImtm ap
sImtm sImtbmfns {]Xnabpmpw.
AXns Igp nepw s\nepw \mUn bn
epsamw ]nmn Xd bv pw. Inepw
ssIIm ep I fnepw BWn b Sn pw. ZpK bp
tStbm ss`c h stbm {]Xn a bp mn
ssIn {Xniqehpw ]nSnnv sImtbm
fns {]Xn a bpsS s\n\p t\sc m]n
pw. thZnbpmn amwkhpw apw tlman
m XpS pw. ZqXm fns\ Abv hnjw
sImSptm atm Abmsf sImm t\mpw.
{InbIfpsS CSbvv Abmsf sIm Ign
m ss`chsbpw tZhnbpsSbpw knn
bpbmfmWv Xms\pw ]dbpw. "ss`cthm
`qX\mY' Fsmw P]npw. Ch amcb
amcb, DmSb DmSb. hntZzjb hntZzjb,
Onn Onn, `nn`nn, hioIpcphioIp
cp. JmZ b Jm Zb, `b `b t{XmSb
t{XmSb, \mib \mib, aa i{Xq hioIqcp
hioIpcp lp, ^Sv kzmlm.
180
apXemb a{
P]npp. aZyamwkmZnI btYjvSw
Blcnpp. knqcsmv sXmSpp. Nne
tm a\pjysc ]nSnIqSn Imfnv _ensIm
Sp p Ibpw tlman \c amwkw Xnp Ibpw
sNp p. Bsc nepw ss`c ho N{I n
sNm amwkw `ntbm aZyw IpSntbm
sNm ]w sImp tlmanp IfbpIbpw.
Ch cn BtLmcn Isf Iq arX i co c
nse amwkw IqSn `nphcmWv. AP
co_PcnI a\pjycpsS aeaq{Xfpw `n
pp. Chcns tNmfoamKm, _oP
amKnI Fp cp X c m cp v . tNmfo
amKnI GsXnepw clky ktXntem
`qan Sn bntem Hcp m\ ap m p p.
AhnsS FmhcptSbpw kv{XoIfpw ]pcpjm
cpw, afpw acpafpw, A s]mcpsamw
IqSntv aZyamwkmZnI `npp. ]pcp
jm Hcp kv{Xosb \bmn ZpmtZhn
sbp t]cnv Kp]vtX{nb ]qP \Spp.
kv{XoI CXpt]mse Hcp ]pcpjtbpw ]qP
Ign pw. ]noSv IpSnp a cm bn gn bp
tm Fm kv{XoIfpsSbpw "tNmfn" (Pm
v) Ducn hensbmcp a]m{Xn CSpp.
AXn ssInv Hmtcm ]pcp j\pw Hmtcm
tNmfn FSppp. ssIn Inp tNmfn,
AbptStXm, s]fptStXm, aIfptStXm,
]p{Xh[phnttXm Bbmepw icn XXvIme
tv A h `mcy bmWv At\ym\yw
ZpjvIa sNp Ch elcn aqm
Xn p Ibpw sNpw. Iptd sh fp n\v
hontep aSnspw. ]ns A Abpw
aI aIfpw s] s]fpw ]p{Xh[p ]p{X
h[phpw Bbncnpw!
_oP amKn I kv {Xo ]p cp j k am Kaw
Ignv hocyw Ienb Pew ]m\w sNp
p. CsXmw apnamKambmWv Cu ]mac
m Icp Xp Xv . hnZym `ym ktam, hnNm c i
ntbm, k\kwkKtam Cqn.
ssihaX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: ssihaXm \hcmtWm?
Dcw: Fs\ \hcmIm\mWv? t{]X
\m Y s\s\tbm `qX \m Y\pw A s\
Xs. hmaamKnI at{m]tZiw \evInbpw
apw ]Ww ]nSp p Xpt]mse ssihcpw
"Hmw \axinhmb' apX emb ]m c a {
D]tZinbpw cp{Zm `kvamZnI
[cnpIbpw, atm ItmsImv enMvKap
180. ImacXv\X{w DmS\{]IcWw 5.7 181. Iutem]\njXv IpemWhX{w 11mw Dmkw.
273
mn ]qPnpIbpw sNpp. IqSmsX, lc
lc _w_w Fpw BSns i_vZwt]mse
_Uv _Uv _Uv Fpw hmsImv i_vZap
m p Ibpw sNpp. AXn\p ImcWw
_w_w ]d m ]mhXn ktm jn p
Ibpw inh tIm]npIbpw sNpXmWv.
`kvamkpcs apn\nv inh HmSnbtm
_w_w i_vZapmpIbpw Ifnbmn ssI
sImpIbpw sNvXXmWt{X ImcWw. AXp
t]mse IpchbnSpXpsImv inh {]kmZn
pIbpw ]mXn tIm]npIbpw sNpat{X.
]mXnbpsS ]nXmhmb Z{]Pm]XnbpsS
inckdpv tlmannv ]Icw BnXe hp
]nSnnp. AXns i_vZa\pIcnv BSns
i_v Zw t]mse Ipc h bn Sp Xm sWv k
ev ]n pp. inh cm{Xn {hXhpw {]tZm j {h
Xhpw apnamKambn IcpXpp. AXn\m
hmaamKnIsftmseXs ssihcpw {`m
cmWv. Chcn I^tS, \mY, Kncn, ]pcn,
h\w, BcWyw, ]hXw, kmKcw, Krl
Fns\ ]e hn`mKfpv. Nne cph
n bnepw Imhv k cn p hcmWv .
AXmbXv Nne ssihaXhpw hmaamKhpw
kzoIcnpp. Nne sshjWhcpw IqSnbm
Wv. AhcpsS kzcq]anXmWv. Aximm
_lnsshmx k`mat[y N sshjvWhmx
\m\mcq][cmx Iuemx hnNcnaloXte (X
{tmIw)
181
AIta im AYhm hma amKn I,
]pdta ssih, AYhm cp{Zm `kvamZnI
[cnph, k`bn sshjvWh AXmbXv
X hnjvWphns D]mkIcmsWp ]d
bpI. Cs\ hnhn[ cq]fn hmaamKn
I temIn hnlcnpp.
sshjvWhaX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: sshjvWh \hct?
Dcw: Fp\Xv? AhsctmsebmWv
Ch cpw, sshjv W h cpsS eoem hn em k
t\mq!hnjv Wp hns ZmkcmWv X sfv
kzbw A`nam\npp. Ahcn {iosshjvW
h AYhm N{ImnX apnb IqcmsW
hImisSpp. AXnsemnepw Imcyan.
tNmZyw: FpsImv Imcyan? Imcy
apv. t\mq s\nbn \mcmbWs Nc
Wm c hn n\p Xpey amb Xne I ap v .
AXns a[yn atcJbpXv {iobm
Wv. AXn\m Rsf {iosshjvWhscp
hnfnpp. \mcmbWs\bmsX amscbpw
R hniz kn p n . inh enMv Kw
R ZinpIt]mepw C. RfpsS
s\nbn D {io (evan) AXpsImv
enpsaXmWv. ImcWw, R Be
amcmZn
182
kvtXm{X sNmpp. \mcm
bWs\ a{]qw ]qPnpp. ]nsp
sImv R \hc?
Dcw: \nfpsS Cu XneIw lcn]mZm
IrXnbp Xm sWpw a hc ev an bm
sWpw ]d bp Xp shdptXbm Wv . Fs
m AXp ssIsImpmnbXpw s\n
bnse hcbpamWv. B\bpsS akvXIw Ae
cnpXp
183
t]mse, \nfpsS s\nbn
hnjv Wp ]m Z ns Nnw F s\ hp?
Bcm\pw sshIpWvTpt]mbn hnjvWp]mZw
s\nbn NpnIpnpsImp hpthm?
hnthIn: {io. PUtam tNX\tam?
sshjvWh: tNX\w.
hnthIn: Fn Cu tcJ PUambXn\m
"{io"b {io Dm n b XmtWm Atbm
Fp Rm tNmZn p p . Dm n b
Xsn, CXp {iob Fs m Znh
khpw CXv \n ssIsImpmpXm
Wv. AXn\m {iobmhm hgnbn. eemS
n {iobm Wp sX n Zpap J cmb
Htsd sshjv Wh cp m Im Imc W sa
mWv ? s\n bn ev an! hoSp tXmcpw
sX tPmen! [npSnp hbdp
\ndv Npnncnbepw! s\nbn {iobpambn
almZmcn{Zyw ImWnpXv \necptSbpw
hophnNmcanmhcptSbpw ]WnbmWv.
ChnSbn ]cnIme Fpt]cmb Hcp
sshjvWh ` Dmbncpp. Abm If
hpw, sImbpw, NXnhpw h\bpambn ]c
182. BeamcsaXv GtXm Xangv AYhm sXepv
kvXpXnbmWv.
183. Dc`mcXnepw apw tIcfnteXpt]mse
kpcamb s\nw C. ]Icw hnhn[ Nmb
sImv Nn{XWw sNbvXmWv B\sb Hcpp
Xv.
274
[\w Ihv sshjvWhp sImSpv kwXr
]vX\mbnsmncpp. Hcp Znhkw Abmv
Ifhp apX Hpw Innbn. hymIpe\mbn
Npnncnbth Xs ` ZpxJnX\mbncn
p p Fv \mcm b W Adn p. Hcp
tkns thj sa Spv B` c W f Wn v
cY n Ibdn {]Xy \mbn. ]cn Im e
ASpp sNv ""Fmw thKw FSppXtm,
As n sImp I fbpw Fp ]d p.
Fmw FSpp sImSp p Xn \n S bn
tamXncw Ducm Aev]w sshIn. ]cnIme
\mcmbWs hnc apdnv tamXncw FSpp.
kpjvS\mb hnjvWp Xs NXp`pP icocw
Dmn Zi\w \ev In. Fnp ] dp:
""\o Fs {]nb`. Ih [\w apgph
sshjvWhp \evIpp. \o tIaXs''.
]cn Im e B B` c W sfmw sshj
Whp sImSpp.
Hcn [\hm\mb Hcp tkv ]cnImes\
`rXy \mn. I en Ibn Zqsc tZ ip
sImpt]mbn. AhnsS\nv Ien ASbv
Ibn. ]cnIme Hcp ASbv ]nfv Hcp
]IpXnsbSpv tkn\p sImSpp. "Fs Cu
]IpXn ASbv I en CSp I. Fnv
]IpXn ASbv ]cnImes hIbmbn Ien
epv FsgpXncpI'. Fp ]dp.' \o
thW sa n Bbncw FSp p sIm pI
Fmbn tkv, ""Rm A[anb. I\pa
. F\nss ]IpXn ASbv aXn'' Fp
]cnIme ]dp. ]mhamWv, ip. Ahs
CjvSw \Ss Fp IcpXn tkv FgpXn
smSpp. kztZip I XpdapJ
Spv ASbv Cdphm Xbmdmbn. Atm
]cn Ime ]dp: ""Fs hI ]IpXn
ASbv Xc Ww.'' tkv ]IpXn ASbv
FSpp sImSpp. ]cnIme _lfapm
n. I en ]Ip Xn ]mv Ft Xm sWv
hmZnp. tIkv cmPmhns kansen.
]cnIme tkns Fgpv lmPcmn. I
ense ""]Ip Xn mv '' ]cn Im e t Xm sWv
AXn Fgp Xn bn cp p . tkv hfsc
hmZnsnepw êapmbn. Iense ]Ip
Xnmv Abmv Inn. AXv sshjvWhv
Abm hoXn p sIm Sp p. sshjv W h
hfsc kpjvScmbn. Ctm Cu Is,
sImm ]cn Im es hn{Klw t{X
fn {]XnjvTnpp.
Cu IY "àmebnteXmWv". sshjvW
hcpw AhcpsS `rXycpw. \mcmbW\pw sIm
kwLat Fv _pnamm BtemNnpt\m
s. aXaXmcfn Hsms \bpm
Imsanepw Ahbnencpv Xopw \hcm
Ip hm km[y a . Ctm sshjv W h
cns D ]e hn`m Km shtsd
XneI ameI [cnp t]mcpp. cmam\n
I Ccphipw tKm]oN\hpw a[yn
Nph hcbpw, \oamhXm I\w Ipd
hcbpw \Spv Idps]mpw, am[h Idp
h cbpw, KuU _w Km fn I ITm cn t]m ep
Ipdnbpw cma {] km Zn I N{ e t]m ep
cp h c Ip at[y Hcp shfp s]mpw
Fns\ ]e XcnemWv XneI [mcWw.
ChcpsS hymJym\hpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIam
Wv . cmam \ n I, Nphhc ev an bpsS
Nn am Wv . \mcm b Ws lrZ b n se
{iobmWv, {ioIrjvWlrZbnse cm[bmWv
Fsmw ]dbpp.
àmebn Hcp IYbpv. Hcph hr
phn InSpdpIbmbncpp. Ddn
Abm acnp t]m bn. apI fn en cp Im
Imjv Sn p. AXv s\nbn XneIw t]mse
hoWp. baZqXm AhnsShp. hnjvWpZq
Xmcpw hp. cpIqcpw Xn hgmbn.
RfpsS bPam\s B{]Imcw batem
IpsImpt]mIpsav baZqX ]dp.
RfpsS bPam\ sshIpWvTp sImp
sNm Bm]nncnpp. t\mq Cbm
fpsS s\nbn hnjvWp XneIapv. \n
Fs\ sImpt]mIpw? Fmbn hnjvWp
ZqX m. ba Zq X CXv tIv aS n tm bn.
hnjvWpZqX sshIpWvTn sImpt]m
bn. Abmsf \mcm b W sshIp Wv T n
]mnp.
AI kv amXv hoWp In nb Xne I n\v
CXmWv amlm y sa n Adn p sImv
XneIaWnm \cIw hnp sshIpWv Tw
{]m]nmsaXn FmWv kwibw! sNdn
sbmcp XneIaWnm sshIpWvTn
t]mImsan apJw apgph IdpnpItbm
te]\w sNbv Itbm icocw ap gp h
275
]qipItbm sNbvXm sshIpWvTn\papdw
Fm Ign bp Xt FmWv \psS
tNmZyw. CsXmw shdp hyamWv.
JmJnI
JmJnI FsmcpIqw `kva[mcnIfpv.
Ch Iu]o\n\p ]Icw Hcp acjWw
[cnv s\cntmSpw ]pIv PS hfn, kn
thjw sIpp. sImns\tmse [ym\np
p. Imhpw, Iv, Nckv apXembhbpw D]
tbmKnv Ip Nphnv \Sp FmhtcmSpw
Hmtcm Dcpf tNmdphmnbpw, tKmXps]m
Sn, ]Ww apX em bh Ccpw Krl cpsS
asf PmS Ibn hioIcnv injycmnbpw
Ignbpp. Chcn `qcn]hpw Iqenthem
cm Wv . Bsc nepw ]Tn m XpSnbm
Ch hnepp.
]TnXhyw XZ]n ahyw, Z ISm ItSXn
Inw Ihyav? k\ymknam Fn\p hnZy
A`yknpp. ]Tnmepw Hcn acnpw.
shdpsX hmbm Sp Xpw ]p dp ap Xpw
Fn\v? \mep]mSpw XomS\w, kw\ymkn
Isf ip{iq jn , cma ` P\w sNbv I Ch
[mcmfw! AhnZymaqnbpsS Zi\w Ignn
nmh JmJnPnsb Zinm aXn. Ch
cpsSbSpv Bcp sNmepw tamt\ tamtf
Fp hnfnpw. Ah JmJnPnbpsS Atbm
At\m Xpeycmbmepw icn As\tb hnfn
q.
JmJnsbtmse, cpwJSv, kqwJUv, tKmZ
Untb, PamXvhmte, kpXtckmbo, AImen,
I\v^tS, tPmKn, HuLS
184
apXemb Iqcpap
v. Fmw Hns\mp saw Xs.
Hcp JmJnbpsS injy {ioKtWimb \ax
Fp cn p sImv InW n\nv shw
tImcm t]mbn. AhnsS Ccp Hcp ]WvUn
X {ioKtWkmP \taw Fv DcnpXp
tIv AbmtfmSp ]dp: ""kmt[m! \ns
DmcWw sXmWv. {io KtWimb \ax Fv
Dcnv''. AbmfpSs\ shw \ndpsImv
Kpcphns ASppsNp ]dp: "Hctmn
Rm\pcnnWXv AkpamsWv AhnSn
cpp ]tdWp'. tIXpw JmJn Fgpt\v InW
dn\Spp sNp. ]WvUnXt\mSp Ibp.
""FtSm Xm! Fs injys\ hgn sX n
ptm? \o Kpcphns ew
185
]Tnnp
tm? \n\v Hcp ]mTta Adnbmhq. F\nv
aqsadnbmw tItm. {koKt\kmPtaw.
{koKt\kmbtaw. {koKtWkmb\taw.
]WvUnX: tImepw kw\ymko, hnZym
`ymkw ITn\amWv. ]TnmsX Hpw Adnhm
In.
JmJn: Xm t]mtSm. R Fm hnZzm
mscbpw Acp IpSnnpv. Imhnecv
H h env . kw\ym kn am cpsS t]msmp
thsd. Xttmep amscdnbpp!
]Wv UnX: t\mq! \nv hnZym
`ymkw Dsn Fn\mWv, A]i_vZ
DcnpXv \nv Fmw Adnbmatm?
JmJn: At! Xm \sS Kpcphm I
bmtWm? Xs D]tZiw R tIn.
]Wv Un X: Fn \p tIWw!
_pntb C. D]tZiw tIm\pw {Kln
m\pw AdnhpthWw.
JmJn: Fm thZimkv{Xfpw ]Tnnpw
kw\ymknsb _lpam\nmh Hpw ]Tn
mh\v kaamWv.
]WvUnX: Bhmw. R kw\ymkn
amv tkh\w sNmdpv. ]t, \ntf
tmep Ipmanmsc _lpam\nmdn
. Fstm? kw\ym kn sb hmn\v ,
k\w, hnZzm, [manI, ]tcm]Imcn, apX
embhscmwIqSntN ]pcp j Fm
Ww.
JmJn: t\mv. R cm]I \cm
Wv . s\cn tm Sn Xo Imbp p. Imhpw
Nckpw apw Iqn \qpIWn\v ]pIsbSpp
p. apqptIm IpIpSnpp. ]mjmW
sSnbpsSbpw
186
IdppsNSnbpsSbpw Cedn
184. bYm{IawacXpey DWacXpey, NmpSpp
h, kJy saen kw\ymknI, A\izc
(knpIm) ImXpXpfb, ahkv {Xm, hrn
bnmh. (184184 hscbp ]ZfpsS kmam\y
XPa)
185. {Kw
186. Bgvsk\nIv
187. sImSnev XosbSpm\p D]IcWw.
276
Iqpq. elcnbn cm shfpnpp. temI
sasv Adnbptbn. `nbmWv DuWn\v
Snv. cmhp apgph Npa. ASppInSpdp
h\pw Dd an m Xm pw. C s\ m ap
knnIfpw kw\ymknhpw Rpv.
]ns Xms\n\v Rf \nn p p?
sImcpXmtmmsc! \s D]{Zhnp
hsc \ `kvaamnIfbpw.
]Wv Un X: CsXmw aqV m cp sSbpw,
sImcpXmhcpsSbpw kw\ykvXcm
hcptSbpw ImcyamWv. \hcptSX. tItm
fq. ""km[v t\mXn ]cm Wn, [a Im cym Wn,
kkm[px'' [a bp amb Da Imcyw
sNp, kZm ]tcm]Imc \ncX\mb, ZpKp
Wanm hnZzm\pw ktXym]tZjvSmhpw, D]
Imcnbpamb BfmWv kw\ymkn.
JmJn: Xmt]m tSm. \o kw\ym knsb
Fdnp? kw\ymknbpsS t]mp thsd.
`bsSpcpXv. Cu sImSnep
187
sImv Xcp
samv. Xebpw s]mpw.
]Wv UnX: icnbmWv JmJo. Xs
hgnp t]mIq. \tmSp Ibt. Cu cmPy
tasXv Adnbmtam? Bscnepw sImm
]nSnIqSpw, ASnInpw. Asn h[inIn
pw. ]nsp sNpw? CsXmpw kw\ymkn
bpsS eWa.
JmJn: FSm ]nttc! \n Cv Fp
IWnbmWv ImWnXv?
]WvUnX: \n Hcnepw \ alm
mfpsS injy\mbnn. Asn C{X
henb hnUvVnbmIpambncpn.
JmJn: \mwXs almmhmWv. asmcp
almmhns kmnth.
]WvUnX: `mKytZmjnIfpsS _pnbpw,
Zpc`nam\hpamWv \nfptSXv. Fv sNmw!
JmJn kzm\ tpw ]Wv Un X hon
tepw t]mbn.
hb JmJnbpw injy\pw
kybvp Zo]mcm[\ Ignv `kva[mcn
I sfmw, hr \mb JmJn _[n c \m Wtm
Fp IcpXn kmmwKw, kmmwKw Fns\
]dv kmvSmwKw \akvIcnv Nppancpp.
JmJn tNmZyamcw`np.
""FSm cmaZmkntb \o Fp ]Snp?''
""alm cmPv Rm t_kv \p k l k cv \maw
]Tnp''
""FSm tKmhnZmkntb \o Fp ]Tnp?''
"" Rm cmakXhcmPw ]Tnp''.
cmaZmk tNmZnp. ""Asp ]Tnp?''
""Rm KoX ]Tnp''
""AcpSSpv?''
JmJn: t]mSm sNdpm, Rm\mtcbpw Kpcp
hmmdn. t\mv, \mw ]cmKbn ({]bmK)
Xmaknmv. \av Acwt]mepw Adnhn
mv. GtXepw Xmdp]mnb ]WvUnns\
ImWptm Cu hfcns t]scm
Wv. AsamWv. As\ tNmZnv tNmZnv
]Xns\Xymbw KoX ImWmsX ]Snp. Bcpw
KpcphnmsX.
C{]Imcap m\i{Xp AhnZym`
h\n Xs ]mnbnsnet Ap
Xapq! Ch elcnbnmsX {]acmImsX
hgpmmsX Ccnn. Xo\pw IqSnbpw
aWnbSnbpw, iwJpw, s\cntmSp In
epw, NpnbSnepw AmsX bmsXmcp \
Im cyhpw sNm td bn . ITn \ ine Dcp m
\mm\pw Igntpw. ]t Cu JmJn
Isf Bt_m[aphcmm hnjaamWv.
Fs m iq{ZhWns Iqen
mcpw, Irjnmcpw, IrjnWnmcpw, shw
tImcp hcpw Ah cpsS tPmen bp t] nv
`kvaw ]qin sshcmKnI BhpIbmWv sNp
Xv . hn Zy, kwKw, Fn htbn
Ahdnhn . Ch cn \mY k { Zm bn I
"\ax inhmb' Fpw `kvate]nI "\rknw
lmb\ax' Fpw cmamhXmcm "{iocmaN
{mb\ax' AYhm "{io koXmcmam`ymw\ax'
Fpw, IrjvtWm]mkI "{iocm[m IrjvWm
`ymw\ax' AYhm "\tam`KhtX hmkptZhmb'
188. ]ucmWnIcmb kw\ymknI ssIhiw hbvp
IaWv UephmWv Xqw_. AXn GXpshw kqn
mepw shw ipamIpw. kmcnIfmb kw\ym
knam ipPew e`nphm kzoIcnncp eLp
amKambncpp CXv . Cs kw\ymknam kqn
p kap{Zêtam, temltam sImp IaWv U
eph, t]pcbvmtmSmWnXv. Cu tmIw cma
kvt\lo[a{]Imiw, cma]Senepv.
277
Fpw _wKmfnI "tKmhnmb\ax' Fp
ap a{fmWv sNhnbn P]npsImSpp
Xv . CXp Ign m Ah injy cm bn.
]noSv ]dbpw: Ipt! Xpa{w sNmv.
Pew ]hnXcw, ew ]hnXcw InWdp
]hnXcw inh ]dbs tItms ]mXn
Xqw_m]hnXcw.
188
C s\ sbmw ]d bp h hnZzm mtcm
temIn\p]ImcnItfm BIptam? `kva[m
cnI cm]I s\cntmtSm Bgntbm Iqn
hndsIcnp Ifbpp. Hcp amkw Ch sNe
hgnp hndIn\p ]Icw Infntbm atm
hmn D]tbmKnm \qdnsemcp`mKw ]Ww
sImv kpJ ambn Ign bmw. Cu _pn
Ahs hnsS \np Inm \mWv ? Bgn p
Nppw CcnpXpsImv NqSpImbpXp
sImv Ch X]kznIsf t]cp [mcWw
sNbvXncnpp. Fn Impa\pjy Ch
tcm X]kznIfmbncnpw! kwiban. PS
hv, `kvaw [cnv, XneIw [cnv, X]kznIfm
Im\mhpsan BsmWmIm Ignbm
Xv? Ch ]pdta XymKnIfpw AIta t`mKn
IfpamWv.
I_o ]nI
tNmZyw: I_o ]nI \hct?
Dcw: A.
tNmZyw: Fp sIm ? Ah hn{K
lmcm[\mhntcm[nIfmWv. I_o ]pjv]
fn \npmbn. HSpw ]pjv]amhpIbpw
sNbv Xp. {_m hnjv Wp atl iz c mp
app Xs I_o Dmbncpp. thZ]pcm
Wpt]mepw Adnhnm Imcyfdn
bmhp almkn\mbncpp Atlw. kXy
ns hgn ImWnXv Atlw am{XamWv. Ch
cpsS a{ "kXy\maw I_o' apXemb
hbmWv .
Dcw: Ipw apw shSn v , In,
Itkc, XebnW saXnbSn, Zo]w apXemb
hsb ]qPnpXv Hpw hyXykvXa. I_o
Hcp hmbncptm? AtXm samtm? F
s\ bmWv Atlw ]qhn \np m bXpw
]qhmbnoXpw? CXpicnsbn C\n ]d
bp Xpw t\cm tb mw. Imin bn semcp
s\bvpImc\pmbncpp. Abmv Ipn
Ifnmbncpp. Hcp Znhkw shfpn\v DuSph
gntb \Sptm Hcp ]pjv]qSbn Ap
cm{Xn P\n Hcp Ipnsb Ip. AXns\
FSpv Xs `mcybvv sImSpp. Ah B
Ipnsb hfn. Ipn {]mb am b tm
s\bvp tPmen sNbvXp hp. ]noSv Hcp
]WvUnXs ASpv sNv kwkvIrXw ]Tn
m\mhiystm "\mw s\bvpImsc ]Tn
n m dn' Fv ]dv A] am \n p hn p.
hopw ]etcbpw kao]np. Bcpw ]Tnnn
. HSphn X\np tXmnb `mjbn hnZym
`ymkanmhsc Hmtcmpw ]Tnnphm\mw
cw`np. Xw_pcp aon ]mSpIbpw `P\I Be
]nbpw sNbvXp. hntijnpw ]WvUnXm
tcbpw thZimkv{Xtfbpw \nnp t]mp.
Nne aqVm CubmfpsS hebns]p acn
tm Nne tNv Ctls kn\m
n. Pohn n cns injyzw kzoI cn h
]noSv aphsc ]Tnnp t]mp.
sNhn b Sp ]nSn m tIp i_v Z
n\v Ch "A\ lX' i_v Z sav t]cn p.
at\m hr nv "kpcXn' Fp ]d bp p.
CXns\ i_vZw tIpXn DdnWw.
AXn\v k[ym\sapw Cuizc[ym\sapw
]dbpp. AhnsS Ime\pt]mepw kao]nm
\m hn . Ip ns BIr Xn bn ep Xne
Ihpw N\amebpw [cnpp. Cu amKw
Btm Xntbm mt\m Xntbm Dm
Iptam Fp NnnpI. CsXmw shdpw Ipn
fnI Xs.
knpaX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: ]m_n Kpcp\m\mv Hcp aXw
{]N cn n p. Atlw hn{K lm cm [ \sb
FXnp. apkam m cm hp Xn \nv
cn p. Atlw kw\ym kn bm bn , Krl
m{iaw XpSp. Atlns Bibw
\ Xm bn cp sv Cu at{m ] tZ i n
\nv shfnhmIpw:
""Hmw kXy\ma Icvm ]pcpjv \ncvt`m
\ncvsshcv AImeaqcvv AtPm\n kl`w
Kpcp {] kmZv P]v . BZn k Nv , PqKm Zn k Nv ,
sslò kNv, \m\Iv tlmkoò kNv''
189
189. P]vPn, ]uUn 1
278
"Hmw FXv BcpsS kXy\maamtWm B
Imhmb ]pcpj \n`b\pw, sshccln
X \pw, AIm e aqn AYhm Ime _
nepw P _ nepw hcm h \p a t{X.
KpcpIr]bm Ahs \maw P]npI. B
]cammhv BZnbn kXyw, bpKfpsS BZn
bn kXyw, ham\n kXyw, `mhn
bnepw kXyw Xs.
Dcw: Kpcp\m\mns Bibw \Xm
bncpp. ]t Hpw hnZzm\mbncpp. B
{]tZis {Kmafnse `mj am{Xw Adnbm
ambncpp. thZmZn imkv{Xtfm kwkvIr
Xtam Adnbmambncpn. Adnbmambncps
n "\n`b' FXn\v "\nt`m' FsgpXp
sXs\?
CXn \p Zm l cWw Atlw Fgp Xn b
kwkvIrXnkvtXm{XamWv. kwkvIrXnepw
\nebpdnWsav B{Klw Dmbncpp.
Fm, ]TnmsXs\ kwkvIrXw hi
amIpw? Hcnepw kwkvIrXw tInpt]mep
anm B {KmaoWnSbn kwkvIrXn
kv tXm{X sa gpXn ]Wv Un X \m bn m Wpw.
kzw am\w \ne\npXn\pw JymXnpw
B{Klanmbncpsn Cs\ sNpIbn
mbncpp. Xs AwKoIcnWsatlw
B{Klnncpp. Asn X\ndnbmambn
cp `mjtb {]tbmKnpambncppq. Xm
kwkvIrXw ]Tnnnspw ]dbpambncpp.
Zpc`nam\w kzev]w DmbncppAXn\\pk
cnv Ionpw AwKo I cm n\pw thn
Aev]w Uw`pw ImWnncpp. Atlns
{K n Ap anpw thZ \n bpw thZ
kvXpXnbpw ImWmw. As\ FgpXnbns
n Bsc nepw thZmw tNmZn pw.
Dcw AdnpIqsSn AwKoImcw \jvS
s Spw. AXn \m t\ct Xs kzw
injymtcmSp Nnetm thZn\p hncp
ambpw Nne tm thZ n \ \p Iq e ambpw
]dp t]mp. DZmlcWn\v thZv ]VXv
{_m atc, Nmtdmw thZv Ilm\n. kv In
alnam thZv \ Pm\o. \m\mIv {_m\o
B]v ]ctaizcv,
190
(thZw ]Tnv {_mhv acn
p. \mep thZhpw IY, kns alna thZa
dnbpn, \m\mIv {_m\nbmb Cuiz
c\mWv.) thZw ]Tnh acnsn \m\mIv,
acWanmh\mWv Xms\v [cnncptm?
Atlhpw acnnt? thZw Fm kXyhnZy
IfptSbpw `WvUmcamWv. \mep thZfpw IY
bmsWp]dbphcpsS hmpIsfmw IY
bmWv. kv Fp ]dbp aqVmcmb ]mh
v thZfpsS alna Hcnepw Adnhm
IpIbn. Kpcp\m\mIv thZsf am{Xw kzoI
cnncpsn Atlns aXk{Zmbw
{]NcnpIbnmbncpp. Atln\p Kpcp
hmIm\pw Ignbpambncpn. kwkvIrXhnZy
A`yknmsX aphsc ]Tnnv Fs\
injycmm\mWv !
Kpcp\m \mIv P\n Imev ]m_v
Xop w kwkv Ir X hn Zym hn lo \hp w
apkam m cm ]oUn X hp am bn cp s Xv
t\cmWv. Atlw Iptdtsc cnp.
191
Kpcp\m\mns Imev Atln\v hfsc
injymtcm kzw aXn\v {]Nmctam Dm
bn. hnZzmmcmhsc acnpIgnm
knmcmp k{ZmbamWtm DXv. ac
W ti j amWv At l ns\ Cuizc Xpey
\mn _lpam\nXv. Kpcp\m\mv henb [\
hm \m bn cp n . Fm injy m At
ls henb kn\pw {]Xm]nbpw sFizcy
imenbpamn "\m\Iv Nt{mZbw' "PimJn'
apX emb {K fn Nn{Xo I cn n p v .
\m\mIv {_mhns\ Iv hfsc kw`mjWw
\Sn, Fm tZhmcpw Atls _lp
am\np. Atlns hnhmln\v hfsc
tbsd B\ I fpw, cY fpw, IpXnc I fpw,
kzw shn, apv ]hngw, apXembhbm
hn`qjnXambn hp, AaqeycXv\vA
hpw AdpXnbpanmbncpp Fsmw Fgp
Xn n Sn n n p v . CsXms ]pfp h s n
]nsmWv? CsXmw injymcpsS ]Wn
190. kzev]w hymXymktfmsS, Bkm 1.10 cmPXnewKw
1.1., kpJva\o ]uUn 78, 86 Fnhbn Ch
\mepw ImWmw.
191. aXw amdpXn\nv cnsYw.
192. knpImcnse kpYtc imlv Fbmfns A\p
bmbnI
193. ]pccWw HcpXcw ]qPbmWv. GsXnepw tZh
XbpsS a{w Dcnv tlmaw \Spp. henb
in B tZhX \Ipsav hnizmkw. ChnsS
ZpKbmbncpp tZhX.
279
bmWv. Kpcp\m\mns Ipa. ]noSv Ct
lns ]p{X DZmkn Fpw KpcpcmaZmkv
apXembh "\nem' Fpw cp hn`mK
fpmn. ap Kpcpm B[n]Xynen
cns {K sf gpXn aqe {K tmSp
tNp. Chcn ]ma\mWv KpcptKmhn
knw l. At l n\p tijw {K n
Iqn t ep m bn . Ap h tc bv p
sNdp]pkvXIsfmw Iqntv H {K
amn. \m\mn\p tijapmb Kpcpm
]pcmWIYItftmse At\Iw IYIsfgpXn
Atlns {Kn tNp Fp ]d
p htm? Fm "{_ m\n Cuiz
c\m'sW knmw Chv henb Ipg
fpmn. Kpcp\m\mv henb {]m[m\yw
sImSp ssZhnIamb Awi Ah Ah
KWnp. \m\mns ]mccyw amanmsX
XpSncpsn \mbncptt\. Ctm
Xtfhpw apnbhcmsWv DZmknIfpw
AXp t]mse \n ecpw Ah Im i s Sth
AImenIfpw kpXtclkmbn
192
Ifpw AtX
AhImihmZw Dbnpp.
Cu Kpcpmcn tKmhnknwl Akm
[mcW [oc\mbncpp. Atlns apKm
anI apkvfofpsS sImSpw ]oU\v
Cc bm bn cp p. AXn\p {]Xn Imcw sNm
Atlw Cn p. Fm At l ns
] Bhiyamb kma{KnIsfmpw Cmbn
cpp. apK B[n]Xyw AXns Dmh
bn FpIbmbncpp. Atlw Hcp ]pc
cWw
193
\S n. AXns kam ]v Xn bn
Cs\ {]Jym]np: ""F\nv tZhn {]Xy
bmbn hchpw hmfpw \In bn cn p p.
apkammtcmSv bpw sNm Bm]n
bpw hnPbw DdmsWv A\p{Klnbpw
sNbv Xncnpp''. hfsct Atls
IqsStp. hmaamKnI ]aImcfpw,
N{ImnX ]kwkvmcfpw \Snemn
b Xp t]mse Atlw "] I Imc' \S
mn. Ch bpn\p]Icnpp. 1. tIiw
XeapSn \on hfpI. CXv hmfn \npw
hSnbn \npw Ipdp c \Ipp. 2. I
Ww hf. CXv Xebvpw ssIbvpw Hp kwc
Ww \evIpp. 3. Im. (\n) apn\v apI
fn DSp p sI p Cu hkv {X hn tijw
HmSm\pw NmSm\pw kuIcyw \evIpp. KpkvXn
mcpw, \Smcpw CXpSppp. icocns
a m\w kwc n m\pw Bbm k an
msX \om\pw CXp sImmw. 4. Im. (No
v) XeapSn NoInshbvm\p]Icnpp. 5.
ImNq As n Ir]m Ww. (I Tmc apX
hm hsc) CXpw bp n\p sImmw.
CsXmw B Imetbvp thn KpcptKm
hn kn w l kz _p n bp ] tbm Kn v \
SmnbXmWv. Cv ChsImv {]tbmP\
sampan. bpn\pthn Ap {]bp
ambh Cv aXns `mKambn amdnbncnp
p.
Ch hn{Klmcm[\ \Spnsnepw,
AXn\p ]Icw {K\vY]qP \Sppv. AtN
X\amb GXnssbnepw ap]n XeIp\n
pXpw, AXns\ ]qPnpXpsamw hn{K
lmcm[\XsbmWv. hn{Klmcm[I `n
hSw \Sn hbdp ]ngbvpXpt]mse
Cqcpw sNpp. ]qPmcnI Zi\w \S
n p Ibpw hgn ]m Sp I Ign n p Ibpw
sNp Xp t]mse \m\Iv k{ Zm b m
{K]qP \SpIbpw hgn]mSpI Ignnp
Ibpw sNpp. hn{Klmcm[I thZs BZ
cnp{Xbpw Cq BZcnpn. Ch
thZ Inpan tInpan Fp ]dbm
hp Xm Wv . Fp sNmw. ImWp Itbm
tIpItbm sNm CShcp, \n_
_p nbpw Zpcm {K ln bp a m _pn am m
cmb GXp k{Zmbmcpw thZaXw kzoIcn
p I Xs sNpw. Ch ` W kw _ n
bmb Htsd A\mNmc CmXmnbnp
v. AXpt]mse hnjbmknbpw Zpc`nam
\hpw XyPnv thZ a Xs t]mjn n m
\m bn cn pw.
ZmZq]n JWvU\w
tNmZyw: ZmZq]naXw \Xt?
Dcw: \Xv thZamamWv. kzoIcnm
\mhpsan kzoIcnpI. Asn kZm
194. t]Pv 4413mw hcn apX D JWvUnI t\mp
I.
195. cmPm\nse DZb]q cmPynse Hcp kma
cm Py n s Xe m\w òhmU F
sdbnthtj\v 56 In.ao. Ingv.
280
sXmb amn s]pt]mIpw. ZmZq P\n
Xv Kp P dmn emWv . ]n oSv Pb ]q
cn\Spp Btacn ]mp. Fh
S am bn cpp tPmen. Cuiz c kr jv Sn bnse
hnNn{X eoeIfn HmWv ZmZqPnsb ]qPn
m \m cw `n Xv . Ct l ns injy m
thZmZn imkv {X fn ]d n p sXmw
shSnv "ZmZqdmw, ZmZqdmw' P]n am{Xw
apn Ispp. ktXym]tZiIcnmsX
hcp tm Ccw A hn izm k fp m
Ipw.
194
cmakvt\ln aXw.
Ipdp Imew ap]v cmakvt\ln Fsmcp
aXw imlv ]pc
195
bn P sa Sp p. Ah
thtZmamb [sfmw shSnv "cma
cma' P]npXp Xs t{ijvTsapw AXn
emWv m\ [ym\apnIsfpw hnizkn
pp. ]t hniptm cma\man
\np DuWv e`n p I bn . `y t] b
KrlcpsS ] \nt Inq. Ahcpw hn{K
lmcm[\sb FXnpp. Fm Hmtcmcp
cpw kzbw hn{KlfmhpIbmWv. Cq
kZm kv{XoIfpambmWv kmcw. Fsm
cma\v "cman' Csn B\e_v[nbn. cma
kv t\lnaXsn Nne hnhcsfgpXmw.
kvZmkvPn FgpXnb, cmakvt\lnIfpsS Hcp
{Kn C{]Imcw FgpXnbncnpp.
""`cav tcmKv k_vlo anSym, cSym \ncRvP\v
cmC, X_v Pav ImImKPv ^Sym ISym
IcvavX_v PmC (\ncRvP\ cma\maw P]n
tm Am \w {àw \in p. Atm
bas \nba]miw s]mn, I_hpw Ap
t]mbn) "cma cma' Fp P]nm {àwA
m\wAIeptamsbpw ]m]n\p X
insb ba\oXnbpw, sNbvX In
\np hnSpXepw e`nptamsbpw _pnam
m Nnn s CsXmw a\p jys\ ]m]
n IpSppXn\pw a\pjyPw \jvSam
pXn\pta sImmhq. ChcpsS apJyKpcp
hmbncpp cmavNc. Atlns hmp
I:
alam \mwh {]Xm]vIo kpWu kcaWv
NnXv emC. cmaNcWv ck\m cSu {Iav kIev
QSv PmC. Pn\v Pn\v kpacym \mwhv Iqw
tkmk_v DXcym ]mcv. cmavNc tPm hok
cym, tkmlo Pav tI Zzmcv. cmavhn\m k_v
QpTv _Xmtbm. cmav `PXv OqSym k_v{Im
Nv Acp kqcv tZC ]c I m. cmav tlw
Xn\Iqw ss`\mlnw Xo\v temIvtaw IocXn
Kmlow. cmav cSXv Pav tPm \ emssK. cmav
cmav enJv ] Xcm bn. `KXn tlmXn
HuXmcv ln [cvln DuwNv \oN Ipet`Z hnNm
ssc, tkmtXm P\a B] tWm lmssc
kwkmw ssI Ipev Zossk \mlow, cma cma
Ilv cmav kw lmavlow. sFtkm IpW tPm
IocvXn Kmssh lcnlcnP\ Iu ]mc \ ]m
ssh cma kwXmw Im A \ Bssh B]v
B]vIo _pn ka Kmssh.
""\maw P]npXns {]tbmP\w {i
tbmsS tIpI. cmaNcW \mhv \ntfm
sSmw P]npp. AXv Ign Isf
sbmw CmXmpw. P]nhscmw Asc
ISp. adhscmw bas kn[nbntepw
B\bnsp. cma\msXmw anYybm
Wv. Fm Ifpw cmakvacWbn \in
p p. kqcy N{ m P] m c\p Nppw
{àWw sNpp. cmas\p ]dbph\v `bw
hcn. {XntemIfpw Ahs\ Ionp
p. \n cmas\p P]nq. temIw, Hcp
Nppw sNpIbn. cma cma FsgpXnb
Iv Pen s]mnnSpw. cma AhX
cnXv kz`kwcWn\mWv. D\oN
Xz Nnnp IpSpw_t`Zw Nnnp
B Ahs Pw apSnpp. kw\ymknIsf
kw_nv IpSpw_w A{]kw. Ah cma
cma Fp P]npIbpw cma\n ebnpIbpw
sNpp. Bpw cma\ma alXzw apgph
{]ISnnm\mhn. lcnbpsS alXzw Af
m\mhn. cma ]dbpp kpfpsS
in AaXmWv . Hmtcmcpcpw Ah\
hs insmv ]mSpp.
cmaNcWs ]pkvXIw t\mptm a\
nemmhp ImcyamWv, Cu a\pjy Hcp
km[mcW {KmaoW\mbncpp FXv. ]Tnn
mbm. Asn Cs\sbmsbp
Akw _w Fgp Xn n Sn np ambn cptm?
cma cma Fp ]d bp Xp sImv I
196. tJUm]m cmakvt\lnIfpsS tI{amWv. cmPm
\nse \mKuPnbnse Hcp km[mcW {Kmaam
WnXv.
281
n\nv apcmImsap ]dbpXv shdpw
{àamWv. CXv Xtbpw aphcpsSbpw Pw
]mgm mt\ sImm hq. ba `bw alm `bw
Xssbnepw, cm]I cma cma Fp P]n
psImncpmepw, Im, sImm,
hym{Lw, kw, tX, sImXpIv apXembh
tbm Sp `bw hnp t]m Ip n . ic,
ic Fp ] d m a[p cn m Xp
t]mse kXy`mjWw apXembh sNmsX
cma cma Fp P]n p Xp sImv Hpw
t\Sm\mIpn. cma cma Fp ]dbpXv
cma tIp nsn PohnXw apgp h
As\ ]dmepw cma tIpIbn.
AYhm tIm ]noSv hnfnpXpw hyY
amWv. Ch hbnngn\p thnbpw A\y
cpsS Pw ]mgmnIfbpXn\p thnbpw
Dmnh Alo\amb GmSmWnXv.
t]cv cmakvt\lnbv!. hmkvXhn Ch
cmk kv t\ ln I fm Wv . Chp Nppw kZm
thiyI hnekpXp ImWmw. Cs\sb
m ap A\m Nm c {]N cn m Xn cpp
Fn Bcyhn\v Cu ZpKXn kw`
hn p I bn m bn cp p. Ch injy msc
Fn Xop p. kv {XoIt]mepw Chsc
kmjv SmwKw \a kv I cn p p. GIm ambn
kv{XoI k\ymknamcpambn klhknpp.
ChcpsS asmcp imJ amhmUv tZinse
"tJUm]m'
196
F {Kman Dmbn. Ah
cpsS IYbn{]ImcamWv:
sNcppIpnbmb cmaZmk alm Iui
emc\mbncpp. Cbmv cp `mcyamcp
mbncpp. Abm hfscmew Ah[qX
t\ tmse \mbv fpsS `Ww Ign bv p
Ibpw apw sNbvXncpp. ]noSv hmaamKnbpw
cmatZhs ImaUnbbpw
197
Bbn. CbmfpsS
`mcyamcpw IqsSmSpambncpp. As\ Npn
dn koY {Kman
198
sNcppIpn
bpsS Kpcp hmb lc cm a Zm kns ASp
Fn. cmatZhaXw D]tZinv cmaZmkns\
injy\mn. cmaZmk tJUm]mbn sNv
AhnSw tI{amn aX{]NcWw XpSn.
Av imlv]pcbn sNv cmaNc Xs
aXw {]N cn n p. Cbm hym]m cn bm bn cp
p. (_\nbm.) ZmwXUm
199
{Kmanse Hcp
k\ym kn bn \nv Imhn hmn [cnv
Abmsf Kpcp hm n. imlv ]p c bn sNv
AhnsS ]mpdnp. Ifanm ]mhsf
thKw himm IgnbpXn\m Cbm
ChnsS thcpdnp. P\ cmaNcWs
hmpI t{ijvTambn IcpXpp. Chv D
\oN t`Zan. {_mW\pw AyP\pw Hcp
t]mse injyXzw kzoIcnmw. Ctmgpw Ah
IpWv Um] n I sf tmsebmWv . IpWv U
(aNn)bnemWv `Ww IgnpXv. thZ
[n \npw, amXm]nXmfn \npw
euInI hyhlmcfn \npw ]nncnnv
injycmpp. cma\maw alma{amsWv
IcpXpp. CXmWv OpOva (kqjva) thZsa
h ]dbpp. "cmacma' P]nm Pmc
fnse ]m]w CmXmIpw. CXmsX thsd
apnamKan. izmk{]izmkneqsS cma
cma ]dbm D]tZinp Bfns\ kXyKpcp
Fp ]dbpp. kXyKpcp Cuizcs\m
henb BfmWv. AbmfpsS {]Xnasb ]qPnp
p. kw\ymknamcpsS Im IgpInpSnpp.
Kpcp hns ASp p \np Zqsc sb m\pw
t]mIp tm Kpcp hns \Jtam apSntbm
ssIhiw hbvpp. Kpcphns NcWmarXw
\nXyhpw tkhnWw. cmaZmksbpw lc
cm a Zm k sbpw hmp Isf thZ tm
{]ma Wn I ambn Icp Xp p. AX S b nb
{ Ks { ]Z n Ww hv Fp X hW
kmjvSmwKw \akvIcnpp. Kpcp ASpp
sn kmjvSmwKw \akkvIcnp]Ncn
Ww. kv {Xo]p cp j t` Z sat\y cma cma F
a{w D]tZinp sImSppp. \makvacW
bneqsS am{Xw awKfapmIbpw ]Tnm ]m]
apmIpIbpw sNpat{X. CXn\v {]amWap
mnbnpv.
]WvUnXm Cu]mt\]Uo Zm ]qc_tem
197. cmP]qmWnbnse sNcpp IpnI ahkv{Xw
[cnv "i_vZ' sav Ah ]dbp ]mpI cma
tZhsbpw apw ]mSn \Spw. Chsc ImaUnb
Fp ]dbpp.
198. tPm[v]qcn\Spp hensbmcp {Kmaw.
199. ^pte cm In iKV tj \p Iv at[y Cu
t]cn tj\pv.
200. thZhncp JWvU\sa ]pkvXIn h`
aXsn {KImc hnkvXcnsgpXnbnpv.
Cu ]pkv XIw { ]Im in n Xn t\ XpSv
aljnsb h[nm h` aXm Xmdmbn.
282
]m]v cmacma kpacymw hn\mw cCKyu cotXm
B]v thZ]pcmW ]tV ]tV KoXm cma`
P\ _n{\C Ktb KoXm.
(] Tnv Agp p Xo n bm Wv . Ign Ia
v êw e`npw. cma\maw P]nm
h ipiq\y\t{X. \n thZw ]pcmWw,
KoX Fnh ]Tnmepw cma\maw P]nm
]w ipiq\y\t{X.)
Csabp ]pkvXIfmWv Dmnh
ncnpXv. kv{Xo, `mhns\ ip{iqjnp
Xv ]m]amsWpw Kpcphns\bpw k\ymkn
amscbpw ]qPnpXmWv [asapw ]Tnn
p p. hWm {i as AwKo I cn p n .
{_mW "cmakvt\ln"bsn \oN\pw
NWvUme\pw, cmakvt\lnbmsWn D
a\msWpw KWnpp. Cuizc AhXcn
p sap hniz kn p nsp ]d bp s
nepw `KXn tlXn HuXmcln [cln (cma\h
XcnXv kz` kwcWn\mWv) F
cmamNcW hmIyw apshpXnbnpv. Bcy
h n\p \mi I c amb A\m Nm c fpw
Ahnizmkfpw sImv BZyw \nd
XmWv ChcpsS aXw.
h` k{Zmbw
tNmZyw: tKmIpehmknIfmb tKmkmbnI
fpsS aXw
200
hfsc \Xm W tm. Fv
sFizcyamWv Chc\p`hnpXv. CXv Ap
XinsImmsX km[nptam?
Dcw: CXv KrlcpsS sFizcyamWv.
tKmkmbnIfptSX.
tNmZyw: sImmw! sImmw! tKmkmbn
I fpsS {]Xm ] n \nmWo sFiz cyw,
Asn aphpw Cu sFizcyw e`n
msXmWv ?
Dcw: aphcpw Chsctmse Im]
Sy sNbvXm sFizcyhmamcmIpsa
Xn s\ mWv kwibw? Ch tcm sSm tam H
[nItam BImw.
tNmZyw: AXpsImmw! ChcnsemWv
Im]Syw? CsXmw tKmtemI eoebmWv.
Dcw: tKmtemI eoeb, tKmkmbneo
ebmWv. tKmtemI eoebmsWn tKmtem
Ihpw CXpt]msebmbncnpw.
Cu aXw sXepKp\mn \nmWv {]Ncn
Xv. sXep\mb evaW_v F {_m
W hnhm l n\p tijw GtXm Imc W
m amXm ]n Xm tfbpw `mcy tbbpw
shSnv Imin p t]m bn. hnhm ln X \ sp
Iw ]dv Ahn sS sv kw\yknv
Cbm kw\ymknbmb hnhncw Fs\tbm
hopIm Adnp. A\amcpw `mcybpw
IqSn Imin bn sNv kw\ym kw sIm Sp
bmfn t\mSv bp h Xn bmb `mcy bp
Cbmv kw\ymkw sImSpsXns\p
tNmZnp. `mhns\ kw\ymkn\np
hnSphnm ]w X\npIqSn kw\ymkw
XcWsambn B kv{Xo. Atm injys\
hnfnv Kpcp ]dp: ""\o almI\mWv.
kw\ymkw Dt]nv KrlnbmIWw. \o
IeymWw Ign n n sv Iw ] d mWv
kw\ymkw kzoIcnXv''. Abm kw\ymkw
hnv hopw Krlm{ianbmbn. t\mq B
aXns XpSwXs In\nmWv.
sXep Kp \m n sN tm Cbmsf PmXn
bn Iqnbn. Atm AhnSwhnv Npnd
mXpSn. IminSpv NcWmKVv F
{Kma n \ Sp p Nm cWyw
201
F
Imn Cbm t]mIpI ]Xn hm bn cp p.
Btcm Hcp Ipnsb Imnept]np \mep
]mSpw AIsebIse Xohp ew hnp. DS
s\ sbpw Ipnsb sIm cp sXv Icp Xn
bmWv XosbcnXv. evaW`pw `mcybpw Cu
Ipnsb FSpv aI\mn hfn. ]ns
Iminbn sNp ]mp.
Ipn {]mbambtXmSpIqSn A\am acn
p. sNdpw apX bphm hm Ip Xp hsc
Cbm Iminbn hnZym`ymkw sNbvXncpp.
]noSv FtmsNv hnjvWpt{Xnse
tkhI\mbn. Ftm Nne Ipg ImcWw
hnjvWpt{Xw hnv hopw Iminbn sNp
kw\yknp. AhnsS {`jvS\mb asmcp {_m
W kz ]p {Xn tbm sSmw hkn n cpp.
Abm \psS kw\ymkntbmSv kw\ymkw
hnv aIsf thm\mhiysp. Abm AX
\p k cnp. A sNbv X Xp t]mse aI
201. {io cmaZmkv KuUbpsS "lnpXzv' F ]pkvXI
n {io h`mNmcys\n {]kvXmhnpnSv
NmcWyw a[y{]tZinse dmbv]q BsWv ]d
bpp.
283
sNbv X Xn F Xn i bw? Abm `mcy tb
bpw sImv BZys hnjv Wp t {X n
sNp. hnhmlw sNbvXXpsImv AhnsS Ib
nbn. ]noSv AhnZy nc Xmakamnbn
p {hPtZip sNp. AhnSsS hnhn[
I]SbpnI {]tbmKnv BfpIsf hymtam
lnnv anYyI {]Ncnnp. ""{ioIrjvW
Fs Ip; tKmtemIp\np aXytem
Ip hnp Znhy Pohmmsf {_
kw _w apX em b h bm ]hn {X amn
tKmtemIsnpI FcpfnsbvXp.''
Fn s\ ]e Xcw t`mjv pI ]dv
{]tem`nnp. Ipdpt]sc AXmbXv F]
n\mept]sc sshjvWhcmn. C\nsbgp
Xp a{ \nnpIbpw AXn t`Z
fp m p Ibpw sNbv Xp.1) {ioIrjv Ww
icWw aa. 2) Ivfow IrjvWmb tKm]o P\
h`mb kzmlm. Ch cpw km[mcW a{
fmWv. ASp a{amIs {_kw_
n\pw kaWn\pw thnbpXmWv.
""{ioIrjvWx icWw aa kl{k]cnhc
anXImePmXIrjvW hntbmK P\nX Xm]
Iv tfim \ Xntcm `m thmflw `K htX
Irjv Wmb tZtl {nb {]mWm x I cW
Xcvamw ZmcmKmc ]p{Xm]vXhnt l
]cmWym\m kl kacv]bman. Zmtkmflw
IrjvW Xhmkvan.
({ioIrjvW `Khm F\np icWw. kl
{khjfmbn Xm]hpw tihpw IrjvW`
Khm\n \np th]mSpw klnp Rm
Fs icochpw C{nb {]mW, Ax
cW AhbpsS {]hrn, `mcy, ]p{X,
[\w, Bmhv, Fmsamw Atbm IrjvW
`Khmt\! IrjvW IrjvW! Abvp kan
psImpp. Rm AbpsS Zmk\t{X!)
Cu a{w D]tZinv injymscbpw injy
I tfbpw sImv ka]Ww sNn p p.
"Ivfow IrjvWmtbXn'bnse ow X{{K
nteXmWv. hàXmcpw hmaamKnIfpsS
hIt`ZamsWv CXp sXfnbnpp. AXp
sImmWv tKmkmbnIfpw A[nIw kv{Xokw
kKw sNpXv. tKm]oP\ht`Xn {ioIr
jv W tKm]n Ip am{Xw {]nb s h
Bbncppthm? apht? kv ss{XW
cmbnp AYhm kv{XokpJn s]pt]m
bhcmWv kv{XoIv {]nb. {ioIrjvW
Acmc\mbncppthm? kl{khcK
W\ (kl{k]cnkwhtcXn) shdtXbmWv.
h `\pw injy mcpw k c . {ioIr
jvWhntbmKw Dmbnv kl{kw hjtf
Bbnptm? Atm Ftmtgm, hàXw
Cm Xn cp tm. h ` P\n p Xn\pw
apv , Xs ZnhyPohmmsf DcnpXn\v
Bcpw hcmsXmWv. Xm]hpw tihpw
]cym b ] Z fm Wv . GsX nepw Hcp ]Zw
{]tbmKnm aXn. AXpt]mse "A\' F
{]tbmKw kl{kns IqsS A\mhiyam
Wv. GsXnepw HpXn. A\Imew hsc
BmZnXambncnp Hns\ tamNnnm
h ` P\np Fp ]d bp Xn Fm
Ww? A\ n\v Adp Xn bn m sX
w. AXns\ Fs\ tamNnnpw? C{n
b {]mWm x I c Ww, Ah bpsS [aw.
kv{Xo, ]Zhn, ]p{X, [\w Fnhsb IrjvW
\npsXn\v? IrjvW ]qWIma\m
Ibm tZlmZnIfmbh Hpw CnpIbn.
tZlmZnI Anm\pw km[npIbn.
Im\Jm{Kw apX apSnbw hscbpXmWv
tZlw. AXn \Xpw Nobpamb hkvXp
fpv, B aeaq{XmZnItfbpw Anptam
]m] ]p Wy cq ] amb Ians AWw
aqew AhbpsS êt`mmhpw IqSnbmhnt
{ioIrjvW? IrjvWs t]cv ]dbpIbpw
kzbw AnpIbpw sNpIbt CXv? tZl
nep aeaq{XmZnIfpw tKmkmbn Anp
nt? AtXm a[pcapXp hngpn Ibvp
Xp Xpptam? tKmkmbnp Xs An
Ww ap aXmp ]mSn FsgpXnbn
ptm? CsXmw ISp kzmXbmWv.
]c [\w A] l cn p Xn\pw, thtZm
[s \innpXn\pw D eoemhn
emkfmWv. Cu h` {]]w ImWpI.
1. {imhWkymate]t GImZiymw alm
\nin, kmmZv`KhXm t{]mw XZci
DNytX.
2. {_ kw _ I c WmXv kcv thjmw
tZl Po htbmx, kcv h tZmj \nhr ncv ln
tZmjmx ]hn[mx kvarXmx
3. klPm tZiImtemm temIthZ \ncq
284
]nXmx, kwtbm KPmx kv ]cv i Pm \
ahymx IZmN\.
4. A\yYm kcvh tZmjmWmw \ \nhrnx
IY\, Akacv]nX hkvXq\mw Xkvam
Zzcv\amNtcXv
5. \nthZn`nx kacvss]h kcvhw Ipcym
ZnXn nXnx, \ aXw tZh tZhky kzman
`pn kacv]Wav.
6. Xkvam ZmZu kcvh Imtcy kcvhhkvXp
kacv ] Wav , Zm ] lmc hN\w XYm N
kIew ltcx
7. \ {KmlyanXn hmIyw ln `namcvK]cw
aXav. tkhIm\mw bYm temtI hyhlmcx
{]kn[yXn
8. bYm Imcyw kacv ss]h kcv thjmw
{_XmXXx, KMvKmtXz KpWtZmjmWmw
KpWtZmj hcvW\av.
Ch tKmkmbnIfpsS knm clkymZn
{K fn Fgp Xn bn p Xm Wv . Ch
tKmkmbn a X ns aqe Xz hp am Wv . (1)
{imhWamkw shfp]nse GImZin
cmhn kmm `Khm ]dXv Acw
{]Xn ]d bpp: {ioIr jv W tZlw shSn
nv Am bncw hjw Ign p. At
ls h` {imhWamkw Acm{Xnv
Fs\ ImWpw! (2) ""tKmkmbo injym
khkzhpw ka]Ww sNbvXm AhcpsS
icocw Bmhv Fn h bpsS k tZm
jfpw Cm Xm Ipw. '' CXv aqV msc
BIjnv hàXn tNmthnB
hnjvIcn anYymhmZamWv. tKmkmbo injy
mcpsSbpw injyIfpsSbpw tZmjsamw \nhr
amIpsan tcmKZmcn{ZymXn ]oUIfpm
Ip sX s\? B ]oU I Ap hn [ am
Wt{X! (3) Hv, klPtZmjw, kzm`mhnI
ambn Imat{Im[mZnIfmepmIpXv, cv
GsXnepw tZiImefn hnh[ ]m]
sNpXv. aqv temIn `ym`y
sfspXpw thtZmamb anYym`mj
WmZnIfpw, \mev kwtbmKPw, ZpjvSkwk
mepmIp tamjWw, Pmchrn, A,
`Kn\n, ]p{Xn, ]p{Xh[p, Kpcp]Xv\n apXemb
hcpambp kwtbmKtZmjw Av Akv]r
iytc kv ]in F kv ]i\ P\y
tZmjw Chsb tKmkmboaXm Hcnepw
KWnt, btYjvSw {]hnmsaYw.
(4) ""tKmkmbo aX a msX asmpta Cu
tZmj \n hm c W n\p] bp a AXn \m
AXn \m ka]Ww sNmsXmpw
tKmkmbn D]t`mKw sNcpXv.'' CXn\memhmw
ChcpsS [\hpw ]Xv\n]p{Xn, ]p{Xh[p
sfbpw kanpXv . tKmkmbnbpsS Nc
Wfn kanmsX Bcpw kz]Xv\nsb
tmepw kv ]incp sX mWv \nbaw! (5)
AXn\m tKmkmbnp ka]nXn\p tij
tasbpw A\p`hnmhq. Fsm D]
tbm Kn sXmpw ka]n m hp X . (6)
GXp Iaw sNptmgpwBZyw kh hkvXp
fpw tKmkmbnp kanXn\p tijta
DS a kz oI cn m hq . AXp t]mse
khhpw BZyw hnjWphn\p kanXn\p
tijta FSpmhq. (7) tKmkmboaXnte
X msX ap bmsXmcp aXm cp tSbpw Hcp
hmpt]mepw tKmkmbninjy tIcpXv,
kzoIcnpIbpacpXv. CXv bYm tKmkm
bnbpsS eWamWv. (8) C{]Imcw Fmw
kannv AhbpsS a[yn {__pn
sNWw. KwK bn A\y Pew tNmepw
AXv KwKm P e ambnocp p. kza X n
Htsd KpW fpw A\y a X fn Htsd
Zqjyfpapv. AXn\m kzaXnse KpW
sfn hntXv injymcpsS ISa
bmWv.
t\mq! tKmkmbn aXw CXcaXtfm
sfmw kzm ] c at? {_ ns Hcp
eWw t]mep w Adn bm hm
\nsfs\ in jy K W sf {_ kw
_w sNnpsav Bscnepw tNmZnp
]w RXsbmWv {_sapcw
]dtpw. Atm {_ns KpWIa
kz`m h sfm p an m \n tIhew
t`mKhnemkn\pthn {_w Nancn
pIbmtWmsbp tNmZntXmWv. injy
KWs Xp kanv ipcmp
\n, \nfpsS `mcy, ]p{Xn, ]p{Xh[p, apX
embhsc kaWw sNmXn\m Aip
cmn hncnpIbt? Ahsc A\yaX
mv ka]npI. hsn aphcpsS
kv {Xo ]pcpj [\mZn Isf ka]Ww
hmp k{Zmbw \nWw. CXphsc \S
285
sXms t]mIs. C\nsbnepw \nfpsS
Cu anYymhmZsfmw shSnv kpchpw
Cuiztcmhpw thZhnlnXhpamb km
n hv a\p jy Xzs k^ e am n,
[amYImatamfm Ip ê N Xp jv S
bs {]m]nv B\a\p`hnpI.
t\mq! Cu tKmkm bn I Ah cpsS
amKs ]pjvSnamKsap ]dbpp. Xnp
IpSnv ]pjvSn{]m]nv kIe kv{XokwKn
eqsS btYjvSw t`mKtIfnIfmSpXmWv Cu
]pjvSnamKw! henb ZpxJmZnIfmb `Kcw
apXemb tcmK _m[nv \odn \odn acn
t n h cp Imcyw A\px ` hn p h ct
Adnbq. kXyw ]dm CXv ]pjvSnamKa
. IpjvTnamKamWv. IpjvTtcmKnbpsS ico
c n se [mXp F s\ bmtWm
DcpInsbmgpIntmbnv hne]np acnpXv
AXpt]msebmWv Chpw kw`hnpXv.
AXn\m \cIamKsapIqSn CXn\p t]
]d bp Xp. tNbpXmWv . Fs m
ZpxJns t]cv \cIsapw kpJntXv
kzKsapamWv.
C{]Imcw anYymPme Dmn Adnhn
m ]mhw a\pjysc hebn IpSppp.
Fnv Xs m {ioIr jv W Nav
Fm h cp tSbpw bP am \ \mbn \Sn p p.
tKmtemIn\nv ChnsS hnp Fm
Znhymmtfbpw DcnpXn\p ]pcp
tjma eoebmWv Xs Psap ]dbp
p. \psS D] tZiw kzoI cn m h
tKmtemIw {]m]nnspw t]SnsSppw.
AhnsS ]pcp j \mbn Hcp {ioIrjv W\pw
_mnsbmw kv{XoIfpamWv.
F{X hnNn{Xw tKmkmboaXw! tKmkmbo
in jy m scmw tKm]n I fm bn tmIpw. cp
`mcy am cp hs KXn alm Zp Xn bm Wv .
Atm Hcp ]pcp j\v tImSn W n\v
kv{XoI ]ntbpsn ZpxJn\hkm
\aptm! {ioIrjvW\p Xpeyamb kmaYy
ap spw Fm h tcbpw {]k Nn I fm
m IgnbpsapamsWn Atlns
Amw Kn \n bmb kzman \nbv pw AtX
kmay ap m bn cn pw. Amw Kn \nv
Xpey in Dmhpw. Imahmk\ kv{Xo]pcp
jmv Xpeytam, kv{XoI[nItam Bbn
Cu temI n ImWp tm tKmtem I
nepw A{] Im c am bn cn patm. Atm
A\y kv{XoIfpambn kzman\n hfscb[nIw
hg p m p pm bn cn p atm? Fs
m k] Xv \o `mhw hfsc No bm Wv .
As\ tKmtemIw kzKn\p ]Icw \c
IambnmWWw. alm kv{XoKmanI A[n
Ihpw `KcmZn tcmK]oUnXcmbncnpXp
t]msebmhmw tKmtemInepw! sO sO sO,
C{] Im c ap tKmtem I n t\ m t`Zw
km[m cW aXy temIw Xs bm Wv .
tKmkmbn {ioIr jv W Nav At\Iw
kv{XoIfpambn canv `Kc {]talmZn tcmK
]oUnXcmIpsn tKmtemInse {ioIr
jv W\pw CXp kw` hn p IqtS? Csn
{ioIrjv W kzcq ]n I fmb tKmkm bn am
Fs\ tcmK]oUnXcmIpp?
tNmZyw: aXytemIn eoemhXmcw
FSp p XpsImmWv tcmKw hcp Xv .
tKmtemIn tcmKanmXpsImv CXv
kw`hnpIbn.
Dcw: ""t`mtK tcmK`bav''
202
FhnsS
t`mKaptm AhnsS tcmKapv. {ioIrjvW\v
tImSm\ptImSn kv{XoIfn afpmIbnt?
Dm Ips n Fmw BtWm AtXm
s]tm? AtXm cpapmIppthm? s]p
X s bm sW n Ah Bsc hnhmlw
sNpw? AhnsS {ioIrjvW\msX asmcp
]pcpj\ntm. Dsn \n t\cs
]dXv s]mfnbmbn. C\n BWpXsbm
sWnepw CXpXs êw. Ah Bsc
hnhmlw sNpw? hon Xstbm? AtXm
thsd h h cp tSbp w ]n t cp tm?
Dsnepw tKmtem I n Htc sbmcp
{ioIr jv W am{X amWv ]pcp j F
{]kvXmhw sXpw km\w DmIptXbn
s m sW n {io Ir jv W \n \]pw k I
Xzhpw kv{XoIfn hymXzhpw hpIqSpw.
CsXsmcp tKmtemIw! Uln kpms
_ohnIfpsS ]Stbm?
Ctm tKmkmbnam kzinjymcptSbpw
injyIfptSbpw X\pa\[\ AWw
202. `rlcn sshcmKy iXIw33
286
sNnpXpw icnb. Fsm X\p (i
cocw) hnhmlmhkcn kv{Xo ]pcpjm
]ckv]cw kanpt]mIpXmWv. a\km
Is hopw asmcmpw kanmhp
X . ico c tm sSmw AXp ka ]Ww
sNbv Xp t]mIp p AYhm ams nepw
kan p bm hy`n Nm cn bmbntm Ipw.
C\n [\w AXpw Cs\Xs. AXmbXv a\
nmsX Hpw AWw sNm km[ya
. Cu tKmkmbnIfpsS at\mhrn injy
kmZnpw \ kpJnpw FXmWv. h
`k{Zmbmcmb tKmkmbnI sXepptZ
i n . Ahv Bsc nepw Adn bmsX
t]mepw I\ym Zm\w sNbv Xm PmXn
bn\npw {`jv Sp Iev ]n pw. Fs m
Ch ]XnXcpw hnZymlo\cpw cm]I sXpI
fn apgpInIgnbphcpamWv.
tKmkm bnsb hon Wnp hcp n
bm B hon sNv acmht]mse A\
mXncnpw. A\pItbm anpItbm C.
hXpw ]d p t]m bm a \m bmtem?
aqJmWmw_ew au\av (aqV\v _ew au\w).
annbm ]qv ]pdmIpw. Fm kv{XoI
fpsn Ahsc angnp t\mnbncnpw.
tKmkmbn t\mp h `mKy ap h cm W
t{X hnizm kw. t\mw e`n p h cpsS
`mhpw, ktlmZccpw, _pfpw, amXm
]nXmfpw hfsc kpjvScmIpp. kv{XoI
tKmkmbnbpsS ImsXmv hnpw. tKmkm
bnv a\n\njvSsSphcpsS hncen Im
Aapw. AXv Fm h cpw `mKy amsWp
IcpXpw. B kv{Xosb `mhv DssSbp
h tNv tKmkmbnbpsS NcWtkh\
n \ b bv p Ibpw sNpw. Fm\pw hop
Imv CjvSasp hm Xs ]nWnbm
fpI aptJ\ Imcyw km[npw. kXyw ]d
m Ccw ]nWn bm fp I Ah cpsS
t{Xn\p Nppw FmSpw ]mpv.
ChcpsS ZnW hm coXnbpw ckI
c am Wv . Cs\ tNmZn pw. ""sImphm
ZnW tKmkm bn v . `mcybv v , aI \v ,
aIv , tihp I {] [m \nv , ]mdm hp Im c \v ,
KmbI\v, hn{Kln\v''. tKmkmbn DssS
bp Cu Ggp t] cmWv ]oSnI Xpd p hv
ZnW hmn ]pWyw hnev p sXp
Xmev ] cyw. tKmkm bn bpsS GsX nepw
`rXy acn m dm bm Ahs s\v
tKmkmbn Imev hbvpw. InpXv ASnsSp
pw. CXv almW
203
ttbm NpSem
cttbm, arX _ en bn Sp hnph ttbm
]Wnp Xpeyat?
Nne injym tKmkmbnsb hnfnv a
fpsS hnhmlSn ]mWn{KlWw, \Sn
p p. CXn\v tKmkm bn bpsS tZlv
Ippaw ]qipp. ]qipXpw kv{XoIfmWv.
]noSv Hcp henb ]m{X n ]e I bnv
tKmkm bnsb Ccpn, kv {Xo]p cp j m
tNv hntijnpw kv{XoI Ipfnnpp.
IpfnIgnv ]oXmw_capSpv saXnbSnbn
IbdpXn\p apv Iu]o\w ]m{XnenSpp.
]m{Xnse Pew XoPeambn injyhw
ANa\w sNpw. ]noSv hntijm Xmdm
nb Xmw_qew tKmkmbnp \evIpp. CXv
Xnv Hcp `mKw sImv shn m {X n
Xppp. CXn\v alm{]kmZamsWmWv ]d
bp Xv ! Ch Fp Xcw a\p jy cm sWv
BtemNnpI. aqVXbpw A\mNmchpw C{X
Im Imtam? ]e cn \n v kaWw
hmpw. Fnepw sshjvWhcpsS `Wta
Ignq! Nne AXpan. Abnw Hmp
hnd Ip t]mepw Igp Intb FSpq! Fm
tKmXvamhv, ic, ]kmc, s\v, apX
embh IgpImdn. AmsXXs AhbpsS
"Aipw' t]mIpat{X. AmsX Fp sNpw!
Ch IgpInbm \jvSspt]mInt? R
203. alm{_mW FXn\v Ctm arXicocn
\nv XpWnsbSpp hynbYambncnp
p.
204. ckhn{Ibw tamcpw ]mepw apw hnpXv.
{_m WnXp \njn am Wv . B] Xv Im ev
sshiyhrn sNmw. ]t ckhn{Ibw ]mSn.
(a\p 10. 8386).
205. ckhn{Ibw ]mSn. ]mepw tamcpw apw kuP\y
ambn \Inbncp ]mccyamWv `mcXnteXv.
]cn`mjI KpcpIpe hnZymYnbmbncp Imev
(195963) Dtcy {Kmafn ]mepw tamcpw
ssXcpw hnebvp InpIbnmbncpp kuP\yam
bnt e`nncppp.
206. ioXfmtZhn hkqcnbpsS tZhXbmWv. hml\w Igp
Xbpw! "Nnsm Nc' F sNmn\p kZr
iw.
287
{ioIrjvW\v NmpIbpw ]mSpIbpw \nth
ZnpIbpw apw sNmdpsnh ]dbpw.
hmkv Xhn Chsbmw AhcpsS kz
kpJn\pthnbmWv. alm A\fpw
Imnqmdpv. tlmfnv ]ompgen Nmb
shw \ndv kv {XoIfpsS s\ pw,
\m`npw Nmn sbm gn pw. {_m Wv
\njnamb ckhn{Ibw
204
sNphcpv.
tNmZyw: tKmkmbn, Nmn, ]cnv, Idn,
tNmdv, ]dn, eUp apXembh t\cnv hnevp
n. `rXymscsmv hnev]nptXbp
q, ]nsmWv tZmjw?
Dcw: `rXymv ifw sImSpp
]w Ah Cu tPmen sNpIbn. hmkvX
hn ifn\p ]Icw tNmdpw ]cnpw
apw sImSp p I bm Wv sNp Xv . Ah
sImp t]mbn Am Sn bn hnev p p.
tKmkmbn X\nsb sImpt]mbn hnncps
n `rXym, B \oNIn \nv c
s]ts\. ]m]êw tKmkmbnpam{Xw e`n
p am bn cp p. BZyw kzbw IpSp p Ibpw
]n oSv ap hsc Ip Sp p I bp amWv
tKmkmbn sNpXv. \mYZzmc apXembnS
fn tKmkmbn X\ntb hnev]\ \Sppap
v. ckhn{Ibw
205
\oNIaamWv. Dap
tNX. Bcymhns At[mKXnv
CcmcmWv ImcWm!
kzman \mcmbWaXJWvU\w
tNmZyw: kzman \mcm b W aXw F s\
bpv?
Dcw: bmZrio ioXemtZho XmZrtim
hml\x Jcx ioXfmtZhnp tN hml\w
IgpX!
206
tKmkmbnI [\m]lcWn\p
] tbm Kn p eoemhnti j sf tmse
bmWv kzman \mcmbW aXmcptSXpw.
Atbm[ybvSp Hcp {KmanemWv kl
Pm \ P\n Xv . Abm {_ Nm cn bmbn
KpPdmnse Iv., `pPv apXembnSfn Npn
bSnncpp. aqVmcmb km[pfpsS {]tZ
iamsWv Abm a\nemn. hfm hf
bp h cmWv Ahn Sp p Im scpw {Kln p.
AhnSbmv aqp\mep injymsc e`np.
Ahct\ym\yw BtemNnpdnv, klPm\
\mcmbWs AhXmcamsWpw henb
kn\msWpw NXp`pPcq]w ssIsmv
{]XysSpsapw ]dp ]cn. Am
ev ImTnbmhmkn (Inbhm) ImToPm
Xnbns ZmZmJmN Fp t]cmb ]h
X`qanbpsS Hcp Paom Dmbncpp. Abm
tfmSp B injy m ]d p. Xmv
NXp`pPcq]w ImWWsan R kl
Pm\t\mSp ]dbmw. hfsc \Xv Fmbn
]mhw ZmZmJmN. Hcp apdnbn klPm\
IncoShpw sXfpsXfm Xnfp ]phkv{X
fpw apw AWnv, iwJp N{I ssII
fnhv apIfntepbn \np. asmcm
]pdIn\nv In\nSbneqsS ssII
Cv KZm] ]nSnv\npw ZmZmJmNtdmSv
injym ]dp ISp]nSnv sNv Hp
Xpdp IpsImWw DSs\ ISWw.
IqSp X t\mn bm \mcm b W\v tIm]w
hcpw. Ifhp ]pdmIcpsXmWv injym
DtinXv. Abmsf Iqnsmpt]mbn. apdn
bpsS hmXn Xpdv AIv ISv hnfp
sXfnp. AXm \nevpp kmm \mcmb
W. s]s v hnf Wp. Fm hcpw
kmjvSmwKw \akvIcnp. asmcp hmXneneqsS
]pdphp. hcpwhgn injym ]dp:
Av alm [ \y! `mKy hm! DS \Sn Kpcp
hns injy\mbnsmpI. Cs\ ]dp
sImp hcptm klPm\ Xs ncw
CcnnSn CcnpXp Ip. ""Ctm
thsd cq]w [cnncnpp.'' Fmbn injy
m. ZmZmJmN hebn hoWp, ApapX
AhcpsS aXw AhnsS thcpdp. ZmZmJmN
henb Pnbmbncpp. Abm injy\mbn.
klPm\ kmcw XpSn. Fmhpw
D]tZi \evIn. ]etcbpw kw\ymknam
cmn. Nnescsbmw IWvT\mUnbn Xncp
nt_m[wsISpnbnv. t\mp Ctls
kam [nbnemnbncn pp Fp ]d bpw.
Cs\ ]eXcw kq{XsImv ImTnbm
hm Unse km[p sf ]mn emn. Abm
acntm injym hfsc ]nem
{]Ncnnp.
CXn\v Hcp DZmlcWw ]dbpXv DNnX
amWv: Hcp tamjvSmhv _nX\mbn. Abm
fpsS aqp apdnm \ymbm[n] hn[np.
288
aqp apdn p Ign tm B I
BSm\pw ]mSm\pw Nncnm\pw XpSn. Fn
\mWv NncnpsXv BfpI tNmZnp.
""Hpw ]dtb''
""AsX m sWtSm?''
""Bcyw, B cyw. CsX m Wtm?
Cs\bpaptm?
""FstSm? FmWmcyw?''
""kmm \mcm b W? NXp`p P
hnjvWp AXm \nevpp. ktmjw. BSm
Xn cn p sX s\? ]mSm Xn cn p sX
s\? Atlm `mKyw! kmmXvi\w.''
Rp ImWm hmsXv?
""aqns adhpsImv, aqp apdntmgt
ad amdnbXv. kmm NXp`pP \mcmbW.''
Ah cn semcp aq V, aq p t]m bm
t]mIs \mcmbWs\ \nbambpw ImWWw.
Fp Xocpam\np. Abm ]dp.
""Fs aqp apdnv \mcmbWs\ ImWn
v.''
aqp apdnnv sNhnbn ]dp:
""\obpw Fstmse BSnmSv Asn
BfpI \s cpt]tcbpw Ifnbmpw.''
C\n aqp Xncnp InpIbn. AXpsImv
As\ sNbvXpIfbmsav \nbnv ]d
p: ""lmlm! \mcmbW'' XpSv ]ecpw
aqpapdnp. apdnaqm BbncWn\m
bn. B k{Zmbn\v \mcmbWZin Fv
t]cpw Cp. Cs\bp \mcmbW ZinI
sfn Hcp aqV\mb cmPmhp tIp. Ahsc
hnfnnp. cmPmhp ASpp htm Ah
cn Nn e BSm\pw ]mSm\pw XpSn .
FmWp Imcysap cmPmhv tNmZntm
]dp:
""kmm \mcmbW Zi\w''
""Rm ImWmsXpsImv?'' cmPmhv
tNmZnp.
""aqptm ImWm HpIbn. aqp
apdnm \mcmbW {]Xy\mIpw.''
Imcyw icn bm sWp hnNm cn cmPmhv
tPmysc hcpn aqp apdn m \p
aplqw Ipdnm Bm]np.
"D c hv . A Zm Xm hmb s]mp X p
cmt\! hcp Zian\m cmhnse Fp \mgnI
]pecptm aqpapdnm\pw \mcmbW Zi
\ n\pw ip` aplq am Wv '. Fmbn
tPmy! t\mq ! aq p ap dn m\p w
aplqw ]dbphcmWnh,
cmPmhv \mcmbW Zi\n\v Xbmdmbn.
apdn aq msmw th kuI cy
sNbv Xp sIm Sp p. kp jv S cmb Ah
Bhpw ]mpw XpSp. cmPmhns Znhm\pw
apNne _pnammpw Cu t]mv cknn
. cmPmhns \mep XeapdIv apv D]
tZiw sImSpph sXmqdpImc\mb Hcp
ap Znhm\pmbncpp. Atlns {]]u
{X \mWv Ctm gs Znhm. Cbm ap
s ASppsNv hnhcsfmw ]dp.
"Ah NXnbmcmWv. \o Fs cmPmhns
ASpp sImp t]m Iq' Fmbn hr.
As\ sNbvXp. cmPmhv hfsc ktmj
tmsS apdnaqmcpsS IY ]dp. "alm
cmPmth! Hnepw s]sv FSpp NmScp
Xv . ]co n msX sNbv Xm ]m
]ntn hcpw.' Fv hr D]tZinp.
cmPmhv: Cu Bbncw t] Iw ]dbptam?
Znhm: Itam t\cm ]dbs. ]con
msX Fs\bmWv t\tcm Itam F
dnbpI?
cmPmhv: Fs\ ]conpw?
Znhm: hnZy, krjvSn{Iaw, {]Xyw apX
emb {]amWfm.
cmPmhv: ]Tnnnmh Fs\ ]co
npw?
Znhm: hnZzwKm m\w hn
nnv.
cmPmhv: hnZzmamsc e`nnsntem?
Znhm: {ianm InmsXmpan.
cmPmhv: Fp sNWsav XmXs
]dbq.
Znhm: Rm hr \m Wv , hon en cn
pbm, C\n Ipdp ZnhkwIqSn Bbpv
ImWpw. AXpsImv BZy]coWw Rm
sNmw. ]noSv DNn X am bXp t]msebpw
sNmw.
289
cmPmhv: sImmw \Imcyw. tPmysc!
ZnhmPn bpsS aqp apdn m aplqw
t\mq.
tPmy: Dchv. Cu shfp ]an
\m ]p\mgnI ]pecptm \ aplq
amWv.
]an \mfn ]p \mgnI ]pecpXn
\papv Znhm cmPmhnt\mSp ]dp. Bbncw,
cmbncw ssk\nIcpambn ]pdsSWw.
cmPmhv: AhnsS ssk\ysan\v?
Znhm: cmPyImcytfn Av A{X
]cnNnX\. Ctm Rm ]dbpXpt]mse
sNvXmepw.
cmPmhv: icn! BchnsS! ssk\yw ]pds
Sm XbmdmIm Dchv \evIpI.
HXc \mgnI ]petm cmPmhv Fm
hcpsamnv Fgpsn. Ahscv apdn
aqm Bhpw ]mpw XncpXIrXnbnemn.
cmPmhpw ]cnhmchpw Bk\cmbn. apdnaq
mcpsS alns\ Cu {]kvm\ns
m]Is\ hnfnv cmPmhv ]dp. ""Cp
\psS ZnhmPnv \mcmbW Zi\w \evIp
I. "BIs Fp alv . ]p \m gnI
]pep. Hcp h Hcp ]m{Xw sImp hv
aqn \p Xmsg ]nSn p. t]\m n sImv
aqp apdnp. Znhms aqn\nv c[mc
HgpIn. CXn\nSbn B NXnb Znhmt\mSpw
Nncnp Xpnsmp \mcmbW Zi\w Inn
Fp ]dbq. ]dnsn Fmhcpw Ifn
bmpw.' Fp ]dnp ]nhmn. Znhm
Hcp XphmesImv aqp XpSp. ZnhmPntbm
Sv cmPmhv tNmZnp. "\mcmbWs\ ImWmtam
hmtbm? ]dbq. Znhm cmPmhns ImXn
a{np. Hcp Iphpw ImWm\n. Cu NXn
bm BbncWn\v BfpIsf NXnp.'
C\n sbp thW sav cmPmhv tNmZn p.
"Chv ITn\amb in \evIWw. Poh]
cyw XS hp in \ev I Ww. Fm h tcbpw
NXn Cu NXnbs\ IgpXpdp Ibn ITn
\ ambn ]oUn nv sIm Ww.' cmPm hns
ImXn Znhm a{n p Xp I Ah
`bv Hmamcw`np. tk\ hfncpXn\m
HmSm Ign n . cmPmhv BPv Rm ]n p:
"Fmnt\bpw ]nSnv XShnemq. ChcpsS
t\Xmhns\ ]nSnv apJv IcntXv, ]gs
cnp ame b Wn bn q. Fnv Igp X p dp
Ibn ]Wn NpnpI. hgnbn IpnI
sfsmv apw Nmchpw FdnbnpI. Ihe
tXmdpw sNcnpsImv ASnsImSpnv \mbv
sfsmv ISnnv sImpI. Asn ap
hcpw CXpt]msebp {]hrn sNm
`bsSmXmIpw'. Cs\ sNbvXXn\p tijw
aqp apdnb aXw Ahkm\np.
CXpt]mse thZhncpcmb hnhn[ k{
Zmbm ]c[\w A]lcnpXn AXn
NXpcmcmWv. CXv "k{Zmb'mcpsS eoe
bmWv.
kzman \mcm bWaX m [\m ] l c W
n\v ]eXcw h\Ifpw kq{Xfpw D]
tbmKnmdpv. Adnhnmhsc hnp
Xn\pthn "acW kabv shpXnc
p dp Ib dn h kl Pm \ apn
\evInsbpw', \nXyhpw Cu t{Xn
Hcp XhW hcmdpv Fpw apw ]dp ]c
mdpv. Dhw \Sptm t{Xn
\pn ]qPmcn ]mpIbpw Xmsg IhSw
\SpIbpw sNpp. t{Xn\nv ]oSn
I bn tev Zzmc ap v . Bsc nepw tXm
ImgvNshm DSt\ AXv ZzmcneqsS ]oSn
I bn se pw. Hcp \mfn tI cw Xs Znhkw
Bbn c W n\p XhW hnev p p. CXp
t]mse Htcm km[\hpw, injymsc Ahc
hcpsS PmXn\pkcnp sXmgn sNnp
p. pcI pcIhrn, Ipih Ipih
hrn, inev]n inev]tPmen, sshiy sshiy
hrn, iq{Z iq{Zhrn Fns\. Ch
cpsS A\pbmbnIv Icw Npan tImSn
W n\v cq] kam l cn p sIm n cn p p.
m\mtcmlWw sNph hnhmlw Ign
pp. B`cWfWnbpp. hon hnfnp
hcpnbm tKmkmbnIsftmse s]cpam
dpIbpw ZnW hmpIbpw sNpp.
kzbw kwKnIsfpw aphsc Ipkw
207. {ioIrjvWx aa icWav F\zbnm Cu A
amIpw.
208. Hcp hmIyn hn]coXmYw hcpXv icnb.
tjmemcm hn`nmY hcpXmIs
`qjWhpamWv. a{fpsS hn`nmY DZm
lcWw.
290
KnIsfpamWv Ch hnfnpXv. XfpsS
Iqn s]Smh F{X henb ]WvUn
Xt\m [man It\m Bbmepw icn Ahsc
_lpam\npItbm kXv IcnpItbm C.
ap aXsc _lpam\npXv ]m]ambn
KWn p XmWv Imc Ww. ]pdta Ch cpsS
kw\ym kn I kv {XoIsf t\mp I bn .
Fm Kp]vXambn Fsmw eoemhnemk
fmWv \SpsXv AdnpIqSm. Nnebn
Sfn kw\ym kn am cpsS ]c kv {Xo K a\w
{]knambnpv.
Chcn henb kw\ymknam acnm cl
kyambn t]mnWdpIfn Cp aqSnb tijw
DStemsS Atlw sshIpWvTn t]mbn
Fp ]ckysSppw. klPm\ hmWv
sImp t]m bXv ; R Ctlw ChnsS
hkn p XmWv \ sXv ]d p t\mn
Atm klPm\ ]dp: "C. Ct
ls sshIpWvTn hfsc BhiyamWv.
AXpsImv sImpt]mIpp. R kl
Pm \ t\bpw hnam \ tbpw Ip sImv
Ip. acnm InSbmfns\ hnam\n
Ibn Ccpn. apI fn te p b cth ]pjv ]
hrjvSn \Sn.
GsXnepw kw\ymkn AkpJambn AXym
k \ne bn InS p ]w Abm
"Rm \msf cm{Xn sshIpWvTn t]mIpw"
Fp ]dbpw. B cm{Xnbn Abm NmImsX
t_m[ap InSpIbmsWnepw FSpv InW
nenpIfbpw. ]dXv AkXyambntmIp
atm Ftmmhmw Cs\ sNpXv.
tKmkmbn acnptm injym ]dbp
Xv. ""eoemhnkvXmcw Ignpt]mbn'' Fm
Wv. tKmkmbnIfptSbpw \mcmbW aXmcp
tSbpw a{w HpXs. "{ioIrjvW icWw
aa!' {ioIrjvW\mWv Fs icWw AYhm
Rm IrjvWs\ icWw {]m]npp Fm
WnXn\w. Fs icWamWv {ioIrjvW
\v, Fpw CXn\w hcmhpXmWv.
207
Cu
aXsfmw hnZymlo\fmIbm Xe Xncn
Xpw imkv{Xhncphpamb hmIycN\ \S
pp. Fns\m Ahdnhns \nb
a ]cnNnXa
208
.
am[zaXJWvU\w
tNmZyw: am[zaXw \Xt?
Dcw: ap aXmhew_nIsftmsebmWv
am[zcpw. Chcpw N{ImnXcmWv. ap N{Imn
Xcpambn Chp hyXymkw cmam\pPm\p
bmbnI Hcp XhW N{ImnXcmIptm
am[z hjwtXmdpw N{ImnXcmbnsmn
cnpsXmWv. am[z s\nbn Idp
hcbnSpp. ah ahcbpw. Hcp am[z]
WvUnX\pambn Hcp almmhv hmZ{]XnhmZw
\Sn:
alm mhv : \n sf n \mWv Idp tc
Jbpw N{ e t]mse Xne Ihpw AWn bp
Xv ?
imkv{Xn: CXv AWnbpXn\m R
sshIpWvTw {]m]npw. {ioIrjvWs \ndw
Idp m bn cp p. AXn \m R Idp
XneIw AWnbpp.
almmhv: Idp hcbpw XneIhpaWn
m sshIpWvTn Fpsan apJw
apgph Idpv Nmnbm FhnSmsWp
I? sshIpWvTn\pdw Fptam?
209
{ioIr
jv Ws icocw Idp Xmbn cp Xp t]mse
\nfpsS icochpw apgph IdpWnbm
sXv? As\bmbm {ioIrjvW kZri
cmImatm. Chcpw aphsctmseXs.
enMvKmnX aX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: enMvKmnX aXw Fs\bpv?
Dcw: N{ImnXtctmsebpv. N{Im
n X N{Iw sImv ]mSp hogv p Ibpw
\mcmbWs\mgnsI amscbpw hnizknmXn
cnpIbpw sNpXpt]mse enMvnX enMv
ns NpnIppIbpw almtZhs\mgnsI
am scbpw ]qPn m Xn cn p Ibpw sNp p.
enMvKmnX Hcp inemenwKw kzntem
shn bntem s]mXnv Igp n e Wn bp
s hntijXbpv . shw IpSnmepw,
AXns\ ImWnnt IpSnq. ChcpsS a{
ssihcptSXp t]msebmWv.
{_kamPhpw {]m\mkamPhpw
tNmZyw: {_kamPhpw {]m\mkam
Phpw \tXm Notbm?
Dcw: Ipsd sbmw \Xpw H [nIw
NobpamWv.
209. t]Pv 559 cmw ]mc{Km^v t\mpI.
291
tNmZyw: {_kamPhpw {]m\mkam
Phpw Ghpw \XmWv. Fsm ChcpsS
\nba hfsc \XmIpp.
Dcw: \nba Fm Awifnepw
\X. Fsm thZhnZymlo\cmb Bfp
IfpsS kev] Fs\ Xopw icn
bmIpw? {_kamPhpw {]m\mkamPhpw
{Inkv Xym \n I fm Ip Xn\nv Iptd tsc
cnpIbpw Iptdsbms hn{Klmcm[\m
ZnIfn \nIn \npIbpw, I {K
fpsS sIn\nv DucpIbpw apambn Iptd
\Xp sNbvXp,
Fm ChcpsS 16 tZmj
1. Chcn kztZi`n hfsc IpdhmWv.
{InkvXym\nIfpsS BNmc hfsctbsd
kzoIcnnpv. `W]m\ \nba hnhm
lmZn \nba Chbpw amnbnpv.
2. kzw tZis {]iwknbpw ]qn
Isc ]pIgvpIbpw sNmXp t]mIs,
hbdp\ndsb \nnppapv. {]`mjWfn
{In kv Xym\n I sfbpw Cwo jp Im tcbpw
hmgv p I bmWv Ch cpsS tPmen. {_mZn
Ejn am sc n anpI t]mep an . {]Xyp X,
CwojpImcmsX krjvSnbnenXx ]cyw H
hnZzm\pw Dm bn n sv Ch ]d bp p.
Bcymhm BZn apXevt aqVcmbn
cpp; Ch Hcnepw DXcmbnnt{X!
3. thZtbpw apw _lpam\nnsXp
t]mIs \nnmXncnpIbpan. {_kam
Pns Dtiw eyw Fnh FgpXnbncn
p ]pkvXInse almmfpsS ]nI
bn tbip, tami, aplZv, \m\Iv, ssNX
\y Fnhsc s]Spnbnpv. Hcp Ejn
tbtbm, aljn tbtbm Ds Sp n bn n.
CXn\nv t]scgpXnbncnphcpsS aXm
\p bm bn I fmWv Ch scv sXfn bp p. Cu
Bcym h n P\nv Cu tZi nse
A]m\mZnI IgnpsImncnp Ch
XfpsS amXm]nXm, ]nXmalm apX
em b h cpsS amw hnv hntZ iob aX fn
tev Nmbvhv ImpXpw {_kamPnIfpw
{ ]m\m kam P mcp w Cm n se
kwkv IrX hnZym cln X cmb X alm
hnZzmam cm sWv {]I S\w \S p Xpw,
Cwojp ]Tnv ]WvUnX\ycmbn QSpXn
bn Hcp aXapmm bXv\npXpw a\p
jy\v ncXbpw A`nhrnbpw Dmp
{]hrnIfmIpsXs\bmWv?
4. CwojpIm, bh\, AyP, Fnh
cpambn `Ww IgnpXn Hcp hyXym
khpw Iev]npn. Dpw Xnpw IpSnpw
PmXnt`Zw XIm \psS tZiw \m
Ip sav Ch Icp Xp Xmbn tXmp p.
As\ sNbvXm Fs\ \mIpw? No
bmhpItb Dq.
tNmZyw: PmXnt`Zw CuizcIrXtam a\p
jyIrXtam?
Dcw: CuizcIrXhpw a\pjyIrXhpamb
210. ChnsS ss\bmbnIcpsS kmam\y hntijmIPm
Xnsb hnh. AhcpsS aXa\pkcnv Aizw
B\ apXembhbpw kmam\y hntijmI PmXn
bm Wv . Chn Sps hnh , {_m Wm Zn I
imkv{Xob]mcn`mjnI PmXnbmIbm kmam\y
a\pjyPmXnbnse hntijPmXnsbmWv. AXp
sImv kmam\y hntijmI PmXnbmbn. alm`m
jyn, Ajv Sm[ymbnbnse PmtXckv {Xohnjbm
Ztbm][mXv F 4.1. 63mw kq{Xw hymJm\nth
PmXnbpsS eWw. BIrXn{KlWm PmXncven
Mv Km\mw \ N kcv h `mIv kIr Zm JymX
\ncv {Kmlym tKm{Xw N NcssWx kl FmsWv
FgpXnbnpv. CXn\v ssIbSs hymJym\w C{]
ImcamWv: ""BIrXncv{KlWw bkymx km BIr
Xn{KlWm, Ahbhknthi hyMv tKyXycvYx
GtX\ tKmXzmZnPmXncv enXm {_mWXzm
ZnkvXp \ kw{KloXm. {_mWm {XnbmZo\mw
kwm\ky kZriXzmZnXn. Xw{Klmbml
enMvKm\manXn''. XmXv]cyw: BIrXn AYhm
icocAhbh cN\m hntijm DmIp
m\amWv PmXn. tKmXzw AizXzw Fnht]m
se. {_mW {XnbmZnIfpsS icocAhbh cN
\bn kam\Xbpv . AXn\m "{_mW' Fp
]dm PmXnbmbn KWnm\mhn. AXn\m
]dbpp Fm enMvKfnepw {]bpamIm
Xpw PmXnkwbn hcpw. {_mW{Xnbm
ZnI DZmlcWw. Cu DcWn\nv {_m
WmZnI icocmIrXnsImdnbmhp PmXnbn
s]Spnsep hyw. \ymbImcs kam\{]k
hmnIm PmXnx (2.2.68) F kq{Xw BIrXn
sImv {Klnmhp PmXnsbnbmWv. kmam\y
amb PmXneWw sImv {_mWmZnI PmXn
hmNIasnepw imkv{Xob Imcyknnpthn
DZm l c W n\v hymI cW imkv {X n
{_mWn Fpw ap kv{Xo{]Xybw tNpXn\v
hntijcqt]W PmXn Fp ]dpshtbpq.
NcWtKm{XhmNnIfmb PmXnkwIfpw hnti
jPmXnbn sSpw.
292
PmXnt`Zapv.
tNmZyw: CuizcIrXtaXv, a\pjyIrXtaXv?
Dcw: a\pjy, arKw, ]n, hrw, Pe
Pp apXemb PmXnI CuizcIrXamWv. arK
fn ]ip, IpXnc, B\ apXemb PmXnI,
hr fn Ac bm, t]cm, amhv apX
embh, ]nIfn lwk ImI _ImZn
I, PePpfn, ayXnanwKemZnI
apXemb PmXnt`Z CuizcIrXamWv. CXp
t]msebmWv a\pjycnse {_mW {Xnb
sshiy iq{Z Ay Pm Zn, PmXn t` Z .
Fm a\p jy cn { _m Wm Zn Isf
kmam\y PmXnbne kmam\y hntijmI

210
PmXnbnemWv KWnpXv. app hWm
{ia hyhbn FgpXnbXpt]mse KpW
Ia kz`mhm hWhyh AwKoIcn
tXv BhiyamWv . app ]dhw Ah
cpsS KpWIakz`mh t\mn {_mW
{Xnb sshiy iq{ZmZn hWfpsS ]co
Ww \Sn hn`PntXv cmPmmcp
tSbpw hnZzmamcptSbpw IrXyamWv. CXmWv
a\pjymIrXXzw.
Blmct`Znepw CuizcIrXhpw a\pjy
IrXhpw Dv. knwlw amwklmcnbpw, Fcpa
kkymlmcnbpamWv. CXv CuizcIrXw. tZi
Ime hkvXpt`Zm Blmct`Zw Dmp
Xv a\pjyIrXw.
bqtdmpImcpsS KpWtZmj \ncq]Ww
tNmZyw: t\mq. bqtdmpIm jqkpw,
tImpw ]mvkpw [cnbpw, tlmepIfn
BcpmnbsXp t\mmsX `np
Ibpw sNpXpsImv Ah DXnsb
{]m]npp.
Dcw: CXp \nfpsS sXmb hnizmk
amWv. apkammcpw, AyPcpw Bcpmn
bXmbmepw `npp, Fnpw Ah D
XcmhmsXv? bqtdmpImcn _mey hnhm
lan. Bs] t`ZanmsX hnZym`ymkw
\evIpp. kzbwhc hnhmlw \Spp, No
bmfpIfpsS D]tZiw e`npn, hnZzmm
cmbn BcpsSbpw ]nemn s]SmXncn
pp. ]ckv]cw BtemNnpw, k`bn N
sNbv Xv \n bnpw Imcy \S p p.
kzPm Xn I fpsS Db p thn ico chpw
a\pw [\hpw An p p, Be kyw sh
Snv I \n c X cm bn cn p p. Ch bmWv
AhcpsS Dbv \nZm\w. t\mq! AhcpsS
tZipmnb _qSvkv am{Xta Imcymeb
nepw Itcnbnepw CpsImv Ibdphm
]mSp q. ChnsS D m n bXv AI p I S
pIbn. AhcpsS tZipmnb sNcp
nt\mSp{Xbpw _lpam\hpw kvt\lhpw
CXctZimcmb a\pjypt]mepw \evIp
n. bqtdm]ym ChnsS hnv GXm\pw
iXhjfmbn. CXphscbpw Ah X
fpsS hkv{X[mcW coXn XpScpp. AhcpsS
tZi s BNm c co Xn I sfm pw Chn sSbpw
ammsX A\phnpp. \nfn hfsc
tcpw Ahsc A\pIcnpp. CXn\nv
\n _pnbnmhcpw Ah _pnam
mcpamsWp knnpnt? A\pIcnp
Xv _pn bp h cpsS e W a . AXp
t]mse GXp tPmen bn en cn p pthm B
tPmen btYm Nn Xw sNp p .
Bm\phnIfmbncnpp. kzw \mp
Imsc hym]m cmZn I fn klm bn p p.
Ccw KpW fpw \ {]hr n bpw sIm
mWv Ah DbcpXv. _qvkpw, tImpw,
]mvkpw [cnpI, tlmen `npI apX
emb km[mcWtbm Notbm Bb Imcy
sIm. Chcnepw PmXnt`Zw Dv. F{X
h enb m\ n cn pbmfm bmepw icn,
A\ytZimcntbm A\y aXtbm Bb
kv{Xosb, AYhm bqtdm]y kv{Xo A\y]p
cp js\ , hnhmlw Ign mXs Ahsc
Fn s\ nepw Wn p tXm, Iqn cpp
`Ww IgnptXm aph \nnf
bpp. CXv PmXnt`Zasn ]nsmWv?
R fn PmXn t` Z an sv km[p fmb
\nsf ]dp hnizknnpIbmWv. \n
fXv hniz kn p Ibpw sNp p. AXn \m
Fp sNpXpw \hw BtemNnpth
Ww. ]noSv ]mm]n\v CS hccpXv.
t\mq! sshZy\pw Huj[hpw tcmKnmWv
Bhiyw. tcmKclnX\. hnZybph tcmK
clnX\pw hnZymclnX AhnZymtcmK{KkvX
\pamWv. B tcmK hnapnv kXyhnZybpw
ktXym]tZihpw thWw. XnpXnepw IpSn
293
pXnepamWv [ancnpsX tXm
Am \ n\n p m Ip tcmK am Wv .
`Ww Ign p Xn Fs nepw A\m
Nmcw Imph {`jvScmsbp ]dbpw. Ah
cpambn kwkmcnpItbm klIcnpItbm
sNp n . Cu nXnv \n fpsS Adn
shmw kzmXbvpthntbm ]cam
n\p thntbm Fp ]dbpI. \nfpsS
Adnhv Am\nIv {]tbmP\sSptm
gmWv ]c amw {]m]v X am hp Xv . A h
{]tbmP\sSppn Fp ]dbpXv icn
b., AXp \nfpsS IpamWv. AhcptSX.
\n \mbn s]cp am dp sa n Ah
\nsf kvt\lnpIbpw \nfpsS D]tZ
i tIp Ibpw D] Ir X cm hp Ibpw
sNpw. \n BbncWn\v P\fpsS
{]tbmP\w \jvSsSpn kzbw kpJnp.
AXpsImv \n henb A]cm[nIfmWv.
A\y\v D]ImcwsNpXv [hpw ]clm\n
hcp pXv A[a hp am Wv . AXn \m
hn Zz mm Fm bv tmgp w th hn [w
{]hnv Am\nIsf ZpxJkmKcn
\np IcIbpXn\v Hcp tXmWnsbhw
hn Ww. XnI aqV m sc tmse
Aanm I sNbvXpIqSm. ]Icw
A\ypw X\npw Zn\w{]Xn Db Dm
Ip Ia am{Xta sNmhq.
5. tNmZyw: Cuizc{]WoXhpw apgph\pw
kXy hp amb ]pkv X I sampw CsmWv
RfpsS hnizmkw. Fsm a\pjycpsS
_pn \n{`ma. Ah cNn ]pkvXI
fnepw sXpI Dmbncnpw. AXpsImv
R Fmhcn\npw kXys {Klnp
p. AkXys XyPnpp. thZntetXm,
ss__n fn te tXm, Jp B \n tetXm at
sXnepw {K n tetXm BIs kXyw
Rp kzoIm cyhpw AkXyw GXn
teXmbmepw XymPyhpamWv.
Dcw : \n kXy{KmlnIfmIm
B{K ln p tX Xp sImtm AXp sIm p
Xs \n AkXy{KmlnIfpamIppv.
a\p jy \n{`m\ Fp ]d bp tm
Xs a\pjycmb \nfpw {`mnklnXcm
sWp hcpp. As\bphcpsS hmp
I Xopw {]mamWnIa. AXn\m \n
fpsS hmpIfpw hnizk\oba. As\sb
n hnjwIe `Wwt]mse \nfpsS
hmpIfpw XymPyamWv. \nfpsS {]mamWnI
{Kw cNnbmfns hmpIfpw CXpt]mse
XyPntXmWv. "Ingp\np hXpan
Hmen InSXpan' F nXnbnemWv
\n. \n kcmXpt]mse
ap a\pjycpw kc. Xnanw Nn
etm kXys XyPnv AkXys kzoI
cnm\pw CSbmtbmw. AXpsImv k
\mb ]cammhns hmWnbpsS klmbw
Aev]cmb \apsmw IqSntb Ignbq.
thZ hymJym\n FgpXn hXns\ AXp
t]mse
211
Ahiyw kzoI cn t Xm Wv .
Asn btXm{`jv Skv XtXm{`jv Sx Cp
an Am p an F Ah bm Ipw.
Fm kXyfpw thZn Dv. AkXyw
Hpan Fncns AXns\ kzoIcnp
Xn in p Xv X\npw ap hpw
lm\n bp m pI am{X amWv . CXp \nan
amWv \nsf Cm p Im `mc Xo b cm bn
tmepw KWnmXv. \n Bcymh
ns Dbv Imc W m cm hp I bp an.
ImcWw, \n Ccnp sImv apdnp
hcmWv. CXpsImv kzbtam aphtm
D]Imcw sNmsap hnNmcnpsn AX
211. t]Pv 318319
212. krjv Syp Xv ]n Fmw kap m kw. Poth izc
hnjbw Ggmw kapmkw.
213. ]mm]hpw {]mbnhpw Xn Acap
v. ]mm]hpw {]mY\bpw `mhnbn ZpjvIa
sNmXncnphm klmbnpp. CmcW
m ]qh Ir X amb Zpjv Ia fpsS ê
fn\nv c InpIbn. {]mbnw sImv
ZpjvIa Im imcocIhpw am\knIhpamb
IjvSw F{X Iv A\p`hnppthm A{Xbpw
ZpjvIaên\nv c {]m]npw. imkv{X
Imcm {]mbn hyh sNbvXncnpXv
CmcWmemWv. CXpXs \oXn\ymbtmSXn
bpsS inbnepw kw`hnpp. sNbvX sXn\v
\oXn\ymbtmSXnbpsS in A\p`hnm Cuiz
cob\oXn\ymbn hopw in A\p`hnt
Xn. Hcp sXn\v cpXhW inm\p`hw C.
\ymbm[n]s khXmcmlnXyw \nanw in
bn GpdhpI hpIqSpw. Cu Ahbn
Ahtijnp GpdhpI ]cnlcnpXv
Cuizcob \oXn\ymb hyhbpsS `mKamWv.
294
km[ysadnbWw. BcpsSsbnepw amXm]n
Xm cpt] temI n ep Ipn I
sfsbmw hfm Xp S n bm?
hfm km[n p I bn sp am{X a
AmcWm kzw IpnI \jvSsp
t]mhpIbpw sNpw. CXmWv \nfpsS Ctm
gs nXn. thZm Zn k Xy im kv {X sf
AwKo I cn msX \n F s\ bmWv
kzw hmpIfnse kXymkXy ]con
pXpw `mcXns Db ssIhcpp
Xpw?
tZi n \p m bncnp tcmK n \p
Huj[w \nfpsS ] C. bqtdm]ym
\nsf AwKoIcnpn. `mcXob \nsf
A\y a X m cm bn mWv ImWp Xv .
C\nsbnepw Imcyw a\nemn thZmZnI
fw Ko I cnv tZtim Xnv bXv \np Xv
\mbncnpw. kXyw Cuizc\n\np {]Im
in p sv \n ]d bp p. ]ns p
sImv, EjnamcpsS Bmhn Cuizc\m
{]Im in X amb kXym ambn thZ sf
AwKoIcnpn? \n thZw ]Tnnn,
]Tnm\m{Klnppan FXmWv ImcWw.
]nss\bmWv \nv thtZmamb
m\w DmhpXv?
6. D]mZm\ImcWanmsXbmWv PKZpXv]
nsbpw, Pohmmhv DmbXmsWpw,
{Inkv Xym \n I sfbpw apkam m scbpw
t]mse Ch hniz kn p p. CXn \p cw,
krjv Syp Xv ] n, Poth iz c m
212
Fnh
hymJym\nncnpnSpv. ImcWanmsX
Imcyw DmIpXv khYm Akw`hyamWv.
AXpt]mse DmbXv \inmXncnpXpw
Akw`hyamWv.
7. ]mm]hpw
213
{]m\bpw sImv
]m] \nhr n bp m Ip sa hnizm khpw
\nfpsS tZmjamWv. Cu hnizmkw temI
n ]m]w hnnnpv. ]pcmW hnizm
knI Xobm{XsImpw, ssP\ \hIm
c a { P]w Xo bm{X Fn h sImpw,
{Inkv Xym \n I tbip hn ep hnizmkw
sImpw, apkam m Xu_mlv sNp
XpsImpw, êm\p`hw IqSmsX ]m]tam
N\w e`npsap hnizknpp. CXpsImv
]m]w `bwIqSmsX sNpXv hfsc hn
n cn pp. Cm cy n {_{]mY\m
kamPm ]ucmWnItcbpw apw t]msebm
Wv. thZns A\p, êa\p`hnmsX
]m] ]p Wy fn\nv \nhrn Dm hp I
bn FmWv. AX\pkcnph kZm ]m]
hnapJcpw [tampJcpw Bbncnpw. êm
\p ` h an msX \nhr am Ip sa m sW n
Cuizc A\ymbImcnbmsWp hpIqSpw.
8. \n Pohmmhn\v AXyw DXn
{]m]nmsap ]d bp p. CsXm cnepw
km[ya. koabp Pohmmhns KpWIa
kz`mhfpsS êhpw koabpXmbncnpw.
tNmZyw: Cuizc ZbmephmWv. koabp
Iapw \noaamb êw \evIpw.
Dcw : As\ sNbvXm Cuizcs
\ymbw \jvSamIpw. kXvIfpsS ]ptcm
K Xn v Bcp w bXv \n bp an . Ip dv
kXvIn\v A\amb êw e`npsa
n ]m m ]hpw {]m \ bpw sImv
F{X sb nepw ]m]w Cm Xm Ipw. Ccw
Imcy [a lm\n hcp pw. ]m] I
hnpIbpw sNpw.
tNmZyw: R kzm`mhnI m\s

214
thZ t m hen b Xmbn Icp Xp p.
ss\annIamb m\s hnehbvpn
. CuizcZamb kzm`mhnIm\w \n
ensn thZsfs\ ]Tnbpw ]Tnn
bpw a\nempIbpw a\nemnpIbpw
sNpw? AXn\m RfpsS aXamWv hfsc
\Xv.
Dcw: Cu hmZw \ncIamWv. Fs
m Bscnepw Xcp m\w kzm`mhnI
m\a. kzm`mhnI m\w klPm\
amWv . AXv GdpItbm IpdbpItbm C. AXp
\nanw Bcpw DXn {]m]npIbn. Imp
a\pjycnepw kzm`mhnI m\apv. Fnepw
Ah Db t\Sp n . Fm ss\an
nIm\amWv DXnp ImcWw. t\mq!
214. CXv B[p \n I aX am Wv . CXn t emWv
ImamIvkntbpw {^mbnntbpw knm
sInSpncnpXv.
215. HXmw kapmkw t]Pv 389 apX
295
_meymhbn IhymIhytfm
[am[atfm \apsmpw Adnhnmbncp
p. \mw hnZzmmcn \nv ]TnXn\ptij
amWv [am[afpw Ihyfpw a\n
emm\mbXv. AXn\m kzm`mhnI m\
ns\ kthm]cnbmsWv IcpXpXv icn
b.
9. \n ]qhPhpw ]p\Phpw AwKo
I cn m Xv Irkv Xym\nI tfbpw apo
tfbpw A\p I cn m hmw. C Xn \p chpw
]p\P hymJym \ n \np {Kln p
I.
215
Fm Poh imizX \nXy
\msWpw AXns Ihpw {]hm l cq ]
n \nXyamsWpw am{Xw a\nempI.
Iahpw Iahm\pw Xn \nXy_apv.
Pohmmhv Hpw sNmsX shdp sX bn cn
pIbmtWm? Cuizc\pw shdptX CcnpI
bm sWt \n ]d bp Xp tIm
tXmq. ]qhm]cP Csphm.
IrXlm\n, BIrXm`ymKaw , ss\LrWyw,
sshjayw Fo tZmj Cuiz c \n
hp IqSpw. Pansn ]m]]pWy ê
f\p`hnm\mImsX hcpp. asmcmfn\v
kpJtam ZpxJtam em`tam tNXtam hcpn
hm AXn\pXhw êw icocw [cn
msX {]m]vXamIpn. cmaXv ]qhP
nse ]m]]pWyfnsn Cu P
n kpJ Zpx J Fs\bpm Im
\mWv? ]qhPnse ]m]]pWyf\pk
cn Chsbn Cuizc A\ymbImcnbpw,
sNbvX Ian\p êe_v[n CmsXbmhp
Ibpw sNpw. AXn \m \n fpsS Cu
hmZhpw icnb.
10. Cuiz c s\ b msX, Znhy KpW ap
]Zmtfbpw hnZzmmscbpw \n tZh
mcmbn IcpXpn. CXpw icnb. Fs
m Cuizc almtZh\mWv. thsd tZh
mcnsn tZhtZh\mb almtZh Fs
n\p ]dbWw?
11. Antlm{XmZn Ihy Ia
Ihyasp IcpXpXv \X.
12. EjnaljnamcpsS D]Imc hnkva
cnv tbiphnsbpw apw ]nmte Iq\nqSp
Xv \X.
13. ImcWhnZybmb thZsfqSmsX ap
ImcyhnZyIsf AwKoIcnpIsbXv Akw
`hyamWv.
14. hnZybpsS Nnfmb btm]hoXw
inJ Fnh shSnv IrkvXym\nItfbpw
apowtfbpw t]mse \SpXv shdptX
bmWv. ]mvkpw apw [cnpIbpw saUep
Ifpw apw [cnm B{KlnpIbpw sNp
hv btm] hoXw henb `mc am bn
tmtbm?
15. {_m Ejn apX Ctmv almhnZzm
m Bcymhnepmbnpv. Ahsc
]pI gv msX kmbv ] msc kv Xp Xnp \S
pXv ] ]m Xhpw {]oW \ hp a s n
]nsmsWp ]dbWw?
16. _oPmpcw t]mse, PUtNX\ kwtbm
Km _otPmXv]n AwKoIcnpXpw,
DXv ]np apv PohXzw Dmbncpnspw,
DmbXv \inpnspw hnizknpXv
]qhm ]c hncp am Wv . DXv ]np apv
tNX\P U h kv Xp Cm bn cp s n
Poh FhnsS\np hp? GXnssbmw
kwtbmKamWp kw`hnXv? Ch cpw k\m
X\amsWp ]dbpXp icnbmWv. Fm
krjvSnp apv Cuizc\msX asmcp Xz
hp an m bn cp s Xm fpsS ]w \ne \n
evmsX t]mIpp.
AXn\m Dbbm{Klnph Bcy
kamPnt\mSp tNv AXns Dtyiya\p
k cnv {]hn m Xm dm I Ww. As
n Hcp t\hpw DmhpIbn. GXp tZi
nse ]Zm sImmtWm kzicocw
DmnbncnpXpw. Ctmgpw ]mens
SpXpw, taenepw ]mensSpXpw AXns
Dbv icocw a\kv [\w Fnh Anv
Fm hcpw tbmPnv ]c kv ]c {]oXn tbmsS
bXv \n Ww. AXn \m Bcy k am P t
tmse Bcymh tZi ns D Xnv
asmpw ImcWamhpIn. Cu Cu kamPs
klm bn p sa n hfsc \ Im cy am WXv
kam Pns ku`mKyw hnn tXv
kmaqlns ISabmWv hynbptSXp am
216. aljnbpsS Imev 600e[nIw cmPmm `mc
Xnepmbncpp.
296
{Xa.
tNmZyw: Xm Fmhtcbpw JWvUnp
sIm n cn p p . Fm AXm Xn s
\nebvv Fm aXfpw \XmWv. Btcbpw
JWvU\w sNbvXp IqSm. JWvUnnv, saam
sbmWv Xmfp]tZinpXv? saambp
]tZinpsn Xmtfm A[nItam
Xpeytam tbmKy X bp Bcpw Cm bn cp
stm Cstm Icp Xp pm hp atm?
Cs\ A`nam\npXv Xmv DNnXa
. Fsm Cuizcs krjvSnbn Hn
s\mv Xpeytam \yq\tam Bbn ]eXpapv.
Uw`v ImpXv Hpw DNnXa.
Dcw: [aw Fmhpw HpXstbm
]etXm? ]eXmsWp ]dbp ]w Hv
asmn\v hncptam Ahncptam? hncp
amWn GsXnepw Ht [aambncnq.
A hn cp am sW nhn`nambn cnp Xn
AYan. AXn\m [aw HmWv. At\I
a.
ChnsS hntijambn ]dbpXv C{Xam{X
amWv : Fm k{ Zm b fp tSbpw D] tZ i
GsXnepw `cWm[n] kamlcnm,
Bbncnsempw IpdbpIbn. Fm Ch
bn apJyambn ]pcmWn, IrkvXym\n, ssP\n,
Ipdm\n Fo \men\ta Dmbncnq. Fm
k{Zmbfpw Cu \mensemnsSpw.
GsXnepw cmPmhv Xs k`bn
216
Cu
Bbn c t bpw hnfnp Iqn ""Rm\n Xp hsc
GsX nepw Kpcp hn t\tbm [ ttbm
kzoI cn n n . Fm [ fnepw Daw
Bcp tS Xm Wv ? Rm kz o I cn tXv
GXmWv? hmaamKn BZyw ]dbs''. Fp
]dbppshp kev]npI.
hmaamKn: RfptSXv.
Pnmkp: Cu 999w Fs\bpv?
hm. am: Fmhcpw Im. \cIKman
I ImemXv ]cXcw \ln Fp tInnt?
Cu {]amWm RfptSXn saamb
[ansp \nbw.
Pn: XmfpsS [w FmWv?
hm. am: `KhXnsb tkhn, aZyamwkmZn
]aImc tkhn, cp{ZbmaemZn X{
sNbvI, CXymZn \n\v apn thtWm,
\psS injy\mbnsmI.
Pn: icn. ap almXvamtfmSpIqSn tNmZn
dnbs. ]noSv F\nv {ibpw CjvShpw
tXmpbmfns injy\mIpw.
hm. am: tlbv ! Fn\o A_ n
NmSpp? Ch \nsf I_fnnv hebn
IpSppw. BcpsSbSppw t]mtI. R
fpsS injy\mhv. Asn ]m]npw.
t\mv ! R fpsS aX n t`mKhpw
tamhpw cpw Dv.
Pn: icn. t\mnhcmw.
]noSv ssihs ASpv sN tm
Ahcpw CtX Dcw ]dp. hntijm]d
Xn {X am{Xw: ""inhs\ hniz kn msX,
`kv a cp {Zm [mc W hpw, enMv K ]q Pbpw
sNmsX apn Hcnepw e`npIbn.''
Chsc hnv \ho\ thZmnbpsS ASpp
sNp.
Pnmkp: alm! AhnSs [
samWv?
thZmn: \mw [am[asfmpw IW
mpn. \mw kmm {_amWv. \apv
[a sav , A[ asav ? Cu PKv anYy.
m\nbmhtWm, ip ssNX\yamItWm,
{_sav kzbw \n\bvq. Pohs\`mhw
If \nXyap\mhpw.
Pnmkp: \n \nXyap {_mW
s\n {_ns KpWIa kz`mh
\nfnenmsXv? Fn\o icocn
_nX\mbncnpp?
th: \n icocw ImWp p, Ct?
AXmWv {`mn. \ Hpw ImWpn. {_
amsX
Pn: ImWpXmcv? Bsc ImWpp?
th: {_w ImWpp. {_s {_w
ImWpp.
Pn: tM! cp {_aptm?
th: C. Xs, Xm ImWpp.
Pn: Hcp h\v Ahs tXmfn Ib dm
satm? \nfpsS Cu ]dnen Hpan.
{`m m sX.
]noSv ssP\nIfpsS ASpp sNp tNmZn
297
p. Ahcpw A s\ Xs ]d p. hnti
jm C{Xbpw IqSn ]dp. ""PnW [asam
gnsI asmw s]m. PKXv Im hmb
A\mZn Cuiz c \n . PKv A\mZn Imew
apX Cs\ Dmn hXmWv. Ct\
XpS cpw. \o hm. \psS injy \m hv . \
kayzo Fm hn[nepw \h BWv.
\ Imcy kzoIcnpp. ssP\ amKa
msXmw anYzmXzobamWv.''
]noSv IrkvXym\nIfpsS ASpp sNp.
Ah tcmSpw hma amKn I tfmSp tNmZn Xp
t]mse tNmZy tNmZnp. Ah ]d
Xpt]mse Dchpw Inn. hntijm C{X
am{Xw IqSn ]dp: ""a\pjyscmw ]m]nI
fmWv. kzw kmaywsImv ]m]apn
InpIbn. {InkvXphn hnizknv ]hn{Xcm
ImsX apnbn. tbip Fmhpw thn
kzbw Ipcnintedn I\nhpImn, \o RfpsS
injy\mbntmfq.''
CXp tItijw Pnmkp auehnkmtl
_ns ASpp sNp. AhnsSbpw tNmtZym
cfpmbn, C{XbpwIqSn ]dp. ""k
i \mb Amlp, Ahs {]hm N I
JpB ico^v ChbmsX ap apn am
an. CXn hnizknmh \mkvXnIcpw
Im^ndpIfpamWv. Ah hmPn_pIXv (inc
tZw sNstSh) BWv.
Pn mkp sshjv WhcpsS ASpp
sNp. Ah hntijm ]dXv CXmWv.
""RfpsS XneIpdn Iv bacmP `b
p p.'' PnPv Rmkp hnNm cnp Cubpw
sImXpIpw t]meokpImc\pw I\pw sIm
mc\pw i{Xpfpw `bsSpn. ]nmtWm
ba`Sm!
hopw aptmv \Sv Htcm aXmcptSbpw
ASpp sNp. Fmhcpw XfptSXmWv
kXysap ]dp. Nne RfpsS I_o
kXyw, Nne \m\Iv kXyw, Nne ZmZq, Nne
h` C\n Nne klPm\, apNne am
[z apXembhsc henbhcpw AhXmc
fpambn hmgvn. BbnctmSpw tNmZnp. Ah
cpsS ]ckv]c hntcm[w Iv, Chcnemcpw Kpcp
hmbn kzoIcnm tbmKyc Fv \nbn
p. Fsm Hmtcmpw IamsWv av
999 t] kmn ]dp. IhSmc\pw,
thiybpw, sXmepImc\pw AhchcpsS Nc
pI \spw aphcptSXv No Fpw
]dbpXp t]msebmWnh ]dbpXpsa
dnv:
1. XZznm\mcvYw, k Kpcptahm`nKtXv
kanXv]mWnx t{im{Xnbw {_\njvTav.
2. Xkvssa khnZzm\p]kmb kayIv{]
im Nnmb ia\znXmb tb\mcw ]p
cpjw thZ kXyw t{]mhmN Xmw XztXm
{_hnZymav.
217
1. B kXys AdnbpXn\v kanXv]mWn
AXm bXv sXmgpssI tmsS Acnlkv X
\mbn
218
thZ\pw, {_\njvT\pw, ]c
ammhns\ Adnbp Bfpamb Kpcphns
ASpv sNWw. Cu AhnizmknIfpsS
he bn hog cp Xv . 2 As\ Pnmkp
hnZzms ]senbm B imNn\mb
PntX{nb, kao]\mb Pnmkphn\v
bYmY {_hnZy AYhm Cuizcs KpW
Ia kz`m h D] tZ in Ww. GtX
sXmw km[ \ I fm B t{imXm hn \v
[am Imatam, ]cammhv Fn
hsb Adn bm Ign bp tam, Ah sb sv
t_m[nnp sImSpWw.
C{] Im c ap Bfns ASp sn ]d
palcmPv! Cu k{ZmbfpsS _lf
n s]v Fs a\v {`mambncnpp.
Fs m Rm Ch bn GsX nepw
injyXzw kzoIcnm 999 t]cpsS hntcm[w
kmZnWw. 999 i{Xpfpw Hcp an{Xhpw
Dbmfn\v Hcnepw kuJyw DmhpIbn.
AXn\m Rms\p sNWsav Av D]
tZ in Ww.
B]vXhnZzm Cu aXsfmw AhnZym
P\yhpw hnZymhntcm[nIfpamWv. aqVcpw ]ma
ccpw ImSmcpamb a\pjysc I_fnnp hio
Icnv Ahsc hebn IpSpn Ch kzw
{]tbmP\ knnp]tbmKnpp. B ]mh
AhcpsS a\pjy Pns êw e`n
217. apWvUtIm]\njv 1.2, 1213
218. ssIIfn kaW hkvXphpambn kan[ (b
hndIv) kpe`hpw sFIcq]yapXpamIbm D]
\njXvImc AXv kaW hkvXphmnbXmWv.
AcnlvkX = iq\yam ssIIfph
298
msX Pw ]mgmpp. GXn Fmhcp
tSbpw A`n{]mbw HmtWm AXt{X thZa
Xw. AXt{X ssIsmtXv. ]ckv]chn
tcm[w DXv sa\ s Sp Ak Xyhpw
Xnanw XymPyhpamWv.
Pnmkp : CsXs\ ]condnbpw?
B]v X hn Zzm: \o t]mbn C\n ]d bpw
hw F m htcmSpw tNmZn p I. Ah cp sS
sbmw adp]Sn Hmbncnpw.
Abm B Bbncw t]cpsS Iqn
sNv ]dp: ""Fmhcpw tIWw. kXy
`m j W n emtWm [aw. anYym `m j W n
emtWm?'' Fmhcpw Hkzcn ]dp:
""kXy`mjWnemWv [aw. anYym`mjW
n A[aamWv'' AXpt]mse hnZym`ymk
n, {_Ncy ]me\n, ]qWbphmh
bn hnhmln X cm Ip Xn, kw K
n, ]pcp jm n, kXyhy h lm c
n FmamtWm [aw, AtXm AhnZym{K
lWw, { _ Ncyan mbv a, hy`n Nmcw,
IpkwKw, aSn, AkXyhyhlmcw, NXnhpw Im]
Syhpw, lnwk, ]c lm\n apX em b h bntem?
Fm hcpw Hnp tNv ]d p. ""hnZym
`ymkmZnI [ahpw AhnZym {KlWmZnI
A[ahpamWv.'' Atm PnPvRmkp Fmh
tcmSpambn ]dp: "" \n C{]Imcw H
smbn kXy[ns DXnbvpw anYy
amKns Ah\Xnbvpambn FpsImv
{]hnpn? FmhcpwIqSn ]dp:
R f s\ sNbv Xm Rsf Bcp
Ku\npw? RfpsS injym ]dm
tIn. hbpngv appw. A\p`hnp
B\sfmw ssIhnpt]mIpw. AXpsIm
mWv Adnbmambnpw kzaXfpsS {]Nm
cWw sNp Xv . ""Imnse XSn, tXh cpsS
B\, hen t XSn'' F XmWv Imcyw.
t\mq temIn t\cpw sNmpap a\p
jys\ Bcpw hIshbvn. NXnhpw h\
bpambn \Sp ht\hnebpq.
Pnmkp: Ccw IcfneqsS
aphsc sImbSnpXn\v cmPmhv in
\evImsXmWv?
aXm: R cmPmhnt\bpw injy\m
ngnncnpp. thsXmw sNbvXnp
v. hnpt]mhn.
Pn: \n Im]Syw sImv aphsc
hnpp. Cuizc\p apn Fp kam
[m\w ]dbpw? tLmc\cIn hogpw sNdnb
PohnXn\v C{X henb A]cm[w sNpXv
FpsImv XyPnpn?
a: hcp n Sp hp ImWmw. \c Iw,
Cuizc, in Fn h sbms hcp tm
gmIs. Ctm B\ n Xs! Bfp I
Rmhiyamb [\mZnIsfmw Xcpp.
]nSnp ]dn p n . ]ns cmPm sh n\p
inn Ww?
Pn: GsXnepw sNdnb IpnIsf hnv
[\w A]lcnm Ahp in e`np
p. AXpt]mse \nsmWv InmXv?
Fsm ""Atm `hXn ssh _mex
]nXm`hXn a{Zx'' (a\p)
219
m\anm
bm _me\pw, m\w \ev Ip bm
]nXmhpw (hr \pw) Fp ]d b s Sp p.
_pn am m cmb hnZzm m \n fpsS he
bn s]SpIbn. _mekZricmb Am
\n Isf sIm b Sn p \nv cmPyw
in \evtIXp XsbmWv.
a: cmPmhpw {]PIfpw Fmw RfpsS
aX n em sW n Bcv Rv in
\evIm\mWv? As\ h hyhbpw hcs,
Atm CsXmwhnv thsd ]cn]mSnt\mn
smmw.
Pn: \n shdp tX bn cpv ]c [\w
[qSnpphtm. hnZym`ymkw sNbvXnv
Krl cpsS Ipn Isf ]Tn n n cp s n
\npw Ahpw {]tbmP\sts\.
ax _meyw apX acWw hscbp kIe
kpJfpw shSnv ]TnpI, A\ysc ]Tn
n , D] tZ in , CXp sIm smw
Rsp KpWw? CsXmpanmsX e
Wn\p cq] Rp Inpp. kpJambn
Ignbpp. CXp hnpIfbpItbm?
Pn: CXns êw No bm bn cn pw.
219. a\pkvarXn 2.53
220. {_nojv \mWb hyhbn cq]bvv 16 AWbpw
AWbvv 12 ss]kbpw BWv DmbncpXv. 16
Iebpw 12 AwiIebpsaYw.
299
\nv almtcmKw hcpp. thKw acnp
p. _pnamm \nnpp. ]nsbpsap
sImv a\nempn?
a: Fs ktlmZcm!
1. SIm [cvajvSIm Icva SImln ]caw ]Zav
bky Krtl SIm \mkvXn lm! SIm SISIm
b tX.
2. BWm AwiIemx t{]mm cqt]ymfku
`K hm kzbav , AXkv Xw kcv h Cn
cq]yw ln KpWhaav.
1. (SIm (Xpv) [aw, SIm Iaw. SImbmWv
]ca]Zw. BcpsS hon SImbn. Abm
lm! SISImsbv \w Xncnbpw) \o ].
temI Im cy f dn hn . Xpn msX [a an .
XpnmsX Iaan, XpnmsX ]ca]Z{]m
]vXnbn. hon ]Wansn, \hkvXp
Im l! Fs ssIbn Xpntm
Ftmv \w Xncnbpw.
2. Fmhcpw ]Xn\mdpIeIfp AZriy
\mb `Khmt\n ]dbpIbpw tIpIbpw
sNp p. Ahs\ ImWm t\ bn . Fm
]Xn \mdv AW Ifpw AXns Awi I e
Ifpw
220
D cq]bmWv kmm `Khm.
AXn\m Ghcpw cq]sb At\zjnpp.
Fm Imcyfpw knnpXv cq]sImm
W tm.
Pn: icnXs, \nfpsS DpIn shfn
hmbn. Cu Im]Syw ImpXpapgph kpJ
n \p th n bm Wv . Fm CXp sImv
temIn\p \mita Dmhq. ktXym]tZi
m temIn\p \bpmIptm Ak
tXym ] tZiw sImv \mita Dmhq .
\nv [\w aXnsbn ]WnsNbvtXm
hym]mcw sNbvtXm [\w kmZnpIqtS?
a: AXn\p ]cn{ianWw. \jvSw hcnIbpw
sNpw. CXn Rv \jvSw hcpItb
C. kZm em`w Xs em`w. Xpfknbnebnv
Xow \evIpw. ame sInsmSppw. injy
\m bn gn m Pw apgp h arK t
tmse ]WnsbSppw. \Sm\m{Klnpw]Sn
\Smw.
Pn: Ch \nn{Xbpw [\w Xcp
sX n \m Wv ?
a: [aw, kzKw, apn Fnhbvv.
Pn: \ntfm apc. apnsbsdn
hn. apn km[\sfspw Adnhn.
]ns \n fpsS injy msp Inm
\mWv ?
a: Cu temIn Inptam Ftm? C.
]ctemIn Inpw. Rp XcpXn\
\pkcnpw kevcnpXn\\pkcnpw ]c
temIv Inpw.
Pn: Xcphspw e`ns. hmp
\nv \cIat Inq?
a: R \nXyhpw `Pnpp. `Pnnp
p. CXns kpJw Rp Inpw.
Pn: \nfpsS `P\w Xpn\pthnbmWv.
CsXmw ChnSs InSpw. Cu Xontm
p ico chpw `kv a ambn ChnsS InS pw.
Cuizc `P\w sNbv Xm B ip n sb
nepw Inpw.
a: R AipcmtWm?
Pn: AIw apgph aen\amWv.
a: \nsfs\ Adnp?
Pn: \nfpsS \Spw {]hrnbpwsImv.
a: almmfpsS {]hrn B\pt]m
se bmWv . B\bv v Xnm\pw. shfn bn
ImWnm\pw shtsd ZfpXpt]mse,
BcnIambn R ]hn{XcmWv. ]pdtabp
Xv eoeam{Xw.
Pn: A Ita ip cm sW n ]pd tabpw
ipcmbncnpw. AXn\m \n AItabpw
aen\cmWv.
a: R sf t\ bp am Is, R fpsS
injym \hcmWv.
Pn: \n Kpcpmp tNham
hpw, injymcpw.
221. kXybpKn [an\p {][m\Xbpw IenbpK
n A[a n\v {]m[m \yhpw ]ucm Wn I
AwKoIcnpp. sFXtcb {_mWn ""Ienx
i bmt\m `hXn kwPn lm \kv Xp Zz m]cx
DnjvT t{XXm `hXn IrXw kw]ZytX Nc''
DdImc Ien DWp InSpXv Zzm]c.
DWp \nevpXv t{XXm. KXnioe IrXbpKw
Fp]dbpp. a\pjycpsS AhbmWnXv. Ia
ioe\mbncnpXv IrXbpKw AekX Ienbpw.
300
a: Hcp aXw am{Xw Hcn epw Dm
hpIbn. Fsm a\pjycpsS a\pjycpsS
KpWIa kz`mh `namWv.
Pn: _meymhbn HtcXcw inWw
\evIpIbpw kXy`mjWmZn [ {Kln
bpw anYym `mj WmZn A[a XyPn
bpw sNbvXm GIaXamIpsap \nbw.
cp aX AXm bXv [ amXv am
A[amm Fnh Fp apmbncp
p. Fpw D m bn cn p Ibpw sNpw.
Fm [amm A[nIhpw A[anI
Ipdhpw BsW n temI n kuJyw
hn pw. A[an I IqSp X em bm
ZpxJhpw. Fm hnZzmmcpw Htc coXnbnep]
tZ in m GI a X sa Xp k^ e am Im
henb hnfw_w hcnIbn.
IenbpKw
aXm: Cmew IenbpKamWv. kXy
bpKne Imcyw Fn\p ]dbpp?
Pnmkp: Ien bpKw Ime hm Nn bmWv .
Imew \njv{InbambXpsImv [am[a
fmNcnpXn km[Itam _m[Itam A.
]t \n IenbpKaqnIfpsS
221
cq]w
[cnncnbt? a\pjy kzbw kXybpKhpw
IenbpKhpw BImXncpsn temIn
[ammtfm A[anItfm DmhpIbnm
bn cp p . CsX mw kwkK Kp Wtam
tZmjtam BWv. kz`mhnIa.
C{Xbpw ]dnv Pnmkp B]vXs
ASppt]mbn. Xm Fs Dcnp. Am
bn cp s n Rm\pw GsX nepw he bn
s]v XIp t]mtbs\. taem Rm Cu
I] S aqn Itf JWv Un p Ibpw thtZm
amb kXyaXns aWvU\w sNpIbpw
sNmw.
B]vX: kXyns aU\hpw Ak
Xy ns JWv U \hpw sNbv Xv , ]Tn npw
tInpw ktXym ] tZ i m D] Imcw
sNtXv Fm a\pjycpsSbpw hntijnv
hnZzmmcpsSbpw kw\ymknamcpsSbpw I
hyamWv.
{_NmcnIfpw kw\ymknamcpw
tNmZyw: {_NmcnIfpw, kw\ymknamcpw
F{]Imcapv?
Dcw: Cu B{i b icn bm Wv .
Fm Cmev Chbnepw henb Ipg
fpv. F{Xtbm t] {_Nmcnsbv t]cnv
PSbpw apSnbpw hfn kncmbn P]hpw
]pc c W hpambn Ign bp p. hnZym `ymkw
sNpItbbn.hnZym`ymkw sNpXpsIm
mWv {_NmcnXzw e`npXv. {_n
thZnNcnpXn]TnpXn Hcp
]cn{iahpw sNpn. Acw {_Nmcn
I APKfkvX\wt]mse
222
{]tbmP\cln
XcmWv. AXpt]mseXsbmWv hnZymlo\
cmb kw\ymknI. ZWvUpw IaWvUephpw
FSpv `nmw tZ ln I fmbn Npp I b msX
thZamKns DXnpthn Hpw sNpI
bn . sNdp nXs kw\ym k sa Spv
\mSp Np pw. hnZym `ymkw \nn fbpw.
Ccw {_ Nm cn Ifpw kw\ym kn amcpw
Apanpw \Sv eXoinemhn{Klm
ZnI ]qPnbpw, Adnhpmbmepw au\nI
fmbn \S p Ibpw, GIm hm kw sNbv Xv
Cjv Swt]mse Xnpw IpSnpw CujymtZz
j fn apgpIn Dd nbpw, IptN jv S I
Imnbpw \m \opp. Imjmbhpw ZWvUpw
[cn XpsImv kz bw IrX Ir Xy cmbn ,
kthm Xv Ir jv S scp \Sn v bmsXmcp
kXvIahpw sNmsX \Sp {_Nmcn
Ifpw kw\ymknIfpw `qanbvp `mcwXsbm
Wv. PKns \bvmbn {]hnp
kw\ymknam Dam Xs.
tNmZyw: Kncn, ]pcn, `mcXn apX emb
tKmkmbnI \hct? Ah IqwtNv
\SpIbpw, \qpIWn\p kw\ymknIsf
B\nnpIbpw AssZzX{]Nmcw \Sp
Ibpw sNpp. Hsms ]TnpIbpw ]Tn
npIbpw sNppapv. AXn\m Ah
\ h ct?
Dcw: Cu ]pt]cpIfpw
223
]noSv
`mh\bn \npmnbXmWv. k\mX\a
222. [cv amcv YImatammWmw bsskytImf]n \ hnZytX,
APKf kvX\tkyh XkyP \nccvYIav (NmW
Iy\oXn 13.10)
223. ]pXcw k\ymknI XoY, B{ian, kckzXo,
]pco, `mcXoh\w, AcWyw, Kncn, ]hXw, kmKcw
301
AhcpsS aWv Ue (Iqw) shdpw `
Wn\pthnbpXmWv. hfsctcpw `
Wn\pthnbmWv aWvUenepsSp
Xv. Uw`phcmbXn\m Hcmfns\ alm
pp. kyv {][m\nbmb alv knwlm
k \ n en cn p p. ap {_m W mcpw
kw\ymknIfpw ssIIfn ]pjv]hpambn \nv
""\mcmbWw ]Zv a`hw hknjv Tw inwN
XXv]p{X]cmicwN hymkw ipIw KuU]Zw
alm'' sapw apw sNmn ""lclc'' hnfnv
]pjv ] anv kmjv SmwKw \akv I cn p p.
As\ sNmhv AhnsS m\an.
Cu Uw`p ImpXv {]Zi\n\mWv. CXp
sImv BfpI _lpam\npIbpw [\w In
pIbpw thWw.
F{Xtbm aTm[n]m Krlnencpv
kw\ymknIfmsWp \Snpp. Hcp {]hr
nbpw sNpIbn. kw\ymknbpsS I
sfn Amw kapmkn hnhcnnpv.
Ah sNmsX shdptX kabw ]mgmpp.
kZp]tZiw sNphtcmSpw hntcm[w {]I
Snnpp. Ch anhcpw `kvacp{Zm
[cn p Ibpw Nn e ssih cm sWv A`n am
\npIbpw sNpp.
imkv {Xmw (im kv {Xo b hm Z {] Xn hm
Zw)\Sptm imcaXs A\pIqenp
Ibpw N{ImnXmZn aXsf JWvUnpIbpw
sNpp. thZamKns DXnp bXv\n
pItbm A\mNmcsf FXnpXn\p
{ianpItbm sNpn. Cu kw\ymknam,
JWvU\aWvU\ {]tbmP\{]Zasp
IcpXpp. R almmfmWv FmWv
`mhw. C c mcpw `qanp `mc am Wv . Cu
nXn hXpsImmWv thZamhntcm[n
I fmb hma amKmZn k{ Zm b fp w
{InkvXy, apow, ssP\mZnIfpw hnXpw
hnpsImncnpXpw, thZamKw \in
pXpw. Fnpw ChcpsS Ip Xpdpn
. ]tcm]Imc _pnbpw, Ihy I
sNpXn\v DmlhpanmsXs\ Xpdp
hm\mWv? BmcqsS _lpam\w, `W
{]nbw FnhbmWv ChphepXv. temI\n
sb Ch hfsc `bsSpp. temssIjW=
P\fpsS BZchv B{KlnpI, hnss
jW = [\n\m{KlnpI. ]pss{XjW =
]p{Xmcnsehw injymcn tamlap
mIpI. Fo aqp GjW (B{Klw)bpw
XyPn msX F s\ bmWv kw\ymkw
kmIamIpXv? ]]mXanmsX thtZm
] tZiw sNbv Xv temtIm ] Im c n \p thn
cm] I Z { i cm bn cn p h ct{ X
bYm kw\ymknI. Ah\hs ISaI
\ndthmsX kw\ymknsbp apw t]cv [cn
pXv hyamWv. AYhm Krlm
kzmknnpthn ]cn{ianpXnepw
A[nIw Xmev]cytmsS kw\ymknam ]tcm
]Imc \ncXcmbncpmepw Fm B{iafpw
A`nhrnsb {]m]npXmWv.
kw\ymknamtcmSv
t\mq! \nfpsS Iapnet A\m
NmcPSneamb aX s]cpIpXv? At\I
{Inkv Xym \n Ifpw apk am m cp am Ip p v .
\nv kzbw cnpXnt\m, aphsc
Iqn tNpXnt\m Ignhn. B{Kln
snet Ign hp mhq? Cpw `mhn Im
epw DXnsb emmn {]hnmXn
cp m Bcym h n\pw CX c tZ i
pw A`nhrnbpmIbn. A`nhrnp
\nZm \ amb thZ im kv {Xm Zn I fpsS ]T \hpw
]mT\hpw, {_NcymZn B{iafpsS A\p
jvTm\hpw ktXym]tZihpw sNmsX tZi
n\v Db DmhpIbn.
224
Pm{KXbm
bncnpI. At\Iw k\ymknam Ih
Smsctmse ]p{XZm\w sNm knnbp
spw apw ]dv BfpIsf hnizknn
pp. AhcpsS ASpv At\Iw kv{XoI
Hp IqSn sXmgp Xv ]p{X em ` ap m Im
{]mn p p. kw\ymkn ]p{X em ` ap m
Is Fv Bin h Zn p p . Ah cn
emm\pw ]p{X \p m bm Biohm Z
ns in\nanamWsXv hnizknp
p. ]npw, ]npw IgpXbvpw ]nStm
gnpw apw IppIpnIfpmIpXv GXp
224. thZm Zn I f `y kn p Xp \n tm knm
m\w CmXmbn. knmm\w CmXmb
tm kXym k Xy \nW bn m Ign hn
msX GXkw_hpw icnhbvm \n_n
Xcmbn. Iuiemv Iimembn. Cu Zpch
amp hm bXv \n t hXs A ] c c
Iv AXbntev hgn Impp Fp Xmev]
cyw.
302
kw\ymkn BinhZnnmsWv tNmZnm
Dcw appw. Poh \evIm Ignhph
kzbw acnpsXs\?
ambm Pmew cNnv _pn am m sc tmepw
shn hogvp t]mncnIfpv. [\kmcn
bnse Ihm DZmlcWw. Ah Atm
Gtgm t]tNv kwLambn Zqcefn
se p p. Ah cn BIj Wo b X bp
Bfns\ kn\mpp. [\mVycp GsX
nepw {Kmanstbm ]Wnstbm kao
]ap hnP\ev XmhfaSnpp. Ch
cpsS Zm f m Bfp Isf kao ]nv ""C
kns\ ChnsSm\pw Itm?'' Fp tNmZn
pw. GXp kn? Fs\bp kn?
Fpw apw BfpI tNmZnptm Zm
]dbpw: ""alm kn ]p cpj \mWv . a\ kn
ImWpXp Ctmp tNmZnpw. hmsImp
]dm Imcyw \SXpXs''. ""almtbm
KnbmWv Hp Ism \mSpw hoSpw hnv
Cd n n cn XmWv R. Ctmp
t]mn p sp tIp.'' Bfp I ]dbpw:
""kns\ Isnbm Rsfbpw Adn
bnWw. Zi\w Ignmw. ]eXpw tNmZndnbm
atm''? Cs\ AhnsSmw \Sv {]NcWw
\Spw. HmtcmcptcmSpw kns Imcyw
]dbpw. kybvv kn\pw Zmfmcpw Hp
IqSpw. Xnp IpSnv Dd pw. aqp \mep
Znhkw Cu ]cn]mSn XpScpw. ]noSv GsX
nepw [\mVys\ kao]nv ""kns\ Ip.
\nv ImWsan hcq.'' Fp Wn
pw. ]pdsSpp Fp Im X{]qw
FmW`nemjsap tNmZnpw. ]p{Xem`w,
[\em`w, tcmK\nhmcWw, i{Xp\miw Fn
s\ GsXnepw Hmbncnpw. AXdnp
shbvpw. CXv kns\ AdnbnpXv Nne
\nnX ASbmf sImmWv. [t\bp
hsc CSXphipw, ]p{Xem`w Cnp
hsc aphipw, tcmKimn thhsc he
Xp h i pw, i{Xp \miw B{K ln p hsc
]n`mKpw sImpsNncppw. kns\
\a kv I cn p tm Xs Xs knXzw
shfn hm n smv D n ]d bpw:
""Fm? \mw ChnsS ]p{Xs\ hncnptm?
\o ]p{X\pthn hncnpXpsImv tNmZn
XmWv .'' CXp t]mse [t\ bp h t\mSv
""Fm \mw aSnoe \ndv hncnptm?
]W n\p hn cn pp! kw\ym kn bpsS
] [\w FhnsS\np hcpw''. tcmKntbmSp
tNmZnpw ""\mw sshZyt\m tl! \o Zo\w
amm Ctmtm? GsXnepw sshZycpsS
ASppsNv?'' AbmfpsS _pfn s]
h cm sc n ep amWv tcmKn sb n AXn\v
{]tXyIw ASbmfw DmIpw. A\mWv tcmK
sa n s]cp hn cepw, A bv m sW n
Nqphncepw, ktlmZc\msWn \Sphnc
epw, `mcymsWn tamXnchncepw, Ipp
msWn sNdphncepw. A\nmpw.
AXp Iv kn, At\m Abv tm
ktlmZct\m `mcybvtm, ]p{Xnbvtm tcmK
amWv At? Fp tNmZnpw. Atm Ah
scmw kn\n AXnbmbn hnizknpw. Zm
fm ]dbpw ""Fs\bncnpp? \mw ]d
Xpt]mse Xsbt?''
Krl: AtXbtX, \n ]dXp
t]mse Xs. henb D]Imcw. \psS `mKy
n\mWv Cu almmhns\ IXv. R
Zi\w Ignv IrXmcmbn.
Zm: tIq ktlmZcm! Cu almmhv
a\n\\pkcnv {]hnpw. ChnsS A[n
I\m Xpsap tXmpn. Biohm
Ztam atm hmWsan Ctls a\
p sImpw ico cw sImpw [\w sImpw
th hw tkhn p I. tkh \w sIm t
tkh\w e`nq? BtcmSmWv {]kmZnpI
sbv Bdnbmw. Fp hchpw \evInf
bpw {]kmZnm. knmcpsS a\]mcw
Xs.'' Ccw kvXpXnhN\ tIp
tm kns\ kvXpXnpsImv Krl
m hontev t]mIpw Zmfmcpw IqsSs
pw. Bcpw ]qp ]pd m m Xn cn m \mWv
CXv . Ah cpsS an{X sf bm sc sb nepw
Im Ah tcmSpw kn s\ n {]iw kn
pw. Cs\ Zm f m cpsS IqsS tm Ip
hcpw Ah cpsS A\p ` h ap h tcmSp
]dbpw CbnSv Hcp henb kn hn
psv \Kcn ]mmIptm Htsdbm
fp I D h e s p Xp t]mse
AhnsS ]mspIbmbn. Xncp hnv
225. hrNmWIy 11,12.
303
]ecp w Htc kabw kn s ASp p
sNptm ]gb]Sn Dcw \evIm hnj
an pw. Atm kn ""Fm h cpw IqSn
Fs D]{ZhncpXv'' Fp ]dv au\w
`Pnpw. DSs\ Zmfm ""FmhcpwIqSn D]
{Zhnm Atlw ew hnpt]mIpw.'' Fpw
apw ]d bp hm XpS p p. Ah cns
henb [\hmm Zmfmsc hnfnv, R
fpsS a\nep Imcyw ]dbpsan hniz
knmsap ]dbpw. Atm Zmfm tNm
Zndnv Ahsc sImpt]mbn app ]d
\nnjv S m\ fn Ccp pw. kn
Imcyw a\nemn {]hN\w \Spw. AXp
tIv AhnsS IqSn bn cn p hcpw kns\
{]Ion p I bm bn. ]gw, a[p c ] e lmcw,
hkv {Xw, ]Ww Fn s\ hnhn[ km[ \
BfpIfn\np ssIempp. Bfp
IfpsS hnizmkw \ne\nevpthmfw CXp XpS
cpp. Ip]qn hnizknphv ]p{XZm
\hpw `kvaw \evIepw apw XpScpw. Bbnc
W n\v cq] hmn bnv ]dbpw ""kXy amb
`nbptm, ]p{X P\npw.'"
cmamKw
Cs\ sIm m \nc h[n Xc n ep
v. hnZzmammsX ampw Chsc ]co
ndnbm BhpIbn. thZmZnhnZyI ]Tn
p Ibpw kwKw sNp Ibpw sN bv Xm
am{Xta kzbw hebn hogmXncnpXn\pw
A\ysc cn p Xn\pw Ign bp I bp q.
Fsm AdnhmWv a\pjys Iv. hnZy
bnmsX AdnhpmIbn. _meymhapX
Daamb inWw e`npbm am{Xta
hnZzm \m hq. No Iq p sI n s]Sp h
ZpjvS\pw , ]m]nbpw, almaqV\pambn henb
226. kzmbw`qha\phns ]p{X CzmI apX `mcX
bpImew hsc GItZiw 100 Xeapdbpv . kwkv Ir
XhymIcW \nba{]Imcw ]nXr\man\nv ]p{X
]u{XmcpsS t]cv ]dbp {]Xyb \nanw
Cu ]ccbpsS {Iaw aqp\mep efnsem
gnsI Fpw sXnsbp ]dbpI Akm[yamWv.
AXn\m `mcXob Ncn{Xns ImeKW\bn
hntijm Kth,Ww \StXmWv .
227. G.Un. 172425, 188182 FnhbmWv ]cmainXamb
hn{Iam_v Z. amKiojw P\phcn s^{_phcn.
228. CXv ]conns BbpjvImeamWv `cnXv 24
hjamsWv ]WvUnv `Khv.
ZpxJ fp ` hn p p. AXp sIm mWv ""
m\nbt{X _lpam\y'' Fv ]dbp
Xpw.
\thn tbm bky KpW{]Icvjw, kX
ky\nmw kXXw ItcmXn bYm IncmXo Icn
Ipw ` PmXm apmx ]cn XyPy _n`cv Xn
KpRvPmx
225
Fsmcp Ihn ]mSnbnpv. Hcphs KpW
Adnbmh, Ahs\ \nccw \nn
pp. Immfn, B\bpsS akvXInse
appIfpt]nv Ipnpcpame [cnp
Xpt]mse, hnZzm\pw m\nbpw [anjvT\pw
kXv]pcpj kwKaph\pw, tbmKnbpw ]pcp
jmnbpw, PntX {nb\pw, kpio e \p amb
B am{Xta [amY Imatam {]m
]nv Cu Pnepw ]cPnepw B\n
pIbpq.
D]kwlmcw
Bcymhnse aXaXmcsfn
Npcpn ]dp Ign p. C\n sb gp Xp
Acymhob cmPmmcpsS Ncn{Xw Fm
k\fpsSbpw Adnhn\mbn {]Iminnp
IbmWv. bp[njvTnc almcmPmhpapX bi
]m e a lm cm Pm hp h sc bp Acym hob
cmPmmcpsS Ncn{XamWnXnepXv. kzmbw
`ph a\p
226
apX bp[njvTnc almcmPmhp
hc bphcpsS Ncn{Xw alm `m c Xm Zn I fn
Fgp Xn bn p v . IqSmsX C\n ]d bp Xn
\nv k\v ChnSs Ncn{Xsf
n Hv Adnbm IgnbpXmWv.
Cu hnjbw cmP]pmWbn tahm cmPy
nse DZbqcnep NntmKVn\np
]pdsncpsXv Fmhp adnbmhp
"hnZymn' IqSn t "lcn { N {nI',
"taml\N{nI' Fo ]mnI ]{XnIIfn
{]knsSpnbncpXn \nv Dcnp
XmWv. CXpt]mse \psS Bcyk\
, Ncn{Xhpw CXc hnZym{Kfpw Kth
jWw sNbvXp Isn {]Iminnm tZi
n\p henb {]tbmP\apmIpw. B ]{Xn
IbpsS ]{Xm[n] Xs kvt\lnX\n\np
e`nXpw hn{Iam_vZw 1782
227
FgpXnbXp
amb Hcp {Kn\np kamlcnv hn{I
am_vZw 1939 amKiojnse cp e
304
cmPmhv hjw amkw Znhkw
1. bp[njvTnc 36 8 25
2. ]cnnv 60 0 0
228
3. P\taPb 84 7 23
4. Aizta[ 82 8 22
5. ZznXobcma 88 2 8
6. O{Xae 81 11 27
7. Nn{XcY 75 3 18
8. ZpjvSssiey 75 10 24
9. D{Ktk\ 78 7 21
10. iqctk\ 78 7 21
11. `ph\]Xn 69 5 5
12. cWPnXv 65 10 4
13. EjI 64 7 4
14. kpJtZh 62 0 24
15. \clcntZh 51 10 2
16. kqNncY 42 11 2
17. iqctk\(2) 58 10 8
18. ]hXtk\ 55 8 10
19. ta[mho 52 10 10
20. tkm\Noc 50 8 21
21. òatZh 47 9 20
22. \rlcntZh 45 11 23
23. ]qWae 44 8 7
24. IZho 44 10 8
25. AewanI 50 11 8
26. DZb]me 38 9 0
27. `ph\ae 40 10 26
28. ZamX 32 0 0
29. òa]me 58 5 8
30. taI 48 11 21
ta Is {][m \ a {n bm bn cp hn{i hkv
taIs\ sImv cmPmhmbn. hn{ihkns 14
Xeapd 500 hjhpw 3 amkhpw 17 Znhkhpw `cn
Xns ]nI:
1 hn{ihkv 17 3 29
2 ]pctk\n 42 8 21
3 hoctk\n 52 10 7
4 A\MvKimbn 47 8 23
5 lcnPnXv 35 9 17
6 ]catk\n 44 2 23
fnembn {]IminnXpamWv Cu ]nI.
Bcymhnse cmPhwimhen
C{{]n Bcyhwiw bi]mecmPm
hns Imewhsc cmPyw `cnp. AXn {ioa
bp[njvTnc almcmPmhp apX bi]mecmPm
hp hsc Xe ap d bmbn 124 cmPm m4157
hjhpw 9 amkhpw 24 Znh khpw hmsW
\pam\nmw. AXns ]nIbp[njvTnc alm
cmPmhns hwiw 30 Xeapd, 1770 hjw 11
amkw 10 Znhkw Fv A\pam\w. AXns
hni Zmw iwx
305
9 kpJ]mXmf 30 2 21
8 I{ZpX 42 9 24
9 k 32 2 14
10 AacNqU 27 3 16
11 Aao]me 22 11 25
12 ZicY 25 4 12
13 hockme 31 8 11
14 hockmetk\ 40 0 14
hockmetk\s {][m\a{n hocalkv hoc
kmetk\ cmPmhns\ h[nv cmPyw ssIem
n. 16 XeapdIfmbn 445 hjw 5 amkw 3 Znhkw
`cnp. AXns ]nI:
1 hocalkv 35 10 8
2 APnXknwl 27 7 19
3 khZ 28 3 10
4 `ph\]Xn 15 4 10
5 hoctk\ 21 2 13
6 alo]me 40 8 7
7 i{Xpime 26 4 3
8 kwLcmP 17 2 10
9 tXP]me 28 11 10
10 amWnIyN{ 37 7 21
11 Imatk\n 42 5 10
12 i{Xpa\ 8 11 13
13 Poh\temI 28 9 17
14 lcncmh 26 10 29
15 hoctk\ (2) 35 2 20
16 BZnXytIXp 23 11 13
aK[bnse BZnXytIXp cmPmhns\ {]bmK
bnse [c F cmPmhv h[nv cmPy`cWw
XpSn. 9 XeapdIfmbn 374 hjw 11 amkw 26
Znhkw `cnp. AXns hnhcWw:
1 [c 42 7 24
2 aljn 41 2 29
3 k\co 50 10 19
4 almbp 30 3 8
5 Zpc\mY 28 5 25
6 Poh\cmP 45 2 5
7 cp{Ztk\ 47 4 28
8 BcoeI 52 10 8
9 cmP]me 36 0 0
cmP]mes\ kma\mb alm]me h[nv
Hcp Xeapdbn 14 hjw am{Xw `cnp. alm]m
es\ AhnIbnse (Dss\n) hn{IamZnXy
cmPmhv A{Ianp h[nv 1 Xeapdbn 39 hjw
am{Xw `cnp. hn{IamZnXys\ imenhml\s Hcp
amSnbmb ss]TWnse kap{Z]metbmKn
h[nv cmPyw ssIbSn. 16 XeapdIfn 372 hjw
4 amkw 27 Znhkw `cnp. hnhcWw:
1 kap{Z]me 54 2 20
2 N{]me 36 5 4
3 klmb]me 11 4 11
4 tZh]me 27 1 28
5 \cknwl]me 18 0 20
6 kma]me 27 1 17
7 cLp]me 22 3 25
8 tKmhn]me 27 1 17
9 AarX]me 36 10 13
10 _eo]me 12 5 27
11 alo]me 13 8 4
12 lco]me 14 8 4
13 kok]me 11 10 13
14 aZ\]me 17 10 19
15 Ia]me 16 2 2
16 hn{Ia]me 24 11 13
hn{Ia]mecmPmhv ]natZinse aepJvNv
t_m{lm F cmPmhns\ B{Ianp bpn
aep Jv N v , hn{I a ]m es\ h[nv C{ {]
nse cmPmhmbn. 10 XeapdIfn 191 hjhpw
1 amkhpw 16 Znhkhpw `cnp. CXns hniZmw
i:
1 aepJvNv 54 2 10
2 hn{IaNv 12 7 12
3 AaoNv 10 0 5
4 cmaNv 13 11 8
5 lcoNv 14 9 24
6 IymWNv 10 5 4
7 òaNv 16 2 9
8 temhNv 26 3 22
9 tKmhnNv 31 7 12
10 dmWn ]mhXn 1 0 0
dmWn ]mhXnv km\anmbncpp. Ah
acnp. Atm a{namscmw IqSntv lcn
t{] a ssh cm Knsb knwlm k \m cq V \m n hv
a{nam `cWamcw`np. 4 XeapdIfnembn 50
hjhpw 21 Znhkhpw `cnp. AXns\bmWv:
1 lcnt{]a 7 5 16
2 tKmhnt{]a 20 2 8
3 tKm]met{]a 15 7 28
4 alm_mlp 6 8 29
alm_mlp cmPyw XyPnv X]psNm h\
n t]mbn. CXv _wKmfnse cmPmhmb B[o
tk\ Adnv C{{]nsen cmPmhm
306
bn. CXn 12 Xeapd 151 hjhpw 11 amkhpw 2
Znhkhpw cmPyw `cnp. hnhcWw:
1 B[otk\ 18 5 21
2 hnemhetk 12 4 2
3 tIihtk\ 15 7 12
4 amLtk\ 12 4 2
5 abqctk\ 20 11 27
6 òatk\ 5 10 9
7 IymWtk\ 4 8 21
8 lcntk\ 12 0 25
9 tatk\ 8 11 15
10 \mcmbWtk\1 2 2 29
11 evaotk\ 26 10 0
12 ZmtamZctk\ 11 5 19
ZmtamZctk\ Xs amSnIsf hfsc Ivtfin
n p. Ah cn Hcm fmb Zo] knw l am Sn
ssk\ys Iqn bpw sNbv Xv cmPm hns\
sImv knwlmk\w ssIbSn. 6 Xeapdbn
107 hjw 6 amkw 22 Znhkw `cnp. hnhcWw:
1 Zo]knwl 17 1 26
2 cmPknwl 14 5 0
3 cWknwl 9 8 11
4 \cknwl 45 0 15
5 lcnknwl 13 2 29
6 Poh\knwl 8 0 1
Poh \ knw l Ftm Imcy n\v Xs
ssk\ys apgph hStmbp. CXdn
sshcmScmPmhmb ]rYzocmPv Nlzm Poh\knw
ls\ B{Ianp h[nv C{{] cmPmhmbn 5
Xeapdbn 86 hjw 20 Znhkw cmPyw `cnp.
hnhcWw:
1 ]rYzocmPv 12 2 19
2 A`b]me 14 5 17
3 ZpP\]me 11 4 14
4 DZb]me 11 7 3
5 bi]me 36 4 27
bi]me cmPmhns\

232
ilm_po Kudn
F Kkv \n kpm B{Ianp IogSn
{]bmKbnse Hcp tImbn _\\mn.
CXv hn{Iam_vZw 1249 embncpp

228
. ]noSv
C{ { ] n Zn n bn ilm _p o
kpm `cWamcw`np. 53 XeapdI 754
hjw 1 amkw 17 Znhkw `cnp. CXv Ncn{X]p
kvXIfn ]eXnepw hnkvXcnsgpXnbnpv.
AXn\m ChnsS FgpXpn.
229. hn{Ia]mes ]qhnI\mb kap{Z]me, kap{Z
Kp]vX\mbncpsv ]WvUnXv `Khv kap{ZKp
]vX, N{Kp]vX, tZhKp]vX (kvIKp]vX)
Fn s\ ]me Fn Sv "Kp]v X' ]Zw
tNpp. Cuhwimhen A\pkcnv kap{Z]m
e B{bnse imenhml\s kma\mbncp
p. Kp]vXmv "B{`rXy' sc ]cymb\m
ahpw Dv.
230. tKmhnNns `mcy
231. Ncn{X]pkvXIfn ]rYzncmPns\ ilm_po
tKmdn ]eXhW B{Ianp ]cmPbsv Xncnp
t]msbpw 1249mw hn{Iam_vZn, Xn
pImcWw tXm]nv A\mn sImpt]m
sbpw tKmdn Znn kpm\msbpw ImWmw.
apK cmPyw 45 Xeapdbn 613 hjw \ne\np.
Cu ASnpdnv aqe{Knenm. 5mw ]Xnn
]WvUnXv teJvdmw FgpXn tNXmImw. Cu
]nI Xsbpw aljnbpsSX Fv t\cs
Atlw FgpXnbnpv.
232. ]rYzncmPs\ KudnbmWv tXmev]nsXv Ncn{Xw.
CXv hn{Iam_vZw 1249 (1172 G.Un.) emWv.
233. ChnsS asmcp sXpIqSn {intXmbpv. Ien
hcw bp[njvTncs `cWmyn {ioIrjvW
kzKm tcm lW tij am W cw `n p Xv . hn{I
am_vZw Ien 3044 \p tijamWcw`nXv. CXv `mc
Xob KWnXimkv{Xn khkXamWv. Ien
3044 t\mSv hn{Iam_vZw 1249 tNm 4293 hj
amIpw. ]nIbpsS Bcw`n 124 cmPmmcpsS
Imew 4157 hjw 9 amkw 14 Znhkw Fp ]dbp
pv. Cu 4157 hjw 9 amkw 14 Znhkn\nv
bp[njvTncs `cWImeamb 36 hjw 8 amkw 25
Znhkw Ipdm 4121 hjw 19 Znhkw _mn
hcpw. hn{Iam_vZw 1249 hsc Ien 4293 hjam
Ipw. ]d hwimhen {]Imcw amkZnhk
hnm 172 hjns Acw hcpw. AXmbXv
Cu hwimhen Xopw icnb. Xncp thW
saYw. AXp ap hwimhenI e`nm am{Xw
km[npXpamWv.
234. ChnsS \nbambpw sXpv. hn{Iam_vZw 1249
t\mSv 754 hjw Iqnbm 2003 hn{Iam_vZamIpw.
CwojpIm 1803 G.Un.bn (hn{Iam_vZw 1860)
Znnbn A[nImcapdnp. ]noSv apK `cWw
\maam{Xambncpp. G.Un. 1857 (hn{Iam_vZw
1914) CwojpIm ]qWamb A[nImcw m]n
p. AXn\m ChnsSbpw Gsdpsd 100125 hj
ns hyXymkw hcppv.
C\n _ussP\ aXsfn FgpXmw.
{ioabm\ kckzXokzmanI cNn
kXymY{]Iminse Bcymhob
aXaXmcsf J\a\w
sNp ]Xns\mmw
kapmkw kam]vXw.
228. CXv ]conns BbpjvmeamWv. `cnXv
24 hjamsWv ]WvUnXv `Khv.
Dcmw
A\p`qanI cv
Bcymhnse a\pjycn \nv kXym
kXysf hmkvXhambn \nWbnnpXn
\pXIp thZhnZy Hgnv, AhnZy ]cv, aX
a Xm c Dm b XmWv ssP\mZn hnZym
hncp aXfpsS {]Nmcn\p \nanambXv.
hmevaoIncmambWntem alm`mcXntem
ssP\nIsfn \maam{Xambntmepw FgpXnbn
n. ssP\nIfpsS {Kfn hmevaoIncmam
b W nepw alm `m c X nepw hWn n p
cmasbpw IrjvWsbpw apw IYI hfsc
hnkv X cnp hWn n p v . Cu aX ns
Dhw Ahbvp tijamsWv CXv sXfnbn
pp. XfpsS aXw hfsc ]pcmX\amsWv
ssP\nI ]dbpXv icnbmsWn, hmevao
In cm a b W nepw apw Ah cpsS IY I
Ahiyw Dmbncptt\. AXn\m ssP\aXw
Cu {Kp tijapmbXmWv.
ssP\ {K fnse IY I FSp mWv
hmevaoIn cmambWhpw, ap {Kfpw Fgp
Xn b sXv Bs nepw ]d bm hp Xm Wv .
\nfpsS {KfpsS t]cpt]mepw AXnen
msXmsWpw \nfpsS {Kfn
D sX m sWpw Ah tcmSp tNmZn Ww.
]nXmhns Pw ]p{X\p ImWm\mIptam? Hcn
epan. ssP\ _uaX ssihimZn
aXp tijw DmbXmsWt{X CXn
\np knnpXv.
Cu 12mw kapmkn ssP\aXsn
Fgp Xn bn p sXmw Ah cpsS {K sf
Bkv ] Z am n bmWv . CXv Iv ssP\n I
sNmSn cp Xv . Ch cpsS aX sn \mw
FgpXnbsXmw kXym kXy \nW b n\p
thnbmWv. hntcm[npXnt\m lm\nbpm
pXnt\m thnb.
Cu teJ\w ssP\tcm, _utcm amscn
ep tam Im Fm hp w kXyhp w
AkXyhpw \nW bn p Xn \p thn Nnn
m\pw FgpXm\pw kabw e`nbpw Imcyw
t_m[nbpw sNpw. hmZnbpw {]XnhmZnbpambn
{]oXntbmsS hmZn p Itbm Fgp Xp Itbm
sNmsX kXym kXy \nbw km[y a .
hnZzm mv kXy taXv Ak Xy taXv Fp
\n b an msX hm ]ns hnZzm m c m
hv alm Im c n s]p g
epIbmsX hgnbn. AXn\m kXyns
Pbw Ak Xy ns bw Fn h bv mbn
ssa{XntbmsS hmZnbpw FgpXpIbpw sNt
Xv a\pjyPmXnbns \psS apJy Ia
am Wv . As\ sNbv Xn s n a\p jy cpsS
DXn Hcnepw DmhpIbn.
_u ssP\ aX sfn bp Cu
teJ\w Ahp am{Xa, CXc aXpw
em`{]Zhpw t_m[ZmbIhpw Bbncnpw. Fs
m Ch AhcpsS aX{K FgpXmt\m,
hmbn m t\m, ]Tn mt\m A\y a X p
\evIpn. Fsbpw, t_mws_ BcykamP
ns ImcyZin tkTv tkhIvem IrjvW
Zm kn sbpw h]cn {iaw sImmWv {K
e`yambXv. Iminbnse "ssP\{]`mIc'
b{mebnse {]Imi\fpw t_mws_bn
ASn "{]IcW cXv\mIcw" F {Khpw
\nanw Fmhpw ssP\aXtn Aev]
sams Adn bp hm {]bm k an m Xm bn p v .
kzw aXnse {K X\ntb t\mp
Xpw, CXc aXsc ImWnmXncnpXpw
A\ycptSXv t\mmXncnpXpw Fp hnZz
amsWdnhn! ""Cu {Kfn Akw`hy
Imcyfpv. amcm\pw Ipt]mbm JWvUn
pw. A\y aXmcpsS {K \psS aX
m Ipt]mbm \psS aXn {i
Ipdbpw.'' Fns\ Cu {Kfpmnb
h inncnWw.
FpamIs! kzw tZmj ImWm
hcpw A\ycpsS tZmjfn hfsc Dmlap
hcpamb At\Iw a\pjycpv. CXv \ymba
. kzw tZmj Iv ZqcoIcn tijw
A\y cpsS tZmj ImWm ]pd s Sm hq.
_u ssP\aX hnjb Fm k\
fp sSbpw apmsI Ah X cn n p p. kzbw
kXyw IspI.
_pnammtcmSv
CXntesdsbsgpXnbdnbnm!
307
kXym{]Imiw ]{mw kapmkw
NmhmIaXw
thZ fnepw Cuiz c \nepw bmZn
Da Iafnepw hnizmkanm _rl
kv ]Xn Fp t]cmb Hcm Dm bn cp p.
Atlns aXw t\mnbmepw:
bmh ohw kp Jw Pothmkv Xn
artXymctKmNcx, `kvao`qXky tZlky ]p\
cmKa\w IpXx.
1
a\pjycpw ap PohnIfpsampw arXyphn\v
AtKmNcf. AXmbXv Fmhcpw acnp
saw. AXn\m icocap{Xbpw Imew
kpJambn IgnbWw. [amNcWw IjvSXtb
dnbXmsWnepw [aw shSnp Pohnm
]p\n almZpcnXapmIpsap ]d
m NmhmI Cs\ Dcw ]dbpw:
""]mhw a\pjytc! acWtijw icocw `kva
amIpw. Xnpw IpSnpw Pohnbm hopw
temIn hcpn''. AXn\m Ignbp
{Xbpw B\npI. temIn \oXn ]qw
\SpI, sFizcyw hnnpI, CjvSap
kpJsamw A\p`hnpI. Cu temItabpq,
]ctemIan FdnbpI.''
""]rYzn, Pew, An, hmbp Fo \mep `qX
]cnWanmWv icocapmbXv. CXn
ChbpsS kwtbmKw \nanw ssNX\yw Dm
Ipp. amZIhkvXp `nm elcnbp
mIpXpt]mse
2
Poh icoctmSpIqSn
Dmbn. AXns \mitmSpIqSn kzbw Cm
Xm Ip p. ]nmmWv ]m] ]p Wy fpsS
êw e`npXv?
""Xss X\y hnin jv S tZl Gh Bm,
tZlm Xn cn B\n {]am Wm`m hmXv .''
3
Cu icocn \mep `qXfpsS kwtbmK
m Dm Ip Pohm mhv Ah bpsS
hntbmKn \inpp. Fsm acn
Xn\p tijw Bmhv {]Xya. R
{]Xy{]amWs am{Xta hIhbvpp
q.
4
{]Xy an s n A\p am \m Zn I
KuWambXn\m Ahsb kzoIcnpn.
kpcnbpsS BenwK\m B\e_v[nbp
mIpXv ]pcpjmns êamWv.
5
12
]{mw kapmkw
kXym{]Imiw
_u ssP\ aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
C\n \mkvXnIaXn NmhmIw, _u ssP\ aX JWvU\ aWvU\ hnjbw hymJym
\nmw.
1. Cu kapmknse NmhmI_uaX {]amW
kmbWmNmcyIrXyamb khZi\ kw{Kl
n \ns Sp Xm Wv . Cu aX sf n bp
]pkvXI Av e`yambncpn. ssP\aX N
bnepw khZikw{Klw D]tbmKnnpv . CXv
hmkptZh imkv{Xn A`y FgpXnb SnWntbmSp
IqSn 1924 {]knoIcn khZi\ kw{Kln
NmhmI Zi\w t]Pv 2 Dv. C\n SnWnbn
\Ip t]Pv \ CXnteXmWv.
2. X{X ]rYnhymZo\ `qXm\n NXzmcnXzm\n. tX`y
Fh tZlmImc ]cnWtX`yx InWzmZnt`ym aZin
hssX\yap]PmbtX. tXjp hn\jvtSjp kp
kzbw hn\iyXn (Nm. Z. t]Pv 2)
3. N.Z. 6. t]Pv
4. {]XyssI {]amWhmZnXbm f \pam\mtZc\MvKo
ImtcW {]mamWym`mhmXv. (Sn t]Pv 3)
5. AwK\mZym enwKP\yw kpJtah ]pcpjmcvY (Sn)
308
Dcw: ]rYnhn apXemb `qXsfmw
PU am Wv . AXn\nv tNX\w Hcn epw
Dm hp I bn . Ctm amXm ]n Xm fpsS
kwtbmKn \nv tZtlmXv]n DmIp
Xpt]mse krjvSnbpsS XpSn a\p
jy cp tSbpw apw ico cm IrXn, Im hmb
Cuizc\nmsX kw`hnptXbn. elcn
bptSXpt]mseb tNX\ns DXv]nbpw
hn\mihpw kw`hnpXv. Fsm elcn
DmIpXv tNX\n\mWv PUn\.
6
]Ymw \jvSw
7
AZrjvSw BIpw,
Fm Hcnepw Hnsbpw A`mhw Dm
Ipn.
8
C{]Imcw AZriyamIpXpsImv
Pohs A`mhw Dsv AwKoIcncpXv.
tZltmSp IqSnbncnptm Pohmmhv
{]ISo ` hn p p. icocw XyPn p tm
icocw arXamIpIbpw apv tNX\ambncp
Xpt]mse BImXncnpIbpw sNpp. CXv
_rlZmcWyIn ]dnpv ""\mlw
tamlw {_hoan A\p nn [cv am b am
tXn.
9
bm h ev Iy ]d bp p: tl
ssat{Xbn Rm taml m e ]d bp Xv .
Fm Bmhv Ahn\minbmWv. AXns
tNbmemWv icoctNjvSI \SpXv.''
Poh icocn \np ths]p Ign
m ico c n bmsXmcp m\hpw
DmhpIbn. Bmhv icocn\np `n
a s n arXyp hn\p tijw ico c n
m\ ns A`mhw ]mSn . AXn \m
GXns kwtbmKm icocn ssNX
\yhpw hntbm K n PU Xbpw Dm Ip
pthm AXv tZln \np `namIpp.
Iv Fmw ImWpsnepw kzbw ImWm
Xp t]mse Fmw {]Xy o ` hn np
Xs, X\nv C{nbfm {]XyampI
km[y a . kzw Ip sImv LS] SmZn
kIe hkvXptfbpw ImWpXpt]mse,
Int\bpw Xs m\m ImWpp.
{ZjvSmhv kZm {ZjvSmhmbns Ccnpp.
Hcn epw Zriy am Ip n . B[m c an msX
At[bw, Imc W an msX Imcyw, Ah bhn
CmsX Ah bhw, Im hn msX Iaw
Fnh \ne\nevmXpt]mse Imhn
msX {]Xyw Fs\ DmIm\mWv?
kpcnbmb kv{XotbmSp kamKaw sNp
XmWv ]pcpjmYêsan WnIkp
Jamb AXn \nv ZpxJw DmIpXpw ]pcp
jmY êamsWp hcpw. As\bmbm
kzKkpJns lm\n \nanw ZpxJw A\p
`hntn hcpp. ZpxJs CmXmp
Xn\pw kpJw hnnpXn\pw {]bXv\n
Wsav ]dbp ]w apnkpJw Cm
XmIpw. AXn\m AXv ]pcpjmY êa.
NmhmI ZpxJkwbpamb kpJs
XyPnph aqV\mWv. [m\yw thh
Dan Ifv [m\yw FSppXpt]mse Cu
temI n kpJs kzoI cn p Ibpw
ZpxJs XyPn p Ibpw sN Ww. Cu
temIv e`n p kpJs XyPnnv
Cm kzKnse kpJw B{Klnv NXn
bm Dmnb thZfn ]dbp An
tlm{XmZn Iafpw D]mk\bpw m\Im
WvUns A\pjvTm\hpw ]ctemIn\p
thn A\pjvTnph Am\nIfmWv.
\nbambpw Cm ]ctemIw B{Klnp
Xv aqVmcpsS ]WnbmWv. Fsm
Antlm{Xw {Xtbm thZmkv{XnZWvUw
`kv a KpWv T \av _pn]ucp j lo \m\mw
PohntIXn _rlkv]Xnx
10
NmhmIaX{]hmNI\mb _rlkv]Xn ]d
bpp Antlm{Xw, aqp thZw, {XnZWvUw,
`kvate]\w Chsbmw _pnlo\cpw ]pcp
jmY clnXcpamb BfpIfpsS \nXyhrn
p amKfmWv. Fm, appsImpI
apXemb ZpxJ \cIhpw, sFlnI cmPmhv
Cuizc\pw, tZl\miw tamhpamWv. asm
pa.
11
Dcw: hnjbkpJ am{XamWv ]pcp
6. aZyn\v elcn]nSnpn. aZyw Ignp tNX
\n\p am{Xta elcnbpmIppp. aZImcW
amIbm aZysap ]dbpp.
7. Wiv AZit\ ([mXp ]mTw 4.83) ImWmXmhpXm
Wv. \jvSw.
8. KoX 2.16 t\mpI.
9. aqe]mT \hm Atcflw tamlw {_hoay hn\mio
hm Atc fb am\pn[cvam (4.5.14)
10. Nm. Z. t]Pv 5.
11. IImZnhyYmP\yw ZpxJw \ncb DNytX temI
kntm `th{ZmPm ]tctim \m]cxkvarXx tZlky
\mtimapnkvXp \ m\mpncnjytX (Nm. Z.
t]Pv 67)
309
jmYêsap \n\v hnjbZpxJ \nhmc
W n am{Xw IrX Ir Xy Xbpw kz K{]m
]vXnbpw ImWpXv aqVXbmWv . Antlm
{XmZn bPv R fn hmbphpw hrjv Snbpw
Pehpw ipnbmbn BtcmKy {]m]vXnbpm
hpIbpw XZzmcm [amY Ima tam
knnpIbpw sNpp. AXdnbmsX thZw,
Cuiz c thtZm amb [aw Fn hsb
\nnpXv h\bmWv. {XnZWvUw, `kva
[mcWw apXembhsb JWvUnXv icnbmWv.
app sImp ZpxJw \cIamsWn
AXn ep ] cn bmb alm tcm Km Zn I Fp
sImv \cIa? sFizcyhm\pw {]Pm]me
\ n kaY \p amb cmPm hn\v alXzw
\ev Ip Xv icn bm sW n epw A\ymbw
sNp ]m]nbmWv cmPmshn Abmsf
CuizcXpeyw AwKoIcnpsn \nsf
tmse aqV m cn Xs. ico c \m i amWv
apnsbn \nfpw IgpX, ]n apXemb
hbpw Xn FmWv hyXymkw?
NmhmI:
1. AncpjvtWm Pew ioXw ioXkv]cvi
kvXYm\nex tIt\Zw Nn{XnXw XkvamZv kz`m
hmkvXZzyhnXnx
2. \ kzcvtKm \mf]htKm hm ss\hmm
]mc eu In Ix, ss\h hcv Wm {i am Zo\mw
{IbmêZmbnImx
3. ]ip t n lnXx kzcv Kw tPymXn
jvtSmta KanjyXn, kz]nXmbPamt\\ X{X
Ikvam lnwkytX.
4. arXm \mh ]n P p \mw { imw
tNr]v Xn Imc Wav K Xm an l P p\mw
hycvYw ]mtYbIev]\av.
5. kz cv K n Xm bZm Xr]v Xn w
KtbpkvX{X Zm\Xx {]kmZtkym ]cnm
\ma{X Ikvam ZobtX
6. bmhothpJw PothZrWw IrXzm
LrXw ]nt_Xv, `kvao `qXky tZlky ]p\
cmKa\w IpXx.
7. bZn Kt Xv ]cw temIw tZlm tZj
hn\ncvKXx, Ikv amZv `qtbm \ NmbmXn _p
kvt\l kamIpex
8. XX Poht\m]mtbm {_mssWhn
lnXkvXznl. arXm\mw t{]XImcymWn NXz
\yZv hnZytX IzNnXv.
9. {Xtbm thZky Icv mtcm `Wv U
[qcv \nimNcm,x Pcv^co Xpcv^coXymZn
]WvUnXm\mw hNx kvarXav.
10. Aizkym {Xln iniv \p ]Xv \o
{Kmlyw {]IocvnXav. `WvssUkvXZzXv]cw
ssNh {KmlyPmXav {]IocvnXav
11. amwkm\mwJmZ\w XZznimNc kao
cnXav.
12
1. NmhIcpw B`mWIcpw _ussP\
mcpw PKZpXv]n kzm`mhnIamsWv Icp
Xp p. kz`m hnI KpW fp {Zhy
kwtbmPnv Fm ]Zmfpw DmIpp.
PKn\v {kjvSmhmbn Bcpan.
13
2. Fm Chcn NmhmI As\
IcpXpsnepw ]ctemIhpw Pohmmhpw
Dsv _urssP\m hnizknpp.
NmhmI Cu hmZw kzoIcnpn. Cu aX
m Aev]kzev] t`Zsamgnhmnbm ap
Imcyfnsemw XpeycmWv. kzan, \c
Ian, ]ctemIpt]mIp Bmhpan.
hWm{ia[a]me\w Hpw ê{]Zhpa.
3. ]iphns\smv bn tlman
pXpsImv AXp kzn t]mIpsa
n bw sNph kzw ]nXmhns\
sImp tlmanv kzn e b bv m sX
mWv?
4. acn Pohn I {imhpw X] W hpw
sImv Xr]v X cm Ip sa n ]c tZ ip
t]mIp Ahkcn Aw hkv{XZm\w
apX em bh Fn \p sImp t]m Ip p?
acnbmfns t]cn X]Ww sNp
]Zm kznsepsan ]ctZ
ibm{X sNphpthn _pv
12. Nm.Z. t]Pv 13, 14, 15.
13. CXv `mhmYamWv. i_vZmYw ""An DjvWhpw
Pew ioXfhpw hmbp ioXkv]iapXpamWv. Cu
sshNn{Xyw BcmWv Nn{XoIcnXv? AXn\m kzm`m
hnIambns AXXns KpWfm bpambn
nXn sNpp Fp a\knemWw''. tizXmiz
Xtcm]\njns Bcw`n (1.2) Imex kz`mthm
\nbXncyZrm Fv kz`mth\ krjvSypXv]n F
]w AhXcnnnv ]noSv AXns\ JWvUnnp
v.
310
hon A]Ww sNbv Xv tZim c fn
FnmhpXpamWv. Cs\sbnm\m
hpIbnsn Fs\ kznepsapw?
5. aXy tem I n Zm\w sNp Xp
sImv kzhmknI Xr]v XcmIpsan
Xmgs \nebn hnfnshm apIfnse
\nebnencnp Bfn\p hniSWatm!
6. AXn\m Pohnncnp{Xbpw Imew
kpJambn PohnpI. honsempansn
ISw hmn B\ n p I. ISw hot
Bhiyw hcpIbn. Fsm XnpIbpw
IpSnpIbpw sNbvX icocn\v ]p\cmKa
\an. ]ns Bcp tNmZnm Bcp sImSp
m?
7. acWkabv Poh icocw hnv ]c
temIw {]m]npsv BfpI ]dbpXv
anYybmWv. As\ BsWn IpSpw_tam
lnsv Poh hon Xncnsm
sXpsImv?
8. AXn\m CsXmw {_mW AhcpsS
\nXyhrnp thn Dmnb D]mbfm
Wv. ]p _en apXemb acWm\c {Inb
Ifpw Cs\Xs.
9. thZfpmnbh I]S `cpw, NXn
bcpw, cmkcpamWv. P^cn, Xp^cn, apX
embhsbmw ]ptcmlnXcpsS BPvRsbIp
dnpp.
10. Cu t]mncnIfpsS cN\ t\mq. ""Aiz
enMvKw kv{Xo {Klns. bPam\]Xv\nsb
kam K an n p p. I\yI tbmSp tIfo h N \
]dbs. CsXmw Aht FgpXnsh
bvm Ignbq.
11. amwk ` W amImw F thZ `mKw
cmk FgpXnbXmWv.
Dcw: 1. tNX\amb Cuizc \nn
msX PUhkvXp X\ntb ]ckv]cw {Ia
ambn tbmPnv Hpw DmhpIbn. kz`mth\
Dm Ip Xm sW n hopw kqcy N{
mcpw ]rYznbpw \{XmZnIfpw DmIm
sXpsImv?
2. kzw, kpJ t`m K fp sSbpw \cIw
bmX\IfptSbpw t]cmWv. Pohmmhnsn
kpJZpxJfpsS t`mmhv BcmWv? Ctm
kpJZpxJfpsS t`mmhv Pohmmhmbncn
pXpt]mse ]cPnepw Bbncnpw.
hWm{ianIfpsS kXy`mjWw. ]tcm]Imcw
apXemb {InbIfpw \njvêamIptam? Hcn
epan.
3. 4. 5. arKsf sImv tlmanphm thZ
im kv {X fnsepw hn[n bn . acn hv
{im XW \S p Xpw It]m e I
ev]nXamWv. Ch thZmZn kXyimkv{Xp
hncpamIbm `mKhXmZn ]pcmWmcpsS
a X am Wv . AXn \m Chsb JWv U\w
sNbvXncnpXns\ JWvUnm\mhpIbn.
6. D hkvXphn\v Hcnepw A`mhw C.
D Pohs A`mhw DmIm h. tZlw
`kvaamIpw. Poh BhpIbn. Poh asmcp
icocn t]mIpp. AXn\m ISw hmn
aphkvXp D]t`mKw sNbvXv XncnpsIm
Sp m Xn cp m \n b ambpw ]m]n bmbn
cmw P n \c I a \p ` hnpw. CXn
ktlan.
7. 8. tZln \npw ths] Poh\v
m\mchpw, icocmhpw kw`hnpp.
AXn\v ]qPsntbm IpSpw_mZnIsf
ntbm bmsXmcdnhpw DmhpIbn. t{]X
Iafpw apw ]ptcmlnXm BZmbn\p
thn DmnbXmWv. thtZmamXp
sImv Ahsb JWvUnWw.
9. Nmhm Im Zn I thZm Zn kXy
imkv{X ImWpItbm tIpItbm ]Tn
p Itbm sNbv Xn cp s n ""I] S ` cpw
NXnbcpw cmkcpambhcmWv thZmZn kXy
imkv{X \nnsXp ]dbpIbnmbn
cpp. I]S`cpw NXnbmcpw cmkXp
eycpamb alo[cmZn
14
hymJymXm Dm
bnpv. AhcpsS NXnbmWv. thZfptSX.
NmhmIcpw B`mWIcpw _ussP\cpw
\mepthZfptSbpw aqekwlnX ImWpItbm
tIpItbm GsXnepw hnZzmamcn\np
]TnpItbm sNbvXnnmXp IjvSamWv.
AXn\m \jvS_pnIfpambn thZ\n ]pe
phm XpSn. ZpjvSmcmb hmaamnI
14. alo [ cm Zn I F Xn\v alo [ c \ tm se bp
FYw. alo[c\p hfsc appXs {`jvS`mjy
DmbnpSnbncpp.
311
fpsS {]amWiq\yamb hymJym\ Iv
thZhntcm[nIfmbn AhnZybpsS AKm[amb
kap{Zn ]Xnpt]mbtm.
10. \ Imcyw Xs! kv {Xosb smv
AizenMvKw {Klnnv kamKannepw, bP
am\]p{Xnsb D]lknepw apw hmaamKn
IsfsmmsX ap a\pjyp tNtX
b. Cu alm]m]nIfmb hmaamKnIfmsX
Bscnepw {`jvShpw hn]coXhpw Aiphp
amb thZhymJym\w sNptam? bmsXmpw
BtemNnmsX shdptX thZ\nbvp Xp\n
bp Cu NmhmIcpsS Imcyw IjvSw Xs.
Hsnepw kz_pn {]tbmKnpIqtS? Fp
sNm \mWv ? AXp v kXym k Xy
\n bw sNbv Xv kXys aWv U\w
sNm\pw X AdnhnmsX t]mbn.
11. hma amKn I fmb hymJym Xm fmWv
amwk `Ws A\pIqenXpw. AXn\m
Ahsc cmkscp ]dbpXv DNnXwXs.
Fm thZfnsepw amwk`Ww hn[n
nn. AXn\m Ccw anYyIfpsS ]m]w
thZ ImWp Itbm tIp Itbm
sNmsX tXmnb]Sn \nn B `mjy
mpXs ktlsat\y Inpw. thZs
\n n h cpw \nn p hcpw \n b ambpw
Ahn Zy bpsS A Im c n hoWv , kpJ
n\p ]Icw F{XIv ZpxJnpXpw A[n
IasXmWv kXyw. AXn\m thZm\pIq
eambn \SpXt{X a\pjyp DNnXw.
shdptX It]meIev]nXambsXmw sa\
sSpv btYjvSw aZy]m\w, amwkmlmcw,
]ckv{XoKa\w apXemb ZpjvSIa sNp
I sb kzm kn npthn hma amKn
I thZs IfsSpn. CXp ImWv
Nmhm Icpw _ucpw ssP\cpw thZ \n
sNm\mcw`nXv. Fnv thZhncphpw \nco
izchpamb \mkvXnIaX{]NmcWw Bcw`np.
Nmhm Im Zn I thZ fpsS au en Imw
At\zjnncpsn, I`mjy Iv
thtZmaXn \nv thdnp \nevpambn
cpn. Fp sNmw! hn\miImte hn]coX
_pnx
15
\mins s\neI ImWmdm
Ip tm a\p jys _pn hn] co X amtb
t]mIq.
C\n Cu NmhmImZnI FsXmw Xc
nepsv FgpXmw. Ch anhmdpw Imcy
fn Hcpt]msebmWv. Fm NmhmI
tZtlm Xv ] ntbm Sp IqSn Pothm Xv ] nbpw
AXns \mitmSpIqSn Pohs \mihpw
AwKoIcnpp. ]p\Phpw ]ctemIhpw
AwKo Icn p n . {]Xy {] am W a msX
asmns\bpw kzoIcnpn. ]dbpXn
{]K Fpw, sshXWvUnI FpamWv
NmhmI i_vZn\w. _ucpw ssP
\cpw {]XymZn\mep {]amW, A\mZn
bmb Pohm mhv . ]p\Pw. ]c temIw,
apn Fn h bn hniz kn pp. _u
ssP\cpw NmhIcpw Xnep Acw C{X
am{XamWv. \mkvXnIX, thZCuizc\n, ]c
aXtZzjw. Bdp bXv\, PKXvImhn
s hmZw Fnhbnsemw Ch Xpeycm
Wv. CXmWv NmhmIaXns kwn]vX
cq]w.
_u aXw
C\n _uaXs kw_nv kwn]vX
ambn FgpXmw. ImcyImcW`mhmZzm kz`m
hmZzm \nbmaImXv, Ahn\m`mh\nbtam Zcvi
\m c Zcv i \mXv
16
Imcy ImcW `mhw
AYhm Imcyw Iv ImcWw, ImcWwIv
Imcyw, apXembhbpsS kmmXvImcw Dm
IpXv {]Xyhpw, aph A\pam\hpam
Ip p. Ch Iq SmsX Pohn I fpsS {]h \
]qWamhpIbn. C{]Imcap e
Wfm A\pam\n\v {]m[m\yw \evIn
bmWv NmhmIcn \np `namb _u
imJ DmbnpXv.
\mev _uimJI
_u \mep {]Imcnepv.
17
am[yan
Iw, tbmKmNmcw, ku{XmnIw, ssh`mjnIw
15. NmWIy \oXn 16.15
16. khZi\ kw{Klw _uaXw t]Pv 16 Nnp
JIrXambXz Zo]nIbn [aIonbptSXmbn
DrXw. Cu {]IcWn khZi\ kw{Kl
n \nmWv apJyambpw DcWnI {KIm
cs Imev _u{K kpeàmbncpn.
17. tX _umXpcv hn[bm `mh\bm ]ca]pcpjmcv Yw
IYbn tX N am[yanI tbmKm Nmc ku{Xm
nI ssh`mjnI kwPvRmòx {]knm _um bYm
{Iaw kcvhiq\yXz_mlymcvYiq\yXz _mlymcvYm
\ptabXz _mlymcvY {]XyhmZm BXnjvTt
(Sn t]Pv 19)
312
FnhbmWv B t`Z. _pym \nhcvtX
k _ux _pnbm knnpXv Ah
\hs _pnbn hcpXv hnizknpI.
hcm Xv hniz kn m Xn cn p I. CXt{X
_ueWw. Chcn Hmas Iqcmb
am[yanI Fmw iq\yamsWv hnizknp
p. AXmbXv Fp ]Zmfptm Ah
sbmw iq\yw. AXmbXv Ah BZnbn Dm
bncpn. Ahkm\w DmbncnpIbpan.
a[yn {]XoXoamIpXpXs {]XoXnk
abmWv. ]noSv iq\yamIpw. IpSw DmIp
Xn\p apv AXv Cm bn cp p. DS p I
fm ]ns CXm\pw. IpSw Dv F
Adnhpw AXns DSnent\msS CmXmIp
p. AXn\m iq\yw am{XamWv GIXzw.
cm as Iq cmb tbmKm Nm c m cpsS
knmw _mlyiq\yXbmWv. ]Zm
AcnIm\nemWv. _mlym\n
e `mknpXv. IpSs AIta Adnbm
hpXpsImt{X "CXp IpSamWv' Fp a\p
jy ]dbpXv. BcnI m\ansn
CXp ]dbphm km[ya.
aqmas sku{XmnI _mlym
ns A\pam\n hnizknpp. Fs
m _mly ambn Hpw Xs kmwtKm
]mwKw {]XyamIpn. GItZiw {]Xy
sSpXpsImv tijw A\pam\np
tXbpq FmWnhcpsS aXw.
\memas ssh`mjnI ]dbpXv {]Xy
am Ip sXmw ]pd ta bm Wv , AI ta b
FmWv. Abw \oex LSx (CXv \oepSw)
F Xn {]Xo Xn bm \oe \n d ap IpSw
]pdta {]XoXamIpp. CXmWhcpsS aXw.
Ch cp sS sbmw Kpcp _p. Xs sb
nepw injymcpsS _pnt`Zw \nanamWv
]e imJI DmbXv. kqcy AkvXanm
Pmcm ]ckv{XoKa\hpw hnZzmm kXy`m
jWmZn t{ijvT Iafpw sNpp. kabw
Hp Xs; Ah \ hs _pn b \p k cnv
hn`n tNjvSI sNpp.
18
Ch cn am[y an I Fmw Wn I am
sWp hnizknpp. Hmtcm Wnepw
_pn ]cnWanpXpsImv Ign W
nse Adnhv hcpwWn CmXmIpp.
AXn\msemw WnIat{X. cmas Iq
cmb tbmKmNmcm Fm {]hrnbpw ZpxJ
cq ] am sW aX m cmWv . {]m]v XnsImv
kp jv Sn bn. Hp {]m]v X am bm asm
ns {]m]vXnv bXv\amcw`npw. AXn\m
Fm {]hrnIfpw ZpxJcq]fmWv. aqm
as ku{Xm n I Fm ]Zmfpw
kzeWfm enXamIpsp hniz
knpp. ]iphns NnsImv ]ip.
IpXncbpsS eWsImv IpXnc Fn
s\ Xncndnbpp. Cs\ eyn
Xs eWw kZm Dv. \memas ssh`m
jnI "iq\yw' Hcp ]ZmamsWp hniz
knpp. am[yanI Fmw iq\yamsWv
knmnnpv. ssh`mjnI]hpw Xp
eyamWv. Cs\ _ucn At\Iw hn`n
]fpv.
19
Dcw: Fmw iq \yamsW n
iq\ys iq\ysadnbpbm iq\yamIm
hgn bn . IqSmsX Fmw iq\y am sW n
iq\y n \p iq\ys Adn bm \m hn .
Atm iq\y ns mXmhv , tbw
Fo cp ]Zm kn am Ip p.
tbmKm Nm c m _mly iq\y Xzw knm n
ptm {]XyambnImWp ]hXhpw
apw AhcpsS DnemWv. As\sbn
lrZ b n ]mh X n\v CS sa hnsS?
Atm ]hXw _mlyamsWpw AXns
m\amWv BmhnepmIpsXpw hcp
p. ku{Xm n I ]Zm fpsS {]Xy
s am\npnsn AhcpsS hmp
Ifpw A\ptabamsX {]XyamhpIbn.
{]Xyas n Abw LSx (Cu IpSw)
F {]tbmKw km[ph. Abw LssSItZix
18. bZy]n `Khm _p GI Gh t_m[bnXm XYm]n
t_m[hymlmw _pnt`ZmmXpcvhn[yav. bYmKtXm
kvXacvI CXypt PmctNmc \qNm\mZbx tkzjvS
tNjvTm\pkmtcWm`nkcW ]ckz lcW kZmNc
W, Zn kabw _p[yt (_u.Z. 19)
19. ChnsS aqe{Kns Ftm {`jvS]mTw
Dmbnpsv bp[njvTncaoamwkIs\tmsebp
]WvUnXm A`n{]mbsSpp. kcvhwWnIw
WnIav, kcvhw ZpxJw ZpxJ kzeWw kzeWav,
iq\yw iq\yav (t]Pv 19) FmWv _ps D]tZiw.
CXns hymJym\w sImSpncnpXv icnbmsW
nepw Nne `mK IqSpXembn hpt]mbnpv.
313
CXv IpS ns `mK amWv Fp ]d b Ww.
`mKw IpSamhpIbn, apgph\pw Dsnte IpS
amhq. CXv IpSamWv FpXv {]XyamWv.
A\p ta b a , Fs m Fm Ah b
hfnepw Ahbhn HmWv. AXp{]Xy
amsWn IpSns Ahbhhpw {]Xy
amWv. AhbhklnXamb IpSw {]Xyam
Ipsap XmXv]cyw.
\memas ssh`mjnI _mly]Zm
sf {]XyamsWp am\npp. CXpw
icnb. Fsm m\hpw mXmhpw
FhnsSbptm AhnsSbmWv {]Xyw. {]Xy
hn jbw shfn bn em sW nepw AXns
BImcm\apmIpXv Bmhn\mWv .
AXp t]mse Fm h kv Xp fpw Ah bpsS
m\hpw WnIamsWn {]Xy`n
Rm As\ sNbvXp F kvacWDm
Ip I bn . Fm apv IXpw tIXpw
kvacnm IgnbpXn\m WnIhmZhpw
icnb.
Fmw ZpxJamWv kpJtabn FmsW
n kpJs At]nmsX ZpxJw knn
pItb C. cm{Xnsb At]nv ]Iepw
]Iens\ At]nv cm{Xnbpw DmIpXp
t]mse bm Wn Xv . AXn\m Fmw ZpxJ am
sW knmw icnb.
kze Ww am{Xw kzoIcn m, t\{Xw
cq]ns eWhpw, cq]w eyhpamWv.
IpSns cq]w IpSns cq]eWhpw,
Iv eyn \np `nhpw BWv. Kw
]rYnhnbn \np `namXmIpXpamWv.
Cs\ ey e W `nm `n fm
sWp IcpXWw.
iq \y n s Dcw ap p ]d p .
iq\ys Adnbp B iq\yn \np
`nw Xs.
ZpxJcq]nbmb kwkmcw
ssP\_uknmw
kcv hky kwkm cky ZpxJm IXzw
kcvhXocvYc kXav.
20
temIsamw ZpxJcq]w, ZpxJns Ccn
nSw, ZpxJns km[\mcq]sap kev]nv
temIs shSnbpIsbXmWv _ucpsS
knmw. NmhmI knmnep]cnbmbn
Ch apn, A\pam\w, Pohmmhv Fnh
sbIqSn AwKoIcnmXncnpp.
XoYccmsWv _uZv [ AwKoIcnp
hsc ssP\cpw AwKoIcnpp. AXn\m
Ccphcpw HpXs. t\ct ]d km[\m
NXpjvSbw AYhm \mep`mh\I fm Fm
hmk\Ifn \npw \nhrambn iq\ycq]
amb \nhmW {]m]v Xnapn bmWv Ch
AwKoIcnp eyw.
kzinjymv Ch tbmKhpw BNmchpw
D]tZinpp. A{]m]vXmYsf {]m]np
Xn \p ]cy \p tbm K n\v tbmK sapw
Kpcq] tZiw AwKo I cn p Xn\v BNm c
sapw ]dbpp. B\mZnbmb _pn, hmk\
\nanw hnhn[Xcn {]IminXamIppsh
h hnizknpp. AXn C\n ]dbp
Av kvIfpv.
Hm a t Xv ""cq] hn m \ th Z\m
kwm kwkmckwIm''. C{nbfn
\nv cq]w apXemb hnjb {Klnpp.
AXv cq] kv I w. cm a tXv Be b hn
m\w AYhm {]hr n ssh ` h a dn bp
hyhlmcamb hnPvRm\kvIamWv. aqma
tXv cq]kvIw, hnPvRm\kvIw Fn
hbn \npfhmIp kpJZpxJmZn {]XoXn
I fm Ip hyh lm c amb thZ \m kv I hpw
\mematXv, ]ip apXemb kwIfpsS
_w AXmXv t]cphbpambn tNdn
bp kwmkvIhpw AmatXv thZ
\mkvIn \nv DmIp cmKtZzjmZn
ti fpw [am [a hy h lm chpw tN
kwkvImckvIhpamWv.
XochnizmkwZzmZimbX\]qP
1. tZi\m temI\mYm\mw kXzmib him
\pKx, `nZyt _lp[mtemtI D]mssbcv
_lp`nxIne
2. Kwòtcmm\ t`tZl IzNntm `be
Wx, `nmln tZi\m `n iq\yXm Zzb
eWm. ZzmZimbX\]qPm t{ibkvIcoXn
_uma\yt'
3. AcvYm\p ]mcvPy _lpxim ZzmZibX
\m\nssh ]cnXx ]qP\obm\n Inass\ycnl
]qPnX.x
20. khZi\ kw{Klw _uZi\w t]Pv 28
314
4. mt\{nbmWn ]ssh bYmIcvta
{nbmWnN, at\m_pncnXn t{]mw ZzmZ
imbX\w _pss[.x
Aw: 1. m\nIfpw hnccpw Pohp
cpw temI\mYcpamb _pmZn Xoc
mcpsS Xzkzcq]sasdnbphcpsS,
`n hkvXpfpsS D]tZiw \evIphcpsS
hfsc hyXykvXhpw hnhnt[m]mbfm ]d
bsXpamb D]tZi kzoIcnWw.
2. hfsc Kwòchpw {]knt`Zfm ]d
b s Xpw Kp]v Xhpw, \yq\ e Wbp hp
ambn app ]dbshbpw Bb Kpcq]tZi
sf a\\w sNWw.
3. ZzmZ im b X\ ]qP tam Z bm sWv
_u hnizknpp. AXn\pthn [\hpw
]ZmY fpw Hcpn ZzmZ im b X \
]{v m\hntij Dmn kh
{] Im tc Wbpw ]qPn Ww. ap ]qP I
sImv {]tbmP\sampw C.
4. Ch cpsS ZzmZ im b X \ ]qP CXmWv :
sNhn, Xzv, Iv, \mv, aqv Fo Av
mt\{nb, hmb, ssI, Imev, Kptly
{nbw, D]t{nbw Fo Ita{nb
_pn a\kv Fnhsb kXvIcnWw. AXm
bXv Chsb B\n {]mhramWw.
CXymZnbmWv _uaXw.
ZpxJamsWn {]hrn Fn\v?
temI samw ZpxJ cq ] am sW n ChnsS
PohnIfpsS {]h\sampw DmIcpXmbn
cpp. temIv PohnIfpsS {]h\w {]Xy
amIbm kwkmcw ZpxJcq]asv hcp
p. CXn kpJhpw ZpxJhpw Dv. _u
]dbpXpt]mse BsWn `W]m\o
b IgnpXpw ]YymNcWhpw Huj[
tkh\hpw sNbvXv icocw kwcnpXn
kpJw A\p`hnpXpw Fn\mWv? R
{]hr cm Ip s nepw CXp ZpxJw Xs
bmWv Fp ]d bp ]w, CXp kw`
hytabsmWpcw. Fsm Poh
kpJsasdnv {]hramhpIbpw ZpxJ
sasdnv \nhramIpIbpw sNpp.
temIn [a{InbI, hnZy kwKw apX
emb t{ijvT{]hrnIsfmw kpJ{]Zfm
Wv. _umcmsX, temIn hnZzmm
cmcpw CXv ZpxJNnambn IcpXpn.
Cu Ap kvI Xopw A]qW
amWv. Cs\ Htcm kvI Dmn
bm Hmtcmn\pw At\Iw ]ncnhpI Dm
mhpXmWv. _u XoYcmsc D]
tZjvSmfpw temI\mYmcpw Bbn ImWp
p. \mY\mY\mb ]cammhns\ kzoIcnp
n. Cu Xocmv D]tZiw \evIn
bXmcmWv? kzbw m\apmbn FmsW
n AXv Akw ` hy am Wv . Imc W an msX
Imcy ap m hp I bn . kz bw m\
{]m]vXnbpmIpsan hnZym`ymkw sNm
sXbpw hnZzmamcpambn kwkw IqSmsXbpw
Ahcn [mcmfw hnZzmam DmImsX
m Wv ? As\ Dm Ip n s n C
dXpw kn]mXPzcmcs AkXyhpw
bpnclnXhpwBb ]npw t]bpw ]pe
emWv. D hkvXp Hcnepw iq\ya. shdpw
kqvacq]s {]m]n am{Xta kw`hn
ppp. AXn\m Cu knmhpw bpn
`{Z a . _u cpsS iq\y cq ]m ssZzX
21
Xtzm]tZihpw icnb. D hkvXp Hcn
epw iq\y a . kqjv a Im c W cq ] am Im
hpXmWv. AXn\m Cu {]kvXmhhpw icn
b. {Zthym]mP\wsImv ap]d ZzmZ
imbX\]qP sNmsan ]p {]mW,
]Xn s\m m as Pohm Xv amhv Fn hsb
FpsImv ]qPnpn? C{nb Ax
IcWw Fnhsb ]qPnm tamw e`np
sap hnizknp _umpw hnjbm
kpw XnsemWv t`Zw? hnjb
fn \np apn bn s n ]ns mWv
21. \ho\ thZmns BZn{]hmNI\mb icm
NmcycpsS Kpcphns Kpcphmb KuU]mZ _u
knmfn {]`mhnX\mbncpp. ChcpsS iq\y
hmZn\v sshZnIcq]w \In AssZzXhmZn\v
Poh sImSpXtlamWv. Atlns amWvUp
IyImcnIbnse ]e ImcnIIfpw AY]camtbm
i_vZ]camtbm _u{Kfn Dv. icmNmcy
cpsS `mjysfmgnhmnsmv CXv A[yb\w
sNbvXm, KuU]mZmNmcy _ps henb `
\mbncpsp {Klnmw. kmwJy{]hN\`mjyImc
\mb hnm\`np \ho\ thZmnIsf {]
_uscp hnfnXv shdptXb. kmwJy{]hN\
`mjy ns XpS n ]Zv a ]p cm W n\nv
GXm\w tmI ]Inbnpv. AXnsemcp
tmImamWv ambmhmZw AkZv imkv{Xw {]w
_utah N FXv.
315
apn? Ch kzw AhnZysb hnnXn\v
kam\amb DZmlcWw aspw Xs C.
\nbambpw thtZizc\n sNbvXXns
êamWnhp InnbXv. HmaXv Hcnepw
temIsamw ZpxJ]qWamsWv kev]np.
]noSv ZzmZimbX\ ]qP kwLSnnp. apn
\evIhw Cu ZzmZimbX\ ]qPbnse
hkv Xp temI _m ly amtWm? I Sv
cXv\w sXcmtem sXcbm\m{Klnmtem
Bm\pw cXv\w Inptam? thZw Cuizc
Fnhsb \ntj[np ChcpsS tIfohn
emkw Cs\bmbntmbn. kpJam{Klnp
sn thZsbpw Cuizcs\bpw B{i
bnv kzw Pw kêampI.
hnthI hnemknse _uknmw
"hnth I hn emk'n _u aXsn
Cs\sbgpXpp:
1. _u\mw kpK tXm tZthm hniz
W`wKpcav BcykXzmJybm XzNXp
jvSbanZw {IamXv.
2. ZpxJambX\w ssNh XXx kapZtbm
aXx, amcv KtXyky N hymJym {ItaW
{iqbXmaX.x
3. ZpxJ kwkmcnW kvImkvtXN ]
{]IocvnXmx, hnm\w thZ\m kwm
kwkvImtcm cq]tahN.
4. ]t{nbmWn i_v Zmhm hnjbm ]
am\kav, [cvambX\taXm\n ZzmZimbX\m
\nXp.
5. cmKm Zo\mw KtWmbx kym ap tZXn
\rWmw lrZn. Bmob kz`mhmJyx k
kymapZbx ]p\x
6. WnImx kcv h kw kv Imcm CXnbm
hmk\mncm k amcvK CXn hntb kN
tamtmf`n[obtX
7. {]Xym\pam\w N {]amWw ZznXobw
XYm, NXpx {]m\nIm _umx JymXm
ssh`mjnImZbx
8. Acv tYm m\m \zntXm ssh`m jn
tIW _lpa\ytX, ku{XmntI\ {]Xy
{KmtlyfcvtYm \ _lncvaXx
9. BImc klnXm _pntcymKmNmcky
kwaXm, tIhemw kwhnZw kzmw a\yt
a[yamx ]p\x
10. cmKmZnm\ km\ hmk\mtZ
kw`hm NXpcv Wm a ]n _u m\mw apn
tcjm {]IocvXnXm
11. Irnx IaWvUepcvauWvUyw Nocw
]qcvhmt`mP\av, kwtLm cmw_cXzw
N in{iotbm _u`np`nx
22
1. _ucpsS kpKXtZh\mb _p`Khm
\mWv ]qPytZh. PKv W`wKpcamWv.
Bcy ]p cp j, Bcy kv {Xo, Xz fpsS
BJym\w (kwmZn{]knn) Cu \memWv
_u AwKoIcnp ]Zm.
2. Cu PKv kpJ ZpxJ kn {i am Wv .
icocw ZpxJns KrlamWv. XZ\cw kap
Zbw AYhm cmKm Zn I fp m Ip p. ]noSv
amKhpw. CXn s {Ia amb hymJym\w
tIpI.
3. temIn ZpxJtabpp. app ]d
]kvI
23
AdnbpI.
4. ] m t\ {n b , Ah bpsS
i_vZmZn hnjbfv, a\kv (_pn AYhm
Ax I c Ww) [a ns m\w Fo
]{v BbX\.
5. a\pjylrZbn cmKtZzjmZnIfpm
IpXv kapZbw, Bmhv, Bmhns\ kw_
nXv, kz`mhw Fnh BJym. CXn\nv
hopw kapZbapmIpp.
6. Fm kwkv Im chpw Wn I amWv .
hmk\ nc am Ip XmWv _u amKw.
AXpXs, iq\yXzwiq\ycq]wBIp
Xt{X tamw.
7. _u {]Xyw, A\pam\w Fo {]am
W am{Xta ssIsmppq. ssh`m
jnIw ku{XmnIw, tbmKmNmcw, am[yanIw
Fns\ Ch \mep {]Imcnepv.
8. Chcn ssh`mjnI m\n D
AYns\ s]mcpfmbn KWnpp. Fs
m m\n CmXv DXmsWv
22. hnthIhnemkw 8, 265267 khZi\kw{Klw
_uZi\w t]Pv 4647 DrXw.
23. t]Pv 635 t\mpI.
316
kn ]p cp j mv AwKo I cn m h.
ku{XmnI {]Xy ]Zmw AItabm
Wv, ]pdtab Fp knmnpp.
9. BIm c kln Xhpw hnm \ bp hp
amWv _pnsb knmmcmWv tbmKm
Nm c. am[y an I cm Is Xfn e S p
m\s am{XamsX ]Zms AwKo
Icnpn.
10. cmKmZnm\ {]hmlns hmk\
\inptm DmIpXmWv apnsbv
\mep _ucpw ]dbpp.
11. arKNaw, IaWv Uep, apWvU\w, hevI
ehkv{Xw, ]qhmn 12 aWnpapv
`Ww, Hbv p ]mmbv I (kwLw)
Nph hkv{X[mcWw ChsbmamWv _u
k\ymknIfpsS eWw.
Dcw: _ucpsS kpKX_p am{X
amWv tZhs\n Atlns Kpcp Bcm
bncpp? hnizw W`wKpcamsWn B
hkvXp Xs CmXmIpw. ]ns Fns
kv acW bm Wp m hpI? Wn I hm Z amWv
_uamKsan ChcpsS apnbpw W
`wKpcambncnWw. m\bpamb AY
amWv {Zhysan PU{Zhynepw m\w
DmbncnWw AhbpsS Ka\mZn{InbI
Fnemkv]Znncnpp. shfnbn Zriyam
Ip Xv F s\ bmWv an Yy bm Ip Xv ?
_pnbvv BImcapsn AXvZriyamtI
XmWv. tIhew m\ta Bmhnepq
Fn]ZmYsf AwKoIcnmsX Ah
bp sS m\s am{ Xw AwKo I cn
p]w Adn tb ]Zmw CmsX
AXns Adnhv DmhptXb. hmk\m
\m i amWv apn sb n kp jp ]v Xn bpw
apIvXnbmIWw. CsXmw hnZymhncpfm
Ibm XnckvIcWobamWv.
Cs\ kwt]ambn
_paXtn hnhcnp.
_pnammcpw Nnmicpambh Ch
cpsSaXhpw Adnhpw FmsWv
a\nems. Chsbmw ssP\cpw
AwKoIcnpp.
ssP\aXw
C\n _ussP\aXfpsS hW\bm
hmw. {]I c W c Xv \m Icw Hmw `mK n s\
n \bN{Ikmcn
24
C{]Imcw FgpXp
p.
""kabt`Za\pkcnv _u \ho\Xsb
Bkv ] Z amn BIm iw, Imew, Poh,
]pZvKew Fo \mev {Zhysf kzoIcnp
p. ssP\ [am kv Xn Im bw, A[ am
kvXnImbw, BImimkvXnImbw. ]pZvKemkvXn
Imbw, PohmkvXnImbw, Imew Fns\
Bdp {Zhy sfbpw kzoI cn p p. CXn
Imens\ AkvXnImbambn KWnpn.
Hu] Nm cn I ambn AsXmcp { Zhy
25
am
sWmsX hmkv X h n e m XmWv
ImcWw.''
Ah bn 1. [am kv Xn Imbw KXn ]
cnWman Xz m ]cn Wm as {]m]n p
Poh\pw ]pZvKehpw KXnbpsS kmao]ym
kvXw`npXns "tlXp'hn\v [amkvXnIm
bsap ]dbpp. AXv AkwJyw {]tZi
fn ]cnamWfn, temIfn hym]nn
cn p p.
26
2. A[amkvXnImbw ncXbm ]cn
Wmanbmbnp Poh, ]pZvKew FnhbpsS
nXnbvv B{ibtlXphmWnXv.
27
3. BImimkvXnImbw Fm {Zhypw
B[mchpw, AhlmK\w {]thi\w \njv{I
aWw BZnbmb {InbI sNp Poh]pZv
Kev {InbI sNm tlXphpambn
cn p Xns t]cm Wn Xv . CXv kh hym ]n
bmWv.
28
4. ]pZvKemkvXnImbw ImcW cq]amb
24. \bN{Ikmcw {]IcWcXv\mImcns SoIbmWv.
25. X{X]m\mw {]tZi]nWvUXzmXv AkvXnImbXzw
Imeky{]tZim `mhmXv AkvXnImbXm \mkvXn,
X{X Ime D]NmcssXbh {Zhyav \ hkvXp hrXym
({]IcWcXv\mIcw 177)
26. X{X KXn ]cnWXm\mw Poh]pZvKem\mw KXyp
]jvSw ` tlXpcv [cvamkvXnImbx k NmkwtJyb
{]tZitemI {]tZi ]cnamWx (Sn 178)
27. nXn ]cnWXm\mw Poh]pZvKem\w nXyp]jvSw
`tlXpc[cvamkvXnImbx k Nm kwtJyb {]tZi
temI ]cnamWx (Sn 178)
28. kh{ZhymWmam[mc `qtXm f hKmlIXz `mhm\mw
Poh ]pZvKem\mw AhKmtlm]jvSw Ì BImim
kv XnImbx. kNm\{]tZtim temImtemI ]cnamWx
(Sn 178)
317
kq v a\n Xy GI ck hW K
kv ]iImcy en Mv Khpw hf cpI \in pI
Fo kz`mhbpamWnXv.
29
5. PohmkvXnImbw tNX\m eWbp
hpw, m\ Zi \ fpsS B{i bhpw
A\ ] cym b fm ]cn W an p Xpw
Imhpw t`mmhpw BWnXv.
30
6. Imew Cu Av AkvXnImbfpsS
]cXzw A]cXzw, \ho\X, {]mNo\X Fo
NntfmSpIqSnbXpw {]kn ham\
cq]]cymbfm bphpamWnXv.
31
kaoI \mep {Zhy {]XnWw
]pXpabmPnpsa _uhmZw IamWv.
BImiw, Imew, Poh, ]camWp Fnh Hcn
epw ]pXn btXm ]g btXm Bhp I bn .
Fsm Ch Ahn\minbpw ImcWcq]hpw
A\mZnbpamWv. ]nss\ Chbn ]pXp
abpw ]ghpw hcpw?
AXpt]mse ssP\nIfpsS hnizmkhpw icn
b. [am[a KpWamWv, {Zhya. Ch
cpw Pohm kv Xn Im b n hn cn p p.
AXn\m BImiw, ]camWp, Poh, Imew
Fnhsb {Zhyambn IcpXnbncpsn icn
bmbncpp.
sshtijnIn HXv {Zhy ]dn
cnpXmWv icn. ]rYnhn apXemb ]X
Xz Imew, Znv, Bmhv, a\kv, Fo
HXv {]tXyI ]Zm \nnXambncn
p p. Pohs\ am{Xw tNX \ ambn Icp Xp
Ibpw Cuiz cs\ kzoI cn m Xn cn p Ibpw
sNpXv ssP\_ucpsS sXmb, ]
]mXP\yamb ImcyamWv.
k]vX`MvKfpw kymZvhmZhpw
_ucpw ssP\cpw AwKoIcnp k]vX
`wKn kymZvhmZw Fnhsbn ]dbmw.
Hmas `MvKw "kLSx' BWv. IpSw
AXns h am \ X tbmSp IqSn b Xm Wv .
AXmbXv IpSapv. IpSns A`mhn\p
hncpamWnXv.
cmatXv "AkLSx'. IpSw C. Hm
atXv IpSns D. CXv IpSns Cm
bvabm cmw `MvKambn.
aqmatXmWv "kkLSx'. CXv IpS
amWv, Fm ap. IpSns Dbpw
apns Cmbvabpw {]Xn]mZnpp.
\mem a tXv LtSm fLSx. IpS amWv
Fm AIpShpamWv. IpSn asmns
A`mhw Dv. AXns\ ap\nn A`mhw
\nanw IpSa Fpw ]dbpp. Hcpanv
AXn\v cpt]cv, LSw, ALSw DmIpp.
AmatXv IpSns\ ]Ssap ]d
b cp Xv . IpS n IpSXzw hyw. ]SXzw
Ahyw. BZy tXv hyhyw atXv
Ahhyw.
BdmatXv LSamXns\ LSsap
]dbcpXv. IpSw Im IpSamsWp ]dbmw.
]Sw IpSamWv Fp ]dbcpXv.
GgmatXv ]dbm CjvSapsnepw
B hkvXp AXmXncnpXmWv k]vX`
MvKw.
CXpt]mse
1. kymZkvXn Pothmfbw CXn {]Ytam `MvKx
2. kymmkvXn Pothm ZznXotbm `MvKx
3. kymZhthym Poh kvXrXotbm `MvKx
32
4. kymZkvXn \mkvXn cqt]m PohxXpcvtYm
`MvKx
5. kymZkvXn N Ahthym Pohx ]tam
`MvKx
6. kymmkv Xn N Ah thym Pohx
jjvtTm `MvKx
7. kymZkvXn \mkvXn N Ahthym Pohx
CXn k]vXtam `MvKx
1. Poh Fp ]d bp tm Poh \n
29. GIckhcvWKtm Zznkv]cvix ImcyenMvKoN ]qc
WKe\ kz`mh ]pZvKemkvXnImbx k N ]camWp
cq]x (Sn 178) CXns `mjmcw Cs\bmhWw
GXn GI c k hW K fp tm, cp Xcw
kv ]iaptm, Imcyw GXns Nnambncnppthm
hfcpI, \inpI Fnh kz`mhambncnppthm
AXt{X ]pZvKemkvXnImbw. ]camWpcq]amWXv.
30. tNX\m etWmPohx tNX\m N m\Zit\m
] tbmKo A\ ]cymb ]cn Wman IXrI
t`mIvXrXzmZn etWm PohmkvXnImbx (Sn 179)
31. ]mkvXnImbm\mw, ]cXzm]ctXz \h ]pcmWmZn
enMvK hyhrnhcvcq] ]cymbx Imex (Sn, 180)
32. ChnsS 3Dw 4 Dw At\ym\yw amdntmbnpv. kymZ
kvXn\mkvXncqt]m PohkvXrXotbm`MvKx, kymZh
thym PohXptYm`MvKx Fp htcXmWv.
318
Poh\p hncp amb PU ] Zm fpsS
A`mhw FXv Hmw `MvKamWv.
2. Poh PUne F {]kvXmhhpap
mIpp. CXv cmw `MvKamWv.
3. Poh ]dbX. CXv aqmw `MvKw.
4. "Poh icocw [cnptm {]kn\pw,
icocw hnSptm A{]kn\pamWv' Fp
]dbpXv NXpY`MvKw.
5. "Poh Dv, Fm hWnmhpX'
Fp ]dbpXv ]a`MvKw.
6. Poh {]Xy{]amWw sImv hWn
mhpX. AXn\m Npn\v {]Xy
a Fp ]dbpXv Bdmw `MvKamWv.
7. Hcp kabw A\pam\{]amWwsImv Poh
\pspw Atms AZriyambXp
sImpw Hcpt]mse CcnmXpsImpw,
{]XnWw ]cnWanpXpsImpw, AXp
t]mse Cu Poh Dv . C; C, Dv .
Fns\bp hyhlmchpw ]mSnmXm
Wv. CXmWv Ggmw `MvKw.
Cs\ \nXyXzk]vX`MvKnbpw A\nXyXz
]v X ` Mv Knbpw kmam\y[aw, hntij [aw,
KpW]cnWmaw Fnhb\pkcnv {]bpam
Ip p.
33
{Zhy, KpW, Icv a, kz`m h ,
]cymb Fnhbvv AXncnmXn\m
k]vX`MvKpw AXncn.
34
CXmWv
_u ssP \m Zn I fpsS kymZzmZhpw k]v X
`MvKn\ymbhpw.
35
kaoI Cu {]kvXmhsamw IqSn
At\ym\y`mhn km[ay ssh[ayfp
bnv km[nmhptXbpq. Cu kcf{]
{Inb Ifv ITn\cN\ \SnbXv Am
\nIsf hebn hogvm\mWv. t\mq Poh
\n AtNX\nsbpw AtNX\n Poh
sbpw A`mhw Dtbpv. Poh\pw PUhpw
hnphbmIbm AXn km[ayhpw,
tNX\hpw AtNX\phpamIbm ssh[ayhpw
AXm bXv Poh \n ssNX \y n s
"AkvXn' Dbpw. PUn \mkvXn
Cmbvabpw Dv. CXpt]mse PUn PU
Xzapv. tNX\Xzan. CXpsImv KpWIa
kz `m h fpsS kam \ [ahpw, hn cp
[ahpwNn nv Ch bpsSsbmw kv ]X `
Mv Knbpw kymZzm Zhpw thKw {Kln m
hpXmWv. ]nsn\o hfpsIv?
C\n ssP\aXsn am{Xw FgpXmw.
1. NnZNnXv tZz ]tc XtzhnthIkvXZzn
thN\av. D]mtZbap]mtZbw tlbw tlbw
N IpcvhXx
2. tlbw ln IcvXrcmKmZn XZvImcy ahn
thIn\x, D]mtZbw ]cw tPymXncp]tbmssK
IeWav.
1. ssP\, NnXv ANnXv = tNX\w, PUw
Fo ]cXzsf am{Xw AwKoIcnpp.
ChbpsS hnthN\at{X hnthIw. kzoImcyam
bXns\ kzoIcnv. XymPyambhsb \ncmIcn
pbmfmWv hnthIn.
2. PKXvImhnt\mSv cmKw. PKXv {kjvSm
hpv F hnizmkw Fo AhnthI
XyPnWw. tbmKenXhpw ]catPymXnkz
cq]hpamb Pohs\ am{Xw kzocnWw.
Pohs\bmsX asmcp tNX\Xzamb
Cuizcs\ kzoIcnpn. A\mZnknamb
Cuizc\nsmWv _ussP\cpsS hnizm
kw.
_ussP\ Hv cmPminh{]kmZv
""CXnlmkXnanc\miI'' sa {Kn
cmPminh{]kmZv Chtcn FgpXpXn{]Im
camWv "Chv cpt]cpIfpv. _u
Fpw ssP\ Fpw. Ch ]cymb]Zfm
Wv. Fm _ucn hmaamKnIfpw aZy
amw km lm cn I fp am b h cp v . Ch tcmSv
ssP\v hntcm[apv. Fm almhoc,
KW [ c \mb KuX a Fnh cpsS t]cv
_u, _p Fp hncnpp. ssP\n
I KW[c Fpw Pn\hc Fpw''.
Chcn ssP\scn cmPinh{]kmZv CXn
lm k Xn anc \m i\w aqmw J Wv U n
Cs\ FgpXpp Bbncw hjw apv
Pohn n cp i cm Nm cyp apv `mc X
33.Ghw, \nXyXz k]vX`MvKo A\nXyXz k]vX`wKn
Ghw kmam\y[amWmw hntij[amWmw KpWm\mw
]cymbmWmw {]tXyIw k]vX`MvKo. ({]IcW cXv\m
Icw193)
34.Ghw. ]mkvXnImtb {]XykvXnImba\x, k]vX
`MvtKym `hn (Sn. 193)
35._ucv kymZzmZhpw k]vX`MvKn\ymbhpw AwKoI
cnpn.
319
hjw apgph\pw _u tcm ssP\tcm
BWpmbncpXv.
CXns\mcp Ipdnv: _usap ]d
Xn\v . alm ho c sbpw KW [ c Ku X asbpw
Imew apX icmNmcycpsS Imew hsc `mc
XhjsammsI {]Ncnncp thZhncp aX
samWYw. AtimIsbpw k{XncmPm
hnsbpw aXambncpnXv. CXn\nv ssP\
Hcp Xcnepw HgnhmIpn. Pn\\n \nv
ssP\hpw _p\n \nv _uhpw Dm
bn. cpw ]cymb]ZfmWv. \nLpfn
cn\pw HcYw ]dncnpp. KuXas\
CcpIqcpw AwKoIcnpp. Asn "Zo]
hwiw' apX emb ]gb _u {K fn
imIy ap \n bmb KuX a _p s\ almho c
FsgpXnbncnpsXn\mWv? B Imev
cpw Hcp aXambncpncnWw. KuXaaX
msc ssP\ FsgpXmsX _u Fv
FgpXnbXv A\ytZim ssP\sc _u
scp hnfnpt]mXpsImp am{XamWv.
AactImiw
AactImin
36
Cs\ FgpXnbncn
pp. 1. khxkpKtXm _ptm [cva
cmPkvXYmKXx, ka`t{Zm `Kh amcPn
tmIPnnXx
2. jU`ntm Zi_temfZzbhmZo hn\m
bIx, ap\o{x {io[\x imkvXm ap\nx imIy
ap\nkvXp kx
3. k imIyknwlx kcv hmcv Yx knx
iutmZ\n kx KuXamcv_p
ambmtZho kpX kx (Aa c tImiw 1mw
ImWvUw, kzKhKx 810)
t\mq, _p, Pn \, _u\pw
ssP\\pw Fmw Htc t]ct? AtXm Aac
knwl\pw sXp ]ntmtbm?
AhnZzmmcmb ssP\ kzhpw A\yhpw
AdnhnmsX hXpw ]pensmncnpp.
Fm , _p Pn\, _uw ssP\w
Fnh ]cymb]ZfmsWv hnZzmmcmb
ssP\dnbmw.
atXm\pw ssP\ knm
Poh\mWv Cuizc\mIpXv. Xoc
apn {]m]npIbpw CuizccmhpIbpw sNp
p. A\mZnbmb Hcoizc\n. kh,
hoXcmK, Al, tIheo, XowIrX,
Pn\ Fobmdpw \mkvXnIcpsS
37
tZhm
cpsS t]cmWv.
N{kqcn Fbmfns "B]vX\nbme
mcw' F {Kn Cs\sbgpXpp
1. kcv htm hoX cm KmZn tZm j
kvss{XtemIy ]qPnXx, bYmnXmcvYhmZo
N tZthmfcvl ]ctaizcx
38
CXpXs sXuXmXnX
39
mcpw FgpXnbn
cnpp.
2. kcv htm Zriy tX Xm h t Zm\o
kv aZmZn`nx, Zrjv tSm \ ssNI tZ tifkv Xn
enMvKw hmtbm\pfam]tbXv
36. AactImiImc\mb Aacknwls aXw ssP\
tam, _utam, sshZnItam F kwibw Cpw
Xonn. ]WvUnXmv Cu hnjbn sFI
aXyan. aebmfnse {]ikvXamb Aacw ]mcta
izco Imhmb Sn.kn. ]ctaizc aqXv, Aac
knw l ssP\ \m sW ] m c \m Wv . Aacw
]mctaizcnv ]WvUntXmNnXambn FgpXnbncnp
AhXmcnIbn {io hSpwIq cmPcmPh, Aa
cknwl sshZnI {_mW\msWv kwibsat\y
{]kvXmhnncnpp. sshZnI {_mWcmWv ssP\
cmbsXImcyw adphm ]mSn. GXv aXtbpw
Dsmphm Ignbp sshZnIaXns A\p
bmbnI, B Dsm {]{InbnSbn ]ca
Xns \ndw _pnbnepw hrnbnepw {]ISnn
pw. Cpw ssP\aXfpsS kzm[o\w sshZnIa
Xn sImSnIpn hmgppv. _ussP\
A`n cm bn cn s, Aa c knw l ssP\ \m bmepw
_u\mbmepw Ipgan. Atlw ssP\_u
mcpsS ISp kzo[o\apmbncp {_mWt\m
{Xnbt\m Bbncnm\mWv hgn. "knwl' i_vZw
{_mW\man Amepw Cpw {]Npca
FXpw kv ac Wo bw. Cm ev `mc Xo b _pn
BwtmCy _pnbmbncnpXpt]mse Am
ev sshZnI_pn, _u\ndapXmbncpp. Aa
c tIm i nse tmI kwJy ]e X c n em sWp
ImWmw. Aacw ]mctaizcnbn Cu tmIkwJy 13
1415 BWv. Zbm\aljn AactImis {]mam
WnI ]mTy{Kambn AwKoIcnnn.
37. \mkvXnIcpsS _ussP\cpsS
38. khZi\ kw{Klnse AlX Zi\w t]Pv
56
39. XpXmXnX FXv Ipamcne`s thsdmcp t]cm
Wv. _u ]cymba. khZi\ kw{Kln
(t]Pv 302) bmhtm bmZriymtbNm F ImcnI
Ipamcne`s tmIhmnIns 527mw t]Pn
(NuJw_mkocokv, Imin) AXp]Sn ImWmw. a
t\Iw sXfnhpIfpnXn\v.
320
3. \NmK a hn[nx In nXy kcv h
t_m[Ix, \N X{XmYhmZm\mw XmXv]cy
a]n Iev]tX.
4. \Nm \ymcv Y {][m ss\ kv ssX kv X Z
kvXnXzw hn[obtX, \Nm\phZnXpw iIyx
]qcvhass\yct_m[nXx
40
1. cmKmZn tZmjclnX\pw {XntemIfnepw
]qPn X\pw, bYm hXv ]ZmY ]d bp
h\pw Bb AltZh XsbmWv Cuiz
c.
2. Ctm \mw Cuiz cs\ ImWp n .
AXn\m kh\pw A\mZnbpamb Cuiz
c {]Xy\. {]Xy{]amWw tNcm
XpsImv A\pam\hpw tNcpIbn. Fs
m Hsmcwiw {]XyambXn am{Xta
A\pam\w tNcq.
41
3. {]Xy hpw A\p am \hpw Cs n
BKaw AXmbXv \nXy\pw A\mZnbpw kh
\pamb ]cammhv t_m[nn i_vZ{]
amWhpw DmhpIbn. aqp {]amWfpw
Csn AYhmZw AYhm, kvXpXn, \n
]c Ir Xn sb ]c N cnX hW \, ]pcm
Iev ]w
42
AYhm, CXn lmkn s
XmXv]cyw Fnhbpw tNcmXmhpw.
4. A\ymY{][m\w AXmbXv _lp{holn
kamkns\tmse ]tcmambpw ]cam
knn DmmhpX. Atm A\phmZw
Gp]dn FXpw CuizcImcyn
km[ya. D]tZjvSmfn \np tImsX
Gp ]dbpI FXv Dulnmt]mepw Ign
bp I bn .
43
ChbpsS {]XymJym\w AYhm JWvU\w
A\mZnbmb Cuizc Csn AltZ
hs amXm]nXmfptSbpw apw icocns
Icp Bcpmpw? kwtbmK Imhns\
IqSmsX Fm AhbhfpapXpw btYm
NnXw {]hnpXpamb Hcp icocw Dm
m km[ytab. icocw \nnX ambncn
p ]ZmY PUamIbm Ahbvv
DacN\mbpamb icocambnocm Ign
bpX. Fsm Ahbn DmIm\p
m\ an . cmKmZn tZmj fp m bn cn p
Ibpw ]noSv Ah CmXmhpIbpw sNp
Cuizc Hcnepw Cuizc\. Fsm
GXp\nanm cmKmZnIfn \np apn
bp m Ip pthm AXv hnsm gn bp tm
AXn s Imcy amb apn bn m XmIpw.
As\ B apn A\nXyamIpw. Aev]hpw
Aev ] hpw BbXv Hcn epw khhpw
khhpw BhpIbn. Pohs kzcq]w
GI tZ in bpw, KpW Ia kz `m h ]cn an
Xhpw BWv. AXv Fm hnZyIfnepw Fm
hn[nepw bYm hmhmIpIbn. AXn
\m \nfpsS XoYc Hcnepw Cuiz
c\.
]cammhv tbmKn {]Xyw
\n {]XyambXns\ am{Xta hniz
kn pppthm? A{] Xy s hniz kn
nt? ImXpsImv cq]hpw IpsImv i
_v Zhpw {Kln m \m Im Xp t]mse A\m
Znbmb ]cammhns\ ZinpXn\v C{n
b kaYa. ipmxIcWhpw hnZybpw
tbmKm`ymkhpwsImt ]hn{Xmmhn\v ]c
ammhns\ Zinm IgnbpIbpq. ]Tn
msX hnZybpsS {]tbmP\ e`nm
Xp t]mse tbmKm `ym khpw hnm \hpw
40.kh Zi\ kw{Klnse AlX Zi\w t]Pv
56
41.XuXmXn Ipamcne`s A\pbmbnIfmb aoamw
kIcpw kh\mb Cuizc\ns aXmcpam
Wv. AhcpsS kh JWvU\mYamWotmIw
XuXmXnXthZm\pbmbnIfmsWnepw kh
\mb Cuizcs\ kzoIcnmXp t]mse ssP\cmb
Rfpw kzoIcnpnsp XmXv]cyw.
42.kvXpXncv\nm]cIrXnx ]pcmIev] CXycvYhmZx (\ym
bw2164)
43.ChnsS DrXamb A\ymcvY{][mss\x FXns
AYw Cs\bmWv A\yXmXv]cyt_m[Iamb
GsX nepw AY hm Z hm Iy n khs
AkvXnXzn\v A\phmZapmbmepw ap{]amW
fm At_m [n X amb AYw (kh Xzw)
Fs\ A\phmZw sNm\mIpw? Fsm knn
Xns A\phmZw am{XtabpfhmIq. aljn _lp
{holn kamkw \ntinXpw icnbmWv. _lp{ho
lnbn ]XnX]Wx Fp]dm CehoWXv
FYw. hramWv ChnsS hnh. CesImgn
Xv Ce sImgnn FnhbmsX asmns\
{KlnbmWnhnsS sNpXv. AXpt]mse ]tcm
`qXamb ]cammhnse ]caBm FnhbpsS
kmam \ymY n \n \y amb Hns\ {Kln
mtam? ]XnX]Wxbn hmNyhkvXp {]Xyam
Wv. Fm ]cammhn AXs\b.
321
CmsX ]cammhns\ ImWm\pw BhpI
bn .
`qan bpsS cq]mZn KpW am{Xw I
dnv `qanbpsv {]Xy ambn XnsSp
p Xp t]mse Cuiz cs cN \m hn ti j
fmb Nn krjvSnbn IpsImv
]cammhns\ {]Xyammw. ]m]mNcWw
sNm XpSptm AIta\npmIp
`bhpw ibpw ebpw Acymanbmb ]c
am mhp \nanapm Ip Xm Wv . CXp
sImpv ]cammhv {]XyamIpp. ]ns
A\p am \ ap s XnsemWp kwibw?
{]Xyhpw A\pam\hpw knnptXmSp
IqSn BKahpw knnpp. AXv \nXy\pw
A\mZnbpw kh\pamb Cuizc t_m[n
n p Xm Wv . AXn \m i_v Z {] am Whpw
Cuizc\nemWv. aqp {]amWfm Cuiz
cs\ Adn bm Poh\p Ign bp p sh n
AYhm Zhp w Kp W { ] iwk sNbv Xv
hmgvicnbmbn tNcpw. Fsm \nXy
]ZmfpsS KpWIa kz`mhhpw \nXy
ambncnpw. Ahsb {]iwknpXn {]Xn
_sampan.
a\pjycpsS {]hrnIfn t]mepw Im
hn msX Hcp Imcyhpw \S p I bn m Xp
t]mse Cu alZv Im cyhpw Imhn m sX
\SpsaXv Xopw Akw`hyamWv. Imcy
ans\bncns, Cuizc\psXn aqV
\pt]mepw ktlw DmIm h. ]camm
hns\n D] tZ in p h cpsS hmp I
tIm ]noSXv Gp]dbpXv kcfamIpw.
AXn \m {]Xy m Zn {] am W sImv
CuizcJWvU\w sNpXpw apw A\pNn
XamWv.
tNmZyw: 1. A\mtZcmKakymcvtYm \N
kcvh BZnam Ir{XntaW XzktXy\
k IYw {]Xn]mZytX.
2. AY XZz N t\ ss\h kh tm
fss\yx {]ZobtX {]Ievt]X IYw knnc
t\ymf\ym {ibtbmkvXtbm.
3. kcvhtmbm hmIyw kXyw tX\
XZkvXnXm, IYw XZp`bw knt[yXv knaq
emcmZrtXx
44
1. BZn bp kh A\m Zn im
kv{Xn\v hnjbamhpIn. Fsm Xm
DmIpXn\p apt Dmb AXn Xs
Imcyw Fs\ hcpw? AkXyhN\fm
AXns\ Fs\ {]Xn]mZnpw?
2. Cuiz cs hN \ sIm pXs
Cuiz c knn Dm Ip sa n A\m Zn bmb
Cuiz c \n\nv A\m Zn imkv {X ns
knnbpw A\mZnimkv{Xn \nv A\mZn
bmb Cuizcs knnbpw At\ym\ym{ib
tZmjapmpXmWv.
3. Fs m kh s hN \ am I
bm thZw kXyambncnbpw, B thZhN\
m Cuizcknn DmIpIbpamsWn
CsX s\ knn m \mWv ? imkv {X n
sbpw Cuiz c sbpw knnbv v aqm a
sXmcp {]amWw thWw. CXv kzoIcnm
]w A\hmtZmjw hp `hnpw.
Dcw: R Cuizct\bpw Cuizcs
KpW Ia kz `m h tfbpw A\m Zn bm sWv
AwKoI cn p p. A\m Znbpw \nXy hp am b
hbn Hcnepw At\ym\ym{ibtZmjw hcn
Ibn. Imcyn\nv ImcW m\hpw
Imc W n\nv Imcy m \hpw Dm
Ipp. Imcyn ImcWnsbpw ImcW
n Imcynsbpw kz`mhw \nXyamWv.
AXpt]mse Cuizc\pw Cuizcs KpW
Iakz`mhfpw \nXyamIbm Cuizc{]Wo
Xamb thZn A\hmtZmjw hcnIbn.
\n XoYc\vamsc Cuizc\mbn Icp
XpXv Hcnepw bpa. amXm]nXmfn
msX AhcpsS icocw Xs DmhpIbn
Fn icocanmsX Ahscs\ Xm]
cybneqsS m\hpw apnbpw t\Spw? AXp
t]mse kwtbm K n\v \n b ambpw BZn
bpv. hntbmKanmsX kwtbmKan. AXn
\m A\mZnbpw krjvSnImhpamb Cuiz
c\n hnizknpI.
t\mq, Hcm F{Xtbm kn \m bn cp
mepw icocmZnIfpsS cN\mssh`hw ]qW
ambn Adn bp I bn . kn n sb { ]m]n
Pohmmhn\pw kpjp]vXnbn Hcp m\
hpw Dm bn cn p I bn . Poh ZpxJs
{]m]n p tm m\hpw Ipd bp p.
44. AlZi\w t]Pv 5657
322
Cs\ ]cnn kmaYybp\pw, GItZ
ihmknbpw BbXns\ Cuizc\msWp k
ev]nm {`m_pnIfmb ssP\msX
ampw km[ya. Xocm amXm]n
Xmfn \nmWv P\nsXp ]dbp]
w, B amXm]nXm Bcn \np P\np?
AhcpsS amXm ]n Xm Bcn \np
P\np? Cs\ A\hmtZmjw hpIqSp
p.
BkvXnI \mkvXnI kwhmZw
{]I cW cXv \m Icw cmw `mK nse
Bkv Xn I \mkv Xn I kwhm Z sa `mK
nse
45
tNmtZymc ChnsS FgpXmw.
almssP\n I CXv k Xn w Ko I cn Xpw
t_mw_bn ap{ZWw sNbvXXpamWv
46.
\mkvXnI: Cuizcs CsImv Hpw
\SpIbn. Fmw \SpXv IawsImm
Wv.
BkvXnI: IaamWv Fmn\pw ImcW
san Iaw sNpXmcv? PohmmhmWv
Iaw sNpsXn AXn\p ImcWamb
t{im{XmZn C{nb FhnsS\npmbn?
A\mZnIme \mbn, kz`m th\ Dm Ip Xm
sWn A\mZnhkvXpsf ]cnXyPnm\m
hmsX \nfpsS aXn kZmapnbpsS
A`mhw Dmbncnpw. {]mK`mhw
47
t]mse
Iaw A\mZnbpw kmhpw BsWp ]d
bp ]w bmsXmcp {]bXv\hpw IqSmsX
Ghcpw Ian \np \nhrcmbnocpw.
Cuizc êZmXmhsn Pohmmhv ]m]
êamb ZpxJs Hcnepw tkzbm kzoI
cnpIbn. Im tamjWn\p in
kzbw A\p`hnpIb, cmPyhyhb\pk
cnv A\p`hntbbpq. AXpt]mse Cuiz
c A\p`hnnpXpsImmWv Pohmmhv
]m] ]p Wy ^ e A\p ` hn p Xv .
A\yYm Iakcapmbn
48
Hcphs Ia
êw asmcph A\p`hnphm CSbmIpw.
\mkv Xn I: Cuiz c A{In b \m Wv .
Fsm Iw sNp ]w Ia^
ehpw A\p`hnWw. AXn\m ssIheyw
{]m]napmsc R A{Inbcmbn ]cn
KWnpXpt]mse \nfpw IcpXWw.
BkvXnI : Cuizc A{Inb\. k{In
b\mWv tNX\amIbm FpsImv Im
hm bn qSm? Im hn\v {Inb bn\nv
thdnp \nev m\pw km[y a . \nfpsS
Xoccmb Ir{Xna Cuizcm PohmXvam
hn\n p m b Xm sWp \n hniz kn
pw]Sn hnZzmmcpw hnizknpn. GsX
nepw \nan n\np m Ip Xv A
\nXyhpw ]cm[o\hpw Bbncnpw. Cuizc
BIpXn\p apv AXv Poh\mbncpp. ]noSv
GtXm \nanm Cuizc\mbn. Fn
AXv hopw Poh BIpw. kzw PohXzkz
`mhs Hcnepw shSnbphm IgnbpIbn
. Pohmmhv A\ImeambpXmWv. A\
Imew hsc \ne\nevpIbpw sNpw. AXn
\m A\mZnbpw kzbw kn\pamb Cuiz
cs\ hnizknpIbmWv DNnXw.
t\mq, Cu kabpw Pohmm ]m]
]pWy sNpp, kpJZpxJf\p`hnp
p. Cuiz c CsXm cn epw sNp n .
Cuizc {Inbmhm\mbncpsn Cu PK
ns\sbmw Fs\ Dmpambncpp?
Iaw { ]mK `mhw t]mse A\m Zn bp w
kmhpw BsWv hnizknm Iaw ka
hmb _n
49
hcn I bn . ka hmb
_anmXv kwtbmKPambn A\nXyambn
ocpw. apnbn {InbmclnX\msWntem?
ap Po h m\ hmt\m Am tXm?
m\ hm s\ n Ax {Inbm hm \mbn.
45.{]IcWcXv\mIcnse 177211 t]PpIfnemWnXv.
ChnsS kwt]n ncnpp. Bkv XnI\p ]Icw
\mkvXnI Fpw adnpw amnbnpv. AXmbXv
{]I c W c Xv \m I c nse ]qh ]w D c ]
ambpw Dc]w ]qh]ambpw amnbncnpp.
46.{]I c W c Xv \m Icw cmw `mKw imlv òwknwKv
amWIv F bm t_mws_ \n W b km Kc
{]kn\nv hn{Iam_vZw 1933 (G.Un. 1875) {]Im
i\w sNbvXp.
47.{]mK`mhw IpSapmIpXn\v apv IpSns
A`mhw A\mZnbmbn Dmbncpp. B an\nv
apsmcn AXoXImev IpSapmbXmhmw.
]t Ctm A`mhw A\mZnbmWv. \apdnhnm
Xp sImv ! IpS ap m b tm B A\m Zn bmb
A`mhw Ahkm\np. CXt{X kmhpw A\mZnbp
amb A`mhw.
48. Iaw AtNX\amWv. AXn\m Ian\v AXns
Imhns\ AdnpIqSm. AXn\m FhnsSsb
nepw _sm Iakcw DmIpp.
323
apnbn Ipt]mse PUamIptam? HcnSv
Hpw sNmsX hoWpInSptam? Fnse
mWv apn? A Im c nepw _ \
nepw hoWpt]mIemWnXv!
\mkvXnI: Cuizc hym]I\. hym]
I\msWn Fm hkvXpfpw tNX\amIm
sXv? {_mW, {Xnb, sshiy,
iq{Z apXemb Daa[ya\nIrjvS Ah
Isffs\ hpIqSn? Fmnepw Cuiz
c Hcpt]mse hym]I\msWn heps
dpw DmbnqSmXmWv.
BkvXnI: hym]yhpw hym]I\pw H
. hym]yw GItZinbpw hym]I ktZ
inbpamWv. BImiw Fmnepw hym]IamWv.
`qan apX emb k L S ] Sm Zn Ifpw 50
hym]yhpw GItZinbpamWv. ]rYnhnbpw BIm
ihp w H m Xp t]mse Cuiz c\p w
PKpw H . Fm LS ] Sm Zn I fnepw
BImiw hym]IamsWnepw LS]SmZnI
BImia. AXpt]mse tNX\\mb Cuiz
c Fhn sSbpw hym] I \m sW nepw Fm
hkv Xp fpw tNX \ a . hnZzm\pw aqV\pw
[njvT\pw, A[anbpw Hcpt]memXp
t]mse hnZymZn kZvKpW, kXy`mjWw,
kXyIaw, kz`mhw apXembhbpsS \yq\m
[n Iy a \p k cnv {_mW sshiy iq{Z
AyPmZnIsf hepXpw sNdpXpambn KWn
pp. hWhyh \memw kapmkn
hymJym\nnpXv t\mpI.
\mkvXnI: Cuizc cN\bmemWv krjvSn
bpmIpsXn amXm]nXmfpsS Bh
iysav?
Bkv Xn I: Cuiz cob krjv Sn bpsS
Imhv Cuizc\mWv. ssPhkrjvSnIfptS
X . Pohn I fpsS I hy I aw Cuiz c
sNpIbn. Poht\ sNq. hrêHuj
[m Zn I Cuiz c \p m n. Ah sb Spv
CSnpw s]mSnpw Bhiyamb ]ZmYfp
mn, `nmXncpm ]Icw Cuizc
Xs CsXmw sNptam? Pohm m
sNm ]w PohnXta Dmhn. AXn
\m BZnkrjvSnbn Pohs icocfpw
AXns Icpfpw DmpXv Cuizcm[o\
hrnbpw, ]noSv ]p{XmZnIfpsS Dev]n
Pohm[o\{]hrnbpamWv.
51
\mkvXnI: ]cammhv imizX\pw A\m
Znbpw NnZm\hpw m\kzcq]hpw Bbn
cns PKns \qemameIfnepw ZpxJn
epw Fn\p hps]Spp. B\w hnsdnv
ZpxJs kzoIcnpIsbXv km[mcW a\p
jyt]mepw sNpIbn. ]ns Cuizcs\
s\ sNpw?
Bkv Xn I: ]c am mhv Hcp \qem am e
bnepw ZpxJ nepw hp s] Sp n . kzw
B\w XyPn p p an . \qem am e I fnepw
ZpxJ nepw hp s] Sp hm GI tZ in bm b
Xns\ Ignbq. ktZinv km[ya. A\m
Znbpw NnZm\hpw m\kzcq]hpamb ]c
ammhn\msX amv Cu PKpmm
Ign bpw? PK p m m Pohm m hn\v
kmaYyan. ]cammhpXs PKpmp
Ibpw kZm B\ n hn p Ibpw
sNpp Fv CXn\nv knambn. ]cam
mhv ]camWpsfsImv krjvSnpXp
t]mse, amXm]nXmfmIp \nanImcWw
sImpw DXv ]np ihfpw \nb
ahpw Dmnhncnpp.
\mkv Xn I: Cuiz c apn cq ]n bmb
kpJs XyPnv PKrjvSn]me\w{]fbw
apXemb `mctfsXn\v?
BkvXnI: Cuizc kZm ap\mWv.
GItZinIfpw _\ kZriamb apnsb
{]m]n XoYcmtctmseb k\mX\
\mb Cuizc. A\amb KpWIakz`mh
ap ]cammhv AXnXpamb Cu PKns\
cNnv ]menv {]fbnnppshnepw _
\ n hcp n . Fs m _ \hpw
tamhpw kmt] n I am Wv . _ \s
At]nv apnbpw apnsb At]nv
_\hpw `hnpp. Hcnepw _\m
Xn\v apnsbmWv? GItZinbmb Poh
49.Zmi\nI kwtbmKw cpXcnemWv. Hv kwtbm
KPw atXv kmahmbnIw. kahmb_w KpWhpw
KpWnbpw Iahpw Iahm\pw Ahbhhpw Ahb
hnbpw PmXnbpw hynbpw XnepXmWv. CXv
\nXyamWv.
50. LSw ]Sw Fnh cphkvXpsf kqNnnm
D] tbm Kn p Zmi \nI kw I fm Wv . IpSw,
XpWn FYw.
51. t]Pv 349 apX t\mpI.
324
am{Xta Ftmgpw _t\m apt\m BIp
pq. A\\pw khtZinbpw, khhym
]I\pamb Cuizc _\ntem ss\an
nIamb apnbntem \nfpsS XoYc
msctmse hp hogpn. AXn\m ]c
ammhv Ftmgpw Xs ap\mWv.
\mkvXnI: amZIhkvXp D]tbmKn
ptm aZw X\ntb DmIpXpt]mse
Poh Iaêw A\p`hnpsImpw, CXn
Cuizc\v Imcysampan.
Bkv Xn I: I mcpw Ip hm fn Ifpw
ZpjvSmcpw kzbw ImcmKrlhmktam Xqp
in jtbm kzoI cn p I bn . kzoI cn m
B{KlnpIbpan. cmPys \ymb hyh
{]Imcw _emevmcambn ]nSnIqSn inn
bmWv ]Xnhv. CXpt]mse Poh\pw Cuizc
kzw \ymbhyh{]Imcw kzw, kzw
Ia \p k cnv bYm tbmKyw in \
evIpp. Hcp Poh\pw kzw ZpjvIns
êa\p`hnm B{Klnpn. AXn\m
]cammhns \ymbm[oiXzw Dmtb Ign
bq.
\mkvXnI : PKn Hcoizc\pXv.
adnv F{X ap Pohm m fptm Ah
scmw CuizcmcmWv.
BkvXnI: CXp shdptX ]dbpIbmWv.
Fs m Hcn _ \mbn apnsb
{]m]npbm hopw _\n s]Spw.
kz`mth\ apcmXmWv ImcWw. \n
fpsS Ccp]n\mev Xocmcpw _cm
bncpp. ]noSv apcmbn hopw _cmIpw.
IqSmsX At\Iw Cuizcmcpmbm Poh
Isftmse Ahcpw Ielnpw.
\mkv Xn I: aqVm mth! PK n\v
Imhn. kzbw knamWo PKv.
BkvXnI: CXv ssP\nIfpsS F{Xtbm
alm aqV hn izm k amWv ! Im hn msX
FsXnepw Iatam IaanmsX GsXnepw
Imcytam temIn DmbnmWpptm?
tKmXv hben hpXs kzbw s]mSnv
Aambn ssP\cpsS hbn sNp Fp
]dbpXn\p kam\amWv. ]n Hcnepw
X\ntb \qepw XpWnbpw AwKhkv {Xhpw,
cmw appw, thjvSnbpw Xemhpambn hcp
n . Cs\ kw`hnmbv Ibm Cuizc
Ir Xz an msX hnhn[ PKpw cN\m
hntijsshhn[yhpw Fs\ DmIm\mWv?
imTyw ]nSnv PKv kzbw knamsWv
hnizknm app ]d hkv{Xfpwapw
Im hn msX {]Xy am n c Ww.
As\ sNm\mhnsn \nfpsS {]am
WclnXamb hmpI GXv _pnam\mWv
hnizknpI?
\mkvXnI: Cuizc hnct\m tamln
Xt\m? hncIvXs\n PKns \qemame
Ifn s]sXn\v? tamlnXs\n PKXv
\namWn\v kaY\mhpIbpan.
BkvXnI: Cuizc\n Hcnepw hnc
nbpw tamlhpw C. kh hym ] I \mb
Cuizc GXns\ Xpw GXns\ sImpw?
Cuizct\m Datam Cuizc\v A{]m
]ytam Bbn Hcp hkv Xp hp an . AXn \m
Hnepw tamlan. hncnbpw Bknbpw
Pohmmhn\p tNcpw. Cuizc\p tNcpIbn.
\mkvXnI: Cuizcs\ PKXvImhpw
Pohs IaêZmXmhpw Bbn IcpXnbm,
Cuizc {]m]nI ZpJnsv ZpxJnX
\mhpw.
Bkv Xn I: hn hn [ Ia fp sS
Imhpw, PohnIfpsS êZmXmhpw [man
I\pw, \ymbm [o i \p amb hnZzm Ia
fns]SpItbm {]m]nI\mhpItbm sNp
nsn A\ kmaYybp\mb Cuiz
c Fs\ {]m] n It\m ZpxJn Xt\m
BIpw? \n \ntftmsebpw Xo
cmsctmsebpw Cuizcs\ IcpXppm
hmw. CsXmw Ahn Zy \n an am Wv .
AXn\np hnSp X B{K ln p s n
thZmZn kXy im kv {X sf B{i bn pI.
hn{àPmen s]spgsXn\mWv.
ssP\cpsS PKv
ssP\ PK ns\ Fmbn Icp Xp p
shv AhcpsS kq{Xfn ]dncnp
Xp t]mse hnh cn mw. Hm aXv kwt]
ambn aqemYw ]d bp Ibpw ]noSv t\cpw
Ihpw Fsp kaobpw sNmw.
aqew: kman AWmC AWt NDKCu
kwkmctLmcImmtc, tamlmC IKpcp
325
TnC hnhmKhkD àC Pothm.
52
({]IcWcXv\mIcw, 2mw `mKw, kayz
kzcq]kvXhw, kqx2)
CXv {]IcWcXv\mIcw cmw`mKw F
{Kn kayz{]Imiw F {]IcW
n KuXa\pw almhoc\pambp kwhmZ
amWv. CXns kwn]vXhpw D]bphpamb
AYanXmWv: Cu kwkmcw A\mZnbpw A\
hp am Wv . AXns DXv ]n Dm bn n .
\mi ap m hp I bp an . AXm bXv Bcpw
krjv SnX CsX Yw. AXp sIm mWv
BkvXnI\mkvXnI kwhmZn, tl aqV!
PKns Imhmbn Bcpan. Hcnepw
\inpIbpan Fp ]dXv.
53
kaoI: kwtbmKm DmIpXv
Hcnepw A\mZnbpw A\hpw BIpIbn.
Dev ] nbpw hn\m ihpw Dm ImsX Iaw
C. PKn DmIphsbmw DXv]n
hn\m i tfm Sp Iq Sn b Xm sWp ImWmw.
]nss\bmWv PKv DXv]n hn\mi
fn m XmIp Xv . AXn \m \n fpsS
XoYcmv icnbmb t_m[anmbncpp.
Dm bn cp s n Ccw Akw ` hy Imcy
sfs\sbgpXn?
\n Kpcp mv tN injy
mXs. \nfpsS hmpI tIp
hpw Hcnepw ]Zmm\w Dmhp
I bn. {]Xy ambn kwbp ] Zmw
Inpw AXns DXv ]n hn\m i
AwKo I cn m sXv ? AXm bXv Ch cpsS
Kpcp mpw ssP \n Ipw `qan im
kv{Xhpw tPymXnximkv{Xhpw Adnhnmbncp
p. Ctmgpw Chv Adnhn. Dmbncps
n C\nsbgpXp Akw`hyImcy hniz
knbpw ]dbpIbpw sNpsXs\?
Cu krjvSnbn "]rYnhoImbw' ]rYnhn
Pohs icocamWv. PeImbmZnIfpw Poh\mWv
Fp IcpXpp. CXv Bpw kzoIcnmhp
X. C\nbpapv anYymhmpI ssP\n
I Cuizc\mbpw kayIvm\nIfmbpw Icp
Xp XomcmcpsS anYy{]e]\v
GXm\pw DZmlcWw ]dbmw.
cXv\kmcw 1mw `mKw 145mw t]Pn
ssP\ AwKoIcnp {KamWnXv 1879
G{]n 28mw XobXn _\mdkn ssP\{]
`mIc {]n \m\IvNvPXn ASnnv {]Im
i\w sNbv X XmWv AXn Ime ns
hymJym\w Cs\ \evIpp:
""AXmbXv, kabn\v kqvaImesap
t]. AkwJymX kabn\v Bhen Fpw
]dbpp. HcptImSn Adp]ntbgpen
Fgp]Xn\mbncn Hcp\qnXn\v (16770115)
Bh en I Hcp ap lq hp w, ap Xp
aplqw Hcp Znhkhpw ]Xn\p Znhkw
Hcp ]hpw cp ]w Hcp amkhpw
]{p amkw Hcp hjhpamWv. AXpt]mse
Fgp ] Xp e n A m dm bn cw tImSn
hjw Hcp ]qhhpw, AkwJymX ]qhw Hcp
]teym ]a Ime hp am Wv . Akw Jym X sa
Xns kmcanXmWv: \meptImiw
54
NXpc
n A{Xbpw Bgn Hcp InW Ipgnv
AXn PqKpenb a\pjycpsS tcmaw C\n ]d
bpwhw Xmdmn \ndbvWw. PqKpenb
a\p jypsS tcma Cp a\p jy cpsS
tcmatm \membncnsXmqmdwiw
sNdpXmWv. AXmbXv PqKpenb a\pjycpsS
\membncnsXmqmdv tcma tNs
nte AXmbXv PqKpenb a\pjycpsS \mem
bncnsXmqmdp tcma tNsnte
Ctmgp a\pjys Hcp tcmaamIq. PqKpenb
a\pjys HcwKpew \ofap apSn GgpXhW
Fsp IjWfmWw. Atm Ccp]Xp
ensXmqtgmbncn \qncv
IjWamIpw (2097152) C{]Imcap Hmtcm
IjWsImv app ]d InW \nd
bvWw. AXn \nv \qdpsImw CShnv
Hmtcm IjWw FSpWw. IjWsfmw
FSpv Xov InW Hgnbptm A{Xbpw
Imen\v kwJymXImew Fp ]dbpw. Ah
bn \nv Hmtcm IjWhpw A\h[n Ij
Wfmn, apIfnqSn N{IhnbpsS ]S
ISpt]mbmqSn Aacmhw InWdn
52.AYw C{]ImcamWv: tl kzman! Cu A\mZnbpw
A\hpw \mepKXnIfpXpamb kwkmccq]nbmb
tLmch\n taml\obmZn IafpsS DXvIr
jvSnXnhn]mIn ên\p hio{`Xambn
Poh {àWw sNpp.
53.aqVmmth, PKn\p Imhn. kzbwkn
amWo PKv (apt]Pv t\mpI)
54. GItZiw 2 ssa
326
Ipn \n d bv Ww. ]noSv Hmtcm Ij Ww
hoXw \qdpsImnsemcn FSpWw.
InW Hgnbptm AkwJymXw ]qh
fmbn AXn\nv ]teym]aImehpw KWnm
hpXmWv.
]ptImSntImSn ]teym]aImew Ignbp
tm Hcp kmKtcm]aImeambn. ]ptImSn
kmKtcm]aImew Hcp D]Wn. Hcp D]
Wnbpw Hcp Ahk]Wnbpw
55
IqSpXv Hcp
ImeN{Iw. A\ImeN{Iw Ignbptm Hcp
"]pZvKe]cmhr'amIpw.
A\Imesap ]dbpsXmWv? kn
amb ]pkv X I fn \h Zr jv Sm fm
ImekwJyKWnnpv. AXn\ptijapXv
A\ImeamWv. A\]pZvKe ]cmhr
Imew Poh Idnncnbpp. CXymZnbmWv
knm.
KWn X mcp tImepw. ssP\{K
fn \nv ImekwJy KWnm\mIptam
Ctbm? CsXmw kXyamsWp hnizknm
\mIptam? XoYcm ]Tn KWnXhnZy
bmWnXv! Cs\sbmw ChcpsS aXn
Htsd Kpcpinjymcpv. AhcpsS Am
\n\v HcXncpan.
C\nbpw A Imcw ImWq. cXv \ kmcw
Hm`mKns 134mw t]Pn apX Ipsd
Aq Y I Dv . Ch ssP\ kn m
fpw Ej`tZh apXp Ccp]n\mev
XocmcpsS hN\kmckw{KlhpamWv.
CXpt]mse 148mw t]Pn FgpXnbncnpp:
""]rYnhoImbnse PohmcmWv apw
Ipw apw AXn\pn D Pohmmhns
ico c ] cn Wmaw Hcw Kp e ns Akw Jy
Xmwiw AYhm AXy kq v a am Wv .
AXns Bbpkv Atbw Ccp]ocmbncw
hjamWv.''
XpSv AhnsSs ""acns Hcp ico
cn A\ Pohmcpv. Ahsb km[m
cW h\kv]XnIfmbn KWnpp. Iaqe
{]apJhpw, A\Imb{]apJhpw Bbhsb
km[mcW h\kv]XnbpsS Poh Fp ]d
bWw. AXns Bbpv A\aplqam
Wv .'' ChnsS t\ct FgpXnb aplqw
kvacWobw.
Hcp ico c n Hcp C{nbw am{X ap
AXmbXv kv]ti{nbw am{XapXn Hcp
Poh hkn p p. AXns\ {]tXyI h\
kv]Xn Fp ]dbpp. AXns tZlw Hcm
bncw tbmP\bmWv. ]pcmWmcpsS tbmP\
4 tImiamWv. Ans\ \membncw tImiap
icocamWXv. AXns Bbpv IqSnbm ]Xn
\mbncw hjamWv.''
""C\n cn {n b fp Poh BWv .
AXn\v icochpw apJhpw Dv. iwJv, IhSn,
t] apX em b h bm Wn Xv . AXns ico c h
epw Ghpw IqSnbXv \mevsp tImiam
Wv. Bbpv IqSnbm ]{p hjhpw.''
kao I: ChnsS henb sXp ]n.
C{Xbpw henb icocn\v Bbpp Iqn
FgpXmambncpp. \mev]sptImiw hep
ap t] ssP\cpsS tZlp Ibdnm
Wpw. Ah IpwImWpw. C{Xbpw henb
t]\ns\ ImWm amv Fhn sS bmWv
`mKyw.
C\nbpw ImWq Byw! cXv\kmcw Hmw
`mKw 150mw t]Pn ""tX, aq, sNv, Cu
Fn hbv v Hmtcm tbmP \ bmWv ico cw.
Bbpv Bdpamkhpw.''
kaoI: \mep tImiw hepap
tXfns\ amcpw Incnbn. Fp ssaep
tXfpw Cubpw ssP\ a X n ep v . Cu
tXfpw Cubpw AhcpsS honemhmw ]mv!
AhcmsX temInemcpw Chsb In
cnpIbn. Ccsamcp tX ssP\nsb ISn
m AbmfpsS KXnsbmIpw!
Pe Nm cn I fmb ay fpsS icocbfhv
Hcm bncw tbmP\] Xn \mbncw tImiw Hcp
tbmP\sbp IWn {]Imcw HcptImSn
tImi am Wv . Hcp tImSn ]qh hj fmWv
Bbpv!
kaoI: C{Xbpw henb PePohnIsf
ssP\nIfmsX Bcpw Incnbn.
\mevmenbmb B\bptSbpw apw icoc
n\v cp ap X HXv tImiw h sc bmWv
55.ChnsS Ahk]WnbpsS Imew \ntinnn.
D]Wn FXv Ignv A{XbpwImew Hcp Ah
k]Wn FpIqSn thXmbncpp. aqens
]In hnpt]mbXmhmw.
327
hepw. Bbpv F] n \m em bn cw
hjhpw.
kao I: C{X henb Poh I tfbpw
ssP\ In cn mw! hniz kn p p ap m
Imw. _pnammmpw hnizknm h.
PeNmcnIfpw K`Pfpamb PohnIfpsS
icocn\v Hcmbncw tbmP\bmWv HcptImSn
tImiw hepw, Bbpv, HcptImSn ]qh
hjfpw.
C{X h enb ico chpw Bbp papsb
ssP\mNmcym kz]v\n Incnmw.
Hcn epw kw` hn m alm I ft
CsXmw?
ssP\cpsS `qanimkv{Xw
C\n ChcpsS `qanbpsS hepw t\mpI.
cXv\kmaw Hmw `mKw 152mw t]Pn ""Cu
EPphm temIn AkwJymXw Zzo]p
Ifpw kap {Z fpw Dv . Akw JymXw
FXn\v cc kmKtcm]aImenep{X
kabw Zzo]pIfpw kap{Zfpw FmWw.''
Cu ]rYnhnbn HmatXmb Pw_pZzo]v
Fm Zzo]pIfptSbpw \SpmWv. CXn\v Hcp
ew tbmP\ AYhm Hc_pZw tImi am
Wv.
56
hnkvXow. CXn\v \mepNppw eh
Wkap{ZamWv . AXns hnkv Xow cp
ew tbmP\ AYhm c_pZw tImihpw.
Cu Pw_p Zzo]ns \mephipw [mXIoJ
Wv U sa Zzo]pv . CXn\v \mep ew
tbmP\ \me_pZw tImiwhnkvXmchpapv.
AXn\p ]nn ImtemZ[n F kap{ZamWv.
AXns hnkvXow Fp ew tbmP\
F_pZw tImiw BWv. AXn\p ]nn
]pjv Icm h sa Zzo]p v . AXns
hnkvXow ]Xn\mdv ew tbmP\ ]Xn
\mdv A_pZw tImiw BWv. B Zzo]ns
Dn Ippw IpgnbpamWv. ]IpXnev
a\p jy hkn p p. AXn \p a p dw Akw
JymXw Zzo]pIfpw kap{Zfpapv. Ahbn
XncyIv hKw ]mpp.
cXv \kmcw Hmw `mKw 153 mwt]Pn
""Pw_pZzo]n Hcp lnahw, Hcp sFcWvUh
w, Hcp lcnhjw, Hcp cayIw, Hcp tZh
Ipcp, Hcp DcIpcp Fns\ Bdp{]tZi
fpv.
kao I: `qan im kv {X a dn bm hp h
tI Ww. `qan bpsS Af sh Sp Xn
\n tm ssP\tm sXn bXv ?
ssP\msWn \nfhv ]dpsIm
Sp p I. \nv ssXn sb n Ah
cn\nv {KlnpsImpI. sXsmp Nnn
m Hcp Imcyw hyamIpw. ssP\nIfpsS
BNmcymcpw injymcpw `qanimkv {Xtam,
IWtm Hpw ]Tnhc, Bbncpsn
Cu \S mImcy ]pfp h Sn p am bn
cptm?
Ccw AhnZzmam, PKn\v Im
hn Fpw, Cuizc\n Fpw apw hniz
knpXnsemWcyw? CXpsImmWv
ssP\n I Ah cp sS { K
hnZzmamtm A\y a X tm \Im
Xv. {]mamWnIcmb Xocm cNn
knm {K sfv Ch Icp Xp Cu
{K fn \ndsb Ahn Zym bp amb
ImcyfmWv. AXpsImv ImWm\\phZnp
I bn . Im In shfn m Ip a tm.
Ch msX, Aev ] sa nepw _pn bp
hmpw Hcnepw Cu ]pfh[ymb
kXyamsWp tXmpIt]mepw C.
PKns\ A\mZnbmm!
Cu \qemameIsfmw Dmnbncnp
Xv PKv A\mZnbmsWv m]nm\m
Wv. ]t CsXmw ]IamWv. PKXvIm
cWw A\mZn Xs. Fsm B ]c
amWp Xp S n b Xz kz cq ]
IrclnXamWv. Fm \nbam\pkcWw
" BIp Xn t\m Agn bp Xn t\m' D
kamYyta C. {Zhysap t]cpXmWv ]c
amWp, kz`mth\ shtsd cq]apXpw PU
hpamWXv. kzbw Fsnepw bYmtbmKyw
BIm\hbvp Ignhn. AXn\m CXns\
smv Dmp ssNX\yw \nbambpw
Dv. B Dmph PvRm\kzcq]\pam
Wv.
]rYzn, kqcy apXemb temIsfsbmw
\nban \SpXv A\mZnbpw tNX\hp
amb Cuizcs tPmenbmWv. AXn kwtbmK
56. Hc_pZw ]ptImSnbmWv.
328
cN\mhntijw ImWmw. B qePKv Hcn
epw A\mZnb. ImcyPKv \nXysan
AXns ImcWw Dmhn. adnv AXpXs
ImcyImcW cq]amIpw. As\bmsWn
Imcyhpw ImcWhpw Hmbncnbm At\ym
\ym {ibw, Bm {i bw, Fo tZmj
hcpw. Xs tXmfn Xm Ib dp Xpw,
]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw HcmfmbncnpXpw \S
pX. AXn\m PKXvImhv Dsp
hnizknt ]q.
tNmZyw: PK Xv Imhv Cuiz c \m sW
n Cuizcs ImhmcmWv?
Dcw: Imhns Imhpw ImcW
ns ImcWhpw Hcnepw DmhpIbn.
Imhpw Imc Whpw D Xp sIm mWv
Imcyw Dm Ip Xv . kwtbm K hn tbm K
fpmImXpw BZy kw tbm K hn tbm K
p ImcWhpw BbXn\v Imthm Imc
Wtam Hcnepan. CXns hymJym\w Fmw
kap m k n krjv Sn bpsS hymJym \
nsegpXnbnpXp t\mpI.
57
Cu ssP\v qe Im cy t]mepw
Adnhnsn ]cakqjvaamb krjvSnhnZy
Fs\ t_m[nm\mWv? krjvSn A\mZnbpw
A\ hp am sWv Icp Xp p. Hmtcm KpW
n\pw, Ime n\pw ]cym b fpw, Hmtcm
hkv Xp hnepw A\ ]cymbfpw Dsv
{]IcWcXv\mIcns Hmw `mKnepv.
CsXmcnepw kw`hya. Fsm ]cn
Wanp hkvXpfpsS Fm AwKfpw
]cnWanpw. A\n\p ]Icw AkwJyw
Fp ]dbpXpw icnbmhn. Pohmmhns\
kw_nv icnbmtbmw. Cuizcs\ kw_
nv icnbmhn. Htcmtcm {Zhyn AXm
Xns Hmtcm ImcyImcW kmaYys Ahn
`mPy ]cym b fm A\ kmaYy ambn
KWnpXv tIhew AhnZymP\yamWv. Hcp
]camWp{Zhyn\v AXncpv. Fn A\
hn`mK cq] ]cymb AXnses\ hn
pw? AXp t]mse Hmtcm tcm {Zhy n
A\ KpWfpsXpw Hcp KpWns
\nch[n AhnÌvX ]cymbfps k
ev]hpw shdpw _meniamWv. ASnm\n\v
AapXn hnpXn\v FpsImv
Aan? Cs\ \nch[n anYymPev]\
FgpXnbncnpp.
PohPU
Poh P U FmWv F Xn s\ n
ssP\cpsS \nWban{]ImcamWv:
tNX\m etWm Pohx kymZPohkvXZ
\yx. kXv Icv a ]pZv Kemx ]pWyw ]m]w
XkyIhn]cybx
58
CXv Pn\ZkqcnbpsS hN\hpw, {]Ic
WcXv\mIcw Hmw `mKnepw, \bN{Ikmc
nepsagpXnbnpXpamWv. tNX\meWw
PohtXpw tNX\mclnXw APohw PUhp
amWv. kXvIacq]nbmb ]pZvKew ]pWyhpw
]m]Iacq]amb ]pZvKew ]m]hpw sNnp
p.
kao I Poh P UfpsS eWw
icnbmsWnepw PUamb ]pZvKew ]m]]p
Wy bp am Im hgn bn . ]m] ]p Wy
sNp kz`mhw tNX\ntebpq. F{X
sb{X PUhkvXpfptm Ahsbmw ]m]
]pWyclnXamsWp ImWmw. Poh A\m
ZnbmsW hnizmkw icnbmWv. Fm B
Aev ]\pw Aev ] \p amb Pohm mhv
apnZibn k\mIpp Fp hniz
knpXv icnb. Aev]hpw Aev]hp
ambXns kmaYyhpw Ftmgpw AXncp
Xmbncnpw.
PKv, Poh, Pohs Iahpw _hpw
Fnh A\mZnbmsWv ssP\ hnizknp
p. Fs m kwtbm K P \y amb PK
n s Imcy Im c W fp w { ]hm tl\
Imcyhpw, Pohs Iahpw _hpw {]hml
m e msX kz cq ] n A\m Zn b .
BsWp hniz kn m Ia _ fn
\np hnSp X ep s s s\ hniz knpw?
A\m Zn bm bXv Hcn epw hnp t]m hpIbn .
A\m Zn bm bXpw \in p sa n \n fpsS
Fm A\mZnhkvXpfptSbpw \miw {]k
amIpw. Atm Ians \mihpw {]k
amIpw. A\mZn \nXyamsWn Iahpw
_hpw \nXyamIpw. Iafn \np
57. t]Pv 336 apX t\mpI
58. BlXZi\w87
329
hnSp X emWv apn sb n, Fm Ia
fn\npap hnSpX apnbpsS \nan
amIpw. Atm apn ss\annIamIpw. AXv
kZm \ne\nevpIbpan. Iaw Imhpw
Xn \nXy_w DmhpIbm Iahpw
Hcnepw hnpamdmXmIpw. Atm \nfp
tSbpw Xo c cp tSbpw apn \nXy am
sWp ]dXv icnbmXmIpw.
tNmZyw: [m\y ns Dan t]m bmtem,
AnkwkKapmbmtem AXp apfbvm
Xp t]mse apn t\Snb Poh hopw
P\\acW cq]nbmb kwkmcn hcnIbn
.
Dcw: Poh\pw Iahpambp _w
Danbpw _oPhpambpXpt]mseb. ChnsS
kahmb _amWpXv. A\mZnImew apX
Poh\pw AXns IaIrXz inbpambn
_apv. AXn Iaw sNm\p in
Csp hcpIn Poh inemXpey\mIpw.
apn A\p ` hn m\pw in bn m Xm Ipw.
A\mZnImes Ia_\n \np hnv
Poh ap \m Ip sa n \nfpsS \nXy
apnbn\np hnpw _\n hogpw.
Iacq]nbmb apnkm[\fn \np hnv
_\nepw s]SmhpXmWv. km[\
fm knamb hkvXp Hcnepw \nXyamhp
Ibn. km[\knamsX apnbpsn
IafnmsX _\hpamImw. hkv{X
fn ]nSnp Agpv, IgpIptm t]mbn,
hopw ]nSnpIbpw sNpp. AXpt]mse
anYyXzw apXemb tlXpfmepw cmKtZzjm
Zn Isf B{i bnpw Poh Ia cq ] amb
ês A\p ` hn p p. bYm amb
m\w, Zi\w, kz`mhw FnhsImv
\na e am hp s pw, amen \y I W fm
amen\yapmIpp FpamsWn kwkm
cnbmb Poh ap\msWpw apPoh
kwkmcnbmsWpw IcptXnhcpw. Fs
m amen\yw \nanfm amdppshn
\nanfm amen\yw ]pcfpIbpw sNpw.
AXn\m Pohs _hpw apnbpw {]hm
lm A\mZnbmsWp IcpXpIbmsX
A\mZnbpw B\hpambn A\mZnbmsWp
IcpXcpXv.
tNmZyw: Poh Hcnepw \naeambn
cpp. amen\ytmSpIqSnbXmbncpp.
Dcw: Hcp Imev \naeambncpXn\p
am{Xta hopw \naeamIm Ignbq. hkv{X
n ]p Agpv IgpInfbmw. AXns
kzm`m hn I amb sh If bm \m hp I bn .
amen\yw hopw ]pcfpw. CXpt]msebmWv
apnbnepw.
tNmZyw: Poh ]qhmPnX Iam
icoc[mcWw sNpp. Cuizc\v CXn ]p
sp IcpXpXv shdpsXbmWv.
Dcw: Iaw am{X amWv ico c [m c W
n \nanw, Cuizc\m Fn AXnZpxJ
ap CuizcPsfmpw Pohmmhv Hcn
epw FSppItbbn. Ftmgpw \\
Ptf FSpq. Iaw {]Xn_amIWsa
msWn, cmPmhv in\evImsX I
kzbwhv Pbnen IbdmXpt]msebpw,
kzbw Xqn te dm Xp t]m sebpw Poh\v
icocw \evIm\pw Iaêw \evIm\pw Cuiz
c\psp \nfpw hnizknpsImI.
tNmZyw: aZw elcn t]mse Ia^
ehpw kzbw {]m]vXamIpp. êw \evIm
asmcmfns Bhiyan.
Dcw: A s\ bm sW n, aZy ]m\w
[mcmfw sNphv Ipdpw ]cnNbanm
hv IqSpXepw elcn]nSnpXpt]mse
\nXyhpw hfsc ]m] ]p Wy sNp
hv Ipdpw h tmgpw Ipdp sNp
hv IqSp Xepw êw e`n Ww. Aev ]w
Iaw sNphv IqSpX êw InWw.
tNmZyw: HmtcmcpcptSbpw kz`mha\pk
cnt êw e`npXv?
Dcw: kz `m h m em sW n
AXn\np hnSpItbm AXp e`npItbm
C. iphkv{Xn \nanm Agpp
]pc fp p, \nan m Igp I s Sp p. C
s\ IcpXpIbmhpw Daw.
tNmZyw: kwtbm Ka msX Ia ] cn Wm
as {]m]npIbn. ]men ]pfn tNcmsX
ssXcm hp I bn m Xp t]mse, Poh\pw
Iahpw tNv Ia]cnWmaw DmIpp.
330
Dcw: ]mepw ]pfnbpw tNpXv asm
cm fm Wv . AXp t]mse Poh\pw Ia hp ambn
tNpXn\v Cuizc thWw. Fsm
PUhkvXp \nba]qhw kzbw tNcpIbn.
Poh Aev ] \m I bm kzbw Ia ^
es {]m]nphm Ignhn. Cuizc\m
hyhm]nXamb krjvSn{IaanmsX Ia^
ehyh km[yasv CXn\m knnp
p.
tNmZyw: Ian \np ap\mIp
bmft Cuizc.
Dcw: A\mZnImew apX Poh Ia
hpambn tNncnpXmsWn AXn
\nv Hcnepw apnbn.
tNmZyw: Ians _n\v BZnbp
v .
Dcw: BZnbpXmsWn Ians
kwtbmKw A\mZnb. kwtbmKn\papv
Poh Ialo\\obncnWw. \njvIaamb
Xn\v Iaw _m[nm ap\pw _m[npw.
Iahpw Imhpw Xn kahmb _w
AYhm \nXy_w Dmhpw. AXv Hcnepw
hnSpIbn. AXn\m HXmw kapmkn
FgpXnbncnpXv AwKoIcnpIbmWv DNn
Xw.
Poh kzw kmaYyhpw m\hpw
F{X Iv hn n mepw AXn ]cn an X
m\hpw kmaYyhpta DmIq. Hcnepw
CuizcXpeyamhpIbn. F{XIv kmaYyw
hnnpXv DNnXtam, A{Xbpw tbmK
m hnnmhpXmWv.
ssP\nIfpsS AlXm icoc]cnamWa
\pkcnv Pohmmhns hepw AwKoIcnp
tm.
59
A s\ bm sW n B\ bpsS
Poh IoSnepw IoSns Poh B\
bnepw Fs\ HXppsav AhtcmSv tNmZn
Ww, CXpw auVyamWv. Poh Hcp kqva
] Zm am Wv . AXn s\mcp ]c am Wp hn epw
hknmw. Fm AXns inI icoc
n {]mW, hnZypXv, \mUnI apXemb
h bp ambn kwtbm Pn n cn p p. AXp sIm
mWv icocnsemw hnpp F
dnbpXv. kwKwsImv \Xpw, IpkwKw
sImv Nobpambnocpp.
ssP\ [aw C{] Im c am sWp Icp
Xpp:
aqew: tc Poh `h ZplmC Cw Nnb
lcC PnWabw [w. CbcmWw ]caw
tXm kplIt aqV apknHmkn. ({]IcWc
Xv\mIcw `mKw 2. jjvSoiXIw 60, kq{Xmw
3)
kwn]vXmYw: FtSm Pohm, Htctbmcp
ssP\aXw, {iohoXcmK`mjnX [aw, am{Xta
kwkmc kw_nXamb P\\PcmacWmZnZpx
J sf lcn p Xm bp p. CXp t]mse
t{ijvTtZhcpw kZvKpcpmcpw ssP\aX
m am{XamWv. CXc hoXcmK\mb Ej`
tZh apX almhoc hscbpp hoXX
cm K cmb tZh m cn\nv `n cmb lcn,
lc, {_mhv apXembhscmw ZpthX
I fm Wv . \ bv mbn Ahsc `Pn p h
hnsSpp.
CXnskmcw C{Xam{XamWv ssP\aX
nse t{ijv TtZhmscbpw kZv Kpcpm
scbpw hnv av ZpthXItfbpw ZpjvSKpcp
mscbpw tkhnm Hcp \bpw Dmhp
Ibn.
kaoI: ChcpsS aX{K F{X
\nm`cnXamsWv hnZzmm NnntXm
Wv.
aqew: Acnlw tZthm kpKpcp kpw
[w N ]\htcm, [mWw IbmWw
\nccw hkC lnbbn (Sn. 2.60.1)
kwn ]v XmYw tZth{]qPn X \mb
Al t\ m D a ambn asm n .
tZhtZh\pw {ioam\pw m\{Inbmimenbpw
imkv t{Xm] tZ jv Smhpw, ip \pw, \njv I f
\pw, Zbmephpw m\nsbpw \bp
sSbpw DdhnShpamb {ioPn\\pw Atlap]
tZ in [a hp am Wv Zp K Xn bn s]
{]mWnIsf kapcnpXv. av lcnlcmZn
IfpsS [aw kwkmcn \nv Dcnm
t]mcp X . Av hmgv s Al
mpw _p pw \a kv Im cw. \mev
59.Bm{]XymZn{]amWknx ssNX\ycq]x ]cn
Wmao ImkmmXv t`mm kztZl ]cnamWx
({]IcWcXv\kmcw `mKw 1)
331
KpW hmgvshbmWv. Ah, Zb, a,
kay Iv Xz m\w, tZh Zi\w kz`m hw
FnhbmWv.
kaoI: a\pjyt\mSnm Zbb.
abpw As\ Xs. m\n\p ]Icw
Am\hpw tZhZi\n\p]Icw A
Imchpw, kz`mhn\p ]Icw ]nWnInS
epw Fs\ \hbmIpw? Zbbpw abpw
\hbmsWnepw ]]mXn s]pIgn
m a Aabpw Zb Zbbnmbvabpw
BbntmIpw. bmsXmcp Pohntbbpw ZpxJnn
mXncnpIbmWv CXns {]tbmP\w. ]t
Akm [y am Wn Xv . Fs m Zpjv S msc
innpXpw Zbbn s]SpXmWv. Hcp
ZpjvS\p in\evImXncpm Bbncw a\p
jyv ZpxJapmIpw. AXn\m B Zb Zb
bnmbvabpw a AabpamIpw.
Fm Poh Ipw ZpxJ \m ihpw kpJ
{]m]vXn DmIm\p D]mbn\v Zbsbp
]dbpXv icnbmWv. shw Acnp IpSnp
Xpw p{ZPohnIsf cnpXpw am{Xa
Zb. C{]Imcap Zb ssP\nI ]dbps
tbpq sNpn. GXp aXn s]h
\p am Is, a\p jy tcmSp Zb hp Imn Ahsc
A]m\mZnI \evIn kevIcnpXpw, CX
caXcmb hnZzmmsc _lpam\np ip{iq
jnpXpw Zbbt? Chv bYm Zb
Dmbncpsn hnthIkmcw F {K
ns 221mw t]Pn FgpXnbncnpXv icn
bmIptam?
1. ]caXkvXpXnsNpI. 2. Ahsc hnp
I. 3. Be]\w; AhtcmSp kwkmcnpI. 4.
kwe]\w; hopw hopw AhtcmSp kwkm
cnpI, 5. Ahv Ahkv{XmZn Zm\w sNp
I., 6. K]pjv]mZnZm\w sNbvI Fo Bdv
bmX\I Bdphn[ {]hrnI ssP\n
IsNm ]mSn.
kaoI: ssP\nIv aphtcmSv
F{XIv Zbbnmbvabpw shdppw tZzjhpw
Dsv _pnamam BtemNnWw. apa
XtcmSv C{XIv \nbcmb ssP\sc
Zbmlo\sct ]dbmhq. Fsm kz
msc am{Xw ip{iqjnpXv hntij [a
amhn. AhcpsS aXm AhcpsS kzm
cm Wv . AXn \m Ahsc ip{iq jn p p.
A\ysc shdp p p. GXp _pn am \mWv
Chsc Zbmep Fp ]dbm\mhpI?
hnthIkmcw 108mw t]Pn Cs\ Fgp
Xnbncnpp: ""aYpcbnse cmPmhns \aqNo
F Znhms\ ssP\bXnI XfpsS hntcm
[nbmsWdnv sImpIfbpIbpw Btem
bW ({]m b nw) sNbv Xv ip am Ibpw
sNbvXp.''
kao I: CXv Zb bpsSbpw a bp
sSbpw \miIaat? ]caXcpsS Poh
lm\nhsc sNp sshc_pnIsf Zbmep
shXn\p]Icw lnwkIsct hnfnt
Xv ?
\mepapnkm[\
C\n kay Iv Zi \m Zn I fpsS eWw
""AlX {]h N\ kw{Klw''. ""]c am K a \
kmcw'' Fn h bn ]d bp Xp t\mmw:
""kayIv {im, kayIv Zi, m\w,
Nmcn{Xw Fnh \memWv tamkm[\''.
Chsb tbmKtZh hymJym\nnpv.
""PohmZn{Zhy GXpcq]n nXn
sNppshv ssP\{Kfn {]Xn]mZn
ncnppthm AXn\p hn]coXamb A`n
\n th im Zn I fn msX {ibpw {]oXnbpw
]pepXn\v kayIv{im Fpw kay
IvZi\sapw ]dbpp.''
""cpNncv Pnt\mXtzjp kayIv {im\
apNytX''
60
ssP\ {] Xn ]m Zn X amb Xz
fn A[nIw {ibpmbncnWw. ap
hbn DmbncncpsXw.
bYm h n X X zm\mw kwt ]m Zv hn
kvXtcWhm tbm t_m[kvXa{Xmlpx kay
Kv m\w a\o jnWx
61
Pohm Zn X z
F{] ImcamtWm Ah bpsS kwn ]v Xtam
hnkv Xr Xtam Bb t_m[ ap m Ip Xn\v
kayIvm\sap ]dbpp.
""kcvYmfhZytbmKm\mw XymKmcn{Xap
NytX, IocvnXw XZlnwkmZn{hXt`tZ\
][m Alnwkmkq\rXmkvtXb {_N
cym]cn{Klmx''
Fm {]Imcnepw \n\obamb A\ya
60. BlXZi\w 62.
61. BlZi\w63
332
X_fpsS XymKamWv Nmcn{Xw. Alnw
kmZn hyXykvXfmb Ap {hXfpv.
Hv Alnwk. Hcp {]mWntbbpw lnwknm
bvI. cv, kq\yXm. {]nbhmpI ]dbpI.
aqv AkvtXbw. tamjvSnmXncnpI. \mev,
{_Ncyw, D]t{nbkwba\w Av,
A]cn{Klw. khhkvXpfpw XyPnpI.
kaoI: Chbn anhbpw \Im
cyfmWv. Alnwk; Ifhv apXemb \ny
Im cy D t]npI CsXmw \Xp
Xs. Fm A\yaXsf \nnpIapX
emb tZmj \nanw \Xpw No
bmbn . "" A\y l cn lcm Zn I fp sS [aw
temIs DcnpX'' apXemb ]cmai
. Ah cpsS ]pkv X I t\mmsX
NobmsWp ]dbpIbmWv. CXv Nnd \n
bmtWm? AXpt]mse apIfn hnhcn Akw
`hyfmb Imcy ]d XoYcmsc
kvXpXnpXpw shdpw imTyw am{XamWv.
ssP\aXnse [a{]iwk:
aqew: PC \ IpWkn Xh NcWw \
]Tkn \ KptWkn tZkn t\m ZmWav. Xm
Cnbw knkn PwtZthm C Acnl
tm, ({]IcW `m. 2.60.2)
kwn]vXmYw: a\pjym! \n\v X]kzn
bmImt\m kz`mhnbmImt\m, ]WvUnX\m
Imt\m, ta[m hn bm Imt\m kZv ]m {X n
Zm\w sNmt\m Ignbpnsnepw, Bcm[
\bvv Htcsbmcp Al\mb Als\
GItZh\v Bcm[\bnm\pw ssP\[
n hnizknm\pw Ignm AXpaXn.
\ns DcWn\p GI hgnbmWXv.
kao I: kz`m h an s nepw, ]Tn
mt\m Zm\w sNmt\m Ign n s nepw
""ssP\aXw kXyamsWp'' am{Xw ]dbp
XpsImv Abm Da\mIptam? A\yaX
cmb t{ijv T \nIr jv S cp am Iptam?
Cs\ ]d bp h cpsS {`mpw _me _p
nbpw FmWmthm! CXn\np hyam
IpXv ChcpsS BNmcym kzmYnIfmbn
cpp Fpw ]qWhnZzmmcmbncpsp
amWv. Fmhtcbpw \nnm]w Ch
cpsShebn Bscnepw s]SpItbm kzw
Cjv Sw km[n p Itbm sNp am bn cp n .
ssP\aXw ssP\aXw At[mKXnp hgn
bm sWpw sshZnI [w am{Xta D cn
pIbpq Fpw knnpp. lcnlcmZn
tZhm \hcpw ChcpsS Ej`tZh\pw apw
ZpthXIfmsWpw ]dm Chsp
tXmpw? tZzjw tXmpIbnt?
Ch cpsS BNm cy mpw hn iz m kn
Ipw ]nb sXpI C\nbpapv:
aqew: PnWhc BWm`wKw Da Dp
tek tZkWD BWm `tK ]mhwXm PnW
ab Zpcw [av. ({]IcW `m 2.60. 11)
kwx AYw: DmKw Dq{Xw Fnh
bpsS teJ\ Bscsbnepw ImWnp
XpsImv Pn\hcmcpsS, AYhm hoXcm
Kcmb XoccpsS BmewL\w kw`
hnpp. AXv ZpxJtlXphmb ]m]amWv. Pn\
hc Acpfnb kayzw apXemb [a
{Klnphm hnjaamWv. AXn\m Pn\h
cs Bbv p `wKw hcm hw
{]hnWw.
kaoI: kzbw {]iwknpI, kzw
aXamWv t{ijvTsap ]dbpI, aphsb
\nnpI Fnh aqVmcpsS {]hrnbmWv.
ap hnZzmm {]iwknpsn AXmWv
icn. I mv kzbw {]iw kn p hm
Ignbpw AXpsImv Ah {]iwk\obcmIp
p tm? AXp t]msebmWv Ch cp sS
Imcyhpw.
ssP\nItftmse ]]mXmcn.
aqew: _lpKpW hnPvQm \ne Hm Dp
`m ko X lmhn ap thm Pl hc
aWn Pq tXm hn lp hn Kv [ Itcm hn k
ltcmtemtb (Sn. 2.18)
kw Aw: hnj k] ns intcm
cXv\w XymPyambncnpXpt]mse ssP\a
X n e m bm F{X h enb [man It\m
]WvUnXt\m Bbmepw icn Bbmsf XyPn
pXmWv ssP\v DNnXw.
kaoI: F{X sXmWnsXp t\mq.
ChcpsS injymcpw BNmcymcpw hnZzmm
cm bn cps n, hnZzm msc Cjv S s t s\.
ChcpsS XoYcm klnXw Ghcpw Ahn
ZzmmcmIbm hnZzmamsc \nnmsXpw
333
sNpw? kzWw Agpntem s]mSnbntem InS
mepw Bcm\pw Dt]nptam? ssP\nI
sftmse ]]mXnIfpw Zpcm{KlnIfpambn
Bcpansv CXn \np sXfnbpp.
aqew: ACkb ]mhnb ]mhm [nA
]tkp tXmhn ]m h cbm \ Nen kp
[m [m Inhn]mh ]tkp (Sn. 2.29)
kw. AYw: A\yknmmcmb Ienw
Kn Isf AXm bXv ssP\ [a hn tcm [n Isf,
ssP\ IWnt]mepw IpIqSm.
kao I: CsX{Xtbm ]ma c X bm
sWv _pnamm NnnWw. kXyamb
[a n hn iz kn p h\v Bscbpw
Iqtk Imcyan. ChcpsS BNmcymp
Xs XfpsS aXw aWsImmcsadnbm
ambncpp. Bscnepw Im XIp Xcn
WamIpw. AXn\m Fmhtcbpw \nnp
I, aqVsc hebn hogvpI!
aqew: \maw ]n X Akplw tPW \nZn
TmCu an ] m bo. tPknw AWp kw KmD
[oWhn tlmC ]mh aC (Sn. 2.27)
kw. Aw : ssP\aXn\p hncpamb
[sfmw a\pjysc ]m]nIfmphbm
Wv , AXn \m ap a X sfmpw hniz kn
msX ssP\aX n hniz kn p XmWv
t{ijvTw.
kao I: Fm h tcmSpw sshcw,
hntcm[w, Cujy, \n apXemb ZpjvI
fpsS kmKcn appXmWv ssP\
[asav CXn\np sXfnbpp. ssP\nI
sftmse ]caX\n sNphcpw A[an
Ifpambn amcpw Dmhn. Hcp hiv as
mhtcbpw \nnpI. adphiv kzbw AXn
{] iwk sNpI Fnh iT m cpsS ]Wn
bt? hnthIaph, GXp aXntebpam
Is, \Xv \sXpw No Nosbp
at ]dbq?
aqew: lml KpcpA AIPv Q kmao
\lp An I ]p cntam, Il PnW
hb\ Il kpKpcp kmhbm Il Cb
AIPvQw (Sn. 2. 35)
kw. AYw: kh hN\amb Pn\`m
jn X fpw ssP\ k Zv Kp cp mcpw ssP\
[ahpw FhnsS? CXn\p hn]coXamb A\y
ZpKpcpmcpw D]tZiIcpw FhnsS? AXm
bXv RfptSXv kZvKpcpmcpw kthIfpw
knIfpw A\ycptSXv ZpKpcpmcpw
ZpthXIfpw A[anIfpamWv.
kaoI: CXv, X]n s]m]n
asmw Nm]n Fp ]dbpXpt]msebm
Wv. Ch `naXm\pbmbnIsf am\npXv
]m]ambn Fpp.
kns intcmcXv\w XyPnpIbmWv
DNn X sav t\cs FgpXn b Xp t]mse,
CXc [amhew_nIsf XyPnWat{X. CXn
e[nIw \nnpXp t\mpI:
aqew: ktm Cw acWw IpKpcp AW
mC tZl acWmC, tXm hcnkw Klnbpw
am IpKptkhWw `Zqav. (Sn. 2. 36)
kw. AYw: ssP\cn \np `ncmb
Fm ZpKpcpmcpw ktm No
bmWv. Ahsc ImWpItbm ip{iqjnpItbm
kwKanpItbm sNcpXv. Fsm ]mp
ISnm Hcnte acnq. A\yaXcmb
ZpKp cp m cpsS kwKw sImv At\Iw
XhW P\\acWfpmIpw. AXn\m \
htc! AhcpsS ASp sNp \nevpIt]m
epacpXv. AXp\nanw ZpxJkmKcn ]Xn
m\nSbmIpw.
kaoI: t\mpI! ssP\nIsftmse
{`m Nn cpw ItTm c tZzjn Ifpw ]c \n
\nIcp am b hcmcpw A\y aXn S bn
Dm bn cn p I bn . A\ysc \nn p Ibpw
kzbw {]iw kn p Ibpw sNbv Xn s n
Xsf Bcpw _lpam\npItbm tkhnp
Itbm sNpIbnsnh hnNmcnncnmw.
]t CXhcpsS Zu`mKyambntmbn. Fs
m k\ kwkKhpw kwKhpw
IqSmsX bYm m\hpw kXy[a{]m
]vXnbpw Hcnepw DmhpIbn. AXn\m
hnZymhncpcmb anYyIsf shSnv thtZm
amb kXy [sf kzoIcnpXmhpw
ssP\nIv awKf{]Zw.
aqew: Inw `Wntam Incntam XmW
lbm kW [n Sv T Zp Sv Tm Wav tPZwkn
DuWnenwKw JnhwXn\ c bkv an ap P Ww.
(Sn. 2.40)
334
kw. AYw: awK f { ] Xo \in v ,
[mjvSytmsS hPyamb ZpjvSmNmc
am{Xw sNpXn AXnNXpccmb ZpjvStcm
sSp ]dbm\mWv? FpsNm\mWv. Ah
C ssIp ISnphcmWv. D]Imcw sNp
hsc sImp Xn p h sc tm se bmWv
ZpKp cp m. Ahp ] I cw sNp Xv
kzbw \miw hcpnhbvemWv. AXn\m
Ahcn\nvIncnpI.
kao I: ssP\n I sf tmse ap
hcpw Nnn n cp s n ssP\v Fp
ZpKXnbmIpambncpp! Bcpw Ahsc klm
bnpIbnsn Fp IjvSmSpmIpw!
aphcpsS nXnbpw CXpXsbmsWv
Ah FpsImv IcpXpn!
aqew: Pl Pl XpC [tm Pl Pl
ZpSvTmW tlmC ACDZDw, kanSvTnPnbmWw
XlXl DkC kaw (Sn. 2. 42)
kwx AYw: Zi\{`jvScpw, hnhn[ BNm
cmcpw apamb ZpjvShn{]mcpsS ]qPmk
ev m c fn Ah cpsS inbpw apw
hnpsnepw ssP\mmfpsS kay
Kv Zr jv Sn I fmb Pohm m fpsS kayzw
hntijm shfnhmIpsXv hfsc B
cywXs!
kao I: Cu ssP\tc m f [nIw
Cujybpw tZzjhpw sshc_pnbpw thsd
Bsnepaptm Fp t\mq. ap aX
fnepw Cujym tZz jm Zn I fp s nepw
ssP\nIfnept]mse Fpan. tZzjw ]m]
ns ImcWamWv. Atm ssP\aXn
]m]mNcWw DXnepXan.
aqew: kwtKmhn PmW AlnD tXknw
[m CtP ]In apqW tNmc kwKw
Icn tXtNmcnbw ]mhm (Sn. 2, 75)
kw. AYw: CXns apJy {]tbm P\w
CXm Wv : Imcp ambn kwkK ap h
\mknImtOZ\w apXemb inI Imcy
ammXpt]mse ssPt\Xcamb I aX
fn Dh kzw A[x]X\s KWy
ampn.
kaoI: XstmsebmWv aph
scv a\pjy IcpXpp. ap aXsfmw
\nIrjvShpw ssP\aXw am{Xw Dasapw
]dbpXnsemWw? a\pjycn AXn
bmb Am \hpw Zpjv S kw k m
{`jvS_pnbpw Dmbncnpthmfw aph
tcmSp CujymtZzjmZnZpjvSXI hnpam
dpIbn. ssP\aXnse ]ctZzjw t]mse
aspta C.
aqew: P ]kp a ln k e cIm ]w
tlman ]mh\haoG ]qAn Xw]n
kVvVm lm loem hobcmb (Sn. 2.76)
kw. AYw: ]qhkq{Xn ssP\cm
hscmw anYymXznIfpw X kayzn
Ifpw asmcpw ]m]nI X ]pWymm
Fp ]d p . AXn \m
anYymXznIfpsS aXs AwKoIcnpbm
]m]nbmWv.
kao I: ap h cpsS {hX fmb
NmapWvUn, Imfn, Imess`ch apXembh
cpsS ]m]\han AYhm ZpKm\han XpSnb
{hX NobmsWn \nfpsS ]p
jWw BZnbmb {hXfpw Nobt? Ah
ZpcnX]qWhpamWv. hmaamKnIfpsS A\m
Nmcsf JWvUnXv DNnXwXs Fm
imk\tZhn, acpXtZhn apXembhtbbpw hniz
kn msX JWv U\w sNt Xm bn cp p.
RfpsS tZhnam lnwknphcsp ]d
tmw. imk\tZhn Hcp a\pjysbpw Hcp
BSnsbpw IpI Nqgvv FSpXmWv.
]nss\bmWv Ah cmknbpw, ZpK
bptSbpw ImfnbptSbpw ktlmZcnbpamXncn
pI? kzw ]JmWw apXemb {hX
AXn t{i jv T sapw \h anbpw apw Zpjv S
sapw ]dbpXv XnI auVyamWv. ap
hcpsS D]hmks \nnpI, kzw D]
hmks kvXpXnpI. FXv auVywXs.
kXy`mjWw apXemb {hXsfSpptX
hpw DaamWv. ssP\cptSXmbmepw Bcp
tSXmbmepw D]hmkw {hXa.
aqew: thkmW hwZn bmW amlW
Spw_mW PcIkncImWw, `m`cISvTmWw
hnbmWw Pn ZqtcWw (Sn. 2. 82)
kw. AYw: thiyI, IqmSnI, Kmb
I, {_mW, KtWimZnI, tZhnam apX
embhsc ]qPnp `cpw Chcn hniz
knphcpw Fmw Xan apphcpw
335
apphcpamWv. Fsm B tZhmcn
\nv Fmw Inpsav Ah hnizknbpw
hoXcmKcmb ssP\cn\nv AIp t]mI
bpw sNpw.
kao I: ap h cpsS tZham
sImcpXmhcpw XfptSXv t{ijvTcpam
sWp ]dbpXv ]]mXamWv. hmaamKn
IfpsS tZhmsc \ntj[nptms
"{imZn\IrXyw' hiw 46 Cs\sbgpXn
bncnpp: ""imk\ tZhn cm{Xnbn `Ww
Ign Hcphs sNInv ASnpIbpw Ip
NqgvsSpv ]Icw BSns Ip shpsIm
SppIbpw sNbvXp. Cu tZhn FpsImv
lnwkmcnb? cXv\kmcw Hmw `mKw 67
mw hiv ""acp X tZhn {]Xn a bmbn \np
sImv hgnt]msc klmbns''v FgpXn
bn pv . Cu tZhntbbpw \ntj [n m
sXv?
aqew: Inwtkmw]n PWWn PmHm PmtWm
PWWnInw KHm hnnw PC ancHm PmHm
KptWkp Xl aOcw hlC (Sn. 2.81)
kw. AYw: ssP\ hn cp cm b anYym
aXm Fn\v PsaSpp? P\nsnepw
hfn sv ? AXm bXv io{Lw \in m
\mbn Fw.
kaoI: ChcpsS hoXcmK`mjnXamb
Zbm[aw t\mq. ap aXm PohnpI
t]mepw AcpXv! ChcpsS Zb shdpw ]dn
am{XamWv. Dsns a\pjytcmS,
p{ZPptfmSpw arKtfmSpw am{XamWv.
aqew: kpt atPmbm kqtlW Kn
kp awan. tP ]pW AaPmbm at Kw
XntX Nppw (Sn 2. 83)
kw. AYw: ssP\Ipen P\nh
apn {]m]nm BivNcyan. ssP\cm
anYymaX m cm sc nepw apn {]m]n m
AXv henb BcyamWv. CXnYw, ssP\n
IfmXmcpw apcmhpIbn, A\y \cI
nte t]mIq FmWv.
kaoI: ssP\aXn ZpjvScpw \c
IKmanIfpant? Fmhcpw apn {]m]npw.
amcpw {]m]n bn! CXv shdpw t]] d n
et? Adn hn m h cm sc nepw CXv hniz
kntpw.
aqew: XnbcmWw ]qB kwa KpWm
W Im cnWo `Wnbm kmhnb an bco
PnWkatb tZknb ]qB (Sn. 2. 90)
kw. AYw: ssP\aXmcpsS hn{Klm
cm[\bmWv tIaw. aphcptSXv \nmcw.
ssP\amKw Ahew_nph Xzm
\nbmWv. Amh Xzm\nb.
kaoI: _tet`jv! Fp ]dbm!
\nfpsS hn{Kl sshjvWhmZnIfptS
Xpt]mse IpwXSnbpwsImpmnbXt?
\nfptSXpt]mse sshjvWhcptSbpw apw
hn{K lm cm [ \bpw anYy bm Wv . kzbw Xz
m\nbmIpIbpw aphsc Xzm\n
IfmpIbpw sNpXv ImWptm \n
fpsS aXn Xzm\ta Csp a\
nemmw.
aqew: PnW BWmG [tm BWmcln
AWm^pSw Alaqcvn, Cb apWn DuWb
Xw PnW AWmG IWlp [cvw (Sn. 2,
92)
kw. Aw: Pn\ tZ hs B. Zbm
amZn[w FnhsbmgnsIbph Fmw
A[aamWv.
kaoI: F{X A\ymbw! ssP\cm
sXm cp \pw kXy hm Zn bmb [am m hm
bnt? B [manIP\s am\n tt?
ssP\aXcpsS hmbpw \mpw am{Xw sXmen
sImpmnbXpw aphcptSXv Am
XpamsWn CXp icnbmhmw. kzw {K
, kw\ymknam apXembhsc ]pIgvp
Xp tIm Ch B {]iwkbnepw Hcp
]SnIqSn ISncnpXp ImWmw.
aqew: htan \mcbmDhn tPkn ZpcImC
kw`cwXmWav. `mW PWC lcnlc cnn
kano hn Dtmkw (Sn. 2.95)
kw. AYw: lcnlcmZntZhmcpsS hn`qXn
\cItlXphmWv. AXpImWptm ssP\n
Ip tcmam ap m Ip p. cmPm sb
[cnph acWw hsc ZpxJnpXpt]mse
Pnt\{s B ewLnph P\\ac
WZpxJfn s]pgepp.
kaoI: t\mq! ssP\cpsS Im]Syw
shfnhmbnt? lcnlcmZnIsf D]mknp
336
hcpsS Dbbpw sFizcyhpw klnmbvI
bm em Wn hv tcmam ap m Ip Xv . Ch
cpsS sFizcyw Xpw Zmcn{Zyw Ahpw
e`nWsamWm{Klw! cmPmbpsS DZm
l cWw \ev Ip Xv Ch I { ] iwk
sNphcpw òcpfpambXpsImmWv. cmPm
hns Ichpw AwKoIcnWsatm?
Cujybpw tZzjhpw ssP\n I sf tmse
amptabn.
aqew: tPm tZC kp [w tkm]cam
Pbn \lp Atm Inw Ip kcntkm
Cbc Xcq tlmC Ifbmhn (Sn. 2. 101)
kw. Aw: ssP\[ahncp aqVm
cmWv. ssPt\{ Acpfnb [as D]tZ
in p kw\ym knbpw Krl \pw {K
Imhpw Xo cp Xpey cm Wv .
Ahp Xpeycmbn Bcpan.
kaoI: FpsImn? _me_pn
Ifmbncpsn ssP\ CsXmpw hniz
knv CcnpIbnmbncpp. thiybpsS B
{]iwkt]msebmWnXv.
aqew: aqe PnWnZw tZthm XbWw Kpcp
PWw almkbmWw tkkw ]mhSvTmWw ]c
amWwN htan (Sn. 2 103)
kw. Aw: Pot\{tZht\bpw, Atl
ns knmtfbpw, ssP\aXns
D] tZ jv Sm tfbpw XyPn p Xv ssP\n
IpNnXa.
kao I: CXv ssP\n I fpsS imTyw,
]]mXw, Am\w FnhbpsS êas
n ]ns mWv ? Fm ssP\n I fpsS
GXm\pw NneImcysfmgnsI asmwXs
XymPyamWv. Ipdsnepw _pnbph, Ch
cpsS Znhy{Ktfbpw D]tZjvSmtfbpw
Iv, tIv, Nnnp ]w XyPnp Ifbp
IXs sNpw.
aqew: hbtW hn kpKpcp PnWhl
tIknw \ DkC kw, Al Il ZnWaWn
tXbw Dep BWw lcCAw[w (Sn. 2. 108)
kw. Aw: ssP\hN\n\v A\pIq
eambn \Sph ]qPy\pw hncp A]q
Py\pamWv . ssP\Kpcpsf am\npIsbm
aphsc am\nmbvIbmWv.
kao I: av Am \n Isf arK
tftmse ssP\ injycmn _nm
Xn cp m. Ah c s]v kzw apn
amKw At\z jn p am bn cp p. Bsc nepw
\nsf ZpKp cp shtm ZpamKnsbtm,
XnpImcs\tm Zpcp]tZjvSmshtm, hnfn
m F{Xtbm ZpxJ ap m Ipw? \n
A\yv Ccw ZpxJapmphcmIbm
\nfpsS aXn hfsctbsd \nmcIm
cy \ndncnpp.
aqew: tP c[m\CuWw ImcW`qb
lhwXn hmhmcm. tX hnlp AC]m_bm
[m NUvVwXn `hZnb (Sn. 2. 119)
kw. Aw: arXyp ] cyw ZpxJ ap m
bmepw, Irjnhym]mcmZnI ssP\ sNp
Itb AcpXv. Fsm Ch \cIntep
\bnphbmWv.
kaoI: \nsfn\v hym]mcmZnI
sNppshv C\n \nfmscnepw ssP\n
ItfmSp tNmZnWw. AhcnXpt]nm
sXmWv? Dt]nm PohnXw Akm[yam
Ipw. \nfpsS D]tZiw tIv aphcpw Dt]
n m \n Fp `n p Pohn pw.
Ccw A\mNmc D]tZinp IqSmXm
Wv . Fp sN m! hnZybpw kw Khpw
CmsX ]mh hmbn tXmnbsXmw
Pev]npIbmWv.
aqew: X Cbm lamW Alam ImcWc
lnbm A\mW KtW tP P]wXn Dpw
tXknw Zzn n ]wUnw (Sn. 2. 121)
kw. AYw: ssP\mKap hncpamb
imkv{Xsf AwKoIcnph A[acne[
a cm Wv . Fs n ep w t\ ap m Ip sa
nt]mepw ssP\aXn\p hncpambn ]d
bpItbm tIpItbm ]mSn. Fsnepw
{]tbmP\apmbmepw A\yaXsf XyPn
Ww.
kaoI: \nfpsS ]qnI apX
Ctmgph hsc A\yaXsf ZpjnpI
sbmsX asmpw sNbvXnn sNpIbp
an . ssP\, Xcw Inp n S smw h
{]tbmP\hpw knnpsap Im, Bcp
tSbpw injyXzw kzoI cn p I f bpw. ]ns
Cs\ h Imcy ]dbpXn e
337
bnmXmWpXw! IjvSw Xs.
aqew: Pw hoc Pn WmPnH anc Cu
Dp tektZkWHm kmKc tImUmtIm
Unw lnUw C ACòa`h hct. (Sn. 2. 112)
kw. Aw: ssP\nIfn DXpt]mse
Rfnepw [aapsv Bcm\pw ]dbp
]w tImSm\ptImSn hjw Abm \cI
n InSnv \oNPsaSppw.
kao: _te t`jv ! hnZym i {Xp tf!
\nfpsS anYymhN\sf Bcpw Jn
cpsXp hnNmcnt Cu `bchmIyw Fgp
XnhXv? AXv Akw`hyamWv. \nsf F{X
am {X am Wp ] tZ in pI! ap hsc Bt
]npw AkXy {]Ncnnpw XImcyw
t\Sm IsInbncnp \nXv hc
{]kmZamWv!
aqew: Zqtc IcWw Zqcn kmlWw Xl
]`mhW Zqtc PnW[ klmWw ]n Xnc
IZpcImC \nSvThC.
kw. Aw: ssP\[sfmpw A\p
jvTnnsnepw ""ssP\[w kXyw asmw
anYy'' Fp am{Xw {im ]qw ]d bp
]w Abm ZpxJsf XcWw sNpw.
kao: aqVmsc hebn s]Spm
CXnep]cnsbpthWw? Fsm Hpw
sNt. apn X\ntb Inpw! CXne[nIw
Am\bpamb aXtaXmWpXv!
aqew: Ifbm tlmln Znhtkm Pfbm
kpKqcpW ]mb aqen Dp tekhnk
eh clnHm \nkptWkp PnW[cvw
kw. Aw: ""ssP\ {K am{Xw
tIpw. Dq{X AYhm A\yaX{K
{ihnpItb C'' Fns\ a\n
{im ]qw hnNm cn m aXn. ZpxJ km K c
n \np IcIbdmw.
kao : CXpw km[p sf he bn
hogvm\pXmWv. B hnNmcwsImv ZpxJ
km K c n \np Ib dp I bn . ]q P
nse kn X ]m ] fpsS ZpxJ cq ]n bmb
ê A\p`hnp Xot ]q. Ccw
hnZymhncpamb Imcy FgpXnhbvmXn
cpsn thZmZnimkv{X IpwtIpw
kXym k Xy f dnv Ch cpsS Ahn Zym cq
]nbpw kmclo\hpamb {Ksf XyPnt
s\. Chcpmnhncnp hebn \nv
Hcp ]t _pnam\pw kwKnbpamb Bsc
nepw c ss n em bn. PU _p n Iv
Chcn \np tamN\w ITn\w Xs.
aqew: Pm tPWlnw `Wnbpw kqb hh
lmcw hntkm lnbw X PmCb hnkp
t_mln PnWBWm cmlKmHm
kw. Aw: Pn\m Nm cy D] tZ in
kq{Xw, \ncp n, hrn, `mjyw, NqWnI
Fnh A\pkcnph kZv{]hnI
sNpIbpw ZpxJ klnpIbpw sNp
XpsImv kz`mhnIfmbn kuJyw {]m]n
pp. A\yaX{K hmbnm CXkm
[yamWv.
kaoI: hnip s]mcnbpI apXemb
Ijv S kln p XmtWm kz `mhw?
As\bmsWn maw sImpw ZmcnZyw
sImpw hniphebph ipcmbn ip`
^ e t\tS Xm Wv . Ahtcm \ntfm
Cs\ t\Spn. adnv ]nw tIm]npw
apw tcmKnIfmbn ZpxJnptXbpq. \ymbm
NcWw, kXy`mjWw, {_Ncyw apXemb
hbmWv [aw. AkXyw ]dbpI, A\ymbw
sNbv I XpS nb ]m] am Wv . Fm h tcmSpw
{]oXn ]q hw ]tcm ] Imw hn p
Xt{X ipàmb kz`mhw. ssP\aXmcpsS
]nWnInSepw apw [aa. Cu kq{XmZn
I hnizknm Aev]w kXyhpw A[nIw
AkXyhpw ssIhv Ftbvpw ZpxJkmK
cns]v DgepItb Dq.
aqew: PC PmWnkn PnW\mtlm tembm
bmcm hn]cIG `qHm Xm Xw Xw aw tXm
Il akn temA Bbmcw(Sn. 2. 148)
kw. AYw: Dacmb `mKyhmm ssP\
[as kzoIcnpp. AmhcpsS `mKyw
\jvSsSpp.
kaoI: CXv A_hpw AkXyhp
at? A\yaXfn `mKyhmmcpw ssP\
cn \n`mKyhmmcpw Bcpant? ]ckv]cw
IelncpsXpw At\ym\yw kvt\l]qw
hnWsapw ]dbpptm.63 ap
hcpambn IelnpXv sXmsWv ssP\
Icp Xp n s t CXn \np {Kln t
338
Xv? CXpw Abpat? k\ ]c
kv]cw kvt\ltmsS hnpIbpw ZpjvS
mv inWw \ev In kp in n X cm p
Ibpw sNpp. {_mW, {XnZWvUnI ]cn
{ hmP Im Nm cy m AYhm Xm] k,
kw\ymknI apXembhscmw ssP\cpsS
i{XpfmsWv FgpXnbncnpp.
64
t\mq.
Fm h tcbpw i{Xp `m h n ImWp Ibpw
\nnpIbpw BsWn ssP\cpsS Zbm
amZn[a FmWv? A\ysc tZzjnp
Xn t\ m henb lnwk bn . ssP\n I tf
tmse tZzjaqnI hfscpdt ImWq.
lcnlcmZnhI kn]mXPzcmcpw Ah
cpsS [aw hnjXpeyhpamsWpw FgpXnbn
cn p p.
65
Ej ` tZ h apX alm ho c
hscbp 24 XoYcm cmKnIfpw tZzjn
Ifpw hIcpw ssP\ kn]mXPzcmcpw
Ah cpsS [aw \c Ihpw hnj Xp eyhpw
BsWp ]d m ssP\v F{ X
AkpJw tXmpw? AXn\m ssP\ \n,
]caXtZzjw Fo almtifns]v Dg
epIbmWv. Ch ]cnXyPnm \v.
aqew: GtKm BKpcq GtKm hnkmhKo
tNZ AWn hnhlmWn, X bPw PnWZw
]cpcw Xw \ hnn (Sn. 2. 150)
kw. AYw: Fm ` m cp tSbpw
ssZhhpw Kpcphpw [ahpw HpXs, ssNXy
h\w AYhm ssP\_nw_, t{X
hkvXp Fnh kwcntXpw ssP\
{]XnaIsf ]qPntXpw [aamWv.
kaoI: t\mq hn{Klmcm[\bpsS
_lfw XpS n bXp ssP\cn \nm Wv .
AhnizmkfpsS Cunhpw ssP\aXw
Xs.
hn{Klmcm[\mcoXnI
{imZn\IrXyw F {Kns Hmw
hiv hn{Klmcm[\bpsS {]amWw ImWmw.
t\mpI:
1 \hImtcW hnthmtlm. 2. A\pkcWw
kmhD 3. hbnPw Cta 4 tPmtKm 5. Nnbh
WtKm 6. bcJmWw Xphnln ]pOw.
1. `mtNv Hmw \Sbn \hImcw
P]nWw. 2. cmw \Sbnepw \hImcw P]n
nv Rm Bcm[I\msWv kvacnWw. 3.
aqmw \Sbn Ap {hXw F{Xsbp Nnn
Ww. 4. \memw \Sbn Cs\ kvacn
Ww. ""\mev ]pcpjmYfn {][m\w apn
bmWv . AXns ImcWw m\m Zn I fm Wv .
AXns ewL\w CmXmn \neamn
bm Hu]NmcnIambn tbmKsap ]dbmhp
Bdv ImcW e`npw. AXmWv tbmKw.''
Am as \S bn ssNXyh\ AYhm
hn{K ls \a kv I cnv ]qPn Ww. Bdm
as {] Xym Jym \ \ S bn "\h Im cko
{]apJw" hn[n]qhw' hn[n]qhw Rm ]d
bppv Fns\ [ym\nWw.
thsdbpw ]e hn[nI Cu {Knepv.
Amgkabv Pn\_nw_s XoYc
hn{Kls ]qPnWw. \S]qPbpw sNWw.
\S]qPbvp hfsc ]mgvNSpIfpv. t{X
fpmpXpw PotWmmcWw \Sp
Xpw apn{]ZamWv. t{Xfn hfsc
`ntbmsS CcppthWw ]qP\StXv.
"\tam Pnt\t{`yx' XpSnb a{ sNmn
smv IpfnWw. PeN\ ]pjv] [q]
Zo]ss\x Fp ]dv AnWw.
cXv\mcw Hmw `mKw 12mw t]Pn hn{K
lm cm [ \ bpsS êw ""cmPm hnt\m {]P
Itm ]qPsNpbmfns\ XSbm\mhpI
bn'' FXmsWsgpXncnpp.
kaoI: CsXmw It]meIev ]nXamWv .
hfsc ssP\]qPIsc cmPmhv XSnpv .
aqmw t]Pn Cs\ FgpXnbnpv
""hn{K lm cm [\sImv alm tcm K fpw
htZmjfpw amdpw, Ap ]Wn\p ]qhp
hmn Anbm ]Xns\p cmPy
[n]\mbn. AbmfpsS t]cmWv, Ipamc]m.
66
kaoI: CsXmw Ihpw hnUvVn
Isf {]tem `n n m ]d bp Xp amWv .
]qPnv]qPnv ssP\nIfpw tcmKnIfmbnocp
p. Hcp Xpp cmPyw t]mepw hn{K l ]q P
sImv InpIbn. Ap ]Wn\v ]pjv]m
63. CXv Cu KmYbpsS AYa. 149mw KmYbptSXmWv.
64. Sn. 2.148\v KpWcXv\mIc SoIbn FgpXncnpp.
65. Sn. 2.962
66.Ipamc]m KpPdmnse Hcp sNdnb cmPmhmbncp
p. (G.Un. 12mw \qmn)
339
Pv Ren \S n bm cmPyw Inp sa n
Ap ]Ww hoXw apSn ]pjv ]m\
sNbvXv temIw apgph kzw cmPyamm
sXmWv? Fn\v inI A\p`hnpp?
hn{Klmcm[\sImv kwkmckmKcw XcWw
sNmsan, m\w, kayKvZi\w, kz
`mhw Fnhsbn\v?
AhnsSs 13mw t]Pn FgpXpp:
""tKmXas tamXncn AarXw, kvacW
sImv Cm{]m]vXn''
kaoI: As\bmsWn ssP\
scmw AacXzw {]m]nWambncpp. A
s\bmhpn. CsXmw Asc {]tem`n
n m\p AS hp I fm Wv . AmsX CXn
sempw Hcp Xzhpan.
AhnSs 52mw t]Pn ]qPnm\p
tmIw FgpXnbncnpp:
PeN\ (]pjv]) [q]ss\cY Zo]m
X ssIcvss\thZy hkvss{Xx, D]Nmch
ssccvhbw Pnt\{m cpNnssc c Zy apZm
bPm atl.
""R Pew, N\w, Acn, ]pjv]w, [q]w,
Zo]w, ss\thZyw, hkv{Xw, AXnt{ijvT D]
Nmc Fnhbm ssPt\{sc XoY
csc ]qPnmw.''
kaoI: CXpsImmWv hn{Klmcm
[\bpsSbmcw`w ssP\cn \nmsWp ]d
Xv . hnthI km c ns 21 mw hiv
""ssP\t{Xn tamlw ISpIbn, `h
kmKcn\cISpXmWXv'' Fpw 51
52 hifn ""hn{Klmcm[\sImv apn
bp m Ipp. ssP\ t {X n t]mbm
kZvKpW ssIhcpw Fpw PeN\mZn
Ifm XoYcmsc ]qPnph \cIw
shSnv kzKspsapw 55mw hiv
ssP\ t {X n Ej ` tZ h apX emb
Xocmsc ]qPnphv [am
Imatam knnpsapw 61mw hiv
ssP\hn{Kl ]qPnm PKnse kh
hn[ tifpw hnsmgnbpsapw FgpXnbn
pv.
kaoI: AhnZymbpamb Akw`y
h Im cy ]d bp Xp tIq. ]m]mZn
ZpjvIafpw apw Cs\ shSnbmsan
taml an mbv abpw, `h km K c n\nv
cbpw, \c Iw hnv kz {]m ]v Xnbpw ,
[amY Ima tam {]m ]v Xnbpw Dm Ip sa
n Fm ssP\cpw kh ] Zm fpw
{]m]nv kpJhmmcmImsXmWv?
Cu hnth I km c ns aqmw h iv
Cs\ Fgp Xn bn pv ""ssP\ hn {Klw
m]nph Ahsbpw Ahs IpSpw
_nsbpw PohnXamKw m]npp.'' 225
mw hiv "inh, hnjvWp apXembh
cpsS hn{Kl ]qPnpXv Nobpw \c
Intep hgnbpw BsWv'' FgpXnbn
pv.
kaoI: inhsbpw apw hn{Kl
\cIntev sImpt]mIpXmsWn
ssP\ hn {K l A s\ bp h bt?
RfpsS hn{Kl XymKnIfpw, imcpw,
ipàp{Zmbphpw BIbm \hbmsWpw
inh sbpw apw As\ Am Xn \m
No BsWp ]dtmw. AhtcmSv
]dbm\p Dcw CXmWv: \nfpsS hn{K
l eWn\p cq] hne]nSnp
t{XfnemWv \nevpXv. N\ tIk
cmZn hne]nSnphbmWv hgn]mSmbn Inp
Xv. ]nss\bmWv Ah XymKnIfmIp
Xv ? inhs hn{K l shfn epw
\nevppv. Ahct XymKnI? imcm
sWp ]dbpXp icn. PUhkvXp \n
eamIbm imw Xs. Fm aXntebpw
hn{Klmcm[\ hyYamWv.
tNmZyw: RfpsS hn{Kl hkv{Xm`
cWm[nI AWnbpn. AXn\m \hbm
Wv.
Dcw: FmhcpsSbpw apmsI \hn
{Kl m]npXv arKobamWv.
tNmZyw:kv {Xo bpsS {]Xn atbm Nn{Xtam
ImWp ]pcpj\v ImtamXv]n DmIp
Xp t]mse kw\ym kn am cp tSbpw tbmKn I fp
tSbpw hn{Klw Im ip`KpW lrZ
bnepZnpw.
Dcw: inemZn hn{Kln\nv \Kp
W ]Ip Inpsan AhbpsS PUX
apXemb XnIfpw ]IpInpw. PU_p
n bm bm kh \m i amWv êw IqSmsX
340
hnZzm m cp ambn _ an msX hcp Xp \n
anw aqVXbpw hnpw. 11mw kapmk
n FgpXnb tZmj Fm hn{Klmcm
[ \ mpw _m[ I am Wv . AXp t]mse
ssP\nI hn{Klmcm[\sb
67
t]cn Imn
Iqp t]qpI t]mse AhcpsS a{
fpw Htsd Akw`hyImcy FgpXnh
npv. cXv\kmcw F {Kns Hmw
hiv FgpXnbncnp a{w t\mpI:
""\tam Acn lw XmWw \tam knmWw
\tam BbcnbmWw D_vPQmbWw \tam
tem G k kmlqWw. Gtkm ] \ap
mtcm kcv]mhWmktWm awKemNWw
N ktknw ]Vaw lhC awKeav.'' Cu
a{ n\v henb amlm y ap t{X. Fm
ssP\ cp sSbpw Kpcp a { am WnXv . CXns
amlmyw hWnncnpXp Im ]pcm
W fnepw X{ fnepw \mS I fnepw
apap IYI tXmpt]mIpw.
{imZn\IrXyw aqmwhiv C{]Imcw
ImWpp: \apmcw XD ]tV (9) Php
Ipw awXmWawtXm]ctam Capn t[bm
W t[bw ]caw Cap n. Xm W Xw
]caw ]hnw kwkmc kmW Zplm
CbmWw (10) XmWw Aw\wXp t\m An
PohmWw `hkmbtc. _ppw XmWw Caw
appw \apmcw kpt]m]bav (11) Iw,
At K Pw Xckw NnBWw ZplmWw
kmcocn Aam Wp km Wp km W av . Itmb
`mW `nh\mtkm \ Pmh]tm \h
Imcatm. (12)
Aw: Cu a{ ]hn{Xfmb ]c
aa{fmWv. [ym\tbmKyambhbn t{ijvT
amWv. Xzfn XzamWv. kap{Zn\
cISphm \uI F{]Imctam A{]Imcam
Wv, ZpxJ]oUnXamb kwkmcw XcWw sNp
hm Pohmmo \hImca{w. (910)
\uIbvv XpeyamWv. CXns\ shSnbp
h kwkm c km K c n apntm Ip p.
CXns\ {Kln p h cm Is ZpxJ sf
XcWw sNpp. Pohmmsf ZpxJn
\nIn, kh]m]hpw \innv, apnImc
WambnpXv Cu a{amsX asmn. (11)
`h km K c ns]p hnhn[P sf Sp
p Poh\v imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb
ZpxJfIn `hkmKcn \np IcIbdp
hm CtX bp . \h Im c a {s {]m]n
msX Poh\v `hkmKcXcWan. (12) Cu
Aw kq{Xfn ]dXmWv. An XpS
nb AjvSalm`bfn \np cnp
Xpw Cu a{amsX asm. \hcXv\
fn sshUq cy a Wn t]m sebpw, i{Xp P b
n\v FXnc ikv{Xwt]msebpw, Fmn\pw
Xmtmt]msebpapXmWnXv. ZzmZimwKn
sb alm]qPbpsS clkyhpw Cu \hImc
a{amWv.
Cu a{ ns A an XmWv : \tam
AcnlmWav =FmXoYcmpw, \a
kvImcw. \tam knmWav= Fm ssP\kn
mpw \akvImcw. \tam BbcnbmWav =
Fm ssP\mNmcympw \akvImcw. \tam
D_PvQmbmWav = Fm ssP\ D]m[ymb
mpw \akvImcw. \tam tem G k km
lqWav = ssP\aXnse F{X km[p
Cu `qanbneptm Ahsmw \akvImcw.
a{ n "ssP\' kwPv R Csnepw
ssP\ {K fn semw ssP\ a X sam gn sI
bp Hcp aXmc\pw \akvImcw ]mSnsp
]dncnbm CXpXsbmWv icnbmb
Aw.
XzhnthIw 169mw hiv ""Bcv, Ipw
achpw tZh Fp I cpXn ]qPn p pthm
Ahv kZvê e`npp.'' Fsgp
Xnbnpv.
kaoI: Fn ]ns Zi\w \Sn
Fmhcpw kpJcq]nbmb ê {]m]nm
sXmWv?
cXv \ kmcw Hmw `mKw 10 mw hiv
]miz\mYs hn{Klw Zinm Xm]w \in
pw. FsgpXnbncnpp. Iev]kq{X`mjy
n 51mw hiv ""HtIm ew t{X
fpsS PotWmmcWw \Sn'' FsgpXn
bnpv. Cs\ hn{Klmcm[\sbn hfsc
tbsd FgpXnhnpv . hn{Klmcm[\bpsS
aqe Im cWw ssP\ a X am sWv CXn
\nsmw {KlnmhpXmWv.
C\n Cu ssP\ kw\ym kn amcpsS eoe
67. t]Pv 493495
341
IImepw: hnthIkmcw 228mw ]pdv
Fgp Xn bn cn p p. ""Hcp ssP\ kw\ymkn
tImisb thiybpambn kwt`mKw sNbvX
Xn\ptijw XymKnbmbn kzKtemIw {]m]n
p. hn th I kmcw 101 mw ]pdv Cs\
ImWmw. AWI ap\n Nmcn{XclnX\mbn hf
sc hjw Z tk n s hon hn j
bt`mK sNbvXXn\ptijw tZhtemI
pt]mbn. {ioIrjvWs ]p{X\mb VwV
W ap \nsb Ipdp n ]nSnnsImpt]m bn.
]ns Abm tZh\mhpIbpw sNbvXp.
hnth I kmcw 158 mw ]pdv ""ssP\ kw
\ymkn Nn[mcn thj[mcn am{Xambmepw
ipNcnXt\m ZpcnXt\m Bbmepw {imh
I ]qPnWw.'' FsgpXnbncnpp 168mw
]pdv ""ssP\km[p ZpcnX\mbmepw A\y
a X nse kw\ym kn am tc m t{ijv T \m
Wv.'' FsgpXnbnpv. 171mw ]pdns\
ImWmw: ssP\km[p ZpcmNmcnbpw Nmcn{Xy
lo\\pw BsWnepw {imhI Atls
tkhn p sImWw.'' 216mw ]pdv : "Hcp
I Ap ]nSn apSn ]dnv Nmcn{Xy{KlWw
sNbvXv hfsc IjvSsSpIbpw ]m]np
Ibpw sNbv Xp. Bdmw amk n tIh e
m\w {]m]nv kn\mbn'' Fp ImWmw.
kao: Cu kw\ymknIfptSbpw Krl
mcptSbpw eoemhnemkw t\mpI. alm
Zpjv Ir Xy sNbv Xnpw kZv KXn {]m]
pht{X!
hnth I kmcw 106mw ]pdv Fgp Xn bn cn
pp: ""{ioIr jv W aqmw \c I n
t]mbn '' 145"" [\z cn \c I n
t]mbn''.148 tPmKn, PwKaImPn, apm Fn
h Am \ n s]v , hfsc X]p
sNbv Xnpw bmX\ A\p ` hn npw ZpKXn
{]m]np Fsmw FgpXnbnpv.
cXv\kmcw Hmw `mKw 170mw hiv Fgp
Xnbncnpp: HXv hmkptZhm AXm
bXv {Xn]rjvThmkptZh, Zzn]rjvThmkptZ
h, kzbw`qhmkptZh, ]pcptjmahmkp
tZh, knwl]pcpjhmkptZh, ]pcpj]p
WvUcoIhmkptZh, ZhmkptZh, eva
WhmkptZh, {ioIrjvWhmkptZh Fn
hscmw ]Xns\mv, ]{v, ]Xn\mev, ]Xn
\v, ]Xns\v, Ccp]Xv, Ccp]ncv Fo
{Ianse XoYcmcpsS ImemWv h\
n t]mbXv. HXv {]Xn hmkptZhm
AXm bXv Aiz {Ko h {] Xn hm kp tZ h
68
,
XmcI{]XnhmkptZh, tamZI{]XnhmkptZ
h, a[p {]XnhmkptZh, \nipw`{]Xnhm
kptZh, _eo{]XnhmkptZh, {]lvfmZ{]
XnhmkptZh, cmhW{]XnhmkptZh, Pcm
knp{]XnhmkptZh Fnhscmw \cI
n t]mbn''.
Iev]kq{X`mjyn Ej`tZh apX
almhoc hscbp 24 XoYcm Fmw
tamw {]]np FsgpXnbnpv.
kao: ChcpsS Cu sIpIYIsfn
_pnamm Nnnp t\ms. ssP\kw\ym
knamcpw Krlmcpw XoYcmcpw hy`n
NmcnIfpw Imcpambncpnpw kzKn
senbs{X. {ioIrjvWs\tmep alm
[manIcmb almm Fmhcpw \cI
n t]mbnt]mepw! Cs\ ]dbpsX{X
\nIrjvSamWv.
hmkvXhw ]dm \hcmb BfpI
ssP\nIfpambn CSs]SpItbm Ahsc Zin
p Itbm Acp Xv . Ah cp ambn kwkKw
sNbvXm AhcpsS tZmj ]Icpw. Cu
\n_ _p n Ifpw Zpcm {K ln I fp ambn
kwkKw sNbvXm tZmjta hp `hnq.
Fm ssP\nIfn \hcpambn kwkKw
sNpXv Hpw tZmjIca.
hnthIkmcns 55mw ]pdv FgpXnbn
cnpXn{]ImcamWv ""KwKmZnXo,
Imin apXemb t{X FnhnSfn
Xom S\w \S p Xp sImv ]c amY
sampw kn n pIbn. Fm Kn\m,
]meo Sm Wm, B_p apX emb ssP\ Xo
apnhsc \evIm t]mhbmWv.
kaoI: ssihsshjvWhmZnIfpsS
t{X fpw XoY fpw F{] Im c amtWm
PU h kv Xp fmbn cn p Xv AX
t]mseXsbmWv ssP\nIfptSXpw. Ahbn
semns\ kvXpXnpXpw asmns\ \nn
pXpw hyYamWv.
68. hnjv Wphns {]XnZzn. hnjv Wp sImpItbm sImn
pItbm sNbvXp.
342
cXv\kmcw Hmw `mKw 2324 hifn
Cs\ ImWmw. ""almhocXoYc KuX
at\mSp ]dbpp: DuztemIn kn
ine Fsmcp eapv AXv kzK]pcnp
apI fn \mev p tbmN\ \of n,
A{XXs hnkvXmcn FptbmP\ h
n DXmWv. AXv appametbm, ]
iphn]ment\m shbpw {]Imihpap
XmWv. kztm Xnfhpw Im
Sntbm \naehpamWv . CXv ]Xn\memw
temIns apI`mKmWv. AXn\p apI
fn inh]pcsa m\apv. AXnepw ap
]pcpjm XmnmsX hknpp. AhnsS
P\\acW ZpxJfn. B\tabpq. hop
ah P\\acWfn hcpn. Fm I
fn\npw apcmWh.'' CXt{X ssP\
cpsS apn.
kaoI: A\yaXn kzKhW\
]e X c nepv . ssIemkw, sshIpWv Tw,
{io]pcw, tKmtemIw apXembh ]pcmWfp
tSbpw, \memw BImiw {InkvXym\nIfptSbpw
Ggmw BImiw apowfptSbpw apnm
\amWv. AXpt]mseXsbt ssP\nIfpsS
kn in e bpw inh ]p cn bpw? apI fn Fp
ssP\nI ]dbpnSw AXn\p apIfnep
hv Xmsgbmbncnpw. `qanbn \apv Xmsg
]mphv \mw Bt]nIambn Xmsg
bm Wv . apIfpw Xmtgbpw hyh m ]n X
]Zm f . Bcym h nse ssP\n
I apIfnsep ]dbpnSw Atacnmhmkn
Iv XmsgbmWv. Xmsgsbp ]dbpnSw
Ahv apIfnepamWv. B ine \mev]p
e ns Ccn, sXmq dp ew tImiw
hepXmsWnepw icn AXnse ap _
\ n em Wv . B inebv p ]pd n d n
tmbm AhcpsS apn CmXmbntmIpa
tm. AXpt]mse Ftmgpw AXn Ccnp
Xn {]oXnbpw ]pdpt]mIpXn A{]o
Xnbpw DmIpw. {]oXnbpw A{]oXnbpw D
Xns\ apn Fp ]dbm\mIptam? HXmw
kapmkn hnncnp XcnemWv
apnsbv IcpXpXmWv icn. ssP\nIfpsS
apn HcpXcw _\amWv . apn hnjb
n ssP\cpw {àPmen s]ncnpIbm
Wv . icn bmb thZm m \ n
eqsSbmsX apnsbspw Adnbphm
Ignbpn.
C\n ChcpsS GXm\pw Akw`hy {]kvXm
h sf gp Xmw. hnth I km c ns 78mw
]pdv FgpXnbncnpp: ""HcptImSn Adp
]Xvew IeisImv almhocs\ P
kabv kv\m\w sNnp.'' 136mw hiv,
ZimW cm Pmhv , alm ho cs Zi \mYw
t]mbn. Atlw sXsm l cn p. AXp
amm\mbn AhnsS 16,77,72,16,000 C{kzcq]n
Ifpw 13,37,05,72,00,00,000 C{mWnIfpw hs
nbXv Iv cmPmhn\v Bcyambn.
kaoI: C{Xbpw C{mpw C{m
WnIpw \nevm Cs\ F{X `qtKmf
thnhcpw!
{imZn\IrXyw, B\nm`mh\, 31mw
]pdv FgpXnbncnpp: ""_mhUnIfpw
69
InWdpw Ipffpw IpgnncpXv''
kaoI: Fmhcpw ssP\cmhpIbpw
Bcpw Ipfhpw InWdpw Hpw IpgnnmXncn
pIbpamsWn temI Fs\ shw
IpSnbvpw?
tNmZyw: Ipfhpw apw Ipgnnm AXn
PohnI hogpw. Ipgnnphv ]m]apm
Ipw. AXn\m R ssP\nI CsXmpw
sNpIbn.
Dcw: \n o _p n \miw
hsXs\? p{ZPohnI hoWpacnp
]m]w KWn p tm, hen b Po hn I fmb
]iphpw aparKfpw shw IpSnptm
e`np ]pWyw FpsImv Fpn?
XzhnthIw 196mw ]pdv C{]Imcw Fgp
Xn bn pv : Hcp \K c n \ a Wn Im c
F tkv _mhUn Ipgnnp. Abm [a
{`jvS\mhpIbpw ]Xn\mdptcmKv A[o
\\mhpIbpw sNbvXp. acnv B _mhUnbn
Xs Xhfbmbn ]ndp. almhocs Zi
\ tmsS Abmv ]q h Pm Xn kv a
cWbpm bn. alm ho c ]d bpp: Rm
hcpsp tIv, ]qhPnse BNmcys\
69. _mhUn HcpXcw "IpfnW' BWv. InWn\pn
tev ]SnI sInbndnbncnpw. AXneqsS Cdn
shw tImcnsbSpmw.
343
dnv hn p hm hcth, t{iWn Is
IpXn c bpsS Nhn tv acnv ip` [ym \ tbm K
m Zp cm F ha l Xz fp
tZh \mbn . m\ i n bm Fs
kmn[yw Adnv hcnIbpw amlmyw {]I
Snnv, hnv aSpIbpw sNbvXp.
kaoI: C{]Imcap Akw`hyanYy
I ]dbp almhocs\ kthmas\p
IcpXpXn Ihn alm{`mv aspp!
{imZn\ IrXyw 36mw ]pdv FgpXpp:
""acnhs hkv{Xw kw\ymkn FSps.''
kaoI: t\mq! kw\ymkn alm{_m
W\v
70
Xpey\mbn! hkv{Xw kw\ymknv!
B` cWw Bp Xv ? hne Iq Sp X ep Xn
\m hon hbv p am bn cn pw. Atm
kw\ymknv Fp ]Zhn?
cXv\kmcw Hmw`mKw 105mw ]pdv ImWp
Xv: ""hdpIbpw CSnpIbpw s]mSnp
Ibpw ]mIw sNpIbpw sNpXn ]m]
apv.''
kao I: Ch cpsS Adn hn mbv a
t\mq. Cu Iasfmpw sNbvXnsn
a\pjycpw apw Fs\ Pohnpw? ssP\n
Ifpw ]WvUnXcmbn Npt]mhpItbbpq.
cXv\kmcw Hmw `mKw 104mw ]pdv Fgp
XnbncnpXv t\mpI: ""]qtmw Dm
nbm tXmmc\v Hcpew ]m]w Dm
Ipw.''
kaoI: tXmmc\v ew ]m]ap
mbmepw At\Iw PohnIv CeIfpw ]g
fpw ]qfpw sImv B\w e`npw.
Atm tImSn]pWyhpw e`npw. CXp ImWp
tXbn. CsX{X AXbmWv!
XzhnthIw 202mw ]pdv FgpXnbncn
pp: ""e_v[n F kw\ymkn AdnbmsX
Hcp thiymKrln sNpIbdn. [t_m
[\w \Sn `n. bmNn p. ChnsS [a
sampw C. AYwsImp CS]mSpItf
bpq Fmbn thiy. e_v[n
71
DSs\Xs
]{cew kzW \mWb AhnsS
hjnp.
kao I: CXv _pn lo\ m m
Xmm\pw hnizknphm Ignbptam?
cXv\kmcw Hmw`mKw 67mw ]pdv Fgp
Xnbncnpp: ""Hcp inem hn{Klw IpXncp
dpIbdn kcnpIbpw kvacnphsc
sNp cnpIbpw sNpp.''
kaoI: ]dbq ssP\tc! \nfpsS
hoSpIfn Ctmgpw tNmcmcptSbpw sIm
mcpsSbpw òWnbnt? kvacnv inemhn
{Kls hcpn ct\SmsX t]meoknepw
apw ]cmXn sImSpm an\SpsXn
\mWv?
tizXmw_ccpw ZnKw_ccpw
C\n ChcpsS kw\ymknamcpsS eWw
FgpXmw:
1. ""kctPmlcWm ss` `qtPm epnX
aq cv Pmx, tiz Xmw _cmx am ioem
\nxkwKm ssP\km[hx.
2. epnXmx ]nnIm lkv Xmx ]mWn
]m{Xm ZnKw _cmx Dcv zm int\m Krtl
ZmXpcvZznXobmx. kypcvPn\cvjbx
3. `pMvt \ tIheo \ kv{Xo tam
taXn ZnKw _cmx, {]mlp tc jm abw t`tZm
alm tizXmw_sscx kl.
72
ssP\ kw \ym kn am cpsS eWw ]d bp
hm Pn\Z kqcn cNnXmWo tmI
kctPm lcWx =Nmacw [cnpI `nsb
Spv `npI, Xebnse tcma ep\w
(]ngpsXSppI) sNpI. tizXhkv{Xw [cn
p I, a tbmsS Pohn p I, BtcmSpw
kwkKanmXncnpI Fo eWfp
ssP\n Isf tizXmw _ c Fpw PXn I
Fpw ]dbpp.
cmatXv ZnKw_c. Ch hkv{Xw [cn
pn. XeapSn ]ngpXp IfbpIbpw ssIhiw
Hcp tcmaqev hbvpIbpw Bscnepw `n
\evInbm In hmn `npIbpw sNp
p. Cu ZnKw_c asmcpIqw kw\ymknam
70. alm{_W F {]tbmKw NpSemc F
AYn {]tbmKnp lnn]ZamWv.
71. e_v[nsbXn\v kn FmWYw. Cu kns
t]cv \ntjW Fmbncpp.
72. khZi\kw{Klw BlXZi\w tmIw 1012
344
cmWv. `n\evIp Krl `nncp
tijw am{Xw `nphcmWv Pn\jnI
Fp ]dbp aqmasIqw kw\ymknI
ZnKw_ccpw tizXmw_ccpw Xn C{Xtb
t`Z ap q. ZnKw _ c kv {XoIv apn bn
s ]mcmWv. tizXmw_c Ds
]mcpw. Ch Hbvv `nphcpa
. ssP\cpsS tIiep\w kh{X {]kn
amWv. Ap]nSn apSn ]ngWw Fpw apw
FgpXnhnpv. hnthIkmcw 216mw hiv
""Ap ]nSn apSn ]ngpXv Nmcn{Xyw {Klnp.
AXmbXv Ap ]nSn apSn ]ngpXv kw\ymkn
bmbn'' Fp ImWpp. Iev]kq{X`mjyw 108
mw ]pdv tIiep\w sNbvXv ]iphns
tcmawt]mse BpI FsgpXnbnpv.
kaoI: ssP\ ]dbs \nfpsS
Zb F [w FhnsS t]mbn? CXv lnwk
bt? X\ntb BIs KpcphmIs, amcm\p
am Is Fp Ijv S X bmWv Cu ep \w
sImv B Poh A\p`hnpXv! PohnIsf
thZ\nnpXn\mWv lnwksbp ]dbp
Xv .
hnthIkmcw 78 hifn FgpXnbncn
pp: hn{I am _v Zw 1633emWv tiz Xmw _
cn\nv VqwVnb F Iqcpw Ahcn\nv
tXcm ] n I F hn`m Khpw Dm b Xv .
VqwVnbI hn{Klmcm[\mc. `Ww
kv\m\w FnhsbmgnsI kZm Hcp XpWn
jWwsImv hmb aqSnspp. PXnI apX
embh ]pkvXIw hmbnptm hmaqSns
pp. ap kabfn sIpn.
tNmZyw: hmbvaqSn sItXpXs. Fs
m hmbp Imbn AXmbXv hmbphn
kqv a i co c fmb Pohn I Dv . Ah
hmbn\nv hcp NqSn Np t]m Ipw.
AXns ]m]w apJv XpWnsImhp
mIpw. AXn\m apJv XpWnsIpXp
XsbmWv \Xv.
Dcw: CXv Adn hn sbpw {] Xy mZn
{]am W fp sSbpw shfn n bp a .
Poh hmIytam arXypthm CmXmWv.
AXn\m hmbnse NqSpsImv Ah acnp
I bn . Poh C c n ep Xm sWv
\nfpw AwKoIcnpptm.
tNmZyw: Poh acnpIbn. Fm apJ
s DjvWhmbpsImv Ahbvv ]oUbpm
Ipw. B ]oUbpmp Bfn\v AXpsImv
]m] ap m Ipw. AXn \m hm aqSn s p
XmWv \Xv.
Dcw: CXv icnb. ]oUnnmsX Hcp
Pohnpw Hpw Pohn m Ign bp I bn .
hmbnse hmbp Gm PohnIv ]oVbp
m Ip sa \n fpsS A`n {]m b {] Imcw
kcnpI, CcnpI, ssIImepI Nenn
pI. Ip anpI apXembhsImpw hfsc
]oUbpmIpw AXn\m \npw Pohn
Ipw ]oUbpmIpXn \nsmgnp
\nevm km[ya.
tNmZyw: IgnhXpw ]oU \evImsX Pohn
Isf cnWw. IgnbmnSv \mw AXn\v
AicmWv. hmbp \ndsb PohnIfmWv. hm
aqSmXncpm hfsc PohnI acnpw. aqSp
tm Ipdt acnq.
Dcw: CXpw bpniq\yamb ]dnem
Wv. XpWnsIpXpsImv PohnIv IqSp
X ZpcnXapmIpw. hmbv XpWnsIp
Xp sImv , hmbn se hmbp Xn \n v
Xmtgbvtm hipIqsStbm au\ambncnp
tm aqneqsStbm Hnv inbmbn {]h
lnpw. Atm NqSp IqSpXembncnbm
\nfpsS A`n {]mb {]Imcw, IqSp X
]oUbvp ImcWamIpw. apdnbpsS Pepw
hmXnepw Fmw AS n Sp Itbm XpWn bn Sp
Itbm sNptm NqSv hnpw. Xpdncp
m A{Xbpw NqSpm hp I bp an . AXp
t]mse apJv XpWnsIptm NqSv A[n
IamIpw sImXncpm IqSpIbn. Atm
\nfpsS A`n{]mb{]Imcw IqSpX IjvSX
PohnIpmIpw. aqSnsptm IqSpX
in tbmsS hmbp ]pd p h cn Ibpw Pohn
Iv A[nIw ZpcnXapmhpIbpw sNpw.
Hcm IpgenmsX XobqXnbm {]hlnp
Xne[nIw intbmsS IpgeneqsS DuXn
bm {]hlnpw. AXpt]mse apJv XpWn
sInbm hmbn hmbp XSbpXn\m aqn
eqsS iambn {]hlnpIbpw PohnIv
IqSpX ZpxJapmpIbpw sNpw. AXn
\m hmbv XpWnsIphtcm henb
345
[m m sI m h cm Wv . IqSmsX
XpWnsInbm Ac thhw D
cnphm IgnbpIbn. A\p\mknIam
Ac A\p\mknIambn DcnpXp
sImp tZmjhpw \npmIpw. XpWn
sIpXpsImv ZpKhpw hnpw. ico
c n \p n ZpK am Wp Xv . ico c
n\np t]mIp hmbp ZpKbpam
IpXpsImv CXv {]XyamWv. AXns\
XSbpXpsImv ZpKw hnpw. AS
n iuNmebw IqSpX ZpKapXpw
Xpd Xv Ipd hp Xp am bn cn p Xp t]mse
hmbv XpWnsIn ]ptXbvmsX, Ipfn
msX, apemsX \SpXpw sImv
\nfpsS icocn IqSpX ZpKhpw
temI n hnhn[ tcmK fp mbn Pohn
Iv ]oUbpmIpXpsImp ]m]w
\nv Inpw.
tafIfnepw apw ZpKw hnv hnjq
NnIbpw apw ]Sp]nSnv PohnI ZpxJn
p p. ZpKw Ipd bpw tXmdpw tcmKhpw
Ipdbpw. PohnIv ]oUIpdbpw. AXn\m
IqSpX ZpKw hannp \n A]
cm[nIfpw hmbvaqSmsX, ]ptXpIbpw Ipfn
p Ibpw ap e p Ibpw apw sNp h
\ntfm \hcpamWv. AyPcpsS ZpK
hp ambn kl h kn p Xn \n Ip
\nevpXv hfsc \XmWv. klhknp
h cpsS _pn ]hn {X ambncn p n . AXp
t]mse \n tfmSp kl h kn p h cpsS
_pnbpw hnp n . tcmKm [n Iyhpw
_pn lo \Xbpw Dm bm [am \p jv Sm \
n\v _m[IamIpw. AXpt]msebmhmw, ZpK
bpcmb \npw \ntfmSp klh
knphpw! ]p tXm \nfpsS
hmb AXyw ZpK ]qW am bn cn pw.
\n Bcp sS sb nepw kao ]tam Bsc
nepw \n fpsS ASptm hm \m a
msX aspmIpw! CXymZn.
tNmZyw: AS nv hon Fcn bv p
XobpsS NqSv shfnbnsNv A\yPohnIv
D]{Zhw sNmXpt]mse R hmbSv
sIn hmbphns\ XSv shfnbnep Pohn
Iv Ipdp ZpxJwam{Xw \evIpp. hmbSv
sIp XpsImv ]pd p Pohn Iv
]oU bp m Ip n . ap]n An Pz en p
tm ssI Sw sImv apJv A[nIw
NqtSpXv XSbmhpXmWtm. hmbphnse
PohI icocaphbmIbm Ahbvv \n
bambpw ]oUbpmIpw.
Dcw: \nfodbpXv _meniamWv.
AIs hmbp hn\v ]pd t hmbphpambn
kn Xp t]mse On{Z fn sn
AIta XosbcnbpIbn. Bsnepw AXv
{]Xy ambn ImW W sa n Nqf bn Xo
Inv AXns Zzmcsfmw ASpt\mp
I. Xo DSt\ sISpw. `qanbnse PohnIv
]pd ta bp hmbp hp ambn k an msX
Pohn p hm Ign bp I bn . AXp t]mse
Xobpw IpIbn. Hcp hip\npw An
bpsS thKw XSm adphipIqSn AXn
thKw Pzenpw ssI n sImv NqSp X S
m apJv A[nIw NqtS ev p I bn s
nepw ssInbn IqSpX NqSpXpw.
AXn\m \n ]dXp icnb.
tNmZyw: hen b h tcmSv sNdn b h sNhn
bn kwkmcnpXv hm s]mnsmmWv.
Xp sXdn m Xn cn p Xn\pw ZpKw
Adn bm Xn cn p Xn \pw thn bm Wv .
]pkvXIw hmbnptm Xp hoWv AXv
FnembntmIpw. GXmbmepw hmbSv sIp
Xv \XmWv.
Dcw: Pohcbvv hmbSpsIpXp
shdptXbmsWnXn\np hyamIpp.
henb BfpItfmSp sNhnbn kwkmcnp
tm hmbv ssIhbv pXv clkyw
Bcpw tImXncnpXn\mWv. ]ckyamb
Imcyw ]d bp tm Bcpw hmbv ssI
hbv m dn . clkyw ]d bm \m Wn sXp
hyw.
hmbv ssIs]mpXpsImv thsd
{]tbmP\fpw Dv. NnecpsS ap]nhv
clkyw ]dbptm hmbv ssIhbvm
]w hmbp]cpXpt]mse clkyhpw
]cpw. Fm cpt] Xn GIm
ambn kwkm cn p tm hmbv ssIh
bvmXv clkyw tIm amcpanm
XpsImmWv. henb hcpsS tZlv Xp
sXdn cp sX t bptm? sNdn b h cpsS
346
tZlv sXdnmtam? Xp hogpXn\nv
Hgnbm kmya. Zqsc\np kwkmcnmepw
hmbp hn eqsS Dan \o cns {Xk tc Wp
hym]npw. CXv tZmjamsbpXv A
XbmWv.
hmbnse NqSp sImv Pohn I acn p
satm Ahbvv ]oUbpmIpsatm ]d
bp]w, ao\w taSamknse kqcys
NqSpsImv hmbphnse H Pohnt]mepw acn
msX tijn p I bn . B NqSp sImpw
Poh acnn. Fsm Poh acnp
X. AXn\m \nfpsS Cu knmw I
amWv. \nfpsS XoYcm hnZzmmcmbn
cp s n Ccw s]m c ]d bp
ambncpn.
t\mq, Poh\v ]oUbpmIpXv AXns
{]hrn Ahbhfpambn _sncnp
tm gmWv . CXn\v {]amWw ""]m h bh
tbmKmXv kpJkwhnnx''
73
F kmwJykq
{XamWv. An{nbpw Ap hnjb
tfmSp _aptmgmWv kpJZpxJ
Poh\v A\p`qXamIpsXw. _[ncs\
`n p Xpw, As ap]n IpSn
ktam, ISphtbm `bsSpp ap Pohn
Itfm t]mIpXpw, ]o\k tcmKnsbsmv
aWnpXpw. kzmZdnbmhs\ cpNnnp
Xpw shdpsXbmWv. AXpt]msebmWv Pohn
I fpsS hyh bpw. t\mq! a\p jy Po h
kpjp]vXmhkvYbnembncnptm AXn\v
kpJtam ZpxJtam Adnbm Ignbpn. ico
cn\pn hnpsnepw _mlymh
bhtfmSv _w CmXpsImmWnXv.
sshZym AYhm A[p\nI tUmIv Sam
abpacpp sImSpv tcmKnsb ikv{X{Inb
sNptm Ahv thZ\ tXmmXp
t]mse hmbpImbPohnIpw mhcico
cap PohnIpw kpJZpxJfpmIpn
. aqnX\mb Pohn kpJZpxJ A\p`
hnmXpt]mse hmbpImbnsebpw ap
PohnI AXyw aqnXcmIbm kpJ
ZpxJ Adn bp n . ]ns s\ bmWv
Ahbv v ]oU bp m Ip sp ]d bp Xv ?
Ahbvv kpJZpxJfpsS {]m]vXntb {]Xy
amXncnt A\pam\mZnIpw {]kn
bn .
tNmZyw: Ah Pohmmfmbncns kpJ
ZpxJ FpsImv DmIpn?
Dcw: tIq ]mhw ktlm Zcm!
\n kpjp]vXnbnembncnptm kpJ
ZpxJ AdnbmsXmWv? kpJ ZpxJ
{]m ]v Xn bpsS tlXp "kw_ 'am sWv
{]knw. ikv{X{InbbpsS DZmlcWw. ]d
p htm. AXp t]mse AXn aqn X cmb
PohnIss\ kpJZpxJ DmIpw?
Ahbvv AhbpsS {]m]vXnpXIp km[
\sfmpw C.
tNmZyw: t\mq. R ]dnI, I
thcp I Ch sbmpw `n p n .
]dnIfn At\Ihpw, Iaqefn A\
hpw Pohmmfpv. Ah `nm B
Bmsf sImm\pw ]oUnnm\pw CS
bm hp Ibpw As\ R ]m]n I fm hp
Ibpw sNpw.
Dcw: CXp \nfpsS ISp Am
\ am Wv . ] dn I `n m Pohn Isf
sImpIbpw ]oUnnpIbpw sNm\nSbmIp
sav Fs\ hnizknpw? ]oUbpmIp
Xv {]Xyambn ImWmtam? ImWmsan
R tfbpw ImWn q. ImWmt\m ImWn
mt\m km[npIbnXs. {]Xya
sn A\pam\tam D]am\tam i_vZ{]am
Wtam Hcnepw _m[IamhpIbn. t\cs
]dph ImcyXs ChnsSbpw D
camWv. AXymImcn
74
almkpjp]vXn
bn, almaXbn Ignbp Pohmmhn\v
kpJZpxJ A\p`qXamIpsap ]dbp
Xn \nv \nncw bpnIfpw hnZym
hncpamb D]tZihpw \evInb XoYcm
cpsS AX shfnhmIppv. hoSv \inp
Fp ]dm AXn\pneph Fs\
\inmsX Alambncnpw? CXpt]mse
Ing p I \in p Xv \mw ImWp p.
Atm AXnse Pohm m \in p
73. 527
74. Akpcym \matX temIm At\ XakmhrXmx (bPq
40.3) AXakv almImcw BmC{nbhn
jb _cmlnXyw.
347
Ibnt? CXn \nv \nfpsS hmZw Hpw
IgnmXmsWp ImWmw.
tNmZyw: \n shw NqSmmsX IpSn
pXv alm]m]amWv. R NqSmntb
IpSnq. As\ \nfpw sNWw.
Dcw: CXpw acamWv. shw Xnf
nptm AXnse PohnIfpw Nmhpw. Ah
bpsS icochpw AXn InSpshv PocI
shw t]msebmIpw. B icocfpsS A
amWv \n IpSn p Xv . AXp sImv
\n alm]m]nIfmWv. ]shw IpSnp
hsc B tZmjw _m[npIbn. shw
hb n sNp tm gp m tb m hp
sNdpNqtSv kqvaPohnI aqnqSn ]pd
tp t]mtbmw. PeImb PohnIpw
ap]p ]dXpt]mse kpJZpxJ A\p
`q X am hp I bn . AXn \m CXp sImv
Bpw ]m]w DmhpItb C.
tNmZyw: hbnse NqtSp Pohm ]pd
pt]mIpwt]mse NqSmptmgpw t]mIpI
bnt?
Dcw: t]mIpIXs sNpw. Fm
\nfpsS hmZa\pkcnv hmbnse NqtSm
Pohm Nmhpw. NqSp]nSnnm Nmhpw. As
n Nnetm hfsc ]oUtbp ]pdtp
t]mtbpw. AhbpsS icocw shn
shptNcpw. CXpsImv \n IqSpX
]m]nIfmhpIbnt?
tNmZyw: R kzbw shw Xnfnp
Ibn. KrlmtcmSv shw Xnfnm
]dbpIbpan. AXn\m Rv ]m]an.
Dcw: \n NqSpshw hmpItbm
IpSnpItbm sNm]w Krlm
AsXn\p NqSmWw? AXn\m ]m]n\
hIminI \n Xspam{Xa. A[nI
]m ] n\pah Im in I Xs. GsX nepw
Hcmfnt\mSv shw Xmdmn hbvm ]d
m HcnSp am{Xta sNq. kzman GXp
ho n emWv hcp sXv Adn hn m Krl
AhchcpsS hoSpIfnsemw shw Xnf
npshbvpw. B ]m]n\v apJy AhIm
inI \n Xs.
IqSmsX IqSpX hndIpw apw Inp
IfbpXpsImv aps]gpXnbXpt]mse ]m
NIw, Irjn, hym]mcw apX embh sNbv Xv
IqSpX ]m]nIfmbnocpp. shw Xnf
n p hm apJy Im cW m c \n fmWv .
XWpXp IpSncpXv. XnfntX IpSnm
hq Fp]tZinpXpsImv \nfpw ]m]
n\v `mK`mpIfmWv. \n ]dbpX\p
kcnphcpw ]m]nIfmbnocpp.
t\mq! \n alm Am\n s]n
cnbt? sNdpIoStfmSp ZbImpI, A\y
aXsc \nnpIbpw D]Imcw sNmXncn
pIbpw sNbvI. Ch ]m]at? \nfpsS
XocmcpsS hmpI icnbmsWn
krjvSnbn Fn\mWn{Xbpw agbpw, \Zo{]
hmlfpw, Pecminbpw Cuizc krjvSn
Xv? kqcys\bpw krjvSncpXmbncpp. Ch
\nanw tImSm\ptImSn Poham \nfpsS
knm a \p k cnv acn Sn bp p mI Ww.
\n hniz kn p Cuiz c Zb hmbn
kqcys NqSpw taLns \ohpw Fp
sImv \nb {n p n? ap]v ]d Xp
t]mse {]hrnsbmpw sNmsX Iaqem
ZnIfn hnp Pohamv kpJZpxJ
sfmpw DmIm ]mSn. Fmbvt]mgpw
Fm Pohmcnepw ZbhpImpXpw ZpxJIm
cWambncnpw. Fsm \nfpsS aXa
\pkcnv Fmhcpw a\pjycmhpIbpw I
mpw sImmpw Bcpw in\evIm
XncnpIbpamsWn F{X henb ]m]amWv
Dm Im hp Xv ! AXn \m Zpjv S mv
tbmPn in \evIpXnepw t{ijvTmsc
]cn]menpXnepamWv Zb. CXn\p hn]co
Xambn sNp ]w Zba FnhbpsS
cq]nep [aw \inpXmbncnpw.
F{Xtbm ssP\nI IhSw \SpIbpw,
AXn Iw ]d bp Ibpw, ]c [\w Ih cp
Ibpw, Zo\sc NqjWw sNp I bpw ap
ZpjvIa sNpp! Ahsb \nhmcWw
sNpXn\v FpsImv D]tZiw \ev Ip
n? hmbvaqSn sIpI XpSnb XnpIfn
am{Xw s]p IgnbpsXn\v?
\n injy am scbpw injy I sfbpw
kzoIcnptm tIiep\w. hfsc\m
D]hmkw apXembh sNnv hfsc ]oUnn
pnt? ]oUI Gphmn, BlXy
AYhm Bt{Zmlw sNphcmb \n
348
FpsImv lnwkIcmIpn?
B\, IpXnc, HIw, Imf apXembhsb
khmcnp]tbmKnpXpw a\pjysc Iqen
Wnp \ntbmKnpXpw ]m]amsbm
sXpsImv? \nfpsS injym hfsm
Sn Imcysf kXyamm Ignhnmh
cmsWn \nfpsS Xocmpw Ign
hn .
\n IYm {] h N \ \S p tm
t{imXmfmbn hcph \nanw \nfpsS
aXa\pkcnv hgnbn ]e Pohmcpw acnt
mw. CXpsImv \n Cu ]m]ns
apJy Imc W m cm hp I bnt? C{Xbpw ]d
p Xn\nv Pe, e, hmbp fnse
mhc icocnIfmb AXyw aqnXcmb
Pohmv ZpxJtam kpJtam Hcnepw
DmIpn Fp a\nembtm.
XoYcmcpsS icochpw Bbppw.
ssP\n I fpsS GXm\pw Akw `hy IY
IIqSn FgpXmw. tIWw Fp am{Xa
, \psS Hcp amdv aqcamdns "[\pjv '
BsWpw HmWw. Imebfhv t\ct
FgpXnbppXpamWv
75
.
cXv \ kmcw Hmw`mKw hiw 166 167
Cs\ FgpXnbnpXpamWv
75.
XoYcs t]cv ico c h enw Bbpkv
([\pjv) ]qhhjw
76
1. Ej`tZh 500 hjw 8400000
2. APnX\mY 450 7200000
3. kw`h\mY 400 6000000
4. A`n\ 350 5000000
5. kpaXn\mY 300 4000000
6. ]{]` 140 3000000
7. ]miz\mY 200 2000000
8. N{{]` 150 1000000
9. kphn[n\mY 100 200000
10. ioXe\mY 90 100000
11. t{ibmwk\mY 80 8400000
12. hmkp]qPykzman 70 7200000
13. hnae\mY 60 6000000
14. A\\mY 50 3000000
15. [a\mY 45 1000000
16. imn\mY 40 100000
17. Ip\mY 35 95000
18. Aac\mY 30 84000
19. ao\mY 25 55000
20. ap\nkphrX 20 30000
21. \an\mY 14 10000
22. t\an\mY 10 1000
23. ]miz\mY 9 100
24. almhockzman 7 100
kaoI: Cu Ccp]n\mep XoY
cmcmWv ssP\nIfpsS aXw \Smnb BNm
cy mcpw Kpcp mcpw. ssP\n I Chsc
Cuiz c m cmbn KWn p p. Ch scmw
tamw {]m]npht{X.
a\p jyv C{Xbpw hep Xmb ico chpw
Bbppw Dm Iptam Fp _pn am m
Nnnp t\ms. Cu `qan bn C{Xbpw
henb, IpdmfpIt ]mm\mhq. ssP\n
Isf A\pIcnv ]pcmWm Hcp ew, ]Xn
\mbncw, Hcmbncw hoXw hjw Bbpv k
ev]npXpw Akw`hyambncnt, ssP\nI
fpsS {]kvXmhw Fs\ icnbmIpw.
C\nbpw tIq. Iev]`mjyw 4mw hiv
ImWmw. ""\mKtIX {Kmans hepap
Iv hncen s]mn. Iev]`mjyw t]Pv 35a
lm ho c s]cp hn csImv `q an sb
Aanbtm tij\mKw hndpt]mbn! Sn.
hiw 46 alm ho cs\ kw ISn p .
tNmcbv p ]Icw ]mev ]pd p h p. B
kw Fmw kzn t]mbn. Sn. hiw 47
a lm ho cs Imen ]mbkw hp. Imev
s]mn bn . Sn. hiw 16 sN dn sbmcp ]m{X
n HIs Ibn Ccpn. cXv\kmcw
1mw `mKw hiw 14 icocnse Agpp If
75. t]Pv 659.
76. t]Pv 659 t\mpI
349
bcpXv, sNmdnbcpXv. hnthIkmcw 1mw `mKw
hiw 15Zakmc F kw\ymkn {Ip\mbn
DtZz K P \I kq{Xw P]nbpw \K c n\p
Xo]n Sn n bpw sNbv Xp. Ctlw alm ho c
XoYcs CjvS`mP\ambncpp. hnthI
kmcw `mKw 1hiw 127 ""cmPmhns B
\nbambpw A\pkcnWw.'' Sn hiw 227
tImi sb thiy Xfn I bn ISpIv
Iqmcw Iqn, AXn\p apIfn,, ]qfm
aqSnb kqNnI \nn AXnt \rw
sNbv Xp. Imen kqNn sIm n . ISp In
Iqmcw NnXdnbpan!! XzhnthIw hiw
228 ""Cu tImim th iy tbm sSmv Hcp
kvXqeap\n ]{phjw t`mKw sNbvXp. 1
hiw 186 Hcp kns Igpn AWnn
cp Xqhme Hcp IhSmc\v Znhkhpw 500
\mWbw hoXw \evIntmp. hnthIkmcw:
1mw `mKw hiw 228_ehm\mb ]pcpjs
B, tZhm , tLmc h \ n Ijv S
sp ]mpI, Kpcp, amXm]nXm, Ipe
Kpcp _pP\w, [tam]tZjvSmhv Fnh
FXnpI Fo AhIfn [a\yq\X
Dmbmepw [alm\n kw`hnpn.''
kaoI: ChcpsS Cu IYI
tItm? 1. Hcp a\pjy\v {Kmans hep
ap Iv hncen Xqm Ftmsgnepw
Ignbptam? 2. `qanbn s]cphnc Aan
bm, `qan A\ptam? ]ns, Cm tij
\mKw hnd bv p sX s\? 3. icocw apdn
m ]mephcpXv Bcm\pw Inptm?
C{Pmew Xs! Atls ISn kw
kzKpw almmhmb {ioIrjvW\pw apw
aqmw \cInepw t]mbt{X! F{X _meni
Pev]\w! 4. almhocs Imen ]mbkw
]mIwsNbvXm Imeps]mmXncnpsX
s\? 5. sNdnb]m{Xn HIw Fs\
Ibdpw? 6. icocnse AgppIfbpIbpw
sNmdnbpIbpw sNmh ZpKcq]nbmb
alm\cIw A\p`hnppmIpw! 7. \Kcw
XoIn kw\ymknbpsS Zbbpw abpw
Fhn sS tm bn ? alm ho cs kwkKw
sImpw Abm ]hn {Xm m hm bn s n,
Atlw acnXn\ptijw B{ibnphcpw
]hn {X c cm Ip I bn . 8. cmPm hns B
A\pkcnWw. ]t ssP\ hWnpIfm
Ibmet{X cmPmhns\ `bsv Cs\ FgpXn
hXv. 9 tImimthiybpsS icocw F{X emL
h ap Xm bmepw ISp Ip Iq m c n kqNn
\mn \rw sNbvXm kqNnsImmsXbpw
ISpIv CfImsXbpw Ccnn. alm IamWv
B ]dXv. 10 Hcmpw Hchbnepw icn
[aw shSnbmhpX. 11 Xqhme XpWnbm
Wv . AsX s\ 500 \mWbw sImSppw?
Cs\ ChcpsS \Sm IYIsfgpXnb
tm ssP\cpsS ]pkvXIspt]mse hfsc
hepapXmbnocpw. AXpsImv A[nIw
FgpXpn. AXmbXv ChcpsS {Kfn
Aev]samgnsI, asmw IYI am{X
amWv. t\mpI:
tZmkkn tZmc hn ]Vta. ZpKpWm eh
Wmwan [mbCkwtU hmck kkn hmck
chn. Xan Cw \nZn kkn chntWm XnKpWm
]pn e Pbm AW cm W cw anJn an
Imtem G _bmem _nkcn ]pkvIc Zzwan
({]ImcW `mKw 4, kw{KlWokq{Xw 77
78)
ew tbmP\ \mep ew tImiw
hnkvXrXamb Pw_pZzo]ns\n FgpXn.
Hmas Zzo]v AXmWv. CXn cp N{
mcpw cp kqcy m cp ap v . AXp t]mse
ehW kap{Zn Ccn \mephoXamWv
kqcyN{m [mXIo_n ]{p
hoXhpamWv. CXns aqncn apnbmdm
Wv. AXnt\mSv Pw_pZzo]ns cpw ehW
kap{Zns \mepw Iqn 42 hoXw kqcytXm
N{m ImtemZ[nSen Dv.
CXpt]mse ASpSp Zzo]pIfnepw IS
epIfnepw B \mev]ncns aqncnbmb
\qncp]nbmdv hoXapv. AXn [mXIoJ
WvUn ]{v, ehWkap{Zn \mev,
Pw_pZzo]n cv Fnh Iqn \qn \mev]
n\mev hoXw kqcyN{m ]pjvIc Zzo]
n Dv . CXv a\p jy hm k ap ]IpXn
es IWmWv. a\pjy ]mmn
Sv hfsc kqcy N { m cp v . ]pjv Ic
Zzo]ns adp]IpXnbnse kqcyN{m \n
e cm Wv . Cu 144s aqn c n bmb 432 t\mSv
Pw_p Zzo ] nse Cucpw ehW kap {Z
nse \m epw, [mX Io J Wv U nse
]{ phoXhpw Imtem Z [ Xn bn se 42
350
hoXhpw kqcyN{msc Iqptm 492 hoXw
kqcy N { m ]pjv I c k ap {Z n ep v .
CsXmw {ioPn \ `{ZKWo am {ia W
"kwL bWn"bnepw tbmXn k I c Wv UI
]b' bnepw N{]Xn, kqc]Xn Fo
{]apJ knm{Kfnepw ]dnpXm
Wv.
kao I: `qan im kv {Xhpw tPymXn m
kv {Xhpw Adn bm hp h tIWw! Cu
`qtKm f n Hcp h iv 492 w adp h iv
AkwJyhpw kqcyN{m Dsv ssP\
hnizknpp. thZaXm\pbmbnIfmb \n
kqcyknmw apXemb tPmXnximkv{X{K
fpsS A[yb\w sImv icnbmb `qhm\
imkv{Xw {KlnXv \nfpsS `mKyw. As
n ssP\nIfpsS alm AImcaXn
s]v Pw apgph\pw Cmes ssP\nIsf
tmse Dgepambncpp. Cu Am\nI
IcpXnbXv henb Pw_pZzo]n Hcp kqcy\pw
N{\pw t]mscmWv. C{X henb `qansb ap
Xp \m gnIsImv kqcy N { m Npp sX
s\? `qan ChcpsS A`n{]mbn kqcy
t\m hepXmWv. Chp ]nb Ghpw
henb sXv CXmWv.
tZmkkntZmchn ]wXn GKcnbm Ok
TnkwJmbm tacpw ]bmlnWwXm amWpk
Jnt ]cnAUwXn ({]IcW `mKw 4kw
{KlWokq{Xw 79)
AYw: a\pjytemIn kqcyN{m
cpsS ]Mv nbpsS kwJy ]dbpp: cp
N{mcpw cpkqcymcpw tNXv ]Mvn
(t{iWn)bmWv. Ah Hmtcmew tbmP\,
AXm bXv \mep ew tImiw AI e n
\pn kcnpp. Hcp kqcy]MvXnp
n Hcp N{]Mvn, Hcp N{]Mvnbn
Hcp kq cy ]Mv n Fn s\ \mep
]MvnIfpv. Hmtcm N{]Mvnbnepw 66
N{mcpw Hmtcm kqcy]Mvnbnepw 66 kqcy
mcpw Dv. Cu \mep]Mvnbnepw Pw_pZzo
]nse tacp ]hXns\ {]ZnWw hv
a\pjy t{Xn {àWw sNpp. AXm
bXv Pw_p Zzo ] nse tacp hn\nv Hcp
kqcy sXtmp kcnptm asmcp
kqcy hStmv kcnpp. AXpt]mse
eh W k ap {Z nepw Hmtc Znn tev Cu
csw kcnpp. AXpt]mse 66 kqcy
m sXtmpw 66 kqcym hS tmpw
AXmXns {Ian Ncnp N{msc
Iqnbm 132w AXpt]mse 66 hoXw Ccph
i tpw Ncn p N{ msc Iqn bm
132w a\ jy tem I n Ncn p pv .
Cs\ N{ m scm sSmw \ { X
]MvnIfpw HtsdbpsdnbWw.
kaoI: t\mq ktlmZcm! Cu `qan
bn 132 kqcymcpw 132 N{mcpw ssP\
cpsS hoSpIfn {]Imiw sNmcnbppmhmw.
Fneh Fs\ IgnpIqSpw? cm{Xnbn
XWpv hndbvppmhpw. Ccw Akw
`h Imcyfn `qan imkv{Xhpw tPmXnim
kv {Xhpw Adn bmbmfp I s]p t]m tb
mw. amcpw s]SpIbn. Hcp kqcy Cu `qan
tbtmse at\Iw `qtKmfsf {]Iminn
psancns, Cu sNdnb `qanbpsS IYsb
p]dbm! AXpt]mse, `qan IdmXncn
pIbpw kqcy `qansb {àWw sNpIbp
am sW n Zn\ cm {X hj tfmfw
\op\nevphbmIpw. kptacp, lnameb
amsX asm. AXv kqcys apn, IpS
ns kao]w ISpIpaWnsbXpt]msebp
an. Cmcysfmw ssP\ AhcpsS aX
n XpScpthmfw {KlnpIbn. kZm A
Imcn IgnpIqSpItb Dq.
kaNcW klnbmkw temKw ^ptk
\nchtkkw kb N DZk`mG ]wNb
kpbtZkhncCu G. ({]IcW `mKw 4
kw{KlWokq{Xw 135)
AYw: kayIv Nmcn{XytmSpIqSnb tIh
enI, tIhe kapZvLmXmhbn ]Xn
mev temI cm Py fnepw kzw B {]
tZiw cNnv kcnpp.
kaoI: ssP\nI 14 cmPyfwKo
Icnpp. AXn 14matXns apIfn
khmY kn n tKm ]p c ns sImSn bv pw
apIfn IpdpZqscbp kninebvpw
Znhym Im i n\pw inh ]p c sap ]d bp p.
tIhenI, AYhm tIhem\hpw kh
Xbpw ]qW]hn{XXbpw e`nh B
temIp t]mIpp. kzw B{]tZi
m Ah khcmbn hnpp.
351
"{]tZiw' DXv hn`p khhym]n A.
hn`phmh khtcm tIhem\n
Itfm BhpIbn. GItZinbmb Bmhv
t]mIp Ibpw hcn Ibpw _\pw ap\pw
m\nbpw Am\nbpw Bbncnpw. kh
hym]nbmb kh Hcnepw As\
b.
ssP\n I fpsS XoYc Pohcq]nIfpw
Aev]cpw Aev]cpambn nXnsNbvXncp
p. Ah khhym]I khcmhpItb
C. Fm A\mZnbpw A\\pw kh
hym]I\pw kh\pw ]hn{X\pw m\
kzcq]nbpamb ]cammhns\ ssP\ AwKo
I cn p n . AXnam {Xta kh mZn
KpW bYmXYambn tNcpIbpp.
K_v `\ cXn Xn] enbm Du. XnKmDu
Dtmk tX P ltWw. apna Zplmhn
Aaplp. AwKpe AkwJ `mKXWq (2.41)
AYw: ChnsS a\pjy cpXcapv. Hv
K`P. atXv AmsXbpmbh. K`P a\p
jy cpsS Bbpv aqv ]tezm ]a Imehpw
icocw aqp tImihpapv.
kao: aqp ]tezm]aImew Bbppw
aqp tImiw henb icochpap hfsc Ipdp
a\pjyt Cu `qanbn ]mm\mhq. aqp
]tezm ] a Imew hsc Pohn p Ch cpsS
afpw aqp tImiw henaphcmbncn
Ww. C s\ bp cp t]v t_mwt_
\Kcnepw aqtm \mtem t]v Iev
bnepw hknm Igntpw. Cs\
bmsWn Nne \Kcfn eWn\p
a\pjycpssgpXnbncnp ssP\\Kcw
F{Xew tImiw hepapXmbncnWw!
temI n semw IqSn Acw Hcp \Kcw
Dmhm km[yXbn.
]Wbm ecItPmbW hncIw`m knn
kneênl hnaem, XZphcn KtPmbWw tX
temKwtXm XknTnCu (258)
Aw: khmY knntKm]pcns
[zPn\p]cn ]{ptbmP\bp knin
ebmWv. AXv hoXnbnepw \ofnepw Dbc
nepw 45 ew tbmP\ hep Xm Wv . CXv
Fmw shfpshfp kphWamb kv^SnI
n\pXpeyw \naeamb kninebpsS kn
`qanbmWv . CXns\ Nne CujXv , {]mKv `c
Fp ] d bp p. Cu khmY kn ine
tKm]pc (hn am \w)n \nv ]{p
tbmP\ Zqcw AZriyamWv. AXv tIhenIfmb
_lp{ipXp am{Xadnbmhp ]camYam
Wv.
Cu knine khmYa[y`mKn Fp
tbmP\ hapXmWv. AhnsS \nv \mep
ZniIfnepw \mev D]ZniIfnepambn Ipdv
Ipdv Cu n d Ip t]mse I\w Ipdv
\nh IpSbpsS BIrXnbnemWv knine
m]n n cn p Xv . B ine bv p ]cn Hcp
tbmP \ Zqc n temIm ap v . Ahn sS
bmWv knm nXnsNpXv.
kaoI: ssP\nIfpsS apnm\
amb khmYknntKm]pcns sImSnp
apI fnse 45 tbmP \ bp ine F{Xbpw
\Xpw \naehpamIs, AXn hknp
apPohm HcpXcn _cmWv. Fs
m B inebvp ]pdpt]mbm apn
bpsS kpJn \np hnpt]mIpw. AIp
hmIs, Impt]mepw InpIbn. CXp
shdpw kev]hpw Adnhnmhsc abm
sImpXpw am{Xat FmtemNnpI.
tPmbW klalnbw. FKnwZnbtZl
ap tm kw.
hn Xn NDcn w Zn k kco bw. hmck
tbmPWw XntImk ND tIm kw. tPmbW
klk]Wnw Znb. Dtl hpwX hntkkw
Xp. ({]IcW `mKw 4 kw{KlWo kq{Xw
266267)
AYw: kmamt\y\ Hcn{nbw am{Xap
Pohn Iv Hcm bncw tbmP \ bp icocw
DXvIrjvSamWv. cn{nbfp iwJn\pw
apw ]{p tbmP\bpw aqn{nbfp
Ddpn\pw ]pgphn\pw apw aqp tImihpw
\men{nbfp hn\pw apw \meptIm
ihpw ]t {n b fp hbv v \mem bncw
tImihpw icocaphbmbn AdnbWw.
kao I: \mep kl{kw tImiw
hepap icoctmSpIqSnb GXm\pw iXw
BfpIsfsmv Cu `qtemIw \ndp Ipan
bpw. Bpw \Sm t]mepw ew tijn
pIbn. ]nshnsS ]mpsapw hgn\S
psapw ssP\nItfmSptNmZnWw. ssP\
cpsS hon Chsb ]mnpsap \app
352
\nbn mw. Fm \mem bncw tImiw
henb ico c ap hv ]mm Hcmv
ap n c m bncw hen ap hoSp th Ww.
C{Xbpw henb hoSpshbvm ssP\nIfpsS
Fm ]Whpw sNehgnWw. Fmepw hoSp
]qnbmhpIbnh. Fmbncw tImiw \of
ap an\v XSn FhnsS \nmWmthm InpI!
AXn\p XqWv \mngnm AIpI
bdphm\pw IqSnIgnbpIbn. Ccw Imcy
sfms s]mfnbmWv.
tX Yqem ]t hnlpkwJnmtN hlpw
Xnkthn. tX Cn AkwtJ. klpta
Jt ]Itl. ({]IcW`mKw 4 eLp
t{X kamk{]IcWw. kq{Xw4)
Aw: ap]p ]d HcwKpew tcma
ns IjW sIm v \mep tImiw
hnkvXohpw A{Xbpw Bghpw D InW
\ndbvWw. AwKpe hepap tcmaJWvU
sfmw IqSn Ccp]Xpen Fgp]o
cm bn cn Hcp qn sXmqn cv Fw
hcpw. Gdnbm 330762104 2465625 4219960
9753600,0000000 apnaqp tImSntImSn, Ggp
en Adp]ocmbncn Hcp\qn\mev
tImSntImSn, Ccp]n\mepen Adp]
m bn cn Adp \q n ap] v , tImSn
tImSn, \mev]ncp en ]smXn
\mbncn sXmmbncn Adp]Xv, tImSn
tImSn sXmqtgp en An aqhm
bncn Adp\qdv, tImSntImSn L\tbmP\
]teym ] a nse qe tcma L fpsS
FamWv. CXpw kwJymXImeamWv. app
]d tcma J Wv U fpsS Akw JymX
JWvUw a\kn kev]nm AkwJymX
kqjvatcmamWphmIpw.
kaoI: t\mq! ChcpsS Fns
coXn! HcwKpew tcmas F{X IjWamn!
CsXnXom Ignbptam? Fnv a\
n AkwJyw JWvU kev]npp.
ap]p ]dh ssIsImv Fno
XmsWp \nWbnmw! ssIsImmImbvI
bm a\psImsn! HcwKpew tcmans\
C{Xbpw IjWfmm IgnbpXmtWm?
Pw_pZzo]]amWw KpetPmbWceI h
hncIwò. ehWmCubmtkkm. _ebm`m
ZpKpW ZpKpWmb. ({]IcW `mKw 4 eLp
t{X kq{Xw. 12)
Aw: Hmas Pw_pZzo]pw ew
tbm P\ hnkv Xmc apv . AIw s]m bmWv .
_mnbp ehWmZn k]vXkap{Zfnse
GgpZzo]pI Pw_pZzo]ns CcnbncnhoXw
hep ap h bm Wv . Cusbmcp ]rYzn bn
Pw_pZzo]w XpSnb GgpZzo]pIfpw Ggpk
ap{Zfpw Dv.
kao I: Pw_p Zzo ]n t\ m Cc n
bmWv cmatsXn cpew tbmP\,
aqmatXv \mepew, \mematXv Fp
ew, AmatXv ]Xn\mdpew Bdma
tXv apncpew GgmatXv Adp
]n\mev Fns\ hepw hcnIbpw kap
{Zfpw Cs\ {Ian hepXmbncnbpw
sNbvXm ]Xn\mbncwtImiw ]cn[nbp
`qan CsXs\ sImpw? CsXmw ips]m
fnbmWv.
Ipcp \C Npe ko k lkm Ot h c \
CuD ]C hnPbw tZmtZm alm \CuD ND
Zk klkmD ]tbw. ({]IcW `mKw 4
eLpt{Xkam kq{Xw 63)
kwx Aw: Ipcpt{Xn F]
n\membncw \ZnIfpv.
kaoI: Ipcpt{Xw sNdnsbmcp {]tZ
iamWv. AXp ImWmsX Cu Iw FgpXnh
bvphm Chp etXmnbntm.
Pmap cmD XmD CtKK knwlm kWm
BC]pw, NDkhn Xmkp \nbmkW Znkn
`hPnW aWw tlmC. ({]IcWcXv\mI
cw `mKw 4. eLpt{X kamk{]IcWw
kq{Xw 119)
AYw: B inebpsS hntijw sXpw
hSpw Hmtcm knwlmk\w DsXmWv .
sXv AXn]mWvUpInfn, hSv AXnc
Infn Fns\bmWv B ineIfpsS t]cv,
AXnt Xocm Ccnpp.
kaoI: ChcpsS XocmcpsS
P Zn hkw sImm Sp Xn \p inem ]o T
t\mq. ChcpsS apnbnse knin
ebpw CcamWv. Cs\ s]mfnI ]eXpw
Ch FgpXnIqnbnpv. F{Xbpsaphm
sWgpXpI! Fm Pew Acnp IpSnpI.
kqvaPohItfmSv ZbImpI, cm{Xnbn `n
353
mXncnpI Fo aqpImcy \Xp
Xs, _mnsbmw Akw`hyfmWv.
C{ Xbp w Fgp Xn bXn \n v _p n
amamv hfsc { Kln mw. Zrjv Sm
n\pam{Xw C{Xbpw FgpXnbXmWv. Ch
cpsS Akw`hImcysfmw FgpXnbm Hcp
]pcpjmbppsImpt]mepw hmbnp XocpI
bn. AXn\m ]m{Xnse Htmctm
tNmsdSpp sRn thhp t\m p Xp
t]mse, kzev]w FgpXnbXphmbnv k\
v hfsc {Klnm Ignbpw. A[nIw
Fgp tXImcy an . hnl K ho W n
\nv ]qWamb Bibw _pnamamp
e`npw.
C\n {InkvXpaXsn FgpXmw
{ioabm\kckzXokzmanI cNn
kXym{]Iminse,
\mkvXnI aXfmb NmhmI
_u ssP\aXfpsS
JWvU\aWvU\w sNp
]{mw kapmkw Ignp.
A\p`qanI aqv
ss__naXsap ]dbptm {InkvXp
a X sap am{X a {Kln t Xv . blq Z a
Xhpwapw CXn CSs]Spw
1
.1 Cu 13mw kap
m k n {Inkv Xp a X hn j b sa gp Xp Xv
Cm ev ss__n aX m cn apJy
{Inkv Xym \n I fmb Xp sImmWv . blq Zcpw
apw apJy c . apJy am bXp {Kln m
KuWhpw {Klnmw. As\ blqZaXIm
cyhpw Adnbm\mIpw.
blqZcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw apw hnizkn
p ss__nfn\np am{XamWv Chsc
nbp Imcy ChnsS FgpXpXv. Cu
]pkvXIs Ch kzw [aImcWambn
IcpXpp. ChcpsS aXmcmb henb ]mXn
cnam Cu {Kns hnhn[ XaI
sNbv Xn p v . Ah bn tZh \m Kn cnbnepw
kwkvIrXnepap
2
XaI t\mn
btm F\nv ]e kwibfpw Dmbn.
Ahbn NneXpam{XamWv Cu ]Xnaqmw
kap m k n hnZzm m cpsS ]cn K W \
bvmbn FgpXnbnpXv.
Cu teJ\w kXy ns hrnbv pw
AkXyns {Kmkn\pamsX Bscbpw
ZpxJnnmt\m, Zpjnmt\m, anYymtZmjw
Btcm]npXnt\m A. Cu ]pkv XIw
Fspw ChcpsS aXsaspw Fmhcpw
AdnbpXn\pthnbmWv Cu teJ\sagp
XpXv.
a\pjyklPamb ImgvN, tIhn, Fgpv
Fn h bn eqsS ] {] Xn ] N
sNbvXv {InkvXpaXns XmcXay ]T\w
\S p I bmWv Cu teJ \ ns {]tbm
P\w. IqSmsX a\pjycpsS [ahnjbIamb
Adnhp hnv bYm tbmKyw kXym k Xy
fpw IhymIhyfpw \nWbnv
kXyw, Ihyw Fnhsb kzoIcnm\pw
AkXyw, AIhyw Fnhsb shSnbm
\pw CXv ]ct{]cWIqSmsX klmbnpw.
FmhcptSbpw aXhnjbIamb ]pkvXI
sfn Ghcpw a\nempIbpw A\pIq
etam {]XnIqetam Bbn Fsnepw ]d
bpItbm FgpXpItbm sNpIbpw thWw.
Asn tIWw. ]TnpXpsImv
]WvUnX\mIpw t]mse tIpXpsImv
_lp{ipX\mIpw. t{imXmhn\v asmcmsf ]Tn
nm IgnbpIbnsnepw kzbw ]Tnm
\mIpatm. Hcp ]w tNcph\v Xstbm
A\ycptStbm KpWtZmj Adnbm\mhp
Ibn.
a\pjymmhn\v kXymkXy\nWbn
\p kamYyapv. XtXv F{XIv ]Tn
p Itbm tIp Itbm sNbv Xn ptm
A{Xbpw \n bn p d n mw. AXp t]mse
XsbmWv ]caXsfnbp ]T\hpw.
]c aXw Adn bmsX kwhmZw km[y a .
Am\nbmbncpm A_n IpS
pIbpw sNpw. Cs\ kw`hnmXncnp
Xn\mWv Cu {Kn {]Nmcap Fm
aXsfbpw ]n Aev]amsbnepw FgpXp
Xv. CXn\nv tijn hnjbsfn
t\tcm Itam Fv A\pam\nm\pamhpw.
khkmam\ykXy FhnsSbpw Hcpt]m
sebmWv. AkXyhnjb am{Xta hnhm
Zm kv ] Z am hp I bp q. hmZn {] Xn hm Zn I
kXymkXy \nWbnpXn\v hmZ{]
XnhmZw sNm Xobmbpw Xocpam\apm
Ipw.
C\n Rm Cu 13 mw kap m k n
{Inkv XpaXkw_nbmbn Aev ]w FgpXn
Fm h cp sSbpw apmsI kan p p.
Fs\bpsv NnnpI.
hnNWmtcmtSsdsbp ]dbm!
1. ss__nfnse ]gb \nbaamWv blqZmcpsS {]mam
WnI {Kw.
2 \oeIWvTimkv{Xn Fbm {InkvXpaXw kzoIcnv
ss__nfn\v kwkvIrX ]cn`mj FgpXnbnpv.
355
kXym{]Imiw ]Xnaqmw kapmkw
C\n Fgp XpXv {In kv Xym \n I fpsS
aXsnbmWv. ChcpsS aXw \ntmjhpw
ss__n CuizcIrXhpamtWm Fv CXn
\nv Ghpw a\ n emmw. Hm aXv
ss__nfnse ]gb \nbasn FgpXmw.
Dn ]pkvXIw
1. BZnbn ssZhw BImihpw `qanbpw krjvSnp.
`qan ]mgmbpw
3
iq\yambpw Ccpp. BgnosX Ccp
Dmbncpp, ssZhns Bmhv shnosX
]cnhnpsImncpp
4
. (1.12)
kaoI: "BZn' FphmsemWv?
{InkvXym\n: krjvSnbpsS BZys DXv]
n.
kao: CXmtWm BZykrjvSn? CXn\p apv
krjvSn Dmbnnt?
{In: Dmtbm Ctbm Fv Rdn
hn. ssZhn\dnbmw.
kao: Adnbm hsn Fn\o ]pkvX
In hnizknpp? kwib\nhmcWn
\pXIm CXns\ hnizknv BfpItfmSp]
tZiw sNbvXv Cu kwib]qamb aXn
Fn\v Ahsc s]Sp pp? \n tlw,
Fm kwibfpw \nhmcWw sNp thZ
aXw kzoI cn msXmWv ? Cuiz cs
krjv Sn hr mw Adn bmsX Cuiz cs\
Fs\ Adnbpw? BImiw Fp h m se
mWv?
{In: Xpdmb apI`mKw.
kao: XpdmbXns Dev]n Fs\?
Fs m AXv kh hym ]nbpw AXn kq
vahpw apIfnepw Xmsgbpw Hcpt]msebpam
Wv. BImiw krjvSnpXn\v ap]v iq\y
13
]Xnaqmw kapmkw
kXym{]Imiw
{InkvXpaX hnjbw
C\n {InkvXpaX hnjbw hymJym\nmw
3. Cu ss__n hmIy ss__n skmsskn
Hm^v CybpsS 1974 se ]Xnn \nmWv FSp
npXv. ss__nfns XaIfnse `mj amm
dpv. aebmfnepw kn.B.F. skmsskn 1983
ss__n fns ]pXn sbmcp XPpa {]km [\w
sNbvXnpv.
4. tamisb an{kbnw tZip\np ]pdmn. AXn\p
ap]v AhnsS thZfmWv {]NcnncpXv. an{i
CuPn]v Xv tZinse hnZzmmpw alZWv Uw B]x
bn Kanncpsv Adnbmambncpp. iX]Y{_m
Wn 11.1. 6.1.2 B]bn lncmWymWvUw
]cn]Xyh\w sNbv XncpspImWmw. Cu ipVamb
imkv {Xob XXz a dn bmsX ss__n fn lnc Wym
WvUs ssZhsap ]dncnpIbmWv. sshZnI
hnNmc[mcbpsS Ienadn aSamWv ss__n.
5. BIrXnbnmXpw iq\yhpambncpp F X
abpw Aimkv{Xobat{X. BIrXnbnmXp iq\y
amIWsan. iq\yn\v BIrXn DmhpIbn.
]noSv BIrXn Dmbtm t\ct iq\yX Cm
bncpsphcpw. iq\yX B AhmhntijamsW
n, BIrXnbnemIm {]IrXn Xz ]dbm
\mIm BIrXnbn Dmbncpsp knnpp.
Atm BIrXnbnmXpw iq\yhpsa {]tbmKw
A_amIpp.
356
Xbpw Xpdpw Cmbncptm? Cmbncps
n ssZhhpw krjvSnImcWhpw Pohmm
fpw FhnsS hknncpp? BImianmsX
Hcp hkvXphpw nXnsNpIbn. AXn\m
\nfpsS ss__n hmIyw bpa. Cu
izc\pw Cuizcob m\Iafpw ]mtgm
AmtXm?
{In: ]mgmXv
kao: Fn Cuizc\pmnb `qan ]mgm
sWv ChnsSns\gpXn?
{In: ]msgXn\v Dbpw XmWpw \nc
msX Xpdmbn InSpsXmWv Aw.
kao: ]nmcmWv \ncmnbXv? Ctmgpw
Dbbpw XmgvNbpw Ct? AXn\m Cuiz
cs {]hrn ]mg. Fsm Atlw
k\mIbm Hcnepw sXtm Iptam
]mfntbm DmhpIbn. IqSmsX Cuizc
krjv Sn ]mgm bn cp sv
5
Fgp Xn bn cn p
]pkv XIw Cuiz c Ir X am hp I bn . ssZh
ns Bmhv Fp ]ZmYamWv?
{In: tNX\w.
kao: AXv kmImctam \ncmImctam? hym]
Itam GItZiotbm?
{In: \ncmImcw, tNX\w, hym]Iw, Fm
GtXkn\mbn ]hXntem, \memw BIm
intem HsbmWv hntijm ]mv.
kao: \n cm Imc\msW n Bcm Wv
IXv ? hym] I am bXv Pen osX ]cn
hnpIbn. ssZhns Bmhv Pe
nosX ]cnhntm ssZhw FhnsS
bm bn cp m! ssZh ns icocw as hn
sStbm Bbncpsv CXn \p knnp
p. Asn Bmhns Hcp IjWs
PenosX ]cnhnnXmImw. hym]I
\mXn\v krjv Sn nXn{]fbfpw [mcW
]me \ fpw Pohs Iay hy h bpw
sNm Hcnepw km[npIbn. GItZin
bmtWm AXns KpWIakz`mhfpw GI
tZ in bm bn cn pw. A s\sbv ssZh a .
ssZhw khhym]I\pw, A\ KpWIakz
`mhbp\pw knZm\kzcq]\pw, \nXyip
_papkz`mhnbpw A\mZn A\w
apXemb eWfpXXpamWv, Fp thZ
n ]dbpp. AXn hnizknpI. \
bvp hgn AXp am{XamWv.
2. shfnw DmIs Fp ssZhw Iev]np. shfnw
Dmbn. shfnw \Xv Fp ssZhw Ip. (1.3.4)
kao: Cuiz c ]d Xv Poh \n m
shfnw tIp shtm? tIs n Cpw
kqcysbpw Zo]nsbpw AnbpsSbpw
{]Imiw Fsbpw \n fp sSbpw hmp
tImsXv? {]Imiw PUamWv. AXn\v
Bcp sSbpw hmp tIp hm Ign hn .
Cuizc shfns ItmgmtWm AXv
\XmsWdnXv? t\cs AdnpIq
Smbncptm? Adnbmambncpsn I
bpSs\, \Xv Fp ]dsXn\v? Adnhn
mbncpsn AXv Cuizct\b . AXn
\m \nfpsS ss__n Cuiztcmtam
AXnse Cuizc kht\m A.
3. ssZhw shfpsS at[y Hcp hnXm\w DmIs;
AXp shn\pw shn\pw Xn th]ncnhm
bncns Fp Iev]np. hnXm\w Dmov ssZhw
hnXm\n\p Iogp shhw hnXm\naosXbp
shhpw Xn th]n cn p. As\ kw` hn p.
ssZhw hnXm\n\v BImiw Fp t]cnp. kybm
bn. Djpambn: cmw Znhkw. (1.68)
kao: BImihpw shhpw ssZhw ]d
XptIpthm? shn BImiant?
Cs n Pew FhnsS nXn sNpw?
Hmas hmIyn BImis krjvSn
XmWv. ]noSv hnXm\neqsS BImis
krjvSnXv shdpsXbmWv. kzKsap ]d
BImiw krjvSnvXv shdpsXbmWv. kzK
sap ]d BImiw k hym ]n bm Wv .
AXn\m kh{X kzKambn. ]ns, apI
fn kzKamsWp ]dbpXv shdpsXbmbn,
kqcy Dm bn n m nXnv cmhpw
]Iepw Fs\ Dmbn? Cs\ \Sm
Imcy C\nbp hmIy \ndsb Dv.
4. Atm ssZhw: \mw \psS kzcq]n \psS
kmZriy{]Imcw a\pjys\ DmpI: Cs\ ssZhw
Xs kzcq]n a\pjys\ krjvSnp. BWpw s]p
ambn Ahsc krjvSnp. ssZhw Ahsc A\p{Klnp.
(1.26.28)
kao: BZans\ Cuizc Xs cq]n
krjvSnsn Cuizcs kzcq]amb ]hn
{XX m\ kz cq]w B\ abw apX emb
e W sm hw BZmw Fp
357
sImv Bbn? Bbnsn XZriamb
krjvSnXv. BZans\ krjvSntm Xs
Cuizc Xs kzcq]s DXv]nbpXm
n. ]ns A\nXy\mImsXs\? BZ
ans\ FhnsS \npmn?
{In: an\nv.
kao: ashnsS \npmn?
{In: kzw kmaYyn\nv.
kao: Cuizcs kmaYyw A\mZntbm
]pXnbtXm?
{In:A\mZnbmWv.
kao: A\m Zn bm sW n PK Xv Im cWw
k\mX\ambn. ]ns A`mhn \np `mhw
Dmsbv Fn\p ]dbpp?
{In: krjv Snp apv Cuiz c \ m sXmcp
hkvXphpw Cmbncpp.
kao: Cmbn cp s n Cu PKv
FhnsS \npmbn? Cuizcs kmaYyw
{Zhytam KpWtam? {ZhyamsWn Cuizc
\n\np `namsbmcp ]ZmYw Dmbncp
sp hcpp. KpWamsWn, KpWn
\nv {Zhyw Dm hp I bn . Cuiz c \n\n
mWv DmbsXn Cuizcs KpWIa
kz`mh Xpeyambn Ahbvv DmI
Ww. AXnmXpsImv Cuizc\n \np
mbXsp \nbnmw. Fm PKXvIm
cWamb ]camWp Fpwapw t]cp PUh
kvXphn \nmWpmbXv. thZmZnimkv{X
fn PK Zp Xv ]n Fgp Xn bn cn p Xp
t]mse, Cuizc PKns\ krjvSnp Fp
{KlnbmWv thXv. BZans AIcq]w
Poh\pw _mlycq]w a\pjykZrihpw BsW
n AXpt]msebt Cuizcs cq]hpw?
BZans\ Cuizccq]nemWv krjvSnsX
n Cuiz c BZ an s\ tm se X s bm bn
cnpw.
5. btlmhbmb ssZhw \nes s]mSnsImv a\pjys\
\nnnv Ahs aqn Pohizmkw DuXn, a\pjy
Poh\p tZlnbmbnop. A\cw btlmhbmb
ssZhw Ingv GsZ\n Hcp tXmw Dmn, Xm
krjvSn a\pjys\ AhnsS Bn. Imm `wKnbp
Xpw Xnm \ êapXpamb Hmtcmhrfpw
tXmns \Sphn Pohhrhpw \XnIsf Ipdn
p Adnhns hrhpw btlmhbmb ssZhw \nep
\np apfnp. (2.7 9)
kao: GZtXmw \nnv BZans\ IpSn
bncpnbtm Ahs\ AhnsS \np ]pd
m tn hcp sav ssZh n \ dn hn m bn
cptm? BZans\ apsImmWv Dmnb
sXn AXv ssZhns kzcq]w BIpn
. BIpsn Cuizc\pw apsImpm
sXmWv. Ahs aqn DuXnb izmkw
Cuizcs cq]tam thsd hXptam? thsd
bm sW n BZ n\v Cuiz cs cq] a .
Asn Cuizc\pw BZn\pw Htc cq]
amWv. As\bmsWn BZns\tmse
P\\w, acWw, hrn, bw, hniv Zmlw
Fnh Cuizc\pw DmIpw. ]ns AXv
Fs\ Cuizc\mIpw? AXn\m ]gb\n
banse Cu Imcyw icnbmsWp tXmp
n. AXv CuizcIrXhpa.
6. BIbm btlmhbmb ssZhw a\pjy\v Hcp KmV
\n{Z hcpn. Ah Ddnbtm Ahs hmcnsbp
Ifn HsSpv AXn\p ]Icw amwkw ]nSnnp. btlm
hbmb ssZhw a\pjy\n \nsSp hmcnsbns\
Hcp kv{Xobmn Ahsf a\pjys ASp sImp
hp. (2.21 22)
kao: BZ ns\ Cuiz c ap sIm
mWv DmnbsXn Ahs kv{Xosb
FpsImv am Dmnbn? kv{Xosb
Fn \npmnsb BZans\ Fp
sImv DmmXv FmWv? \c\n\n
p m b Xp sImv \mcn sbp t]cp h s
n \mcnbn\nv \cs\t]cpw DmI
Ww. Ah Xn ]ckv]ckvt\lhpw Dm
Ipw. kv{XotbmSv ]pcpj\v kvt\lapmIp
Xpt]mse ]pcpjt\mSv kv{XobvpapmIpw.
Adn hp htc Imep w! Cuiz cs
XzhnZy As n ^ntem k^n hnf p
Xv Fs\bpv? BZns Hcp hmcnsb
p sIm mWv kv {Xosb krjv Sn sX n
Fm ]pcpjamcpsSbpw Hmtcm hmcnsbv
IpdbmsXmWv? HhmcnsbpsImpm
nb kv{XobpsS icocn Hcp hmcnsbt
Dm Im hqXm\pw. temI ap m nb hkv Xp
sImv kv{Xoicocw Dmm hmbn
cptm? Cs\ ss__nfnse krjvSn{Iaw
krjvSnhnZybvp hncpamWv.
7. btlmhbmb ssZhw Dmnb Fm ImpPp
sfmfpw ]mv Iui e ta dn b Xm bn cp p. AXv
358
kv {XotbmSv : tXmnse bmsXmcp hrns êhpw
\n XncpsXv ssZhw hmkvXhambn Iev]nn
ptm Fv tNmZnp. kv{Xo ]mnt\mSv: tXmnse
hrfnse êw Rp Xnmw. Fm \n
acnmXncntXn\v tXmns \Sphnep hr
ns êw XncpXv, sXmSpIbpacpXv Fv ssZhw
Iev]nnpv Fp ]dp. ]mv kv{XotbmSv \n
acnbn. \nbw; AXp Xnp \mfn \nfpsS
Ip XpdpIbpw \XnIsf Adnbphcmbn ssZh
stmse BIpIbpw sNpw Fp ssZhw Adnbpp
Fp ]dp. B hrêw Xnm \Xpw ImWm
`wKnbpXpw m\w {]m]nm Imayhpw Fp kv {Xo
Iv êw ]dn p Xnp `m hn\pw sImSp p.
Ah\pw Xnp. DSs\ CcphcpsSbpw IpXpdp X
\scdnp. Anbne Iqnpn AcbmS Dm
n. (3.17)
btlmhbmb ssZhw ]mnt\mSp Iev]nXp: \o
CXp sNbvXXpsImv Fm ImparKfnepwhv \o
i]n s n cn p p. \o Dc kp sImpK anp \ns
BbpjvImesamsbpw s]mSnXnpw. Rm \n\pw
kv{Xobnpw \ns kXnpw AhfpsS kXnpw
Xn i{XpXzw Dmpw. Ah \ns Xe XIpw,
\o Ahs IpXnIm XIpw. kv{XotbmSp Iev]n
Xp; Rm \n\p IjvShpw K`[mcWhpw Ghpw
hnnpw. \o thZ\tbmsS asf {]khnpw. \ns
B{Klw \ns `mhnt\mSp BIpw. Ah \ns
`cnpw. a\pjyt\mSp Iev]ntXm: \o \ns `mcybpsS
hmp A\pkcnbpw XncpsXp Rm Iev]n
hrêw XnpIbpw sNbv XXpsImp \ns \nanw
`qan i]nsncnpp. \ns BbpjvImesambpw
\o IjvSXtbmsS AXn\np Atlmhrn Ignpw.
appw ]dmcbpw \n\v AXn\nv apsfpw hb
ense kkyw \n\v BlmcamIpw. (3.14 18)
kao: {InkvXym\nIfpsS Cuizc kh
\mbncpsn Cu Ipcpp_pnmc
\mb ]mns\ sNIp ms\ Fn\p
krjvSnp? krjvSnXpsImv B A]cm[
n\v DchmZn Cuizc\mWv. Fsm
ZpjvS\mbn krjvSnXpsImmWtm ZpjvSX
Imn b Xv . ]qh Pw AwKo I cn m
XpsImv , A] cm [ an msX AXns\ ]m]n
bmbn krjv Sn sX n\v ? hmkv Xhw ]d
m AXv kambncpn, a\pjy\mbn
cpp. a\pjy\mbncpsn a\pjycpsS
`mj Fs\ kwkmcnpw? I\mbn, ap
hsc In \Sphs\bmWv sNIp
m Fp ]dtbXv. ChnsS sNIpm
kXyhmZnbmWv . AXp sIm mWv kv {Xosb
IfnnmsX kXyw ]dXv. Cuizc BZ
ant\mSpw ltbmSpw, ]gw Xnm \n
acnpsav Iw ]dp. m\hpw Aac
Xzhpw \evIp B ]gw XnpXn\np
XSsXn\mWv? XSsn B Cuiz
c I\pw Ifn n ph\p am Wv . Fs
m B acns ]gw a\pjyv Adnhp
\ev Ip Xpw kpJw ]I cp Xp am bn cp p.
Am\hpw arXyphpw \evIpXmbncpn
. ]gw XncpsXv hnem\msWn B
acw Fn \p mn? X\n p th n bm sW
n Xm Am \nbpw ac W [an bp
amtWm? ams nepw thn bm sW n
Ah B ]gw XnpXn sXn. Fm
Cmev AdnhpXcpXpw acWanmXmp
Xpw Bb acsfmpw ImWm\n. Cuiz
c AXns hnpt]mepw \innpthm?
Ccw ImcysImv a\pjy h
Icpw ImcpamIpsan Cuizc\pw A
s\bmhpIbnt? Ifhpw h\bpw Imp
h Icpw hIcpamWtm. aqhtcbpw i]n
Xv, A]cm[w sNbvXXn\. As\ Cuiz
c A\ymbmc\pambn. Iw ]dXpw
IfnnXpw \nanw im]n\hImin Cuiz
c Bbn cp p. B"^ntem k^n' tInt?
thZ\bnmsX {]khw \Sptam? ]Wnsb
SpmsX Pohnm BpIgnbpw? BZyw
apa c fn m bn cptm? hb ense kkyw
AlmcamIpsap ]dXv icnbmsWn
amwkw Xnmsav ss__nfn ]noSv Fgp
XnbncnpXv Iat? Hp kXysan
atXp IamWv.
BZans ]m]sampw sXfnbpnsn,
a\pjy BZans afmbXpsImv ]m]n
IfmsWv Fn\p ]dbpp? Cu ]pkvX
Ihpw CXnse Cuiz c\pw _pn am mv
Fs\ kzoImcyamIpw?
8. btlmhbmb ssZhw: a\pjy \XnIsf Adn
bm Xhw \n Hcps\tmse Bbnon
cnpp. Ctm Ah ssI\on Pohhrns
êw IqsS ]dnpXnv Ftpw Pohnm kwKXn
hccpXv Fp Iev]np. Ahs\ FSpncp \nep
IrjnsNtXnp btlmhbmb ssZhw Ahs\
GZtXmn\np ]pdmn Cs\ Ah a\p
jys\ CdnIfp. Pohs hrntep hgn
Imm Ah GZtXmn\p Ingv sIcq_pIsf
XncnpsImncnp hmfns Pzmebpambn \nn.
(3.2224)
359
kao: m\n X\np Xpey\msb
Cujybpw {àhpw ssZh n\v Fs\
tXmntbm Bthm. CXv NomcyamtWm?
Cu iXssbn\v? Cu ssZhn\p Xpey
\mbn Bcpw Hcn epw Dm hp I bn . Cu
teJ\n\np sXfnbpXv AXv a\pjy
\mbncpp. Cuizc\ FmWv. ss__nfn
FhnsSsbnepw ssZhsn FgpXnbnp
sn AhnsSsbmw a\pjyXpey\mbmWv
Fgpv . BZ ns m\ h \ hn
ssZhw F{X ZpxJnX\msbp t\mq. Aar
X hr ns ]gw Xnp Xn F{X
Cujybpmbn. BZyta tXmn ]mn
tm IpSn bn d t n h cp sa `hn
jym\w Cm bn cp tm? As\
{InkvXym\nIfpsS Cuizc kh\s
p hcpp. Pzmebp hmfpambn sIcq_p
Isf Imh Gs Sp p Xv a\p jys
]WnbmWv, ssZhnsb.
9. Iptdmew Ignnp Ibo \nes A\p`h
n\np btlmshp Hcp hgn]mSp sImphp.
lmt_epw BnIq nse ISn q ep I fn\n v
AhbpsS taZn \np Xs Hcp hgn]mSp sImp
hp. btlmh lms_enepw Ahs hgn]mSnepw {]km
Zn p. Ibo \nepw Ahs hgn ]m Snepw {]km Zn n .
Ibop Ghpw tIm]apmbn Ahs apJw hmSn.
Atm btlmh Ibot\mSv : \o tIm]npsXv?
\ns apJw hmSpXpw Fv Fp tNmZnp. (4 3, 4,
5, 6)
kao: ssZhw amwk`psn lms_
en {]kmZnv Bnhgn]mSp kzoIcnbpw
Ibos\bpw Ahs hgn]mSpw kzoIcnmXn
cnbpw sNptam? ChcpsS Ieln\pw
lms_ens acWn\pw ssZhamWv Imc
W m c Cu {Inkv XyssZhw a\p jy sc
tme kwkmcnpp. tXmntev hchpw
t]mpw tXm Wnbpw Fmw a\p jys
tPmenbmWv. CXn\nsmw ss__n a\p
jyIrXyamWv ssZhntX FpsXfnbp
p.
10. ]ns btlmh Ibo t\mSv : \ns A\p P \mb
lms_ FhnsS Fp tNmZnXnp: Rm Adnbp
n, Rm Fs A\pPs Imhevmct\m Fv
Ah ]dp. AXnp Ah AcpfnsbvXXv: \o
Fp sNbvXp? \ns A\pPs cns i_vZw
`qanbn\nv FtmSp \nehnfnpp.... tZiw \ohnp
im]{KkvX\mbn t]mIWw. (4.911)
kao: Ibo t\mSv At\z jn m sX Xs
ssZhn\v lms_ens acWsn Adn
bm am bn cp nt? c ns i_v Zw `qan
bn\np Btcm sS nepw \ne hn fn ptam?
CsXmw AdnhnmbvabmWv. Cu ]pkvXIw
Cuizct\m GsXnepw hnZzmt\m Dmn
bX.
11. saYqielns\ P\nntijw lmt\mIv apqdp kwh
cw ssZhtmSpIqsS \Sp. (5.22)
{InkvXym\nIfpsS ssZhw a\pjy\sn
lmt\mns IqsS Ah Fs\ \Sp?
thZn ]dbp \ncmImc\mb Cuizcs\
kzoIcnmte {InkvXym\nIpw \hcq.
12. Ahp ]p{Xnam P\ntm ssZhns ]p{X
m a\pjycpsS ]p{Xnamsc kucyaphscp Inv
Xpt_m[n Ghtcbpw `mcyamcmbn FSpp.
Atm tbmlh: a\pjy\n Fs Bmhv kZmIm
ehpw hmZnpsImncnbn. Ah PUw Xsbtm.
Fnepw Ahs Imew \qncp]Xp kwhcamIpw Fv
AcpfnsNbvXp. Amep `qanbn am Dmbn
cpp. AXns tijhpw ssZhns ]p{Xm a\p
jycpsS ]p{XnamcpsS ASp sNnv Ah asf
{]khnp. ChcmIpp ]pcmX\ Imes hocm.
Ion s ]pcp j mXt. `qan bn a\p jys
ZpjvSX henbsXpw Ahs lrZbhnNmcfpsS \ncq
]Wsamsbpw Fmbvt]mgpw tZmjapXt{X Fpw
btlmh Ip. Xm `qanbn a\pjys\ DmpI
sImp btlmh A\pX]np. AXv Ahs lrZb
n\p ZpxJambn. Rm krjvSnnp a\pjys\ `qan
bn \np \innpIfbpw. a\pjys\bpw arKsbpw
CgPmXnsbbpw BIminse ]nIsfbpw Xt;
Ahsb DmpIsImp Rm A\pX]npp Fp
tbmlh AcpfnsbvXp. (6.27)
kao: ssZhns ]p{Xm BcmsWv
{InkvXym\nItfmSp tNmZnWw. ssZhns
`mcy. `mcybpsS A\am, Afnb apX
embhcmWv? BZans afpambn hnhmlw
\SXpsImv ssZhw AhcpsS _phmbn.
Ah cpsS a sImpa fmbn. CsXmw
ssZhnt\m ssZhns ]pkvXInt\m
tNXmtWm? hmkvXhn GtXm Imp
PmXnm FgpXnbXmWopkvXIw.
kh Xbp w `hn jy Zv m \hp w
Cm ssZhw ssZh a. krjv Sn tm,
C\n a\pjy ZpjvScmbncnpsadnhnmbn
cptm? ]m]npI AXn ZpxJnX\mhp
I, Adn bmsX sNb Xnv ]m ]n p I.
Fnhsbmw {InkvXym\nIfpsS ssZhn
\msX thZn ]dbp Cuizc\p tNcp
Ibn. {InkvXym\nIfpsS ssZhw ]qhn
360
Zzm\pw tbmKnbpambncpsv CXn\np
sXfnbpp. A\yYmimnbpw hnm\hpw
sImv Chbn\nIp \nevpambncpp.
IjvSw, ]narKmZnIfpw ZpjvScmbntmtbm?
ssZh n\v kh X Dm bn cp s n
C{Xbpw ZpxJn X \m hp I bn m bn cp p. AXn
\m CXv ssZhhpa. ss__n ssZhIrX
hpa, thtZmIvXhpw k]m]tiZpxJtim
ImZnclnXhpw knZm\kzcq]hpamb Cuiz
cs\ {InkvXym\nI C\nsbnepw AwKoI
cnm AhcpsS a\pjyPw kêammw.
13. s]Ins \ofw apqdpapgw hoXn AXpapgw
Dbcw apXp apgw. \obpw \ns ]p{Xmcpw `mcybpw
]p{XmcpsS `mcyamcpw s]In ISWw. kh
PohnIfn\npw khPUn\npw Xt Cuco
cns\ \ntmSpIqsS Pohcbvmbnp s]In
IbtWw. Ah BWpw s]pw BbncntWw. AX
XpXcw ]nIfn\npw AXXpXcw arKfn\npw
`qanbnse AXXpXcw CgPmXnIfn\nsmtbpw Cuc
ocp Pohcbvmbnp \ns ASp htcWw.
\otbm kIe `Wkm[\fn\npw thpXp
FSpp kw{K ln p sIm tWw. AXp \n\ pw
Ahbv pw Blm c am bn cn t Ww. ssZhw XtmSp
Iev]nsXmsbpw t\ml sNbvXp. (6.15.18.22)
kao: Ccw \Sm Imcy ]d
bp Bfns\ hnZzmmcmcm\pw Cuizc\mbn
IcpXptam? C{Xbpw \ofhpw hoXnbpw Dbc
hp ap s] I n sIm\pw ]nSnbpw
Bs] HIfpw tImSm\ptImSn CXc
PohnIfpw `W kma{KnIfpw IpSpw_fpw
sImptam? CXv a\pjy\pmnb ]pkvX
IamWv. CsXgpXnbbm hnZzm\pambncpp.
14. t\ml sbtlmshp HcpbmK]oTw ]WnXp. ipn
bp kIe arKfnepw ipnbp Fm ]dhIfnepw
NneXp FSpp bmK]oTnt tlmabmKw An
p. btlm h kuc `y hm k\ aW tm btlmh
Xs lrZbn AcpfnsNbvXp. Rm a\pjys
\nanw C\n `qansb i]nbn. a\pjys at\m\n
cq]Ww _meyw apX tZmjapXp BIpp. Rm
sNbvXXpt]mse kIe PohnItfbpw C\n \innbn
. (8.20.21)
kao: thZn bp m p I, tlman pI
Fnhsbgp Xn bn cn p Xn \m Ch thZ
n \nv ss__nfn hXmsWv \n
bnmw. aWm ssZhn\v aqptm? Cu
{InkvXy ssZhw a\pjysctmet? Nne
tm i]npp. Nnetm ]m]np
p. i]npsap Nnetm ]dbpw. BZyw
i]np ]nsbpw i]npw. BZyw Fmn
s\bpw sImpp. C\nta sImpIbnspw
]d bp p. CsXmw _men i am Wv . Cuiz c
stbm hnZzmstbm hm. hnZzmmcpsS
hmpw {]Xnbpw ncambncnpw.
15. ssZhw t\mlsbbpw Ahs ]p{Xmscbpw A\p
{Klnv AhtcmScpfnsbvXsXsm...... `qNc Pp
sfmsbpw \nv Blmcw Bbncns. ]
kkyw t]mse Rm kIehpw \nv Xncnpp
{]mW\mbn cn p c tm Sp IqsS am{Xw amwkw
`ncpXv. (913.4)
kao: Hns\ {]mWthZ\ A\p`hnnv
aph B\npsImm D]tZinp
{InkvXyssZhw Zbmlo\\t? Hcp aIs\
smv asmns\ Dup A\am alm
]m]nIft? As\bmWnXpw Fm {]mWn
Ifpw Cuizc\v afmWv. A\mmWv
ChcpsS ssZhw IimpImcs\tmse s]cp
amdpXv. a\pjyscsbmw Cu ssZhw sIme
bmfnIfmnbncnpp. As\ {InkvXy
ssZhw \nb\mIbm FpsImv ]m]n
b?
16. `qanbn Hsbpw Htc`mjbpw Htchmpw Bbncp
p.... Ah Xn: hcphn \mw `qXen Hsbpw
NnXdntmImXncnm Hcp ]Whpw BImitmfw
Fp Hcp tKm]pchpw ]WnI. \app Hcp t]cpap
mpI. Fv Ah ]dp. a\pjy ]WnX ]
Whpw tKm]p chpw ImtW Xn\p btlmh Cdn
hp. Atm btlmh: CXm P\w Hp, Ahsm
hpw `mjbpw Hp. CXpw Ah sNbvXp XpSp
p. Ah sNbvhm \ncq]npsXmpw Ahp
AkmyamIbn. hcphn \mw Cdnsp Ah
Xn `mj XncndnbmXncnm AhcpsS `mj I
enfI Fp AcpfnsbvXp. As\ btlmh
Ahsc AhnsS \np `qXensepw Nnnp. Ah
]Ww ]WnbpXp hnpIfp. (11.1, 48)
kao: temIn FmbnSpw Hcp `mj
bp m bn cp tm a\p jy ]c kv ] cw
AXyw B\ a \p ` hn n cn Ww ]t
Fp sNmw? Cu { In kv Xym \n I fp sS
Cujymephmb ssZhw FmhcpsSbpw `mj
Ien kh\miapmn. CXp henb A]
cm [ am bn tm bn. sNIp m sNbv X Xnepw
NomcyatbnXv? kn\mbv ]hXns
apIfnepw apamWv {InkvXy ssZhns
hmksapw PohnIfpsS Db B{Klnncp
nspw CXn \np shfnhmIpp. Adnhn
m h \ msX Cuiz c CXp sNptam?
CsXs\ ssZhns ]pkvXIamIpw?
17. Ah Xs `mcy kmdmbntbmSp ]dXp: CXm \o
361
kucyap kv{Xosbp Rm Adnbpp. an{kbo
ay \ns ImWptm Ch Fs `mcysbp ]dv
Fs sImp Ibpw \ns Poh t\msS cn bpw
sNpw. \o Fs ktlmZcnsbp ]dbWw. Fm
\ns \nanw F\np \ hcnIbpw Rm Pohnncn
bpw sNpw.
kao: t\mq! Hcp alm {] hm N I s\v
{Inkv Xym \n Ifpw apkv fo fpw ]pI gv p
A{_lmw ]d bp Xv \pW bm Wv . Ccw
{]hm N I cp hv Adnhpw kZv K Xnbpw
Fs\ Inpw!
18. ssZhw ]nsbpw A{_lmant\mSv AcpfnsNbvXXv:
\obpw \ns tijw XeapdXeapdbmbn \ns k
Xnbpw Fs \nbaw {]am Wn t Ww. F\n bv pw
\npw \ns tijw \ns kXnbvpw aty
bpXpw \n {]amWntXpamb Fs \nbaw
BhnXp: \nfn ]pcpj{]Psbmsbpw ]cntZ\
GtWw. \nfpsS A{KNw ]cntZ\ sNt
Ww. AXv F\nbvpw \npw atybp \nba
ns ASbmfw BIpw. XeapdXeapdbmbn \nfn
]pcpj{]Psbmsbpw FpZnhkw {]mbamIptm ]cn
tZ\ GtWw. hon P\n Zmk\mbmepw \ns
knbmh\mbn A\yt\mSp hnebvphmnbh\m
bmepw icn \ns hon P\nZmk\pw \o hnesIm
Spp hmnbh\pw ]cntZ\ Gt Ignbq. Fs \nbaw
\nfpsS tZln \nXy\nbaambncntWw. A{K
Nnbmb ]pcpj{]Psb ]cntZ\ FmXncpm
P\n \np tOZnp IftbWw. Ah Fs \nbaw
ewLnncnpp (17.914)
kao: ssZh ns Cu hn] co Xm
t\mq! ]cntZ\Iaw ssZhn\v CjvSam
sWn BZn krjvSnbn Cu Nw Dm
nbsXn\mWv. AXpmnbXv It]m
ft]mse cmamWv. B Kp]vXm\w
AXnarZpeamWv. AXn Nansn Ddp
pISnm t]mepw ISps\mcapmIpw.
aq{Xibvptijw hkv{Xn XpnI
hogmXncnbpw apw CXns D]tbmKamWv.
AXp apdn p Xv No bm Wv . Ctm
{InkvXym\nI Cu \nbaw ]menmsX
mWv? CXp \nXy\nbaamWtm. AXp sXn
XpsImv ""\nban \nv Hcp {]Imc
nepw ISptImfw sXcpXv'' F {InkvXp
kmyw sXntmbn. CsXmpw {InkvXym\n
I Hpw {inpn.
19. ssZhw A{_lmant\mSv AcpfnsbvXp. Xotijw
Ahs\ hnpIbdntmbn (17.22)
kao: ssZhw a\pjyt\m ]ntbm Bhmw.
taIogpw Iogv taepw bm{X sNpp! Cu
ssZhw C{Pmemc\msWp tXmpp.
20. A\cw btlmh Ahp at{abpsS tXmn hp
{]Xy\mbn. shbnepsdtm Ah IqSmchmXn
ev Ccnbmbncpp. Ah Xes]mnt\mnb
tm aqp ]pcpjm Xs t\sc \nevpXpIp
. Ahsc Itm Ah IqSmchmXn \nv
Ahsc FXntcev]m HmSnsv \new hsc Ip\np.
bPam\t\ FtmSp Ir]bpsn ASnbs\ ISp
t]mIcptX. Akmcw shw sImphv \nfpsS
ImepIsf IgpIs. hrnIogn Ccnn Rm
Hcpapdn Aw sImphcmw. hniv ASop \np
t]mImw. CXnmbntm \n ASnbs ASp
Ibdn h Xp Fp ]d p. \o ]d Xp t]mse
BIs Fp Ah ]dp. A{_lmw _sp
IqSm c n kmd bpsS ASp Ibdn sNp. \o
Wn aqnSgn amhp FSpp Ipgp Aap
mpI Fp ]dp. A{_lmw ]ipqn HmSn
sp CfbXpw \Xpamsbmcp Imfpnsb ]nSnv
Hcp _meymcs ] sImSpp. Ah AXns\
Wn ]mIw sNbvXp. ]ns Ah shbpw
]mepw Xm ]mIwsNn Imfpnsbbpw sImphv
AhcpsS apn hp. AhcpsS ASp hrn
Iogn ip{iqjnp \np. Ah `Ww Ignp. (18. 18)
kao: t\mq k\tf! ssZhw Imf
n Sm hns amwkw Xnp nXnbv v
Ahs D]mkIscn\v ]iphns\bpw IvSm
tfbpw XnmsX hnSWw? Zbbnm, amwk
`WmXpc\mb Hcph sImebmfnbmb a\p
jy\msX, ssZhamIptam? ssZhns IqsS
Dmbncp a\pjycmcmsWv Adnhn
GtXm Immfqw Dmbncpp. AhcpsS
t\Xmhmb a\pjys\bmbncnpw ss__nfn
ssZhsap ]dbpXv. Cs\sbmw ]d
bp Cu ]pkvXIw CuizcIrXa. Cs\
Hcp Cuizc\pan.
21. btlmh A{_lmant\Sp: hrbmb Rm {]khn
pXp hmkvXhtam Fp ]dp kmdm NncnXp
Fp? tbmlhbm Ignbm Imcyw Dtm? (18 14)
kao: CsXp ssZhw? Ipn I sfbpw
kv{XoIsfbpw t]mse Cu {InkvXy ssZhw
FpthKamWv apjnv No]dbpXv!
22. btlmh sktZmansbpw sKmsamcbpsSbpw ta
btlm h bp sS kn [n bn\np, BIm i p \n p
Xs KIhpwXobpw hjnnp. B ]Wpw
{]tZin\papgph\pw B ]Wfnse kIe \nhm
kn Ipw \nes kky pw Dqe \miw
hcpn. (19. 2425)
kao: ss__n fn se ssZh n s
IfnItm? IpnItfmSpt]mepw Zbbnm
ssZhw! `qan Xncnphv Chscsmm C
hscmcpw A]cm[nIfmbncptm? \ymbw,
Zb hnthIw Fn hbv p hncp am Wn Xv .
362
Cuizc Cs\ sNbvXm D]mkI Fp
sImp sNpIbn?
23. hcnI, A\m kXne`ntXnp Ahs\
hop IpSnnv Aht\mSp IqSn ibn Fp]dp.
As\ Ap cm{Xn Ah As\ hop IpSnnp;
aqh AIv sNv At\mSpIqsS ibnp..... \mw
Ahs\ Cp cm{Xnbpw hopIpSnn.... AIp
sNp Aht\mSp IqsS ibn..... Cs\ temns
cp ]p{Xnamcpw A\m K`w [cnp.
kao: t\mq! aZyns elcnbn ]nXm
]p{Xnam t]mepw ZpjvIn \np c
s] n . CsX s\ bp aZyw IpSn p
{InkvXym\nIfpw apw sNp NoIv
AXn cptm? AXn \m k \ aZy
ns t]cpt]mepw ]dbcpXv.
24. A\cw btlmh Xm AcpfnsbvXncp t]mse
kmdmsb kinp. Xm hmKvZw sNbvXncpXv
btlmh kmdmbvp \nhnpsImSpp. kmd K`n
Wnbmbn (21,12)
kao: kmdmsb kinv K`hXnbmn
bt{X. CsXs\? Cuizc\pw kmdmbvpw
at[y asmcp K`m]\ImcWw ImWpn.
ssZhIr]bmemhmw kmdm K`nWnbmbXv .
25. A{_lmw AXnImev Fgptp Ahpw Hcp
Xpcpn shhpw FSpv lmKmcns tXmfn hp.
Ipnsbbpw sImSpp Ahsf Abp. Ah ]pds
pt]mbn....... Ah Ipnsb Hcp IpdpmnXWen
Cp...... FXnsc Ccpp Dds Icp. ssZhw _mes
\nehnfntIp. (21.1417)
kao: { In kv Xy ssZhw
sNbvXpshbvp ]WnIsImtm. BZyw
A\ymbambn kmdbpsS `mKp\np. lmK
lcmbncpp i_vZw tIXv _mesbpw! CsX
Zv`pXw ? _me\mWv IdsNv ssZhw
sXn cn Xmhmw. CsXmw ssZh ns
hmtm, ssZhhN\ns hmtm, ssZhh
N \ nse AcpfsSmw Fs\bmIpw?
km[mcWa\pjys\ FgpXmhp Nndm
cysfmgnsI ss__nfnse asmw \nmcw
Xs.
26. AXnstijw ssZhw A{_lmans\ ]conXv
F s\ sb m, A{_m lmsa Fp hnfn Xnp;
Rm CXm Fp Ah ]dp Atm Ah: \ns
aIs\ \o kvt\lnp \ns GIPmX\mb bnkvlm
ns\ Xt, Iqnsmp tamcnbm tZip sNp.
AhnsS Rm \ntmSp Iev ]n p Hcp ae bn
Ahs\ tlmabmKw Ign FcpfnsbpXp .....Xs
aI bnkvlmns\ sIn bmK]oTnta hndIn
osX InSn. ]ns A{_lmw ssI \on Xs aIs\
AdptXnp In FSpp. DSs\ btlmhbpsS
ZqX BImip\np A{_lmsa A{_lmsa Fp
hnfnp; Rm CXm Fh ]dp: _mes ta
ssIshcpXv. Aht\mSp Hpw sNcpXv. \ns GI
PmX\mb aIs\ Xcphm \oaSnmbvIsImp \o
ssZhs `bsSppshp Rm Ctm Adnbpp.
(22. 12, 912)
kao: Ctm Hcp Imcyw kv ]jv S am bn.
ss__nfnse ssZhw Aev]\mWv, kh
\. A{_lmapw Hcp ipt`mj\mbncp
p. As n Cs\ sNp am bn cp n .
ss__nfnse Cuizc kh\mbncps
n A{_lmans ssZh`bw kX
bm Adn t s\. AXn \m Cu ssZhw
kh\sv \nWbw.
27. RfpsS iv aim\efn hv hntijambXn
acnhsf ASnsmI. (23. 6)
kao: ihw IpgnnSpXpsImv henb
lm\nbpv. AXv AgpIn hmbphns\ ZpK
abamn tcmKw ]cpp.
tNmZyw:\app{]nbshsc Xo hbv p
Xp \. IpgnnSpXv, Ddm InSp
Xpt]msebmIbm AXt{X \v.
Dcw: acn h tcmSp {]nbaps n
hon hpIqtS? Fn\p IpgnnSpp? {]nb
s Pohm mhv t]mbn v , ZpK ab amb
amWv tijn p Xv . AXn t\mSv Fp
{]oXn? AYhm {]nbsXmsWn an
aqSpsXn\v? \ns IpgnpaqSpsav Btcm
sS nepw ]d m AhXv Hcn epw
CjvSamhpIbn. AhcpsS hmbnepw Inepw
icocpw s]mSnbpw Ipw CjvSnIbpw Ipm
bhpw CSpXpw s\p Ip hbvpXpw
FpXcw kvt\lamWv? s]nbneSn aqSp
XpsImv Nofnv ZpKw hanv Zmcp
W amb tcmK fp m pw. ]nsmv , Hcp
ihw IpgnnSm BdSn \ofhpw \meSn hoXn
bpap esanepw thWw. Cu IW\p
k cnv \qtdm etam tImSntbm ih f
Sw sNm F{X `qan ]mgmWw. AhnsS
hbtem tXmtam ]mnStam Dmm\m
hn ! AXp sImv Ipgn n Sp XmWv Gsd
No. IptdqSn t`Zw shnsednbpIbm
Wv. PePp ISnpIodn XnpsImpw.
Fmepw tijn p Fpw apw AgpIn
363
temIp _pnappmIpw. CXnepw \Xv
Imn XpXmWv. amwk`ppIfmb ]n
arKmZnI henpIodnXnpsImpw Fnepw
tijn p Fpw abpw aehpw apw
AgpIn temIn\pIptd ZpcnXapmpw. Zln
npXmWv Ghpw \Xv. icocw AWpcq
]n hmbphn ebnpsImpw.
tNmZyw: Zln n mepw ZpK ap m
hpIbnt?
Dcw: thhw Zlnnmm Ipd
pmhpsanepw IpgnnSpXnepw Ipdhmbn
cnpw. hn[nbmwhw thtZmamb
6
coXnbn
Zln n Ww. arX i co c ns ssIbv v
Apapgw \ofw, aqp apgw XmgvN, aqcapgw
hoXnbn IpgnIpgnWw. Xe`mKw Dbpw
Imens `mKw XmWpw apIfnse hoXnbpsS
]IpXn ASnbn hcpwhw Ncnpw thWw
IpgntXv. icocns XpeyXqw s\v.
tkdn\v Hcp amSnWn\p IkvXqcn, Hcp
aoiw hoXw tIkcw, Ghpw IpdXv Ac
av N\w
7
IqSp X F{XbpamImw
AInev, XIcw, Iqcw apXembhbpw miv
apXemb hrfpsS hndIvsImv thZnbp
mn arXtZlw hv hopw [mcmfw hndIv
ASpn aqSn s\ns BlpXnbnv Zln
nm\mWv FgpXnbncnpXv. Cs\ Zln
nm Hpw ZpKapmhpIbn. CXn\v
AtyjvSn, \cta[w, ]pcpjta[w apXemb
t]cpIfpv. hfsc Zcn{Z\mbmepw Ccp]Xp
tkdn Ipdv s\mIcpXv. CXv Cctm
_p fpsS Zm \ amtbm A[n Im cn I
fn\ntm kw`cnWw. Cs\bpw Inm
]w shdpw hndIpam{Xw D]tbmKnp Zln
npXv IpgnnSpXnepw DaamWv. Hcp
Xpp`qanbnse thZnbn tImSnWn\p
Zml Iaw \S mw. `qan ]mgm hp I bn.
IpSocw Ip òcp t]SnpIbn. Ipgn
nSpXv Xopw \njnamWv.
28. Fs bPam\\mb A{_lmans ssZhamb btlmh
hmgvsh: Ah Fs bPam\t\mSp Zbbpw
hnizkvXXbpw Dt]nn. Cu bm{Xbn btlmh
Fs Fs bPam\s ktlmZcmcpsS hontep
\Snsmp hphtm Fp ]dp (24,27)
kao: Ah A{_lmans am{Xw ssZh
ambncptm? Cmev hgnImnI apt
\ Sv hgn Im p Xp t]mse Cuiz c\pw
sNbvsXtm? Ctm ssZhw hgnImm
sXv ? a\p jy tcmSv kw`m jWw sNm
sXv? CsXmpw ssZhnt\m ssZhhN\
amb {Knt\m tbmPnX. ImSmp
am{Xw tNcpw.
29. bniv am tb ens ]p{X m cpsS t]cp I AhnXp;
bnivamtbens BZy PmX s\_mtbmv, tIZm,
AZvs_tb, an_vimw, anivam, Zqam, am, lZmZv, tXam,
bXq, \môkv, tIsZam. (25, 13 15).
kao: Cu bnivamtb A{_lman\v Zmkn
bmb lmKmdn P\n ]p{X\mWv.
30. Rm Ahsbsmv \ns Ap CjvShpw cpNn
Ichpamb t`mP\w Dmpw. \ns A Xnp Xs
acWn\paps \ns A\p{KlntXn\p \o AXp
Ahs ASp sImpsNWw...... ]ns dnt_m
hon Xs ] DXmb aqaI Gimhns
hntijhkv{Xw CfbaI bmtm_ns\ [cnnp.
Ah tImemnIpnIfpsS tXmsImp Ahs
ssIIfpw tcmaanm Igppw s]mXnp....... Ah
As ASp sNp; Am Fp ]dXnp
Rm CXm, \o B, aIt\ Fp Ah tNmZnp.
bmtm_v At\mSv, Rm \ns BZy PmX Gimhv;
FtmSp Iev]nXp Rm sNbvXncnpp, Fgptp
Ccpp Fs thbndn Xnp Fs A\p{Klnt
Wsa Fp ]dp. (27. 910, 15, 16, 19)
kao: Cs\ Ihpw Im]Syhpw sImv
BiohmZw hmn ]noSv kn\pw {]hmN
I \p am sWp \Sn p p. CXm cyat?
{InkvXym\nIfpsS ]qhnI CcmcmWv.
]nss\ KpepamepI Ipdbpw?
31. bmtm_v AXnImep Fgptp XebnWbmbn
hncp Ip FSpp XqWmbn \nn. AXnt
F Hgnp. Ah B enp _tY Fp
t]hnfnp..... Rm XqWmbn \nnb Cu Ip ssZh
ns BebhpamIpw. (28. 181922)
kao: ImSmcpsS ]Wnt\mq. Ins\
]qPnp, ]qPnnp. CXns\bmWv apow
"_b apIZkv' (]pWytadnb _tY)
Fp ]dbpXv. CXmtWm tZhmebw? Cu
In am{Xta ssZhw Dtm? sImmw!
6. `kvamav icocav (bPq. 40.15) Cu thZhmIyn\
\pkcnv Aizemb\mZn Krlykq{Xfn (4.1.510)
hn[nncnpw]Sn hntcmt[ Xzt\t]w kymZkXn
ly\pam\av v(1.3.2.) thZhncpam Krly{iuX
kq{X t\mn thZm\pIqeyw A\pam\nv sN
Wsav Xmev]cyw.
7. Ch ]gb Afhpw XqhpamWv. tk Hcp Intem
tbmfw hcpw. amSn Acm {Kmapw, aoiw AXns
]IpXnbpw, av Ccp]Xv Intem{Kmapw GItZiw hcpw.
Cu IWv Ae.
364
sImmw! Fp ]dbm! {InkvXym\nItf!
ISp hn{Klmcm[I \n Xs.
32. ssZhw dmtl ens\ Hmp. ssZhw Ah fpsS
At] tIp. ssZhw Ah fpsS K`s Xpd p,
Ah K`w [cnp Hcp aIs\ {]khnp. ssZhw Fs
\n \onfncnpp Fp ]dp. (30.2223)
kao: sImmw {InkvXy ssZhta! tIa
UmIvSXs, K`]m{Xw XpdpXn\v Fv
Huj[hpw ikv {X hp am Wp m bn cp Xv ?
CsXmw AXXs!
33. Fm ssZhw cm{Xn kz]v\n Acmay\mb
em_ms ASp hv Aht\mSp: \o bmtm_n
t\mSp KpWsanepw tZmjsanepw ]dbmXncnm
kqnpsImI Fp Iev]np..... BIs, \ns ]nXr
`h\nmbp AXnhmRvObm \o ]pdspt]m
p. Fm Fs tZhmsc tamjvSnXp Fnp?
(31. 24. 30)
kao: CsXmcp DZm l cWw am{X am Wv .
At\Iw t]cpsS ASp kz]v\n hp
kwkm cn n p v . Pm{K Z h bnepw ]ecpw
ImWpIbpw, Xo\pw IpSnbpw t]mpw hchpw
]epw ssZhtmsSmw sNm Ignn
p spw ss__n fn Fgp Xn bn p v .
Fm Ctm ssZhw Dtm Ctbm
F dn hn . Fs m Ctm Bpw
kz ]v \ n tem DWhn tem ssZhs
ImWm Ignbpn. Cu ImpIqw inemhn
{K lsf ssZh ambn Bcm [n n cp spw
sXfn bp p. IqSmsX Ch cpsS ssZhhpw
Ins\ ssZhambn IcpXnbncpspw "ssZh
sf tamjvSnp' F {]tbmKn \np
hpIqSpp.
34. bmtm_v Xs hgnpt]mbn. ssZhns ZqX
m Ahs FXnsc hp. bmtm_v Ahsc I
tm CXp ssZhns tk\ Fp ]dp. (32.12)
kao: {InkvXy ssZhw a\pjy\msWXv
Ctm AknKvambn sXfnp. Fs
m Atln\p ssk\yhpw Dv. tk\
bptm Bbp[hpw Dv. ]teShpw B{I
anppmhmw. Csn ssk\yw sIms
p{]tbmP\w?
35. bmtm_v X\ntb tijnp. Atm Hcp ]pcpj
DjmIpthmfw Aht\mSp ap]nSnp. Ahs\ Pbn
bn Fp Itm Ah Ahs XpSbpsS XSw
sXmp. BIbm Aht\mSp ap]nSnbm bmtm
_ns XpSbpsS XSw Dfpntmbn. Fs hnSpI. Djv
DZnpphtm Fp Ah ]dXnp \o Fs
A\p{KlnmsX Rm \ns hnSpIbn Fp Ah
]dp. \ns t] Fv Fv Aht\mSp tNmZn
Xnp: bmtm_v Fv Ah ]d p. \o ssZh
tmSpw a\pjytcmSpw ap]nSnp PbnXpsImv \ns
t] C\n bmtm_v F bn{kmtb Fv hnfn
sSpw Fv Ah ]dp. bmtm_v Aht\mSv: \ns
t] F\nv ]dpXtcWw Fp At]np. \o
Fs t] tNmZnpXp Fp Fp Ah ]dp.
AhnsS hp Ahs\ A\p{Klnp. Rm ssZhs
apJmapJambn Inpw F\np Pohlm\n hn Fp
bmtm_v ]dp. B en\p s]\otb Fp
t]cnp: Ah s]\otb ISpt]mIptm kqcy
DZnp. Fm XpSbpsS Dfpp \nanw Ah apSn
\Sp. Ah bmtm_ns XpSbpsS XSnse Rcp
sXmSpI sImp bn{kmtb a Cphtcbpw XpS
bpsS XSnse Rcp Xnmdn. (32. 2432)
kao: {InkvXy ssZhw tKmZma BI
bm emImw kmdmbv pw dmtl en\pw ]p{X
`mKyw \evInbXv. CXv Cuizc\mtWm? Hcm
fnt\mSp t]cp tNmZnpI, kzw t]cp ]d
bmXncnpI! CsXpIfn? ssZhw Rcv Dfp
nv PbnXncns, UmIvSdmbncpsn
Rcp t\sc bm n tb s\. Cu ssZhs
`Pn bmtm_v apS n b Xp t]mse ap
`cpw apSppmImw. ssZhs {]Xy
ambn ImWWsantem abpw sNW
santem ssZhw icocaph\mbncnWw.
CsXmw ip _meniamWv.
36. ssZhns apJw ImWpXpt]mse (33.10)
kao: Cuizc\p apJapsn ahbh
fpw ImWpw. P\\ acWfph\pambn
cnpw!
37. blqZbpsS BZyPmX\mb G btlmshp A\n
jv S \m bn cp XpsImp btlm h Ahs\ acn n p.
Atm blqZm Hm\mt\mSp : \ns tPyjvTs `mcy
bpsS ASp sNv tZh c [aw A\p jv Tn p
tPyjvTs t]p kXnsb DfhmpI Fp ]d
p. Fm B kXn XtXmbncnbn Fp
Hm\m AdnIsImp tPyjvTs `mcybpsS ASp
sNtm tPyjvT\p kXnsb sImSpmXncnt
Xnp \nep hogvnfp. Ah sNbvXXp
btlmhp A\njvSambncnpXpsImp Ah Ch
s\bpw acnp. (38.710)
kao: t\mq! CXp a\pjycpsS ]Wntbm
Cuizcstbm? \ntbmKw sNbvX nXnv
Fn\p sImp? Ahs _pn t\scbmm
sXv ? thtZm am b \n tbmK\nbaw
Fpw Dmbncpp. Fm tZifnepw {]Nm
cnencpp Fp Xobmbn.
365
]pdmSp ]pkvXIw
38. B Imev tamsi apXntijw Ah Xs
ktlmZcmcpsS ASp sNp AhcpsS `mcap
thet\mn, Xs ktlmZcmcn Hcp G{_mbs\
Hcp an{kboay ASnpXpIp. Ah Atmpw
Ctmp t\mopw Bcpw Csp Itm an{kbo
ays\ ASnpsImp aWen adhpsNbvXp. ]ntZnhkw
Ah sNtm cv F{_mb ]pcpjam Xn
iWvTbnSpXpIp. A\ymbw sNbvXht\mSp: \ns
IqpImcs\ ASnpXp Fv Fv tNmZnp. AXnp
Ah, {]`phpw \ymbm[n]Xnbpw Bnbh B?
an{kboays\ sImXpt]mse Fsbpw sImphm
`mhnppthm Fp tNmZnp. Atm Imcyw {]kn
ambn t]mbtm Fp tamsi ]dp t]Snp. ^d
thm Cu Imcyw tImsd tamisb sImphm At\z
jnp. tami ^dthm kn[nbn\nv HmSntmbn.
(2. 11 15)
kao: Itm! ss__n fnse ]pWym
mhpw aXmNmcy\pamb tamit]mepw t{Im[m
ZnZpKpWbp\pw, sImebmfnbpw Is\
tmse in bn \nsm fn tm Sp h\pw
Bbncpp. Imcyw adphbvp Bfmbncp
Xn\m Iw ]dbpbmfpambncnWw.
CcsamcmfmWv ssZhs IXpw blq
ZaXw m]nXpw! ssZhhpw tamisbtm
se bm bn. {Inkv Xym \n I fpsS aqe ]p cp j
tami ap X ep h ImS nepw Ahn Zy
bnepw IgnncphcmWv.
39. t\mtXnp Ah hcpXp btlmh Itm
ssZhw apSns \Sphn \np Ahs\ tamsi,
tamsi Fp hnfnp. AXn\p Ah CXm Rm Fp
]dp. Atm Ah, Ctmp ASpcpXp \o
\nevp ew hnip `qanbmIbm Imen \np
sNcnp Agnp IfI Fp Iev]np. (34,5)
kao: t\mpI. a\pjys\ sImv aWen
aqSp Ccw a\p jy t\mSv Cuiz cs
ssa{Xnbpw Ccmsc {]hmNI\mbn ImWp
Xpw tIawXs. ]hn{Xamb ev sNcn
n S cp sXp ssZhw tami tbmSp Iev ]n Xv
\nsfmWv ]menmXv?
tNmZyw: R sNcpn\p ]Icw sXmn
bqcpptm?
Dcw: CXp \n sNp cmas
A]cm[amWv. sXmnbqcm ssZhw ]dn
pan \nfpsS ]pkvXInepan. Dutc
Xv Ducm Xpw thm Xv Ducp Xpw
\nfpsS ]pkvXIn\p cp hncp{]hr
nIfmbn.
tNmZyw: RfpsS bqtdmv tZiv XWp
[nIamWv. AXmWv sNcpqcmXv.
Ccw: Xe bn XWp Sn n t?
AXmWp Imcy sa n bqtdm n e s\
sNbvXm aXn. RfpsS hontem hncnntem
hcptm sNcpqcWw. Csn \nfpsS
]pkv X I n\p hncp am WXv . As\
\n sNbvXpIqSm.
40. btlmh Aht\mSp: \ns In CcnpXp Fp
Fp tNmZnp. Hcp hSn Fp Ah ]dp. AXp
\nenSpI Fp Fp Iev]np. Ah \nenp.
AXv Hcp kambnop. tamsi AXns\ Ip
HmSntmbn. btlmh tamsitbmSp; \ns ssI \on
AXns\ hmen\p ]nSn Fp Iev ]n p. Ah
ssI\on AXns\ ]nSnp. AXv Ahs ssIn hSn
bmbvXop....... btlmh ]nsbpw Aht\mSp \ns
ssI amnSn CSpI Fp Iev]np. Ah ssI
amnSn Cp. ]pdsSptm ssI lnawt]mse
shfpp IpjvTapXmbn Ip. \ns ssI hopw
amnSn CSpI Fp Iev]np. Ah ssI amn
Sn Cp amnSn\npw ]pdsSptm
AXp hopw Ahs at amwkwt]mse Bbn Ip....
\o \Znbnse shw tImcn DWnb \nep Hgn
tWw. \Zn bn \np tImcnb shw DW nb
\nep cambnocpw. (4246,7,9)
kao: t\mpI. Fp thecfmWv
ssZhw ImpXv. Zmk tamsibpw tamia
. Atmgnhsc ]npScphsc\ncnpw?
Cs sN Sn hn Zy m CXnepw tami
amtWm? Cu ssZhw hm Ifn m c
Xs. hnZzmam CsXmw Fs\ hniz
knpw? Ftgpw "Rm ssZhamWv. A{_
lmansbpw Cmnsbpw bmq_nsbpw
ssZhamWv' Fv Xm ]pIgvndp
\Spp. CXv Dap tNX. Uw`p
ht tNcq.
41. s]k lsb Adp n. Cutkmp sNSn bpsS Hcp
sIp FSpp Innep cn apn In
nep cw IpdpSntaepw Ifm cntaepw
tXWw. ]nsm shfppwhsc \nfn Bcpw
hons hmXnen\p ]pdndcpXv. btlmh an{kbo
aysc ZWvUnntXn\p ISp hcpw. Fm Ipdp
Sntaepw Ifm cntepw cw ImWptm
btlmh hmXn Hgnp ISpt]mIpw. \nfpsS hoSp
Ifn \nsf ZWvUnntXn\p kwlmcI hcp
hm kXnbpan. (122123)
kao: CsXmcp sNSnhnZyt]mencnpp.
Cu ssZhw kh\. cap{Z Imte
C{ktb Ipew Adnbpthm? CXv p{Z_p
nbmb a\pjys {]hrnp XpeyamWv.
366
CXn \nsmw GtXm Immf FgpXnb
XmWnsXp sXfnbpp.
42. Acm{Xnbntem knwlmk\nencp ^dthms
BZyPmX apX Ipdbn InS XShpImcs BZy
PmX hscbpw an{kbow tZinse BZy PmXmscbpw
arKfpsS ISnqepItfbpw Fmw btlmh kwlcn
p. ^dthm\pw Ahs kIe `rXymcpw kIe an{k
boaycpw cm{Xnbn Fgptp. an{kboan hensbmcp
\nehnfn Dmbn. HpacnmsX Hcp hoSpw Dmbncp
n.
kao: t`jv. sImmw. ]mXncmhn Ih
mcs\tmse \nb\mb {InkvXy ssZhw
B_mehrw \nc]cm[nIfmb a\pjyscbpw,
arKsfbpw sImp Ifp. Hpw Zbhp
sNbv Xn . CuPn ]v Xn Iq \n e hn fn
XpSnpw {Inkv Xy ssZh ns Nn
n \np \njvTqcX t]mbn. CsXms
Cuizcs\ shdpsamcp km[mcW a\p
jy \p t]mepw tN X . CXv B cy a .
amwkmlm cn Wx ItXm Zbx = (amwkm
lmcnIv FhnsS Zb) Fs gp X s n p
v. amwkmlmcnbmb {InkvXy ssZhn\v
Zbhpamsbp _w?
43. btlmh \npthn bpw sNpw. \n
anmXncnn Fp ]dp. aptmpt]mIphm
bn{kmbo atfmSp ]dI. hSn FSpp \ns CS
XpssI ISent \on AXns\ hn`mKn; bn{kmtb
a ISens \Spth DWnb \nepIqSn ISp
t]mIpw. (14,1416)
kao: C{ktb afpsS ]nmse CS
b Bn] n\p ]nm se sb hw
\S ssZhw Ctm FhnsStmbn adp?
Asn ISen\p \SphnIqSn \mep]mSpw
dbnmfw CpsImSpts\. Fnentmgpw
AXp temI n \p ] Im c am tb s\. hhpw
apw Dmm sa\stSn hcnmbncpp.
]s, {InkvXy ssZhw FhnsSt]mbv ad
mthm! Cs\ ]e Akw ` h eo e Ifpw
tami tbm sSmv ssZhw BSn bn p v .
{InkvXy ssZhhpw ssZh tkhI\pw Ah
cpsS {Khpw Fs dnbm Ign Xp
\mbn. AsXmw \n\nv AIncnp
Xt{X \v.
44. \ns ssZhamb btlmhbmb Rm Xov WXbp
ssZhamIpp. Fs ]sIphcn ]nXmmcpsS
AIrXyw aqmatbpw \mematbpw Xeapd hsc
afpsS ta kinpIbpw (20 . 5)
kao: ]nXmhns Ipn\v \mepXeapd
hsc asf innpXv icnsbp Icp
Xp Xv Fhn Ss \oXn bmWv ? \ h \mb
A\v No a I Dm Im dns? adnpw?
Atm \mepXeapdsb Fs\ innpw?
Amw Xe ap d ap X Zpjv S m cp m bm
Ahsc innpIqsS? sXp sNmhs\
innpXv A\ymbamWv.
45. iv \mfns\ ipoIcnm Hm. BdpZnhkw
Azm\np \ns the Hsbpw sNbvXp. Ggmw Znhkw
\ns ssZhamb btlmhbpsS iv BIpp.....
AXpsImv btlmh iv \mfns\ A\p{Klnp
ipoIcnncnpp. (20.8,11)
kao: Rmb am{XamtWm ]cnip Zn\w?
amdp Znhkfpw Aiptam? ssZhw Bdp
\m ISp ]cn {i aw sNbv Xv Ggmw \m
oWnpdntmtbm? Rmdmgv N Bioh
Zns n ap Znh k sf Fp sNbv Xp?
i]ntm CsXmpw Adnhphp tN
X. ]nss\ ssZhn\p tNcpw? Rmb
dmgvNbn Fp KpWqSpXepmbnmWv
Amfns\ hmgvpIbpw ap \mfpIsf i]n
pIbpw sNbvXXv?
46. IqpImcs t\sc Ikmyw ]dbcpXv. IqpIm
cs `h\s tamlncpXv. IqpImcs `mcysbbpw
Ahs Zmks\bpw Zmknsbbpw Ahs Imfsbbpw
IgpXsbbpw IqpImc\p bmsXmns\bpw tamln
cpXv. (20.1617)
kao: t`jv ! CXn \m em hmw {Inkv Xym \n
I ]ctZinIfpsS kznt, Zmlaph
Petbpw hniph tNmdnt\mSpw ImWn
p Bn Imp Xv . CXp XImcyw
t\Sm\pw ]]mXw Imm\pap thebmWv.
{InkvXy ssZhw Cs\bmhmt\ hbvq.
IqpImc FXn\v a\pjyscmsa AY
sa Sp t sXv Bsc nepw hmZn m
AXpw icnbmhn. Fsm GXp Zmk
s\bpw Zmknsbbpw kv{XotbbpamWv IqpIm
c t X m Xmbn KWn t Xv ? CsX mw
kzmnIp tNcpw. ssZhn\p tNcpI
bn .
47. Hcp a\pjys\ ASnpsImph acWin A\p
`hnWw. Ah IcpXnqmsX As\ Ahs
Im kw`hnm ssZhw kwKXn hcpnbXmbm
Ah HmSntmtIp ew Rm \nbanpw. (21.
12,13)
kao: ssZhns Cu \ymbw kXysa
n tami Hcmsf XpsImv aWen aqSn
367
bnv HmSntmbXn\v in \evImsXv?
tamibv v sImm ssZhw kwKXn
hcpnbXm sW n AXp ] ]m X am bn
tmbn. Fsm tamibpsS cmPmhns\
\oXn\Sm A\phZnn. AsXmWv?
48. btlmshp kam[m\bmKfmbn ImfIsfbpw
Anp. tamsi cn ]mXn FSpp ]m{Xn
Hgnp. cn ]mXn bmK]oTnt Xfnp......
tamsi csaSpp P\nt Xfnp. Cu kIe
hN\fpw B[mcamn btlmh \ntfmSp NbvXn
cnp \nbans cw CXm Fp ]dp.
]ns btlmh tamitbmSp; \o Fs ASp
]hXn Ibdnhp AhnsS Ccn;
Rm \n\p Iev]eIIfpw \o Ahsc D]
tbmKntXnp Rm FgpXnb \ymb {]am
Wfpw Iev]\Ifpw Xcpw Fp Acpfns
bvXp. (245, 6,8, 12)
kao: t\mpI, CsXmw Impa\pjyp
tNXp am{Xat? ssZhw Imf_en kzoI
cn pXpw thZn bn cw Xfn p Xpw
ImShpw ]cnjvImcanmbvabpat? ssZhw
Imf_en kzoIcnpsan `m ]ip
hnsbpw ImfbpsSbpw _en{]kmZwsImv
hbdp\ndbvpXnsem sXv! temIn\v
lm\nbpmmXncnpsXn\v! ss__n
fn \ndsb Ccw hrn tI Sp I fm Wv .
Fm thZfn Cs\sbmpta C.
IrkvXy ssZhw aeIfn ]mncp Kncn
hK m c \m bn cp spw sXfn bp p. B
ssZhn\v ajnbpw t]\bpw ISemkpw Dm
m AdnhnmbncpXn\memWv Iev]eI
Ifn FgpXnsmSpXv. ImSmcpsS CS
bn ssZhw Nav Ccnbpw sNbvXp.
49. \n\v Fs apJw Imm IgnIbnm. Hcp a\p
jy\pw Fs Ip Poht\msS Ccnbn Fpw
Ah Iev]np. CXm Fs ASp Hcp eapv.
AhnsS B ]mdta \o \nevtWw. Fs tXPpI
Spt]mIptm Rm \ns ]mdbpsS Hcp ]nfn
Bn Rm ISpt]mIpthmfw Fs ssIsImp
\ns adbvpw. ]ns Fs ssI \opw. \o Fs
]n`mKw ImWpw. Fs apJtam ImWmhX Fpw
btlmh AcpfnsNbvXp.
kao: t\mq! {InkvXy ssZhw shdpw
a\pjys\tmse icoc[mcn! tamisb I_
fnnv ssZhamsWp \Snpp, ]nhiw
Im cq]adnbn Fn ssIsImp adp
ImWpIbpan. ssZhw ssIsImp adbvm
htm IpsS cq]w tami IpImWpI
bnt?
tehy]pkvXIw
50 btlmh kamKa\ IqSmcn shp tamisb hnfnp
Aht\mScpfnsbvXXv: \o bn{ktb atfmSp kwkm
cnp AhtcmSp ]dtbXp Fsm \nfn Bsc
nepw btlmshbvp hgn]mSpIgnpp Fn Ip
ImenItfm BSpItfm Bb arKsf hgn]mSp Ignt
Ww.
kao: {InkvXy ssZhw IpImenIsf
hgn]mSmbn kzoIcnpp, _enbnm
D] tZ in p p. Ip Im en I fpsS tNmcbpw
amwkhpw Inm AXymnbt CXv? Cu
ssZhns\ lnwknmhcpsSbpw Cuiz
csbpw Iqn s]SptWm amwk{]nb
\mb Iuiemcs Iqn s]SptWm
Fv BtemNnpI.
51. Ah btlmhbpsS kn[nbn ImfnSmhns\
AdptWw. Altcms ]p{Xmcmb ]ptcmlnXm
AXns cw sImphp kamKa\ IqSmcns
hmXnev D bmK]oTnt Nppw XfntWw.
Ah tlmabmKarKs tXmev]np JWvUw JWvU
ambn apdntWw. ]ptcmlnX\mb Atlmcs ]p{Xm
bmK]oTnt Xo Cp. XobpsSta hndIp ASp
tWw. ]ns Altcms ]p{Xmcmb ]ptcmlnXm
JWvUfpw Xebpw taZpw bmK]oTn XobpsS
ta ep hnd In\p aosX ASp n h t Ww. AXns
IpSepw Imepw Ah shn IgptIWw. ]ptcm
lnX kIehpw bmK]oTnt tlmabmKambn Zln
ntWw. AXp btlmhp kuc`yhmk\bmb Zl
\bmKw (1.59)
kao: ssZh ns kaw ` m
Imfsb AdpI. AdnpI, tNmc \mep
]mSpw XfnpI, Anbn tlmanpI. Cuiz
c B aWw BkzZnpI CsXmw Iimp
im e bn te Xn Ip d sXm p a .
CXn\nv ss__n CuizcIrXaspw,
Cu ImS fn Ifn p bm Cuiz c \
spw sXfnbpp.
52. btlmh ]nsbpw tamitbmSp AcpfnsNbvXp. A`n
jn\mb ]ptcmlnX P\nt Ipwhc
hw ]m]w sNbv Xp. Fn Xm sNbv X ]m]w \nanw
Ah btlmshp ]m]bmKambn Du\anm Hcp
ImfnSmhns\ AntWw. Ah B Imfsb kam
Ka\ IqSmcns hmXnev btlmhbpsS kn[n
bn sImphp ImfbpsS Xebn ssIhp btlm
hbpsS kn[nbn Imfsb AdptWw. (4.1,3,4)
kao: ]m]ns {]mbnw t\mp
I. kzbw ]m]w sNpI, ]ip apXemb D
368
a ar sf sImp I. ssZhw sImn pI!
CsXms sNp Xns\ ssZ h am sWp
IcpXn AXns Ir]bm apn {]Xon
p \n {InkvXym\nI [\yXs!!
53. Hcp {]amWn ]m]w sNvIbpw....... Ah Du\an
m Hcp BtImemns\ hgn]mSmbn sImphtcWw
btlmhkn[nbn...... AXns\ AdptWw. AXpw
Hcp ]m]bmKw.
kao: _te t`jv ! A s\bmsW n
\ymbm[n]mcpw tk\m[n]mcpw apw ]m]w
sNm Fn\p t]SnWw? Ahv CjvSw
t]mse ]m]w sNmasm. {]mbnambn
]ip hn s\tbm InSm hn s\tbm BSn s\tbm
sImmaXn. shdpsXb. {InkvXym\nI
]n ar Km Zn Isf sImm aSn m Xv .
{InkvXy ktlmZcmsc! Cu ImS aXw
shSnv k`yhpw [abphpamb thZaXw
kzoIcnv \hcppI.
54. BnIpnp Ahp hIbnsn XmsNbvX
]m]w \nanw Ah cp Ipdp{]mhns\tbm cp
{]mhn Ipnt\tbm Hns\ ]m]bmKambpw atXns\
tlma bm K ambpw btlm shbv p sImp h tc Ww.
AXns Xe Igp n \np ]ncnp ]dn t Ww.
Fm cmbn ]nfcpXv.... Cs\ ]ptcmlnX
AhsNbv X ]m]w \nanw Ah p thn {]mb
nw IgntWw. Fm BXp Aht\mSp an
pw...... cpIpdp{]mhntm cp {]mhn Ipnt\m
Ahp hIbnsn ]m]w sNbvIbm ]m]bmK
n\p HcnSgn t\cnbamhp hgn]mSmbn sImph
tcWw. AXp ]m]bmKw BIsImp AXnt F
Hgn cp Xp..... Fm AXp Ah t\mSp an pw
8
.
(57, 8, 10, 11, 13)
kao: t\mpI. {InkvXym\nIfn [\m
Vypw Zcn {Zpw ]m]w sNm `bta
th. Fs m Ch cpsS ssZhw ]m]
n\p {]mb nw Gs Sp o p v .
{Inkv Xym \n I fpsS ss__n fnse Ghpw
AXv`pXw, {]bmkw IqSmsX ]m]w Xocpsa
XmWv. Hcp ]m]w sNbvXm, GsXnepw
Pp hns\ sImv B\ tmsS amwkw
Xnm aXn. ]m]w Hgnbpw! IjvSw! {]mhns
Igp p sR cn m AXp InSp ]nS bpw.
Fmepw {InkvXym\np Zbhn. Fn\p
Zb? ChcpsS ssZhns D]tZiw lnwk
sN m\m Wv . Fm ]m] pw Ccw
{]mbnaptm {InkvXphns\ hnizkn
m ]m]w Hgnbpsap ]dbpXv hot?
55. An ]ptcmlnXp tlmabmKarKns tXm
Ccn t Ww. ASp p hp NpSp t`mP \ bmKw
Hsbpw Dcpfnbnepw Nnbnepw DmpXp Hsbpw
Anp ]ptcmlnXp CcntWw. (78,9)
kao: ChnSs Imfot{Xfnse ]qPm
cnIfpsS t]mpIfnbmWv Ghpw hnNn{Xsa
mbncpp Fs Adnhv. Fm {InkvXy
ssZhnsbpw ]qPmcnIfpsSbpw t]mpeoe
AXns Bbncw aSpv. tXmephnp ]W
ap m nbpw Cd n Xnpw kpJn p Im Wpw.
Ctmgpw kpJnppmhmw. cpafn
Hcphs\ sImv A]cp Xnm GXp]nXm
hmWv sImSp pI? Cuiz c\v ap ]n ar
KmZnIfpw Hcpt]mse ]p{Xkam\amWv. Cuiz
c As\ sNpItb C. Cu ]pkvXIw
Cuiz c Ir Xtam CXn se gp Xn bn cn p Xv
Cuiz c t\m, CXns A\p bm bn I [a
tcm A Xsv hyw. FgpXnbmsem
Spmhn[w A_]mwK \nd
XmWv tehy ]p kv XIw Ds sS bp
ss__n apgph\pw.
kwJym]pkvXIw
56. btlmhbpsS ZqX hm Ducn]nSnpsImp hgn
bn \nevpXp IgpXIp. IgpX hgnbn\npamdn
hbentep t]mbn. IgpXsb hgnbntep Xncnt
Xnp _ntebmw AXns\ ASn p...... Atm
btlmh IgpXbpsS hmbv Xpdp. AXp _nsebman
t\mSp \o Fs Cu aqp{]mhiyw ASnm Rm
\ns Fp sNbvXpshp tNmZnp. (2223,28)
kao: Amev IgpXbvpt]mepw ssZh
ZqXmsc ImWmambncpp. CmIs, \
8. InSm, BnIpn, {]mhv, [m\ysmSn XpSnb
hsbmw ImgvN hmm GmSpmnb ssZhw
alm Xs! {]mhnIpns Igpv sRcnp
hmpXmWv AZv`pXw. B ]cn{iaw IqSn Hgnhm
nbncnpp. CsXmw ImWptm GtXm Iui
emc\mb Immf ]hXn IbdnqSn Xm
ssZhamsWv ]ckysSpnbXmsW \nKa\
n\p Icpp Iqpp. Acmb Imp a\pjy
Abmsf ssZhambn IcpXnmWpw. bpnI {]tbm
Knv Abm ]n arKmZnI [m\y apXembh
sImphcphnv kpJnncnmw. AbmfpsS ZqXm
amemJ Nav hnekn! InSmsfbpw, BSv, {]mhv,
[m\yw apXembhtbbpw Imgv Nhmp ss__nfnse
ssZhw FhnsS, khym]nbpw kh\pw A\m
Znbpw \cmImc\pw khi\pw \ymbImcnbpamb
thtZm ssZhw FhnsS Fp \hcmb BfpI
NnnWw. (Z.k.)
369
h cm bmepw Zpjv S cm bmepw _nj mpw
I\mcmpw t]mepw ssZhstbm ZqX
t\tbm ImWm\mhn. Ahcntmgpw Dtm?
Ds n ZoL \n {Z bn em hptam? AtXm
tcmKw ]nSnp InStm? ap h temI n
tepw t]mbXmhptam? C\n tPmenncn
em bn cn ptam? AtXm {Inkv Xym \n ItfmSp
]nWambncnptam? AtXm Ntm? Fp
]nsbdnhn. CtmgnmXpw ImWm\m
hm Xpw Ap an m bn cp spw In n
spw A\p am \n Ww. CsXmw shdpw
sIpIYI am{XamWv.
57. BIbm Ctm Ippfnep BWns\sbm
sbpw ]pcpjt\mSpIqsS ibnnp kv{XoIsfsbm
sbpw sImpIfhn ]pcpjt\mSpIqsS ibnm
s]Ippsf shpsImhn. (3117,18)
kao: _te! tamim{]hmNI\pw \nfpsS
ssZhhpw sImmw. kv {XoI, Ipn I,
hr, arK Fp th Hn s\bpw
sImebn \nsmgnhmnbnnt. tami hnj
bmkIvX\mbncpsv CXp shfnhmpp.
Ambncpsn ]pcpjkv]itaevm
I\yIIsf X\npthWsav Fn\p ]d
bWw? Ccw \nbhpw sshjbnIhpamb
Bsbn\p \evIWw.
iaqth 2
58 Fsm Apcm{Xn btlmhbpsS AcpfmSv
\mYmp DmbXp Fsm Fs Zmk\mb Zmho
Znt\mSp \o sNp ]dI. btlmh C{]Imcw Acpfns
pp Rm A[nhkntXnp \o F\nv Hcp
Bebw ]Wnbptam? Rm bn{kmtb asf an{k
boan\np ]pdsSphn \mapX Cphscbpw
Rm Hcp Bebn A[nhknmsX IqSmcnepw
\nhmknepatm kcnphcpXp. (74,5,6)
kao: {Inkv Xy ssZh n\v a\p jy sc
tmse icocapsXn kwibw th,
hfsc _p n ap n An v Ae bp
XmWtlns ]cmXn. ZmhoZv hoSp ]Wn
Xp sIm Sp m ]mp at{X! C c samcp
]pkv X I tbpw ssZh sbpw hniz kn
pXn {InkvXym\nIp ebnm
Xn \ap h tcmSv A\p I th Ww. Fp
sNmw! ]mhs]pt]mbn. csSm H
[nIw {]bXv\w thWw.
cmPmm 2
59 Amwamkw Ggmw XobXn s\_qJZvt\k cmPm
sh _mt_ cmPmhns ]smXmw Bn
Xt _mt_ cmPmhns `rXy\mbn AISn \mbI
\mb s\_qkcZ bcqitean hp. Ah btlmh
bpsS Bebhpw cmPm[m\nbpw NppIfp. AISn
\mbIt\mSp IqSnbpmbncp ImtZbssk\ysam
sbpw bcqiteans Nppap aXnepIsf CSnp If
p. (25 8, 9, 10)
kao: Fp sNmw! {InkvXy ssZhw
hn{iasaSpm ZmhoZns\smv hoSp]Wn
bnXmWv. AXn hn{iasaSppIbmbncp
Xmhmw. ]t, \_qkcZm B hoSv XIp
s]m Sn p I f p. ssZh nt\m ssk\y
nt\m Hpw sNm\n! ]sms Cu
ssZhw hbp Pbn n p v . Ctm
Xs Bebw Npp XInpw anmXncn
p sX m Wmthm! kzw ZqX m scmw
Fp t]mtbm? Ftm! Cu Ahkcn
Bcpw D]Imcw sNbv Xn. Cuizcs ]cm
{Iahpw FhnsS ]dpt]msbdnhn. CXp
hXpw t\cmsWn ]s IYI shdp
sX bmWv . CuPn ]v Xnse Ipp Ip n Isf
sImmt\ iucyw Dm bn cp p pthm?
Ctm iqchocmcpsS apn \n_vZ!
kz w ssZhs CI gv p IbmWh
sNbvXXv. Cs\ IYbnm IYIfm Cu
]pkvXIw \ndncnpp.
Zn\hrmw 1
60 As\ btlmh bn{kmtben almamcn Abp
bn{kmtben Fgp]Xn\mbncw t] hoWpt]mbn. (21,14)
kao: t\mq. C{kmtbense {InkvXym\n
I fpsS ssZh ns Ifn! At\Iw XhW
A\p {K ln p Ibpw cm] I _pn apn
hfn bXpamb C{km tbIpe n t
n{]tIm]w hv almamcn Abp. Fgp]
Xn\mbncwt]sc sImp. GtXm Ihn FgpXn
bXv kXyamWv:
tW cpjv Sx tW Xpjv tSm cpjv S
kv Xpjv Sx tW tW Ahy h nX
Nnky {]kmtZm f ]n `bcx
9
Wn ktmjhpw tZjyhpw Dm
hpbmsf ktmjnepw t]SnWw. CXv
Cu ssZhns Imcyn hfsc tN
bpXmWv.
9. kp`mjnX cXv\ `WvUmKmcn 3mw {]IcWw
174mw tmIw IznNnXv XpjvS IzNnXvcpjvSx Fv
AhnsS ]mTt`Zw.
370
Ctm_v
61 ]nsbpw HcpZnhkw ssZh]p{Xm btlmhbpsS
kn[nbn \nev]m sNp. kmm\pw AhcpsS Iq
n btlm h bpsS kn [n bn \nev ]m sNp.
btlmh kmmt\mSpx \o FhnsS \np hcpp. Fp
tNmZnXnp kmm btlmhtbmSp Rm `qan
bn DuSmSn kcnnp hcpp Fpcw ]dp.
btlmh kmmt\mSp Fs Zmk\mb Ctm_ns
ta \o ZrjvSn hpthm? Ahs\tmse \njvIf\pw
t\cph\pw ssZh`\pw tZmjw hnIeph\pw `qan
bn Bcpw Ctm; Ah Xs `n apdpnnSnp
sImncpp; shdpsX Ahs\ \inntXnp \o
Fs kXnnp Fv Acpfnsbv Xp. kmm
btlmhtbmSp: Xzn\p ]Icw Xzv; a\pjy X\n
psXmsbpw Xs Pohp]Icw sImSppIfbpw.
\ns ssI\on Ahs Anbpw amwkhpw Hp
sXmSpI. Ah \ns apJpt\mn XyPnp ]dbpw.
Fpcw ]dp. btlmh kmmt\mSp: CXm Ah
\ns ssIn Ccnpp. Ahs {]mWs\am{Xw
sXmScpXv Fv Iev]np. As\ kmm btlmh
bpsS kn[nhnp ]pdsp. Ctm_ns\ Dm
apX s\dpIhsc hm ]cppIfm _m[np. (2.1
7)
kao: Cu ssZhns in t\mpI.
sNIp m ssZh ` msc ssZh n\p
apnhv t{Zmlnpp. ssZhn\v sNIp
ms\ inn mt\m ` msc cn
mt\m Bhp n . ZqX m cn empwXs
Ahs\ t\cn Sm Ign bp n . sNIp m
Fm h scbpw t]Sn n p. hn cn p p.
{Inkv Xy ssZhw kh \p a . BsW
n Ctm_ns\ sNIpms\smv ]co
nnpsXn\v?
k`m{]kwKn
62. Fs lrZbw m\hpw Adnhpw [mcmfw {]m]n
ncnpp. m\w {Klnm\pw {`mpw t`mjXzhpw
Adnhm\pw Rm a\php. CXpw hrYm {]bXv\
sap Ip. m\_mlpeyn hyk\_mlpeyw
Dp; Adnhp hnnph ZpxJhpw hnnp
p. (11618)
kao: m\hpw Adnhpw ]cymb hmNnI
fmWv . Ah cm sWv Ch Icp Xp p.
m\h\hn ZpxJapsv hnZzmmcm
ht F gp Xn h bv m \mhq ? Cu
ss__n CuizccNnXastXm t]mIs
hnZzms cN\t]mepanXv.
]gb\nbasn Npcpn FgpXn. C\n
ambn apXembh FgpXnb kphntijs
n FgpXmw CXv {InkvXym\nI henb {]am
Wambn kzoIcnnpv. CsXmsWv Aev]
samp ]conmw.
ambnbpsS kphntijw
63. Fm tbip{InkvXphns P\\w Cuhw Bbn
cpp. Ahs Abmb adnb tbmtk^np hnhmlw
\nbns tijw Ah IqSnhcppt ]cnipm
mhn\m K`nWnbmbn Fp Ip..... Imhns
ZpX Ahp kz]v\n {]Xy\mbn. ZmhoXns
aI\mb tbmtkt^ \ns `mcybmb adnbsb tNp
sImhm int. Ahfn Dev]mZnXambXp ]cn
ipmmhn\m BIpp. (118,20)
kao: { ]Xy mZn { ]am W pw
krjvSn{Ian\pw hncpambsXmpw Adn
hphp kzoImcya. Amcyw aqVcpw
A]cnjvIrXcpambht hnizknm\mhq.
Adn hp ]cn jv Ir Xm hn . Cuiz cob
\nbasf Bm\pw ewLnm\mhptam?
kz\n b a X InSw adn p Cuiz cs
B Bcpw hIshbvpIbn. Cuizc
kh \pw Ip a h \p am Wtm. GsX
nepw I\yI K`w [cnm, ssZhn\n
m W sXv Bpw ]d bmw. ssZh Zq X
kz]v\nhv Cs\ ]dsv Iw
] dv ]c p Ibpw sNmw. Ipn kqcy
\n\nv K`w [cn sp ]pcm W fn
Fgp Xn bn cn p Xpw CXp t]m se bm Wv .
_pnv Zmcn{Zyap `mh\m kmv
am{Xta CsXmw hnizknm Ignbq. adnb
GtXm ]pcpj\n\np K`hXnbmbncn
Ww. ]cnipmmhn\nv kw`hnXmWn
sXv Ahtfm amscneptam ]dp ]c
n b Xm hmw.
64. A\cw ]nimNn\m ]consSphm tbip
hns\ Bmhv acp`qanbntep \Sn. Ah \mev]Xp
]Iepw \mev]Xpcmhpw D]hkntijw Ahp hni
p. Atm ]coI ASpphp. \o ssZh]p{X
\msWn Cu Ip AambnXocphm Iev]n Fp
]dp. (41,3)
kao: {InkvXym\nIfpsS ssZhw kh
\sv CXn\np sXfnbpp. Bbncps
n sNIp m s\ smv ]co n n sX
n\v ? kzbw Adn bp am bn cp sm. GsX
nepw {InkvXym\nv \mev]Xp cmhpw ]Iepw
D]hknm\mIptam? tbip ssZh]p{X\m
bncpspw knnIsfmpw Cmbmfm
bncpspw sXfnbpp. Asn sNIp
371
ms apnhv Ins\ AammsX
mWv? kzbw hnisXs\? ssZhapm
nb Ins\ Bpw Aamm Ignbn
s XmWv knmw. AXp t]mse \nb a
amn a dn m ssZh n\pw Ign bn.
Fs m kh \mb ssZh ns
Fm IrXyfpw IpaXmWv.
65. Fs ]nmse hcphn; Rm \nsf a\pjysc
]nSnphcmpw Fp AhtcmSp ]dp. DSs\
Ah hehntp Ahs\ A\pKanp. (419,20)
kao: ]gb\nbanse ]pIev]\Ifn
Am a tXv "\n\p ZoLm bp p m
Iphm \ns As\bpw Asbbpw _lp
am\n" FXv
10
. tbip kzw amXm]nXm
sf ip{iqjnn. aphsc B ip{iqj
bn\nIn. Cu A]cm[memhmw ZoLm
bpv InmXv. ays hebnsSpn
XImcyw ImWpXpt]mse a\pjysc AI
sSpm tbip HcpaXw \Smn Fv
CXn\nv sXfnbpp. tbip Cs\ Bbn
cp s n Cm es ]mXn cn am a\p
jysc he bn IpSp p Xn Fm Wm
cyw? henb aysf [mcmfw hebnem
ph\v Gsd s]cpabpw ]Whpw InpXp
t]mse hfsctsc aXn]nSnp tNp
h\v IqSpX t]cpw ]Whpw Inpw. thZ
im kv {X ]Tn p Itbm tIp Itbm
sNm ]mhsf hebn IpSpn Ahsc
amXm]nXmfn\npw IpSpw_n\npw
AIpXv CXpsImmWv. Fm t{ijvThn
Zzmampw DNnXw, ChcpsS hebn s]Sm
Xncnbpw A\y s]SpXv XSbpIbpamWv.
66. ]ns tbip Keoebn Hsbpw Npn kcnp
sImp AhcpsS ]nIfn D]tZinbpw cmPyns
kphntijw {]kwKnbpw P\nep kIe Zo\
sbpw hym[nsbbpw kuJyampIbpw sNbv Xp. \m\m
hym[nIfmepw _m[Ifmepw heh, `qX{KkvX,
N{tcmKnI, ]hmXm Cs\ kIehn[ Zo\
m scbpw Ahs ASp sImp hp. Ah
Ahsc kuJyamn. 9423,24)
kao: Cm ev t]m m `kv a anpw
a{w P]npw `qXs HgnpXv t\cmsW
n ]pXnb\nban ]dbp Cmcyhpw
t\cm Wv . Adn hn m ]mh sf IpSpm
\p the c fm Wn sXmw. tbip
CsXms sNbvsXv {InkvXym\nI hniz
knpsn ChnSs tZhnIfpw ss`chn
Ifpw sNpXpw hnizknWw. cpw kam
\amWtm.
67. Bmhn Zcn{Zcmbh `mKyhmam, kzcmPyw
AhpXp...... kXyambnp Rm \ntfmSp ]d
bpp: BImihpw `qanbpw Hgnpt]mIpw hsc kI
ehpw \nhrnbmIpthmfw \ymb{]amWn \nv Hcp
hn sb nepw ]pn sb nepw Hcp \mfpw Hgn p
t]mIbn. BIbm Cu Ghpw sNdnb Iev]\I
fn Hv Agnbpw a\pjysc As\ ]Tnnbpw
sNph kzcmPyn Ghpw sNdnbh Fp
hnfnsSpw. (5. 3,18,19)
kao: kz Kw Hs bp s n Hcp
cmPmth AXn\pmhq. Bmhn Zcn{Zcm
b h scmw kzKp sNm Ahn Ss
cmPym [n Imcw Bm bn cnpw? ]c kv ]cw
ISn ]n Sn Iqn cmPy hy h Xmdp am dm pw.
Bmhn Zcn{Z FXn\v ]Wanmh
F Aw icn b . Albnm h
FXpw icn b . cn\pw Aw sht
sd bm Wv . Bm hn Zcn {Z\v Hcn epw
ktmjw Dmhn. AXn\m CXpw icn
b `qanbpw kzKhpw \ne\nevp Ime
tmfw Cu \nbaw \ne\nevpsap ]dbp
Xv a\pjy Dmnb\nbat tNcq.
kh\mb CuizctXn\p tNcpIbn.
Cu B I ]men m h kz K
cmPyn Ghpw sNdnbh Fp ]d
Xv {]tem`\hpw òWnbpamWv.
68. Rv Bhiyap Blmcw CpXtcWta.....
Cu `qanbn \n \nt]w kzcq]ncpXv. (611,19)
kao: tbip P\n Imev AhnSps
P\ A]cnjvIrXcpw Zcn{Zcpambncpsv
CXn \np sXfnbpp. {InkvXphpw ]mh
s h \m bn cp p. AXmWv A t p
Blmcw CcpXpw Ccm ]Tnnp
Xpw. As\bmsWn {InkvXym\nI [\
kbw sNpsXn\v? {InkvXphns hN
\n\p hncpambn \SmsX, Fmw Zm\
]p Wy sNbv Xv ]mcm I bmWv Ah
sNtXv.
69. FtmSp Imth, Imth Fp ]dbph
Gh\pa kzKcmPyn ISpXv. (7.21)
kao: henb ]mXncnamcpw _njpamcpw
{InkvXym\nIfpw {InkvXphns Cu hN\w
10. ]pdmSv. 20.12
372
kXyamsWp [cnv {InkvXphns\ Im
shtm ssZhsatm hnfncpXv. hnfnm
Hcnepw ]m]apnbpmhpIbn.
70......]ecpw B \mfn FtmSp ]dbpw. Ap Rm
Ah tcmSp; Rm Hcp \mfpw \nsf Adn n n .
A[w {]hnphtcm, Fshnp t]mIphn
Fp Xop ]dbpw. (722,23)
kao: t\mqI. Impa\pjysc hnizkn
nm {InkvXp kzbw kzKnse \ymbm
[n] NabpIbmWv. CsXmw Adnhnm
hsc {]tem`nnm sImmw.
71. Atm Hcp IpjvTtcmKn hp Ahs\ \akvI
cnp. Imth \n\p a\psn Fs ip
amphm Ignbpw Fp ]dp. Ah ssI\on
Ahs\ sXmp F\npa\pp, \o ipamI Fp
]dp. DSs\ IpjvTw amdn Ah ipambn. (8,23)
kao: CsXmw Adnhnmhsc AIs
Sp m \p Imcy fm Wv . {Inkv Xym \n I
hnZybv pw krjv Sn {Ia n\pw hncp amb
Ccw Imcy hniz kn p p sh n
]pcm W nepw alm `m cX nepw ip{Im Nm
cy [\zcn, Iiy] apXembhscn Fgp
Xnhnp ""acn At\Iw ssZXyssk\n
Isc Pohnnp.'' _rlkv]XnbpsS ]p{X\mb
INs\ Xpw Xp amn arK pw
aypw Xnm sImSpp. Fnpw
ip{ImNmcy INs\ Pohnnp. ]ns IN
s\sImv ip{ImNmcyp Xnm sImSpp.
Fnpw IN ip{ImNmcycpsS hbn\np
Poht\msS ]pdphp. ip{ImNmcy acnp,
IN ip{Is\ Pohnnp. Iiy]Ejn X
Is\smv `kvaamn acsbpw a\pjy
s\bpw ]p\Pohnnp. [\zcn eW
n\v arXsc Pohnnp. eWn\v IpjvS
tcmKnIsfbpw Ascbpw _[ncscbpw kpJ
sSpn XpSnb IYI FpsImv hniz
kn p n? Ch anYy bm sW n {Inkv Xp
hns IYI FpsImv anYyb? ap
hcpsS IYI Iw, XfpsS I
kXyw Fp ]dbpXv aSapjvSnbmsX
mWv? CsXmw XnIpw _meniamWv.
72. cp `qX{KkvX ihdIfn \np ]pdsp
Ahp FXnsc hp Ah AXyp{Km Bbncp
XpsImv Bpw B hgn \Sp IqSmp. Ah
\nehnfnp. ssZh]p{X! Rpw \n\pwXn
Fp? kabn\papp Rsf ZWvUnnm ChnsS
hpthm Fp ]dp.... `qX Aht\mSp Rsf
]pd m pp Fn ]n q n tep Ab
bvtWw Fp At]np. s]mbvsmhn Fp
Ah AhtcmSp ]dp. Ah ]pdsp ]nIfn
tep sNp. B Iq Fmw ISppqsS IS
entep ]mp shn apnp. (828,29,31,32)
kao: CsXmw ]amsWv Aev]
amtemNnm a\nemIpw. acnh Hcnepw
Idbn \np ]pdphcn. Ah Bcp
sS b Sppw sNp Itbm kwkm cn p Itbm
C. CsXmw Am\nIfpsS IYbmWv .
ipImSmt CsXmw hnizknm Ign
bq. ]ns B ]n q s \in n Xn
sbpw AhbpsS DSabvp hcpnb \jvS
nsbpw ]m]w {InkvXphn\mWv GncnpI!
]m]w anbpw ]cnipampIbpw sNp
bmfmWv {InkvXpshn FpsImv B
`qXsf ]cnipoIcnn? ]nqns
DS a bpsS \jv Sw \nI m sXv ? C m
es kpinnXcmb Cwojp{InkvXym\n
I CsXms hnizknptm? Fn Ah
AXbpsS hebn s]ncnpp.
73. AhnsS Nne InSta InSp Hcp ]hmX
mcs\ Ahs ASp sImphp. tbip Ah
cpsS hnizmkw Ip ] hm X m c t\mSp: aIt\
ss[cyambncn; \ns ]m] tamNnpXncnpp
Fp ]dp.... Rm \oXnammsc A ]m]nIsf
At{X hnfnm hXp Fp ]dp. (9, 213)
kao: apI fn se gp Xn b Xp t]mse CXpw
Akw`hyamWv. ]m]w anpsap ]dbp
Xv Adn hn m hsc hi s Sp m \p
{]tem`\amWv. Hcph Ign aZynsbpw
Imhnsbpw Idpnsbpw elcn asmcp
h\v Inn. AXpt]mse Hcm sNbvX ]m]
êw A]cs ] sNpIbn. sNp
h Xs A\p`hnWw. CXmWv Cuizc
\v n baw. Hcp h sNbv X ]m] ]p Wy fpsS
êw asmcph\p e`npItbm, \ymbm[n]
kzbw Gs Sp p Itbm, sNbv X h\v bYm
tbmKyw êw e`nmXncnpItbm BsW
n Cuizc A\ymbmc\mbntmIpw.
t\mq! [aamWv awKf{]Zw. tbipthm atm
A. [ammv tbiphns\tbm atm
th. AXpt]mse ]m]n Ipw. Fs
m BcpsSbpw ]m]w hnsmgnbpIbn.
74. A\cw Ah Xs ]{pinjymtcbpw ASp
hnfnp Aipmmsf ]pdmphm\pw kI
ehn[ Zo\hpw hym[nbpw s]mdnnm\pw Ahp A[n
Imcw sImSpp..... ]dbpXp \n A \nfn
373
]dbp \nfpsS ]nXmhns Bmht{X...... Rm
`qanbn kam[m\w hcpphm hp Fp \ncq]n
cpXp. kam[m\w A. hm At{X hcpphm
Rm hXp. a\pjys\ Xs At\mSpw aIsf A
tbmSpw acpaIsf AmhnbtbmSpw t`Znm\t{X Rm
hXp. a\pjys hopIm Xt Ahs i{Xp
BIpw. (101,20,3436)
kao: Ch B injymXs. apXp
shn m in\v tbip hns\ Hn b h sbpw
th]ncnp anfhcptSbpw kwLw.
`qXw _m[npI, AsXmgnnpI, acppw
]Yyhpw IqSmsX tcmKw amdp I, C sXmw
hnZybvpw krjvSnIn\pw hncpamWv.
AXn\m ARvPm\nIt CsXms hniz
knm Ignbq. a\pjycn kwkmcnpXv
ssZhamsWn, Pohmmhv Fp sNpp?
kXytam Itam ]d bp Xns kpJ Zp J
Cuizc\v A\p`hntn hcn? CXp
Hcp anYybt? tbip Ielnnm\pw `nn
n m \p amWv h sX n AXp \nan
amhmw Cp a\pjynSbn Ielw hn
ncnpXv. `nnnXv a\pjypw ZpxJw
DmIpXv F{Xtbm NobmWv. {InkvXym
\nI CXv Kpcpa{ambn kzoIcnnpmhmw.
`n n v tbip hn \v Cjv S am sW n
ChspsImv BbnqSm? CXv then
hnfhp XnpXpt]msebmbn. t{ijvTmv
tN X n Xv .
75. \nfpsS ] F{X Aw Dp Fp tbip
tNmZnp: Ggp. Ipsd sNdpao\pw Dp Fp ]dp.
Ah ]pcpjmctmSp \nencnm Iev]np. B
Fgp Ahpw ao\pw FSpp hmgvn \pdpn injy
mcpsS ]epw injym ]pcpjmcnpw sImSp
p. Fmhcpw Xnp Xr]vXcmbn. tijn IjWw
Ah Ggphn \ndsSpp. Xnhtcm kv{XoIsfbpw
ss]Xtfbpw IqSmsX \membncw ]pcpjm Bbn
cpp. (15,3438)
kao: CXv Cs knmcpw C{Pme
mcpw sNpXpt]mep IsIt? B
AfpsS IqsS thsd thsd Aw FhnSp
php. tbiphn Ccw knnIfpmbn
cp s n kzbw hniv An g n \p
thn sImXn sX n\v ? ê fpw Dm
msXv ? CsXmw _meniw Xs.
F{Xtbm sshcmKnIfpw knmcpw Ccw
Ic Imn km[psf IpSppp!
AXnep]cnbnXv .
76. Atm Ah Htcmcppw Ahs {]hrnp
Xhw ]Icw \evIpw. (16,27)
kao: In\\pkcnv êw e`np
san ]m]w ansSpsav {InkvXym\n
I D]tZinpXp shdpsXbmWv. AXv icn
sbn CXv sXv. anmXv anbpw
]mSn mXv an mXn cn bp w
sNpsap]d bp ]w AXpw icn b .
Fsm Iêw ]qWambpw \evIm
Xncpm \ymbhpw Zbbpw ]qWamhpIbn
.
77. Ahnizmkhpw tImhpap Xeapdtb, F{Xtmfw
Rm \ntfmSpIqsS Ccnpw? F{Xtmfw \nsf
klnpw? Ahs\ Fs ASp sImphcphn.......
\np ISpIpaWntbmfw hnizmkw Dsn Cu
aetbmSp: Atmp \opI Fp]dm AXp
\opw. \nv Hpw AkmyamIbpan. (1717.20)
kao: "hcphn RfpsS aXn, ]m]w
s]mdpsSpw. kzKcmPyw \npXv'
Fp {]kwKnp \Sp {InkvXym\nI
]dbpsXmw shdpsXbmWv. {InkvXphn
]m]w CmXmpXn\pw hnizmkw P\nn
pXn\pw ipoIcnpXn\pap Ignhp
mbncpsn Xs injymcpsS Bm
sf ]m]clnXhpw hnizmkapXpw ]hn
{Xhpw Bm Xn cp sX mWv ? tbip hns
IqsS \Shsc hnizmknIfpw \sNp
h cp am m Ign bm bm acn p I gn v
FhnsSbmsWv Bdnbmw. Cu kabw
Bscbpw GXm bmepw ]hn {X am p I bn .
{InkvXp injym ISpInS hnizmkanm
hcmbncpp. AhcmWo ]pXnb \nbaw Dm
nbXv AXn\m CXp {]amWamhpIbn.
Fs m Ahn izm kn Ifpw, Aip m m
fpw, A[anIfpamb a\pjy FgpXnbh
hniz kn p Xv \ bm {K ln p a\p
jyp tN X . {Inkv Xp hns hN\w
kXy am sW n Hcp {Inkv Xym \npw ISp
InaWntbmfw hnizmktam \tbm Csv
CXn\nv sXfnbpp. C\n Bm\pw apgp
ht\m Aev]tam hnizmkapsp ]dbps
n B ]Xs hgnbn\np amnm
phm ]dbWw. amnbm, apgph\pan. ISp
InaWntbmfw hnizmkta Dsp hcpp.
amnbnsntem, hnizmknstbm \bp
tStbm IWnIt]mepan Zpc`nam\hpw apamWv
ChnsS ]hXsap ]dncnpXv Bsc
374
nepw ]dbp ]w AXpw icnb Fs
m acnh A, IpjvStcmKnI apX
embhscmw t\scbmnsbp ]dbpXn\v
thsd Asampantm. Dsn, aSn
bmscbpw Am\nIsfbpw hnjbmk
scbpw {`mmscbpw t_m[aphcmnsb
mhmw. Cs\ hnizknpXpw icnb.
kzinjymsc Cs\ t\scbmmsX
mWv? kw`hnmXv ]dbpXv {InkvXp
hns AXsb shfnhmpp {InkvXp
hn\v Aev]sanepw hnZym`ymkapmbncps
n Cs\ A]cnjvIrXamb Imcy ]d
bp am bn cp n . Fnepw "b{ tZ ti {Zptam
\mkvXn Xss{XcWvtU f ]n{ZpambtX' aqn
m cm Pyp apdn aq cmPmhv F hw
XnI AhnZzmmcpsS \mn tbip KW
\ob\mbncpp. ]t CXv \SpIbn
tm.
78. \n Xncnp inipsftmse Bbvhcpn
Fn kzcmPyn ISbn Fp Rm kXy
ambnp \ntfmSp ]dbpp. (183)
kao: kzw C bm a\ kp am p Xv
kzK{]m]vXnpw ammXv \cIn\pw Imc
W am Ip sa n , Bpw asm cm fn s
]m]tam ]pWytam GsSpm km[yas
p h cp p . { In kv Xp hn s hmp I
hnZybvpw krjvSn{Ian\pw hfsc hncp
amsWv. inipsftmse BbvhcWsa
{]kvXmhn \np hyamIpp. Bfp
I IpnIsftmse Xs hmpI tI
W sapw adn smpw tNmZn cp sXpw
{Inkv Xp hn\p hnNm c ap m bn cp p. I Sv
hnizknXs! anhmdpw {InkvXym\nI
_me_pnIsftmsebmWv s]cpamdpXv.
Asn bpnpw _pnpw hncpamb
Imcy Fn\p hniz kn pp? kzbw
hnZymlo\\pw _me_pnbpambncpsn
A\ysc As\bmphm {InkvXp D]tZ
inpIbnmbncpp. Xstmse aph
scbpw BWsat As\bph hnNm
cnq.
79. tbip Xs injymtcmSp: [\hm kzcmPyn
ISpXp {]bmkw Xt Fp Rm kXyambnp
\ntfmSp ]dbpp. [\hm ssZhcmPyn ISp
Xn t\ m HIw kqNn p g en eqsS IS p Xp
Ffpw Fpw Rm \ntfmSp ]dbpp Fp ]d
p. (19.2324)
kao: CXn\nv {InkvXp Zcn{Z\mbncp
sp sXfnbpp. [\hmam Atls
hIhnn. AXmWns\ ]dXv. ]t
CXp kXya. Fsm [\hmmcnepw
Zcn{Zcnepw \hcpw NoIfpw ImWpw. \Xp
sNp h \Xpw No sN p h
Nobpw ê t\Sp p. kzK cmPyw
GtXm Hcp {]tXyI emsWpw kh
{ X b spw tbip hn iz kn n cp sv
CXn\np sXfnbpp. As\bmsWn
B ssZhw ssZha. ssZhcmPyw kh{Xbm
Wv. ]ns AXn {]thinpI, {]thinm
Xn cnpI Fsmw ]d bp Xp shdpw
Am\amWv. ChnsS asmpIqSn {InkvXym
\n I fmb [\m Vy m scmw \c I nte
t]mIpthm? Zcn {Z scmw kz K nepw?
[\mVy Ah cpsS ] ep sFizcyw
kmKnep]tbmKnm Zcn{Z IjvSs
SmXncnbpw ]pWyw t\Sp [\hmmv
kzKw e`npIbpw sNp Imcyw tbip
NnntXmbncpp. Ipd]w Zcn{Z
c hn sS n Sp Ibpw Z\m Vy kzK n
FpIbpw sNbvtXs\.
80. tbip Ah tcmSp ]dXp: Fs A\p K an n
cnp \n ]p\\\n a\pjy]p{X Xs
alXzns knwlmk\n Ccnptm \nfpw
]{p knwlmk\n Ccpp C{kmtb tKm{Xw
]{n\p \ymbwhn[npw Fp Rm kXyambnp
\ntfmSp]dbpp. Fs \maw \nanw hoSpIsftbm
ktlm Z c m sctbm ktlm Z cn I tftbm A s\tbm
Asbtbm asftbm hnpIfhp Fmw \qdp
aSp e`npw Ah \nXyPohs\bpw AhImiampw.
(19,2829)
kao: t\mq. tbiphns DpIn shfn
hmIpXv. Nmepw Xs hebn \nv
a\pjy cs]ScpXv. apXp shnmins
tem`n\Snabmbn kzw Kpcphns\ HpsIm
Sp ]m]nIfpw knwlmk\nencnpat{X.
]]mX tmsS C{kmtb Ipe ns
\ymbw hn[npI am{Xa, AhcpsS Fm]m
]fpw s]mdpv, aphcpsS ta \ymbw
\SpIbpw sNpw. CXn\memhmw {InkvXym
\n I {Inkv Xym\n I tfmSv ] ]m X ]qhw
shmc Idpbmsf sImm \nc]
cm[nbmbn hn[nv shdpsX hnSpXv.
11
C
11. Amev shmscn HcSnacmPymcCs\
375
s\ bm hWw {Inkv Xp hns kzK nse
\ymb\ S npw. CXp \nanw asmcp
tZmjhpw kw` hnpw. Hcm krjv Sn bpsS
XpSnepw asmcm \ymbhn[n \mfns
sXmp ap\mfnepw acnp. BZysbm F{X
\m \ymbhn[nbpw Imp InSWw. cm
a\v DS\Sn \ymbw e`nbpw sNpp. CsX
\ym b amWv ? AXp t]mse \c I n
t]mIp h Fpw \c I n InS pw.
kzKnt]mIph Fpw AhnsSbpw.
CXp henb A\ymbamWv. Fsm A
ap IafpsS êhpw AapXmbncn
Ww. AXpt]mse cp Pohmmv
Xpeyamb ]m]hpw ]pWyhpw DmhpIbn.
AXpsImv A[nIhpw Ipdhpamb kpJZpx
JtfmSpIqSnb Htsd kzK\cI Dm
bncnWw. Fnte Htcmcppw Ahc
h cpsS Ia \pk cnv kpJ Zpx J
A\p`hnm Ignbq. Cs\ Cu ]pkvXI
n HcnSpw bpnsm hyhbn.
AXn\m CXv CuizcIrXtam {InkvXp ssZh
]p{Xt\m A.
Bpw \qdp\qdp A\am Dmhm
hgnbn. Dsn AXv A\YIcamhpw.
Hcmv Hcbpw, Hc\pta Dq. Hcmv
Fgp]ncp kv{XoI kzKn Inp
sav Jp B\n FgpXnbncnpXv Chn
sS\np ISwsImXmhWw.
81. cmhnse Ah \Kcntep aSntmIp kabw
hni np hgn b cnsI Hc n hrw Ip. ASp s
sNp. AXn CebmsX Hpw ImWmbvIbm C\n
\nn Hcp \mfpw êw DmImsX t]mIs Fp
AXnt\mSp ]dp. Wn An DWntmbn.
(21, 1819)
kao: Fm ]mXncnamcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw
{InkvXp, almim\pw a: t{Im[cmlnXyw
apXembhbpbmfpambncpsv ]dbmdpv.
Fm CXp t\mptm tZzjmc\pw
EXpm\w Cmbmfpambncpsp a\
nemIpp. Impa\pjycpsS kz`mhw hnncp
pan. PUhkvXphmb hrw Fp ]ngp
AXns\ i]npWm? i]nm hrap
WpIbn. hacppw Hgnv DWnbXm
sWn AXn Bcyhpw th.
82. B Imense IjvSw Ign DSs\ kqcy Ccp
pt]mIpw. N{ {]Imiw sImSpmXncnpw. \
{X BImip\npw hogpw. BIminse in
I CfIntmIpw.
kao: Cutimtb! CXpsImmw. \{X
hogpsav GXp hnZysImmWv Ip
]n Sn Xv ? BIm i nse Cf Ip in
GXmWv? Aev]sanepw Adnhpmbncps
n Chsbmw `qtKmffmsWpw hogp
Ibnspw Adnbpambncpp. Bimcnhwi
n emWv tbip P\n sXpw ac Wn I
am{Xta sNbvXncppspw Dulnmw. Cu
Imp{]tZiv, X\npw {]hmNI\mImsap
`qtXm Z b ap m bn mWpw. {]h N \hpw
XpSn! Atlw \ Imcytfm No
mcy ]dnpv. B tZis Impa
\p jy AsXmw AwKo I cn p. C s
tmse ]ptcm K Xn bpsS ]mX bn em bn cpp
Ap bqtdmsn CsXmpw Ah kzoI
cnnmbncpp. Ctm Iptd hnZym`ymkap
mbnpw \mp\Spw imTyhpw \nanw Cu
Ignm aXw hnv kXyamb thZamK
ntep XncnbmXv ChcpsS IpdhpXs.
83. BImihpw `qanbpw Hgnpt]mIpw. Fs hN\
tfm Hgnpt]mIbn. (2435)
kao: CXpw Ahn Zy bpsSbpw A X
bpsSbpw hmpIfmWv. BImiw Ftmm
sWm gn bpI? AXn kq jv a am I bm AZr iy
amb BImiw Hgn bp Xv Bcv Fs\
ImWpw? kzbw henw ]dbpXv \hp
tN X .
84. ]ns Ah CSphtcmSp: i]nshtc
Fshnp ]nimNnpw Ahs ZqXmpw Hcpn
bncnp \nXymnbntep t]mIphn. (2541)
kao: CsX{Xb[nIw ]]mX]camWv!
Xs in jyv kz Kw, ap hv
\nXymn! BImiw Xs CmXmIpsap
]d nXnv , \nXy \ c Ihpw Anbpw
kzKhpw Fhn sS bp m Im \mWv ? ssZhw
sNIp m s\bpw Ahs ZqX m scbpw
krjvSnnmbncpsn C{Xbpw \cI
Xm dm tI n h cp am bn cptm? sNIp m
t]Snm ssZhw Fp ssZhamWv? ssZh
11. FgpXpXv kev]nXoXambncpp. kzmanPn
bpsS `banmbv abpsS asmcp sXfnhmWnXv . BZys
aebmf XPabn Cu `mKw hnpIfnpv. 1933
emWv AXv {]km[\w sNbvXXv.
376
Zq X \mb sNIp m ssZh i {Xp hmbn!
t\ct Chs\ ]nSnv Imcm Kr l neS
bvmt\m \innbvmt\m Ignbm ssZh
n Fp ssZhXzamWpXv ? \mev ]Xp
\m tbiphns\ D]{Zhnnpw Hpw sNm
Ign bm Xn cp tbip hns ssZh ]p {XXzw
hyYw Xs. AXn\m tbip ssZh]p{Xt\m
ss__nfnse ssZhw ssZhtam A.
85. Aphncph\n Hcph\mb bqZm CkvItcym
mhv alm]ptcmlnXmcpsS ASpsNp. \n
Fp Xcpw? Rm Ahs\ ImWnpXcmw Fp ]d
p. Ah Ahp apXp shnmipXqnsmSp
p. (26, 1415)
kao: tbiphns Fm AZv`pXIrXy
fpsSbpw ssZhoIXbpsSbpw In shfnhmIp
Xp t\mp I. k X k l Nm cn bm bn cp
kzw injys\ ]cnip\mm Ignbm
bm acnXn\ptijw Bsc ]cnip\mp
sa mWv ? hnizmknI F{X tb sd bmWv
hnXcmIpXv? Pohnncns injymsc
KpWsSpmbm acnXn\ptijw Fp
sNpsamWv?
86. Ah `nptm tbip Aw FSpp hmgvn
\pdpn injymp sImSpp. hmn `nn; CXp
Fs icocw Fp ]dp ]ns ]m\]m{Xw FSpp
kv tXm{Xw sNmn Ahp sImSpp. Fmhcpw CXn
\np IpSnn. CXv At\Ipthn ]m]tamN\
nmbn sNmcnbp ]pXnb \nban\p Fs
cw (26,2628)
kao: ]cnjvIrX\mb Bscnepw Cs\
sNptam? injymv Xnm sImSpp
Xv Xs amwkhpw IpSnm sImSpp
Xv chpamsWv AhnZzm\mb Impa\p
jyt\ ]d bq. CXn s\ bmWv Cm es
{Inkv Xym \n I Ip_m\ ssIsm p I
sbv ]d bp Xv . `y t] b {Inkv Xp
hns chpw amwkhpamsWp kev]np
IgnpXv F{XtamisImcyamWv! kzw
Kp cp hn s c amw km Zn I fm sWp
kev ]np `n p hv A\y cp tSXv
Fs\ \njnamIpw?
87. ]t{Xm kn s\bpw sks_ Zn ]p {X m Ccp h scbpw
IqnsmpsNp ZpxJnpw hymIpespw XpSn.
Fs Dw ac W th Z \ t]mse AXn ZpxJn X am bn
cnpp. ChnsS Xmaknp FtmSpIqsS DWncn
n Fp AhtcmSp ]dp. ]ns Ah Aev]w
aptmpsNp. IhnphoWp. ]nXmth Ignbpsan
Cu ]m\ ]m{Xw F \np \on t]m tI W ta.
Fnepw Rm Cn pw t]mseb \o Cnpw
t]msebmIs Fp {]mnp.
kao: t\mq, {InkvXp shdpw a\pjy\
msX ssZh ]p {Xt\m {XnIm e Zintbm
hnZzmt\m Bbncpsn Ccw AtbmKy
amb tNjv S I Imp I bn m bn cp p .
CXn\np kv]jvSambn Adnbphm Ign
bp Xv , Xm ssZh ]p {X\pw {XnIm e m
\nbpw ]m]n Isf cn p h \p amsWv
kzbw Iw ]c p I bm W t{X. Atlw
shdp samcp ]mh m \m bn cp p. knt\m
hnZzmt\m tbmKntbm Bbncpn.
88. Ah kwkmcnptm Xt, ]ncphcn Hcp
\mb bqZbpw Aht\mSp IqsS alm]ptcmlnXmcpw
P\ns aqmcpw Ab hensbmcp ]pcpjmchpw
hmfpw hSnbpambn hp. Ahs\ ImWnpsImSpp
h; Rm Ghs\ Npw_nptam AhXs BIp
p. Ahs\ ]nSnpsImhn Fp Ahp Hcp AS
bmfw sImSpncpp. DS Ah tbiphns ASp
sNv do h\w Fp]dp Ahs\ Npw_n
p. Ah ASpp tbiphnt ssIhp Ahs\ ]nSn
p...... Atm injym Fmhcpw Ahs\hnp HmSn
tmbn..... IkmnI ]ecpw hnpw ]nbn. HSp
hn cp t] hp. ssZh a ncw s]mfnp aqp
Znhkw sImp hopw ]Wnhm F\np Ignbpw
Fp Ah ]dp Fp t_m[nnp. alm]ptcm
lnX Fgpttddp Aht\mSp: \o Hcpchpw ]dbp
ntbm? Ch \ns t\sc kmyw ]dbpXp Fp
sNp tNmZnp. tbmipthm anmXncpp. alm]ptcm
lnX ]nsbpw Aht\mSp \o ssZh]p{X\mb {Inkv Xp
Xstbm? ]dI Fp Rm Poh\p ssZhs
smp \ntmSp BWbnp tNmZnpp Fp ]d
p. tbip Aht\mSp Rm BIpp...... Fp ]dp
DSs\ ]ptcmlnX hkv{Xw Iodn; Ch ssZhZqjWw
]dp C\n kmnIsfsmp \app FpImcyw?
\n Ctm ssZhZqjWw tIphtm; \np
FptXmpp Fp tNmZnXnp Ah acWtbm
Ky Fp Ah Dcw ]d p. Atm Ah
Ahs apJp Xpn. Ahs\ apjvSnNpcpn Ipn.
Nne Ahs\ ISnp; tl, {InkvXpth \ns
XnbXp B Fp RtfmSp {]hNn Fp ]d
p...... ]t{Xmkv ]pdp \Spapncpp. Ahs
ASp Hcp themcn hp. \obpw Keoemc\mb
tbip hns IqsS Bbn cp p htm Fp ]d p.
AXnp Ah \o ]dbpXp F\np Xncnbpn
Fp Fmhcpw tIs Xndp. ]ns Ah
]Snpcbntep ]pdsSptm asmcpn Ahs\
Ip. AhnsSbphtcmSp Ch\pw \{kmb\mb tbip
hnt\mSpIqsS Bbncpp Fp ]dp. B a\pjys\
Rm Adnbpn Fp Ah cmaXpw BWtbmsS
Xndp..... Atm Ah B a\pjys\ Rm
Adn bp n Fp {]mIp hm\pw AW bn Sp hm\pw
XpSn. (26, 4750,56,6172,74)
377
kao: t\mq. kzw injys\tmepw Dd
np \nphm Ctln\p Ignn.
{]mW t]mbmepw shSnbcpXm Kpcphns\
tem`wsImv HpIbpw, {]mIpIbpw, Xn
dIbpw Ifnnbpw sNpp! {InkvXphn\v
AZv`pXinsbmpw Cmbncpp. ]gb\n
ban temIns hon cpt] AXn
YnIfmbn cm]mtm Ahs hoSm{Ian
p, Ahv B_mehrw AX]nSns]p
Fv (Dev ]n 19 11) Fgp Xn bn p v . CXv
Akw `hyamsW nepwIqSn, C{X t]mepw
in { In kv Xp hn \n m bn cp p . Cv
Fsmw inIfmWv {InkvXphn Btcm
]n n p Xv ? Cu Zpa c W s m tZZw
kam[n {]m]ntbm BlXy sNbvItbm
Bbncpp. ]t hnZymclnX\v Cu _pn
Fs\ tXmm? {Inkv Xp hopw ]d
bpp:
89. Fs ]nXmhnt\mSp CtmXs ]{p temKy
\nepw A[nIw ZqXmsc Fs AcnsI \nt
Xnp F\np At]np IqSm Fp tXmppthm?
(26,53)
kao: ò Wn s Sp p Ibpw Xsbpw
]nXmhnsbpw alXzw hmgvpIbpw sNp
snepw Hpw sNpn. alm ]ptcmln
X ""\o Hcp Dchpw ]dbpntbm Ch
\ns t\sc kmyw ]dbpXp Fp'' Fp
tNmZn tm Hcp chpw ]d bm Xn cp Xv
Bcyw Xs. CsXmpw icnbmbn. kXyw
Fmbmepw Xpdp ]dbpXmbncpp \
Xv. hp ]dXv DNnXambn. tbiphn
Ipw Npan h[nXpw DNnXambn.
Ah Npa nb A] cm [ sampw tbip
sNbvXn. ImpPmXnmcmb Ahv \ymb
t_m[w DmIpsXs\? tbip ssZh
]p{X\mbn NabmXncnbpw Ah Atl
tmsS A\ymbw sNmXncnbpambncpp
thXv. ]t C{X Adnhpw [at_m[hpw
\ymb ioehpw FhnSppmIm\mWv?
90. Fm tbip \mSphmgnbpsS apmsI \np. \o
blqZmcpsS cmPmthm Fp \mSphmgn tNmZnp. Rm
BIpp Fp tbip Aht\mSp ]dp. alm]ptcm
lnXmcpw aqmcpw Ipw NpapIbn Ah Hpw
Dcw ]dn. ]nemtmkv Aht\mSp: Ch \ns
t\sc Fsmw kmyw ]dbpp Fp tIpn
tbm Fp tNmZnp. Ah Hcp hmn\pw Dcw
]dbmbvIbm \mSphmgn AXyw Bcysp.......
]nemtmkv AhtcmSv ; {Inkv Xp F tbiphns\ Fp
sNtp Fp tNmZnXnp: Ahs\ {IqintWw
Fp Fmhcpw ]dp..... A\cw \mSphmgnbpsS
]SbmfnI tbiphns\ Am\ntep sImp
t]mbn ]mfs Fmw Ahs t\tchcpn. Ahs
hkv{Xw Agnv Hcp Nph taen [cnnp. app
sImp Hcp IncoSw saSp Ahs Xebn shp
hen Hcp tImepw sImSpp Ahs apn app
Ipn; blqZmcpsS cmPmth Pb Pb Fp ]cnl
knp ]d p. ]ns Ahs ta Xpn. tIm
FSpv Ahs Xebn ASnp. Ahs\ ]cnlknp
Xotm taen \on Ahs hkv{Xw [cnnp
{Iqinm sImp]bn....... XetbmSnSw Fap
tKmtKmYm F ev Fn b tm Ah\p
ssIpIenb hop IpSnm sImSpp. AXp cpNn
t\mnbmsd Ahp IpSnm a\mbn Ahs\
{Iqin Xdtijw....... Ahs IpkwKXn FgpXn
Ahs XebvpaosX hp. hepw CSpambn cp
I mscbpw Ah t\m Sp IqsS {Iqin p. IS p t]m
IphXeIpepn Ahs\ Zpjnp. ancw s]mfnp
aqp \msImp ]Wnbpht\ \ntt cn
, ssZh]p{X Fn {Iqin \npw Cdnhm Fp
]dp. As\ Xt alm]ptcmlnXmcpw imkv{Xn
amcpw aqmcpw ]cnlknp Ch aphsc cn
p, Xsm cnm IgnIbn, Ah bn{kmtb
ens cmPmhp BIpp Fn Ctm {Iqin \np
Cdn hcs, Fm R Ah\n hnizknpw.
Ah ssZhn B{ibnpp; Ahp Ch\n
{]kmZapsn Ctm hnSphns, Rm ssZh]p
{X Fp Ah ]dphtm Fp ]dp. A
s\ Xt Ah t\mSp IqsS {Iqin n cp I mcpw
Ahs\ \nnp.
Bdmw aWnt\cw apX HXmw aWnt\cw
hsc tZip Fmw Ccppmbn. GItZiw HXmw
aWnt\cp tbip: Feo Geo ei_m\n Fp
Dds \nehnfnp: Fs ssZhta Fs ssZhta \o
Fs ssIhnXp F Fw. AhnsS \nncp
hcn Nne AXptInp: Ah Genbmsh hnfnpp
Fp ]dp. DSs\ Ah cn Hcp HmSn Hcp
kv t]mv FSpp ]pfn hop \nsdp HmS
nta Bn Ahp IpSnm sImSpp. tbip
]nsbpw Dds \nehnfnp {]mWs\ hnp. (27, 1114,
21 23, 2631, 3335, 3748, 50)
kao: B ZpjvSm tbiphnt\mSp ISp
{IqcXImn. tbiphnsbpw sXpv. ssZh
n\p ]p{X\n. ssZhw BcpsSbpw ]nXmhp
a Bbm ssZhn\v izipc\pw kyme\pw
apw DmIWw. \mSphmgn tNmZnXn\v kXy
amb Dcw \evtIXmbncpp. t\cs
AZv`pXIrXy sNbvXnpmbncpsn
Ctmgpw Ipcn in\n n dn kh am \
htcbpw injycmtXmbncpp. IqSmsX,
ssZh ns ]p{X \m bn cp s n, ssZhw
378
Atls cnts\. tbip {XnIme Zin
bmbncpsn hon ssIbv Ien
smSpXv cpNnpt\mmsX Dt]nmam
bncpp. knnI hXpw Dmbncpsn
Fn\v Dds \nehnfnv {]mW shSnb
Ww? Hcph F{X kmay Imnbmepw
icn, Ahkm\w Ihpw kXyhpw thXncn
bpsav AdnbWw. tbip B Impa\pjysc
m \ h \m bn cp sv sXfn bp p.
Fm knt\m, ssZh]p{Xt\m, hnZzmt\m
Ambncpp. Bbncpsn ZpxJm\p`hw
Dmhpambncpn.
91. s]sp hensbmcp `qIw Dmbn. Imhns
ZqX kzn\nv Cdnhp Ipcpn \on AXn
t Ccpncpp...... Ah ChnsS C. Xm ]d
Xpt]mse Dbnsgptp. Ah InS ew
hp Imn...... As\ Ah thKn Ahs
injymtcmSp Adnbnm HmSntmbn. Fm tbip
Ahsc FXntcp. \np h\w Fp ]dp.
Ah ASppsNp Ahs Im ]nSnp Ahs\ \
akvIcnp. tbip AhtcmSpw `bstS \n t]mbn
Fs ktlmZcmtcmSp Keotep t]mIphm ]dhn
AhnsS Ah Fs ImWpw Fp ]dp....... F
m ]Xns\mp injym Keoebntbip AhtcmSp
Iev]nncp aep t]mbn. Ahs\ Itm Ah
\akvIcnp. Nnetcm kwibnp. tbip ASppsNp
kznepw `qanbnepw kIe A[nImchpw F\np
\evIsncnpp...... Rmt\m temImhkm\tmfhpw
\ntfmSpIqsS Dp Fp AcpfnsbvXp. (28,2,6,9,10,16
18, 20)
kao: CXpw hnizknm\mhp Imcya.
Fsm krjvSn{Ian\pw, hnZybvpw
hncpamWnXv. ssZhn\p ZqXmcpmhp
I, Ahsc Apanpw AbbvpI, apI
fn\nndn hcnI, CsXmwsImv ssZh
ns\ IfIvScpw XlioZmcpampIbt?
AtX icocn kzKpt]mbn, Dbs
gpttm? B kv{XoI ]mZw sXmp hns
n icocw Dm bn cn Ww. aqpZnh kw
sImv icocw PonmXncpsXv? `qan
bnepw kzKnepap kIe A[nImcfpw
F\np \evIsncnpp Fp {InkvXp
]d Xv B {] iw k bm Wv . injy msc
Ispw AhtcmSp kwkmcnspw ]dbp
Xpw icn b . CsXms icn bm sW n
Cpw Bsc n ep samw Dbs gp t
ev bpw DS temsS kzK p t]m hp Ibpw
sNmsXmWv?
ambnbpsS kphntijsn Npcpn
sbgpXn. C\n asmkns kphntijs
n FgpXmw.
asmkns kphntijw
92 Ch X\tbm? (6 . 3)
kao: Htkv Hcmimcn Bbncpp. ]mc
cya\pkcnp {InkvXphpw Bbncpp. hf
sc\m B ]WnsNbvXp. ]noSmWv {]hmN
I\mIm B{KlapmbXv. As\ ssZh
]p { X \m bn . B ]cn jv Ir X a \p jy
As\bmn. Atm ApX Imn
pSn. AhnsSsbmw An{Zapmn.
eqtmkv FgpXnb kphntijw
93. Fs \hs\p ]dbpsXv! ssZhw Hcph
AmsX \h Bcpw C. (18.10)
kao: ssZhamsX amcpw \hc Fp
{InkvXp ]dbptm ]nXmhv, ]p{X, ]cnip
mmhv Fo {XnXzw {InkvXym\nI Fhn
sS\nmhnjvIcnp?
94. Ah Ahs\ sltdmtZmhns ASptev Ab
p. sltdmZmhv tbiphns\ Inv AXy[nIw ktm
jnp; Ahs\pdnv tIncpXpsImp Ahs\
Imm hfscmeambn Cnpw Ah h ASbm
fhpw sNpXpImWmw Fp Binncpp. Gdntbmp
tNmZnnpw Ah Aht\mSp Dcw Hpw ]dn.
(23,79)
kao: Cmcyw ambnbpsS kphntij
nenmXn\m Cu kmyn\p km[p
Xbn. tbip knt\m ApX sNp
Btfm Bbncpsn sltcmZmhn\v Dcw
sImSp p Ibpw Ap X Imp Ibpw
sNbvtXs\. Ccw inIsfmpw tbip
hn\nmbncpp.
tbmlms kphntijw
95 BZnbn hN\w Dmbncpp. hN\w ssZhtmSp
IqsS Bbncpp. kIehpw Ah apJmcw Dfhmbn.
DfhmbXp Hpw Ahs\ IqSmsX DfhmbX. Ah\n
Poh Dmbncpp. Poh a\pjycpsS shfnambncp
p. (1.14)
kao: hm hn msX hN\w BZn bn
DmhpIbn. hN\w ssZhtmSpIqsSbmbn
cpsv ]dXv shdpsXbmWv. hN\w Hcn
epw ssZha. Fsm BZnbn Cuiz
c t\mSp IqSn bn cp sp ]d Xn\np
knnpXv BZnbn hN\tam ssZhtam
379
Dmbncpp Fp ]dbpXv bpasm
Wv. hN\n\nv krjvSnbpmhn. Imc
W ap sn te Dm hq . hN \ an msX
\n_vZw {kjvSmhn\v krjvSnm Ignbpw,
Poh GXn Fm bn cpp? Cu hN\w
Poh A\mZnbmsWp knmnppthm?
Fn BZns aqn Poh DuXnsb
p]dbpXv Iambn. Poh a\pjycpsS
am{Xw shfntam? arKfptSXt?
96. Amgw Bbtm ]nimNp intams aI\mb bqZm
CkvItcymmhns lrZbn Ahs\ ImWnp
sImSpm tXmnncpp. (13, 2)
kao: CXp kXya. Fmhscbpw hgn
sXnp sNIpms\ BcmWv hgn sXn
psXv {InkvXym\nItfmSp tNmZnWw.
sNIpm X\nsb hgnsXph\msWn
a\pjypw Cs\ hgnsXmw. ]nsn\p
sNIpm? sNIpms\ krjvSnpIbpw
hgnsXnpIbpw sNpXv ssZhamsWn
B sNIp ms sNIp m {Inkv Xy
ssZhamsWp hcpp. ssZhw Fmhtcbpw
As\ hgn sX np! CXv F s\ bmWv
ssZhn\p tNcpI? {InkvXym\nIfpsS Cu
]pkvIw ssZh]p{X tbiphns\bpw Dm
nbXv sNIpm\mbncptmw. ssZhapm
nb ]pkv X Itam tbip ssZh ]p {Xt\m,
CXn ]dncnp ssZhw ssZhtam A
Xs.
97. \nfpsS lrZbw IentmIcpXv ssZhn
hnizknn, Fnepw hnizknn Fs ]nXmhns
`h\n At\Iw hmke Dp. Csn
Rm \ntfmSp ]dbpambncpp. Rm \np
esamcpphm t]mIpp, Rm t]mbn\np
esamcpnbm Rm Ccnp CSp \nfpw
CcntXnp ]nsbpw hp \nsf Fs ASp
tNpsImpw........ tbip Aht\mSp: RmXs
hgnbpw kXyhpw Poh\pw BIpp. Rm apJmca
msX Bcpw ]nXmhns ASp Fpn. \n
Fs Adnp Fn Fs ]nXmhns\bpw Adnbp
ambncpp. (14, 14, 6,7)
kao: t\mq. Cu {Inkv Xp hm Iy
t]mmcpsS theIfn IpdXp hXp
amtWm? Ccw IpSppIfnmbncpsn
B aXn BcmWIsSpI? tbip Xs
]nXmhns IpI ]nSnnptm? As\
tbiphns IpIbnemsWn B ssZhw
]cm[o\\mWv. ssZhw ]cm[o\\mhpIbn.
AXn\m AXv ssZha. ssZhw BcpsSbpw
ip]mi tIp I bp an . tbip hn\v ap]v
Bcpw ssZhs {]m]n n nt? Cs\
m\hpw apw \evImsapw, kzbw amKhpw
kXyhpw Poh\pamsWpw apw ]dbpXpw
Uw`mWv. CsXmcnepw kXya.
98. Rm \ntfmSp ]dbpp: Rm sNp {]hrn
Fn hnizknph\pw sNpw. Rm ]nXmhns
ASp t]mIpXpsImp AXn henbXpw Ah
sNpw. (14,12)
kao: t\mq! tbiphn ]qambn hniz
kn phv Fp sImv acn hsc
Dbsgptev]nm\pw apw Ignbpn?
hnizmkwsImv ApX Imm\mhpIbn
s n tbiphpw Ap X sNbv Xn
sp \nWbnmw. tbip kzbw ]dbpp
tm. \npw ApX sNm Ign
bpsav! Fm Cv Hcp {InkvXym\npw
ApXsfmpw sNm\mhpIbn. {InkvXp
hn\v acn hsc Pohn n m\pw apw Ign bp
sap hnizknhw BcpsS Dm
gvNbmWv \innpXv?
99 GIkXyssZhamb....... (17.3)
kao: GIkXyssZhsap ]dbptm
{InkvXym\nIfpsS {XnXzw Xopw anYybm
bntmIpp. Cs\ Afh AkXy
kphntijfnepv.
shfn]mSp ]pkvXIw
100. AhcpsS Xebn s]mIncoSw....... ssZhns
Ggv Bmfmb Ggp Zo]...... knwlmk\ns
apn ImSnS. knwlmk\ns \Sphnepw
knwlmk\ns Npnepw \mepPohnI, Ahbvp
appdhpw ]npdhpw Ip\ndncnpp. (4,45)
kao: t\mq Hcp ]Ww t]msebmWv
{InkvXym\n kzKw AhcpsS Cuizc henb
]wt]mse XobmWv. kzm`cW [cn
pI, apnepw ]n]nepw Ipmbncnp
IsbsXmw kw`hnmhpX. CsXmw
Bcp hnizknpw? AhnsS knwlw apXemb
arKfpspw FgpXnbncnpp.
101. Rm knwlmk\n Ccnphs hen
AIpw ]pdpw FgppXmbn Ggp ap{Zbm
ap{Zbnsmcp ]pkvXIw Ip. B ]pkvXIw Xpdm\pw
AXns ap{Z s]mfnm\pw tbmKy Bcpp?..............
]pkvXIw Xpdmt\m t\mphmt\m kznepw `qan
bnepw `qanp Iognepw Bpw Ignn. ]pkvXIw
380
Xpdp hmbn m s\ nepw AXp t\mp hm s\ nepw
tbmKy \mbn Bscbpw ImWm bv I sImpw Rm
Ghpw Icp. (5,14)
kao: t\mpI, {InkvXy kzKn
knwlm k\w Bqw `qan bn epw kz
nepw Xpdm\mfnm ap{Zh ]pkvXIw,
Fmapv! tbmlm Icbpp. ]nsmcp
aq ]dbpp. {InkvXp AXp Xpdpsav.
shdpw sshXm fnI Km\ fm Wn sXmw.
{InkvXphn Fm alzfpw ASnm\
sampanmsX Btcm]npIbmWv.
102. Rm knwlmk\nsbpw \mep PohnIfpsSbpw
\Sphnepw aqmcpsS aynepw Hcp IpmSv Adp
s Xp t]mse \nev p XpIp. A Xnp Ggp
sImpw k`qanbntepw Abncnp Ggp ssZhm
m Bb Ggp IpIfpw Dv. (5,6)
kao: tbml ms a\ nse kz]v \
fpsS kz`mhw t\mpI. B kzns
\Sphn Fm {InkvXym\nIfpw \mep arK
fpw tbiphpw Dv, amcpa. ChnsS tbip
hn\p cpItbpp, sImn. kzn
sN tm Ggp sImpw Ggp I p am bn.
AZv`pXw Xs! GgpssZhfpsS Bmhv
tbip hns Ipw sImp ambn. sImmw,
CsXms {Inkv Xym \n I Fs\ hniz
knpp? Aev]sanepw _pntht?
103 ]pkvXIw hmnbtm \mep PohnIfpw Ccp]n
\mep PohnIfpw Ccp]n\mep aqmcpw Hmtcmcp
hoWbpw hnip m cpsS {]mY\ F [q] hw
\nd s]mIeihpw ]nSnpsImp IpmSns
apmsI hoWp. (5.8)
kao: tbip kzKn Cmbncptm
Cu aqm [q]Zo] ss\thZy An
XmmWv ? s{]m v {Inkv Xym\nI
hn{K lm cm [ \sb FXnth Ah cpsS
kzKw AXns aSbmbnoncnpp.
104. IpmSp ap{ZIfn Hp s]mntm \ohcnI
Fp \mep PohnIfn Hp CSnapgwt]mse ]dbp
Xp Rm tIp. Atm Rm Hcp shIpXncsb
Ip. AXnt Ccnphs In Hcp hnpp;
Ahp Hcp IncoShpw e`np. Ah Pbnph\mbpw
Pbnm\mbpw ]pdsp.
Ah cmw ap{Z s]mntm hcnI Fp cmw
Pohn ]dbpXp Rm tIp. Atm NphXmb
asmcp IpXnc ]pdsp. AXns ]pdncnph\p
a\pjy At\ym\yw sImphm Xhw `qanbn
\np kam[m\w FSppIftbXnp A[nImcw e`n
p........ aqmw ap{Z s]mn tm....... Idp \nd
apsmcp IpXn csb Ip...... \memw ap{Z s]mn
tm........ a\ndap IpXncsb Ip. AXnt
Ccnphp acWw Fp t]. (6,15, 78)
kao: t\mq CsXmw ]pcmWfnse
sIp I Y Isf adn I S p Xt? ]pkv X I
fpsS Ipn s n \p n IpXn c k hmcn
Fs\ \Spw? CsXmw kz]v \w Iv
]npw t]bpw ]d bp Xm Wv . CXp t\cm
sWp ]dbphcpsS APvRXsb{Xbps
Xn\v Afhn.
105 hnip\pw kXyhm\pw Bb \mYm `qanbn hkn
phtcmSpw RfpsS cspdnp \o F{X
tmfw \ymbhn[nbpw {]XnImchpw \SmsXbncnpw
Fv Ah Dds \nehnfnp. Atm Ahcn Hmtcm
cp pw sh \n e bn sImSp p. Ah sc tmse
sIm s Sp hm \n cn p kl `r Xy mcpw ktlm Z c
mcpw hpXnIbpthmfw Aev]w ImewIqsS kz
ambn ]mtWw Fp Ahp AcpfmSpmbn. (6
1011)
kao: {InkvXym\nI hnNmcWShpIm
cmbncnmw. Ah \ymbn\p thn hne
]npXXnmhmw. thZamKw kzoIcnp
hv \ymbn\p Imncnt. DSt\
Inpw. {Inkv Xym \n I tfmSp tNmZn Ww
CubnsS ssZh ns tImSXn AS n cn
bmtWm? \ymb Imcy \S p nt?
\ymbm[n]m ]WnapSnemtWm? Ahv
Dcsampw ]dbm\n! Cuizct\bpw I_
fn n pp! Cuiz c Ifn n s Sp Ibpw!
]dbpw app Xs i{Xp hns\ t\cn Spp!
hm {]XnImc_pnbp Ch Nmepw
sshcw hnSpIbn. Fpw kam[m\an. kam
[m\anmnSv ZpJn\dpXnbpan.
106. Anhrw s]cpmpsImv Ipepop Imbn
DXnpXpt]mse BIminse \{X `qan
bn hoWp. ]pkvXIpcp Npcppwt]mse BImiw
amdntmbn. (6,13.14)
kao: {]hm N I \mb tbml m Adn
hnsnIqSn Ccw hnSp hm bm SpXp
t\mpI. \{X temItKmffmWv.
AXp `qanbn Fs\ hogm\mWv? kqcymZn
IfpsS BIjWw \nanw Ah FhnSps
tmp \om\mWv? BImiw ]emsWp
hnNm cn p pthm? Cu BImiw BIr Xn
bp hkvXph. Bpw AXns\ sXdpp
381
sIm Ignhn. Cu tbmlm\pw apw A]
cnjvIrXcmbncpp. AhcpsS Cu hmpIfn
Hcp IYbpan.
107 ap{ZtbhcpsS Fhpw Rm tIp. bn{kmtb
afpsS kIetKm{Xnepw \np ap{Ztbh \qn
\mev]n \membncw t]. sblqZm tKm{Xn ap{Z
tbh ]ocmbncw (7,55)
kao: ss__nfnse ssZhw C{kmtb
XpS nb tKm{X fpsS ssZhtam temI
ns ssZhtam? ssZh sa n\v Imp Iq
tmSpIqSn? Ahsc klmbnbpw ap
hscn anm Xn cn bpw sNp ssZhw
ssZha. C{ktb tKm{Xmp ap{ZIp
p Xpw apw Aev ] Pv R Xtbm tbml
ms In\mthm Bbncnmw.
108. AXpsImp Ah ssZhns knwlmk\n\p
apn Ccpp Ahs Bebn cmI Ahs\
Bcm[npp.
kao: CXv ISp hn{Klmcm[\bt? Cu
ssZhw a\pjys\tmse Hcp esmXp
pnt? {InkvXy ssZhn\v cm{Xnbn
Dd hp an . D d p s n cm] I
]qPsbn\v? AYhm Ddw sISppXm
hmw. cm]I Ddsamgnm {`mtm alm
tcmKtam ]nSnpw.
109 asmcp ZqX Hcp kz[q]Ieihpambn hp
bmK]oTncnsI \np. knwlmk\n apnep
kz]oTnt kIe hnipmcpsSbpw {]m
\tbmSp tNtXnp hfsc [q]hw Ahp
sImSpp. [q]hns ]pI hnipmcpsSbpw
{]m\tbmSpIqsS ZqXs ssIn \np ssZhk
n[nbntep Ibdn. ZqX [q]Ieiw FSpp bmK
]oTnse I\ \nsdp `qanbntep Fdnp. DSs\
CSnapghpw \mZhpw anepw `qIhpw Dmbn. (8,
35)
kao: t\mqI! kzK n t]mepw
thZnbpw [q]hpw ss\th Zyhpw Iml f i
_v Zhpw! sshcm Kn I fpsS t{X n ep ] cn
bmtWm {InkvXy kzKw? Aev]w tImem
lew IqSpXepmhmw!
110 Hm a h (Im lfw) DuXn Atm cw
Ie Ievagbpw Xobpw `qanta sNmcnnp `qan
bn aqnsemp shpt]mbn. (8.7)
kao: _te t`jv! {InkvXy {]hmNIt\
sImmw. ssZhhpw ssZhZqX\pw Imlfi
_vZhpw {]fbeoebpsamw shdpw Ipnfn
bmWv. CXv {]fbImcytam?
111 Amas ZqX DuXn. Atm Hcp \{Xw
BImip \np `qanbn hoWpInSpXp Rm
Ip. Ahp AKm[Iq]ns Xmtm e`np.
Ah AKm[Iq]w Xpdp. DSs\ s]cpqfbnse ]pI
t]mse Iq]n\npw ]pIs]mn. Iq]ns ]pI
bm kqcy\pw BIm ihpw Ccp p t]m bn. ]pI
bn\np shpnfn `qanbn ]pdsp. AXnp `qan
bnse tXfn\p in e`np. s\nbn ssZhns
ap{Zbnm a\pjymsX `qanbnse ]pnpw ]
bmbsXmnpw bmsXmcp hrnpw tISphcp
cpXp Fp AXnp Iev]\ Dmbn. Ahsc sImp
hm\ Apamkw ZWvUnnm\t{X AXnp A[n
Imcw e`nXp. (9.15)
kao: Imlfi_vZw tIv \{Xw B ZqX
mcpsS taembncnmw hoWXv. ChnsS hoWn
tbn. shpInfnIsfbpw InWdns\bpw {]f
b n \p thn ssZhw \nn pthm? ap{Z
t\mn shp nfn Fs\ Bsf n cn
dnbpw? CsXmw a\p jysc `b s Spn
{InkvXym\nIfmm\p AShmWv. A
cpsS \mn \Spw. ChnsSbo Bcymh
n \SpIbn.
112 IpXncSbpsS kwJy ]Xn\mbncw aSv Ccp]Xn
\mbncw Fp Rm tIp (9 16)
kao: C{Xbpw IpXn c I kzK n
FhnsS ]mpw, FhnsS tabpw. FhnsS \nv
NmWIanSpw? Fsmcp ZpKambncnpw
B kzKn? Ccw kzKw, Cuizc,
aXw FnhtbmSv R Bcyhm
hnS ]dncnpp. Cu ZpcnXw Cuizc
{]kmZnv {InkvXym\nIfpsS Xebn\np
Hgnhmbm Gsd \v.
113. _ehm\mb asmcp ZqX kzKn \nndp
Xp Rm Ip. Ah taLw DSppw BImihnp
[cnpw apJw kqcys\tmsebpw Im XoqWpt]m
sebpw Dh........ Ah hem kap{Zntepw
CSm `qantaepw hp. (10, 12)
kao: ]pcmWfnsetbm sFXnlyfn
setbm IYIsfm saamtWm Cu ZqX
mcpsS IYIsfp t\mpI.
114. ]ns ZWvUpt]mep Hcp tIm Fs In
Inn Iev]\e`nXp: \o Fgptp ssZhns Be
bsbpw tbmK]oTsbpw AXn \akvIcnp
htcbpw AfpI. (11. 1)
kao: ChnsS am{Xtam! {Inkv Xym \n I
kznepw tZhmebfpmpIbpw Af
382
p Ibpw sNp p. sImmw. Ah cpsS
kzKw t]mse Xs bmWv Cu {]kv Xm h
fpw, Ip_m\bn tbiphns icocmwi
fmb chpw amwkhpw Fp kev]nv
`n p p ! ]n bn Ip cn ip w ap w
Dmnhv B hn{Klsf Bcm[npp.
115 Atm kznse ssZhmebw Xpdp. Ahs
\nbasIw Ahs Bebn {]Xyambn. (11.19)
kao: kzKnse ]n htmgpw am{Xw
Xpd p Xm hmw. ssZh n\p ]ntbm?
thtZm amb ]c am mhv kh hym ]
I\mIbm Bebn IqSnnSpIbn.
{InkvXym\nIfpsS ssZhw kmImc\mIbm
kzKnepw `qanbnepw Hcpt]mse! ChnsS
aWn b Snbpw Iml f aqpw \S pw t]mse
kzKnepw! \nbans s]Iw {InkvXym
\nI htmgpw ImWppmImw. AXns
D]tbmKsasdnhn. CsXmw a\pjysc
{]tem`nnm sImmw.
116. kzn hensbmcp ASbmfw ImWmbn. kqcys\
AWnsmcp kv{Xo. AhfpsS Imevogv N{\pw Ah
fpsS Xebn ]{v \{XwsImp IncoShpw
Dmbncpp. Ah K`nWnbmbn t\mhpInn thZ\
sp \nehnfnp. kzn asmcp ASbmfw ImWm
bn. GgpXebpw ]psImpw Xebn GgpcmPapSn
bpambn Xo\ndaptmcp almkw. AXns hm BIm
inse \{Xfn aqnsemns\ henpIqn `qan
bntesdnp Ifp. (12. 14)
kao: Afh ]pfp tIpI. ChcpsS
kzK nepw ]mhw kv {Xo \nehnfnp p.
Ah fpsS ZpxJw tImt\m Xomt\m
Bcpan. \{XfpsS apnsemns\ `qan
bntep Xnsdnnphm B s]cpm
n hm F{X hepXmbncnWw? `qan F{X
sNdpXv! \{X F{X hepXv! Cu `qan
bn Hcp \{Xw t]mepw sImp I bn .
\{XfpsS aqnsemp hosWp ]d
bpbmfns honemhmw AXp hoWsXp
am\nWw. \{XfpsS aqnsemns\
Npcpnqn `qanbn hogv nb s]cpmv
CsX gp Xnb Bfns hon e msX Fhn sS
bmhmw ]mncpXv?
117 ]ns kzn bpw Dmbn. anJmtbepw
Ahs ZqXmcpw alm ktmSp ]Sshn. (12.7)
kao: {Inkv Xym\nIfpsS kzKn sNp
h bpns ZpcnXw A\p`hnWam
bn cn mw. Ccw kzK n t\mSv Bi sh
Snv hnS]dpsImpI. imn`wKhpw
elfbpw DnSw {InkvXym\nImWv tNcp
Xv ?
118 `qX es apgp h sXnpIf bp ]nimNpw
kmm\pw F alm kamb ]gb ]mns\ `qan
bntep Xnfp. (12.9)
kao: sNIp m kzK n em bn cp
tm BfpIsf hgn sXnncpnt? Ahs\
FpsImv Poh]cyw XShnempItbm
sImpItbm sNbvXn. Fn\hs\ `qanbn
tebp? temIssbmw sNIpm\mWv
hgn sX n p sX n sNIp ms\ Bcp
hgnsXnpp? kzbw hgnsXpsn ap
hpw kzbw hgnsXmhpXmWv. sNIp
m thWsan. ssZhamWv AXpsNp
sXn B ssZhw ssZha. {InkvXy
ssZhw sNIpms\ `bsSpsp tXmp
p. Fsm ssZhn\p sNIpm t\
m in bp s n sXp sN p
tms ]nSnIqSn innmhpXmWv.
PK n sNIp m \p Xns Bbn c n
sem cwiw cmPyw t]mepw {Inkv Xy ssZh
n\n. AXn\memhmw ssZhn\p sNIp
ms\ AIm\mhmXv. Cs {InkvXym
\n I fmb `c Wm [n ] m I s\bp w
sImmcs\bpw thKw ]nSnIqSn innpw
t]mse ssZhn\p Ignbpn. ]ns GXp
_pn lo \ \mWv sshZn I [aw shSnv
kmclo\amb {InkvXpaXw kzoIcnpXv?
119 `qanbvpw kap{Zn\pw Atm IjvSw; ]nimNp
X\np Aev]Imetabpq Fp Adnp almt{Im
[tmsS \nfpsS ASp Cdnhncnpp.
(12.12)
kao: ssZhw AhbpsS cI\pw A[n]
\pat? `qan, a\pjymZnPohnI apXemhbpsS
c I\p w A[n ] \p at? `q an bp sS
A[n]s\n ep am sW n sNIp ms\
FpsImv h[n p I f n? Cuiz c
t\mn bn cns sNIp m hgn sX n p
sImv hnekpp! Fnpw Ahs\ Hgnhm
pn. Hcp \ ssZhhpw ZpjvS\pw kaY
\pamb asmcp ssZhhpw Dsp tXmpp.
120. \mev]ncpamkw {]hnm A[nImchpw
e`np. AXp ssZhns \masbpw Ahs IqSmc
sbpw kzKn hknphtcbpw Zpjnm ssZh
383
ZqjWnmbn hmbvXpdp hnipmtcmSp bpw
sNbvXp. Ahsc Pbnm\pw AXnp A[nImcw e`np;
kIe tKm{Xntepw hwintepw `mjtaepw PmXn
taepw A[nImchpw e`np.
kao: temIsc hgnsXnm sNIpm
s\bpw Pptfbpw AbbvpI, \ a\p
jytcmSp bpw sNnpI, CsXmw Ih
m cpsSbpw amS n am cp tSbpw ]Wn bt?
CsXmpw Cuiz c stbm ` m cp tStbm
]Wn b .
121. ]ns Rm kotbm aebn IpmSpw Aht\m
SpIqsS s\nbn Ahs \mahpw ]nXmhns \mahpw
FgpXnbncnp \qn\mev]n\membncw t]cpw \ne
\nev pXp Ip. (41.1)
kao: t\mq! {Inkv Xp hns ]nXm hmb
ssZhw ]mp kotbm aebn aI\pw
]mppv. Cu \qn\mev]n\membncw
t]sc FnbsXn\v? Hcpen\mev]n
\m em bncw t]cmtWm kzK hm kn I?
tijn tImSm \p tImSn {Inkv Xym \n I fpsS
s\nbn ap{ZIpsnt? Ahscmw \c
In t]mtbm? kntbm aeapIfn sNv
ssZhhp w ssZh n s ssk\yhp w
AhnsSbptm Fp {InkvXym\nI t\m
Ww. Dsn Cu teJ\w icn. Csn
sXv. hbnSp\npw AhnsS hXmsW
n, FhnSpp hp? kzKp\np h
XmsWn Ah ]nIfmtWm taIogv
]dp ]m? Cs\ t]mphchpImcmW
hscn ssZhw Hcp PnbpsS \ymbm[n]\p
ka \mbn. Fn aqmep t]cp m bmepw
t]mcm, IpdXv Hcp `qtKm f n\v Hcp
ssZhwhoXw thWw. At\Iw {_mWvU
fn Hnv NpnbSnv \ymbw sNbvhm Hcm
fn\p IgnbpX.
122. AtX, Ah XfpsS {]bXv\fn \np hn{i
antXmIpp. AhcpsS {]hrn Ahsc ]npScp
p Fp Bmhp ]dbpp.
kao: Iaw ]npScpp Fv {InkvXym
\nIfpsS ssZhw ]dbpXp tIpI. CXn
\Yw Ian\\pkcnv Fmhpw êw
\ev I s Sp sa Xm Wv . Ch ]d bp tXm,
tbip ]m]w ssIsImv an p sapw.
ChnsS _pnamm Hp NnnWw. ssZhw
]dbptXm Ch ]dbptXm t\cv? cn
semt t\cm bn cn q. atXp I am Wv .
{InkvXym\nIfpsS ssZhtam. Ahtcm? Bcm
bm \apsv? Ct?
123. `qanbnse apncnpe Adpp, ssZhtIm]ns
henb Nn Cp. Np \Kcn\p ]pdp hp
saXnp. Nn \np cw IpXncIfpsS ISnhmf
tfmfw s]mn Ccp \qdp \mgnI Zqc tmfw Hgp In.
(14.19.20)
kao: Cu ]pfp]dn ]pcmWtfm
IqSp X et? {Inkv Xy ssZhw tIm]n p
tm IpWv Uw \nd bp p. tIm]w Pe
amtWm? AtXm ap h {Zmh Itam? \qdp
tImiw cw {]hlnpXv Akw`hyamWv.
Fs m hmbp Gm ep St\ cw I
bmhpw. ]nss\mgpIpw? CsXmw anYyX
s.
124. CXns tijw kzKnse kmyIqSmcamb
ssZhmebw XpdXp Rm Ip. (15.5)
kao: {InkvXym\nIfpsS ssZhw kh
\m bn cpsn kmn I sf n\v ? X\nsb
Fmw Adnbmatm. AXn\m Cu ssZhw
kh\ sp sXfn bp p . a\p
jys\tmse Aev]\msWn Cuiz
cobambsXmpw sNm\mhn. Ctbn. Cu
{]IcWn ZqXmscn FgpXnbncnp
sXmpta kXyn\p \ncpX. F{X
IsgpXm? \ndsb Ccw A_fm
Wv.
125 AhfpsS AIrXyw ssZhw Hmnpapp. Ah
\np sNbvXXpt]mse \n Ahp ]Icw
sNbv hn. Ah fpsS {]hr n Ip X hw
Ahp Ccnp sImSpn. (18.56)
kao: Cu ssZhw {]Xyn Xs
A\ymbImcnbmWv. Fsm, \ymbsap
]dbpXv Fs\ F{XIaw sNbvXpthm
AXn\v As\ A{Xbpw êw \evIpXm
Wv. A[nItam Ipdthm sImSppXv A\ym
bamWv. A\ymbImcnsb D]mknphcpw
A\ymmcmhpXnseXv`pXw?
126. Ipm Sns IeymWw hp h sm. Ahs
Imbpw Xsm Hcpnbncnpp. (199)
kao: tImepw! {Inkv Xy kzK n
IymWhpw \Spp. tbiphns hnhmlw
ssZhw A hn sS bm Wt{X \S n b Xv . iziz
c\pw, kyme\pw Ambnbbpw apw Ascm
s bm sWp tNmZn Ww. ]nt sc {X bp
384
mbn? hocy\mim _e, _pn, ]cm{I
ambpI bnv tbip CXnIw AhnsS
icocXymKw sNbvXp ImWWatm? Fs
m kwtbmKP\yambXn\p hntbmKhpw `
hn Ww. CXp hscbpw {Inkv Xym \n I
hnizm k n NXn s n cn p p. F{X
\m CXp XpScpw Fp t\mnmWmw.
127. Ah ]nimNpw kmm\pw Fp ]gb ]mmb
almks ]nSnp Bbncw Btp Nebnp.
Bbncw Bp Ignbpthmfw PmXnIsf hnmXncn
m Ahs\ AKm[n Xnbnp AsSp]qpIbpw
aosX ap{ZbnSpIbpw sNbvXp. (20.23)
kao: hfsc {]bm k sv sNIp ms\
]nSn p. \qdp \q m tv _ \ n emn.
AXp Ignbptm tamNnv hgnsXnm XpS
p I bnt? Ccw Zpjv S msc ]nSn IqSn
Fpw XS hn hbv tbm sImp If bp
Itbm sNt Xm bn cp p. Fm Cu
sNIp m kev ]w {Inkv Xym \n I fpsS
hn{àw am{XamWv. hmkvXhnenm CXv
Bfp Isf `b s Spn he bn em m \p m
nb t]nSnbmWv. ]mhshsc ]nSnIqSn
GIm epsImpsNv NXp`pP\m
cm b W thjw sIn b hs\ Imn "CXm
\nevpp `Khm C\n ISbvpI. ]d
nt Xpdmhq. Asn Ips]mpw'
C s\ I S npw Xpd npw `K hms\
Imp k{ZmbamWnXpw. Ccw aXm
cpsS {]hrn Cs\bmWv. RfpsS aXw
hnizmknmh sNIpm ]nSnhcmWv
Fsmw Ah ]dbpw. ChcpsS ambbn
s]pIqSmXmWv.
128. Ahs kn[nbn \np `qanbpw BImihpw
HmSntmbn. Ahsb]ns In. acnh B_me
hrw knwlmk\n apn \nevpXpw Ip;
]pkvXI Xpdp; Pohs ]pkvXIw F asmcp
]pkvXIhpw Xpdp; ]pkvXIn FgpXnbncpXn\p
Hhw acnhp AhcpsS {]hrnISp
\ymbhn[n Dmbn (20,11,12)
kao: Ipn fn Ipthm? BIm ihpw
`qanbpw Fs\ HmSpw? Ah FhnsS \ne
sImpw? BcpsS apn\ntmSpw? Ahs
knwlmk\hpw Ah\pw FhnsS\np? N
hsc ssZh n\p apn \nn b tm
ssZhw CcnpIbmbncptm \nevpIbmbn
cptm? Cu Itcnbpw IhShpw Fmw IW
n]Sn Cuizc \SpXmtWm? Pohn
I fp sS sbmw hrmw ssZhtam Kpa
kvXt\m FgpXnbXv? Ccw hW\Ifm
{InkvXpaXmcpw apw Cuizcs\ Cuizc\
mXmn; Cuizc\mXns\ Cuzc\pamn!
129 Hcp hp FtmSp: hcnI, IpmSns Im
bmb aWhmnsb ImWnpXcmw Fp ]dp. (209)
kao: tbip kzKn \ aWhmnsb
{]m]nv kpJn bm hmw. AhnsS sNp
{InkvXym\nIpw aWhmnsb Inpambncn
mw. kXnIfpmIppapmImw. P\s
cpapmbn, tcmKapmbpw apw NmIppap
mImw. Ccw kzKs sXmSmsXmgnbp
XmWp \v.
130 AfhptIm sImp Ah \Kcs Afp.
Bbncn\qdp \mgnI Ip. AXns \ofhpw hoXnbpw
Dbchpw kaw Xt. AXns aXn Afp. a\pjys
Afhnp Fp hm ZqXs AfhnpXt. \qn
\mev]n\mep apgw Dmbncpp. aXnens ]Wn kqcy
Imhpw \Kcw kz kv]SnIns\m Xhpw Bbn
cpp. \KcaXnens ASnm\ kIe cXv\hpw
sImv Aecnncnpp. Hmw ASnm\w kqcy
Im w, cm a tXp \oe cXv \w, aqm a tXp
amWnIyw, \mematXp acXIw. AmatXp \J
hn, BdmatXp NpIpIv, GgmatXp ]oXc
Xv\w, FmatXp tKmtaZIw, HXmatXp ]pjy
cmKw, ]matXp sshUqcyw, ]Xns\mmatXp
]cmKw, ]{matXp kpKncXv\w. ]{p
tKm]pchpw ]{papp. Hmtcm tKm]pcw Hmtcm app
sImpXpw \Kcns hoYn kzkv^SnInp
Xpeyamb Xhpw Bbncpp. (21,1621)
kao: {Inkv Xym \n I fpsS kzK h\
tImepw {InkvXym\nI acnpsNv AhnsS
P\n p ]w Cu henb \K c nepw
Ah sImpIbn. ChnsS a\pjy hp
sImtbncnpp. Bcpw t]mIptXbn
C{X tbsd hne ]n Sn p cXv \ fm ep m
nb kzWJNnXamb ]Wsasmw ]d
bpXv shdptX km[mcWmsc BIjn
m\mWv. \Kcns hoXnbpw \ofhpw Fgp
XnbncnpXv icnbmImw. ]t Dbcw icn
bmhpIbn. shdpw `mh\bmWXv. C{X henb
appI FhnsS\np Inpw? teJ\sagpXn
bbmfns hon \np IpgnsSpXmhpw!
Cu ]pfp ]pcmWfnteXns CcnbmWv!
131 Aip ambXp bmsXmpw t Xbpw t`mjv Ipw
{]hnph Bcpw AXn ISbn (21, 27)
kao: Cs\bmsWn ]m]npw kzK
cmPyn {]thi\apsv {InkvXym\nI
385
Fn\p ]dbpp? CXp icnb. Cs\bm
sW n kz]v \ n se hw anYym h N \
]dbp tbmlm\pw Hcnepw kzK
n ISpIbn. tbiphpw ISp ImWp
Ibn. Hbvv Hcp ]m]nbvv kzKn
ISm\mhpIbnsn At\Iw ]m]nIfpsS
]m]w Npa p {Inkv Xp Fs\ {]th
inpw?
132 bmsXmcp im]hpw C\n DmIbn. ssZhnsbpw
IpmSnsbpw knwlmk\w AXn Ccnpw. Ahs
Zmkm Ahs\ Bcm[npw. Ah Ahs apJw
ImWpw. Ahs \maw AhcpsS s\nbn Ccnpw.
C\n cm{Xn DmIbn. ssZhhamb Imhv Ah
cpsS ta {]IinpXpsImp hnfns shfntam
kqcy s shfn tam Ahp Bh iy an . Ah
Ftp cmPmmcmbncnpw. (22,35)
kao: t\mq! {InkvXym\nIfpsS kzK
hmkw t\mpI! ssZhhpw tbiphpw kZm
knwlm k \ n en cn ptam? Ah cpsS Zmk
m Ftmgpw ap]n apJw ImWnp
\nevptam? Cu ssZhns apJw bqtdmp
Im c t Xp t]m setbm B{^n t Xp t]m
setbm? AtXm ap tZi m cp tSXp
t]msetbm? \nfpsS Cu kzKw _\am
Wv. Fsm CXn hepsdpapv. Hcp
]Wn Chscmw ]mm ZpxJapm
hnt? apJap ssZhw kh\mb kt
izc\Xs.
133 CXm Rm thKw hcpp; Hmtcmcpp Ah\
hs {]hrnpXhw sImSpm {]Xnêw Fs
] Dp. (22.12)
kao: Ian\pX êw InpsamsW
n ]m]n\p abnXs. anpsa
n ]qhm]chncpambn. NpgentcmKnsb
tmembn. Acw AkXy AwKoIcn
mhpX. XymPyamWv.
F{X I s gp Xm \m Wv . ss__n fn se
Htsd Imcyfpw XymPyhpw JWvU\obhp
amWv. Ipdpam{Xw t]cn\v FgpXnsbtbp
q. _pnammv Htsd CXn\np {Kln
mw. IpdsmgnsI asmw Iw Xsbm
WXn. Int\mSp tN kXyw Aip
ambncnpXn\m ss__n kzoImcy
amb [a{Ka. thZsf kzoIcnmte
kXyw shfnhmIq.
(C{Xbpw ss__nfns\n kzev]sagpXn,
_pnammcpsS apn Gsd GgpXnhbvp
Xv A\mhiyamWv. C\n apkammcpsS
aXsn FgpXpXmWv.)
{ioabm\kckzXn kzmanI cNn
kXymY{]Iminse,
{InkvXpaX hnjbsf
JWvU\aWvU\w sNp
]Xnaqmw kapmkw Ignp.
Cu ]Xn\memw kapmkn apkam
mcpsS aXhnjb FgpXnbncnpXv
Jp Bs\ Bkv ] Z amn bmWv . ap
{Ksf
1
Bkv ] Z am n b . apkam
m JpB\nemWtm ]qWambpw hniz
knpXv.
GXm\pw Nne hmpIfpsS AYs
nbpw apamsX JpBs\n hnhmZsam
pan. JpB Ad_n`mjbnemWv. aue
hnam DZphn AXnYw FgpXnbnpv.
B Aw tZh \m K cn en ]n bn em n v ,
lnn `m j bn A a gp Xnv , {]ikv X
Ad _n hn Zzm mscsmv ]cn tim [n n
mWv ChnsS FgpXnbncnpXv. Aw
icnbmbn Fmm\pw A`n{]mbap
]w auehnamcpsS XaIsf Ah
JWvU\w sNs. ]ns CXns\n Fgp
Xnbm aXn.
Fsm Cu teJ\w a\pjycpsS
DXnbvpw kXymkXy \nWbn\pw
thnbmWv FgpXpXv. Fm aXsf
n bp w Aev ]mev ]w Adn hv thWw
Fw. a\pjyp ]ckv]cw hnNmcW
hn\n a b n h kcw Ins. ]c kv ]cw
tZmjJWvU\w sNbvXv KpWw {Klnpam
dm Is A\y a X n ttem Cu aX n
ttem hrYm \Xpw XobXpw Btcm]n
np IY bn . \Xp \ Xmbpw XobXv
XobXmbpw Ghpw t_m[ns Bcpw
BcpsS taepw Iw {]N cn n tbm
kXys \ntcm[npItbm sNmXncn
s. kXym k Xy shfn hm n bmepw
CjvSaph kzoIcntbm kzoIcnmXn
cnpItbm sNs. BtcmSpw _emXvImcw
th.
Xsbpw A\ysbpw tZmjsf tZmj
ambpw KpWsf As\bpw Iv tZmj
sf XyPnv, KpWsf kzoIcnWw.
Zpcm{KlnIfpsS imTyhpw Zpcm{Klhpw Cm
XmWw. ]]mXw temInepmn
bnpXpw DmpXpamb ZpcnXfpw
A\Yfpw Nndb. Cu A\nnXhpw
W`wKpchpamb PohnXn ]clm\n
sNbvXp emàpmpXn \np kzbw
amdn \nev p Xpw A\ysc amn\np
Xpw a\pjyXzn\p amtpXmWtm.
CXn hncp ambn Fgp Xnbnp sX
sv hnZzmm Adnv s]cpamdWw. DNn
X am b Xns\ kzoI cn Ww. Fs m
imTyw, Zpcm{Klw, Cujy, tZzjw, hmZhn
hmZ, hntcm[ Fnhsb Ipdbvm
\mWv, Iqm\, Cu teJ\w FgpXnbncn
pXv. ]ckv]c lm\nbn\nsmgnv,
]ckv]cem`w hcppXmWv \psS apJy
Ihyw.
Cu ]Xn memw kap m k n
apkm cpsS aX s n Fgp Xmw.
2
t\mn Cjv S am bXp {Klnv A\n jv S
ambXns\ XWw.
_pnammtcmSnXntesd Fp ]dbphm!
A\p`qanI \mev
1. lZokv apXembhbsp Xmev]cyw. lZokv Nne
aposf AwKoIcnppp.
2. kn.F. AlZv auehnbpsS Jpdm aebmf XP
abmWv ChnsS kzoIcnnpXv. (1973 se F._n.
Fkv. ]Xnv) Aw hyampXn\v NnteS
fn {_mn auehn sImSpnp `mK
Cu ]pkvXIn Hgnhmnbnpv. (]cn`mjI)
387
kXym{]Imiw ]Xn\memw kapmkw
C\n bh\aX hnjbw hymJym\nmw
apkammcpsS aXsn C\n Fgp
Xmw:
1. IcpWm\n[nbpw ]caImcpWnI\pamb Amlphns
\man (Bcw`npp)(`mKw 1. A[ymbw 1. hN\w
1)
kaoI: apkamm ]dbpXv, Jp
B ssZh n t Xm sW t{X, Fm
amtcm BWv CXp \nnsXv Cu hN\
n \np hyamIpp. ssZhapmn
bXmsWn Amlphns \man Bcw
`npp Fp ]dbpIbnmbncpp. "Bcw`
nse a\pjyv D]tZin\v' Ft ]d
bpambncppp. a\pjyv inWw \evIp
p, \nfns\ ]dbpIsbv Fmbmepw
icnb. Fsm ]m]ns Bcw`hpw
ssZh\matmSp tNv ZqjnXamIpw. Ah
IcpWm\n[nbpw ]caImcpWnI\pamsWn
Xs krjv Sn bn, a\p jyv kpJ n \p
thn A\yPohnIsf ZmcpWamb ]oUtb
ev ]n v sImv amwkw Xn p sIm m
A\p \evInbsXn\v? Ah \nc]cm[n
Ifpw ssZh krjvSnIfpw At? ssZh\ma
n \ Xns Bcw `w, No bp sS b
FmWp ]dbpsXn AXn DcppI
fnbpv. Ihpw NXnbpw AkXy`mjWmZn
Ifpw apw ssZh\man XpSptam? CXn
\nmhptam IimpImc ]iphnsbpw apw
Igpp apdn p tm "_nkv an mlv ' F
hN\w sNmpXv? ta]dXmWv AY
san Nomcy apkamm ssZh
\man XpSpp. apowfpsS ssZhw
Zbmephpa. B arKtfmSv ZbbnmXp
Xs; ImcWw. apkammv Cu hN\
ns AYw Adnbnsn Cu hN\w
{]I S am bXv shdp sX bm Wv . apkam m
thsd AYamWv ]dbpsXn FmWn
Xns ipamb Aw?
2. k temI ]cn ]m e I \mb Am lp hn s{X
kv tXm{Xw. Icp Wm \n[n. ]c a Im cp Wn I. (`mKw 1,
A[ymbw 1, hN\w1, kqw 12)
kaoI: JpB\nse ssZhw khtem
I]cn]meI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpw am\n[nbp
amsWn A\yaXscbpw arKsfbpw
sImp sIm m apo v A\p
\ev Ip am bn cp n . ]c a Im cp Wn I s\ n
]m]n I tfmSpw ]c a I cp W Im ptam? Fn
Im^dnfpsS IY IgnpI, JpB\nepw
{]hmNI\nepw hnizknmh Im^dn
fmWv, Fp ]dbpsXn\v? CXn\m Jp
B ssZhIrXa.
3. {]Xnêw \evIsSp Znhkns \mY. \ns
Iev ] \ It R hnt[ b cmbn Pohn bp p.
\ntmSp am{Xta R klmbnv At]n
bpp. \o Rp t\amKw ImWnpXtcWta.
(1.1.1.35)
kaoI: Amlp \nXyhpw \ymbw sNp
14
]Xn\memw kapmkw
kXym{]Imiw
Ckvfmw aXhnjbw
388
I bnt? GtXm Hcp Znh k amtWm \ymbw
sNpXv? CXnsetm Ccpfnbpv. hnt[
bXzhpw klmbamhiysSpXpw icnXs.
Nomcyn\pw klmbw BhiysSptam?
t\amKw apoanttXbptm? aphcp
tS X t? t\amKw kz oI cn m sX
smWv? Nobntev t\amKw Ctm.
\ Ghpw Hp Xs n, apo an\v
hntijnsmn. aphv \bnsm
sWn AXv ]]mXat?
4. AXmbXv \ns A\p{Klp ]m{XambhcpsS
amw. tIm]n\p ]m{XambcpsSbpw hgn]nghcp
sSbpw ama. (1.11.6 7)
kaoI: apo ]qhPtam ]qh
IrX ]pWy]m]tfm AwKoIcnmbvIbm,
Nnesc A\p{Kl ]m{XampXpw Nnesc
AmXmpXpw sImv ssZhw ]]mXn
bmbnocpp. ]m]]pWyfnmsX ZpxJtam
kpJtam \evIpXv tIhew A\ymbw Xs.
ImcWanmsX BtcmsSnepw I\nhp Imp
tXm t{Im[n p tXm ssZh kz `m h a .
]qhmPnXamb ]pWy]m] Csn
Zb bpsStbm t{Im[ n stbm {]I S\w
Akm[yamWv. Cu hN\w Amlp a\pjy
s\smp ]dbnsv SnWn Inpv.
kZm Cs\ ]d b W sapw ]d bp p v .
CXn \nv Ad_nbn A c am e bmb
Aen^v t_ apXembhbpw Amlp ]Tnn
XmsWt hpIqSpXv? Csn A
c m \ an msX hN\w Fs\ sNmn?
AtXm ImWmsX ]Tn npsIm Sptm ?
Fn JpB CdnhX, ImWmmSw
]TnXmWv.
GXp]pkvXInemtWm ]]mXapXv
AXv CuizcIrXa. Ad_n`mjbn HmXn
bXpsImv Ad_nIv ]Tnm kpKahpw
A\yv ITn \ hp ambn. CXp sImv ssZh
n ]]mXtZmw hpIqSpp. krjvSn
bnse kham\ tZimpw Hcpt]mse ]cn
{iaw sImpam{Xw ]Tnm Ignbp Fm
`mjIfn\npw hneWamb kwkvIrX
n ssZhw thZm\w ]Ip. AXp
t]mse sNbvXncpsn ]]mXtZmjw
hcnmbncpp.
5. CXp almsbmcp {KamWv. CXn kwibn\
h Im ita C. Pohn X n kqv a X bp hv
CsXmcp amZi\as{X. (Ah Bscm) AZriy
(bmYmYy)fn hnizknpIbpw \akvImcw apd{]
Imcw A\p jv Tn p Ibpw \mw Ahp \ev In b
Xn\nv (\psS amn) NnehgnpIbpw sNp
h. (A{]Imcw Xs) \n\v (aplZv \_nv)
AhXcnnXpw \n\p apv ]q{]hmNImv)
AhXcnnXpamb ktifn hnizknpIbpw ]c
temI (PohnX)n ZrVambn hnizknpIbpw sNp
hcpw Ah XfpsS cnXmhn \np am
Zi\nemWv \nesImpXv. hnPbw {]m]np
hcpw Ahct{X. kXys a\x]qw \nt[nhcmI
s, Ahp \o XmoXp \evImXncnpXpw kaam
Wv. Ah (Hcnepw) hnizknpIbn. Amlp Ah
cpsS lrZbpw sNhnIpw ap{Zhncnpp.
Ah cpsS Ip I fn t aqSn bp v . Ahv ITn\
inbmWpXv. (1.1.2.27)
kaoI: kzbw Xs ]pkv XIns
alzw tLmjn p Xv Uw`t? Pohn X
n kqvaXbph kzbw icnbmb ]mX
bnemWv. sXmb ]mXbnephv t\hgn
Imm JpB\v Ignbnsn ]nnsXn
\psImmw? ]m]]pWyfpw ]cpjmYhpw
sNmsX, ssZhw Xs JP \m hn \np
sNehpsNm sImSpptam? sImSppsa
nsemhpw Fp sImp sImSp p
n? apkamm ]cn{iaw sNpsXn
\mWv? ss__n kphntijmZnIfn hniz
knpXv DNnXamsWn apo Fp
sImv ss__nfnepw apw hnizknpn?
hniz kn p s n Jp Bs {]tbm P \
sav? JpB\n IqSpX Imcy Fgp
XnbnpsmWv Dcsan, BZy]pkvX
In FgpXm ssZhw adpt]mtbm? ad
nsn JpB DmnbXv \njv{]tbm
P \ am Wv . Jp B\pw ss__nfpw Xn
henb Acant. thZstmse Hcp ]q
{Kw FpsImpmnbn? \ymbhn[n
\m fn am{X a msX asm nepw hniz kn
t? {Inkv Xym \nbpw apoapw am {Xta
ssZhns inWn hcpthm? Ahcn
]m]nIfmcpant? A[anIfmb {InkvXym\n
Ifpw apofpw csSpIbpw [amm
fmb aph csSmXncnpIbpw sNp
Xv alm A\ymbhpw AImchpamWv.
apofpsS aXn hnizknmhsc
Im^ Fp hnfnpXv GI]obamb
_ncp Z at? ssZhw Ax I c W nepw
389
ImXnepw ap{ZIpnbnpw AXpsImv ]m]w
sNpXv AhcpsS tZmjat? Cu tZmjw
ssZh n t Xm bn cns Ah cn kp J Zpx
Jtam ]m]]pWytfm hpIqSmXmWv.
]nsn\v ASntev]npp? Fsm
]m]tam ]pWytam Ah kzX{ambtm
sNbvXXv.
6. AhcpsS lrZbfn Hcp tcmKapv. Fnv (Ah
cpsS lnXns\Xncmb \S]SnIsfSpv) Amlp Ah
cpsS tcmKw hnnpp. (1.1.2.10)
kao: A]cm[w sNmsX ssZhw AhcpsS
tcmKw hnnp. ZbhpImnbn. ]mh
hfsc ZpxJw A\p`hnncnpw. CXv sNIpm
\nepw Ihn ss]imNnIXbt? NnecpsS
lrZbn ap{ZbSnpI, NnecpsS tcmKw
hnnpI CsXmw ssZhns ]Wnb
. Fsm tcmKw hnpXv kzw
]m]memWv.
7 \npthn `qansb Hcp hncnpw BImis
Hcp tapamn krjvSnpIbpw....... (1.1.2.22)
kao: BImiw Fnssbnepw tam
Iptam? CXv Am\at? BImins\
tambn IcpXpXv lmkymkv]ZamWv.
`qanbpsS Fsnepw `mKambn BImis
IcpXcpXv.
8. C\n \psS Zmk\v \mw AhXcnnpsImSp Jp
B\n \nv kwibamWpsXn Xpey
amb Hcp {Kn\nv Hcymbw \n sImph
cnI. Amlphns\ hnp \np klmbnIsfbpw
WnpsImpI. \n kXyhmZnIfmsWn (C
Xp) \n sNpnsn, sNm \np Ign
bpIbn a\pjyscbpw IpIsfbpw hndImn Pzen
np Ansb \n kqnpsImpI. kXy
\ntj[nIp* thnbt{X AXv Hcpnhncnp
Xv. (1.1.2.24)
kao: Xpeyamb Hc[ymbw DmpXv
hen b Imcysamp a . AIv _ N { I
hnbpsS Imev IpnSm JpB
ss^Pn auehn Dmnbnt? AsXpXcw
\cImnbmWv? Cu Ansb `bstSt?
hogpsXmw AXn\v C\amWv. Im^ndp
Iv An sbm cpn hn cn pp Fp
JpB\n ]dbpXpt]msebmWv ]pcmW
fn tmv tLmc\cIw Dmnh
n cn p sp ]d bp Xpw. Bcp ] d bp
XmWv t\cv? AhchcpsS hmpIf\pkcnv
Ccphcpw kzKn t]mIphcmWv. ]c
kv]cw Ipw ]dbpX\pkcnmsWn C
cpIqcpw \cInepw t]mIpw AXn\m Ccp
IqcpsSbpw FXnn Imcysampan. [an
jvTcmbh kpJhpw ]m]nI ZpxJhpw GXp
aXnembmepw A\p`hnpw.
9. kXyhnizmkw kzoIcnpIbpw kevI A\p
jvTnpIbpw sNbvXhsc ktmjhm Adnbnp
I. Ahpthn NnetXmfpmbncnpw. Ahv
Ahn sS hv Blm c ambn Hmtcm ]gw \ev Ip tmgpw
""CXpXsbmWv Rv apv \evIsncpXv''
Fv Ah ]dbpw. ............AhhnsS ]cnipcmb
Nne CWIfpmbncnpw. (1.1.2.25)
kao: JpB\nse Cu kzKn\v temI
n\nv FmWp hyXymkw? temIn
ephXsbmWv apofpsS kznep
Xpw. hyXymkw C{Xtbbpqkznse
BWp ChnSstmse P\nbpw acn
bpw hcnIbpw t]mIpIbpw sNpn. Chn
Ss kv{XoI Fpw Pohnpn. Ahn
Ss CWI Fpw Pohnpp. Ibman
s (\ymbhn[n\m)\m hcpXphsc Ah
scs\ \m XnhnSpsav Adnhn. JpZm
2
Ah tcmSv Zb hp Im p p mhmw. Jp Zm bpsS
B{ian \mfpI XnhnSppmhmw.
FneXp icnXs. Fsm Cu apow
kzw tKmIpetKmkmbnIfpsS tKmtemIhpw
Aehpw t]msebmWv. AhnsS kv{Xo]pcp
j mv am\y X Iq Sp X ep v . AXp t]mse
JpZm bpsS hon kv {XoIp am\y Xbpw
kvt\lmZchpw IqSpw A{Xbpw ]pcpjmtcm
Sn. kv{XoIsf JpZm kZm kzn hn
cnpIbmWv. ]pcpjmsc AmXm\pw. Cu
kv{XoI JpZmhns A\p{KlanmsX F
s\bmWv kzn ]mpXv? CXp icn
bmsWn JpZm kv{XoPnX\t?
10. Amlp BZan\p khhkvXpfpsSbpw t]cpI
]Tnnp.]noSv B km[\sfsbmw aepIp
ImWnpsImSpnp ""\n kXyhmZnIfmsWn
ChbpsS t]cpI FtmSp ]dbpI Fv Ah Acp
fn...... BZta! AhbpsS \ma \o Ahp ]dp
sImSppI Fv Amlp Iev]ncpfn. As\ BZw
ChbpsS \ma aepIp ]dpsImSpp Ign
* kXy \ntj[n Im^n FXns `mjmcw
2. apo ssZhn\p ]dbp asmcp t]cv
390
tm BImi`qanbnse AZriyImcysfmw F\n
dnhpspw..... Rm \ntfmSp ]dnnt Fv
Amlp aepItfmSp Iev]ncpfn. (1.1.2.3133)
kao: Cs\ ae p Isf I_ fn n nv
Xmt]mcna shfnhmt Imcyw Amlp
hn\ptm? CsXmcp Uw`mWv. hnZzmmcnXw
KoIcnn. Cs\ Duw sImpIbpan.
Ccw Imcy sImmtWm JpZm alXzw
shfn hm p Xv ? A] cn jv Ir Xn S bn
GXpXcw Ahnizmkhpw `wKnbmbn hne
tmIpw, k`yP\nSbn \SpIbn.
11. BZans\ \n kmjvSmwKw {]Wan
p I. Fp ae p I tfmSp \mw Iev ]n
k`hpw kvacWobamWv. Atcw C_veo
kv JpZmhns B A\pkcnmXncpnpw
Hpw sNm Ign n . t\mp I, Hcp
Im^n C_veokv JpZmsb ASn]dbntm
apo ]d bpw {] Imcw thsdbpw Htsd
kXy \n tj [n I Dm bn cns Ah tcmSv
apowJpZmhnsbpw apofpsSbpw Fp
s]cp \SpsamWv? Nnetmsgmw ssZhw
NnecpsS tcmKw hnnpp. Nnetm
Nnesc hgn sX n p p. CsXmw JpZm
C_v eokn\np ]Tn Xm hmw. C_v eokv
JpZmhn \npw! C_veokn\v JpZmbmsX
asmcp Bim Dmhm\nSbn.
12. BZta! \obpw \ns CWbpw tXmn Xmakn
p Ibpw CXn \n Cn p t S p \n v
btYjv Sw Blmcw Ign p Ibpw sNbv Xp sIm p I.
Fm Cu hrs \n kao]npt]mIcpXv.
\n A{I an I fm bn ocpw Fp \mw Iev ]np
Fm ]nimNv Ahsc AXn\np sXnpIbpw
Ah cpt]scbpw Ah Pohnncp ep\nv
]pdpIbpw sNbvXp. \n Cdnsmbvsmp
I \n ]ckv]cw i{XpfmIpp; \nv Hcp
\nnXImew htcbvpw `qanbn hmkehpw Pohn
Xhn`hfpw Dmbncnpw. ]noSv BZw Xs cn
Xmhn \np Nne Xz {Klnp. (aSn) 1.1.2.35
37)
kao: JpZmbpsS Aev]Xt\mpI. kz
n hkn p hm BiohmZw \ev In;
]nev]w Ignv ]dbpp Cdn! Fv.
`hn jy n s\ n Adn hp m bn cp s n
hcw Fn\p \evIn? hgnsXnp C_veo
kns\ inn m Xn cp Xv Ign hn m bv a bm
sWp tXmpp. B hrw Bpthn
krjv Sn XmWv ? X\n p th ntbm ap
hpthntbm? aphpthnbmsW
n hne n b sX n\v ? CXn \m Ccw
Imcy JpZmbvtm Ah\pmnb {K
nt\m tNX. BZmatlw ssZhn
\nv FsmsbmWv ]TnphXv? `qanbn
e tlw hXv F{] Im c amWv ? B tXmw
]h X n em bn cptm? BIm i n em bn
cptm? AhnSpss\ Cdnhp? ]n
tbtmse ]dphtm? AtXm apIfn\nv
s]mn hotWm? CXn \n pw Hcp Imcyw
kv]jvSIpp. BZans\ apsImmWpm
n b sX n Ch cp sS kz n ep w
aptm? AhnsS _mnbp aepIfpw
apw Ccw icocmcmhmw. apsImp
icocw C{nbt`mKclnXamhpIbn. apsIm
p icocm acntXocp. acnp]w
AhnsS\nstmpt]mIpw? arXyp Dmhp
I bn s m sW n, P\ \hpw Dm bn n .
Papsn acWhpapv. As\sbn
kznse kv{XoI Fmehpw AhnsS
Pohnpp Fv JpB\n FgpXnbncnp
Xv AkXyambnocpw. Fsm Ahcpw
\nbambpw acnpw. As\sbn kz
n t]mIphcpw acnpsap Xo.
13 Hcp Znhks kqnpsImpI. Av Hcmfpw
asmcmpthnbpw bmsXmcp _m[yXbpw \ndth
pIbn. Bcn\npw Hcp ip]mibpw kzoIcns
SpIbn. Hcmfn\npw Hcp {]mbnhpw hmpI
bn. bmsXmcp klmbhpw Ahp e`npIbpan.
(1.1.2.48)
kao: Cu \mfp Isf `bs tS? No
sNp hm Fmfpw t]Sn Ww. in]mi
tIpIbnsn {]hmNIs kmytam
in]mitbmsImv kzw Inpsa hN\w
Fs\ kXyamIpw? JpZm kzneph
scbmsX \cInephsc XpWbvpI
bn t? A s\ sb n { ]hm N Is
kmytam in]mitbmsImv kzw Inp
sa hN\w Fs\ kXy amIpw? JpZm
kz n ep h sc b msX \c I n ep
hsc XpW bv p I bnt? A s\ sb n
JpZm ]]mXnbmWv.
14. aqkmp \mw thZ{Khpw thXncnm\p Ignhpw
\evInb (1.1.2.53)
kao: aqkmbvv thZ{Kw \evInsbn
391
JpB DmbXp shdpsXbmWv. aqkmbvv
(tami) ApXin \evInsbp ss__n
fnepw JpB\nepw FgpXnbnpv. ]t CXv
AwKoIcnmhpX. Fsm As\
Ap sNbvsXn Cpw sNWw. Ctm
gnmXv ]pw C. kzmnI Cpw
AdnhnmhcpsS apn hncmbn \Sn
pXpt]mse Apw Im]Syw ImWnncn
Ww. JpZmbpw tkhIcpw Cpaptm.
]ns mWv AZv `p X in Imm Xpw
sNmXpw? aqkmbvv thZ{Kw \evIn
sbn hopw JpB Fn\p \ev In?
\Xpw Nobpw sNm\pw sNmXncnm\pw
D]tZinpXv kh{X Hcpt]msebmIbm
hopw hopw hn`n ]pkvXIfpmp
Xv ]p\cpntZmjamWv. aqkbvpw apw
\evInb ]pkvXIn ssZhw hsXpw ]d
n cptm?
15 \nfpsS ]m] \mw s]mdppXcpw. kpIrXw
sNbvXhtcmSp \mw IqSpX HuZmcyw ImWnpIXs
sNpw (1.1.2.58)
kao: JpZmbpsS Cu D]tZiw Fmhtcbpw
]m]nIfmpXt? ]m]w s]mdpp Hcp
B{ibtI{apmbm a\pjycmcpw ]ns
]m]s `b s Sp I bn . A Xn \m
Cs\]dbpXv JpZmtbm CXv JpZm Dm
nb ]pkvXItam A. Fsm Ah
\ymbImcnbmWv. ]m]w anptm A\ym
bImcnbmIpw. Ipn\p Xhw in\
evInbmte \ymbImcnbmhq.
16. aqkm Xs P\Xbvpthn shw Bhiys
k`hpw kvacWobas{X. Atm \ns hSnsImv
]mdbnt ASnpI Fp \mw Acpfn. Atcw
]{v DdhpI AXn\np s]mnsbmenp. (1.1.2.60)
kao: t\mq Akw`hyamb Ccw Imcy
thdmcm\pw ]dbptam? Hcp In hSn
sImSnm ]{pdh Hcnepw Dmhp
Ibn. B ]mdbvIw s]mbmn shw
\ndv ]{v Zzmc an m am{Xta Cs\
shw HgpIq.
17 \n \ny cmb Ipcmcm bn o cpI Fv
Atcw \mw AhtcmSp Iev]np. As\ B kw
`hw Aphpw ]nev Imefn hcphpw \mw
Hcp ]mTamnhp. kqvaXbphv Hcp XtXzm]
tZihpw. (1.1.2.6566)
kao: \ny cmb Ipc m cm hp I sbv
shdptX t]Snnm ]dXmtWm? Fn
eXv anYybmbn. AtXmIfnntXm? Cs\
sbmw ]d bp Xv GXm bmepw JpZmb.
CsXmw FgpXnbncnp ]pkvXIw ssZh
IrXhpa.
18. arXnbShsc Amlp PohnnpXv As\
bm Ipp. Ah \np Xs Zrjv Sm
ImWnp XcpXp \n Nnnp {Klnphm\mWv.
(1.1.2.73).
kao: acn hsc JpZm Pohn n n cptm?
Fn Ctm FpsImv Pohnnpn?
Ibmans \mhsc I_dpIfn InSp
Ifbptam? Ctmgh XShnemtWm? C{Xsbm
s tb bptm ssZh n s IrXn I?
`qanbpw kqcyN{mcpw IrXnIft? temI
n ImWsSp hnh[ cN\mhntij
ssZhns IrXnIft?
19. Ah kzhmknIfmbncnpw Ah AXnemWv
imizXambn \nhknpI. (1.1.2. 82)
kao: A\amb ]m]]pWy sNphm
Hcp Poh\pw kmaYyan. AXn\m Fpw
kzntem \cIntem Ignbphm km[y
a . Cs\ ]mn p JpZm A\ym b
mcpw A\pambnocnt? Ibmans
\mfn \ymbhn[nbpmbm AXv ]m]]p
Wyp \ncpXmIWw. A\am
Xns êw Fs\ A\amIpw? krjvSn
bp mbn Gsg m bn cw hj sf Bbn p
s mWv Ch ]d bp Xv . CXn \p ap]v
ssZhw shdpsXbncnpIbmbncptm? Ibm
a n \p ti jhpw shdp tX bn cn ptam?
CsXmw Ipn fn t]m en cn p p. Fs
m Cuizcs {]hrnI Fpw \Sp
sImncnpw. ]m]]pWyfpsS Afh\pk
cnt AXns êhpw \evIq. AXn\m Jp
B\n CdncnpXv t\c.
20 \n At\ym\yw cw NnpIbn, kzP\sf
AhchcpsS hoSpIfn \np ]pdpIbpan Fp
\nfpsS ] \np \mw Icmdp hmnb k`hpw
kvacWobat{X. ]noSv \n kXnp icnhp.
\n kmyw hlnppapv. FnpIqSn Iqtc!
\nfnXm ]ckv]cw sIme sNbvXpsImncnpp.
\nfn Hcp hn`mKs AhcpsS `h\fn\np
_lnjvIcnpsImncnpp. (1.1.2.8485)
kao: {]Xn sNnpXpw sNpXpw
392
Aev]tcm ]cammthm? Cuizc kh
\mIbm Aev]cmb euInI a\p
jysctmse Fn\p sNWw? ]ckv]cw
tNmcsbmgpcpsXpw kzmsc IpSnbn
dcpsXpw ]dbpXn\w apaXm
cpsS tNmc NnWsapw BntbmSnW
sapat? CXp \Imcytam? CXv anYybpw
aqVXbpw ]]mXhpamWv. {]Xnbvv
hncpambn {]hnpsav Cuizc\dnhn
m bn cptm? apo fpsS JpZmbv pw
{Inkv Xym \n I fpsS ssZhn\pw kmZriyw
hfscbpsv CXn \np sXfnbpp. Jp
B kzX{IrXnb. Fsm CXnse
Ipdp ImcysfmgnsI asmw ss__nfn
DXmWv .
21. ]c tem Is hnv Cl tem I Po hn Xs ]Icw
hmnbhcs{X Ah. AXpsImv AhcpsS in
eLpIcnpIbn. Ahv klmbw e`npIbpan.
(1.1.2.86)
kao: Ccw CujymtZzj Cuizcs
] \npmhptam? in eLqIcns
Sp Ibpw klmbw e`n p Ibpw sNp h
cmWv? Ah ]m]nIfmsWn, ]m]n\p
in \evImsX eLqIcnpXv A\ymbam
Ipw. in\evIn ]m]w eLqIcnsSpsa
msWn, Cu hN\n ]dncnp
hp w As\ ]m]w eLq I cn m
hpXmWv. innnpw ]m]w eLqIcnpn
sn AXpw A\ymbamIpw. ]m] eLq
IcnpXns {]tbmP\w [mmm
sWn AhcpsS ]m] eLqIcnncns
JpZm ]nsp sNm \mWv ? CsXmpw
hnZzmmscgpXnbX. hmkvXhn [am
mv kpJhpw A[anIv ZpxJhpw
Ah c h cpsS {]hr np tbmPn hw
Ftmgpw IntXmWv.
22 \mw aqkmp thZw \evInbnpv. Atln\p
tijw XpSscpSsc ZqXmsc AbpsImpancpp.
acyans aI Cukm*bvv \mw hyamb ZrjvSm
\evIn. ]cnipmmhns\ffsmv Atln\p
\mw ]n_ew \ev In. Atm \nfnjv SsSm kt
ihpw sImv Hmtcm ZqX \nfpsS ASp hcp
tmgpw \n Alw `mhw \Sn p Ibpw Ah cn
Nnesc \ntj[npIbpw Nnesc h[npIbpamtWm
sNpXv. (1.1.2.87)
kao: tamibvp thZw sImSpsp Jp
B kmysSptm AXp hnizknm
apo \n_nXcmbn. AXnep tZmj
fpw apowaXn hps]p. hyamb
ZrjvSmsfp ]dbpXp shdpsXbmWv.
]mhw a\pjysc hebn hogvm AkXy
{]NcnnXmWv. Fsm krjvSn
{Ian\p hncpambsXmw s]mfnbmWv.
As ZrjvSmfnsmWnmXv?
Ch Csn Apanmbncpp. CXn
kwiban.
23 AhcpsS kXy\ntj[ kz`mhw aqew Amlp Ahsc
i]np Ignnpv. (1.1.2.88)
kao: A\ysc \n kXy \n tj[n (Im
^n)Isfp hnfn p tm Ah \n
sfbpw As\ hnfnpIbnt? AhcpsS aX
nse Cuizcs\smp `p ]dbnpI
bnt? Ch cn em cmWv icn? BcmWv sXv ?
Nnnm Fm aXfnepw sXpImWmw.
kXyw FmbnSpw HpXs Bbncnpw.
Cu hgpw hmWhpsamw shdpw hnUvVn
amWv.
24 kXyn hnizknphv Hcp amZi\hpw
Hcp ktmjhmbpamWv..... hhcpw Amlphn
sbpw Ahs ZqXmcpsSbpw Pn_vco K{_ntb
aomCu ssat Fn h cp sSbpw i{Xp hm bn
om, Amlphpw (Acw) kXy\ntj[nIfpsS
i{Xphmpp. (1.1.2.9798)
kao: JpZmbvv ]mfnIfmcpansv apo
]dbptm, CtmgnhnsSbo ssk\yw
klmbn\phsXhnSpmWv? A\ycpsS
i{Xp JpZmbpsSbpw i{XphmtWm? A
s\bmsWn icnb. Fsm Cuiz
c BcpsSbpw i{Xph.
25. AmlphmIs Xm\ptinphv Xs A\p
{Klw {]tXyIambn \evIpp. (1.1.2.105)
kao: {][m\nbmImt\m Zbbvtm tbmKy\
mbmfns\bpw {][m\nbmpIbpw Zbhp
Im p Ibpw sNptam? Fn JpZm alm
Xmtm n X s. Fn ]ns Bcv \
sNpw? No Bcpt]npw? Fsm
ssZhns CjvSnemWv, Iên
Hpw \n`cambncnpXv. CsXmhcnepw
* tbip
ff dplq IZvkv Fpaqew. K{_ntb F ]cnipm
mhv tbiphnsmw kZm Dmbncpt{X.
393
A\mkvYbpmn IhnapJcmpw.
26. thZmcn ]ecpw \nsf kXy\ntj[nIfmn
amm\m{Klnpp. (1.1.2.109)
kao: t\mq! ssZhwXs Ahsc Im^ndp
I \nsf hgnsXnpsap `bsSpp
p. kh\msWn ssZhw Cs\ ]d
bpIbn. CXv ssZhhN\hpa.
27 \n Ftmp Xncnp \nmepw AhnsSsbmw
Amlp hns apJw Dv. (1.1.2.115)
kao: Cu Imcyw icn bm sW n
apkamam In (sa )bv pt\sc
t\mn \nkvIcnpsXn\v? As\ sN
Wsav hn[nbpsn, Ftmpw t\mm
sa hn[n CXn ent? FsX nepw Hp
Ihpw Hp t\cpambncnptam? IqSmsX
Amlphns apJw FmbnStmpw Xncn
ncnpIbn. Hcp apJw HcnStmt Ccn
q . Fm bn S tmp w Fs\
Xncnncnpw? CsXmpw kwKXamb Imcy
a.
28. A, BImi`qanIfpsS \nmXmhv. Ah h
Imcyhpw Iev]np Ignm DmhpI Fp ]dbp
Iam{XamWv Ah sNpXv. DSs\ AXpmIpp.
(1.1.2.117)
kao: sImmw. JpZm I ev ]np "Dmhv '
Fv . BcmWv Iev ]\ tIXv ? BtcmSp
Iev ]np? Bcm Wp m bXv ? GXp Im c W
n\n p mbn? krjv Snp apv JpZm
am{X a msX asm p an m bn cp sv F
gpXnbncn p tm, Cu temIw Fhn Sp p
mbn? ImcWanmsX Imcysampw Dmhp
Ibn. Fn C{Xbpw henb PKv Imc
W an m sX hn Sp p mbn? CsXmw shdpw
IpnIfpsS Pev]\w t]msebmWv.
]qh ]w: A . JpZm bpsS C bn
\npmbn.
Dc]w: \nfnnm CubpsS Hcp
Ime p m Iptam? JpZm bpsS C bn\n n
sXmw DmsbmWtm \n ]dbpXv?
]qh: JpZm khi\mWv. CnpXp
sNpw.
D: khis\msemWw?
]q: CnpXp sNm IgnbpsXv.
D: JpZmbvv thsdmcp JpZmsb Dmm
\m hptam? kzbw acn m \m hptam? aqV\pw
tcmKnbpw Am\nbpamImtam?
]qh: Hcnepan.
D: Fn Xsbpw aphcpsSbpw
KpWIakz`mhp hncpambn Hpw
sNm\mhpIbn. PKn GXp hkvXphp
mIWsanepw aqp ]Zm A\nhm
cyamWv. Hv Dmph IpSapmp
hs\tmse. cv IpSns av, aqv
IpSapmm\mhiyamb ap km[\.
IpSapmpXn\pap]v Ipih\pw apw
ap km[\fpw Dt]mse PKns DXv]
np apv PK ns Imc W amb {]Ir
Xnbpw AXns KpWIa kz`mhfpw A\m
Znbmbpv. AXn\m JpB\n ]dbpXv
kw`hnmXmWv.
29. (sambnep) B ancs* a\pjyhKn\p
Hcp ktf\tI{hpw kam[m\hpambn \mw \nbn
........ C{_mloans es \n \akv Imc e
ampI. (1.1.2.125)
kao: IAv_mbvp ap]v JpZmasmcp ]hn
{X ehpw \nn nt? \nn s n
IAv _m Dm t Imcy an m bn cp p.
\nn ns n ]mhw ]qhn Isc ]hn {X
m\w CmsX \ne\nnbncnmw. ]hn
{Xm\w \nnm JpZm Av adpt]m
b Xmhmw!
30 hnUv Vnw kzbw kzoIcnh\msX amcmWv C{_m
loans aXs shdppI. \mw Atls Cln
DXvIrjvS\mbn XncsSpncnpp. ]ctemIpw
Atlw kpIrXw sNbvXhcpsS IqnXs Bbn
cnpw. (1.1.2.13)
kao: C{ _m loan s aXs shdp
hscmw hnUv Vn I fm hp sX s\?
C{_mloans\ ssZhw CjvSsSm ImcW
sav? [ammhmbncpXp sImmsWn
at\Iw [ammfpmhmasm. [amm
hmmXpsImmWnjvSsan AX\ymb
amWv. [ammsfbmsX A[anIsf
ssZhw CjvSsSn FXp t\cmWv.
31. \ns apJw AImip t\mn XncpsImncn
* I A_m ancw
394
p Xp \mw ImWp p v . \o Xr]v Xn s Sp
Jn_vebpsS t\sc \manXm \nsXncnm t]mIpp.
\ns apJw BZcWobamb {]m\mancns `mK
tp XncnpI. \n FhnsSbncpmepw \n
fpsS apJw AXns `mKtp XncnpI. (1.2.2.144)
kao: CXv Fcw hn{Klmcm[\bmWv? sN
dptXm heptXm?
]qh]: R apo hn{Klmcm[
Ic hn{Kl`RvPIcmWv. Jn_vesb ssZh
ambn RImWpn.
Dc]w: hn{Klmcm[\sbp \n ]d
bpXnepw B Bcm [ I hn{K l n
ssZhs ImWp n . ]Icw AXn p
ap]n Cuizc`nImpp, Ftbpq,
hn{K l ` Rv P I cm sW n Fp sIm mWv
Ghpw henb hn{Klamb akvPnZv Jnsb
XImXv?
]qh: AXpsImmw, Jn_vebntep apJw
Xncnm RtfmSv JpB Acpfppv.
thZnenmXp sNphct hn{Klmcm
[ I? R F s\ bmIpw? Jp Bs
AcpfmSv ImthcmWv R.
D: \nv Jp B \nepXpt]mse
Ahp ]pcm W fn Acp f m Spv .
\n JpBs\ JpZmbpsS hmWnbmbn BZ
cnpXpt]mse ]ucmWnI ]pcmWs
CuizcmhXmcamb hymks hN\ambn KWn
pp, \nfncphcpw Xn hn{Klmcm[\
kw_ nv hyXym k sampw C. \n
henb hn{Klmcm[Icpw Ch sNdnbXpamsW
tbpq. hon \np ]qsb HmSnm
t]mbtm HIw Ibdn ]mp Fp ]d
bpXpt]mse aplZv \_n sImp hn{Kl
sf apkvfofpsS aXn \np ]pdm
n. ]t henb hn{Klw, ]Xw t]mep
abnse akvPnZv apkammcpsS aXn
m]nsp. CXp sImp hn{Klmcm[\
hXpamtWm? Mvlm. R sshZnI [an
IfmWv. \nfpw As\bmbm hn{Klmcm
[\ XpSnb XnIfn \np c{]m]n
bvpw. Csn C \nfpsS henb hn{K
lmcm[\ \nmsX sNdnb hn{Klmcm[\
sNpXn env ]nmdWw. kzbw hn{K
lmcm[\bn \np amdn ]cnipcmIWw.
32 Amlphns amn h[nshscpdnv
Ah acWshcmsWp \n ]dbcpXv. Ah
Pohnncnphcs{X. (1.2.2.154)
kao: Cuizcs amn acWamcW
sfn\mWv. XImcyw t\Sm\mWv Cs\
]d bp sXv Fp sImv ]d bp n?
CsXmcp {]tem`\amWv. BfpI Np bpw
sNpw, hnPbw t\Smw F hnNmchpw ]n]n
epv. NmIm t]Sn th, sImbSnm
sFizcyw Inpw, ]noSv hnjbm\w A\p`
hnmw. CXymZn kzmYXItfmSpIqSnbmWv
Cs\ hn]coXImcy ]dbpXv.
33 Amlp ITn\ambn innph\msWpw........
]nimNns NhnSnIsf \n ]npSccpXv. Ah
\n fpsS {]Xy i {Xp hm Ip p. Zpjv Ir Xy n\pw
\oNhrnpw \ndnhp InmXv Amlphns
t]cn Btcm]nphm\pw am{XamWv Ah \ntfmSp
Iev]npI.
kao: ]m]nIfnepw ]pWymmfnepw Zbm
ep hmb JpZm ZpxJw ]I cptam? AtXm
apkammtcmSp Zbmephpw A\ytcmSv Zbm
lo\\ptam? As\sbn AXv Cuizct\
b . ] ]m Xn sb n \Xp sNp h
t\mSp Zbbpw A[w sNphv in
\ ev Ip h \p am I Ww. ]ns CXnnsS
JpB\nepw \_nbnepw hnizknt Bh
iyhpan.
34 ihhpw chpw ]namwkhpw Amlphm
hpthn AdpsXpw am{XamWv Amlp hntcm
[nncnpXv. (1.2.2.173)
kao: NnnWw, NXmbmepw sImXm
bmepw cp i hhpw Xpeyw Xs. CXn
Aev]w hyXymkapmbmepw NXp NXp
Xs. ]nsb \ntj[nXn\w a\pjy
amwkw `n m sa mtWm? Cuiz cs
t]cn i{Xpsf hfsc {Iqcambn ]oUnnp
sImpXv DNnXamtWm? CXn Cuizc\m
a n\p Ifw hcpw. ]qh P m ] cm[w
CmsX apkammcpsS ssIIfm ZmcpW
ZpxJw \evInbsXn\v? AhtcmSv Zbmepht
ssZhw? Ahsc ]p{XXpeyw ImWmsXv?
D]Imca[nIap ]iptfbpw apw sImp
Xp \ntj[nm, sImevbvp t{]cnnp
, JpZm temIn\p lm\nhcppp F
dnbWw. JpZm lnwksb ]m]m Ifn
X\pamIpp. Ccw hmIy ssZhn
395
\ntmssZhns ]pkvXIntem hcmhp
X .
35 {hXcm{Xnbn \nfpsS `mcyamcpambn klhkn
phm \nsfbnXm A\phZnncnpp. Ah \n
fptSbpw \n AhcpsSbpw hkv{XamWv. kzw tZl
tfmSv \n A\oXn {]hnpsImncnpp
sv Amlp {KlnpIgnnpv. ]t Amlp
\nfpsS sXpIp amp\evIpIbpw s]mdppIbpw
sNbvXncnpp. AXpsImv sh\q Idpp\qep
ambn thXncnp ImWphm Ignbpwhtcbvpw ({]`mXw
htcpw) taen Ahcpambn klhknpsImpI.
(1.2.2.187)
kao: apkammcpsS aXw {]Ncntm
AXnp apmbn GtXm ]ucmWnIt\mSv Ch
cmcm\pw Hcp amkw \op\np Nm{m
bW {hXsn tNmZnnpsp \nbn
mw. B imkv{Xhn[n N{ebpsS b
hrnI\pkcnv `Ww IpdbvpIbpw
IqpIbpw, a[ymnam{Xw `npIbpw
sNm \m Wv . AX dn bmsX N{s\ Inv
`n m ]d Xm Imw. AXv apo
C{]ImcamnsbSpp {hXn kv{Xokam
Kaw ]mSn . kv {Xokam Kaw JpZm A\p h
ZnpsImSp A[n I ku P \y am Imw. cm{Xn
bn F{Xsbnepw XhW `nm\pw A\p
hmZapv. CsXp {hXamWmthm? ]I Xon
bn . cm{Xn Xo X s. ]I `n msX
cmhn XnpXv krjvSn{Ian\p hncp
amWv.
36. \ntfmSp bpw sNphcpambn Amlphns
amn \nfpw bpw sNpI. Ahsc Ipap
p ephp sImpIfbpI. a\w sImetb
m ITn \ X c a s{X. a\w Cm Xm p Ibpw aXw
Amlphn\[o\sSpIbpw sNpw htcpw \n
Ah cp ambn bpw sNbv Xp sIm p I. Bsc nepw
\nsf B{Ianm Ah \nsf B{Ianhn[
n Xs \n Ahs\bp w B{ I an p
I.(1.2.2.190,191,193,194)
kao: JpB\n Ccw hmIyfnmbn
cpsn apkamm, A\y a X m tcmSv
C{Xhenb A]cm[ sNpambncpn.
A]cm[anmhsc sImpXmWv AhcpsS
Ghpw henb ]m]w. apow aXw kzoIcn
pXmWv ChnSs a\w. (Ip{^v). AXn
t\m \v sImebmWh ]dbpp. AXm
bXv Zo\n (JpB\n) hnizknmhs\
(IXv) sIme sNmsav AYw. As\
sNbvXpw t]mp. aXn\pthn s]mcpXn
cmPy \jvSsSpnbnpv. apaXm
tcmSv AXnItTmcamb at\m`mhamWv Chp
Xv. In\p IamtWm ]Icw? I
m \ tfmSv If hp \ Sn A] cm[w
sNbv Xm \mapw Ifhp \Sn ]Icw
hotWm? CXp Xopw A\ymbamb Imcy
amWv. GsXnepw Am\n \sf Ak`yw
]d m \mapw Ifhp \Sn ]Icw
hotWm? CXp Xopw A\ymbamb Imcy
amWv. GsXnepw Am\n\sf Ak`yw
]dm \mapw Xncnv No hnfntWm?
CXv Cuizcstbm Cuizc`\mb hnZzm
stbm, CuizcIrXamb ]pkvXInsetbm
inWa. kzmYnbpw Am\nbpamb a\p
jysbmWv.
37. Amlp \mis CjvSsSpn....... kXyhnizm
knIsf! \n ]cn]qambn Cman {]thinp
sImpI. (1.2.2.205 208)
kao: \miw Amlp CjvSsSpnsn,
\miw sNphm apkammsc t{]cnnp
Xpw Ah tcmSp ssa{Xn ]pep Xpw
Fn\mWv? Cman tNmse JpZm {]k
\mIpthm? Fn apow ]]mXnbmWv
B JpZm. temtIi\. CXn\nv JpB
ssZh IrXaspw CXn ]d bp JpZm
ssZhaspw sXfnbpp.
38 Amlp Dtinphv Ah IWnmsX
\evIpw. (1.2.2.212)
kao: ]m] ]p Wy t\mmsX ssZhw
IWnmsX sImSpptam? ]ns \Xn
sNpXn AYanmXmbn Fs
m kpJ Zpx J {]m]v Xn Ah\ptin p
hmWtm. [a hn ap J cmbn apo
tXmp w ]Sn \Sp Xn Xp sImmWv .
A]qhw Nne Cu JpB hN\w hnizkn
msX [ammfmbpw Pohnppv.
39 BhImespdnv Ah\ntmSp tNmZnp
p. \o ]d bpIx AXv D] {Z h( Im e) am Ip p. AXp
sImv BhLfn \n kv{XoIfn\nv
AIncnpI. Ah ipnbmIpw. htcpw Ahsc
\n kao]ncpXv. ipnbmbngnm Amlp
\ntfmSp Iev]n amneqsS AhcpsS ASp
sNpI.....\nfpsS `mcyam \nfpsS Irjneam
Ipp. \n Cnp hn[w \nfpsS Irjn
ep sNpI...... \nfpsS i]Yw ewLnpXnv
396
Am lp hns\ \n sfmcp XS amn hbv cp Xv .
(1.2.2.222,223,224)
kao: cP kz e bpsS kv ]itam kwK atam
]mSn s s gp Xn bn cn p Xv \ Im cy am Wv .
Fm Irjn e amWv Cn p hn[w
Irjnep sNpI FXv a\pjysc hnj
bmkcmpItbbpq Amlphns\ adn
ISv i]Yw ewLnmsap ]dbpXv Fm
h tcbpw i]YewLI cm p I tb bpq.
As\ Amlp Ins {]NmcI\mbn
ocpw
40. Amlphnp \\nebvp ISw sImSpphm\m
cpv? As\ ISwsImSpp]w Ahp AXp
Cc n n c n bmbn Amlp hn npsIm Sp pw.
(1.2.2.245)
kao: ssZhn\v IS* sImnsp {]tbm
P\w? PKXv {kjv Smhv a\p jy tcmSp ISw
hmpItbm? Hcnepan. Adnhnmhtc
Cs\ ]d bq. JpZm bpsS JP \mhv iq\y
amtbm? lpnbpw ]oSnIbpw \Sp hym]m
cn apgpIn ISwsImpIbmhptam? Hp
ncn sImSpmsap ]dbpXp tkm
cpsS ]Wn bt? CsXmw Zo hm fn Ip fnv ,
sNehv A[nIw sNbv Xv ISw Ib dn b htc
sNq. Cuizc sNpIbn.
41. As\ kXyhnizmkw kzoIcnhcpw kXys
a\ ]qw \ntj [n hcpw Ah cn s bp v .
Amlp Dtinsn Ah ]ckv]cw s]mcpXpIbn
mbncpp. Xm\ptinpXv Amlp {]hnpw.
(1.3.2.253)
kao: Dmb bp samw JpZm bpsS C
bmtem? A[aw sNm Dt in m
sNptam? FneXv JpZm b . kam [m\w
XIv bpw sNnpXv \hcpsS ]Wn
b. CXn\nv, JpB CuizcIrXtam
GsXnepw hnZzm cNntXm Asp sXfn
bpp.
42. BImi`qanIfnepsXmw Xs AhtXmIpp.
BImi`qanI DsmpXmWv Ahs knwlmk
\w. (1.3.2.255)
kao: BImi`qanIfnep ]Zmsfmw
PohnIpthn Cuizc krjvSnXmWv.
X\npthn krjvSnX. Cuizc ]q
Im a \m I bm At l n s\mpw th.
Ah\v knwlmk\w Dsn GItZinbm
Wv. Cuizc GItZinb. Cuizc kh
hym]nbmWv.
43. icn Amlp kqcys\ Ingp\nv DZnnpp.
\o AXp ]Snmdp \nv DZnnpI. A{IanIfmb
P\Xbvv Amlp amw ImWnpsImSppIbn.
(1.3.2.258)
kao: AhnZybpsS {]IS\w ImWpI. kqcy
Ingp\np ]Snmtdmtm ]Snmdp\np
Ing tmtm t]mImsX kzw ]cn [n bn
{àWw sNpp. JpBs Imhn\v hm\
im kv {Xtam `qan im kv {Xtam Adn hn m bn cp
sv CXn\nv sXfnbpp. B{IanIv
amw ImWnp sImSppIbnsn ]pWym
mv Cu apow JpZmbpsS Bhiyan
. [amm Ftmgpw kmnem
bncnpw. [aamn\np hyXnNen
hmWv am Zi\w th Xv . Cu
Ihyw \ndthmXv JpB cNbnXm
hns henb sXmWv.
44 Amlp Acpfn. \mep ]nIsf ]nSnv Ahsb
\obpambn CWpI. ]noSv Ahsb Hmtcm hn`mK
sbpw Hmtcm ae I fn sImp t]mbn hbv p I.
Fnv Ahsb hnfnpI. Fm Ah \ns ASp
tev HmSnhcpw. (1,3.2.260)
kao: _tet`jv! Xebn \nemhpZnhsc
tmse apowJpZm IfnbmSpXp t\mpI.
CXmtWm JpZmbpsS JpZmXzw? _pnamm
Ccw JpZmbvv XnemRvPen \evIn AIp
\nevtbbpq. aqVm hogpIbpw sNpw.
Cuiz cs al z n\p ]Icw Xn I
Ahsc NqgpIbpw sNpw.
45 Xm\ptinphv Amlp XXzm\w \evIp
p. (1.3.2.269)
kao: Dtinphv Xzm\w \ev In
bm Dtinmhv Am\w \ev Ipam
bncnpw. Cu hmpI Cuizcoba. ]]m
XanmsX mt\m]tZiw \ev Inbmte Cuiz
c\pw B]v X\pw Bhq, amcpw BhpIbn.
* Cu hN\ns `mjyn X^vko lpssk\n
FgpXpp. Hcph aplZp\_nbpsS ASpp sNv
tNmZnp. dkqemlv JpZm Fn\mWv ISw tNmZn
pXv \ns kzn sImpt]mIm\msWv
Dcw \In. Av Pmayw \evImsan Rm
sImSpmsambn Abm. aplZp\_n Pmayw \nv .
`\v JpZmhn hnizkan. JpZmbpsS {]hmNI
\n hnizmkw Dv. (aljn Zbm\kzman)
397
46. ]enihmnnph...... \cIhmknIfmbncnpw.
(Sn. 275)
kao: Ah I_ dp I fns InS t
ptam? F{XImetv? Ccw Akw`h
IY\ _me_pnmsX thZ]pkvX
In\p tNcpX.
47. Xm\ptinphv Ah s]mdppsImSppp.
Xm\ptinphsc Ah innpw. Amlp k
i\mIpp. (1.3.2.284)
kao: anm tbmKyt\mSv anmbv Ibpw
Atbm Ky t\mSv an p Ibpw Kh IWv T*
cmPmhn\p tN IrXyat? ssZhw CjvS
{] Imcw ]m]n sbbpw ]pWym m hn s\bpw
DmpIbmsWn Pohmmhns\ ]m]]p
Wy GipIbn. Cuizc As\ sNp
sn Poh\v kpJZpxJ DmIm ]mSn
, tk\m[n]s BPv R {] Imcw in]mbn
Bsc sb nepw sImp Itbm cn tbm
sNbvXm AXns êw in]mbvp e`nm
Xp t]msebmImw CXpw.
48 kv{XoI, km\, Iqmcambn Iqnbncnp
kzw..... Fns\ CjvSs hkvXtfmSp t{]aw
ImWnpXp a\pjyp henb Aemcambn tXmp
p. kqaX ]mennphp XfpsS cnXmhn
Nne tXmfpv. AhbpsS Xmgv`mKfneqsS
AcphnI HgpInsmncnpw. AhnsSbmWh imiz
Xambn \nhknpI. (AhhnsS) ]cnipamb Nne
CWIfpw Dmbncnpw. Amlp Xs ZmkmcpsS
nXnKXnI icnp t\mnmWppv. (1.3.3.1415)
kao: CXp kzKtam thiymh\tam? CXoiz
ct\m kv{XoeSt\m? Ccw Imcyfp
]pkvXIw ssZhntXmsWv _pnbp
hcmscnepw hnizknptam? Fn\mWv Cu
]]mXw? kzn kZm ]mp CW
I ChnsS P\nv Atmp t]mtbm AtXm
AhnsS P\ntm? ChnsS P\nv AhnsS
sNp IqSn b h cm sW n Ibm a ns
Xtev Ahsc Fn\p Xncnp hnfnp?
Ah cpsS BWp sf hnfn m sXv ?
Ibmans \mfn Fmhpw \ymbhn
[nbpmIpsa \nbas `RvPnsXn\v?
AhnsS P\n h cm sW n Ibm a ns
\mhsc GX Sn m \ n Ahn sS
]mpp? AhhnsS `mmcps
n kzn sNp apkammv
JpZm CW Isf FhnsS \np sImSppw?
kzK n Fpw ]mp kv {XoIsf
krjvSnXp t]mse ]pcpjmsc krjvSnm
sXv? AXn\m apowJpZm A\ymbm
c\mb A\mWv.
49. Amlphn aXw Cmw am{XamIpp. (1.3.3.19)
kao: Amlp apofptSXp am{XamtWm?
aphcp tS Xt? CXn\nv Jp B
CuizcIrXa GtXm ]]mXn FgpXnb
XmsWp knnpp.
50. Hmtcm a\pjypw Ah {]hnXn\p {]Xn
êw XnIpw \evIsSpw. HcmtfmSpw A\oXn ImWn
pIbn. (Hm \_o!) \o ]dbpI B[n]Xyns \mb
I\mb Amlpth! \o Dtinphv B[n]Xyw
\evIpp. \o DtinphcpsS ]\nv B[n]
Xyw ]nSnsSppp. \o Dtinphv Ap
\Ip p. \o Dt in p hsc \ny cmn hnSp p.
Fm \Ifpw \ns InemWncnpXv. \o khi
\s{X. \o cmhns\ ]Ienepw ]Iens\ cmhnepw
{]thinnpp. \noh hkvXpfn \nv Poh
\p hkvXpsfbpw Poh\p hkvXpfn\nv
\noh hkvXpsfbpw \o ]pdtp sImphcp
p. \o Dtinphp IWnmsX PohnX hn`h
{]Zm\w sNpp. kXyhnizmknI kXyhnizm
knIsf hnp kXy\ntj[nIsf cm[nImcnIfmn
hbvcpXv. As\ hh\pw sNbvsXn Amlp
hpambn Ahv bmsXmcp _hpanXs. Amlp
hns\ Ipdnv kqn n cp p sIm W sav Ah
\nsf CXm XmoXp sNpp. \nfpsS Ip
\np s]mdppXcpw. Amlp ]caImcpWnI\m
Wv. (1.3.3.26 31)
kao: Hmtcm Pohpw Ia ns ]qW
êw \Ip Xm bm an bv t Xn .
an p ]w ]qW êw \ev Ip n .
AX\ymbamWv. Poh\nmXn\np Poh
\pXpw Poh\pXn \nv \nohhpw
DmIptam? Cuizcs \nbaw AtZyhpw
At` Zy hp am Wv . Hcn epw amdn a dn bp X .
C\n ]]mXw t\mpI apow aXn
esn Ah Im^n dm bn . Ah cn
t{ijvTt\mSpt]mepw an{XX ]mSn. apkam
\mb ZpjvSt\mSv IqmImw. CsXmw Cuiz
cs\ CuizcXbn\np _lnjvIcnpp.
AXn\m Cu JpB\pw, JpB ssZhhpw
apofpw ]]mXw AhnZy Fnhbm
\n d Xm Wv . AXn \m apkam m
* KIWvT cmPmhns IY BNmc`m\p F sNdp
]pkv XInepv . Aev ]w \oIYbmIbm ChnsS
]Iphm hnjaamWv.
398
AIm c n epam Wv . C\n apl Zp \_n
bpsS eoe t\mq; Fs ]w ]nSnm
JpZm \nfpsS ]mIpw; \n ]
]mXw Imnbmepw anp Xcpw. CXn\nv
a\ n em m hp Xv apl Zv \_nbpsS
lrZbw ipambncpsmWv. AXn\m
XImcyw t\Sp Xn\v Atlw Jp B
Dm p Itbm Dm ntbm sNbv XXm
sWp a\nemmw.
51. "Hm abw! Amlp \ns DIrjvSbmbn Xncs
SppIbpw (khKpWfn\npw) \ns ]cnip
bmn shpIbpw temIp kv{XoIfnhv \ns
DIrjvSbmbn XncsSppIbpw sNbvXncnpp.
(1.3.3.42)
kao: Cm ev ssZhtam ssZh Zq Xtcm
ham\w ]dbphm hcmdn. ]v ]ns
s\bmWv hncpXv? ]s Bm
]pWymmfmbncpp, CtmgsbmfpI
A FmsWn AXp anYybmWv, Fm
{InkvXpaXhpw Cmw aXhpw {]Ncnp XpS
n b Im ev Amnse Bm A[n
Ihpw ]Tn n m A] cn jv Ir X cm bn cp p.
Xnanw Cu hnZymhncpaX {]Ncn
p. Ctm hnZzm m A[n I amI bm
CsXmpw \Sn. Ccw kmclo\amb aX
{ItaW bnpw. A`nhrnsSpIbn
.
52 Ah Hcp Imcyw Xocpam\np Ignm DmhpI
Fv AXnt\mSp ]dbpIam{XamWv Ah sNpI.
Atm AXpmIpw..... Ah Nne KqVX{
{]tbmKnp. Amlphpw Nne KqV X{ {]tbm
Knp. Amlp KqVX{ {]tbmKnphcn AXn
ka\t{X. (1.3.3.4754)
kao: JpZmbmsX amcpansv apo
hnizkns JpZm BtcmSmWv ]dbpXv? ]d
tm Fpmbn. Bcpmbn? CXnp
cw apo GgpPnepw ]dbpIbn
. D]mZm\ImcWanmsX Imcysampw Dm
hpIbn. ImcWanmsX ImcyapmIpsap
]d bp Xv , A \ am cn m sX bmWv Fs
icocw DmbsXp ]dbpXpt]msebmWv.
KqV X{w {]tbm Kn p Xpw A\p ` hn p
Xpw Hcnepw Cuizc\. Fsm D
acmb a\pjyt]mepw KqVX{w {]tbmKn
pIbn.
53. 3000 aepIsfbndn \nfpsS cnXmhp klm
bnpXp \np aXnbmIbnt? (143.124)
kao: apkammsc aqhmbncw aepIsf
bndn XpWncpsn, Cv km{amPy
sfmp hfsc \jvSsnpw \jvSspsIm
ncp npw XpW bv m sXt? CXp
shdpsX {]tem`\w \evIn aqVmsc AI
sSpm\p alm A\ymbamWv.
54 kXy\ntj[nIfmb P\Xbvv FXncmbn Rsf
klmbnp..... AmlphmWv \nfpsS cm[nImcn.
Ghpw \ mbn klm bn p h\pw Ah \m Wv ......
\n Amlphns amn h[nsp. As
n acWaSp..... Fm..... Amlphn\np e`n
p A\p{Klw DaambXpXs (1.4.3.146,149,156)
kao: apkammcpsS sXp t\mq. CXca
X msc sImm ssZ h tmSp {]mn
pp! CXptIm Cuizc shdpw km[p
hmtWm? apofpsS cm[nImcn Amlp
hmsWn Ah ]cmPbsSpsXmWv?
JpZm apkammtcmSv tamln s]ncn
ptm? JpZm Cs\ ] ]mXnbmsW
n [ammv D]mk\obt\b.
55 AZriyImcy \np shfnsSpn Xcp
]Xnhv Amlphn\n. Xs ZqXmcn CjvSaphsc
Ah XncsSppp. AXpsImv \n Am
lphnepw Ahs ZqXmcnepw hnizknpI. (1.4.3.179)
kao: AmlphnemsX amcnepw hnizkn
p I bnpw Bcpw JpZm bpsS kmn b
spw ]d bp apo {]hm N I \n
JpZmbvp XpeyXbp \ IsXs\?
Amlp {]hmNI\n hnizknm ]dbp
p. Atm {]hmNI\pw Amlphpw Xpey
cmbn. ]ns, Asp ]dbpXp icnb.
CXn w , apl Zv \_n {]hm N I \m I
bm hnizknWsamsWp a\nemn
bmepw apl Zv \_n bpsS Bh iy IX
Fs {]iv \w DZn p p. {]hm N I \m
msX JpZmbvv kzw Imcyw \nlnm
Ign hn s m sW n JpZm Ak aY \m
sWp hcpp.
56. kXyhnizmknIsf! anpI..... FXninIsf
kqnpsImp kwLSnp \nevpI. Amlphns\
kqnpIbpw sNpI. (CsXmw D]tZinpXv)
\n PohnX hnPbw {]m]nphm\mIpp. (1.4.3.200)
kao: JpB\nse JpZmbpw {]hmNI\pw
bp tam ln I fm Wv . bp n\v Blzm\w
399
\evIpbm kam[m\ `RvPI\mWv. \ma
am{Xambn JpZmsb `bsm apn Inptam
AtXm A[a bp amb bps `b s
m Inptam? BZytXmsWn `bsSp
Xpw `bsSmXpw XpeyamWv. cmat
XmsWn icnXs.
57. CsXmw Amlphns ]cn[nIfmWv. Bscnepw
Amlphns\bpw Ahs ZqXs\bpw A\pkcnm
Ahs\ NnetXmfn Amlp {]thinnpw. Ah
bpsS Xmgv `mKfneqsS AcphnIsfmgpnsmncnpw.
AhnsSbmWv Ah imizXambn \nhknpI. AXs{X
almb hnPbw. Fm hhcpw Amlphnsbpw
Ahs ZqXsbpw Iev]\ ewLnpIbpw Amlp
hns ]cn[nIsf IhpshbvpIbpw sNbvsXn
Ahs\ Amlp \cIn {]thinnpw. AXnem
Wh imizXambn \nhknI. AhmWp \nmhl
amb in A\p`hntnhcnI. (1.4.4.1314)
kao: JpZm Xs {]hm N I \mb apl Zv
\_nsb Xs XpWbmfmnbncnpp. CXv
JpB\nsegpXnbnpapv. JpZm {]hmNIs
]nSnbn Fs\ s]ncnpspw t\mp
I. kzn ssZhns ]mfnbmbncn
pp, {]hmNI. JpZmbvv X\nsb Hpw
sNm\mhmbvIbm kzX{\. Atm
]mfnbnmh Fp ]dpIqSm. C
s\bpsXmpw Cuiztcmamb ]pkvXI
n hcnXs.
58. Amlp (a\pjyp {]Xnêw \evIptm) Hc
Wpthmfhpw A\oXn ImWnpIbn. HcWpthmfw \
bpsn AXv Ccnbmbn Ah hnnpsImSp
pw. (1.5.4.40)
kao: HcWpthmfw A\oXnImWnpIbns
n ]pWyw Fs\ Ccnbmn \evIpw?
apkammtcmSv Fn\v ]]mXw sNp
p. Ccntbm, Ipdtm Iêw \evIp
XpsImv JpZm A\ymbmc\mIpw.
59. As\ \ns ASp \nv Ah Fgptp
]pdpt]mbm \o ]dXn\p hncpambp \S]
SnI FSpphm cm{Xnbn KqVmtemN\ \Sp
Ibpw sNp p. Ah \S p KqVm tem N\I
Amlp Fgp Xp p v .... Amlp Ahsc Ah
{]hn XnI ImcWambn XeXncnp hnncnp
I bm W sm. Amlp hgn Im Wn msX hn hsc
hgnImWnWsamtWm \n hnNmcnpXv? h
h\pw Amlp hgnImWnncpsn ]noSv Ahp
t\amw \o IspIbn. (1.5.4.81,88)
kao: ssZhw Hmtcmpw FgpXn IWp]p
kvXIw DmpbmfmsWn kh
\sp \nbw. k\msWn Fgp
Xn h bv p sX n \v ? Bfp Isf hgn
sXnpXv C_neokmsWp apkamm
]dbpsnepw, BfpIv ssZhw hgn
ImWnpIbnsp ]dbptm C_neokpw
JpZmbpw Xn FmWv hyXymkw? ssZhw
henb C_neokpw sNIpm Ndnb C_n
eokpsa hyXym kta Dmhq. apow
hnizmkw, hnph C_neokmsWm
Ip p . Cu hn iz mkw Jp Zmsb sNIp
m\mpp.
60. AhcpsS ssIIsf XSbpIbpw sNbvXnnsn A
hsc ]nSnpIbpw IpappnSphv sImpIbpw
sNp I. Ahs Xn cmbn (bp w sN p Xn\v )
\nnXm hyamb A[nImcw \evInbncnpp.
Hcp kXyhnizmknsb h[nphm asmcp kXyhnizm
knpw A[nImcw C. h kXyhnizmknsbbpw A_
ambn h[npt]mbm Hcp kXyhnizmknbmb ASn
asb kzX{\mtXmWv. Ahs IpSpw_v
Ahs Poh \ jv S n\p {]Xn êw \Ip Ibpw
thWw. ]t Ah amp sNpIbmsWn \tI
Xn. C\n h[nsh \nfpsS i{XpkapZmb
nsh\pw Hcp apoapamWv. Fm Hcp apow
ASnasb kzX{\mtXmWv..... Hcp kXyhnizm
knsb hh\pw a\x]qw h[nm Ah\p {]Xn
êw \cIamIpp. Ah AhnsSbmWv imizXambn
\nhknpI. Ah Amlphns tIm]n\pw im]
n\pw ]m{Xambnoh\mWv. (1.5.4.9193)
kao: ] ]m X ns ]mcayw t\mp I,
apkam Amhs\ ImWpnSpshv
sImWw. apkams\ sImcpXv. AdnbmsX
apoans\ sImm kzw Inpw. Ccw
D]tZi InWnsednp IftbXmWv.
Ccw ]pkv XIw, Ccw {]hm N I,
Ccw JpZm, Ccw aXw, Fmw lm\nb
msX Hcp {]tbmP\hpw DmpIbn. Ch
CmXmWp \v. Ccw {]amZ]qamb
aX fn \n Iv sshZn I [ ns
inW AwKoIcntXmWv. Fs
m AXn Aev ]w t]mepw Ak Xy an.
apkams\ sImm \c I amWp Inp I
sbv Ahcpw, kzw Inpsav apaXmcpw
]d bp p. CXn te XmWv kzoImcyw FXv
AkzoImcyw Fp ]dbpI. Ccw aqV{]I
ev]nXamb aX XyPnv thZm\pkrX [aw
Fm a\pjycpw kzoIcntXmWv, AXn
Bcyamn t{ijvTa\pjycpsS hgnbn
kcnm\pw ZkypfpsS ZpjvScpsS
400
hgnbn kcnmXncnm\pw FgpXnbncn
pXt{X kthmaw.
61. ssZh Zq X \p ambn FXnp \nev p Ibpw kXy
hnizmkn I fptSX m ams ]nXp S cp Ibpw
sNbvXnpsn Ah Xncnbp `mKtv \mw
Ahs\ XncnphnSpw. Ahkm\w \cIn Fnp
Ibpw sNpw. (1.5.4.115)
kao: JpZmbpsSbpw ZqXsbpw ]]mXw
t\mpI. aplZv\_n hnizknpXv C
s\sbms ssZhsn FgpXnbnsn
Xs aXw hfcpIbnspw ]n_ew Inp
Ibnspw kpJt`mK e`npIbnsp
am Wv . CXn\nv Hp hy am Ip p v .
XImcyw t\SpXnepw ]ct{Zmlw sNp
Xnepw Atlw \n]pW\mbncpp. CXn\m
A\m ]v X \mb At l ns hmp Iv
hnZzmmcpsS kaw {]mamWyan.
62. hh\pw Amlphns\bpw Ahs aepIsfbpw
Ahs thZsfbpw Ahs ZqXmscbpw AyZn\
sbpw \ntj[np Ifnpsn Ah t\am
n \np hyXnNenp hfscb[nIw AIpt]mbn
cnpp..... hnizknp. ]nsbpw \ntj[np. ]nsbpw
\ntj[np. ]nsbpw hnizknp. ]noSv AhcpsS kXy
\ntj[w IqSnsmncnbpw sNbvXp. Cs\bp
hv Amlp s]mdppsImSppIbn. Ahp
amw NqnmWnp sImSppIbpan. (1.54. 136.137)
kao: Ctmgpw ssZh n\p XpW bv m fn
sp ]d bmtam? klm bn bn sp ]d bp
Ibpw ae p I sf n {]kv Xm hn p Ibpw
sNp Xv ]c kv ]chn cp a t. aq p
{]mhiyw anp ssZhw ]noSv anm
sX mWv ? aqp XhW kXv \n tj[w
sNbv Xm hgn Im ptam? \mep X h Wbv p
tijw hgnImpIbnt? \mep XhW \ntj
[nm \ntj[w IqSpItbbpq. (AX\pk
cnv hgnImepw IqSWw).
63. Amlp I]ShnizmknIsfbpw kXy\ntj[nIsfbpw
apgph\pw \cIn HcpanpIqpw..... I]ShnizmknI
Amlphns\ hnpp.... kXyhnizmknIsf! kXy
hnizmknIsfhnv kXy\ntj[nIsf \n Ban{X
fmn hbvcpXv. (1.6.4.140,142,144)
kao: apo kznepw aph \c
Inepw t]mIpsaXn\v FmWp sXfnhv?
No bm fp IfpsS NXn bn s]Sp Ibpw
A\ysc NXn p Ibp w sNp Jp Zm
\n\n I n cn s. NXn b m sNv
Iqp Iq Sn sm s. JpZm Ah tcmSpw IqSn
sms. Fsm ""Nnsm N
c'' Fptm. NXnb ssZhns D]m
kIcpw NXnbmcmIpXnsemWZv`pXw?
ZpjvS\mb apoant\mSv ssa{Xnbpw \h\mb
A\yt\mSv hntZzjhpw DNnXamtWm Fm
temNnpI.
64. a\p jysc! \n fpsS cn Xm hn \np
kXyhpw sImmWv (Ahs) ZqX \nfpsSbSp
hncnpXv. AXpsImv (Atln) \n
hnizknpI. Amlp Htcsbmcp ssZhamIpp. (16
4.170171)
kao: ZqX\n hnizknphm ]dbptm,
hnizm k n Am lp hn\v klm bn bp
spw hcnt? Amlp khhym]nb,
GItZinbmWv Fnte ZqXmv ASpp
sNphm\pw Zqsct]mIphm\pw Ignbq. ssZhw
khhym]nsbpw GItZinsbpw AhnS
hnsS FgpXnbnpv. CXn\nv Jpdm Hcm
f ]e tNpmnbXmsWp sXfnbp
p.
65. ihw, cw, ]namwkw AmlphmhcpsS \ma
n AdpsXv, izmkw apnXv, Xnsm
Xv, (Dbcn) \nv hoWpNXv, ap arK Ah
bpsS sImpsImp IpnsmXv ZpjvSPp
(h[np) XnXv Chsbmw \np \njnamn
bncnpp. (2.6.5.3)
kao: C{Xbpw ]Zm sf \njn am
bptm? ap arKfpw XncypIfpw, IoSmZn
Ifpw A\phZ\obambncnpw. CsXmw a\p
jykev]fmWv, CuizctX. AXn\m
{]amWhpa.
66. Amlphn\v \ \nebvp ISw sImSppIbpw
sNp]w \nbambpw \nfpsS sXpIsfmw
Rm ampIfbpIbpw Xmgv`mKqsS AcphnI Hgp
Insmncnp Nne tXmfn \mw \nsf {]th
innbpw sNpw. (2.6.5.12)
kao: sImmw! JpZmhns hon [\sampw
tijnnpmhn. tijnncpsnsen\v
ISwsImWw? \nfpsS sXpI ambnp
Ifv kzn Fnmsav ]dXv
Fn\mWv? JpZmbpsS t]cv]dv aplZv
\_n XImcyw ImWp I bm bn cp sv
CXn\nv sXfnbpp.
67. Amlp Dtinphv Ah s]mdpp sImSp
pp. Ah Dtinphsc innpp. Bpw
401
\evInbnnmXp \npw \evIpIbpw sNbvXp.
(2,6,5.1820)
kao: C_neokv Bsc thWsanepw ]m]n
bm p Xp t]mse ap ow Jp Zmbp w
C_neokns ]WnsNpp. As\bmsW
n \cIntem kzntem t]mtIXv
JpZmbmWv. Fsm ssZhw ]m]]pWy
sNpbmfmbn, Pohmmhv ]mc[o\
\pambn. tk\m]XnbpsS Bb\pkcnv
ssk\yw Bscsbnepw sImpItbm cn
p Itbm sNbv Xm tk\m ] Xn mWv
AXns \XnI. ssk\yn\. Chn
sSbpw AXpt]membn.
68 Amlphns\bpw Ahs ZqXmscbpw A\pkcnp
\SpI. (2.7.5.95)
kao: JpZmbvv klmbnbpsv sXfnp.
BcpsSbpw XpWbnmh Fv ]dbpXv
shdpsXbmbnt?
69. Ignp t]mbXv Amlp amp sNbvXnpv. `mhn
bn Bscnepw (Cu sXntep) aSnbm Amlp
Ahs t]cn inm\S]SnsbSppw. (2.7.5.95)
kao: sNbvXpt]mb ]m] anpXv
]m]w sNm t{]cnnv Ah hnnem
Wv. ]m]w anpsav FhnsSsbnepw ]d
bpsn AXv Cuizcstbm GsXnepw
hnZzm stbm IrXn b , ]m] h I am Wv .
ht m hp ]m] n \nv hnp \n
evm {]mnpXpw kzbw {]bXv\npw
]m]npw hnp\nevpXpw DNnXamWv.
shdpsX ]m]npIbpw ]m]n \n
Ip \nevmXncnpIbpw sNpXpsImv
êtabn.
70. Amlphns t]cn Iamtcm ]n p Itbm
Asn "F\np Znhyktiw e`nnpv' Ah\v
bmsXmcp ktihpw e`nnnmXm\pw Fp ]dbp
Itbm sNp h t\ m A{Ian Bcm Wp Xv ?
Amlp AhXcnnXpt]msebpXv Rm\pw AhX
cnnmsap ]dbpht\m A{Ianbpw BcmWv?
(2.7.6.93)
kao: CXn\nv Hcp Imcyw sXfn bp p.
JpZm hns hN \ Fs ta C d p
sv aplZv \_n ]d Imev, Xs
taepw hN\andpspw Rm\pw {]hmNI
\m sWpw thdmtcm Ah Im i s n cp p.
Abmsf AI m\pw kzbw \ne \nev m\pw
thn Cu hN\ AcpfnbXmbncnWw.
71. \mw \nsfkrjvSnp. Fnp \mw \np cq]w
\ev In, ]noSp aepItfmSp BZans\ kmjv SmwKw {]W
anpIsbp \mw Iev]np. C_veoskmgnp _mn
bphscmw \akvIcnpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah {]W
anhcnepsn. Rm \ntmSp Iev]ntm \o
\akvcnmXncnm ImcWsasp Amlp tNmZn
p. C_veokp ]dp Rm BZans\m DIr
jvS\mWv. Fs \o krjvSnncnpXp XosImpw
Ahs\ krjvSnncnpXp IfnapsImpamWtm.
Amlp ]dp: AhnsS\nv CdntmIq. AhnsS
\n \v Alw `m hw \Sn p hm Ah Im i an .....
C_veokv ]dp; a\pjysc (acWm\cw) Fgpt
ev]np Znhkw hsc F\nv Ah[n \evIq. Amlp
Acpfn : \n\v Ah[n \evInbncnpp. C_veokv
]dp: Fs \o hgn sX n n cn sImv \ns
t\amn \np a\pjysc hgnsXnphm \n
bambpw Rm Imncnpw. Ahcn A[nIamfpIsfbpw
IrXcmbn \o ImWpIbn. Amlp ]dp: \o
\ny\pw Xsh\pambn AhnsS\np ]pdpt]m
Iq. a\pjycn \ns ]nXpScpXmtcm, \nsfm
hscbpw sImv Rm \cIw \ndbvpw. (2.8.7.1118)
kao: C_veokpw JpZmbpw Xn \Sp
iWvT {itbmsS tIpI. Cu C_veokv
shdpsamcp `rXys\tmeph\mWv. Ahs\
tmepw JpZmbvv Aa sNm Ignn
, Ahs Bmhns\ ipnbmm\pw Ign
n. Cs\sbmcp Xmtmnbmb hncp
s\, BfpIsf ]m]nbmpXn\np hne
m\pw ssZhn\p Ignn. CXp henb
sXm bn tm bn. C_v eokv Fmhtcbpw
hgnsXnptm ssZhw C_veokns\ hgn
sX n p p. CXnw ssZhw C_v eo
kns C_veokmsWt? Xs hgnsXn
sv C_veokv JpZmtbmSp ]dbppv. Cu
JpZmbn ]hn{XXbpw ImWm\n. Fm Xn
IfpsSbpw Bcw`m\w JpZmbmWv. Ccw
JpZm apo p sImmw. ap t{i jv T
mp tNX. tZhZqXmtcmSp kwkm
cnp Cu JpZm icocap Aev]\pw
\ymb c ln X \p am Wv . AXn \m hnZzmam
Cmw aXw CjvSsSn.
72. Bdp Zi I fn embn BIm i `q an Isf krjv Sn
Amlp XsbmWv \n fpsS cn Xm hv . ]noSv
Ah knwlmk\n Ccpp (hn{ianp) kSs
psImv \nfpsS cnXmhns\ hnfnpI. (2.8.7.54
55)
kao: BdpZiIfn * PKns\ krjvSnp
* BdpZn\fnsev ap JpB XPpaIfn ImWpp.
402
Ibpw ]ns knwlmk\n CcnpIbpw
sNp CuJpZm kh i n amt\m kh
hym]ntbm A. AXpsImv CXv JpZmb.
Cu Jp Zm s]m \mtWm? hn fn mte
tIpthm? CsXmpw Cuiz c c Nn X a .
JpB Cuizcobhpa. BdpZiIfmbn PK
p m n, Ggmw Zi bn hn{i a hp ambn!
oWn p t]m b Xmhmw! InS p d n bnv
CXphsc Fgptnnt? Fgptsn h
]Wnbpw sNpptm? AtXm shdpsX Ae
k\mbncpv kpJnbmtWm?
73 `qanbn Ipgapmnsmv \miImcnIfmbno
ccpXv. (2.8.7.74)
kao: CXp \ ImcyamWv. ]t CXnp
hn] co X ambn shp hn fnv Im^ do sf
sImm\pw ]dbpptm. CXv ]qhm]c
hncpat? CXn \np a\nemmhp
Xv , \_nv in bw Dm b tm Cu
D]mbw Is n b Xm hmw. in hn
tm iWvTIqpIbpw sNbvXncnmw. GXm
bmepw ]ckv]c hncpamIbm cpw kXy
a.
74 Atm aqkm Xs hSn \nenp. XWw AXm
AXp kv ]jv S am bn p Xs Hcp ]mm bn o cp p.
(2.9.7.107)
kao: Cs\ FgpXnbncnpXn \nv
JpZmbpw \_nbpw CsXmw hniz kn n cp
st {Klnm\mhppq. Fn Chcn
cp hcpw hnZzm m c m bn cp p. Fs m
In\p ImWm\pw sNhnp tIm \pta
Ignbq. AXn\m CXv C{PmeambncnWw.
75 Atm shsmw, shpnfn, t], Xhf, cw
Fnhsb hyamb ZrjvSmfmbn AhcpsS t\sc
\mw Abp. AhcpsS Imcyn \mw inm \S]Sn
IsfSpp. Ahsc \mw kap{ZnemgvnsmpIf
p. C{kmCu kXnIsf \mw kap{Zns adp
Icbn Fnp. Cu P\XbpsS amw \inns
Spw. Ah {]hnpsImncnpXv \njvêhpam
Ipw. (2.9.7,133, 136, 138, 139)
kao: \ns Rm ]mns\ hnp ISnp
sImnpsav Nne Ia{hmZnI òj
WnsSppXpt]mencnpnXv! Hcp Iqsc
Ac ISpIbpw Hcp Iqsc apnsmp
Ibpw sNp Cu JpZm A[nbpw ]
]mXnbpat? tImSnWn\p a\pjycpsS
aXw IamsWpw XfptSXpam{Xw icn
bmsWpw ]dbphcptSXnt\m hymP
aXw GXmWv? Fsm Hcp aXnepw
Fm BfpIfpw \htcm Notbm Bbncn
n. Hcp hitbvp am{Xw kqNn Xncnp
hbvpXv almaqVmcmWv. ]gb \nban
tebpw P_qdntebpw Jpdm\papmbncp thZ
]p kv X I hN \ I am bn cptm?
IamsWp ]d Ah thsd GsXnepw
aXntXmbncptm? Bbncpsn AXv
GXv aXw? Jp B\n \nv AXns t]cv
]d bmtam?
76 \nbambpw Fs \o ImWpIbn. AXns\ Ah
IjvWw IjvWamnfp. aqkm t_m[clnX\mbn
hoWp. (2.9.7.143)
kao: ImWm IgnbpsXmpw hym]Ia
. Cs\ ApX Imn NpnbSn JpZm
CubnsSbXv \nnhtm? Xopw hnZym
hncpamb Ccw Imcysfmpw hnizkn
cpXv.
77. \ns cnXmhns\ \ns a\n hn\btmSpw
`btmSpw IqSn Dnep hmpI IqSmsX {]`m
Xnepw kmbmnepw kvacnpI (2.9.7.205)
kao: NnteSsmw Dkzcn cnXm
hns\ hnfn m ]d bp p, Nnte S smw
Xmgv kzcnepw. CXnteXmWv icn? GXp
sXv? ]ckv]chncpambXv DKoXambn
cnpw. {àclnXmambtX hnizknmhq.
78. bpn ssIhcp sImapX Fp icnbmb
`mj. kzpsfpdnv Ah \ntmSp tNmZnpp.
kamnX kzp Amlphnpw ZqXpw Ah
ImisXmIpp. AXpsImv Amlphns\ kqn
pI. (2.9.8.1)
kao: sImbnSpI, sImmcs ]Wn
sNbvI, JpZmbpw {]hmNI\pw tNv ]cnip
thjw sIpI, CsXmw B cy P \Iw
Xs. Am lp hns\ `b s Sp I, Fnv
sImbSnpI apXemb ZphrnI sNp
I, RfpsS aXw _lptIasav ebn
msX ]dbpI CsXmw shSnv kXyamb
thZ [w kzoI cn m Xn cnpIC Xn tesd
IjvSsapq?
79. kXy\ntj[nIfpsS thcpXs AdppIfbpI
H n \p ]p dtI asm mbn hcp Bbncw ae p
Isfsmv Rm \nsf klmbnpw. kXy\ntj
[nIfpsS lrZbn Rm `bw P\nnpw. AXp
sImv (kXyhnizmknIsf!) kXy\ntj[nIfpsS Igp
403
pI shnsmpI. AhcpsS hncepIsfmw shn
apdnbvpI. (2.9.8,7,9,12)
kao: _tet`jv! CsXsmcp Zbmlo\cmb
ssZhhpw {]hm N I\pw! Aap kv fo sf
thtcmsS Adp p I f bWw t]mepw, ssZh
ns Btbm! AhcpsS IgpdpWw!
ssIImepIfnse hnc apdnWw! Cu JpZm
cmh W s\ m Ipd C\ a . CsXmw
Jp B Imhns hIbmWv, ssZhn
tX. ssZhntXmsWn \apv B
ssZhn \nIemw. B ssZhhpw Hgnp
t]mIs.
80 Amlp apkammtcmSp kXyhnizmkn Fp XPp
abn apkam F ]Zn\v kXyhnizmkn Fpw
Im^n FXn\v kXy\ntj[n FpamWv Jp B
]cn`mjI k{X {]tbmKnncnpXv IqsSbmWv.
kXyhnizmknIsf Amlphnpw ZqXpw \nsf
Pohnnp \np amfntebvv Atlw hnfn
m Dcw \IpI. Amlphnt\mSpw Ahs ZqX
mtcmSpw \n h\ ImWncpXv. Amlphpw
KqUmtemN\ \Snsmncpp. KqUmtemN\ \S
pXn Amlp AXnka\s{X. (2.9.8.19,24,27,30)
kao: Amlp apkvfow ]]mXntbm? Fn
eXv A[amWv. Cuizc Fm krjvSnbp
tSXpamWv. hnfnmsX ssZhw tInt?
_[n c \mtWm? Ah t\m sSmw {]hm N I
klm bn bm bXv \m bn . Am lp hns
GXp JP\mhmWv \ndncnpXv. hn
m? {]hmNItbpw AhcptSbpw JP\m
shmgnsI asmw sImbSnmtam? Cs\
D]tZinm Am\npw A[npta
Ignbq. KqVmtemN\ \SpIbpw \Sp
htcmSv tNcpIbpw sNp JpZm Im]Syn
tbpw NXnbptSbpw A[ntbpw ssZh
at? Cu Jpdm ssZhIrXtab. GtXm
Im]Symc NXnb DmnbXmWv. As
n Cs\sbms FgpXn hbvptam?
81 Iogvhgw Amlphnpam{XambnocpIbpw sNp
Xphsc Ahcpambn bpw sNpI. \np h
[\hpw e`nnpsn AXns Ansemcwiw Am
lphnpw ZqXpw. AhImisXmIpp. (2.9.8.3941)
kao: Cs\ A\ym b ambn bpw sNn
p apkvfow JpZmtbm imn`RvP\w
sNnp amcmWpXv? Cu aXn D]
tZ in p, Am lp hnpw {]hm N I\pw
thn sIm bn Sp Ibpw CSp hn p Ibpw
sNp k{Zmbw Ih m cp tS Xt?
sImapX en \nv ssZhw ]p ]nSn p
Xv Ihmc\mIbmet? Cu sIm
mcpsS ]w ]nSnpXv ssZhnIXbvp
a te ev ]n em Wv . Cu ssZhhpw ]pkv X
Ihpw {]hm N I\pw temI n imn `w K
ns D]m[nIfpambn FhnSpp hmthm!
Bcyw Xs. Ccw aX temIv
{]NcnmXncpsn temIw B\nem
dmSntbs\.
82 kXy\ntj[nIsf, AhcpsS apJpw ]n`mK
fnepw ASnpsImv aepI sImp k`w \o
Incpsn Pzenp AnbpsS insbmp
cpNnp t\mp I. Ah cpsS Ip Imc W ambn
Ahsc \mw \innp. ^nHus kapZmbs \mw
apn sm p I bm Wp m b Xv . Am lp hn \ns
Imcy `ctaev]npI. (2.9.8.50,54,60)
kao: Fp ]dbpp? CubnsS djy Sn
tbbpw Cwv CuPn ]v Xn s\bpw Iog S n.
ssZhZqXm Atm FhnsStmbncpp?
Xs B{inXcpsS i{Xpsf ssZhw apn
smpabncpsn Ctmgs\ sNm
sXv ? As\ kw` hn mbv I bm Cu
Imcyw hnizk\oba. ""\n\sp sNm\m
bmepw ap aXmv AXp ZpxJZmbIamI
Wsapw'' apap D]tZi F{X No
bmsWp t\mpI. hnZzm\pw [mnI\pamb
Zbmep Cs\ D]tZinn. JpZm Zbmephpw
\ymbImcnbpw BsWv AnsgpXopv.
\ymbw Zb XpSnb kZvKpW Cu JpZm
bn \ns{Xtbm AIsebmWv!
83 Hm, \_o! \n\p Amlphpw \ns ]nXpSp
kXyhnizmknIfpw am{Xw aXn. Hm \_o! kXyhnizm
knIsf bpn\v t{]cnnpI, amioecmb Ccp]
Xpt] \nfnepsn Ccp\qdpt]sc PbnSmw.
\n ]nSnsSpXn \Xpw \nbam\pkrXhpam
bXp `np sImpI. kqnpI. Amlp At
bw s]mdpph\mWv. (2.10.8.64,65,69)
kao: Xs `mKw ]nSnv A\ymbw sNbvXmepw
AhcpsS ]w ]nSnpXpw \ sNp
Xpw Fp \ymbhpw [hpw sshZpjy
hp amWv ? P\ fn imn `wKw Dmn
bpw sNbvXpw sNnpw sImbSnp
apX \nbam\pkrXamsWp ]dbpbmsf
anph\pw ZbmephpamsWp ]pIgvp
Xv JpZmbv, \ a\pjyp t]mepw
404
tNX. Ccw hN\fp JpB
CuizchN\tab.
84. AhbnemWv Ah imizXambn \nhknpI. al
mb {]Xnêw AmlphnemWpXv. kXyhnizm
knItf! \nfpsS ]nXmmcpw ktlmZcmcpw kXy
hn izm k n s\ Xn cmbn kXy \n tj [ s bmWv
kvt\lnpsXn Ahsc \nfpsS cmIm
fmn shcpXv. ]noSv Amlp Xs ZqX\nepw
kXyhnizmknIfnepw Ahs ] \np a\xk
am[m\w Cdnp.... \np ImWphm Ignbm
Nne ssk\ysfbpw Ah Cdn. Fnp kXy\n
tj[nIsf Ah innp..... kXy\ntj[nIv {]Xn
êw CX s{ X. . . . ]n oSv CXn p tijw Xm
Dtinp h cpsS sXv Amlp s]mdp p sIm Sp
pw....... kXyaXn\p Iogvsp Pohnmhcpamb
thZmtcmSv bpw sNbvXpsImpI. (2.10.9.22, 23, 26,
27, 29)
kao: kznephcpsS ASpmWv JpZm
sbn Ah khym]nb. khym]n
sbn krjvSnImthm \ymbm[oit\m
BhpIbn. kzw amXm]nXmsfbpw an{X
sfbpw AI p Xv shdpw A\ymbamWv .
No D]tZiw sNbvXm AXv tIcpXv.
]t Ahsc kZm ip{iq jn Ww. ]v
JpZmbvv apotfmSv henb kvt\lambn
cpp. Ahsc XpWbvm ssk\ys Cd
nsmSppambncpp. Ctmgs\ sNm
sXmWv? Im^dnsf innnv ]noSv
Ahp t\sc Cdpambncp JpZm Ctm
sg hn sS bmWv ? bp an msX kXy hn
izmkapm m ssZh n\p Ign bn?
Ccw ssZhn \nv AIse \nevmw.
CsXp ssZhw? shdpsamcp Iqmmc!
85. Amlphn\np t\cntm AXsn R
fpsS ssIpXstbm Ah \nv B]ph
cpn shbvpsamWv \nfpsS Imcyn R
{]XonncnpXv. (2.10.9.52)
kao: apo ssZhns t]meokmb
sXv ? Xs ssIsImtm. R fpsS
ssIp X stbm ap aX msc ]nSn Iq Sp
satm? tImSnWn\p apa\pjy ssZh
n\p {]nbshct? apowfnse ]m]n
Ifpw A{]nbcmtWm? Fn ""AImcpc
bnse KhI cmPmhns' \nbamhenbm
ehmw* CXv. _pnammcmb apofpw Cu
ASnm\anm aXn hnizknpXp
IjvSamWv.
86. kXyhnizmknIpw, kXyhnizmkn\nIpw Nne
tXm \evImsav Amlp hmKvZm\w sNpp.
AhbpsS Xmgv`mKfneqsS AcphnI HgpInsmn
cnpw. XX B tXmfnemWv imizXambn \nhknp
I. ncambn \nevp Nne tXmfn DXvIrjvS
fmb Nne hmke almbXv Amlphns
{]oXnbs{X. AXs{X almb hnPbw....... A[nt
]nbpw ]cnlknbpw sNphcmtcm Ahsc Am
lphpw ]cnlknpw. (2.10 9.72, 79)
kao: CXv kv {Xo]p cp j mv ssZh \m a
n \evIp {]tem`\amWv. Csn apl
Zp \_nbpsS hebn Bcpw s]Snmbncp
p. apaXmcpw CsXmsbmWv sNp
Xv. a\pjy ]ckv]cw ]cnlknpw. ]t
ssZhn\nXp tNX. GXmbmepw Cu
JpB XamiXs.
87. ssZhZqXpw AtltmsSmw hnizknhcpw X
fpsS [\wsImpw tZlw sImpw bpw sNbv Xp.
AhmWv \IfpXv..... Amlp AhcpsS lrZb
p ap{Zhncnpp. Xnanw Ah {Klnp
n. (2.10.9.88,93)
kao: t\mq XImcymcs ]Wn! apl
Zv\_ntbmSp hnizmkw ]peph am{X
amWv \h! Amh No! CXv ]
]mXnsbpw, AhnZybptSbpw B[nIyat?
JpZm ap{Zhsn, ]m]w sNpXneh
, JpZmbvmWv A]cm[w. AhcpsS lrZb
n \IbdmsX ]qnhbvpIbmWtm
DmbXv? CsX{X henb A\ymbamWv!
88. Zm\[ aptJ\ ipnbpw hfbpw t\Snsm
Spphm AhcpsS [\n \np Zm\[
kzoIcnpIbpw Ahpthn {]mnbpw sNp
I..... kzw {]Xnêambn \evImsa \nbnt
kXyhnizmknIfpsS ] \nv AhcpsS Poh\pw
[\hpw Amlp hnebvp hmnbncnpp. Ah
Amlphns amn bpw sNpp. As\
h[npp. h[nsSpIbpw sNpp. (2.11.9.103.111)
kao: sImmatm aplZv kmln_v! Av
tKmIp eob tKmkm bn Iv Xpey ambn
sNbv Xp I f sm. Zm\w hmepw AXp
ip am epw tKmkm bn I fpsS ]Wn bm Wv .
JpZmbpw sImmw. \ IhSw Xs. ]mh
shsc aposfsmv sImnv em`sa
Sp p Xv sImmw. A\m Ysc sImn p
Xpw AXn\p Iqenbmbn kzw \evIpXpw
* BNmc `m\phnse IYbmWnXv
405
Zbbnmbvabpw A\ymbhpamWv. CXv JpZm
bpsS JpZmXzn\v Ifw Nmn _pnam
mcnepw [mnIcnepw AhbpfhmIpp.
89. kXyhnizmknIsf, \nfpsSbSpp Xmaknp
kXy \ntj[nItfmSp kacw sNbvXpsImpI. Ah
\nfn ]cpjkz`mhw ImWs. Hmtcm sImhpw Hcp
{]mhiytam Asn cp{]mhiytam B I]Shnizm
knIsf Hmtcm Xcw B]pIfn AIsSpnsm
ncnpXv Ah ImWpnt? FnpIqSn Aq
]m]np hncanpItbm NnnpItbm sNpn
tm. (2.11.9.123,126)
kao: t\mq, asmcp hnizmkh\ JpZm
ap o sf ]Tn n p I bm Wv . Abm c
s\tbm h h cp sSbpw `rXy s\tbm kabw
]mv B{IanpItbm sImpItbm sN
Ww. Ccw JpB hN\fm apkam
m As\ [mcmfw sNbvXnpv. C\nsb
nepw Ccw Imcy NobmsWp a\
nemn Jpdm\nse Ccw hN\sf \ncm
Icnp ]w AXp \mbncnpw.
90. BImi`qanIsf Bdp Zni*Ifnembn krjv Snncnp
AmlphmWv \nfpsS cnXmhv. ]noSh Imcy
Bkq{XWw sNbvXp \nb{npsImv knwlmk
\n m\apdnp. (3.11.10.3)
kao: BImiw Hbpw Bcpw krjvSnm
Xpamb A\mZnbmWv. AXp krjvSnssgp
Xnb Jpdm Imhn\v ]ZmhnZy Adn
hn m bn cp p. Cuiz c\v Bdp Zn hkw (Zni)
thtWm krjvSnm? "Dmhv' Fmm
]nm Dmhpw Fv JpB\ns ]d
ncns BdpZnhktam (Bdp ZniItfm)
thn h cp n. AXn \m Cu Bdns
IWv icnb. hym]I\msWn apIfn
knwlm k \ n se n \n cn Ww? Imcy
"\nb{npIIbmsWn JpZm a\pjy
Xpey\mWv. kh\mb ssZhw m\ap
dnncpv Bkq{XWw sNbvXp \nb{np
sXn\v? AXn\m Cuizckzcq]adnbm
{]mIrXcmWv Cu ]pkvXIw cNnsXpsX
fnbpp.
91. Amlphns ImcpWyhpw Ahs A\p{Klhpw
aqew am{XamWv Cu Jp B \nv.... (3.11.10.58)
kao: Cu JpZm apofptSXp am{Xtam? ap
h cpsS ssZh at? Imcp Wyhpw A\p
{Klhpw apkam\v! ampw C. apkam
Fp ]d m [an jv T \m sW n
Abmsn\v inWw? apo a m
hv inWw \evIpnsn JpZmbpsS
inWw hyamWv.
92. \nfntehpw \mbn {]hnpXmcmsWv
Ahp ]condnbphm\mWv. acWm\cw \nsf
]p\ohnnpsap \o ]dbptm (3.12.11.7)
kao: {]h\w ]conpbm kh
\ . ac Wm \ cw Dbnn p sa n
hnNmcWShn hncnbmhmw. acnh
Pohnn F kz\nbas CXp JWvUn
pp. CXv ssZhn\v A]IonIcamWv.
93. Hm `qao! \ns shs Dntep henpI.
BImita ag\npI. shw Ipdbm XpSn......
Fs kap Zm bta CXv Am lp hns H I amWv .
\nsmcp ZrjvSmambnmWv CXp \nesImp
Xv . AXpsImv CXns\ hntpI. CXv Amlp
hns `qanbn tap XnpsIms. (3.12.11.44,64)
kao: F{X _meniw! `qanbpw BImihpw ]d
m tIptam? sImmw! ssZhn\v
s]sm I ap s n BsWm Ihp w
ImWntam? B\ IpXnc Igp X Ifpw Dm
hptam? ssZhw H I ns\ tabv p Xp
ImWm _lp c k am bn cnpw. khm cnbpw
sNptam? C s\ bm sW n \hm _ns
ih fm Wn sXm.
94. BImi`qanI \ne\nevp Imetmfw Ah
AXnemWp \nhknpI........ PohnX hnPbw {]m]n
h BImi`qanI \ne\nevp Imetmfw kz
nemWv imizXambn \nhknpI. (3.12.11.107108)
kao: Ibmans \mIgnv Fmhcpw
kz nepw \c I nepw t]mIp sa n
BImihpw ]rYznbpw BmWv? BImihpw
`qanbpw D{Xbpw Imeta kznepw \c
Inepw ]mq Fn "kznepw \c
Inepw kZm ]mpsap ]dXp I
amWv. Cs\ Atc ]dbq. Cuizct\m
hnZzmt\m ]dbn.
95. bqk^v Xs ]nXm hn t\m Sv ....... Fs {]nb s
]nXmth Rm kzv\n Incnpp. (3.12.12.4 ap
57hsc)
kao: Cu {]IcWn ]nXm]p{XkwhmZ
cq ] n \ndsb IY I fmWv . AXn \m
* asm XaIfnepw BdpZn\w FmWv. ss__n
fnse DXv]nbpambn XmcXayw sNpI
406
CuizcIrXanXv. GtXm a\pjy a\pjyNcn
{XsagpXnbXmWv.
96. XqWp I IqSm sX Xs BIm i a Wv U e sf
Dbn h n cn p h \s{X Am lp. Ah Xs
knwlmk\n m\apdnp. kqcys\bpw N{
s\bpw Ah IogvsSpnhp. `qapJs hnimeam
nbnSpIbpw...... Ah BImip \np ag s]n
pp..... tXmX\pkcnp hcnshsamgpIpp.... Xm\p
t in p hv Amlp karnbmbn Blmcw
\ev Ipp. ]cnanXsSppIbpw sNpp. (3.13.13.2
3,17,26)
kao:apowssZhn\p ]ZmYhnZy Adnp
IqSm. Adnbmambncpsn BImin\p
XqWpw Xmpw sImSpp IY ]dbpIbn
mbncpp. knwlmk\n Ignbp JpZm
khi\pw khhym]nbpw BhpIbn.
taLhnZy Adnbmambncpsn BImip
\np ag s]n p s s gp Xp I bn . `qan
bn \n p shw tatem sm gp
sbspsIms gp Xn bn ? JpdmIm c\v
taL hn Zybpw Adn hn m bn cp p. \Xpw
Nobpw sNm kpJ Zpx J \ev Ip
XpsImv ]]mXnbpw A\ymbmc\pw
\nccIpnbpamWv.
97. Xm\ptinphsc Amlp hgnImWnmsX hnSp
p. ]m]np aSphsc Xs ASptev
Ah hgnImWnpIbpw sNpp. (3.13.13.27)
kao: Amlp hgn Im Wn p n s n
C_v eokpw JpZmbpw Xn FmWp
hyXymkw? C_veokv aphsc hgn]ngnp
Xn\m NobmsWn JpZm hgnImm
bv Ibmepw No bm hp nt? hgn Im m
hpw \cIw hn[nmsXv?
98. Cu JpBs\ Ad_n`mjbnep Nne Iev]\I
fmbnmWv \mw AhXcnnncnpXv. \n\p icnbmb
m\w hp Innbtijw...... \psS ktiw P\
sf Adnbnphm\p _myXam{Xta \n\pq. Ah
cpsS IWpt\mm \p Npa Xe \ap m Wv .
(3.13.13.37,40)
kao: JpB FhnsS \nmWv hndn
bXv? ssZhw apIfnemtWm? Fn GItZ
inbmIbm ssZhaXv. Fsm ssZhw
kh{X Hcpt]mse hym]nncnpp. kt
isanpXv ktihmlIs tPmenbm
Wv. ktihmlI a\pjys\tmse GI
tZ in bm b h \p a Xn. IWv FSp pXpw
XopXpw a\pjys tPmenbmWv, ssZh
ntX. Fsm ssZhw kh\m
Wv. \nbambpw JpB GtXm Aev]
\mb a\pjy FgpXnbXmWv.
99. CSapdnbmsX kcnpsImncnp hn[n
kqcys\bpw N{s\bpw...... a\pjy XnI A{I
anbpw Aev ]wt]mepw \n bn m h\pw Xs.
(3.13.14.33.34)
kao: kqcy\pw N{\pw kZm k cn p
tm `qan kcnpnt? Csn cm]
IepI hjtfmfw \oXmhpw. a\pjy
B{Ianbpw \nbnmh\pamsWn Jp
B\n \np inWw tXSpXp shdpsX
bmWv . ]m]w sNpXmWv kz`mhsan
]pWymmm DmhpItb C. temIv
]pWymmmfpw ]m]nIfpw kZm ImWs
Spp. AXn\m Cmcyw CuizcIrXamb
{KnteX.
100. Rm cq]sSppIbpw Fs Poh AXn Rm
DuXpIbpw sNbvXpIgnm B a\pjy\p \n
kmjvSmwKw \akvIcnpsImWw. ....... Fs cn
Xmth! Rm hgn]nghs\p \o hn[n Iev]nncn
sImv `qanbn a\pjyp Rm ]eXpw AewIr
Xamn ImWnp sImSppw. Fnv Ahsc Rm hgn
]ngnpw. (314.15,29,39)
kao: JpZm Xs Poh BZan DuXnsb
n Abmfpw JpZm Bbn . As n
kmjvSmwKw \akvIcnpsImWsap ]d
sX n\v ? sNIp ms\ hgn ]n g n Xp
JpZmbmsWn JpZm sNIpms Bim
Xs bt? hgn ]n g n p hs\ \n
sNIp m \mbn KWn p s n sNIp
ms\ hgn]ngnXpw JpZm Xs. Rm
hgn ]n g n p sav sNIp m Dd s d
npw ssZhw Ahs\ ]nSnp sIn sImm
sXv ?
101 khkapZmbfnepw \mw Hmtcm ssZhZqXmsc
\ntbmKnnpv...... \mw D]tZinm ""DmIq'' Fv
AXnt\mSv Iev]npI am{Xta sNtXpq. DSt\
AXm AXpmIpp. (3.14.16.3640)
kao: Fm kapZmbn\pw ssZhZqXmsc
Absn, Fmhcpw ZqXmcpsS hgntb
Pohn p h cm I Ww. ]ns s\ Im^n
Bbn? \n fp tS b msX ap {] hm N Isc
AwKoIcnnt? CXp XnIpw ]]mXam
407
Wv. FmbnSpw {]hmNIsc Absn
BcymhnemscbmWbXv? CsXmw
ip s]mfnbmWv.
JpZm Dtinpp ]dbpp `qanbpmI
s v. B PUhkvXp Hcnepw tIn.
ssZhw Fn\v B ]pd s Sp hn Ww?
JpZmbmsX asmpansncns BcmWv
Iev]\ tIXv? DmbsXv? CsXmw Ahn
ZybmWv. Am\nItf CsXmw hnizknq.
102 Amlphn\v AhcXm s]asf m]npp.
hmkvXhn Ah ]cnip\s{X..... AmlphmWp
kXyw. (ZqXmsc) \mw Abnpv. (3.14.16.5763)
kao: Amlp s]IpnIsfsmsp
sNpw? a\p jyt ]p{Xn amsc thq?
]p{Xmsc m]nmsX ]p{Xnamsc m]n
psXn\v? CXns ImcWw ]dbmtam?
BWbnSpXv ImcmWv. ssZha, Fs
m temI n AWn bp h cmWv I
m. kXyhm Fn\v BWbnSWw?
103 AhcpsS lrZbpw sNhnIpw IpIp
amWv Amlp ap{ZhncnpXv. Ah A{ics{X......
Fm BmhpIpw B BmhpI {]hn
Xp ]cn]qambn \evIpw, AhtcmSv (Hpw) A\oXn
ImWnbn. (3.14.16.108111)
kao: JpZm ap{Zhsn B ]mh A]
cm[sampw sNmsX acnpImWpw. Fs
m Ahsc ]cm[o\cmn. CsX{X henb
IpamWv? ]nsdbpp, sNbvXXn\p X
hw, \hw GpdhnmsXbmWv! Ah
kzX{ambn ]m]w sNbvXn. JpZm sNn
XpsImmWv sNbvXXv. AtmgmXv AhcpsS
A]cm[a. AXns êhpw Ahp e`n
cpXv . ssZh n \mWv êw Int Xv .
]qambn \Ipsan anpsap ]d
sXmWv? anpsan AhnsS \ymb
an m XmIpw. Cu Kpep am e [ymbw Cuiz
ctX Xs. _pnbnm IpnIfptSXm
Wv.
104. \cIw kXy\ntj[nIp PbnembnmWv \mw
\nbnncnpXv....... Fm a\pjycpsSbpw iIp\
sf AhcpsS ]nIgpn \mw _nncnbmWv.
]p\cpm\ Znhkw Ah\v Hcp {Kw \mw ]pdt
sSppsImSppw. AXv XpdphncnpXv Ah
ImWpw...... \qln\ptijw F{X XeapdIsfbmWp \mw
\innp IfXv. (4.15.17.8.13,17)
kao: JpB, {]hmNI, Jpdms JpZm,
Ggmw BImiw, \amkv apXembhbn hniz
knmbmfmWv Im^n. \cIw Ah\p
Xm Wv , Fn shdpw ] ]m X am Wn Xv .
Fsm Jp B \n hniz kn p h
am{Xw \hcpw asmhcpw NobpamsWv
Fs\ hp Iq Sm \mWv ? Hmtcm cp cpsS
]nIgpnepw iIp\sf sInhbvpXv
shdpw _meniamWv. BcpsS Igpnepw \
fnXp Inn. CXns {]tbmP\w Iaêw
\evIemsWn a\pjycpsS lrZbnepw
Inepw apw ap{ZhbvpI, ]m]w anpI
apXembhsbmw Fp IfnbmWv? Ibma
n s cm{ Xn bn ssZhw Xp d p
]pkvXIw Ctm FhnsSbmWv kqnn
cn p Xv ? I h S m cs IW s
gppt]msebmtWm CsX gp Xp Xv ? ]qh
Pansn Pohmmv Iata km[y
a. ]nss\ IateJ\w (iIp\)
FgpXnhp? IaanmsX Fgpv ! ]ns
A\ymbhpw. \Xpw Nobpamb Iafn
msX kpJZpxJsfs\ \evIpp? JpZm
bpsS kuI cy am sW n AX \ym b am Wv .
\bpw Xnbpw sNmsX kpJZpxJê
\evIpXn\mWv A\ymsap ]dbpXv. B
kabv JpZm Xs ]pIw hmbnptam,
klm bn I h hcpw hmbn ptam? ZoL
Imew _apmbncp Pohmmsf Ipw
sNmsX h[n JpZm A\ymbImcn bm bn.
A\ymbImcn Hcnepw ssZha.
105 kaqZv kaqZmbn\v HIs hyamb ZrjvSm
ambn \mw \evIn..... hgn ]ngnm Ignhphscsbmw
\o Cfnhnp hgn]ngnpsImpI...... Fm a\pjy
scbpw AhcpsS BZi]pcpjmtcmsSmw \mw hnfn
p Znhkw kvacWobas{X. hhcpsSbpw dnmUv
AhcpsS hen \evIsm AhXs XfpsS
dnmUphmbnpw. AhtcmSv AWpthmfhpw A\oXn
ImWnpIbn. (4.15,17.59,64,71)
kao: XamiXs! ssZhns ApXIc
fmb \nch[n ASbmffncns Hscm
Is ssZhapsXn\p sXfnhmbn \evIp
sX n\v ? sNIp ms\ hgn ]n g n m
Bm]ntm JpZm Xs sNIpms
bPam\\pw Fm ]m]hpw sNnpXn\p
chmZnbpw Bbn. Cs\sbmns\ ssZh
sap ]dbpXv shdpw AXbmWv. Ibm
408
ans \mfn ({]fbn) am{Xta \ymb
hn[n \SpXn\v {]hmNIs\bpw hnizm
knIsfbpw hnfnq. Fn AXphsc Ah
hnNmcWShpImcmbncnptam? As\bm
sWn \ymbw \SpXphsc Ahscmw
ZpxJnXcmbncntb Dq. AXn\m thKw
\ymbw \SpXmWv \ymbm[n]paw.
IqSmsX Cu \ymbw "A Im c ]p cn bnse
{`m cmPmhns' \ymbambncnpw. "Ipm
scbpw \hscbpw AXpsImtv hnNm
cWShn hbvpIbpw sNpXv A\o
XnbmWv. \ymbadnbm thZhpw a\pkvarXnbpw
t\mpI. Wam{Xw sXmsXbp \ymbw
AhnsSmWmw. Hmtcmcpcpw AhchcpsS
Iaa\pkcnv intbm ctbm kZm {]m]n
p sIm n cn p p. IqSmsX {]hm N Isc
kmnbmn hp sImncnptm ssZh
n s kh Xbv v lm\n h cp p.
Ccw ]pkvXIw CuizcIrXtam Cs\
D]tZinp JpZm ssZhtam BIptam? C
Xs.
106 imiz X ambn \nh kn m \p Nne tXm
AhpXmWv. AbpsS Xmgv`mKfneqsS Acphn
I HgpInsmncnpw. Ahsc AhnsShp kz
ns Nne hfI [cnnpw..... ]ns hkv{X
fpw Ah [cnncnpw. tatbdnb Nne InepI
fn NmcnsmmWv AhcncnpI. F{X\ {]Xnêw.
F{X\ hn{iaew. (4.15.18.31)
kao: _tet`jv! JpBs kzn B`
c W fpw hkv {Xhpw Inepw Xe bn Wbpw
kpJn m \pv ! Chn Shpw apow kzhpw
Xn, AhnsSpsd A\ymbw DsmsX
FphyXymkamWpXv. _pnamm Nnn
Ww. Iw AapXpw êw A\hpw!
\nXyhpw a[p cw ` n m Iptd Znh k
Iw AXp hnjXpeyamIpw. kZm kpJ
ambm B kpJw ZpxJambn amdpw. AXn\m
alm I ev ] ] cyw ap n b \p ` hn v
]p\w FSppXt{X kXyknmw.
107. B ] W sf \mw \in n Xv Ah A{Iaw
{]hnntmgmWv. AhcpsS \min\p \mw Hc
h[n \nbnncpp. (4.15.18.59)
kao: Hcp ]Wn apgph\pw ]m]nIfm
bncnptam? Ah[n \nbnpXv Cuiz
c k\mRmWv. A\ymbw Int
Ah[n \nbnpq. AXn\p ap]v Adnhn
mbncptm? IqSmsX Zbmlo\\pamsWp
hcpp.
108 B bphmhmIs, Ahs amXm]nXm kXyhn
izmknIfmbncpp. Ahsc A{Ian\pw kXy\ntj[
n\pw \n_npsap \mw `bsp..... Ahkm\w
kqcy AkvXanp esnbtm Idp
IfnatmSpIqSnb Hcp Pemibn kqcy AkvXan
pXpw.... Hm ZpJ ss\! bAvPqPqw aAvPqPqw *
Cu \mn \mi ap m n sm n cn bm Wv .
(4.16.18.80.86.94)
kao: Cu ssZhw F{X henb A\mWv.
bphmhv amXm]nXmsf AhnizmknIfmp
sap `bsSpp. CXv Cuizcs hmpIf
. Ahn Zy bpsS _mlpeyw t\mp I. Cu
]pkvXIImhns hnNmcw kqcy cm{Xn
bn GtXm Ipfn apn cmhnse s]mp
samWv. `qantbm F{Xtbm heptadnb
kqcy Ipfntem kap{Zntem Fs\
appw? `qanimkv{Xtam hm\imkv{Xtam Adn
bmbmfmWv Jpdm Imshp hyw.
Asnens\ FgpXn hbvptam? Cu ]p
kvXIw hnizknphpw Adnhn. As
n Ccw ImcysfgpXnb ]pkvXIn
Fn\p hnizknpp? JpZmbpsS A\ymbw
t\mpI. ]rYnhnbpsS {kjvSmhpw \ymbm[o
i\pw ]meI\pambncns, bAvPpPpw, aAv
PpPpw \miapmm A\phmZw \Ipp!
Cuiz c Xbv p hncp amWnXv . ImS mt
CsXmw hnizknm\mhq. hnZzmmmhn
.
109 JpB\n aban*s\pdnp {]kvXmhnpI: Xs
IpSpw _ n \n Iv Ing p `m K p Hcp
ev Ah Hsp Pohnk`w......... Ah Hcp
adbpmn....... \mw \psS aens\ AhfpsS ASp
tev AbbvpIbpw aev AhfpsS apn Hcp
XnI a\pjycq]w kzoIcnpsImv {]XysSp
Ibpw sNbvXp...... \nn\np c{]m]ntXnp
IcWm\n[nbmb Amlphns\ Rm\nXm A`bw {]m]n
psImpp..... B ]pcpj ]dp; Rm \ns
cnXmhns Hcp ZqX am{Xw ]cnip\mb Hcp
Bkm\s \n\p {]Zm\w sNtXn\mWv
Rm hncnpXv. Fs Hcp a\pjy\pw kv]in
* Ch HcpXcw A]cnjvIrX PmXnIfmWv. sImbpw
]nSnp]dnepambncpp sXmgnev, tKmKv, satKmIv
Fo hfmWt{X Ch
* bAvPqPpw, abAvPpPqw
* I\ymadnbw
409
nn. Rm hy`nNmcnWnbpa. F\nss\bmWv
HcmIpn P\npI! As\ Ah B Ipnsb K`w
[cnbpw ....... Zqsctmbn Hsv XmakampIbpw
sNbvXp. (4.16.19.1620,22)
kao: _pn am m Nnn p I. ae p I
ssZhm m fm sW n aepw ssZhhpw
HmWv. c. cmaXv CX\ymbamWv. I\y
Ibmb adnban\v Ipn P\npXv. BcpsSbpw
ASpw Ahfm{Klnn. ssZhns B
bm aev Ahsf K`nWnbmn. CXv \ymb
hncpamWv. ak`yImcyfpw ChnsS Fgp
Xopv. AsXmw FgpXpXv DNnXa.
110 kXy\ntj[nIsf t{]mmlnntXn\v AhcpsS
ASptev \mw ]nimNpsf Abbv pXv \o ImWp
nt? (4.16.19.83)
kao: hgn sX n m (k Xy \n tj [n Isf
t{]mmlnnm) ssZhamWv ]nimNpsf
AbbvpsXn AXv AhcpsS sX.
Ah sctbm ]nim Nn s\tbm inn p IqSm.
ssZhmbmemsWmw \SpXv. CXns
êw JpZm bv m bn cn Ww. kXy hm \mb
\ymbImcnbmsWn ssZhw X\nsb \cI
t`mKw kzoIcnWw. \ymbw hnpamdnbm
A\ym b m c \m hpw. A\ym b m c s\ bmWv
]m]nsbp ]dbpXv.
111. ]m]npIbpw kXyn hnizknpIbpw
ka\pjvTnpIbpw Fnv t\amw {]m]n
bpw sNbvXhv Rm \nbambpw hfsctbsd
s]mdppsImSppw. (4.16.20.82)
kao: ]m]nm ]m]w s]mdppsImSp
psap JpB\n ]dbpXv Fmhtcbpw
]m]n I fm p I tb bp q. ]m]w sN m \p
kmlkw Ahp IqSpw. AXn \m Cu
]pkvXIhpw CXpmnbbmfpw ]m]nIsf
]m]w sNm t{]mmlnnpp. AXn\m
enXv ssZhIrXtam CXn ]dbp ssZhw
ssZhtam A.
112 `qan a\pjytcmSpIqSn Nmpt]mImXncntXn\v
AXn \mw Nne ] X m]n pI bpw......
(4.17.21.31)
kao: JpB Imhn\v `qan IdpXm
sWpw apw Adnbmambncpsn, Nmbm
Xncnm ]X m]nspw apw
FgpXpIbnmbncpp. ]Xw m]nns
n Nmpt]mIptam Fp kwibnpIm
Wpw. Fnpw `qIn `qan Ipepp
sXmWv?
113 Xs ]mXn{hXys kwcnpt]mhsfbpw \mw
\psS Bmhn Hcwiw Ahfn DuXn..... Hcp ZrjvSm
amnhp. (4.17.21.91)
kao: Ccw Ao e ssZh ns
]pkvXIntem? k`ycmb a\pjyt]mepw
CsXmpw FgpXpIbn. CsXmssmv
JpB Zpjnpp. \ Imcysf, thZ
nteXpt]mse hfsc {]iwknWw.
114 BImifnepw `qanbnepaphcpw kqcy N{
\{X ]X, hr, arK Fnh
bpw........ Amlphns\ kmjvSmwKw {]WanpXp \o
ImWpnt?........ kzns hfIfpw appamWv
Aemcn\mbn AWnbnpI....... AhcpsS hkv{Xw
]mbncnpw..... {]ZnWw sNphpw \npw Xe
Ip \npw kmjv Smw K ambpw Bcm [\ \S p
hpwthn Fs ancs ipamn hbvpI.....
]noSv Ah XfpsS AgppI Ifbs. AhcpsS
_myXI \ndths. ]pcmX\ ancs {]ZnWw
hbvpIbpw sNs, _en...... Amlphns \maw
Ah Dcnm\mWv. (4.17.22.18, 23, 26, 29, 34)
kao: Cuizcs\pdndnbm Ignbm PU
hkvXp Cuizcs\ Fs\ `Pnm\mWv?
AXn\m Cu ]pkvXIw Hcnepw Cuizc
Ir X a . GtXm {`m \p m n b Xm Wv .
sImmw! Hmcw kzw Xs. kz
appameIfpw ]phkv{Xhpw Inp kzw
! ssZhn\p ancapsn AXn ssZhw
Xmaknppapv. ]ns CsXs\ hn{K
lm cm [\bm XmIpw? Atm AXns\
JWv Un p sX n\v ? _en bn m\pw,
kzw ancs {]ZnWw hbvphm\pw
PohnIsf sImnp Xophm\pw, ]dbp Cu
JpZm Aefnse ss`ch ZpKmZnIp
kam\\mbn. hn{Klmcm[\bpsS ISpw{]Nm
cIXs! Fsm hn{Kltfm
hepXmWv akvPnZv F hn{Klw. AXn\m
JpZmbpw apofpw henb hn{Klmcm[Icpw,
]ucmWnIcpw ssP\cpw sNdnb hn{Klmcm[
IcpamWv.
115 ]noSv ]p\cpm\Znhkw \n Fgptev]n
sSpIbpw sNbvXp. (4.18.23.16)
kao: Ibmans \mhsc acnh Id
Ifn Ignbptam. AtXm aphbnSptam?
I d I fn em sW n No ZpKw han
410
p ico c n en cpv ]pWym m
t]mepw ZpcnXa\p`hnbnt? CX\ymbat?
ZpKm[nIyw \nanw tcmKapmpIbm
JpZmbpw apofpw ]m]n ]p]pp.
116. kzw \mhpIfpw ssIImepIfpw AhcpsS {]h
\ sf p dnv Ahs Xn cmbn kmn ] d bp
Znhkw....... Amlp BImi`qanIfpsS {]Imiw BWv.
Ahs {]Imins nXn Npacnep Hcp amSw
t]msebmWv. AXnsemcp hnfpv. B hnfv Hcp
kv^SnI]m{XnemWncnpXv. Innfp Hcp
\{Xw t]msebpv B kv]SnI]m{Xw. A\pKrloX
amb Hcp hrns sskq\ns FsIm
mWv B hnfv InsSpXv. B sskqacw
Ingtm ]Snmtdm hf H. B F kzbw
{]Iminnphm ]cym]vXamWv. tapta {]Imiw.
Xm\ptinphsc Xs {]Imintev Amlp
hgn ImWnpp. (4.8.24,24,35)
kao: ssIIm ep Ifpw apw PU am I bm
Hcnepw kmn]dbpIbn. CXv krjvSn{I
a n\v hncp am bXpsImv anYy bmWv .
ssZhw Xotbm sshZypXntbm BtWm? Cu
Zrjv Sm sampw ssZh n\p tNcp X .
GsX nepw kmIm c h kv Xp hn\p tbmPn
XmWv .
117. Nenp Fm PohnIsfbpw shn\nmWv
Amlp krjv SnncnpXv . Fnv Ahsb NneXv hb
dnt Cgp \Spp..... Bscnepw Amlphn
s\bpw Ahs ZqXs\bpw A\pkcnpIbpw...... \o
]dtpI: \n Amlphns\bpw Ahs ZqX
s\bpw A\pkcnpI.... \n ssZhm\p{Kln\p
]m{Xambnocmthn..... ssZhZqXs\ A\pkcnp
I. (4.18.24,45,52,54,56)
kao: PohnIfpsS icocn Fm `qXX
zfpw Zriyambncns, Ahbn sh
n \nmWp krjvSnncnpsXp ]d
bp Xv Fp ^n tem k ^n bm Wv ? CXv
Am \ ns {]I S \ am Wv . Am lp hn
smw {]hmNIs\bpw A\pkcnm ]d
bp tm JpZm klm bn bph\m bnt ?
Fnev JpZm bv v B cp sSbpw klmbw
thspw klm bn bn m h \mWv JpZm
sbpw ]dbpXpw Fn\mWv?
118. BImiw taLtmSpIqSn s]mnnfcpIbpw ae
pIsf hfsc henb tXmXn CdpIbpw sNp
Znhkw..... AXpsImv kXy\ntj[nIp \o hgn
tmIcpXv . JpBsImv AhtcmSp tLmckacw sNp
I..... AhcpsS XnIfpsS m\v Amlp \Ih
p sIm Sp pw....... ]m ]np aSn kev w
sNbvXp Fm, Amlphntev ]cn]qamb
\nebv v Ah aS p I bmWv sNp Xv . (4.19.25
25,52,70,71)
kao: BImiw taLtfmSpIqSn Hcnepw
s]mnnfcpIbn. BImiw aqnamsW
net s]mq? Cu JpB imn `RvPnv
elfbpmnbncpXmWv. AXn\m [man
Icmb k\ CXns\ hnizknpn
. ]m]]pWy amn adnpsXp\ym
bamWv? Fn\p ]Icw Dgpp ssIamdp
Xp t]mse eLp hmtWm CXv ? ]m ]n
m ]m]w XocpIbpw Cuizc{]m]vXnbpm
hpIbpw sNpsan, ChnsS Bcpw ]m]w
sNm aSnpIbn. CsXmw hnZymhncp
amb ImcyfmWv.
119. Fs Zmkmscbpw sImv \o cm{Xn s]mbvsm
pI Fpw \nsf ^nHu ]npScm t]mIpp
spw aqkmp \mw ktiw \evIn. Atm ^n
Hu BfpIsf tiJcnm ]Wfntep Xs
ZqX msc Ab p... Fs krjv Sn p Ibpw Fnv
F\nv hgn ImWnp XcnIbpw sNbvXh\pw...... F\nv
Blm c ]m \o b \ev Ip h\pw...... {]Xn êw
\evIp Znhkw Fs sXpI s]mdppXcpsav
Rm Binph\pw. (5.19.265253,7879,82)
kao: aqkmbvp ssZhw ktiw \evInbn
sn ZmhoZn\pw tbiphn\pw aplZn\pw
hopw kt i a b sX n\v ? Fs m
Cuiz co b hmWn Ftmgpw am an m Xpw
Ip a Xp am Wv . AXn\p ]nmse Jp B
hsc bp ]pkv X I Ab bv p tm
ap]v Abh A]qhpw sXphbpam
sWp hpIqSpp. BZys aqp ]pkvX
I kXyamsWn JpB AkXyam
Wv . ]c kv ] c hn tcm[w {]mtbWbpXn
\mepw Xopw kXyambncnsbXv \S
n .
JpZmbmWv Pohs\ krjvSnsXn AXp
acn bpw sNpw. AXm bXv AXn\v \miw
AYhm A`mhhpw DmIpw. Cuizc\mWv a\p
jy scbpw ap Pohn I sfbpw Xon tm
psXn Bpw Hcp tcmKhpw Dmbn
qSm. Fmhpw Xpeyambn `Ww e`n
pIbpw thWw. ]]mX]cambn Hcmv
Dahpw asmcmv A[ahpamb `Ww
e`n p Iq Sm Xm Wv . cmPm mv
t{ijv Thpw `n m c\v Xcw Xm W Xp amb
411
`Ww e`nm ]mSn. Cuizc\mWv Dup
Xpw ]Yyw ]mennpXpsan Bpw
HcptcmKhpw DmbnIqSmXs. ]t apo
pw tcmKw hcppv, ssZhamWv tcmKw
iannv kuJyw \IpXv. JpZmbmsWn
apov tcmKta hpIqSm. hcpsn
IpZm apdn ssh Zy \m Wv . ]qW ssh Zy \m sW
n apov tcmKsas\ hcpw? Pohn
npXpw acWaSbnpXpw JpZmbmsW
n B JpZmbvv ]m]]pWyfpw Gp
pmImw. PPmcfnse Ia\pk
cnmWv Cu hyh sNpsXn ssZh
n\v A]cm[w C. \ymbhpw, ]m]ws]mdp
epw Ibmans \mfnemWp sNpsX
n Jp Zm ]m] h I \mbn ]m]
bp\mIpw. an p n s n, Jpdms
hN\w sXmsWp hcpXn\nv Hgnhnm
XmIpw.
120 \o Rsftmsebp Hcp a\pjy am{XamWv.
AXpsImv Hcp ZrjvSmw sImphcq. \o kXyhmZn
bmsWn..... Atlw ]dp. CXm CXp (ZrjvSm
ambp) Hcp HIamWv. CXn\p shw IpSnm Hcp
Dugapv. (5.19.26.154 155)
kao: In* \nv HIw Dmsbv ]d
m Bcm\pw hnizknptam? Ah A]
cn jv Ir X cm bn cp Xn \m hniz knp. H I
ns\ ZrjvSmw sImSppXv ImpPmXn
mcpsS coXnbmWv. ssZhntX. Cu
]pkv XIw Cuiz c Ir X am bn cp s n
Cs\ hyamb Imcysfmpw FgpXn
nSnnnmbncpp.
121. Hm aqkm! Fmhscbpw Pbnph\pw XnI
X{\pamb Amlp Rm\s{X. "\o \ns hSn \ne
n SpI' As\ AXv Hcp k s tmse Nen
pXp Itm aqkm ]nncntmSn. Hm aqkm!
\o `bstS Fs kn[nbn ssZhZqXm `b
sSpIbn.... AmlphmsX Hcp ssZhhpanXs.
Ah almb knwlmk\ns \mY\t{X......\n
Fs Iogv sSpm Hcpt. IogSnsmv
Fs ASptep hcnI. (5.19.27.9.10,26,31)
kao: t\mq Amlp hepw ]dv
s]mpXp t\mpI. B{]iwk t{ijvT
cmb a\pjyt]mepw sNpIbn. ]nsbm
Wtm ssZhw! ]ns C{Pmew ImnImpa
\pjysc himn Imnse ssZhambn hmgp
p. Cuizcob {Kn Cs\sbmpw
hcn. JpZm henb knwlmk\ns, AXm
bXv Fgm am Im i ns DS b h \m sW n
GItZin (HcpesmXpph)bmbn.
GItZin ssZhamIn. Ielhpw elfbpw
DmpXv icnbsn ""aplZv \_n
At\Iw t]sc sImp.'' Fpw apw ]pI
gv n d bp sX n\v ? el f bp m msX
Fs\ Ccw ]pIgvepI? Cu Jpdm
]qhm]c sshcp[yfpw Bh\hw \nd
XmWv.
122. ]Xsf ImWptm Ah Ddp \nevpIbm
sWv \n\p tXmpw. hmkvXhn Ah taL
Nenpw t]mse Nen p sIm n cn p I bm Wv . Fm
hkvXpsfbpw hyhnXamb \nebvpw kwLSnp
dnp \nnbncnp Amlphns {]h\as{X
AXv. (5.20.27.88)
kao: taLsftmse ]X Nenp
Xv Jpdm\pmnbhcpsS \mnemWv. as
p a, JpZm bpsS {]h\w, I
C_veokns\ ]nSnp innmXn \np
{Klnmw. Cphsc HsIpms\tmepw
]nSnp innnn. CXne[nIw A{i as
mWv?
123 aqkm apjvSn Npcpn Ah\v HcSnsImSpp. As\
Ahs IY Ign p..... aqkm ]dp; cn Xmth!
F\np sXp]ntmbn. \o F\np s]mdpp Xtc
Wta. Atm Amlp Atln\p s]mdppsIm
Spp. Ah hfsctbsd s]mdpph\pw ]caImcp
WnI\pas{X...... \ns cnXmhv (Xm\ptinpXp
sXcsSppw.) (5.20.28.15. 16, 68)
kao: C\nbpw t\mpI apofpsSbpw
IrkvXym\nIfpsSbpw JpZmsbbpw {]hmNI
scbpw! aqkm {]hmNI a\pjys\ sImp
p. ssZhw anpp! Chcncphcpw A\ym
bImcnIft? XnjvS{]Imcw JpZm sXc
s Sp ptam? Fn ]n s Hcm fn \v
cmPXzw, thsdmcmfn\v `nsbSp Hcmfn\v
sshZqjyw, thsdmcmfn\v ]macXzw Fns\
sXcsSpp sImSpsXs\? Fn
Jp B kXy a . A\ym b Im cn bm I bm
CXv JpZmbpa.
124. Xs amXm]nXmp \ sNWsap a\p
jyt\mSp \mw Iev]np. C\n \n\p bYmyw Adn
hnm hkvXpsf Fs ]pImcmn shWsav
* AhnSw Hcp I {]tZiambncpsv ap hN\fp
v.
412
B amXm]nXm \ntmSp iTnmtem, Ah cp
t]scbpw \o A\pkcnbpacpXv. Fs ASpte
mWv \n fp sS aS w. Atm \n
{]hnpsImn cp Xns bmYmyw Rm
\np ]dpXcpw........\qlns\ Atlns P\
Xbntebvp \mw Abp. Fnp sXmmbncnA
Xp sImw Ahn S bn Atlw Pohn p.
(5.20.29.8.14)
kao: amXm]nXmp \ sNpXp \
ImcyamWv. ssZhns\bmsX asmns\
Bcm[npsav Ah D]tZinm sNhn
sm s cp sXp ]d bp Xpw icn Xs.
]t, Iw ]dbWsav Ah D]tZin
m tItWm? AXn\m CXn ]IpXn
icnbpw ]IpXn IhpamWv. \qlv apXemb
{]hm N Isc am{Xta ssZhw Ab bv p
ptm? ap PohnIsfsbmw AbXm
cmWv? Fmhtcbpw JpZm AbXmsWn
Fmcpw {]hmNIcmsXv? BZy a\p
jymbpv 950 hjambncpsn Ctmgm
sXv? AXn\m CXp icnb.
125. Amlp BZyambn krjvSn Iw Bcw`npIbpw
]noSXv BhnpIbpw sNpp. ]noSv \nsf
XncnbbvpXpw Ahtep Xs........ B \nanjw
\nehn hcp Znhkw IphmfnI \ncmibnemp
t]mIpw...... kXyn hnizknpIbpw k
f \p jv Tn p I bpw, sNp h cm Is Ah Hcp Zym \
n kpjvScmbn Pohnncnpw...... asmcp Imp \mw
Abp. Fnv AhcpsS Irjn a \ndambn t]mbXv
Ah Ip...... t_m[ an m h cpsS lrZ b v
Amlp ap{Z h bv p Xv A s\ Xs bm Wv .
(5.21.30.11.12,15,51.59)
kao: Amlp cp XhW krjv Sn pw,
aqmw XhW Csn, krjvSnpXn\p
ap]pw cmw krjvSn IgnXn\ptijhpw
"Npm' CcnpIbmhmw! Hpw cpw krjvSn
ptijw Ahs kmayw hrYmhnembn
tmIpp. \ymb\mfn ]m]nI \ncmicm
Ipsan sImmw. ]t apkvfofm
hscmw ]m]nIfmbn IcpXn \ncmiXbntep
hnSnt? Fs m Jp B\n ]m]n I
sfp ]dbpXv AapkvfosfbmWv.
tXmn ]mpw irwKcnepamWv apkvfow
kzsan AXv temIn\p XpeyamWv.
AhnsS tXm mcpw kz Wn mcpw
ImWpw. AsX JpZm XsbmtWm AWn
Ifpw sNp Xv ? Bm\pw B` cWw
Ip dp t]mbm tamj Whp w \S
ppmhpw. kznse Imsc \cI
n Cp I f bptam? Fn kz n
hknph Fpw AhnsS ]mpsa
hN\w s]mfnbmbn. IrjnmcpsS hben
Imbp annpXp, Irjnbdnbmhp
XpsImmhmw. Xs khXbm ssZh
n\p Irjnbpadnbmsancnnepw Cs\
`b s Sp p Xv shdpw Ipdp p Im emWv .
Pohn I fpsS lrZ b n ap{Z Ip n bmWv
ssZhw ]m]w sNn sX n, ]m] n
]mfnbmhpXp ssZhw Xs, Poh\. F{]
Im c amtWm Pb ] cm P b tk\m [n ]
tXmIpXv, Aw ]m]w JpZmbvmbn
cnpw InpI.
126. XXzkqamb thZnse ZrjvSmfmWn
h............ \np ImWmhp XpWpI IqSmsXbmWv
BImisf Ah krjvSnncnpXv. `qan \n
sfbpwsImp Nmpt]mImXncnphm AXn Ah
Nne I\ ]hX m]nncnpp..... \o ImWp
n t? Amlp cmhn s\ ]I en epw ]I en s\
cmhnepwsImpt]mbntpp....... Xs ZrjvSm
\np ImWnp Xcp hmthn Am lp
hns A\p{KltmSpIqSn kap{Zn ItemSnp
sImncnpXv \o ImWpnt? (5.21.31.2.10.29,31)
kao: CXp t`jmbn! Xz k q amb
thZwt]mepw CXn XnIpw hnZymhncpamb
BImtimXv]n, XqWp]nSnntWm F
i, `qansb Dd n m ]Xw \mp p,
Fpth, Aev]hnZysbnepaph\nsXgp
Xp Itbm AwKo I cn tbm sNp I bn .
asmcp hnm\w IqSntIpI. cmhp
tm ]Ien. ]Ieptm cmhpan. CXn
sem ns\ asm n Xncp In b p sX
s\? CXp ip Am \n I fpsS Imcy
amWv. Cu JpB hnZym{Ktab.
I a\p jy cpsS hncp Xp sIm , ssZh
ns Ir]sImmWv, kcnpsXp
]dbpXv hnZymhncpat? Itm temltam
sImv \uI bp mn sh n en m
"ssZh ns Zrjv Smw' apn tm Int?
AXn \m Cu ]pkv XIw ssZhtam GsX
nepw hnZzmt\m cNnX.
127. BImiw sXmp `qan h sc bp Imcy sfmw
Ah \nb{np `cnpp. ]noSv Hcp \nnX Ime
Ln\pn B Imcysfmw Ahs ASptev
413
IbdntmIpp. \n IWmp tXmX\pkcnv
B ImeLns Afhv Bbncw sImambncnpw.......
Ah\s{X AZriyImcyfpw ZriyImcyfpsamw Adn
bp h k tcbpw Pbn p h\pw ]c a Im cp Wn
I\pw...... cq]w \evIpIbpw Xs Poh AXn DuXp
Ibpw sNbvXp..... \o ]dtWw: \nfpsS Imcyw
`ctansncnp acWns aep \nsf
acnnpw...... \mw Dtinp ]w Fm a\pjypw
Ah \St t\amw ImWnptImSppambncp
p. Fm PnpIsfsmpw a\pjyscsmp
samw \nbambpw \cIs \ndbvpw. Fhmv
Fs ]\nv Ddnp Xocpam\np Ignnpv
(5.21.32.5,6,9,11,13)
kao: apow JpZm a\pjysctmse Xs
GItZinbmsWv CtmXopw hy
ambn. hym]I\mbncpsn, HcnSncpp
\nb{nmt\m, Imcyv Ibdmt\m Cd
mt\mIgnbpambncpn. JpZm ZqXs\ Ab
bvpXv GItZinXzn\v sXfnhmWv. Xm
BIm iv IpwsIn bn cn th ZqX msc
HmSn p p. Cu ZqX m ssIq en hmn
hXpw Hnphbvptbm, GsXnepw arXs\
hnpIfbpItbm sNbvXm JpZm ]cpnbXp
Xs! kh\pw khhym]I\pamsW
nte CXp hXpw Adnbq. AXXm\pw. ZqX
msc Ab bv p tm, Fn \mWv ]esc
]e X c n ]co n p Xv ? Bbn cw
sImw Hcp Ime L ambn KWn p Xpw,
t]mphchpw JpZmbpsS khinXzs
tNmZyw sNpp. acWn\p ZqX\psn
B ZqXs acWw F s\ bm bn cnpw?
Ah \nXy\msWn \nXyXbn ssZh
Xpey\mbn. Hcp ZqX\v Hcp kabv Fm
PohmtcmSpw \cIw \ndbvm ]dbm\mhp
Ibn. ]m]w sNm kzw CjvS{]Imcw
\cIw \ndbvpIbpw AhcpsS ZpcnXw Ip
cknbpw sNp JpZm ]m]nbpw A\ymb
mc\pw Zbmlo\\pamWv. Ccsams Fgp
Xnhncnp ]pkvXIw hnZzmt\m ssZhtam
cNnX. Zbbpw \ymbhpw CmXv Hcn
epw Cuizc\.
128. (Hm \_o! AhtcmSp) ]dtpI: acWttbm
h[ttbm `bv HmSntmIp ]w B HmwsImv
\nv {]tbmP\w e`npIbn. \_nbpsS `mcy
amtc! \nfnemscnepw {]Xyamb \nebvp h
\oNIrXyhpw {]hnm Ahp in Ccn
bmbn hnnpw. Amlphn\p hfsc eLphmb
ImcyamWnXv. (5.21.33.16,30)
kao: CXp ap l Zp \_n , Bcp w
bpn\np ]nncntmSmXncnm\pw,
Pbnm\pw, aXw {]Ncnnm\pw, thn Fgp
Xntbm FgpXnttNXmbncnWw. `mcy
am \oN Ir Xy fn Gs S cp sXtm?
{]hm N I\v Gs Sm satm? `mcy am cpsS
in Ccn. {]hmNI\v inbn. CtXXp
\oXn?
129. \n hoSpIfn ASnbncnpI. Amlphn
s\bpw Ahs ZqXs\bpw A\pkcnv PohnpI....
]noSv skbv Zv Ahsfsmp Bhiyw ]qXbn
Fnp Igntm Ahsf \n\mWv \mw hnhmlw
sNbvXp XXv. XfpsS Zp]p{XmcpsS `mcyamsc
hnhmlw sNpXn B Zp]p{Xm AhcpsS `mcy
amscsmp Bhiyw ]qamngnm Am
lphns Iev]\ \SnhcppIXs sNtnbn
cnpp............ Imcyw \Sn hcppXn \_np
Ipsampan..... \nfpsS ]pcpjmcn HcmfpsSbpw
]nXmh aplZv ...... \nXyhnizmkw ssIsmncnp
Hcp kv{Xo AhfpsS tZls \_np Zm\w sNpI
bmsWn Ahtfbpw....... Ahcn \o Dtinphsc
\n\p ]nntep amn \nmw. \o Dtinp
hsc \ns ASpteSpnmw...... \ns t]cn Ip
sampan..... kXyhnizmknIsf! \_nbpsS hoSpIfn
\n {]thincpXv. (5, 22, 33, 37, 38, 40, 50, 51, 53)
kao: kv{XoI hoSpIfn XShpImsctmse
ASp]qn CcnpXv, ]pcpjm kzX{
cm bn cn th, Xopw A\ym b am Wv .
kv {XoIv \ hmbp izkn m\pw \
ep \S m\pw krjv Sn bnse At\I
hkvXp ImWm\pw B{Klant? CXp \nan
amWv apow IpnI Npndphcpw
hnjbmepfpamIpXv.
Amlphn\pw {]hmNI\pw Htc Btbm
AtXm hncpmtbm DXv? HmsWn
CcphcpsSbpw B ]menphm ]dbp
Xv hyamWv. hn`nhpw hncphpamsW
n Hp kXyhpw asmp Ihpw BWv.
Hcm JpZmbpw at bm C_v eokp am Ipw.
IqSmsX ssZhns klmbnbpw! JpB
\nse JpZmbpw {]hmNI\pw JpB\pw _te
t`jv! Hcmfn\v atbmfns A`n{]mbw Xn
fv kzw C km[nWsamWnjvS
san Cs\sbmw Xs thWw.
aplZv henb hnjbmk\mbncpspw
CXn\np sXfnbpp. Asn ]p{Xh
[phns\ Fs\ `mcybmpw? Cs\ sNp
414
bmfns ]w ]nSnm JpZmbpw A\ym
bs \ymbamp ImgvN! a\pjycnse ImS
mt]mepw ]p{X h [p hns\ {]m]n m dn .
hnjbmkn {]ISnnm \_n Hpw aSn
mXpw F{X A\ymbamWv. \_n Bcp
sSbpw ]nXmh Fn skbvZv BcpsS aI
\mWv? Fn\ns\ FgpXn? ]p{Xh[phns\
`mcybmmXncnm Ignbm {]hmNI
aphcpsS `mcyamsc hnSptam? Ccw NmXp
cysImsmpw Nomcysf A\y
\nn p Xn\np hnp am dm \m hn. ]c
kv{XoIfmcm\pw \_nsb kvt\lnv \nmlv
Ignm\m{Klnm AXpw A\phZ\obtam
\_nv GXp kv{Xotbbpw Dt]nmambn
cns sXp sN bv Xmepw \_nsb Dt] n
m kv {XoIp kzmX {y an m Xv
A[aat? {]hmNIs hon hy`nNmcZr
jvSntbmsS Bcpw {]thincpsXn {]hm
NI\pw As\ BcpsS honepw IbdmXn
cntXt? BcpsS honepw isbt\y
ISp sNm kz oI cn t Xm sW
ptm?
JpBs\ CuizcIrXambpw aplZv \_nsb
{]hmNI\mbpw, Jpdm\nse JpZmsb ssZh
ambpw kzoIcnm IgnbpXv GXv D
ps]mnbh\mWv? bpniq\yhpw [ahn
cp hp amb Imcy \n d Cu aXs
Atd_ycpw apw kzoIcnXv ApXwXs.
130. ssZh Zq Xs a\ n\p hnj a ap m p hm
\np ]mSn. Atln\ptijw Atlns
`mcyamsc hnhmlw sNphm\pw \np ]mSn. AXv
Amlphn hfsc Kuchtadnb hnjbamWv...... Am
lphnpw Ahs ZqX\pw at\mthZ\ Dmphsc
Amlp Clnepw ]cnepw i]npw...... kXyhn
izmkw ssIsIm ]pcp j mpw kv {XoIpw
Ah bmsXmcp sXpw {]hnmXncns at\mth
Z\ Dmph henb Ihmbpw k]vjSamb
IphpamWv NpanbncnpXv...... Ah i]ns
hcmbnocpw. FhnsShpIpapnbmepw Ahsc ]nSn
IqSpIbpw \njvIcpWw sImesSppIbpw sNpw.
cnXmth! Ahv Ccn in \evIpIbpw Ahsc
Atbw i]npIbpw sNtWta. (5.22.33.53.57.58.61.68)
kao: sImmw. JpZm Xs JpZmXzw. [
tm Sp IqSn {]Zin n bmtWm? {]hm N
Is\ ZpxJn n cp sXv Fgp Xn bXp icn.
AXp t]mse ap hsc ZpxJn n p
Xn\nv {]hmNIt\bpw \ntcm[ntXm
bncpp. AsXpsImv sNbvXn? Bcm\pw
ZpxJnnm Amlphpw ZpxJnptam? Fn
eXv ssZha. Amlphn\pw ZqX\pw ZpxJap
mIcpsXp hnenbtm AXn\nv
Ahv Bscbpw ZpxJnnmsap knn
pnt? amscbpw ZpxJnnmtam?
apow kv{Xo]pcpjmsc ZpxJnnpXp icn
bsn aphsc ZpxJnnpXpw sXp
XsbmWv. CXns\bsn ]]mX
am bn tmIpw. Acm P IXzw ]S p hn Sp
ssZhhpw {]hmNI\pw! Chsctmse Zbbn
m hsc temIw A]qhta In p q.
A\ysc FhnsSmepw ]nSnIqSn sImW
sasgpXnbncnpXpt]mse Xncnv apo
sf n bp w Bsc n ep w Iev ]n m
Ahnjv Ss Sptam? Fsmcp lnwk I c
amb {]hmNI\pw apw! XtXnencn ZpxJw
sImSpm ssZhtmSp {]mnm Fgp
Xnbncnpp. CXv A\oXnbpw ]]mXhpw
XImcyw t\mepamWv. Cpw iTmcmb
apov Cw ]mXI sNm `b
an. hnZym`ymkansn a\pjy arKXpey
Xs.
131. ImpIsf AbbvpXv AmlphmWv. Fnv B
ImpI taLsf CfnhnSpp. As\ B taL
sf \nohambnnSp tZifntep \mw
\onsmpt]mIpp. Fnp `qansb AXp \no
hambnnStijw B shwsImp \mw Pohnnp
p. C{]ImcwXsbmWv ]p\PohnXhpw..... Xs A\p
{Klwaqew imizXambn \nhknm\p Hcp ancn
emWv Ah Rsf sImphp Xmaknnncnp
Xv. ChnsS Rsf oWtam Xftbm _m[np
n. (5.22.35.9.35)
kao: Fsmcp ^nem k ^n bmWv JpZm bp
tSXv! Imns\ AbbvpI! AXv taLsf
s]mnsmp \SpI! AXn\m JpZm acn
hsc Pohn np \S pI! CsXm p sam cn
epw Cuizcob Imcya. AXv kZm HtcXc
n em bn cnpw.
hoSmsWn DmmsX Dmhn. Dm
nbXv kZm \ne\nevn. icocaph {]b
Xv\npnsn ZpxJnpw. icoc[mcn tcmK
n\np ap\. Hcp kv{XotbmSv kam
Kaw sNbvXm XfbpmIpsan At\
ItcmSp sNbvXm Fsmcp ZpXnbmhpw!
415
AXn\m apofpsS kzhmkhpw kpJ
ZmbIa.
132. Xzfm \ndbs JpB BWp kXyw.
\o ssZhZqXmcn s]h XsbmWv. t\amn
emWv \o kvXnXn sNpXv Zbmephmb Amlphn
\nv CdsXmWv (Cu JpB) (5.23.36.25)
kao: t\mq! ssZhamWv Jpdm Dmnb
sXn Cs\n\v BWbnSpp? \_nsb
JpZm Ab Xm sWn ]p{X h [p hns\
Fn\p tamlnp? JpB\n hnizknp
h t\am n em sWp ]d bp Xv
shdpw ]dn am{XamWv t\amw Fp]
dbpXv kXyw AwKoIcnpI, kXyw ]d
bpI, {]hnpI, ]]mXanmsX \ymb
[ fm N cn p I ap X em b h bmWv .
Chbv p hn] co X ambh XyPn p Ibpw
thWw. JpB\ntem apow fntem, Ch
cpsS JpZmbntem Cu kz`mhan. Fmhcnepw
{]_e aplZv\_nbmsWn, Atlw
Ghpw hnZymhm\pw kZvKpWbp\pam
sXv? "X]n s]m]n, Bcms]n
Nm]n'sb \bamWnXv.
133. Ahkm\w Imlfn DuXsSpw, Atcw Ah
J_dpIfn\np XfpsS cnXmhntep [rXn
spt]mIpw....... Ah {]hnpsImncpXnv
AhcpsS ImepI kmyw hlnpIbpw sNpw Hcp
Imcyw Dtinm "DmIpI' Fp Iev]npI am{X
am W h sNp Xv . DSs\ AXp m bn o cp p.
(5.23.36.51,65,82)
kao: XeXncn Imcy tImepw. Imep
I kmyw ]dbpsXs\? BsIm
Spptm JpZmbmsX ap hXpw Dm
bn cptm? tI Xmcv ? Dm b sXv ? Hp an
mbncpsn CXp Iw. Dmbncps
n "JpZmbmsX asmpanmbncpp. JpZm
Fmw krjvSnp' Fp ]dXv Iw.
134. HcpXcw ]m\obw* \nd tImIfpwsImv Ah
cpsS apn (Nne) NpnncnpsImncnpw.....
B\w (aPm) ]IcpsXv DdpZq Xa (AXp) shfp
Xpw IpSnm cpNnbpXpambncnpw....... hnime
fmb IpItfmSpIqSnbhcpw IpI \nb{nph
hcpamb XcpWnI AhcpsS ASp Dmbncnpw.
B XcpWnI ]m{Xfn ASp kqnncp ap
I t]msebmbncnpw...... \mw C\n acnm t]mIp
ntm....... eqpw ssZhZqXmcns] B Xs
bmWv . Atlsbpw A\pbmbnIsfbpsamw \mw c
sSpn...... Fm ]nncnp \nhcpsS Iqn
s]n cp Inghn eqns ]Xv \n `m hn s\mw
t]mbn. AXnepsSpIbn. ]noSp aphsc \mw
\innp. (6.23.37.45,46,48,49,58,133136)
kao: apo aZyhntcm[w ]dbpsnepw
kzn aZy\ZnIfmsWmgpIpXv. ChnsS
aZy ]m\w Hgn hm p s n ep w Ap
sNmes IY hfsc NobmWv .
kv{Xokmao]yw IqSnbm AhcpsS NnamWv
NeamImXv? almtcmKfpw DmIm
Xn cn n . ico c [m cn I acn p sap
\nbw. icocansn t`mKtIfnI sNm
\mhn. Atm B kzn t]mImXn
cnpIbmWv DNnXw.
eqns\ {]hm N I \mbn KWn p s n,
"Cs\ cp ]p {Xn amcpw A \m K`w
[cnp' Fp ss__n fn Fgp Xn bn cn p
Xpw AwKo I cn p p mImw. Ds n
Ccmsc {]hmNIcmbn kzoIcnpXpw
shdp sX bm Wv , Chpw Ch cpsS Iqm fn
Ipw apn sImSpp ssZhw Ac
mc\mbncnmw. apnYI ]dbp,
]]mXm A\yscsmpbm Hcn
epw ssZha. Ccw ssZhw apofpsS
hoSpIfnemsX aspw ImWpIbn.
135. imizXambn \nhknm\p Nne tXm. Ah
bnse hmXnepI Ahpthn Xpdp hncnpw....
Bh B tXmfn NmcnsmmWncnpI. AhnsS
hv Ah [mcmfw ]gfpw ]m\obfpw Bhiys
Spw. AhcpsS ASp IpIsf \nb{np \nnb
kahbkvIcmb kpcnI Dmbncnpw. Atcw ae
pIsfmw kmjvSmwKw \akvIcnp. C_veokv AXp
sNbvXn. Ah Alw`mhw ImWnp. Ah kXy\n
tj[nIfns]h\mbncpp. Amlp tNmZnp: Hm
C_veokv! Fs cpssIsImpambv Rm krjvSn
hkvXphns\ FpsImp \o kmjvSmwKw {]Wann?
\o Alw`mhw \SnbmtWm sNbv XXv ? AX, \o kztX
DX\mbXpsImtm? C_veokv ]d: Rm a\p
jys\m DIrjv S\mWv . \o Fs krjv SnXv An
sImpw Ahs\ krjvSnXv IfnapsImpamWtm.
Amlp Iev ]np. ChnsS \np ]pdpt]mIq \o Bn
tbmSnstSh\mWv. {]Xnêw sImSpp Znhkw
htcpw Fs im]w \ns ta Dmbncnpw. C_v eokv
At]np. cnXmth! As\bmsWn a\pjysc
]p\ohnnsgptev]np Znhkwhtcpw F\n
h[n A\phZnpXtcWta. Amlp Acpfn: \nnX
kabns Lsapw htcpw \n\nXm Ah[n....
C_v eokv ]dp: \ns {]Xm]amWp kXyw.Ahscsb
m h scbpw \n b ambpw Rm hgn sX n pw.
(6.23.38.50.52,7382)
* aZyw Fv XaIfn
416
kao : AhnsS Jpdm \n se gp Xn bn cn p
t]mse tXmhpw DZym\hpw tXmSpw hoSpsa
mapsn AXv Fpw DmbncpX.
Dmbncnbpan. kwtbmKmepmIph
kwtbmKn\p ap]nmbncpp. A\nhmcy
amb hntbmKn\p tijhpw AXpmhn.
kzwt]mepw \ne \nn s nns
kz hm kn I fpsS Imcyw ]d bm \ptm?
Nmcpw XebnWbpw ]elmchpw ]m\obhp
samw AhnsS Inp sa s gp Xn bn cn p
Xn\nv, apowaXns Bhn`mhImev
Ad _n \mSv k a m bn cp s q lnmw,
AXn\m XebnWsbpw apw ]dv Zcn
{Zsc Xs aX n \_n tN Xm hmw.
kv{XoIfpnSv \ncc kuJysahnsS? B
kv {Xo I Fhn Spp hp? AtXm kz
nse nc hm kn I fmtWm? h Xm sW
n t]mIpw. AhnSppImcmsWn Ibm
an\p ap]v Fmbncpp ]Wn? shdpsX
\mfpI Xn\opIbmbncptm?
Jp Zm bp sS Iev ]\ C_v eoskm gn sI
bphscmw A\pkcnpsImv BZans\
hWnbs{X. ssZhns int\mpI.
Rm \ns Fs ssIIsImmWpm
nbsXpw \o AlcncpsXpw sNIp
m t\mSv ssZhw ]d bp p v . cp ssI I
fp ssZhw a\p jy \m sWpw k i
t\m khym]ntbm Aspw CXp sXfn
bn p p. Rm BZ an t\ m t{ijv T \m
sWv C_veokv ]dXv kXyambncns,
ssZhw Fn\p tIm]nWw? BImiw am{X
amtWm ssZh ns Bm\w? `qan bn
Ct. Fn IvA_ ssZhns ancam
sWv ap]v FgpXnbtXm? Cuizc\v Xn
\ntm krjv Sn bn\ntm Fs\ Bsc
sbnepw AI p hm Ignbpw? krjv Sn ap gp
h\pw CuizctXmWv. Atm kzns
PnbmWv ssZhw At? JpZm C_veokns\
Bn tbmSnbpw i]n bpw sNbv X tm
Ah "cn Xmth! F\np Ibm a ns
\mhsc Ah[n A\phZntW' Ft]n
p. kp jv S \mb ssZhw Ahv Ah[n
sImSpp. Atm sNIpm ]dbpp
Fmhtcbpw \nbambpw hgn sXnpsav!
JpZmbpsS Dctam? AhscsbmwsImpw
\nssmpw \cIw \ndbvpsav! t\mq
k\tf! Bcv BscbmWv hgnsXnXv?
sNIpms\ ssZhtam AtXm sNIpm
X\nsbtbm? ssZhamsWn ssZhw sNIp
ms sNIpm\mWv. X\nsbsbn ap
hpw X\nsb hgnsXmw. sNIpms
Bhiyan.
hgmfn C_veokns\ ssZhw kzX{\mn
hn Xn\nv A[a n sNIp ms
klmbnsb ]v ssZhn\pw Inpp. C\n
tamjvSnnnv in \pIbmsWn B
A\ymbn\v AXncpan.
136. Amlp Fm sXpIfpw amp sNbvXpXcpw. Ah
hfsctbsd s]mdp p h\pw ]c a Im cp Wn I\pw
Xs..... ]p\cpm\Znhkw `qan apgph\pw Ahs ]nSp
nembncnpw. BImi Ah hen Npcp
n]nSnncnbpw sNpw. `qan AXns cnXmhns
{]ImiwsImv tim`nXamIpw. a\pjycpsS I
tcJsSpnb GSpI shsSpw. \_namscbpw ap
kmnIsfbpw sImphcpw...... \oXn]qw hn[n Iev]n
pw. (6.24.39.53,67,69)
kao: Fm ]m]fpw ssZhw s]mdpm
temIssbmw ]m]nIfmpIbpw Zbmlo
\ \m hp Ibpw sNpw. Zpjv S t\mSp Zbtbm
atbm Imnbm Abm IqSpX ZpjvSX
Impw. At\Iw [ammsf t{Zmlnpw.
Aev ] am{ Xw sXs n epw s]mdp m
sXtmsS sXv `qanbn hym]npw. Cuizc\v
Ansbtmse {]Imiaptm? I GSp
I FhnsSbmWv hncnpXv. FgpXp
Xm cmWv ? {]hm N I scbpw kmn I sfbpw
ap\nnbmWv \ymbw {]hnpsX
n ssZhw kh\, Aka\mWv.
A\ymbw sNp Itb C; \ymbta sNq
Fn I \p k cn m bn cn Ww
sNpXv. I ]qm]c ham\
PfnteXpambncnWw. Fn, anp
I, lrZb ap{Z hbvpI. C_veokns\
smv hgnsXnpI, hnNmcWSen
hbvpI Ch A\ymbamWv.
137. khscbpw Pbnph\pw AKm[\pamb A
mlphn \nv AhXcns thZamWnXv.... sXp
I s]mdpph\pw ]mm]w kzoIcnph\pw
(6.24.40.2,3)
Aev]kXysamgnsI, AkXyPSneamb Cu
417
]pkv X Isn Am lp hns t]cn
Am\nIp hnizmkapmphm\mWv
Cs\ FgpXnbncnpXv. D kXyhpw
AkXyhpambn IqSnpgp InSpp. Jp
B\nepw AXnse ssZhnepw hnizknp
h ]m]hIcpw ]m]w sNnp ]m]n
IfpamWv. ]m]w anpI FXXyw A
[a am Wv . CXp sImv apo ]m]w
sNpXn\pw elfbpmpXn\pw `bs
Spn.
138. Fnp cp Lfnembn Ahsb Ah Ggv
BImiamnop. th Imcy Ah \nt
inpsImSpp....... As\ B \cIn Ah Fn
gnm AhcpsS sNhnIfpw IpIfpw sXmenIfpw
AhcpsS {]h\v kmn]dbpw...... XfpsS
N tfmSv Ah tNmZnpw: \n sf n \mWv
\nsXncmbn kmyw hlnpXv? B sXmen
I ]dbpw: Fm hkvXpsfsmpw kwkmcnn
Amlp Rsfsmpw kwkmcnnncnpp..... ac
W a S h scbp w Pohn n p IXs sNp w.
(6.24.41.12,20,21,39)
kao: _lptIawXs apotf! khi
s\p \n ]dbp JpZm cp Lam
bnmtWm GgmImiw DmnbXv? khi
\msWn HbSnv Apmmambn
cpnt? Ipw sNhnbpw sXmenbpw PUh
kv Xp fm bn cns Ah sb s\ kmn ]
dbpw? kmn ]dbnm\msWn Ahsb
PUambn krjvSnsXn\v? Xs \nbas
]qm]chncpamnbsXn\v hfsctbsd
anYy Pohmscn kmyw ]dtmfhc
hcpsS sXmenItfmSv Ah "\o FXnkmn
]d sX n s\v tNmZnXpw "Rms\p
sNpw, ssZhw ]dbnnXmsWp ]d
XpamWv. CXphXpw kw`hyamtWm? "hym
]p{Xs apJw Ip' Fp ]dbpwt]memWn
Xv. ]p{X\psn Fs\ hybmIpw?
hy bm sW n ]p{X \p m hn . Ccw
anYymhmpIfmWnh. acnhsc Pohnnpsa
n sImsXn\v? Ctmgpw arXsc Pohn
npptm? AXn\pIgnbptam? Csn
arXXzs Fn\v A[aamsbpp? Ibm
ans cmhphsc arX GXp apoans hon
emWp Ign bpI? A] cm[w sNm hsc
JpZm XSen hbv psXn\v ? \ymbw
io{Lw sNm sXv ? CXn \nsmw
ssZhnIXbvv tImw Xpp.
139. BImi `qanIfpsS XmtmepI Ahs A[o\
nemWncnpXv. Xm\ptinphv Ah kar
ambn Blmcw \evIpp. ap Nnev \nb{np
sImSppp..... Xm\ptinphv Ah s]k
m\sf {]Zm\w sNpp..... ap Nnev Bk
m\sfbpw. Asn B km\sf BWpw
s]pambn CSIepp. Xm\ptinphsc Ah
km\clnX\mpp. Hcp hn[nemsX Hcp a\p
jyt\mSpw Amlp kwkmcnpIbpmhn. t_m[\w
sNphgnv: Asn Hcp adbpsS ]nn\np
sImv* Asn Hcp ZqXs\ AbbvpIbpw .... A
h\ptinpXpZvt_m[nnpIbpw sNphgnv.
(6.25.42.12.4951)
kao: At\Iw hmXn ep I Xp d m
\pXpsImv ssZh ns ] e t\Iw
Xmtmqw ImWpw! F{X_meniw! ]pWy
Ia sNmsX Cjv Swt]mse hmcn
tmcnsmSpptam? ]m]w sNmsX sImSp
pXn \nb{Ww hcpptam? Fn
alm A\ymbmcXs. Jpdm Im
hns NmXpcyw t\mpI. s]pt]mepw
hoWpt]mIpw. CjvSapXp krjvSnpsan
thsdmcp JpZmsb krjvSnptam? Csn
khinazw ChnsSop. a\pjyv
ssZhw CjvSs kXnIsf sImSppsa
n tImgn, ayw, ]n apX em b hbv v ,
BWpw s]pw kXnIsf BcmWp sImSp
pXv? kv{Xo]pcpj kamKaanmsX sImSp
msXv? Bcms\bpw tkzbm k
Xnbnmh\mnhv ZpxJnnpsXn\v?
JpZmbvv C{X tXPmtWm. ap]n \np
kwkmcnm hmhw? adbnp h
am\w ]d bm sa pw, ZqX\pw {]hm N I\pw
kwkmcnmsapw apv FgpXnbnptm.
Fn ZqXcpw {]hmNIcpw [mcmfw XImcyw
IpImWpw.
* Cu `mKw X^vko lpssk\n Cs\ `mjyw sNp
p. aplZv \_n cp adInSbnembncpp.
Atm ssZhns i_vZw {ihnp. Hcp ad Pap
mfnsbpw atXp shappIfptSXpambncp
p. cp adIpanSbvv Fgp]Xp hjw \Sm
\p hgnbpmbncpp. _pnamm NnnWw.
CXp ssZhtam? ]Ipp\npsamgnbmSp
kv{Xotbm? Ch ssZhns ZpZi hcpnf
p. thtZm]\njpIfnse Cuizcs\hnsS. ad
bv pn\npsamgnbmSp ssZhsahnsS? Atd_y
AhnZzmmcmbncpsXmWv kXyw. \Imcy
AhshnSpp Inm\mWv.
418
ssZhw kh\pw khhym]I\pamsW
n ad hn \n tm X]m en se tmse
Fgpp hcp ntbm Adn tb Im cy an .
As\sbn AXv JpZmb. GtXm Iui
e m c \m bn cn Ww. AXn \m Jp B
CuizcmIrXtab.
140. Cukm hyamb Zrjv Smfpw sImphtm
(6.25.43.63)
kao: tbip (Cukm)hns\bpw ssZhab
XmsWn tbiphns D]tZip hncp
amb JpB JpZm Fn\pmn? Jp
B\p hncpamWv ]pXnb \nbaw. AXn\m
Chsbmpw ssZhIrXa.
141. Ahs\ ]nSnpI. Fnp \cIns ayn
tep henpsImp t]mIpI.... sh\ndhpw hnim
emnIfpamb Nne XcpWnIsf Ahp \mw CW
tNpsImSppw. (6.25.44.47,54)
kao: Fsmcp ssZhw! \ymb Im cn bm bn
cns PohnIsf ]nSnnv henngnpp.
apow JpZm Cs\ sNpsan Ahs\
D]m kn p h ]mh sf ]nSn p h en n g
m Fmcyw! euInIsctmse Ah
IeymWhpw \SnsmSpppthm? Fn
apow ]ptcmlnX\mWh!
142. AXpsImp kXy\ntj[nIsf \n Ipapn
bm ]ncSnp shnsmpI. As\ Ahsc \n
]cmPbsSpngnm sIpapdnnsmI.....
\ns _ln jv I cnp If am W s m
inbp F{X ]WfmWv DmbncpXv. Ahsc
\mw \innpIfp. Atm Ahsc klmbnm
Bcpw Dmbncpn....... hmKv Zm\w sNbv Xncnp
kzKns nXn Fs\sbm AXn sh
samgpIp Nne AcphnIfpv. B shw Zpjnpt]m
bnn. ]msemgpIp Nne AcphnIfpapv. AXns
cpNnpw amw hnn. IpSnphp cpNnIcamb
aZysamgpp Nne AcphnIfpv. ipoIcnsSp
tXs\m gp Ip Nne Acp hn I fp ap v . Ahn hnsS
Fmcw ]gfpw e`npw. cnXmhn \np
]m]tamN\hpw. (6.26.47.4.13,15)
kao: CXp\nan amWv XImcyw t\Sm
apofpw Jpdm\pw JpZmbpw \n b amb
A{Ia sNpXv. ChnsSgpXnbXpt]mse
ap aX m h hcp w ap ow tfmSp
sNbvXm Ahp ZpxJhpw ZpcnXhpw Dm
Ibnt? aplZp\_nsb _lnjvIcnp If
hsc sIm JpZm alm]]mXn Xs.
ipPehpw ]mepw aZyhpw tX\pw HgpIp
BcphnIfpnSw temIsm sasamp
a. ]mecphn HgpIptam? Aev]kabn\Iw
]m ]ncnbnt? _pnamm Jp Bs aX
awKoIcnmXnXpsImmWv.
143. `qansb InSpInsS hnd n p Ibpw, ] X sf
XIp IjvWw IjvWampIbpw Fnv B ]h
X Acon ]dp s]mSnbmbnocpI
bpw..... heXp]m. Fm heXp]mcmWv.
CS Xp ] m. CS Xp ] m cm Wv ..... cXv \
sImn ]Xnncnp InepIfntemWv Ah Ccn
pI. InepIfn Nmcn ]ckv]cw A`napJcmbnmWv
Ah CcnpI. imizXambn \nhknp Nne _me
m AhcpsS ap]n NpnncnpsImncnpw.
Nne ]m{Xfpw IqPIfpw {Zh]Zm \nd tIm
IfpwsImv.... AXpIpSnpIaqew XethZ\tbm el
cntbm _m[npIbn. Ah CjvSsp XncsSp
p ]gsImpw Ah B{Klnp ]nI
fpsS amwkw sImpw...... sh\ndhpw hnimeamb Ip
Ifpap XcpWnIfpmbncnpw...... `{Zambn kqnp
hncnp appt]msebncnpw (Ah) DX \ne
hmcnep hncnpIfnemWv Ah PohnpI. B
XcpWnIsf \mw Ghpw \ \nebvmWp \mw ]cn]m
enp hfnsmncnpXv. Fnv Ahsc \mw
I\yIIfpw, `mmtcmSp t{]aaphcpw Xpey{]mb
mcpambncnbmWv ..... Fnv AXpsImv \n hb
\ndpw. A, \{X AkvXanp m\
sfsmv Rm\nXm kXyw sNpp. (7.27.56.46.8,9,15
23,3437,53,75)
kao: JpB Imhns eoeI t\mp
I. `qan IdnsmmWncnpXv. Ftmgpw
Idpw. `qan Dd\msXbncnpIbmWt{X
JpdmImcs hnizmkw. ]Xsf ]n
Isftmses\ ]dpw? ]dp s]mSn
bmpsan s]mSn]ns ]hXhpamIptam?
JpZm icoc[mcnbsn CSpw hepw
Fs\ \nevpw? cXv\ sImnXn
In ep I fp m W sa n Bim cn amcpw
kzWnmcpw AhnsS ]mpmhmw. aq
ISnv cm{Xn sskzcw sISpppmIWw.
In en Nmcn shdp sX bn cn bmtWm h
]Wnbpw sNppmIptam? NpmXncpm
`Ww ZlnmsX tcmKw ]nSnpw. As\
acnppapmIpw. tPmen sNph Chn
Sstmse IqenWnsNbvXv Pohnbmhmw.
]ns, ChnShpw, kzKhpw Xn Acsa
mWpXv? AhnsS kZm _memcpsn
AhcpsS amXm]nXmfpw ImWptam? iz{ip
fpw iziqcmcpw ImWptam? Atm henb
\K c am bn cnpw? ae aq {Xm Zn I hnv
419
tcmKhpw hfscbpmInt?
ê `nbpw, mpIfn shw IpSn
bpw tImIfn aZyw IpSnbpw, XethZ
\bpw el cnbpw Cm Xn cn bpw btYjv Sw
ê fpw ]n I fpsS amwkhpw `n p
Ibpw sNptm hnhn[ ZpxJfpw, ]n
ar Km Zn Ifpw Ahn Sp m Ipw. sIme\S pw.
Fpw Xqhepw AhnsSmw NnXdnnSpw.
IimpISIfpw Dmbncnpw. sImmw. Cu
kzKns\ ]pIgvm hmpIfn. Atd
_ytbm apnbXcw Xs.
aZy amw k `nv D cm Ip sa n
kv{XoIfpw IpnIfpw IqSntb Xocq. Csn
enhcpsS elcn aqv Xebn NqSp Ibdpw.
AkwJyw kv{Xo]pcpjmv hn{ianm
H[nIw hncnpIfpw InSIfpw thWw. JpZm
I\y I amsc krjv Sn p Xp sIm m Wtm
Ipamcmscbpw krjvSnpXv! ChnsS\nv
m\mn I fmbn sNp hv I\y I
amsc hnhmlw Ignv sImSppsav FgpXn
bnpv. AhnsS ncXmakmcmb _me
mv hnhmlw sNbvXpsImSppImcyw
FgpXptbn. Ahscbpw m\mnIfm
bnsphv ]IppsImSpptam? Cm
cysagpXm ssZhw henb adhnmc Xs.
Xpey h b p Im cmb ]Xn {h X I ]Xn amsc
{]m]nv kzKp ]mp Xv icn b .
Fsm kv{XoIfpsS ctm cctbm
Ccn {]mb amWv ]pcp j mv thXv !*
apow kznepw Cs\ XsbmhWw
IY.
\cInse hrns ]gw Xnp hbdp
\nd bv p tm apm cbpw \c I n
ImWpw. appsImppapmhmw ]ns Xnf
shw IpSnpI XpSnb ZpcnXfpamWv
\cInepXv.
BWbnSpXv ImcmWv. kXyhmmc.
BWbnSp JpZmbpw I\mbncnWw.
144. Amlphns amn t]mcmSphscbmWv
Ah kvt\lnpXv. (7.28.61.4)
kao: Ccw D] tZ i \ev In Ad _n
Isf FmhtcmSpw bpw sNphcmn ]c
kv]cw ZpxJnXcmn. aXns ]XmIbpambn
bpw s]cpnpXv _pnam\mb Cuiz
c A\p h Zn n . kaq ln hntcm[w
hfph Fmhpw ZpxJImcWamIp
p.
145. Hm \_o! \ns `mcymcpsS {]oXn B{Klnp
sImv Amlp \n\v A\phZnpXXv \osbn
\mWv \njnamnshpXv. Amlp hfsctbsd
s]mdpph\pw ]caImcpWnI\pamIpp..... Atlw
hnSp]w \ntfm DaIfmb `mcyamsc At
ln\p Xs cnXmhp ]Icw \evIntbmw. kXy
hnizmkw ssIsmhcpw IogvhWaphcpw ]m
]np aSphcpw AmlphnSnasp Pohnp
hcpw kcnm kXbphcpw hn[hIfpw
I\yIIfpw Bb `mcyamsc. (7.28.66.1,5)
kao: {inp t\mpI. JpZm aplZp \_n
bpsS hop Im cy sfmw t\mn \ S p
shdpw `rXy\t?
CXn Hmas hN\nt cp IY
bp v . Hn {] Im c amWv : apl Zv \_nv
tX\ns kv henb CjvSambncpp.
At l n\v Htsd `mcy am cp m bn cp p.
Ahcn HcmfpsS hon k_p IpSnp
sImv hfsct\cw Ccppt]mbn. CXp ap
`mcyamnjvSambn. Ah ]cmXn ]d
tm C\n taen Cs\ kp IpSn
pIbnsv \_n kXyw sNbvXp.
atXv: aplZns ]e `mcyamcn Hcmfns
Dug am bn cpp. Ap cm{Xn AhnsS sN
tm `mcy AhcpsS ]nXrlrln t]mbn
cnpIbmbncpp. aplZv Hcp hmeymcnsb
hnfnv Ahsc ]hn{Xbmn. `mcy CXdnv
A{]kbmbn. Atm \_n As\ C\n
sNnsv kXyw sNbvXp. CXmtcmSpw ]d
bcpsXv `mcytbmSpw ]dp. Csv Ah
kXnp. ]t Ah thsdmcp `mcybpsS
ASpp ]dp. CXpsImmWv JpZm Cu
hN\w CdnbXv. ""\_o! \ns `mcyamcpsS
{]oXn B{K lnpsImv Amlp \n\v
A\p h Zn p X Xv \osb n \mWv \njn
amn shpXv?''
ssZhw Bcp sS sb nepw hop {]iv \ fpw
]cn l cnp \S p bm fm sWv _pn
amam hnizknptam? \_nbpsS s]cpam
* hrm _menIamsc \nmlv IgnpXmWv arKw.
420
coXn Cu {]hr n I fn\np {Kln mw.
At\Iw `mcyamcptm Cuizc`t\m
{]hmNIt\m BIpsXs\?
Hcp kv{Xosb ]]mX]qw A]am\np
Ibpw asm cm fns\ am\n p Ibpw sNp
bm ] ]m Xnbpw A[an bp am Int?
At\Iw kv{XoIsfsmpw Xr]vX\mImsX
hmeymcnIfn tamlnpt]mIp Bfn\v
ebpw `bhpw [ahpw FhnsS? ImamXp
cv `btam etbm Csmtcm ]d
sX{X icn!
Cu ssZhw aplZvkmln_pw `mcyamcpw Xn
ep hgv Xop a[y\Wv. Cu Jp
B hnZzmt\m Cuizct\m DmnbtXm,
GsXnepw kzmnbmb AhnZzm cNn
tXm sbv _pn am m Nnn s. cm
as hN\w hmbn p tm \_n tbmSv
GtXm `mcy ]nWnbncnmsap kwibw
tXmpw. Xnanw Cu hN\w CdnbXm
Imw. \o hg p m n bm \_n
\nsbpapt]npw. \_nv \nsm
\ `mcy amsc I\y I amsc \Ip sav
òWn apgpIbmWv. kzev]w _pnbp
hv CXp ssZhtam atm ]d X ,
kzmnIfmtcm ]dXmsWp a\nem
mw. CsXmpw ssZhw ]dX. Imen
s\m hw {]tbm P \ kn n mbn ssZh
ns t]cn \_n ]dXmWv. ssZhhN
\ am sWp ]d bphtcmSv C{Xtb ]d bm
\pq ""ssZh sap ssZhw ? apl Zv
\_nv IeymWapdnpsImSpp ZmfmWv
ssZhw.''
146. Hm \_o! kXy\ntj[nItfmSpw I]ShnizmknI
tfmSpw \o kacw sNbvXpsImpI. AhtcmSv ]cpjkz
`mhtmsS s]cpamdpI. (7.28. 66.9)
kao: apow ssZhns Ifn Itm? CX
caXtcmSp Ielnm {]hmNIs\bpw
apowsfbpw DtPnnpp. apo
CXpsImmWv elfmcmbXv. aphtcmSp
kvt\l]qw s]cpamdm\pw, elfImmXncn
m\pw, ssZhw Chsc Ir]sNmcn\p{Kln
s.
147. BImiw s]mn n fcpw. AXp _e lo \ am bn
ocpw. aepI AXns Afn nXnsNpw.
Ap \ns cnXmhns knwlmk\w Fpt]cmWp
Npa p I. Ap \nsf lmP cm pw. \n fpsS
bmsXmcp Imcyhpw Hcp clkyambn \nfn HXpn
\npIbn. Fnp hen GSpI \evIs
h ]dbpw. Fs FSpI FSpphmbnp t\mq.......
BcpsS {Kw Ahs CSn \IsSpptm?
Ah ]dbpw: ""F\nss GSpI \evInbncpn
sn F{X \mbncpp!'' (7.29.69.1619,25)
kao: sImmw! CXv Xz im kv {Xtam
\ymbtam BtWm? BIm ihpw s]mn n f
cptam? AXp hkv{Xwt]msebmtWm s]mm?
apI fnse temIw BIm i am sW n, CXp
hnymhncpamb ImcyamWv. Ctm JpB
s ssZhw ico c [m cn bm sW Xn kwi
bta tijnpn. knwlmk\n Ccn
pI, Fp ]qhm* NpapI, CsXmw
icocapbmfnt\Ignbq. ap]nepw ]n]nepw
t]mIbpw hcnIbpw sNWsanepw icoc
[m cnt Ign bq. ico c [mcn GI tZ in bm I
bm kht\m khhym]ntbm, kh
inamt\m BhpIbn. Fm PohnIfpsSbpw
Fm Iafpw Hcnepw AdnbpIbn.
]pWymmfpsS heXpIn GSpsImSpp
hmbnnv kznebpXv BcyIcw
Xs. ]m]nIfpsS CSXpIn I]{Xw
sImSpv \cInebpI. I]{XnIhm
bnv \ymbw hn[n pI apX em bh kh
s IamtWm? Hcnepa. CsXmw
_meniamWv.
148. aepIfpw Bmhpw AXn\mbncw sImns
ssZLyap Hcp ImeLw sImmWv Ahs ASp
tev IbdnspXv..... \mn\nnb eyn
tev HmSpwt]mse J_ dp I fn\np ]pdv hv
Ah [rXnstmSp Znhkw (7.29.70.4,43)
kao: AXn\mbncw sImw ssZLyamWv
Znhk Ime L sa n A{Xbpw sImw
cm{Xnbv pw ssZLy ap v . Cu A Xn \m
bncw sImw JpZm bpw, ae pw, GSp sI p
Imcpw Ccptm \ntm DWn cn p tam?
Fn Fmhcpw Zo\w ]nSnv hopw acn
pw.
J_ dn\n s gp tv JpZm bpsS It cn bn
tev HmSptam? J_dpIfn kakv Fn
p sX s\ bmWv ? ]pWym m tfm
]m]nItfm Bb Chsc C{Xbpw Imew hnNm
421
c W bn msX XS hn hn cn p sX n\v ?
CubnsS JpZmbpsS Itcn ASv JpZmbpw
ae p Ifpw shdp tX bn cn mtWm? AtXm
]Wn hXpw Dtm? AhchcpsS m\
fn ]mv, Npndn, Ddhpw IfnXam
iI ImWepw Hsbmbn hn{ianbmhmw.
Ccw Acm P IXzw Hcn Spw ImWn .
CsXms ImSmcmXmcp hnizknpw?
149. \nfpsS hnhn[ ZiIfn krjvSnncnph\m
Wv. GgmImisf ]ckv]cw tbmPnnpsImv F
s\bmWv Amlp krjvSnncnpXv? N{s\ Ah
B BIm i fn {]Im i ap Xm n sh p Ibpw
kqcys\ Hcp sNdnb hnfmbn shpIbpw sNbvXncp
p. (7.29.71.1416)
kao: Poh \p m n bXv JpZm bm sW n,
Poh Hcnepw \nXyhpw A\izchpamIn.
]nss\ kZm kzn Ignbpw? Dm
bXv \in p sap \niv Nbw. BIm is
Amlp Fs\bmWv apIfn krjvSnp
Xv? AXp \ncmImchpw kh{X hym]nn
cnpXpat? aphXpamWv BImisan,
AXn\v B t]cp bpa.
apIfn BImisf krjvSnsn Ah
bpsS \Spv kqcyN{m \ne\nevpbn.
\Spphm Hv Apdhpw Hp Cpdhpta
{]Iminp hcq. cmatXp apX kh{X
Ccp m bn cn Ww. As\ ImWm Xp
sImv CXpw anYybmWv.
150. ]nI Amlphn\pXmWv. AXpsImv Am
lpthmsSmw amscbpw \n hnfnp {]mncpXv
(7.29.72.18)
kao: CXp t\cm sW n ap o
emCemlv Cnmx aplZckqemx F
Ieabn Amlphnsmw aplZv \_n
bpsS t]cv Fn\v ]dbpp? CXv JpB\v
hncpat? hncpasmsWn JpB
hN\w AkXyamIpw. akvPnZpI Amlp
hns ancamsWn apo h hn{K
lmcm[Icmbn. ]ucmWnIcpw ssP\cpw sNdp
hn{Kl ]qPnp anc Cuizcme
bambn IcpXpXpsImv hn{Klmcm[Icm
sWn Chcpw FpsIms\bmXm
Ipn?
151. kqcys\bpw N{s\bpw HnpIqpIbpw sNp
tm. (7.29.75.9)
kao: kqcyN{msc HnpIqm Fs\
Ignbpw? F{X AdnhmbvabmWnXv! kqcyN
{msc Hnp IqpsXn\v? ap temI
sf Iqntm\ncnpXnse bpnsb
mWv? Ccw \Sm Imcy Cuiz
cIrXtab. AhnZzmmmsX ampw
CXv tNcpX.
152. imizX \nhmknIfmb Nne IpnI AhnSbn
NpnncnpsImncnpw. Ahsc \o ImWp]w
NnX dnb app I fm W h scp \n\p tXmpw.......
t\bp ]pw XSn ]pamWv Ah [cnpI.
shnbpsS hfI B`cWambn Ahsc [cnnpw.
XnIpw ]cnipamb shamWv* XfpsS cnXmhv
Ahp IpSnm sImSppI. (7.29.76.19.21)
kao: appt]mep IpnIsf AhnsSn
\mWv hfp Xv ? bphm v {]m]n
m\pw Xr]vXnbSbm\pw bphXnI ChnSnt?
ZpjvSm IpnItfmSpImp ZpjvIrXyn
pdhnSw Cu JpB hN\ambncnnt?
kzn bPam\`rXy`mhapsn bP
am\XzwsImv Abmp kpJhpw `rXyXzw
sImbmv ZpxJhpw Dmhnt? Cu ]
]mXw icntbm? JpZm aZyw IpSnnpsan
AXv `rXy`mhambn. ]nss\ JpZmbpsS
alzw \ne\nevpw?
kzn kv{Xo]pcpjkamKaw \nanw
K`nWnIfpw afphcpw Dmhnt? Cs
n kam Kaw hyY am bn tm Ipp. Ds
n Poh FhnSpp hp? Cuizctkh
IqSmsX kzn P\nm ImcWw? P\n
hv kXyhnizmkw IqSmsXbpw JpZmsb
{]mnmsXbpw kuP\yambn kzw Inn.
Nnev kXyhn izm kw sImpw Nnev
AXp Iq Sm sXbpw kpJw e`n p sa n
AXn Ihn A\ymbw an.
153. XnIpw A\ptbmPyamb {]Xnêw......... ]m\obw
\ndtImI ........ BmhpIfpw aepIfpw AWn
bmbn \nevp Znhkw. (7.30.78.26.34,38)
kao: Im \p k c W amWv êw \ev Ip
sXn kznXs Fmbvt]mgpw
hknp lqdnIfpw aepIfpw appt]m
ep ]ntcpw Fp Iw sNbvXnmWv
* icm_v (aZyw) Fv Dphnh\w
422
kzn nchmkw sNpXv? tIm
I \ndp "]m\obw' Xptm acmbn
iWvTIqSnt? Bmhv (dqlv) FnhnsS ]d
bp Xv Hcp ae n s\ bmWv . aepIfn
h JpZm, dqlns\bpw aepIsfbpw AWn
\n cn mq Dm p I bmtWm? mq
Wnse Pohmsmw in Inptam? JpZm
Atm \nevptam Ccnptam? mqsWmw
tNv sNIpms\ Ibmapmhtcpw
]nSnp _nm JpZmbpsS cmPyw kz
amIpw. AXmWv JpZmXzhpw.
154. kqcy aqSspt]mIptm \{X DXnp
ho gp tm ] X sf Nen n p tm, BIm i
ns ad \osSptm. (7.30.81.13, 11)
kao: CXp alm AdnhnmbvabmWv. tKmf
amb kqcytemIw aqSspt]mIptam? \
{X DXnp hogptam? PU]X
Fns\ Nenpw? BImiw arK amtWm
tXmepcnpw t]mse ad \om? CsXms
alm ImSwXs.
155. BImiw s]mnnfcptm. \{X Nnnn
Xdptm. kap{Zfpw \ZnIfpw HgpIntmIptm I_
dpIfnepXp ]pdtv hcptm (7.30.82.14)
kao: sImmw! JpB Dmnb ^ntem
k ^td! BImiw Fs\ s]mn n fcpw?
\ {X sf cqp Nnn n X dn p sX
s\? kap { Z sf tmv Hgp In
tmIpsamWv?* J_dpIfn\nv ihsf
s\ ]pd tp hcm \mWv ?* CsXmw
shdpw _meniamWv!
156. \{Xfp BImissmp kXyw...... A
CXp alXztadnb JpB BWv..... kpcnXamb Hcp
]eIbnemWv CXp \nesImpXv. (7.30.85.1.21.22)
kao: Cu JpB Imhv `qanimkv{Xtam
hm\imkv{Xtam ]TnX. Asn BIm
in \{X ]XnsXp ]dbptam?
taSw cminbpw apamWv \{Xsfn ap
\{Xtfm? AXn\m Cu \{X
BImin ]nSnnncnb. Ah \
{ X tem I fmWv . Cu Jp B ssZh
nsbmtWm? Fn ssZhhpw hnZym bp
nhncpfmb AhnZybm GdnbIqdpw
\ndXmWv.
157. Ah henb KqVX{w {]tbmKnpp. Rm\pw
henb KqV X{w Xs bmWv {]tbm Kn p Xv .
(8.30.86.15,16)
kao: KqVX{sap]dbpXv NXnbvm
Wv. JpZmbpw NXnbt\m? tamjWn\pcw
tamjWhpw In\pcw IhpamtWm?
I \hs hon Ibdn Im \a
\pjy Is hon Ibdn Iptam?
sImmatm JpB Imth!
158. \ns cnXmhpw AWnbWnbmbn aepIfpw hcn
Ibpw \cIs sImphcnIbpw sNptm Av.
(7.30.89.2223)
kao: tk\m y t\m sImp hmtfm
ssk\ys AWn \n cn Ihmp
sNnpw t]msebmtWm JpZmbpw? \cIw
IpSamtWm CjvSapnSv FSppsImp
sNm? C{X sNdpsXn Gsdtsc AXn
ses\ _nnSpw?
159. Amlphns HIs hntpI. AXp shw
IpSnpsImssbv Amlphns ZqX Atcw
AhtcmSp ]dp. ]t Atls Ah \ntj[n
p. Fnv Ah B H Is Adp p sIm p.
Atm XfpsS Ipw ImcWw XfpsS cnXmhv
Ahsc Dqe\w sNbvXp (7.30.91.13,14)
kao: JpZmbpw HIpdtdn khmcnsN
ptam? Csnsen\v HIw? Ibmans
\m hcmsX Xs \nbaw ewLnv Ahsc
Dq e\w sNbv X sX n\v ? sNbv sX n
Ahp in\evIn. ]ns Ibmans
cm{Xn bn \ymb hn [n sb Xv I amtWm?
Cu HIhmbn \nv Atd_ybn khm
cnv asmpanmbncpsp \nbnmw.
Asn ap khmcnI Ipdhmbncpp.
GtXm Ad_nbmWv JpB FgpXnbsXv
CXp shfnhmpp.
160. thm. Ah hn canns n Xe apSn \mw
DutmsS ]nSnphenpIXs sNpw..... Iw ]d
bp Ibpw Ipw {]hn p Ibpw sNp Xe apSn.
\psS t]meokpImsc \mapw hnfnpsImmw. (7.30.96.15,
16,18)
kao: ]mhw N{]mknIfpsS XeapSn ]nSnp
henm\pw JpZm! XeapSn Iw ]dbpIbpw
Ipw sNbv Ibpw sNptam? Poh \n msX?
t]meokns\ hnfnp JpZm Fncp JpZm?
* ChnsS Xabvv JpB hN\nse amn
\\pkrXambn amw hcpnbnpv.
423
161. hyhsSpp Hcp cmhnemWv JpBs\ \mw
AhXcnnXv. hyhsSpp cmhv Fsp \n\
dnbmtam? B cmhn aepIfpw dqlpw (ssZhnI
ktihpw) AhcpsS cnXmhns Iev]\b\pkcnv
Fm ImcyfpwsImv Cdn hcpp. (7.30.97.1.2,4)
kao: Hcp cmhnemWv JpB AhXcns
n Atmgndn ]ss Cdn* Fp
]dbpXp kXyamIptam? cm{Xn CcpmWv .
AmsXdnbm? Xmsgbpw apIfnepw Hpw
ssZhw Cdpp. Cdppansp \mw Fgp
Xn h tm. ae p Ifpw dqlpw ssZhm
bm Cdnht{X! Cu JpZm a\pjys\
tmse GI tZ in Xs. CXp h sc bmbn
JpZmbpw aepw, {]hmNI\pw am{Xta Dm
bncppq. CtmgnXm dqlpw IqSn Cdn
hncnpp. \memaXv! CsXmWo dqsl
dnhn. CXntm {InkvXym\nIfpsS {XnXz
amb ]nXmhv ]p{X ]cnipmmhv Fnh
tbm HpIqSn!
Ch aqns\bpw JpZmbmbn KWnpns
msWn As\bmIs. Fm, dqlv
thd bm bn cns JpZm, aev , {]hm N I
Fnhscbpw dqlv (]hn{Xmmhv ssZhnI
ktiw) Fp ]dtbt? ]hn{Xmmhm
sWn Hns\am{Xw ]hn{Xmmshp ]d
bmtam. IpXnc, HIw, cm]I, JpB apX
embhsImv ssZhw BsWbnSpp. CXp \
hv tNX.
JpBs\n teJIs A`n{]mbw
C\n JpBs\n FgpXn _pnammcpsS
kaw CsX s\ bpsXp {]Xn ]m Zn
mw. FtmSp tNmZnm CXv CuizcIr
Xtam hnZzZv cNnXtam, hnZymbptam A,
Ft ]dbq.
Aev]w tZmj am{Xta ChnsS ]dp
q. Bfp I A_ n s]v PohnXw
hyamcpXtm. CXnep Aev]am{Xw
kXy thZmZn hn Zym ]p kv X I fn
epXpt]mse F\np {Kmly am bn cnpw
hw, ap aXfnsebpw imTy]]mXc
ln X cmb hnZzm mpw _pn am mpw
{KmlyamWv. CXmsX apsXmw Ahn
Zybpw {àPmehpw a\pjycpsS Bmsf
arK Xp ey amn imn `w Khpw, el fbpw
Dmn a\p jy cn B{Iaw hfn ]c
kv]cw ZpxJnemgvpXpamb hnjb
fmWv. ]p\cpn tZmjns `WvUmcamWv
JpB.
Cuizc Fmhpw Ir]sNmcnv, ]c
kv ]cw kv t\lhpw {]oXnbpw kuJyhpw
hnnp {]hrnIfn GsSps.
Rm Fsbpw A\yhpamb aXaXmc
fnse tZmj ]]mXw IqSmsX {]Im
in n p Xp t]mse Fm hnZzm mcpw
sNbvXm ]ckv]c hntZzjhpw hntcm[hpw
CmXmn. B\]qw sFIaXytmsS
Hnp tNv kXy{]m]vXn ssIhcpphm
FmWp hnjaw? JpBs\n Aev]am{Xw
FgpXn. CXn \nv _pnammcmb [man
I {KImcs A`n{]mbw {Klnv em`m\zn
XcmIWw.
hbnSpw sXp]nbnpsn AXp
XncpmhpXmWv.
thZn Cmw ]cmai\tam?
Hcp Imcyw tijn p p. hfsc apo
XfpsS aXsn AYh thZn Fgp
Xnbnpsv ]dbpIbpw FgpXpIbpw {]N
cnnpIbpw sNppv. AYhthZn
Cs\bnst Dcapq. sNdpkqN\t]m
epan.
tNmZyw: \n AYhthZw In
ptm? Inpsn Atm]\njp
hmbn n ptm? CXv AXnteXmWv . ]ns
s\bmWv AYhthZn kqN\t]mepw
Csp ]dXv?
AYmftm]\njZw hymJymkymax
Akv ambmw Ct an{Xm hcpWm Znhym\n
[t. Ct hcptWm cmPm ]p\ZpZpx
1. lbm ant{Xm Cmw Ct Cmw
hcptWm an{XkvtX PkvXmax
2. tlmXm c ant{m tlmXm c an { a lm kp
cn{mx Atm tPyjvTw t{ijvTw ]caw ]qWw
{_mWw Amav.
* hymJymXm Cs\bmWv hymJym\sagpXpXv.
HnndnbXmbn.
424
3. Atm ckqe almaZcI_cy Atm
Amav.
4. AZm_qItaIIav . Am_qI \nJXIav .
5. Atm bt\ lpX lp Xzm. Am
kqcy N{ kh\{Xmx
6. Am EjoWmw kh Znhymw C{mb
]qhw ambm ]caacnmx
7. Ax ]rYnhym Acnw hnizcq]av.
8. Cmw I_ Cmw I_ Cmw
CtXn Cmx
9. Hmw Am Cm A\mZnkzcq ]mb
AYhWmiymam lpw {low P\m\ ]iq
knm NeNcm\ZrjvSw IpcpIpcp^Sv.
10. Akpc kwlmcnWo lpw {low Atm
c kqe al a Zc I_ cky Atm Am an
tXn Cmx
CXytm]\njXv kam]vXm:
CXn {]Xyambpw aplZv\_nsb dkq
FsgpXnbnpv. CXn \nv Cmw aXw
thZaqeIamsWp sXfnbpp.
Dcw: \n AYh thZw In s
n \psS ] hcq. XpSw apX
HSpw hsc t\mq. Asn GsXnepw
A Yh th Z m cs ] \nv Ccp ]Xp
ImWvUfp AYhthZw hmn t\mq.
\n fpsS {]hm N Is t]tcm, aX ns
kqN\tbm AXn ImWn. Cu Atm]\n
jv AYhthZnsetbm AXns {_m
Wamb tKm]Ynsetbm GsXnepw imJ
bnsetbm A. CXpmnb B Ae]w
Ad_nbpw kzev]w kwkvIrXhpw ]TnXm
sWp tXmp p. Fs m CXn
Ad_nbnsebpw kwkv Ir X n sebpw ]Z
ImWmw.
t\mq, (A kv ammw Ct an{Xm h cpWm
Znhym\n[t) CXymZn ]p`mKambn Fgp
Xn bn cn p p. CXn Akv ammw Ct
Fnh Ad _nbpw an{Xm h cpWm Znhym\n
[t kwkvIrXhpw BWv. As\bmWv
apgph\pw. AXn\m kwkvIrXhpw Ad_nbpw
Adnbmhp BfmbncnWw CsXgpXnbXv.
Aw t\mn bm Ir{Xn a hpw, tNcm
Xpw, hymI cW hncp hp amWv Fp
ImWmw.
Cu D]\njpt]mse ]e aXmcpw ]
]mXnIfpw ]e D]\njpIfpw FgpXopv.
kztcmt]m\njv, \rknwlXm]n\n, cmaXm
]\n, tKm]meXm]n\n apXemb ]eXpapv.
tNmZyw: CXphscbmcpw \nsftmse ]d
nn. CsXs\ hnizknpw?
Dcw: \n hnizknmepw Csnepw
\mw ]dXv IamIn. Rm\nXns\ Abp
am sWp m]n Xp t]mse \nfpw
AYhthZw, tKm]Y{_mWw, thZimJI
Fo { ]mNo\ { K fn \n v
bYmamb teJ\w ImpI. AkmwK
Xym ipoIcnbpw sNpI. Atm
{]amWbpamIpw.
tNmZyw: \psS aXw F{X tIaamsWp
t\mpI. AXn kkpJfpapv. HSp
hn apnbpw Inpw.
Dcw: Fm aXmcpw Cs\Xs ]d
bpw. ""RfpsS aXw tIaw. asmw tamiw.
apn RfpsS aXneqtS Inq.'' Fn
s\. \n ]d bp tXm Ah ]d bp
tXm R hnizkntXv?
kXy`mjWw, Alnwk, Zb apXemb ip`Kp
W Fm aX fnepw \ Xm sWp
R hnizknpp. _mn, hmZhnhmZw,
CujymtZzjw, anYym`mjWw Fnh Fm
aXfnepw NobmWv. \nv kXyaXw
thWsan sshZnIaXw ssIsmpI.
C\n kzw am\yXIfpw Aam\yXIfpw "kza
hymayhy{]Imiw' F iojIn
FgpXmw.
{ioabm\kckzXnkzmanI cNnkXym{]Im
inse
Cmw aXhnjbsf JWvU\aWvU\w sNp
]Xnmemw kapmkw Ignp.
425
Hmw
kXym{]Imiw
kzahymahy{]Imix
(kzw am\yXIfpw Aam\yXIfpw)
khX{knmsaXv Fm cmPy
fnepw kmhP\nIamb [aamWv. AXns\
Ftmgpw Fmhcpw am\np t]mp, Cpw
am\npp, \msfbpw am\npw. AXn\m
k\mX\ \nXy[asamWv AXns t]cv .
AXns hntcm[nI Bcpw DmhpIbn.
AhnZymbpcmbhtcm GsXnepw aXm
c\m hgnsXnshtcm AdnbpIbpw am\n
p Ibpw sNp Xp t]mse _pn am m
sNcpXv. ]Icw, B]vX AYhm kXyam\n
Ifpw kXyhmZnIfpw kXyImcnIfpw ]tcm]
ImcnIfpw ]]mXclnXcpamb hnZzmm
am\n p Xv {]am W tbm Ky am I bm Fm
hpw am\yhpw am\nmXv Aam\yhpam
bncnpw.
thZmZn kXyimkv{Xfpw, {_m Ejn
apX ssPan\nap\n h sc bphcpw am\n n
cp Cuizc XpSnbpsXmw F\npw
am\y am Wv . Ah k \ fmb alm i b
mkaw {]IminnpsIms.
F\np am\nmhph {XnImefnepw
Fm hpw am\y am bn cn p Xm sW v
Rm Adn bpp. F\nv \ho\ k ev ]
tfm ]pXnb aXaXmc {]Ncnnm
\ptitam teihpw CXs. kXyambXp
am\npI, am\nnpI, AkXys XyPnp
I, XyPnnpI FnhbmWv F\nòjvSw.
Rm ]]mXnbmsWn Bcymh
n {]Ncnncnp GsXnepw aXtmSv
B`napJyw ]pepw. Bcymhntem
A\y{Xtbm D A[abpambhsb kzoI
cn p Itbm [a bp am b hsb XyPn p
Itbm C. AXn\v B{K ln p p an .
Fsm AXv a\pjy[n\p _mly
amWv.
a\\ioetmsS XtsXhw A\y
cpsS kpJZpxJsfbpw em`\jvSsfbpw
IWmphs\bmWv a\pjys\p ]dbp
Xv. A\ymbmc\mb is\ `bsScp
Xv. Fm [ammhmb Zpes\tmepw
t]Sn Ww. Fp am{X a , Xs Fm
kmaYyhpw D]tbmKnv, [ammsf, Ah
sc{Xbpw A\mYtcm Zp_etcm \nKpWtcm
BIs, cnbpw DbpIbpw CjvSam
N cn bpw A[an I sf, N{I hn am tcm,
k\m Ytcm, alm i tcm, KpW hm mtcm
Bbmepw \innbpw XmgvnspIbpw,
A\n jv S am N cnp Xfp Ibpw thWw.
CXn F{X ZmcpWamb ZpJw Dmbmepw,
{]mW shSntbnhmepw a\pjym\pIqe
amb Cu [an \np amdn \nevcpXv.
CXns\n {ioam `XrlcnalmcmPmhpw
apw tmIsagpXnbnpv. ChnsS AsXgpXp
Xv {]tbmP\sSpw.
1. \np \oXn \n]pWmbZnhmkvXphp
evaox kamhniXp KXp hm btYjvSav.
AssZyh hm acWakvXp bpKmtc hm
\ymmXv ]Yx {]hnNen ]Zw \ [ocmx
(`Xrlcn)
1
2. \ PmXp Imam `bm tem`mZv
[cvaw XytPohnXkym]n tltXmx
[tam \nXyx kpJZpxtJXz\ntXy
Pothm \ntXym tlXpckyXz\nXyx
(alm`mcXw)
1. \oXniXIw 84
2. DtZymK]w 40 11
426
3. GIGh kplrcvtam
\n[t\f]y\pbmXn bx
icotcW kaw \miw
kcvha\yn KXn.
(a\p)
3
4. kXytah PbtX \m\rXw
ktXy\ ]m hnXtXm tZhbm\x
tb\mff{Iayrjtbm lym]vXImam
b{X XXyky ]caw hn[m\av.
(D)
4
5. \ln kXymXv ]tcm[cvtam
\m\rXmXv ]mXIw ]cav.
\ln kXymXv ]cwm\w
XkvamXv kXyw kamNtcXv.
5
Cu almibmcpsS tmI\pkrX
ambn Fmw \n bn m hp XmWv
6
. C\n
Rm Hmtcmmbn Fs am\yXbv\pkcnv
kwt ]np hWn mw. CXns hntij
hymJym \ Cu {K nse AXmXp
k`fn Dv.
1. Cuizc: {_w, ]cammhv XpSnb
t]cpIfp knZm\mZn eWbphpw
]hn {X amb KpW I kz `m h fp Xpw
kh \pw, P c ln X\pw, A\ \pw,
khinam\pw, Zbmephpw \ymbImcnbpw
krjvSnImhpw, [mcI\pw kwlmhpw,
khPohnIpw Im\pkrXw kXy\ym
bf\pkcnv êw \evIpXpw eW
fmbpXns\ "ktizc' Fp am\np
p.
2. NXptZ: (= hnZym[abp\mb
Cuizc\m {]WoXamb kwlnXma{`mKw)
sXp]m kzXx {]amWambn am\npp.
AXv kzbw {]amWamWv. AXmbXv AXns
{]mamWyn\v ap {KfpsS {]mamWyw
th. kqcy\pw hnfpw AXmXns {]Imi
m kzXx {]ImiIambncnpw]Sn, ]rYn
hym Zn Isf {]Im in n pw t]msebmWv
NXptZ. NXptZfpsS {_mW
BdwK, Bdp]mwK, \mep]th
Z 1127 thZimJI AYhm thZhymJym\
cq]n {_mZn aljn am Dm nb
{K , Fn hsb ]cXx {]am W ambn.
AXmbXv, thZm\pIqeamb{Xbpw {]amWhpw
thZhncp hN\fpsn Ahsb A{]
amWambpw am\npp.
3. [am [a : ] ]m X c ln X amb
\ymbm N c Whpw kXy `m j Wm Zn bp hpw
Cuizcmbmb thZhncphpw Bb
Xns\ [a sapw, ] ]mX kln Xhpw
A\ymbmNcWhpw anYym`mjWhpw, Cuiz
cmm `wKhpw thZhncpambXpw GtXm
AXns\ A[asapw am\npp.
4. Poh: C, tZzjw, kpJw, ZpxJw,
m\w apX emb KpW fp Xpw Aev ]
\pw, \nXyhpw BbXns\ Poh Fp
am\npp.
5. Poh\pw Cuizc\pw: kzcq] ssh[ay
fm `nhpw hym]y hym ]I _w
km[ayw Fnhbm A`nhpamWv. AXm
bXv aqnamb {Zhyw BImin\n
`nambn CcpXpw CcnpXpwt]msebpw
Fm Hcnepw HmbnncpnnmXpw
CcnmXpw t]msebpw Cuizc\pw Pohm
mhpw hym]y hym]Icpw, D]mky D]mk
Icpw. ]nXm]p{Xmcpw XpSnb _fp
hbmsWp am\npp.
6. A\mZn hkvXp: aqpv, Hv Cuiz
c, cv Pohmm, aqv {]IrXn AYhm
PKXvImcWw. Chbvp \nXyw F t]cpap
3. a\pkvarXn. 8.17.
4. apWvUtIm]\njXv. 3.1.6.
5. AmXw 6. Cu tifpsS `mhmw. 1. \oXn
\n]pWm kvXpXntbm \nntbm sNs,
[\w CjvSwt]mse hcnItbm t]mhpItbm sNs,
CpXstbm bpKp tijtam acWw `hns
Fmbmepw [ocm \ymbamn \nv ASn
sXpIbn. 2. B{Klntem `bmtem tem`
mtem PohnXw \ne\nm\mbmepw icn Hcnepw
[w XyPncpXv. [w \nXyhpw kpJZpxJf
\nXyhpw Poh \nXyhpw kpJZpxJ ImcWf\n
XyhpamWv . 3. acWnepw A\pbm{X sNp kplr
stbpp. AXmWv [w. asmw Xs ico
ctmsSmw \mkabSbpp. 4. kXyw Pbnpw
A\rXw Pnbn n . kXy m e tm tam amw
hnkvXrXambncnpXv. kXyns B t{ijvT]p
RvPntemWv B]XvIcamb Ejnam B hgntb
{Iaambn aptdpXv . 5. kXytm henb [
an. A\rXtm henb ]mXIan. kXyt
m henb Adnhn. AXn\m kXyamNcnpI.
427
v . \nXy h kv Xp fpsS KpW I kz `m
hfpw \nXyamWv.
7. {]hmlm A\mZn: kwtbmKm
Dm Ip {Zhy KpW I hntbm K
n\p tijw \ne\nevpn. Fm GXn
\m {]Ya kwtbm K ap m Ip pthm B
kmaYyw AXn A\mZnbmWv. AXpsImv
hopw kwtbmKhntbmK kw`hnpp.
Ch aqns\bpw {]hmlm A\mZnsbp
am\npp.
8. krjvSn: shtsd {ZhyfpsS m\
]qap IqSntbneqsS hnhn[ cq]
DmIpXn\p krjvSnsbp ]dbpp.
9. krjv Sn bpsS {]tbm P\w: Cuiz cs
krjv Sn \n an amb KpW Ia kz`m h
kêamIemWv krjvSnbpsS {]tbmP\w. Hcp
h A]ct\mSp tNmZnpp Isn\v?
ImWm F bm fp cw ]d bp p. CXp
t]mse krjvSnm Cuizc\p kmaYy
ns kmêyw krjvSnenemWv. Pohm
mv bYmXYm Iaêt`mKw \evI
apXembhbpw.
10. krjv Sn kIXrIw: BWv . CXns
Imhv ap]p ]d Cuizc\mWv. Fs
m, krjvSncN\ t\mm\pw PU]Zm
v kzbw bYmtbmKyw _oPmZnIfmIm
\p kmaYyw Cm bv I bmepw krjv Sn
Imhv IqSntb Ignbq.
11. _\w: \nanapXmWv, AXmbXv
AhnZym\nanw. ]m]Ia, Cuizc\m
Xns Bcm [\, Am\w XpS n b
sXmw ZpxJêw \evIpXmWv. AXn\m
Ch _\fmWv. B{Klansnepw A\p
`hntXocq.
12. apn: Fm ZpxJfn\npw thdnv
_\clnX\mbn khhym]nbmb Cuizc
\nepw Ahs krjvSnbnepw tkzm]qw
hnlcnv \nb X k abw hsc apn bpsS
B\w A\p`hn tijw hopw kwkmc
_\n hcnI.
13. apn km [ \ : Cuiz tcm ]m k\
AYhm tbmKm`ymkw, [am\pjvTm\w, {_
N cy m hnZym {]m]v Xn B]v X hn Zzm m cp
ambn kwkKw, kXyhnZy, kZznNmcw, ]pcp
jmYw BZnbmbh.
14. AYw: [am am{Xw ssIhcp
Xm Wv . A[a m kn n p Xn \v
A\Yw Fp ]dbpp.
15. Imaw: [aw AYw Fnhbm ssIh
cpXv.
16. hWm{iaw: KpWIafpsS tbmKyX
A\pkcnmsWp am\npp.
17. cmPmhv: ipàmb KpWIakz`mhm
hn f p ]]mX c ln X \mbn \ymb
[as tkhnp {]PItfmSv ]nXrXpeyw
hnpbmfmWv cmPmhv.
18. {]P: ]hn{Xamb KpWIakz`mh
[mcWwsNbvXv ]]mXanmsX \ymb[a
f\pjvTnv cmPmhnsbpw P\fpsSbpw
DXn B{ K ln p sImv cmP t{ Zmlw
sNmsX, cmPmhnt\mSv ]p{XXpeyw hn
pbmfmWv {]P.
19. \ymb Imcn: Nnnv , Ak Xys
shSnv kXys {Klnv, A\ymbImcnIsf
AIn, \ymbImcnIsf hnnv, X\ns
hw aphcpsS kpJw Imwnpbm
fmWv \ymbImcn. Ahsc Rm am\npp.
20. tZh: hnZzmmcmWv tZhm, Ahn
Zzm m Akp c cpw, ]m]n I cm kcpw
A\mNmc sNph ]nimNpfpam
sWp am\npp.
21. tZh]qP: B hnZzmm, amXmhv, ]nXmhv,
BNmcy, AXnYn, \ymbImcnbmb cmPmhv,
[mm fmb P\w, ]Xn {hX, ]Xv \o {h
X, Fnhsc kXvIcnpXt{X tZh]qP
sbp ]dbpXv. CXn\p hn]coXw AtZh
]qPbpw. Cu hn{KlsfbmWv ]qPnt
Xv . inem Zn I fm ep m nb hn{K l
kYm A]qPysav am\npp.
22. inWw: hnZy, k`y X, [amX,
PntX{nbX apXembh hnnv AhnZym
ZntZmjsf shSnbpXmWv inWw.
23. ]qcmWw: {_lv amZn Ejn\nnXamb
sFX tc bmZn { _m W { K fm Wv .
Ahbvv ]pcmWw, CXnlmkw, Iev]w, KmY,
\mcmiwkn Fo t]cpIfpapsp am\np
p. `mKhXmZnIsf am\npn.
428
24. Xow: ZpxJkm Kcw IS n hn Sp
kXy`mjWw, hnZy, kwKw, bamZntbmKm
`ymkw, ]pcpjmw, hnZymZm\w XpSnb
ipÌ, Chsb XoYsap am\np
p. ePemZnIsfb.
25. ]pcp jmYw {]mc _v [ n ep ]cn:
Fsm knX {]mc_v[w DmIp
Xpw, GXv ipambm Fmw ipamIp
Xpw, GXp XIm Fmw XI cp Xpw
BWv ]pcpjmw. AXn\m ]pcpjmw
{]mc_v [tm almWv.
26. a\pjy: FmhtcmSpw bYmtbmKyw
XtmsShw kpJ ZpxJ em`\jvSfn
hnph t{ijvT, A\yYm hn
ph No Fp am\npp.
27. kwkv mcw: icocw a \v Bmhv
Fn hsb D a am p tXtXm AXm Wv
kwkvImcw. Ch \ntjIw apX ivaim\{Inb
hsc ]Xn \m dp v , Ch I hy am sWp
am\npp. Zl\m\cw acnbmfn\pthn
Hpw A\pjvTntXn.
28. bw: hnZzmmcpsS kXvImcw, inev],
ckm b\ ]Zm hn Zy Ip] bp am bh
sNpI, hnZymZnip`KpWfpsS Zm\w, An
tlm{XmZnIfm hmbp, hrjvSn, Pew. Huj[n
apXembhsb ipam hgn PohnIp
kuJyw ]IcpI FnhbmWv bsap
am\npp.
29. Bcy: t{ijvT\pw Zkyp ZpjvS\pw ]d
bp t]cpIfmsWpam\npp.
30. Bcym hw: Cu `q`m Kn\v Cu
t]cp hXv BZnkrjvSn apX Bcym Cu
`mKs A[nhknpXn\memWv. Fm
CXns AXncv hSv lnam e bhpw sXv
hnym N ehpw ]Sn mdv Av \ Znbpw
Ingv {_]p{XbpamWv. Cu \meXnn
bv p n D tZi ns\ Bcymh
sap ]dbpp. CXn kZm hknphsc
Bcymscpw ]dbpp.
31. BNmcy: kwtKm]mwKw thZhnZy ]Tn
nv kXymNmcw B{Klnv anYymNmcw XyPn
npbmfmWv BNmcy.
32. injy: kXy in Whpw hnZybpw
{Klnm tbmKy\mb [ammhpw hnZym
{K l W n\v C bp bmfpw BNm cy\v
{]nbw sNpbmfpamWv injy.
33. Kpcp: amXmhpw ]nXmhpw kXyw {Klnv
AkXys XyPnnpbmfmWv Kpcp.
34. ]ptcmlnX: bPam\\v lnXIcamb
kXys D]tZinpbm.
35. D]m[ymb: thZ`mKtam, thZmwKtam
]Tnnpbm
36. injvSmNmcw: [amNcW]qw {_
NcytmsS A`yknv {]XymZn{]amW
fm kXyhpw AkXyhpw \nWbnv kXyw
{Klnp Ibpw AkXyw ]cn Xy Pn p Ibpw
sNpXmWv injvSmNmcw. CXp sNpbm
fmWv injvS.
37. AjvS{]amW: {]Xyw apXemb
Fp{]amW am\npp.
38. B]vX: bmYmYyw ]dbp, [am
mhmb khcpsSbpw kpJn\mbn bXv\n
pbmfmWv B]vX.
39. ]co: Ap {]Imcnepv Hv
Cuizc. Cuizcs KpWIakz`mhfpw
thZhnZybpw. cv {]XymZn Fp {]amW
. aqv krjvSn{Iaw. \mev B]vXm
cpsS s]cpamw. Av kzw Bmhns
]hn{XX. hnZy Cu Ap]coIfm kXym
kXyw \nbnv kXys {KlnpIbpw
AkXys ]cnXyPnbpw thWw.
40. ]tcm]Imcw: a\pjys ZpcmNmcZpxJ
hnIepIbpw. t{ijvTmNmchpw kpJhpw
hnpIbpw sNpXn\p {]hnp
XmWv ]tcm]Imcw.
41. kzX{hpw ]cX{hpw: Poh Xs
Iafn kzX{hpw Iaêw A\p`hn
pXn Cuizcs hyhbm ]cX{
hpamWv. AXpt]mse Cuizc Xs kXym
NmcmZn Iaf\pjvTnpXn kzX{\m
Ipp.
42. kzKw: kpJhntijt`mKhpw AXn\p
XIp kma{KnIfpsS {]m]vXnbpamWv kzKw.
43. \cIw: ZpxJhntijt`mKhpw AXn\p
XIp kma{KnIfpsS {]m]vXnbpamWv \cIw.
429
44. Pw: icocw [cnv {]ISampXmWv
Pw. CXp ]qhw, ]cw, a[yw Fp aqp
{]Imcnepv.
45. PwarXyp: icocns kwtbmKw
Phpw hntbmKw am{Xw arXyphpamWv.
46. hnhmlw: \nba]qhw {]knamn,
kzw Cbm ]mWn{KlWw sNpXmWv
hnhmlw.
47. \ntbmKw: hn hm l n \p tijw
]Xntbm ]Xv \ntbm acn p Itbm sNp
hntbmKntem AYhm \]pwkIXzmZn nc
tcmKntem, kv{Xotbm ]pcpjt\m B]vX
Im e n kzh n setbm Xt Xn s\
m Dahnsetbm kv{XotbmsSm
]pcpjt\mtSm tNv kXypXv]mZ\w \S
pXv \ntbmKw.
48. kvXpXn: KpWIo\tam {ihWtam
m\tam BWv CXns êw {]oXnbpw ap
amWv.
49. {]m\: kzkmaYyn\p ]pdta,
Cuizcs\ kw_n hnm\mZnI e`n
phm Cuizct\mSv At]npXv. CXn
\pêw Zpc`nam\\mihpw apamWv.
50. D]mk\: Cuizcs KpWIakz`mh
]hn{XamIbm, XtXpw A{]Imcam
Ww. Cuizcs\ khym]I\mbpw Xn
Cuizc hym]nncnpspw {Klnv Cuiz
ckao]w \mapw \psS Cuizc\pw Dsv
tbmKm`ymkm kmmXvIcnpXmWv
D]mk\, CXn\v mt\mXnbpw apamWv
êw.
51. kKpW \nKpW kv XpXn {]m
t\m]mk\: Cuizc\nep KpWfdnv
Ah bm bp s\pw Cm h b dnv ,
Ahbnmhs\pw Adnv Ionp
XmWv kKpW\nKpWkvXpXn. ip`KpW
{Klnm Cuizct\mSnnpXpw, tZmj
XyPnm Cuizct\mSp klmbam{i
bnpXpamWv. kKpW\nKpW {]mY\.
Fm KpW fp Xpw, kh tZm j fm
cln X\pw Bb XmWv Cuiz c s\ dn v ,
kzw Bmhns\ Ah\pw, Ahs B
bvpambn kanXmWv kKpW \nKp
tWm]mk\. Cu knm Fs {K
fn AhnShnsSmWmw.
kwt]n kzknmw shfnhmn.
CXn s hn ti j hym Jym\w Cu
kXymY{]Imins {]IcWfnepw thZ
] cy S\w (EtKzZmZn `mjy `q an I) apX emb
{Kfnepw Dv. Fmhpw am\yamb
Imcy am\npp. AXmbXv kXyw ]d
b W sa Xv Fm hpw \Xpw am\y hp
amWv. Iw ]dbpXv Nobpw. Ch Rm
kzoIcnpp.
aXaXmcfpsS ]ckv]chncp elf
bn F\nv {]kXbn. Fsm Cu
aX{]NmcIcmWv AhchcpsS aXw {]Ncnn
v a\pjysc IpSpn ]ckv]cw i{Xpfmn
b Xv . CXns\ FXnv kh k Xy ns\
{]Ncnnv Ghscbpw sFIyaXynemn,
tZzjw shSnbnv, ]ckv]cw ZrVamb {]XoXn
Dhcmn Fmhcpw Fmhpw kpJtem
` Fnp sImSpnpXn\p thn
bmWv Fs]cn{iafpw A`n{]mbfpw.
k inam\mb Cuiz cs Ir]bpw
klmbhpw B]vX]pcpjmcpsS klm\p`q
XnbpwsImv Cu knm `qanbnsepw
io{Lw {]hramIs. As\ Ghcpw kl
Pambn [amYImatam knamn
kZm DXnbpw B\hpw {]m]ns. CXm
sWs apJyeyw.
_pnammtcmSv A[nIsap hnkvXcnm!
Hmav itm an{Xx iw hcpWx itm
`hXzcyam.
i Ct{m _rlkv]Xnx itm
hnjvWcpcp{Iax \tam {_tW
\akvtX hmtbm Xztah {]Xyw
{_mkn. Xztah {]Xyw {_ahmZn
jav, EXahmZnjav, kXyahmZnjav, Xm
amhoXvXZzmcamhoZv Bhomhv Bho
Zzcav.*
Hmav imnx imnx imnx
{ioaXv ]calwk ]cn{hmPImNmcy\pw,
]cahnZzm\pw, Bb
{iohncPm\ kckzXnkzmanIfpsS
injy\mb {ioabm\kckzXn kzmanIfm
hncNnXamb kzahymahy knmfm
* ssXncob BcWyIw 7.12
430
ka\znXamb kp{]amWbphpw,
kp`mjmhn`qjnXhpamb kXymY{]Imiw
F Cu {Kw kqWw.
kXymY{]Imins
Cu aebmf Xa SnWnA\p_
klnXw sNbvXv
lnm Zbm\{_malmhnZymebnse
{]Ya tIcfobkv\mXI\pw sshZnIbXn aWvUew
BNmcy_ncpZw
km\nbmfpamb \tc{`qj BWv.
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The Light of Truth

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