Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shakhsiyyah 2
Shakhsiyyah 2
ʾ>N¶=Ðh[=
Í[ºä Ù
î =e=a
¤ÈgÇ[J¶=Æf[n¿¶=ÆÍ[¢>Fì·¶
Í[jº>[=Í[£Fì¶=
½.,,/±[Â-0.0
$Ìb[»J£ºÍ[£F{%
Í[äºÙ=e=a
¤ÈgÇ[J¶=Æf[n¿¶=ÆÍ[¢>Fì·¶
-/1-5,H*t
Á>¿F¶)LÆE
.
3
0
H>J³¶=L>ÈÇJ
/ \>JJª×=ÍÈA
1 * ******************************** H>J³¶=L>ÈÇJ
5 **** ******************************** į«¶=Íi=ea
-- ** ******************************** į«¶=ÀºTc>
-/ ******* ******************************** 껯[=
.- ***************** Í«É·]ͺ>®ÝÁÇ»·j=>Ãɪ¸Ã¶=Ìb=
./ *** ******************************** ͪØ[=a>¯£¾=
.4 ********* ******************************** Í£ÉF¶=
/- *** ******************************** Í«É·=Æfm
/3 *** ******************************** ͪØ[=G·{
/4 *** ******************************** ͪØ[=ÌbUÆ
0, ****************************** bã¶=Æ?Ø^Ji×=
0. ******************************* Í«É·=Gr¾Í¯Èf{
10 ******************** ͪØ[^·¶ð>¿äÉ£ºð>r^m¥fn¶=ÀäÉ£È
52 ******************************** ͺ>£¶=L>ɶÆÖj=
-,/ ************ ÍÉCͶÆaKjɶÆÍÈfnEͶÆaÍɺ ØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=
-.. **** ******************************** Í«É·=¹h¢
-.1 ******** ******************************** Ìe>ºÝ=
-/, ******** ******************************** Í¢>ì¶=
-// *********** ¾=ǯ¶=ÀiË?Gɶ>iÙ=ƽ>³Uڶͫɷ=Êä¿FI
-02 ******** ******************************** a>Ã=
1
-1- ** ******************************** a>Ã=ÆÍ«É·=
-1/ ********************** oÉ=Ìa>ɯ¶Í«É·=Êò¶ÇIο£º
-21 ******* ******************************** bÉÃn¶=
-3/ ******** ******************************** >Efë ¶=
-31 * ******************************** ʺØiÝ=oÉ=
-32 ************************** ¹>J¯¶=e>«³¶>E;>£Ji×=
-4. ***************************** ʺØiÝ=oÉ=hÉÃ
-4/ * ******************************** L>È=f¶=ÆÍÈǶÙ=
-42 ******* ******************************** ÏfiÙ=
-5. ** ******************************** ÍÉEf=Íi>Éj¶=
-55 ******************************** Hf=Hd³¶=
.,/ ****** ******************************** kjRJ¶=
.,5 ******** ******************************** ;b=
.-- ******************************* ÍÈf³j£¶=ØUÙ=
.-0 * ******************************** ÌhÑ>=L=bÂ>£=
.-2 ***************************** ÍÈe=fìu×=L=bÂ>£=
.-5 * ******************************** L=bÂ>£=x¯¾
... *** ******************************** ÊEf=fª>³¶=
..0 ******* ******************************** ˼@Jj=
..3 *** ******************************** ʺd¶=½>³U?
./. *********************** e>«³¶=η¢½ØiÝ=°ÉFìIG
./0 ******** ******************************** ÍÈh=
2
-/3 *********************** X·r¶=ÆT=f=Æfn£¶=Êu=e?
.05 **************************** ½ØiÝ=e=aÆf«³¶=e=a
.1/ ****************************** e>«³·¶¿ºÖ=Ì×=Ǻ
.22 ******************* ½ØiÝ=e=aCf«³¶=e=aÀºÌfR=
.3- ******************** ±>®i×=Ʊëf¶=Àº½ØiÝ=¬®Çº
.3. *** ******************************** °É®f¶=Í>£º
.33 ******************************** ±>®i×=Í>£º
.4- ****************************** a=fªÙ=EL>®Ø£¶=
.40 ********* ******************************** ¤ÉF¶=
.44 ********************* ½=fUÄ£ÉFªa>F£¶=η¢½fU>º¸²
.45 ************************** µb¿¢kɶ>º¤ÉEgÇ×
.5. ***** ******************************** ¼í·j ç ¶=¤ÉE
.53 ************************* >Çq?η¢ÊÂÆe>»N¶=¤ÉE
/,1 ***************************** Éj¯J¶>EÆÀáÈb¶>E¤ÉF¶=
/-, ****** ******************************** Ìfj»j¶=
/-2 ******* ******************************** Ìe>QÝ=
/-3 ******** ******************************** QÙ=
/-4 ******* ******************************** ÌfQÙ=
/-5 *** ******************************** ÌfQÙ=fÈb¯I
/.- *** ******************************** ÌfQÙ=e=b¯º
/.. **** ******************************** ÌfQÙ=¤ªa
/./ *** ******************************** Ð=fQîÙ=¥=Ǿ?
3
/.1 ********************* ¹>仢ͷ³nº½ØiÝ=bQÇI×
/.4 * ******************************** Á>É¢Ù=e>RÒJi=
//. **************************** ο³j·¶eÆb¶=e>RÒJi=
//0 ******************************** ½=fU>÷²ÌÇmf¶=
//5 ******** ******************************** ÀÂf¶=
/0, ****************************** ÀÂf¶>EÀÃIf=¥>«J¾=
/00 ******** ******************************** k·«=
/04 ******** ******************************** Ͷ=Ç=
/1- ******* ******************************** fÈÇrJ¶=
4
¼ÉUf¶=Àf¶==¼jE
į«¶=Íi=ea
η¢¢zfªÄI>ÉU¼·j=½h·I¶=ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=ͪf£º
Á?´¶c *¥fn¶=½>³U?GjUĶ>»¢@E½Ç¯ÈÁ@EeǺ@ºÄ¾Ù(¼·jº¸²
Ç¿ºÖ=ÄEG{>]Æ(l>¿¶=ÄE¥e>n¶=G{>]Ëd¶=¬É·³J¶=H>ì]
¹>»¢? Á>²½?Á>Ý=Á>²?Ð=Çi(bUÙÄɪÉ× ½hQH>ì]
#[OU XT @ 6Ķǯ² > ° °SÀyXqXT ¯ SÄ=°%XÄ @ 6>£I Ķǯª *Á>j¾Ý=
ľDz OÉU Àº ÇÂÆ *¬É·³I H>ì] >»Âز > SW®Jm W3m[OXT \ÌÙkWÙ
ĶǮ ¸É¶bE *½hQ H>ì] (ÄE >¿F{>] Ëd¶= ¥ÇuÇ= OÉU Àº × ð>E>ì]
WDSÅWc DU mÙ%U àÄ ÉSÀyXqXT ³_³V Vl¯ RX=°%ØUÄ% YXT C°%ØUÀ-° WD[ W%XT @ 6>£I
C\-VÙ @6>£I¹>®¸»¢¸²Î·¢ÍFi>=¸É¶bEÆ > ×1°F®mÙ%U ÕC°% ÅQXn]m°cÚ Ä1ÀIV
¹>®Æ> ÈPXmWcXm[QqVlW$VØ:°%×#\-ØÈWcCW%XT§°¨ÈPXmWc:mÙk\\QqVlW$VØ:°%×#\-ØÈWc
C°%Õ0Q °-WÃW%XT:m²ÙVs&n×m\\ÕC°%Õ0Q °-WÃ%ÙÝW5r#ÁÀi¦HV"W3×SWc @6>£I
> ÈO_ÙÝW5 Ä1ÁÃqªLk\»ÄcXT ;ik°ÈW ,iW%U àÈOX=ØoWXT \IV<ØoW DU ×SV wjXSV" ÄÜSÀy
(½g>Q¸³nEÐ>Q¬É·³J¶>ª *> Õ0Q °-Wà % ÙÝW5 r#Á rÛXSÉ"XT @6¹>®Æ
¸»¢Ë@E½>ɯ¶=b¿¢¥fn¶=½>³U@EbɯJÈÁ?½g>Q¸³nE¬·³º¼·j=Æ
Æ?ð>F·{ÄE=Ä«·²Ëd¶=ÐÊn¶=Ë?(¬É·³J¶=¥ÇuǺ>äº?*¹>»¢Ù=Àº
(ð>U>FºÁdzÈb®Æ(ð>EÆb¿ºÁdzÈb®Æ(ð>ufªÁdzÈb®Çê(ð=ÉÆ?ð>²fI
×Æ ½hQ Çê ¬É·³J¶= k«¾ >º? *ð>ÂÆf³º ÁÇ³È b®Æ (ð>º=fU ÁÇ³È b®Æ
Á>²>¿ÂÀºÆ *ÄEbɯJ¶=HÇQÆÊÂÆÌbU=ÆͶ>U×CĶkɶÆ(ÄɪÉ
5
*>ɾb¶=Ì>É=ĺh·I¶=ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=f£ÈÁ?¼·jº¸²Î·¢ð>ufª
zfª>þDªÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=ÀºÄI>ÉUĺh·È>ºÎ·¢a=g>ºÍªf£º>äº?
bÈÖÈÆ *®>F¶=À¢¯ix£F¶=>ú>®?ÁC(¢zfªKjɶÆÍÈ>«³¶=η¢
¼·£¶=G·{ 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®´¶>ºÀEk¾?À¢ËÆe>º=dÂ
¼·j=½h·È ¼·¢¸²>¿Âa=f=Á>²ÁCÆľCÆ ¼·jº¸²Î·¢ÍvÈfª
Àº(ÄI>ÉU¼·j=½h·I¶=½>³UÙ=ÍÉU>¾ÀºÄ¯«¶=Äɪ¸]bÈľDªÄI>ÉU
eǺÙ= Àº į«¶= Íi=ea K¾>² >¿Â ÀºÆ *´¶c ¦Æ Lغ>£ºÆ L=a>F¢
K¾>²? Ð=Çi (¼ÃÉ·¢ = >Ãufª ¶= ½>³UÙ= Àº ¸E (»·j»·¶ ͺgض=
Íi=eaη¢ÍM>UÍ«Èfn¶=OÈa>UÙ=LÐ>Qb®Æ*ÍÈ>«²zfª½?¢zfª
À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeb¯ª(į«¶=¼·£Iη¢OUb®U¹Çif¶=ÁDª(į«¶=
ð=]ÄE=afÈÀº 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®Á>É«iÊE?ÀEÍÈÆ>£º°Èf{
=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®ÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢GÉj=ÀEbÉ£iÀ¢Æ(ÀÈb¶=Äï«È
OÈa>UÙ=Ådê*ÍQ>ºÀE=Å=ÆeÀÈb¶=Äï«Èð=]ÄE=afÈÀº 6 U
H>ì=ÀEf»¢À¢ËÆàeb®Æ*ÄJi=eaη¢O=Æį«¶=¸vªÍfq
ÀºÁÇÂ?e>ÿ¶=¼Ñ>q¸É·¶=¼Ñ>®bE>¢¬¶?LÇ 6¹>®Ä¾?Ä¿¢=Êue
*¸F¿UÀE=Å=Æeĺ=fUÆ=¹Ø}rF¶=¸®>£¶=LǺ
-,
į«¶=ÀºTc>
(¼ÃJ¯É·i ÍÉEf£¶= K¾>³ª ð>Ef¢ ¼ÃÉ·¢ = Á=Çue ÍE>Vr¶= Á>²
¹Çif¶ºgغ=Ǿ>²Æ(ÊEf£¶=Á>j·¶>EͯɮaÍ{>UCìÉÐ>»·¢=Ǿ>²Æ
>Ãɪ¹Çif¶=FÈPa=Ç=Æ*¹Çif¶=¤º¼Âƹh[¿ÈÁAf¯¶=Á>³ª( U=
ìÉ Í£Èfn¶>E Ð>»·¢ ð>vÈ? =Ǿ>³ª (¼Ã¿º ¤»jºÆ Ï?fº η¢ = ¼³U
ÁÇ¿ÉFÈ=¼³U Á>ÉEC T>J ¶=Í£®=Ƕ=¼ÃÉ·¢ afIK¾>² Vª *>ÃE
¹Ç¯£ºÀºÆ?(s¿¶=ÀºÅÇìF¿Ji=Ëd¶=¼ÃÈ?eÁ>ÉFEÊ¢fn¶=¼³=>Ãɪ
(¸É¶b¶= Á>ÉE ÁÆa ¼³= Ð>ì¢C η¢ ÁÆfrJ¯È >º ð=N² =Ǿ>²Æ *s¿¶=
Àº x£F¶= ¸ >º =dÂÆ *¼ Ð=eA ¸³nE ÍE>Vr¶= ÍÉv®? K·¯à¾ ´¶d¶Æ
ͯɯ=Æ *>È>v¯¶=¼ÃÈ?eÁÇì£È=Ǿ>²ÍE>Vr¶=Á?¼Ã«ÈÁ?η¢l>¿¶=
Àº ¼Ã»Ã«E ÅÇìF¿Ji= Ëd¶= Ê¢fn¶= ¼³= ÁÇì£È =Ǿ>² ÍE>Vr¶= Á?
Æ?(¼³=Í·¢=Ç¿ÉFÈÆ?(¸É¶b¶>EÅÇ£«nȼÿ³¶Æ(ÍÉ¢fn¶=tÇr¿¶=
gÇľ?Æ(ÍE>Vr¶=ÀºË?f¶==dÂÁ?½>ÃÈCC´¶cÏa@ª*Í·£¶=¸É¶a=Ç¿ÉFÈ
ð>ªe>¢Æ ½ØiÝ>E ð>£Fnº Ä·¯¢ ½=a >º ÍÉv¯¶= ÄÈ?e Á>j¾Ý= Êì£È Á?
*ÍÉEf£¶>E
ÊEf£¶= Á>j·¶= η¢ >Ãɪ a>j«¶= ?f{ ¶= eÇr£¶= LÐ>Q >Æ
(Ì=Æf¶=CHd³¶=HfjI>Æ *Á>j·¶=Fv¶b¢=Ç®¼·£JàIÍÉEf£¶=Le>q
*¹Çq@E¼·£JàÈð>¿ªOÈb=e>q( U>÷¯È¹Çif¶=À¢OÈa>U?KÈÆeÆ
tÇr¿¶=Æ ÍÉEf£¶= ͧ·¶>E ͪf£º C T>J ½>³UÙ= >F¿Ji= e>q ´¶d¶Æ
ÄQÇE GVrÈ b®Æ (¸É¶b¶>E GVrÈ Ê¢fn¶= ¼³= e>rª (ÍÉ¢fn¶=
ð>q>]ð>FÉIfIGIfÈÆ(OVF¶=ð=bÈbQð>¾Ç³IÁdzJÈį«¶=?bFª*¹×bJi×=
--
Á>ÉEÀºbE×e>qÄFÉIfIÆÄFÈÇFIGɶ>iÙ=ØJ]=η¢Æ*GÈÇFJ¶=
U¹×bJi×=ÄQÆÁ>ÉEÀºbE×Æ(¼³=Á>ÉE¤ºÊ¢fn¶=¼³=¸É¶a
Àº ǶÙ= L>Ò ÍɺØiÝ= ÍFJ³= Lf»¢ b®Æ *Äɪ >ð«·J ¼³= ÁdzÈ
b£Ee>«³¶=Á?¦*zf£¶=ÆGÈÇFJ¶=ÀºÍ¢Ç¿JºGɶ>i@Eį«¶=L>«¶Ö=
=Æd]?ËaØÉ=fn¢Àº>N¶=Áf¯¶=¬rJ¿ºb£E»·j=Æh¦=ÇVÁ?
Åëf³È >»² į«¶= GJ² ¼ÃɶC =ÇÂçf³ª (ÍɺØiÝ= ½Ç·£¶= ¼Ã¾Çì¶>§È
=Ç£uÆb¯ª*H>Ed¶=Ðfà]ľ?Ä¿¢¼¹Ç¯ÈU¸j£¶>El>¿¶=ÊÑ>ìj«j¶=
zf¢? =cCÆ *ÁÇ»·j= Ä¿¢ zóf£àÈ ÎJU aÇi? e>{C ʺØiÝ= į«¶=
=Ç£®ÆÆ (½ØiÝ= ½>³U? ͪf£º À¢ =Çuf¢? b¯ª į«¶= À¢ ÁÇ»·j=
ÀºbE×Á>²´¶c¸Q?ÀºÆ *¸£«¶>E¸rU>º=dÂÆ(=ÀÈa¸Ã=
į«¶= Àº Tc> zf£E į«¶= Íi=ea η¢ ¹>F®Ý= η¢ »·j= OU
Àº Tc> zf¢ l>¿·¶ =ðbÉ«º Á>³ª *ÄJi=ea C ±Çn¶= Ìe>MÝ ÊºØiÝ=
Åd >ÃÉ·¢ Áǯ·ìÈ>º ÊÂÆͺ>£¶=L>®Ø£¶>Eͯ·£J=ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=
ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=ÀºTc>Æ(ËeÇJib¶=į«¶=Æ?(ÍÉi>Éj¶=½>³UÙ=½>ÈÙ=
(ʾb=ÁǾ>¯¶=>ÃÉ·¢Áǯ·ìÈ>ºÊÂÆ(¼Ãv£E¤ºa=fªÙ=L>®Ø£Eͯ·£J=
½>³UÙ= Àº Tc>Æ (L>Eǯ£¶>E ͯ·£J= ÍÉ¢fn¶= ½>³UÙ= Àº Tc>Æ
(\ÇuǶ=½>ðÍVu=ÆÍÉ﫶=ÌeÇr¶=ÁdzIÎJUL>¿ëÉF¶>Eͯ·£J=ÍÉ¢fn¶=
*ÌJ£=į«¶=GJ²L>ú?ʺØiÝ=į«¶=Íi=eb¶±Çn¶=NI>÷£·ª
-.
껯[=
¥fn¶=½>³U?ͺ>®Ý>ɾb¶=ð>£É»·j»·¶Íº>¢Íi>ÑeÊÂͪØ[=
ͺ>ºÝ>ª (ͺ>ºÝ= >ÿɢ ÊÂÆ *>£¶= C ÍɺØiÝ= ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸Æ (ʺØiÝ=
ο£J»·³¶=I>ÃEÍVÉVr¶=OÈa>UÙ=LaeÆb®Æ*bU=Æο£ÍªØ[=Æ
Ë?(Ê¢fms¾Ë?Ïf]Ù=ο£º¬¶>ο£º>»Ã¿ºËÙafÈÆ*bU=Æ
Á?G×Æ *ÍÉ¢fn¶=tÇr¿¶=>»ÂbUÆ>»Ã¾ÙÍä¿j¶=×ÆH>J³¶=×
*ĶǶbº½hJ·È>CÆ(ͪØ[=Æ?ͺ>ºÝ=Ë? «·¶==d½hJ·È
*>£¶= e>ì®? ¤É ͪ>² »·j= η¢ zfª Í«É·] ͺ>®CÆ
)»·j=η¢=>Ãufª¶=zÆf«¶=ÀºzfªË@E½>ɯ¶>²)ÄE½>ɯ¶=Æ
ÍÉr£ºÄE½>ɯ¶=r¯J¶=Æ(ľ@mÌa=ÇÂ×ÆÄɪÉ×¼Jfº?ÇÂ
*H=d£¶=bm?>ÃÉ·¢=Hd£ÈÊq>£=²?Àº
H>J³¶= 6ͪ>² »·j= η¢ Í«É·= ͺ>®C HÇQÆ Î·¢ ¸É¶b¶=Æ
*ÍE>Vr¶=¥>CÆÍ¿j¶=Æ
»·j=E¼³Á? U¹Çif¶=fº?>£I=ÁDª(H>J³¶=>º?
ÄÉ·¢ ¹Çif¶= >ðF{> >£I ¹>® (½g>Q ¸³nE Ķ Åfº? Á>²Æ (= ¹h¾? >
[XÄ\C -WÃ×1ÉFXÄXSØFU Õ̯.V" YXT W$Xs5U \-¯ 2ÀIV<ØoW 1ÁØPVÙ @ 6½Øj¶=
×1ÉFXÄXSØFU Õ̯.V" YXT W$Xs5U \-¯ 1ÇJX=ØoW 1ÅÕO ©DU XT @6¹>®Æ > ©F\UÙ ]C°%
¹Çif¶=H>ì]Æ *> \ÙkV¯ W$Xs5U W% ¨¹ØÈW CWà [SÄ=°)ÙÝWc DU ×1ÉF×q[kØPXT
ð>E>ì]Ádzɪ¸É¶aafÈ>¿ÂÆ(ÄEÄrr¸É¶aafÈ>ºÄJºÙH>ì]
*Á>ì·j¶=Ƽ³=ͺ>®C×CÍ«É·=ͺ>®C£È×Æ *¼³=ͺ>®DE»·j»·¶
¹bÈ>(¼²>=Ë?(fºÙ=ʶÆ?Í¢>{»·j=η¢zfª>£I=Á?η¢
-/
@ 6>£I ¹>® *»·j= η¢ fºÙ= 榮 aÇQÆ HÇQÆ Î·¢
WÛÏ° SM{iU
Wc
= fº@È ×Æ > Ô2Å=°% ®p×')] r®
TÊ XT W$SÀym SÄÈk°»U XT SÄÈk°»U ÜSÄ<W%XÄ
η¢kɶa>Ý==dÂÆ(fºÙ=ʶÆa>Cη¢¹bª *ĶaÇQÆ×ÀºÍ¢>ìE
>£I>ª*GQ=Æ=¹h¾?>¼³=ÁÙHÇQǶ=η¢¸E(ÍU>EÝ=Æ?Hb¿¶=
fºÙ=ʶÆaÇQÆÁDª *Åa>DEfº?b®ÁdzÈľDªfºÙ= ʶÆÍ¢>ìEfº?U
¼³= ¤ÉÉvI ÄÉ·¢ GIÈ Åa>C µfIÆ (Ê¢fn¶= ¼³= ͺ>®C ÄÉ·¢ GIÈ
ÊÂÆ(ͺfàUÀºÅa>C½b¢Î·¢GIÈ>ð>FQ=ÆÅa>CÁdzɪ(Ê¢fn¶=
*Ê¢fn¶=¼³=¤ÉÉvI
f»¢ÀE=ʶ¹>®6¹>®¤ª>¾°Èf{À¢¼·jºÏÆeb¯ªÍä¿j¶=>º?Æ
×ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ=ʯ¶Í¢>{Àºð=bȤ·]Àº 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£
zfªU¿¶>ª*ÍÉ·Â>QÍJɺL>ºÍ£ÉEį¿¢kɶÆL>ºÀºÆ (ĶÍRU
į¿¢kɶÆLÇÀº¬qÆÆ(Í£ÉEį¿¢ÁdzIÁ?¼·jº¸²Î·¢
b®Æ *¦ kɶ Í«É·^·¶ ×C ÁdzI × Í£ÉF¶=Æ *ÍÉ·Â>Q ÍJɺ L>º ľ@E Í£ÉE
GQÇÈÆ(Í«É·Í£ÉEį¿¢ÁdzIÁ?¼·jº¸²Î·¢¹Çif¶=GQÆ?
Ë?(¼·jº¸²°¿¢Í£ÉEaÇQÆÇÂGQ=Ƕ>ª*Í«É·=¼·jº¸²¤È>FÈÁ?
ÇÂÍ«É·=aÇQǪ *ÅaÇQÇEÍ£ÉE¼·jº¸²°¿¢°VJjÈÍ«É·]aÇQÆ
=dÆ(¤È>FȽ?¸£«¶>E¤È>EÐ=Çi(Í£ÉE¼·jº¸²°¿¢bQÇÈËd¶=
Á?HÇQÆη¢ðØɶakɶÆ(Í«É·=Gr¾HÇQÆη¢ðØɶaOÈb=Á>²
Í£ÉEÀº¼·j=°¿¢Ç·]ǹÇif¶=ÄäºcËd¶=ÁÙ(Í«É·=afª¸²¤È>FÈ
ÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢Tf¢Ù=À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ *Í£ÉF¶=½b¢½dÈÆ(LÇÎJU
¼·jºÏÆeÆ*ÄEίäJàÈÆÄÑ=eÆÀº¸ßI>¯àÈÍ¿àQ½>ºÝ=>C 6¹>®U¿¶=À¢
¿¶=À¢PbÄJ£»jª¿ikÌfÈfÂ>E?Lb¢>®6¹>®½g>UÊE?À¢
-0
(¾Ä«·]¾´·Â>»·²(Ð>ÉF¾Ù=¼ÃiÇjI¸ÉÑ=fiCÇ¿EK¾>² 6¹>® U
Í£ÉFE=Ǫ6¹>® ; >¾fº@I>»ª6=Ƕ>®(fN³JªÐ>«·]ÁdzJiÆ (Ëb£E¾×ľCÆ
ÀE=À¢Æ *¼Â>¢i=>»¢¼Ã·Ñ>i=ÁDª¼Ã¯U¼ÂÇì¢?Æ(¹ÆÙ>ª¹ÆÙ=
ľDª (ÄÉ·¢rÉ·ªð>ÒÉmź?ÀºÅf²Àº 6¹>® U=¹ÇieÀ¢l>F¢
ÍJɺ L>º ×C ÄÉ·¢ L>»ª ð=m Á>ì·j¶= Àº Tf] l>¿¶= Àº bU? kɶ
Ê·Éi ľ@E ¹Çif¶= Àº e>F]C >Ãɪ OÈa>UÙ= Ådê *¼·jº Å=Æe ÍÉ·Â>Q
¹Çif¶=¬qǪ *ÍÈ>®ÆË?Í¿àQľ@EÍ«É·^·¶¬qÆ>ÃɪÆ(Ì×Æ»·j=
Àºe>F]Ý=ÁÙ(G·{Çê½>ºÝ=aÇQÆbÑ=ǪÀ¢e>F]CÇÂÍ¿Q½>ºÝ=Á@E
Á>²ÁCÆ(ÊþË?(µfIG·{Çê½d¶=À»vJÈÁ>²ÁC¹Çif¶=ÀºÆ=
Ä·£ª η¢ GIÈ HÇ·ì= ¸£«¶= Á>² ÁDª (¸£ª G·{ Çê \b= À»vJÈ
G·ì¶= ´¶c Á>² (Ä£ÉÉvI IJfI η¢ GIÈ Æ? (Ê¢fn¶= ¼³= ͺ>®C
(Ð>«·=¼Â»·j=ÁÇiÇjÈÀÈd¶=Á?ð>vÈ?OÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÆ *>ðºg>Q
=dÂÆ(Á>ì·j¶=Àº¼·j=TfÁ?¼Èf>ÃɪÆ(¼ÃJº>®CG·{£ÈÇÂÆ
¹Çif¶= Á? η¢ *GQ=Æ fº? Ķ >ð»³U Ë? (ð>¾>ì·i ¼·j= ͺ>®C Á? £È
ð=fº? £È=dÂÆ(¼ÃJªØ]¼Ã¢g>¿ÈÀº¹>J¯EÆ(Ð>«·=Í¢>ìEfº? U
¼·jºÏÆeb¯ª *Ä¢g>¿ÈÀº¸²¹>J¯EÄJªØ]η¢Íª>=Æ(Í«É·]ͺ>®DE
ÁCÄ£ìÉ·ªÄF·®ÌfÆÅbÈͯ«qÅ>ì¢@ªð>º>ºC¤È>EÀºÆ 6¹>® U¿¶=Á?
fº?½>ºÝ=Í¢>ìEfºÙ>ª*f]Û=°¿¢=ÇEfu>ªÄ¢g>¿Èf]AÐ>QÁDª(¥>ìJi=
Í«É·] Åa>C ½=Æa ½h= η¢ Í¿Èf® Ä¢g>¿È Àº ¹>J¯E fºÙ=Æ (ÄJº>®DE
*=ðbU=Æ
½Æh¶ η¢ =Ç£? ¼ÃÉ·¢ = Á=Çue ¼Ã¾Dª ÍE>Vr¶= ¥>C >º?Æ
(f³EÊEÙÍ«É·]ͺ>®Cη¢=Ç£?Æ(ÄIǺb£EU=¹Çif¶Í«É·]ͺ>®C
-1
ÍE>Vr¶=¥>Cbɲ@IfÃb®Æ *¼Ã¿º¸²Ì>ªÆb£EÁ>»N£¶¼M(f»£¶¼M
¼>§Jm=ÆÄI>ªÆG¯¢ U=¹ÇieÀªa¼Â]@IÀºÍ«É·]ͺ>®Cη¢
GÀºÎ·¢½fÆ(zfªÄI>ªÆG¯¢KÉ=ÀªaÁ?¤º(Ķͫɷ]Gr¿E
*Ä¿ªa ¼JÈ ÎJU Ŧ ÐÊm ¹>§Jm×= Ä¿ªaÆ ÅhÉà ¹>§Jm×= ¼ÃÉ·¢
¼j®¸§Jm=Ä¿ªaƹÇif¶=hÉù>§Jm×=¼ÃÉ·¢GÀÈd¶=ÍE>Vr¶=Æ
À¢¼Ã¿º¼j®K³iÆ(¹Çif¶=ÀªbE¹>§Jm×=À¢Í«É·=Gr¿E¼Ã¿º
(e>³¾Ý= η¢ ¼ÃIeb® ¤º J·É¶ Àªb¶= ]@I =Dze>mÆ (¹>§Jm×= =dÂ
À¢Í«É·=Gr¿E¹>§Jm×=η¢ð>¢>C´¶cÁ>³ª(Àªb¶=η¢¼ÃIeb®Æ
Àªa Àº GQÆ? Í«É·= Gr¾ Á>² =cC ×ò C ´¶c ÁÇ³È ×Æ (KÉ= Àªa
HÇQÆ Î·¢ ¼ÃI>ÉU ½>È? ¹=Ç{ =Ç£? ¼Ã·² ÍE>Vr¶= ÁDª >ðvÈ?Æ *KÉ=
¼Ã¾Dª Í«É·]G^J¿ÈËd¶=s^n¶=η¢¼ÃªØJ]=¤ºÆ(Í«É·=Gr¾
Ë?Ì>ªÆb¿¢×Æ(=¹ÇieÌ>ªÆb¿¢×(Í«É·]ͺ>®Cη¢ð>¯·ìº=Ç«·J
η¢ð>ÈÇ®Æð>fqðØɶaÍE>Vr¶=¥>CÁ>³ª(ÀÈbm=f¶=Ð>«·=ÀºÍ«É·]
*Í«É·=Gr¾HÇQÆ
>ɾb¶=Ì>É=ÁÆÖm¤É¥fn¶=½>³U?dÉ«¿IÆÀÈb¶=ͺ>®CÁ?η¢
×Æ (Ͷ×b¶= ʣ쯶= LÇFN¶= ʣ쯶= ¸É¶b¶>E »·j= η¢ zfª Ïf]Ù=Æ
¼JÈ × >º% 6ÍÉ¢fn¶= Ìb¢>¯¶=Æ *Á>ì·i Ëc ¼²>} ×ò C ´¶c ¼JÈ Á? À³
*>ðvÈ?ÍÃ=ÅdÂÀºð>ufªÍ«É·=Gr¾Á>³ª$GQ=ÆÇêÄEò×CGQ=Ƕ=
¼Ã¿º»·j=η¢Á>ì·j¶=Ƽ³=ͺ>®CÁ@EÍfqͶaÙ=Ådê
η¢ zfª Á>ì·j¶=Æ ¼³= Ç ÇJÈ Í«É·] ͺ>®C Á@E ÍfqÆ (zfª
f¾=*Á>ì·iƼ³Uaf
×(¥fn¶=½>³U?dÉ«¿I¸Q?Àº´¶cÆ»·j=
ÀÈd¶=¼³J»Ñ?e>É] 6´¶>ºÀEÇ¢°Èf{À¢¼·jºÏÆe>»ÉªUĶǮ
-2
ÀÈd¶= ¼³J»Ñ? e=fmÆ (¼ÃÉ·¢ ÁÇò·ràIÆ ¼³É·¢ ÁÇò·rÈÆ (¼³¾ÇFÆ ¼Ã¾ÇF
¼ÂdE>¿¾Øª?=¹Çie>È6¸É®(¼³¾Ç¿£·ÈƼþǿ£·IÆ(¼³¾Çv§FÈƼþÇv§FI
ð>ÒÉm ¼³I×Æ Àº ¼JÈ?e =cCÆ (ÌØr¶= ¼³Éª =Ǻ>®? >º (× 6¹>¯ª ; ¬Éj¶>E
e>F]Ý=XÈfqÇê *Í¢>{Àºð=bÈ=Ç¢h[¿I×ÆÄ·»¢=ÇÂf²>ªÄ¾ÇÂf³I
=Ǻ>®?>º¬Éj¶>E¼ÃIdE>¿º¼ÈfVJEXÈfqÆ(e=fmÙ=Í»ÑÙ=Æe>É]Ù=Í»ÑÙ>E
ͺ>®C Ádzª *ÄE ¼³=Æ ÀÈb¶= ͺ>®C À¢ ÍÈ>¿² ÌØr¶= ͺ>®C ÁÙ (ÀÈb¶=
× fº? »·j= η¢ >ðufª ÄIÇ¢a ¸»Æ (½ØiÝ= ½>³U? ¼É¯É¶ Í«É·=
>ºÍÃQÀºð>ufªÄ¾Ç²±Çª(ÍVÉVr¶=¥fn¶=tÇr¾ÄIÇFMÍÃFm
ÍÈ>ƽØiÝ=¼³Uͺ>®CÀº»·j=η¢=ÄufªËd¶=zf«¶=Ä»J
¼Ãv£Eĺ>®?ÁDª(ÍÈ>«³¶=η¢zfªÇÂzf«¶==dÂÁ?ò×C*»·j=ÍvÉE
ĻɯÈÁ?¤ìJjÈÁCÆ(zf«¶==d®>F¶=À¢¯iÆ(àzf«¶=båQÆà b¯ª
(»·j=¤Éη¢ð>ufªÎ¯FÈľDª(ĻɯI¶=¹>»¢Ù>E=Ǻ>®Ç¶Æ(¼Ãv£E
*Í«É·]§EÁÇ»·j=½=a>º¼·jºË?À¢zf«¶=¯jÈ×Æ
>þÙÊq>£=²?ÀºÍÉr£º»·j»·¶Í«É·]ͺ>®CÀ¢aÇ£¯¶=Æ
½>³U?ͺ>®CÄÉ·¢¬®ÇJÈÆ(½ØiÝ=zÆfª¼Â?Àºzf«E½>ɯ¶=À¢aÇ£®
ð>£É ÁÇ»·j>ª *Ì>É= µ£º ½ØiÝ= aÇQÆ ÄÉ·¢ ¬®ÇJÈ ¸E (ÀÈb¶=
=dÂη¢=Ç£?ÁDª*»·j»·¶Í«É·]ͺ>®CÀ¢¼ÂaÇ£®ð=F²ð>CÁÇA
x£E½>®ÁCÆ*ÌeÇ»£=e>ì®?¤É¼Ã¿ºafª¸²Î·¢¼MÝ=Á>²aÇ£¯¶=
À¢¯jȼMÝ=ÁDªf]Û=¼Ãv£E¼¯ÈÆ(Í«É·]ͺ>®Ý¸»£¶>E»·j=
*Í«É·=½Ç¯ÈÎJU¼ÃÉ·¢zf«¶=ίFÈÆ(Í«É·=ͺ>®ÝÁÇ·»£È=Ǻ>®ÀÈd¶=
η¢Æ(ÄJ®ÆÀ¢ÄJº>®C]@Iη¢¼MÝ=¯jàÈzf«¶=ͺ>®DE¹>§Jm×=ÁÙ
*ÄE½>ɯ¶=g>CÀ¢ÅfïÈ>ÄÂ=f³Ji×Æ(ÄE½>ɯ¶>EÄjF·J¶(ÄE½>ɯ¶=½b¢
-3
Àº ½>È? ÍMØM b£E ¼MÝ= ÁDª zf«¶= ͺ>®Ý ¸»£¶>E =ÇjF·JÈ ÀÈd¶= >º?
¼ÃÉ·¢GQÆ?b®=ÁÙ(¼ÃÉ·¢Î¯FÈÍ«É·=Gr¾½ÇÈCÍ«É·=H>Âc
(ĻɯI Á? >þ@m Àº ¶= ¹>»¢Ù>E =ÇjF·JÈ Æ (ÄE =ÇºÇ¯È Æ (ð>ufª
*Ìf]Û=Æ >ɾb¶= ÄÈh]Æ = H=d¢ =ǯVJi>ª (¼MÝ= =ǯVJi= ´¶d¶Æ
Àº¶=¹>»¢Ù=À¢Æ?(Í«É·]ͺ>®CÀ¢¼ÂaÇ£®Î·¢¼MÝ=¼Ã®>¯VJi=Æ
Ë?IJfIη¢H=d£¶=¼·j=±>¯VJi=XÈfqfÂ>(ĻɯIÁ?>þ@m
d«¿I ÄE Ëd¶= zf«¶= >»Éi × (ÄÉ·¢ = >Ãufª ¶= zÆf«¶= Àº zfª
Ê = Í»·² XFrIÆ (½ØiÝ= fº? Ç·£ÈÆ (ÀÈb¶= ½>³U? ½>¯IÆ (zÆf«¶=
*>£¶=Ð>?fÑ>iÆ(½ØiÝ=aØE>É·£¶=
ÀºÆ (l>¿¶= À¢ Ͷh£¶= Àº OÈa>UÙ= x£E aeÆ >º >º?Æ
η¢ðØɶaX·rI×>þDª(ÄJq>]ÀÈb¶=eǺ@E´j»J¶=η¢e>rJ®×=
*aÇ£¯¶= =d À¢ ¼MÝ= >¯iC η¢ ×Æ (Í«É·] ͺ>®C À¢ aÇ£¯¶= g=ÇQ
aÇ£¯¶>EsÉ]¶=Á@m×(ÀÈb¶>E´j»J¶=Á@m>Âb>Ãɪ°®b=Æ
= bÉF¢ ÀE fjE À¢ Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆe Ø ð N»ª *»·j»·¶ Í«É·] ͺ>®C À¢
6¹Ç¯È Á>»É¶= ÀE Í«ÈdU ¤ ľ? ʾ×Ç= kÈeaC >E? ¤ ľ? ʺfv=
Á?ͪ>fn¶=À¢Ä¶@i?K¿²Æ=À¢ U=¹ÇieÁǶ@jÈl>¿¶=Á>²
(==dÃE=>¾Ð>Rª (fmÆÍÉ·Â>Q>¿²>¾C=¹Çie>È6K·¯ª(²ebÈ
; ]Àºfn¶=´¶cb£E¸ÂÆ6K·®(¼£¾6¹>® ; fmÀº==dÂb£E¸Ãª
f£I (ÊÈb§EÁÆbÃßȽǮ6¹>® ; Ä¿]a>ºÆ6K·®(Àß]ßaÄɪÆ(¼£¾6¹>®
H=ÇE?η¢ñÌ>¢a(¼£¾6¹>® ; fmÀº=´¶cb£E¸Ãª6K·®(f³¿IƼÿº
¼Â6¹>®(>¿¶¼Ã«q=¹Çie>È6K·®(>ÃɪÅǪd®>ÃɶC¼ÃE>Q?Àº¼¿ÃQ
6¹>® ; ´¶c ²ea? ÁC ʾfº@I >»ª 6K·® (>¿J¿j¶@E ÁÇ»·³JÈÆ (>¿Ib·Q Àº
-4
6¹>® (½>ºC ×Æ Í¢> ¼ À³È ÁDª 6K·® (¼Ãº>ºCÆ »·j= Í¢> ½h·I
LÇ= ´²ebÈ ÎJU ÌfRm ¸q@E x ä ߣßI Á? Ç¶Æ (>÷² ±f«¶= ´·I ¹hJ¢>ª
Á@E ¼·j= fº@È ¹Çif¶= Á@E XÈfq OÈb= =d ÁDª *´¶c η¢ K¾?Æ
H=ÇE?η¢¼ÂÀÈd¶=Ì>¢b¶=µÈÆ(¼Ãº>ºC½h·ÈÁ?Æ(»·j=Í¢>½h·È
Í¢>¼×Æ(½>ºC»·j»·¶ÁdzÈ×Á?Ͷ>U¸Ñ>j¶=Ķ@jª *¼¿ÃQ
Á?¹Çif¶=Åfº?dÒ¿ÉVª(¼¿ÃQH=ÇE?η¢ÀÈd¶=Ì>¢b·¶ÍFj¿¶>E¤¿rÈ=c>º
Åfº@ª *½>ºCͺ>®CÀ¢b£¯ÈÁ?×Æ»·j=¹hJ£ÈÁ?×(±f«¶=Åd¹hJ£È
C±f«¶=´·J¶Ä¶=hJ¢=¬qƨ¶>EÆ >÷²±f«¶=´·I¹hJ¢>ª XÈfq
IJebÈÎJUÌfRm¸q?η¢x£ÈÁ?bUCĶ=hJ¢=¨·EǶÆľ?ÍQea
´j Å>¿£ºÆ *¼¿ÃQ H=ÇE? η¢ ¶= ±f«¶= ´·I µfI η¢ ÇÂÆ LÇ=
OÈb==dê *¼¿ÃQH=ÇE?η¢ÀÈd¶=·v=Ì>¢b¶=À¢b£F¶>EÆ(´¿ÈbE
sÉ]fI Ë? ×Æ (Í«É·] ͺ>®Ý ¸»£¶>E ½>ɯ¶= µ¶ ed¢ Ë? Äɪ kɶ
η¢ÀÈd¶=Ì>¢b¶=¹=hJ¢=Æ(ÀÈb¶>E´j»J¶>EfºÙ>EeÇrÇÂ>CÆ(´¶c
Á@EeǺ@ºÇê *Í«É·]ͺ>®Ý¸»£È=cCÄÉ·¢¼MÝ=ίFÈÆ(¼¿ÃQH=ÇE?
¸q?η¢x¢Ç¶Æ¹Øv¶=Ì>¢aÀºÄ¿ÈbE¼·jɶ(Ͷ>v¶=±f«¶=À¢b£JFÈ
(ÀÈb¶= ½>³U@E ½>ɯ¶= À¢ b£¯ÈÆ »·j= Í¢> À¢ b£JFÈ Á? × (ÌfRm
*»·j»·¶½>ºCͺ>®CÀ¢Æ
6¹>®Ä¾?Ä¿¢=ÊueËeb=bÉ£iÊE?À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeðØNºÆ
¬£m>ÃE¤FJȼ¿¦¼·j=¹>º]ÁdzÈÁ?´mÇÈ 6 U=¹Çie¹>®
Í¢> ¹=hJ¢= £È × =d ÁDª «¶= Àº Ä¿ÈbE f«È fïìí̄¶= ¤®=ÇºÆ ¹>F=
»·j»·¶ Í«É·] ͺ>®C À¢Æ (ÀÈb¶= ½>³U@E ½>ɯ¶= À¢ aÇ£¯¶=Æ (»·j=
¼·j=¹>º]Á>ÉEÇÂÄɪ>º¸²¸E(ͪØ[=ÀºzeÙ=Ç·U
-5
b£F¶=η¢OV·¶ÇÂkɶÆ(«¶=ÀºHÆf÷¶Ä·£«È>º]Æ(«¶=½>È?
*l>¿¶=¹=hJ¢=Æ»·j=À¢
À¢ aÇ£¯¶=zeÙ=ÄQÆη¢ ¼·jed¢bQÇÈ× Ä¾DªÄÉ·¢Æ
Í«É·] ͺ>®Ý ¸»£¶= ÇÂÆ ×? ÀÈb¶= ͺ>®Ý ¼ÃÉ·¢ = Äufª > ½>ɯ¶=
¼É¯È Àº >Ãɪ bQÇÈ × UÆ (ͪØ[= Àº zeÙ= Ç· U »·j»·¶
Í¢>¸¤»Æ(ÀÈb¶=½>³U?¼É¯ÈÀº×Æ(=L>ºfU «=aÆbU
ÍÈ?½ØiÝ=bQÇI×Æ*=¹Çieb»=ò×CĶC×ÍÈ=eK»·j=
*ÄE½>¯àÈÎJUzf«¶==dÃE½>ɯ¶=À¢aÇ£¯¶=Ír]e
.,
Í«É·]ͺ>®ÝÁÇ»·j=>Ãɪ¸Ã¶=Ìb=
(>Ãɶ>É·E½>È?ÍMØMÊÂÍ«É·]ͺ>®ÝÁÇ»·j=>Ãɪ¸Ã¶=Ìb=Æ
b=η¢?bÈb>º?*Í£ÉEį¿¢kɶƹ>ɶPØMKÉFÈÁ?¼·j¸Øª
Í«É·=>ÃɪΪÇJȶ=ÍV·¶=d¿ºzfªÍ«É·=Gr¾ÁÚª ¹>ɶPØNE
½>È?ÍMØMÌbºÄE¹>§Jm×=¤ºGr¿¶=]@IgÇÀ³¶Æ(¹h£ÈÆ?°E>j¶=
ÁÇ»·j=Á>²ÁDª(f¿ÈÍ«É·]=ǻɯÈƹ>ɶPØMη¢a=g=cDª(>Ãɶ>É·E
eǺ٠¹>ɶPØM¹Ø]ÄJº>®Cg>C=Ç£ÉìJjÈÆ(Í«É·]ͺ>®DE¶Ç§nº
(zf«¶=ͺ>®DE¼>§n¾×¼Ã¿¢¼MÝ=¯jÈľDª(>ãªbE¼¸F®×ÌfÂ>®
º?À¢¤ªàe 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¹>®*ÄÉ·¢¼Âfî>]@J¶=η¢¼ÃÂ=f³Ji×Æ
=ǾdzÈÁCÆ(F³¶=ʾ=ì¶=Å=ÆeÄÉ·¢=ÇÂf³àJi=>ºÆÁ>Éj¿¶=Æ@ì=
¯jÈ dÒ¿ÉUÆ (Í«É·= ½Ç¯È ÎJU >ð£É ÁÇ@È ¼Ã¾Dª ´¶dE ¶Ç§nº
׾DªÍ«É·]ͺ>®CÀ¢¼ÂaÇ£®ÅÇF³Ie=Ëd¶=¼MÝ=>º? *¼Ã¿¢zf«¶=
ÍÉr£ºÍÈ?η¢ÄJFi>V»²ÄÉ·¢=¼ÃFi>¼ÃÉ·¢Î¯FȸE¼Ã¿¢¯jÈ
*zf«¶>E½>ɯ¶=µfI¼·j=>ÃF³IfÈ
Ç·] afR Í«É·= Í£ÉE ¹>§Jm×= Ìfm>Fº HÇQÆ ¸É¶a >º?
b£EÌb¢>iEͫɯi´¶c=Æfm>Eb®ÍE>Vr¶=Á?Çê(ͪØ[=Gr¿º
Í£ÉEf³EÊE?Í£ÉEKb®ÆUÄ¿ªa¸F®ÆÄj«¾½Çɶ=U¹Çif¶=Ì>ªÆ
Í£ÉF¶bRj=l>¿¶==ǣʾ>N¶=½Çɶ=¼M(´¶d²Äj«¾½Çɶ=a>¯£¾=
*Í¢>ì¶=Í£ÉEf³EÊE?
½>È?ÍMØMÍ«É·=Gr¿¶ÁÇ»·j=>Ãɪ¸ÃÌbºÎr®?ÁDz>º?
Àº ÄI>ªÆ °¯ eÇà b¿¢ ÏeÇn¶= ¸ÂÙ bâ f»¢ ÁÙ ´¶dª >Ãɶ>É·E
.-
ÍMØMÍ«É·=η¢°«JàÈ=cCľ?ÎqÆ?¼M(½>È?ÍMØM¼abUÆ(Í¿£ì¶=
»·j= Àº Øð Qe j ¸²ÆÆ (ÍMØN¶= ½>ÈÙ= b£E ¬¶>^= ¸J¯É·ª ½>È?
e>F² ÀºÆ (ÏeÇn¶= ¸Â? Àº ¼Ã¾? ¤º (¬¶>^= ¸J¯E Ë? (´¶c dÉ«¿JE
¼Ã¿¢ ¸¯¿È Æ (ÍE>Vr¶= Àº ¤»jºÆ Ï?fº η¢ ´¶c Á>²Æ (ÍE>Vr¶=
Ç·Á?gÇ׾?η¢ÍE>Vr¶=Àºð>¢>CÁ>³ª(´¶cf³¿ºÆ?(¬¶>
¸É¶a ÍE>Vr¶= ¥>CÆ (>Ãɶ>É·E ½>È? ÍMØM Àº fN²? Í«É·] Àº ÁÇ»·j=
6¹>®ÍºfÀEeÇájå =°Èf{ÀºËe>^F¶=Tf]?(Í¿j¶=ÆH>J³¶>²Ê¢fm
(K¯ÉJi= ÎJU H>F¶= Hfvª (¸É·¶= Àº ¤R b£E Àf¶= bF¢ ®f{
(¹>ɶPØMË?½Ç¾N³EPØN¶=ÅdÂK·VJ²=>º=Ǫ(ð>»Ñ>¾µ=e?6¹>¯ª
*Á>»N¢Í£ÉEKXFr¶=ηq>»·ª
..
ͪØ[=a>¯£¾=
Í¢>ì¶=°UĶÀÍ¢>ì¶>EÍ£ÉE>þÙ(e>ÉJ]=ÆÌ>u=fºb¯¢ÍªØ[=
*Ķ£È>F=>ueÆ(>Â×ÇJɶ¤ßÈ>ßFÈàÀº>ueÀº>ÃɪbEت*fºÙ=ÍÈ×ÆÀº
ÄÂ=f²CgÇ× ÍªØ[=Àº¤¿Jº=Æ(Í«É·]ÁdzÈÁ?bU?xªe=cC´¶d¶Æ
d]?gÇ×´¶d²Æ *ŦCÄ¿¢¹ßbá£Èà¸E(>ÇF®Î·¢Øª(>ÃÉ·¢
>Ãɪ b¯£¶= e>FJ¢= XrÈ × dÒ¿ÉU ľ٠(Å=f²Ý=Æ e>FQÝ>E l>¿¶= Àº Í£ÉF¶=
×ÆÅ=f²CÄ·]bÈ×(e>ÉJ]=ÆÌ>u=fºb¯¢>þÙ(>e>FQÝ=Ì>ª>¿(ð>VÉVq
b¯ª¼ÃJ£ÉFEbJ£ÈÀÍ£ÉF¶=b¯¢=cCľ?×C*aǯ£¶=Àºb¯¢Ë@²(e>FQC
Í£ÉF¶=XFrIÆ *ÄJ¢>{KFQǪ(fºÙ=ʶÆǤßÈ>F=XFq?Æ(Í£ÉF¶=Lb¯£¾=
Á? ĶgÇdÒ¿ÉUÆ *ͪØ[=b¯£¶Í£ÉEKjɶÆ(Í¢>ì¶=η¢Í£ÉEĶ
(ð>¢fm GQ=Æ =dÂÆ (ÄJ¢>{ η¢ e>FQC >þ٠(ÄJ£ÉE η¢ ®>F¶= l>¿¶=
Äɪ XrÈ × ¹>¯È ÎJU ͪØ[>E Í£ÉE b¯¢ ¹>= Åd Ê KjɶÆ
>º? *e>ÉJ]×=Æ>uf¶>E×CXrI×b¯¢Ð=bJE=Í£ÉF¶>ª´¶cη¢Æ *e>FQÝ=
>ÃɪgÇÆ(Í«É·=fºÙð=a>ɯ¾=Ë?(Í¢>{XFrJªÍ«É·^·¶Í£ÉF¶=a>¯£¾=b£E
×C ¼JI × >þDª =ðb¯¢ ͪØ[= K¾>² >Æ *>£I = fºÙ =ðdÉ«¿I e>FQÝ=
×Ìe>ºÝ=Æ *Ð>v¯¶=bU?Å×Æ=cC×Cð>Éu>®Ðf=ÁÇ³È ×Ð>v¯¶>²(b®>£E
×CÍ«É·]bU?ÁdzÈ×ͪØ=Æ(Ìe>ºÝ=bU?Å×Æ=cC×Cð=º?bU?ÁdzÈ
Å×Æ=cC×CÍ«É·]bU?ÁdzÈ׾?FJÈ>¿ÂÀºÆ *ͪØ[=bU?Å×Æ=cC
=d¼JÈ×Æ(Ķ>Âb¯¢=cC×C ͪØ[=L>ÉUØq´·×Æ(ÁÇ»·j=
ʾ>N¶=Æ (> HÇ·ì=Æ ÍªØ[= G¶>{ >»ÂbU? ÀÈb®>¢ Àº ×C b¯£¶=
a>¯£¾× bE× Á>² =dÆ *¼ Í«É·] ÁÇ³È Á? ÄE =Çue ÀÈd¶= ÁÇ»·j=
./
η¢ ÇJi=Æ ·jJº ½>® =cC ľDª =d η¢Æ *»·j= Í£ÉE Àº ͪØ[=
(»·j»·¶Í«É·]Äj«¾ À·¢?ǶÆ(Í«É·]´¶dEXFrÈ׾DªÌǯ¶>E¼³=
Å=f²Ý>El>¿¶=η¢Í£ÉF¶=d]?ǶÆ*»·j=¸F®ÀºÍªØ]Ķb¯£¿IľÙ
(J£I×e>FQÝ=ÆÅ=f²Ý>EÍ£ÉF¶=ÁÙ(¤ÈÇEǶÆÍ«É·]XFrÈ×e>FQÝ=Æ
(e>FQÝ=ÆÅ=f²Ý>E¼JI×e>ÉJ]=ÆÌ>u=fºb¯¢>þÙ(ͪØ[=>ÃEb¯£¿I×Æ
Á?¥>ìJi==cC·jJ==dÂÁ?×C *e>ÉJ]=Æ>ueÀ¢Í£ÉF¶>E ×Cb¯£¿Iت
¼J ¥fn¶= ½>³U? ͺ>®C Á?Æ (ÄJ£ÉE »·j= ÍV·rº Á@E l>¿¶= ¤¿¯È
Í«É·]XFrÈľDª(e>ÉJ]=Æ>ueÀ¢ÅÇ£È>E¼M(=ÇueÆ´¶dE=Ç£¿®Æ(ÄJ£ÉE
Ð=bJE=Á>ì·j¶=d]?Á>²Ç¶Æ(e>ÉJ]=Æ>ueÀ¢>Ãɪ¤ÈÇE¶=ÍV·¶=d¿º
>ueÀ¢>ÇrUÁdzÈÁ?Æ(Í£ÉF¶=¹ÇrUÇÂfn¶>ª *Ìǯ¶=Æ·jJ¶>E
*À³È½?(Á>ì·j¶=Ƽ²>=ÇÂÍ£ÉF¶=ĶK·rUÀºÁ>²Ð=Çi(e>ÉJ]=Æ
Àº ¼Ã«È ´¶c ÁDª ¼ÃJ£ÉFE ͪØ[= b¯£¿I ÀÈd¶= ¼Â Àº >º?
Ê«ª*ÍE>Vr¶=ÄÉ·¢¤?>ºÆ(ÀÈbm=f¶=Ð>«·=Í£ÉE¸rU>ºz=f£Ji=
Í¿Èb==Ǿ>²ÀÈd¶=»·j=Àºb¯£¶=Ƹí=¸Â@EÊ«J²=f³EÊE?Í£ÉE
¸E(Hf£¶=ÌfÈhQfÑ>iÆͳº»·j=Ë?ed]ÖÈÆ(>ÂbUÆ
ÀEÀf¶=bF¢ÁDªÁ>»N¢Í£ÉE>º? *f»¢Í£ÉE¹>=´¶d²Æ *=Ƕ@jàÈ
b¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?¹=Öiη¢frJ¯ÈÆ(Í¿Èb=»·j=Ë?ed]?Ç¢
¸Â?fN²?Í£ÉFEÊ«J²=Ê·¢bÃ¢Æ *f»¢XÉmfIb¿¢f³EÇE?¸£ª>»²
ÀÈd¶= b¿¢ ÎJU ÄJ£ÉE LJ¢=Æ (Í£ÉF¶>E Ç afª?Æ (ͪdz¶= ¸Â?Æ (Í¿Èb=
=ÇF¶>{>CÆ(ÄJ£ÉEη¢=Çu£ÈÆ(Ŧ=Ç£È>FȼþDª(ÅÇEe>UÆÅÇ«¶>]
ÄÉ·£ª(ð=fº?Í«É·=η¢=Ç»¯¾ÀÈd¶=Ì>§F¶=¼³U¼Ã»³UÁ>³ª*Á>»N¢½bE
*Ïf]?ͪØ]=Ǿëdzí ÈàÆ(¼Ã·I>¯ÈƼÄVuÇÈÁ?
.0
Í»q>£¶= ¸Â? fN²? Àº Í«É·= Í£ÉE Ë? ) ´¶c ¸² ¸rU b®Æ
ͪdz¶=¸Â?µe>mUÊ·¢½>ºÝ=Í£È>Fº×C¼É¶>®Ù=Ê®>EÁÆa¯ª
¬¶> ´¶>¿Â À³È Æ (ÍE>Vr¶= Àº ¤»jºÆ Ï?fº η¢ ) ÄJ£È>Fº
¤ºÍ¿Èb=¸Â?fN²?η¢Í£ÉF¶=e>rJ®=OÉUÀº¸»£¶==df³¿º×Æ(´¶c
e>rJ®= =Æf³¿È À³¶Æ (Ķ>»¢? ¼Âe>³¾CÆ Í«É·= s^m ¼ÃJ«¶>
Á? η¢ ÍE>Vr¶= Àº >ð¢>C ´¶c Á>³ª (Í¿Èb= ¸Â? fN²? η¢ ÄJ£È>Fº
(b¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?ÁÙ(¼³= »·j=Ë?eÁÇ·NÀb¯£¿I ͪØ[=
¤É¼³=ͺîÙ=Ë?f¶·N»=ÍÈfN²?¼Â=Ǿ>²Í¿Èb=Á>³ifN²?Æ
*dÒ¿ÉUÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=Í£®e
·N»= fN²? Àº Í£ÉF¶= LfQ =cC b¯£¿I ͪØ[= ÁDª =d η¢Æ
H>^J¾=a=fÈËd¶=Í«É·=Í¢>{ K ÁÇ·]bÈÀÍɺØiÝ=ͺîÙ=fN²Ù
¼ÃJ£ÉEÁdzIÆ *ÀÈbm=f¶=Ð>«·=bâ¹>=ÏfQ>»²(ľ>³ºÍ«É·]
Í«É·^·¶ ͪØ[=a>¯£¾=b£EľDª¼Â=b¢Àº>º? *ͪØ[^·¶b¯¢Í£ÉEdÒ¿ÉU
*ͪØ[^·¶b¯¢Í£ÉE×(Í«É·^·¶a>ɯ¾=Í£ÉEË?(Í¢>{Í£ÉEÄJ£ÉEXFrI
*ľ>³ºÍ«É·]a>Ca=fÈÆ(¹h¢Æ?L>ºÍ«É·]´¶>¿ÂÁ>²=cC=dÂ
=ǻɯàÈÁ?»·j=η¢ð>ufªXFq?Æ(ð>¯·ìºÍ«É·]´¶>¿ÂÀ³È=cC>º?
ÊÂ>»²(>£¶=CÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b¶=¸Æ(¥fn¶=½>³U?dÉ«¿J¶¼Í«É·]
°ª=Ç=ÍÈfR -/0/Í¿i¹ÇF¿ìi=ÍɺØiÝ= ͪØ[=¹=Ægd¿º¹>=
ÍɺØiÝ=e>ì®Ù=Àºf쮸²ÁDª(=dÂ>¿ºÇÈÎJUÍÈaØɺ -5.0Í¿i
=cDª *ͪØ[=ÄEb¯£¿IÆ(Í«É·]¤È>FÈÁÙ¸Â?ʺØiÝ=>£¶=ÌaÇQÇ=
ľDª(Ķ ͪØ[=Lb¯£¾=Æ(Í«É·]ÍɺØiÝ=e>ì®Ù=ÅdÂÀº>ºf쮤È>E
Á? b£E a>ɯ¾= Í£ÉE Ë? (Í¢>{ Í£ÉE ÅÇ£È>FÈ Á? »·j= η¢ >ðufª XFrÈ
.1
Æ?fr»²ð=F²f쯶==dÂÁ>²?Ð=Çi(Åf쮸Â?Í£ÉFEĶͪØ[=Lb¯£¾=
Á?fmη¢Á>¿F¶Æ?>ɾ>F¶?Æ?ÁaeÙ>²ð=§qÁ>²½?(>ÉjɾÆb¾?Æ?>ɲfI
6eǺ?Í£Ee?ÄɪfªÇJI
C b¿JjÈ >ðÉI=c >ð¾>ì·i f쯶= ´¶c Á>ì·i ÁÇ³È Á? 6>ÂbU?
*fª>²cÇ«¾Æ?(Ìfª>²Í¶ÆaC×(¼ÂbUÆ»·j=
×(½ØiÝ=Á>º@Ef쯶=´¶c»·j=Á>º?ÁdzÈÁ?6>Ãɾ>M
ÌÇ®Àº½ØiCÍÈ>Te>=Ƹ]=b¶=ÀºÄJÈ>ÁdzIÁ?Ë?(f«³¶=Á>º@E
*ÍJ}ÍɺØiCÌÇ®>Âe>FJ¢>E»·j=
ð>ÉEد¾= >ð¯ÉFìI Ø
ð º>² ½ØiÝ= °ÉFìI Ìfm>F ×ð >U ?bFÈ Á? 6>ÃN¶>M
*ÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b¶=¸»}ð>jF·JºÁdzÈÁ?Æ(ðغ>m
(ͪØ[=a>¯£¾=ÆfmðØ»³Jjº¤ßÈ>F=Í«É·=ÁdzÈÁ?6>ãE=e
*a>¯£¾×=ÆfnEÌ£¶=ÁÙ(ÍÉ·vªÙ=Æfmð>ɪÇJjºÀ³ÈÁCÆ
ͪØ[=LbQÆb¯ªÍ£EeÙ=eǺÙ=ÅdÂf쯶=´¶cΪÇJi==cDª
¸Â?fN²?¸N×Á>²Ç¶Æ(ÅbUÆÄELb¯£¾=Æ(ÅbUÆf쯶=´¶cÍ£È>F
Ëd¶=Æ(ÍÈ>«²zfª ͪØ[=ͺ>®CÁÙ(ÍɺØiÝ=ͺîÙ=fN²Ùb¯£¶=Ƹ=
ÁÙÆ(zÆf«=ÐÊn¶>E½>®ÁdzÈXÉVr¶=ÄÃQÆη¢zf«¶=´¶dE½Ç¯È
a>Ca=fÈÌaÇQǺͪØ]´¶>¿ÂK¾>²=cCb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?fN²?=m=
ͪØ]´¶>¿ÂÀ³I=cC>º? *¹Æh£=Æ?ΪÇJ=Í«É·=Á>³º>Ãɪͫɷ]
b¯£¿I Ê¢fn¶= ÄQǶ= η¢ >ÂaÇQÆ af
ÁDª (ͪØ] a>C a=fÈÆ (ð>¯·ìº
ÀÈd¶=£È>F=ab¢Á>²>»Ãºa>¯£¾×=Æfm¸»³JjÈÍ«É·]Ë@EͪØ[=
½>ɯ¶=À¢ÁÇ»·j=çfr®zf«E½>ɮͶ@jºdÒ¿ÉUÁdzIͶ@j=ÁÙ*ÅÇ£È>E
Àº e>ÉJ]= ¼Ã¯ µfI =d ¼Âr¯Jª *½>È? ÍMØN¶= η¢ bÈhI Ìbº ÄE
.2
ͪØ[=Kº>®ÎJºÆ(ÄEͪØ[=a>¯£¾×Ê«³Èzf«¶>E½Ç¯ÈÀ»ª*ÁÆbÈfÈ
Ð=Çv¾×=ð>£É»·j=η¢ð>ufªXFrÈ(Í«É·Lb¯£¾=Æf쯶=´¶c
=dÂη¢GÆ*=b¿¢A=Ǿ>²×CÆ(Í«É·=Í£È>FºÆͪØ[=Ð=ǶK
GQÆÆ(Ì>§F¶=¼³U¼Ã»³UÁ>²=Ç£¿Jº=ÁDª(ÄJ£ÉF¶¼ÂÇ¢bÈÁ?Í«É·=
f]AÍ«É·¤ÈÇE=cCÆ *ÄJ¢>{K=Ç·]bÈÎJU¼ÃJEe>Í«É·=η¢
Ķ ͪØ[= a>¯£¾=Æ (¹ÆÙ= Í«É·= Í£ÉE b£E f]A fì® Æ? (f쯶= k«¾
ÍEe>»·j=η¢GQÆ(ͯE>j¶=Í£EeÙ=eǺÙ=ð>ɪÇJjºð>É¢fmð=a>¯£¾=
ÀE=bF¢°Èf{À¢¼·jºÏÆe>(¹ÆÙ=Í«É·=¤È>FàÈÎJUʾ>N¶=Í«É·=
ð>º>ºC ¤È>E ÀºÆ 6¹Ç¯È U = ¹Çie ¤ ľC 6¹>® t>£¶= ÀE Æf»¢
Ä¢g>¿È f]A Ð>Q ÁDª (¥>ìJi= ÁC Ä£ìÉ·ª ÄF·® ÌfÆ (ÅbÈ Í¯«q Å>ì¢@ª
ÍÈ=fE»·j=Í«É·]Ç»·j=¤»Ëd¶=ÁÙÆ f]Û= °¿¢ =ÇEfu>ª
½>»v¾×=ð>ufªXFrÈÆ(»·j=Í¢>LbQÆÍ«É·=bQÆ=cDª*½ØiÝ=
Ä¿¢=Êuel>F¢ÀE=À¢ >ðvÈ?¼·jºÏÆe *¼Ã¿¢TÆf=½fÆ(¼ÃɶC
±e>ª Àº ľDª (ÄÉ·¢ rÉ·ª ð>ÒÉm ź? Àº Ï?e Àº 6¹>® U ¿¶= À¢
À¢l>F¢ÀE=À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ*ÍÉ·Â>QÍJɺL>º×CL>»ªð=m Í¢>»=
Àº bU? kɶ ľDª (ÄÉ·¢ rÉ·ª ð>ÒÉm ź? Àº Åf² Àº 6¹>® U ¿¶=
½ÇëºÆ *ÍÉ·Â>QÍJɺL>º×CÄÉ·¢L>»ªð=mÁ>ì·j¶=ÀºTf]l>¿¶=
*Á>ì·j¶=½Æh¶ÆÍ¢>»=½Æh¶NÈb=ÀÈdÂ
η¢Í£ÉE>þÙ(¼ÃÉ·¢G×Æ(»·j=§¶Í£ÉF¶=°U×Æ
½ØiÝ>EÁ>Ý=ÊvJ¯IÊÂÆ( U=¹ÇieÍ¿iÆ=H>J²Î·¢Æ(½ØiÝ=
Á? ×Æ (¼³= =Ç¾Ç³È Á? gÇ × »·j= ¦Æ (Í¿j¶=Æ H>J³¶>EÆ
*Í£ÉF¶=¼¸×ľÙÆ(»·j=η¢¼¸ÉFi׾Ù(¼²>==ÇFå^Jß¿ßÈ
.3
Í£ÉF¶=
Á>²ðØQe¼·jº¸³¶°UÊÂÆ *>ð£É»·j=η¢zfªÍ£ÉF¶=
ÌØr¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç®>ÿºÌN²OÈa>U?ÄÉ·¢¸É¶b¶>ªð>ufª>þDz>º?*Ì?fº=Æ?
ÍJɺL>ºÍ£ÉEį¿¢kɶÆL>ºÀºÆ *** 6f»¢ÀE=Å=ÆeËd¶=½Øj¶=Æ
η¢ ¹bI Ê OÉU Àº Í£ÉF¶= ÁDª »·j»·¶ >ð¯U >þDz >º?Æ *ÍÉ·Â>Q
Í«É·= ¸ßF®å Àº KjÉ¶Æ (Í«É·^·¶ »·j= ¸ßF®å Àº Ê ͣÉF¶= ÁÙ (´¶c
Ê«ª *ÍVÉVr¶=OÈa>UÙ=¹Çif·¶»·j=Í£ÉEKJFMb®Æ *»·j»·¶
¤»j¶= η¢ U = ¹Çie >¿£È>E 6¹>® Kº>r¶= ÀE Ìa>F¢ À¢ Ëe>^F¶=
°>E¹Ç¯¾Æ?½Ç¯¾Á?Æ Ä·Â?fºÙ=¥g>¿¾×Á?ÆÅf³=Æn¿=Í¢>ì¶=Æ
Ír«UÀ¢HÇÈ?À¢Ëe>^F¶=Æ *¼Ñ×ͺǶ=>×>¿²>»NÉU
(ð>ÒÉm >E À²fnÈ × Á? >¿áɷߢ ?f¯ª U ¿¶= >¿£È>E 6K¶>® ÍÉì¢ ½? À¢
bÈe?>¾?Æ(Ib£i?;ت6K¶>¯ª>ÂbÈ>¿ºÌ?fº=KvF¯ª(ÍU>É¿¶=À¢>¾>þÆ
ÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢Ëe>^F¶=Æ *K£Qe¼MKFÂdª ð>ÒÉm¸¯È¼·ª(>ÃÈhQ=Á?
¼ÃɲhÈ×Æ(ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ=¼Ã»·³È×ÍMØM 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®
¸QeÆ(¸ÉFj¶=ÀE=Ä¿º¤¿°Èfì¶>EÐ>º¸vªÎ·¢¸Qe 6¼É¶?H=d¢¼Æ
¸QeÆ(Ķ¬È×CÆ(ĶΪÆbÈfÈ>ºÅ>ì¢?ÁCÅ>ɾb¶×CÄ£È>FÈ×ð>º>ºC¤È>E
Ä®brª=d²Æ=d²>ÃEÊì¢?b¯¶>E¬·Vªfr£¶=b£EÍ£·jEðØQe¤È>F È
>»Ã¿¢=Êuef»¢ÀE=bF¢À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ*>ÃE£àÈÆ>Âd]@ª
>»Éª >¿¶ ¹Ç¯È Í¢>ì¶=Æ ¤»j¶= η¢ U = ¹Çie >¿£È>E =cC >¿² 6¹>®
U¿¶=K£È>E 6¹>®=bF¢ÀEfÈfQÀ¢ð>vÈ?Ëe>^F¶=ÆK£ìJi=
ÏÆeÆ *¼·jº ¸³¶ Xr¿¶=Æ (K£ìJi= >»Éª ¿¯·ª Í¢>ì¶=Æ ¤»j¶= η¢
.4
ÇÂÆKº>r¶=ÀEÌa>F¢Î·¢>¿·]a 6¹>®Íɺ?ÊE?ÀEÌa>¿QÀ¢Ëe>^F¶=
6¹>®U¿¶=ÀºÄJ£ÄE=´£«¿ÈOÈb}PbU=´V·q?>¿·®xÈfº
Í¢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶=η¢ >¿£È>EÁ?>¿É·¢d]?>»Éª¹>¯ª *Å>¿£È>Fª U ¿¶=>¾>¢a
Ä·Â? fºÙ= ¥g>¿¾ × Á?Æ >¿É·¢ ðÌßfß[Mí?Æ >¾fjÈÆ >¾fj¢Æ >¿Âf³ºÆ >¿ìn¿º
*Á>ÂfEÄɪ=Àº¼²b¿¢ð>U=ÇEð=f«²=ÆfIÁ?×C6¹>®
(ÁÇ£È>FÈÀÈd¶=¼ÂÆ(¼Ã¯UÊÂÆ(»·j=bÉEÊÂÍ«É·Í£ÉF¶>ª
bɶ>EÍVª>rºÍ£ÉF¶=ÁdzIÆ *Í«É·^·¶b¯£¿I ͪØ[=¸£¶=ʼÃJ£ÉEÆ
OÉU f»¢ ÀE= LbÃm 6¹>® e>¿Èa ÀE = bF¢ PäbU b¯ª *ÍE>J² Æ?
=bF£¶Í¢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶>Eäf®î?ʾCGJ²6¹>®´·=bF¢Î·¢l>¿¶=¤»JQ=
Á?XrÈÆ*K£ìJi=>ºÄ¶ÇieÍ¿iÆ=Í¿iη¢¿ºÖ=º?´·=bF¢
*¸Ñ>iǶ=ÀºÍ·ÉiÆÍÈ@EÍ£ÉF¶=ÁdzI
ÀºÍ£ÉF¶=XrIت(¨¶>F¶=ÀºebrIÁ? Í£ÉF¶= nÈľ? ×ò C
(½>nÂÀE=bF¢ÅbQÀ¢bF£ºÀEÌfÂg¸É¯¢ÇE?PbUb¯ª *e>§r¶=
U=¹ÇieCbÉÍ¿E=G¿Ègĺ?ÄEKFÂcÆU¿¶=µea?b®Á>²Æ
>¢aÆÄi?eXj»ª§qÇ 6 U¿¶=¹>¯ª(Ä£È>E=¹Çie>È6K¶>¯ª
*Ëe>^F¶=Å=ÆeĶ
Á? bE × À³¶Æ (Í¿É£º >«¶@E Ìbɯº ¦ >þDª Í£ÉF¶= >«¶? >º?
Í¢>ì¶=η¢Æ(Í«É·^·¶ÍFj¿¶>EĶÇieÍ¿iÆ=H>J³E¸»£¶=η¢¸»JnI
Îì¢?ÎJºÆ *Í£ÉF¶=Êì£ÈËd·¶ÍFj¿¶>EÅf³=Æn¿=Æfjɶ=Æfj£¶=
»·j=ÀºÅ¦Í£ÉFEÍ«É·^·¶ ͪØ[=Lb¯£¾=Æ?(Í«É·^·¶Í£ÉF¶=¤È>F=
°U Êê (>ÿ¢ ¥ÇQf¶= ¸ × ¤È>F= °¿¢ ;>º? Í£ÉF¶= KVFq? b¯ª
¤QfÈÁ?a=e?ǶÆ(>ÃE½h¶?>Â>ì¢?ÁDª(>ÃÉì£ÈÎJUͪØ[=a>¯£¾=e>FJ¢>E
.5
6>»Ã¿¢=Êue=bF¢ÀEfE>QÀ¢Ëe>^F¶=Ê«ª *gÇت´¶cÀ¢
·®? 6¹>¯ª ´¢Æ ÄE>q@ª ½ØiÝ= η¢ U = ¹Çie ¤È>E ð>ÉE=f¢? Á?
6 U =¹Çie¹>¯ª *Tf^ª(ÎE@ª(£ÉE·®?6¹>¯ªÐ>Q¼M *ÎE@ª(£ÉE
f»¢ÀE=ʶ¹>®6¹>®¤ª>¾À¢Æ *>ÃFÉ{¤r¿ÈÆ>ÃNF]Ê«¿I³¶>²Í¿Èb=
×ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ=ʯ¶Í¢>{Àºð=bȤ·]Àº 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£
Á?¦ *=Í¢>{ÀºbÉ·¶¤·]Í«É·=Í£ÉEx¯¾Æ *¼·jºÅ=Æe ĶÍRU
ÁÇ»·j=ÄÉueÍ«É·Í¢>{Í£ÉEÆ?a>¯£¾=Í£ÉEÍ«É·^·¶ÄJ£ÉEK¾>²=cC=dÂ
Àº¸·VJÈÁ?ĶÁDªÄ¶Í£ÉF¶=¼JI¼MÐ=bJE=Í«É·]¤È>EǶ>º?(ÅÇ£È>EÆ
OÈb=Êÿ¶>ª*¼Ã¢Ç»RÅÇ·F¯È»·j=Á?e>FJ¢=η¢Í£ÉF¶=´·I
*ͪØ[=Ķ¼JI¸QeÍ£ÉEÀ¢×Í«É·]Í£ÉEÀ¢¥ÇQf¶=η¢Gr¿º
/,
تÐÊm¸²ð>º>¢kɶľ?>»²(>ÂbUÆÏfj²K¿EÍÈ×ÆÍMa>}ð>q>]
*ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÇE×Ƽ³=¥ÇuǺ¦¸»nÈ
Ê·¢À¢ËÆàe> *>ðÉFqÁdzÈÁ?gÇت(ð>§¶>EÁdzÈÁ?6>ðN¶>M
ÍMØMÀ¢¼·¯¶=¤ªàe 6¹>® U=¹ÇieÁ? Ä¿¢=ÊueG¶>{ÊE?ÀE=
¸¯£È ÎJU ηJF= À¢Æ (³È ÎJU r¶= À¢Æ ( ¯ÉJjÈ ÎJU ¼Ñ>¿¶= À¢
¦ÇÂÆ(Åfº?frJÈÁ?XrÈ×Ä¿¢¼·¯¶=¤ªàeÀºÆ *aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æe
ľÙ(¼³=Àº´¶cÁÆa>ºÆ?(Í«É·]ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈت(ð>¢fm¬·³º
Á?(ð>ÉFqÍ«É·=ÁDzg=ÇQ½b¢Î·¢ð>vÈ?¸É¶b¶=Æ *L>ªfrJ¶=´·×
(½>nÂÀE=bF¢Í£ÉExªeb¯ª(qÄ£È>FÈÁ?xªe U=¹Çie
Àº XrI × Í£ÉF¶= K¾>² =cDª *§q Ç 6¹>¯ª Åf§rE ´¶c ¸·¢Æ
ÁdzÈÁ?gÇ׾?Æ?H>EÀ»ªÍ«É·]Ŧ¤È>FÈÁ?gÇ×Æ(r¶=
*Í«É·]
=¹Çie¹Ç¯¶(ð>¾Ç¿
ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈت(ðØ®>¢ÁdzÈÁ?6>ð£E=e
ÀºÆ*¸¯£ÈÎJUηJF=À¢Æ*** 6>ÿº¹>®ÆÍMØMÀ¢¼·¯¶=¤ªe 6 U
ÍVr¶fmÆ(¬É·³J¶=>¿º¸¯£¶=ÁÙÆ(¬·³º¦ÇêĿ¢¼·¯¶=¤ªe
(ÍÉ¢fn¶=¬É¶>³J¶=dÉ«¿JEÆ(¼³=L>ªfrJE½Ç¯È>CÍ«É·=Æ *L>ªfrJ¶=
*>ð¾Ç¿
ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈت
fmͶ=b£¶=Æ*>ð¯i>ªÁdzÈÁ?XrÈت(ð×b¢ÁdzÈÁ?6>ðjº>]
Á? bÂ>n¶= m= >£I = ÁÙ *>Âe=f»Ji×Æ ÍªØ[= a>¯£¾× ½g×
¼¢?ÇÂÀ»ª > Ô2Å=°K% $ÕiWà ÕsXTVl TÀi¯MÕU XT @6>£I¹>® *×ð b¢ÁdzÈ
=cC ľ٠(ð×b¢ ÁÇ³È Á? ½h·È ľ? Æ? H>E Àº Í«É·= ÇÂÆ bÂ>n¶= Àº
*Æ?Í«É·^·¶>Ã{fnªbÂ>n·¶Í¶=b£¶=K{fm
/.
frJ¶=´·Øª(ÅbÉj¶µÇ·bF£¶=ÁÙ(ð=fUÁdzÈÁ?6>ðia>i
η¢ÍÈ×Ƕ=´·Øª(ŧEfrJ¶=´·× Á?Æ?H>EÀºÆ(Äj«¿E
*l>¿¶=
Àº ´¶c ÁÙ (ͪØ[= Ð>F¢@E ½>ɯ¶= η¢ =ðea>® ÁÇ³È Á? 6>ð£E>i
ÊÂÅd *ͪØ[=Ð>F¢@E½>ɯ¶=À¢hQ>£¶=ͪØ]XrIت(Í£ÉF¶=ÎvJ¯º
Ë?X·rÈ×Í£Fj¶=Æfn¶=ÅdÂ=b¢>ºÆ(Í«É·^·¶ ͪØ[=a>¯£¾=Æfm
=cCÍÉ·vª?fmÁdzÈÁ?À³Á>²ÁCÆ(a>¯£¾=fmÁdzÈÁÙfm
(XÉVq s¿E KFM ¼³U K >ðQeb¿º Á>² Æ? (Äɪ tÇr¿¶= KVq
η¢ ¸É¶b¶= ÊI@È Á? a>¯£¾= fm ÁÇ³È ÎJU fn¶= ½h·È ľ٠´¶cÆ
À³È =cDª *½Æh·¶= η¢ Í¿Èf® ÁÇ³È ÎJU >ðºg>Q >ðF·{ >ð¿»vJº Ä{=m=
Æ(a>¯£¾=fm×(ÍÉ·vª?fmfn¶=Á>²ð>ºg>Qð>F·{ð>¿»vJº¸É¶b¶=
>ÂbUÆK¾>²´¶d¶Æ(Í£Fj¶=Æfn¶=ÅdÂò×C½g>QG·{Äɪ¸É¶aafÈ
*¯ª ÍÉ·vª? fm Çê ¸É¶b¶= Äɪ Xq > >Â=b¢ >º >º? *a>¯£¾= Æfm
ľ٠(ð=bÃJ
Í«É·= ÁÇ³È Á? ͪØ[= a>¯£¾× nÈ Øª ´¶c η¢Æ
a>ÃJQ=CT>J×ÇÂÆ(¼³=Í«É·=¸»¢ÁÙÆ(´¶cs¾XrÈ
η¢Ð>¿Eð>º>³U?οFJÈÁ?Æ(ð=bÃJ
b·¯ÈÁ?Æ(¼³=À¢¹@jÈÁ?ľ>³ºÝ
ÁDª(ð=bÃJ
ÁdzÈÁ?¸vªÙ=À³¶Æ(ð=bÃJ
ÁdzÈÁÙÌeÆfuت(ÅbÉ·¯I
Á? ͪØ[= a>¯£¾× nÈ × ´¶d²Æ *ÄJªØ] Lb¯£¾= ´¶d² À³È
ÍÉ¢f¶= Íi>Éi C Êv«= Ë?f¶= H>Vq? Àº Æ? (ð>¢>Rm Í«É·= ÁdzÈ
¼³U K Teb¿È ×Æ (´¶c OÈbU XrÈ Ä¾Ù (>r= EbIÆ
Ë?e=cð>¢>RmÁdzÈÁ?¸vªÙ=Á>²ÁCÆ(a>¯£¾=fm´¶c¸£Ê¢fm
>º>º?*>ðÉmf®Í«É·=ÁdzÈÁ?ͪØ[=a>¯£¾×nÈ×´¶d²Æ*ÌrEÆ
//
fºÙ==dÂÁC 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£¹>®Ä¾?ÍÈÆ>£ºÀ¢ËÆàe
Å=Æe ÀÈb¶= =Ǻ>®? >º ÄÃQÆ Î·¢ = ÄçF² ×C bU? ¼ÃÈa>£È × oÈf®
¹=hÈ× 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®Ä¾?f»¢ÀE=À¢ð>vÈ?ËÆeÆ*Ëe>^F¶=
OÈa>UÙ= Ådê *Á>^Én¶= Å=Æe Á>¿M= ¼Ã¿º ʯE >º oÈf® fºÙ= =dÂ
LaeÆ>þDª(oÈf¯¶fºÙ=ÍÈ×Ƹ£QÀº¹Çif·¶Åa>¿iCXq>>¦Æ
ÁCÆe>F]Ý=ͧÉqÆ(fºÙ=ͧÉrEbU=ÆOÈbU×ÆafÈÆ(e>F]Ý=ͧÉrE
η¢¹bIÍ¿Èf¯EÁ¯È>ºð>ºg>Qð>F·{J£È×Ä¿³¶Æ(G·ì¶=bÉ«IK¾>²
¹bª(ÍVÉVqÍÈ=Æe×Æbɲ@J¶=η¢¹bIÍ¿Èf®ÍÈ@EÁ¯ÈÆ(bɲ@J¶=
>º?Æ *a>¯£¾=fm×(ÍÉ·vª?fmÁdzɪ(HÇQÇ·¶×Hb¿·¶Ä¾?η¢
Êÿ¶=f]Aο£ºÄ¾Dª *=ÄçF²ò×CbU?¼ÃÈa>£È× 6OÈb=ĶǮ
s¿ÈOÈb>ªoÈf®fºÙ==dÂÁC 6Ķǯ¶ð=bɲ@IkɶÆ(¼ÃI=a>£ºÀ¢
¼i=oÈf®Í»·²ÁDªð>vÈ?Æ*¼ÃI=a>£ºÀ¢Êÿ¶=η¢Æ(¼ÃɪfºÙ=Á?η¢
Ë?¼i×=½ÇëºÆ *G¯¶¹ÇqÙ=¼·¢\Øìq=Ķ¹>¯ÈÆ *Í«qkɶÆ
´¶d¶Æ*Ķ½Çëº×G¯·¶=Ë?¼i×=ÁÙ(ð>¯·ìºÄE¸»£È×G¯·¶=½Çëº
6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç¯ª*oÈf®¦¸£×Á?£È×oÈf®Î·¢s¿¶=ÁDª
=dÂÁ? £È× oÈf®fºÙ==d¹=hÈ× (oÈf®fºÙ==dÂÁC
׾?¼Ãɪ¹=hÈ׾DzÁ?×Æ(oÈf®¦ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈ×fºÙ=
Ádzɪ(¼Â¦ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈƼÃɪǸE(¼Â¦ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈ
fm=dÂη¢Ádzɪ*ͪØ[=¼Â¦aÇQÆÀº¤¾>º¦¼ÃÉ·¢s¿¶=
*a>¯£¾=fm×(ÍÉ·vª?
ÍMe>UÀEbÈgÆÍU=ÆeÀE=bF¢ U=¹Çießfºç ?b¯ªð>vÈ?Æ
*oÈf®¦ßfºç ?b®¹Çif¶=Ádzɪ(oÈf®¦Àº¼Ã£ÉÆbÈgÀEͺ>i?Æ
/0
ͪØ[=ð>r¾ÊÂKjÉ¶Æ *¼³=Ë?fºÙ=ÍÈ×Æ£IfºÙ==dÂÍ»·²Æ
eÇr¦Ä¾?η¢¸É¶aoÈf®¦¼³=ʶÇȹÇif¶=Ádzª *>ÂbUÆ
U=¹ÇieÁ?Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeb¯ªð>vÈ?Æ *¼Â¦À¢¥Ç¿¦Æ¼Ãɪ
ÍFÉEg Äi?e Á@² ÊnFU bF¢ ¼³É·¢ ¸»£Ji= ÁCÆ =Ç£É{?Æ =Ç£= 6¹>®
ÁCÆ ¤É{?Æ ¤? Á? U Ê·É·] ʾ>qÆ? 6¹>®ecÊE? À¢¼·jº ÏÆeÆ
aÇi?¥çbRàºbF¢¼³É·¢fäº?îÁC 6ÍÈ=ÆeÆ =f{Ù= ¥çbRàºð=bF¢Á>²
ÍfqtÇr¾OÈa>UÙ=Ådê =Ç£É{?ÆĶ=Ç£>ª=H>J³E¼²aǯÈ
Á?η¢ÍU=fq¹bÈ>º´¶cÆ *aÇi? bF¢ »·j=fº? ÇJÈÁ? g=ÇQ
*Hf£¶=¦Àº¸EoÈf®¦Àºl>¾>Â×ÇJÈÁ?gÇfºÙ=ÍÈ×ÆÆ?ͪØ[=
η¢Í¶×b·¶ ͪØ[^·¶¸Â?¼ÂÀºx£Eη¢ Kr¾b®OÈa>UÙ=ÁdzJª
*¼Â§¶>Âa>¯£¾=½b¢Æ(¼ÃEͪØ[=frUη¢×(¼ÃJÉ·vª?
Á?KFM>(ð>ÈÇ·¢Æ?ð>É>ÂÍ«É·=ÁdzÈÁ?nÈ×´¶d²Æ
C Tf] U ľ?Æ (Ê·¢ E ¦Æ ¼m> E ¦ ¼³= Îõ¶Æ U ¿¶=
*>ðÈÇ·¢ ×Æ >ðÉ> kɶ ÇÂÆ (Í»·jº ÀE b» Í¿Èb= η¢ Îò¶Æ µÇFI
×ÆÉ>Â>jɶ>»ÂÆt>£¶=ÀEÆf»¢Æ¸FQÀEc>£ºÀ»É¶=Îò¶Æ´¶d²Æ
f»¢Æ f³E ÊE٠ͪØ[>E »·j= Í£È>Fº ¤{>¯¶= ¸É¶b¶>E KFMÆ *ÈÇ·¢
Àº=Ǿdzȼþ?¤º¼Ã¿ºbU=Ƹ³¶Ä¿¢=ÊueÊ·¢Í£È>FºÆ(Á>»N¢Æ
f³¾?ľ?bU?À¢ÆfÈÆ(¼ÃJ£ÉEη¢ÍE>Vr¶=¤ÉLdziÆ(¼m>ÂE
ÀÍE>Vr¶=Àºð>¢>C´¶cÁ>³ª(ÈÇ·¢×ÆÉ>Â=Çjɶ¼Ã¾Ù¼ÃJ£ÉE
¦ Í«É·= ÁÇ³È Á? g=ÇQ η¢ ¼m> E fÑ>iÆ l>F¢ ÀE=Æ Ê·¢ ¼Ãɪ
(Ä¿¢=ÊueÊ·¢>¾bÉi¸vªÌae=Ƕ=OÈa>UÙ=>º?*ËÇ·¢×ÆÊ>Â
ͪØ[=a>¯£¾=fmÁ?η¢×(¼Ã·vªÎ·¢¹bI>þDªKÉF¶=¹A¸vªÆ
/1
*¼Ã¿ºÍ«É·=ÁdzÈÁ?
a>¯£¾×fmË?aÇQÆη¢¸É¶aË?bQÇÈ׾?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ
¤ÉÍVqzfªÎ·¢>Â=b¢>ºÆ(ͯE>j¶=Í£Fj¶=Æfn¶=ÏÇi ͪØ[=
ľDª(tÇr¿¶=ÄɪKVq¼³UKÄQ=eb¾=Æ?(ÄɪLaeƶ=tÇr¿¶=
fm Ç >ð¢fm HÇ·ì=Æ (a>¯£¾= fm × ÍÉ·vª? fm ÁÇ³È Á? À³
¹>¯È Çê ´¶c =b¢ >º >º? *Í«É·] ÁÇ³È ÎJU Í«É·^·¶ ͪØ[= a>¯£¾=
À³¶Æ *¸vªÙ==Æe>J^ɶ ͪØ[^·¶ÁÇVmf=¼ÃÉ·¢zf£ÈU»·j»·¶
a>¯£¾×=ÆfmÄɪLfªÇIK¾>²=cCÄJªØ]Lb¯£¾=ÅÆe>J]=s^mË?
*>¦ÄɪfªÇJÈǶÆ>ÂbUÆ
/2
ͪØ[=G·{
ÀºÇÂkɶÆ(»·j=¤É»hÑ>Q>ÃÉ·¢¥g>¿J¶=Æ ÍªØ[=G·{
Á? KFM b®Æ *>ÃÉ·¢ ¥g>¿J¶= À¢ Êÿ¶= s¾ Ë? afÈ Æ (L>ÂÆf³=
Äm=fªÎ·¢ÎçRjº¹Çif¶=Æ(Ìb¢>iEͫɯi>ÃÉ·¢=Ç¢g>¿I»·j=
ÍE>Vr¶= e>F² Àº ¼ÂÆ ÍJj¶= ÏeÇn¶= ¸Â? Á? KFM >»² (b£E ÀªbÈ
¼·ªÍE>Vr¶=¤ÉÀº¤»jºÆÏ?fºÎ·¢>ÃÉ·¢=Ç¢g>¿I¼ÃÉ·¢=Á=Çue
ÍE>Vr¶= ¥>C η¢ ¹bÈ > (¥g>¿J¶= =d η¢ ¼ÂÆf®?Æ (¼ÃÉ·¢ =Æf³¿È
Í¢e>¯ºÆ(>Ê£j¶=Æ>ÃF·{g=ÇQη¢Æ(ͪØ[=η¢¥g>¿J¶=g=ÇQη¢
G·{À¢Êÿ¶=>º?Æ *>ÃɶC¹ÇqǶ=¸ÉFiÍR>EÍR=ÆË?f¶>EË?f¶=
ÁÇV·rÈ×ÀäecÊE?¹>Nº?Ð>«£v·¶ÊþÇêOÈa>UÙ=ae=Ƕ=Ìe>ºÝ=
¥>Ý=¸É¶bE(>ÂÇF·ìÈÁ?¼gÇľDªÌe>ºÞ¶ÁÇV·rÈÀÈd¶=>º?*>
Ìae=Ƕ= OÈa>UÙ>ª *ÏeÇn¶= ¸Â? Àº ÍJj¶= ÍMa>UÆ Í«É¯j¶= ÍMa>U
>ðØÂ?Á>²Àº>º? *ͪØ[=Æ?Ìe>ºÝ=Ð=Çi(>ðØÂ?kɶÀÍqÇr
¼M(Ìe>ºÝ=G·{À¢Îþb® U¹Çif¶=Á>²>»·ª *>ÃF·{ĶgÇľDª
G·{À¢Êþľ?η¢Êÿ¶=¸»Ä¾Dª¥>Ý>E>ÃÉ·¢¥g>¿J¶=Æ>ÃF·{Xq
*>ð¯·ìºÊÿ¶=×(>ðØÂ?kɶÀº
/3
ͪØ[=Ìb[UÆ
=bF¢À¢ËÆe>(bU=ÆÍ«É·]×C>ɾb¶=ÁdzÈÁ?gÇ×
ð>º>ºC¤È>EÀºÆ 6¹Ç¯È U=¹Çie¤Ä¾?6ĶǮt>£¶=ÀEÆf»¢ÀE=
Ä¢g>¿È f]A Ð>Q ÁDª (¥>ìJi= ÁC Ä£ìÉ·ª ÄF·® ÌfÆ ÅbÈ Í¯«q Å>ì¢@ª
bÉ£i ÊE? À¢ >ðvÈ? ¼·jº ÏÆe >Æ *¼·jº Å=Æe f]Û= °¿¢ =ÇEfu>ª
f]Û= =Ç·J®>ª J«É· ¤ÈÇE =cC 6¹>® ľ? U = ¹Çie À¢ Ëebî=
Àº 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£6¹>®ÍRªf¢À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ *>»Ã¿º
±f«È Æ? (¼²>r¢ °nÈ Á? bÈfÈ bU=Æ ¸Qe η¢ ¤É ¼²fº?Æ ¼²>I?
ÌfÈfÂ>E?Lb¢>®6¹>®½g>UÊE?À¢ð>vÈ?¼·jºÏÆeÆ ÅÇ·J®>ª¼³J¢>
¸ÉÑ=fiC Ç¿E K¾>² 6¹>® ( U ¿¶= À¢ Pb ÄJ£»jª ¿i k
ÁdzJiÆ (Ëb£E ¾ × Ä¾CÆ (¾ Ä«·] ¾ ´·Â >»·² (Ð>É F¾Ù= ¼ÃiÇjI
(¼Ã¯U¼ÂÇì¢?Æ(¹ÆÙ>ª¹ÆÙ=Í£ÉFE=Ǫ6¹>®>¾fº@I>»ª=Ƕ>®(fN³JªÐ>«·]
ÀÈb·EJ«É· ͪØ[=Lb¯¢=cCÆ *¼Â>¢i=>»¢¼Ã·Ñ>i=ÁDª
×Æ *Á>J«É·]»·j»·¶ÁdzÈÁ?gÇ׾Ù(>»b¯£¿IbU=ÆK®Æ
(ͪØ[=η¢°Fj¶=KjɶÆ(Í«É·]ͺ>®CͶ@j=ÁÙ(>»Ã¯FiÙÍ£ÉF¶=¹>¯È
fºÙ=¤QfÈÁ?bEت(Í«É·^·¶ð>¯UKjÉ¶Æ (ð>£É»·j=°U>þÙÆ
¥f¯È¹>¯È×Æ*J«É·]=Ǻ>®?=cCð=bU=ÆÍ«É·]=ǻɯɶÍɾ>MÌfº»·j»·¶
ÁC ¹>¯È ×Æ *aǯ£¶= ¸]bI × Í¢f¯¶=Æ (b¯¢ ͪØ[= ÁÙ (>»Ã¿ÉE
¤º Ð>«· ¤ÈÇE =cC ´¶c ÁÙ ¹ÆÙ>ª ¹ÆÙ= Í£ÉFE =Ǫ 6¹Ç¯È ¹Çif¶=
Ð>QÀºÆ(ÄJ£ÉELb¯£¾=Ëd¶=¹ÆÚ¶×CÍ£ÉF¶=ÁdzI׾DªÍ«É·]aÇQÆ
fN²?¤È>EÁ@EJ«É·ÍªØ[=Lb¯¢=cC>¿Â½Ø³¶=Æ*Í£ÉEĶb¯£¿I×Åb£E
/4
Ìb¯£¿º>»Ã¿º¸²Í£ÉEK¾>²Æ(bU=ÆK®ÆJ«É·] b¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?
Í£ÉF¶= =Æb¯¢ ÁDª (»·j»·¶ ¥ÇQf¶= Àº bE ×Æ Á=b¯£¶= Χ·È ľDª >ð¢fm
>»Â§¶ >ÂÆb¯¢ ÁCÆ (ÆÙ= Ķ> >ðJÉFNI × Ä¶ =ðbÈb Lb¯£¾= >»ÂbUÙ
¤ÈÇE =cCÆ *>ÃÉ·¢ ÁǯE>jJÈ t>^mÙ × >ð£É »·j»·¶ fºÙ>ª *Lb¯£¾=
G¾>| ͪØ=Æ ¼³= ÁÆÖm b¯£¶=Æ ¸= ¸Â? fN²? Á>³ª (J«É·
Ä£È>EÀÍ£ÉF¶=K¾>² f]Û=¤ºÍÉ·®Ù=K¾>²Æ (ÅÇ£È>EÀÈd¶=¼ÂÆ(bU=Æ
Æ?(ʾ>N¶=Æ?(ðÍ£ÉE¹ÆÙ=Á>²Ð=Çi¼³=ÁÆÖmb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?fN²?
ÀºÆ(Ķb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?ÍÈfN²?Í£ÉFEð>¢fmÍ«É·]J£=ÇÂľÙ(O¶>N¶=
ͪØ[=ÁÙ(ÁÇ»·j=Ä·I>®×CÆͪØ[=ÌbUƸQ?ÀºÄ£È>FÈÁ?GÅ=b¢
(Í«É·] e>q »·j= Àº ¸Qf¶ Lb¯£¾= =cDª *»·j= fN²? Í£ÉFE b¯£¿I
*¤É»=η¢ÄJ¢>{KFQÆÆ(ŦͣÉEKºfUÆ
ÁÆÖm¼ÂbÉEÀb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?fN²?Á?¼³=¤®=ÆÁ?η¢
¼³=ÁÆÖm¬ÈfrIËfµ>¿ÂÁÙ(Ìa>¢Í»q>£¶=ÁÆaÇQǺ¼³=
¸Â?¤È>EÆ(Í«É·]µ>¿Âb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?Ë?(Í»q>£¶=¸Â?¤È>E=cDª(>É·£¶=
K¾>² Í»q>£¶= Ëd¶= Í£ÉE K¯Fi =cDª (f]A Í«É·] ¼É¶>®? Æ? ¼É·®C
¸=¸Â?ÍÈfN²?Á?η¢Í¶=aÍ¿Èf®Í»q>£¶=ÀºÍ£ÉEÁÙ(Ķ ͪØ[=
Ä·F®¼É¶>®Ù=Àº¤ÈÇE=cC>º? *¹ÆÚ¶¹>=ÅdÂÍ£ÉF¶=Æ(ÄF¾>|b¯£¶=Æ
°Fi ÁÙ (fN²? b¯£¶=Æ ¸= ¸Â? ÄF¾>| ÁÇ³È Àº XÉQfI dÒ¿ÉU ËfRɪ
η¢Æ *>ÃɪÍÈfN²Ù=Á?η¢Í¿Èf®Í»q>£¶=ÁDz¬£vÈÍ£ÉF¶=´Ò¶Æ?
ÀºÍEe>C´¶cÏa?ǶÆ(bU=ÆÍ«É·]×CίFÈÁ?gÇ×¹>UË?
*ͪØ[=Ķb¯£¿I
/5
bã¶=Æ?Ø^Ji×=
»·j=Eb¯¢Ä¾Ù(bã¶>EË?(Ø^Ji×>EͪØ[=b¯£¿I×
Ëd¶=s^n¶=Àº¹ÇF®Æ(»·j=ÀºÍ£ÉE>Âa>¯£¾=nɪ *Í«É·=Æ
ÄEb¯£¿Iت(´¶cÄɪ¸rÁ?ÎI@JÈ×bã¶=Æ?Ø^Ji×=Æ *ÅÇ£È>E
Äɪ¸r×Åb£EÊI@Èf]AÍ«É·Í«É·]Ø^Ji>ª´¶cη¢Æ *ͪØ]
× »·j»·¶ °U ͪØ[= ÁÙÆ *>Âb¯¢ °U ´· × Ä¾Ù ÍªØ[= b¯¢
Ë? Ŧ Í«É·= Ø^Ji>ª *ÁÆÕ>nÈ À >þÆb¯£È ÁÇ»·j>ª (Í«É·^·¶
×´·×>ºÐ>ì¢CÆ(´·×>Ð>ì¢CľÙ(XrÈ×ŧ¶ÍªØ[>EÅbâ
Æ?ÄFÈf®Æ?Ä¿E=Á>²?Ð=Çif]AÍ«É·]Í«É·=¬·^Ji==cDª *>ð¢fmgÇ
´·À>Âb¯¢fľÙð>¯·ìºÄ¶ ͪØ[=b¯£¿I×Æ(gÇ×Ä¿¢ð=bÉ£E
*XrÈ×ʶÇvªb¯¢Êê(b¯£¶==dÂ
(ÍJj¶=¬·^Ji=f»¢Á?Æ(f»¢¬·^Ji=f³E>E?Á?ËÆe>º>º?Æ
×´¶cÁDª(ð>¢>C¼ÃIdziÁ>³ª´¶c=Æf³¿ÈÆ=ÇJ³iÍE>Vr¶=Á?Æ
¬·^JjÈ f³E >E? ÁÙ ´¶cÆ *bã¶= Ë? Ø^Ji×= g=ÇQ η¢ ¹bÈ
¼Í«É·]ÁdzÈÀ»Éª»·j= Àºb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â? e>nJi=>CÆ(Í«É·]
fÃm?ÍMØM¹Ø]»·j= Àºb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â? ÁC¼M *f»¢Æð>É·¢Xmfª
l>¿¶=Ð>Qf³EÊE?Ì>ªÆb£E¼M(¼ÃJÈfN²@Ef»¢=Æe>J]=f³EÊE?Ì>ÉU
(Í«É·]À³È¼·ªÍ£ÉF¶=¸F®>º?*f»£¶ÍªØ[=Lb¯£¾=dÒ¿ÉUÆ(f»¢=Ç£È>EÆ
>CÆ (Ķ »·j= e>ÉJ]>E ×Æ (f³E ÊE? XÉmE × Ä¶ ͪØ[= b¯£¿I Æ
Àº¼XÉmfIÇêÍJj·¶f»¢bâ>º?Æ*ͪØ[=߸Få®íÆÅÇ£È>EULb¯£¾=
Á? Ç¢ ÀE Àf¶= bF¢ Àº ¸rU ¼M (»·j= G·{ η¢ Ð>¿E Ä·F®å
0,
Á>² > bɯI =cC >ðÉ·¢ ¼ÂfN²? e>J]>ª ¼Ã¿º ÁÇ³È À»Éª »·j= e>nJi=
ÇE?ÄÉ·¢e>i>bɯJ¶=Ê·¢xªe>»·ª *Á>»N£ª×CÆ(f»¢Æf³EÇE?ÄÉ·¢
Á>»N£¶Lb¯£¾= ͪØ[>ª *l>¿¶=Ä£È>EÆÁ>»N¢Àf¶=bF¢¤È>Ef»¢Æf³E
¸F¯ÈÆ(l>¿¶=Ä£È>FÈǶÆ(l>¿¶=e>ÉJ]>E×Æf»¢XÉmE×Ķl>¿¶=Í£ÉFE
×Æ *Í«É·^·¶ »·[j= Í£ÉE Àº bE × ´¶c η¢Æ *ͪØ[= b¯£¿I ÇÂ
>º>ÃÉ·¢°Fì¿ÈÆ ÍÈ×Æb¯¢>þÙ(Ø^Ji×=Æ?bã¶>EÁdzIÁ?gÇ
*aǯ£¶=η¢°Fì¿È
0-
Í«É·=Gr¾Í¯Èf[{
> abU (>ÃÉ·¢ Í«É·] Gr¾ ͺîÙ= η¢ ¥fn¶= GQÆ? U
Í¿j¶=ÆH>J³¶>EÍJE>MͯÈfì¶=ÅdÂÆ(Í«É·=Gr¾>ÃEËf¶=ͯÈfì¶=
Í£ÉFE Í«É·= Gr¾ ËfRɪ *Í£ÉF¶= Ê ͯÈfì¶= ´·IÆ *ÍE>Vr¶= ¥>CÆ
Í£ÉF¶=ÊÂͯÈfì¶=ÅdÂÁDz>º? *ĶÇieÍ¿iÆ=H>J²Î·¢Ä¶»·j=
>º? *½>ºÝ=Í£ÉFE>¿¶¹Çif¶=fº?ÀºÆ(¹Çif·¶»·j=Í£ÉEÀºÍJE>MÊê
η¢ Í£ÉE Ê >CÆ (ÌÇF¿¶= η¢ Í£ÉE Kjɶ >þDª ¹Çif·¶ »·j= Í£ÉE
η¢U¤ÈÇFª*°ÈbrJ¶=η¢Í£ÉEKjɶÆ(¸»£¶=η¢Í£ÉEÊÂcC(¼³=
Ͷ>if¶=ÆÌÇF¿¶>Ee=f®Ý=ÁÙ (ð×ÇieÆð>ÉF¾Åe>FJ¢=η¢ × (ð>»²>UÅe>FJ¢=
b®Æ *ͶÆb¶=kÉÑeÅe>FJ¢>EĶͣÉF¶=ÁdzIÁ?×C°FI¼·ª(Í£ÉEkɶÆÁ>C
[XÄ\C Vl¯ q³ª= SM{iU
Wc @ 6>£I ¹>® OÈb=Æ ÁAf¯¶= Í£ÉF¶= LaeÆ
WÛÜ°5ØsWc YXT ]CÙ¯nÕWc YXT <Ùk[ ¯ |¦Ù¯nÕÈd Y DU rQ"Wà \X=ØȯcWÄc Á0V<°%ØUÀ-Ù
¦¯I° ÄB×qU XT C¯Mi°iØcU WÛØÜW ÈOX=c¯n\,ÙÝWc CW)ÕIȯ WÛÜ°"Ú
Wc YXT CÉF\iVØTU ]CÚ È)ÙWc YXT
@ 6>£I ¹>®Æ > CÀIØȯcWVÙ T¿pØÊW% r¯Û \V<j¦¡ØÈWc YXT
|ÚÏ° D¯
Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆeÆ *> ×1¯Mi°iØcU V×SVÙ ÀiWc |ESÄȯcWÄc \-5¯ \W5SÄȯcWÄc
ÀEÌa>F¢Ê¾]?6¹>®bÉ£iÀEÎÉÀ¢´¶>ºMbU¸É¢>C>¿MbU6¹>®
η¢ U=¹Çie>¿£È>E 6¹>®Kº>r¶=ÀEÌa>F¢À¢ÊE?ʾ]?bɶǶ=
Æ? ½Ç¯¾ Á?Æ Ä·Â? fºÙ= ¥g>¿¾ × Á?Æ (Åf³=Æ n¿= Í¢>ì¶=Æ ¤»j¶=
6¹>® Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆeÆ ¼Ñ× ÍºÇ¶ = > × >俲 >»NÉU °>E ¹Ç¯¾
ÊE? ÀE=Ç bÉ£i >¿MbU bÈhÈÀE=bF¢>¿MbU =bF¢ÀEÊ·¢ >¿MbU
(½>nÂÀE=bF¢ÅbQ À¢bF£º ÀEÌfÂg¸É¯¢ÇE?MbU6¹>®HÇÈ?
0.
=¹ÇieCbÉ»àUÍ¿E=G¿Ègĺ?ÄEKFÂcÆ ( U¿¶=µea?b®Á>²Æ
Äi?eXj»ª *§qÇ 6 U¿¶=¹>¯ªÄ£È>E=¹Çie>È6K¶>¯ª U
À¢o»¢Ù=À¢ÌhÊE?À¢àÁ=bF¢>¿MbU6¹>®Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆĶ>¢aÆ
=¼Ã»·³È×ÍMØM 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®ÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢>qÊE?
¤¿°Èfì¶>EÐ>º¸vªÎ·¢¸Qe6¼É¶?H=d¢¼Æ¼ÃɲhÈ×Æ (ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ
ΪÆbÈfÈ>ºÅ>ì¢?ÁCÅ>ɾb¶×CÄ£È>FÈ×ð>º>ºC¤È>E¸QeÆ(¸ÉFj¶=ÀE=Ä¿º
Êì¢î?b¯¶>E¬·Vªfr£¶=b£EÍ£·jEðØQe¤È>FȸQeÆ(Ķ¬È×CÆ (Ķ
ÍfqÍMØN¶=OÈa>UÙ=Ådê *>ÃE£àÈÆ>Âd]@ªÄ®brª=d²Æ=d²>ÃE
η¢ ¹Çif¶= ¤È>E b® Ìa>F¢ OÈbVª *Í«É·= Gr¾ ͯÈf{ Í£ÉF¶= Á?
ľÙÄJ£ÉExªe½>nÂÀE=bF¢OÈbUÆ(¼²>V·¶=dÂÆÍ¢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶=
Í£ÉFE XÈfq ÌfÈf ÊE? OÈbUÆ (¼³U Í£ÉE >þ? η¢ ¹bÈ > (¨¶>E ¦
s¿IÏf]?OÈa>U?µ>¿ÂÆ*½>ºCäË?Ë?Ìf³¾½>ºCÍ»·²LÐ>QÆ(½>ºÝ=
6¹>®U¿¶=Á?Æf»¢ÀE=bF¢°Èf{Àº¼·jºÊ«ª*½>ºÝ=Í£ÉEη¢
Ð>QÁDª(¥>ìJi=ÁCÄ£ìÉ·ªÄF·®ÌfÆ(ÅbÈͯ«qÅ>ì¢@ªð>º>ºC¤È>EÀº
Ëeb=bÉ£iÊE? À¢ >ðvÈ?¼·jºÆ f]Û= °¿¢ =ÇEfu>ª Ä¢g>¿È f]A
ÏÆeÆ >»Ã¿ºf]Û==Ç·J®>ªJ«É·¤ÈÇE=cC 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®
À¢PbÄJ£»jª¿ikÌfÈfÂ>E?Lb¢>®6¹>®½g>UÊE?À¢¼·jº
Ä«·]¾´·Â>»·²Ð>ÉF¾Ù=¼ÃiÇjI¸ÉÑ=fiCÇ¿EK¾>² 6¹>® U¿¶=
=Ǫ 6¹>® ; >¾fº@I >»ª =Ƕ>® (fN³Jª Ð>«·] ÁdzJiÆ (Ëb£E ¾ × Ä¾CÆ (¾
ͯÈf{ Á@E Íä¿j¶=Æ H>J³¶= Àº Ífq tÇr¿¶>ª *¹ÆÙ>ª ¹ÆÙ= Í£ÉFE
ÇE@ª *ÄÉ·¢=Æe>iÆÍE>Vr¶=¤É´¶c¼Ãªb®Æ *Í£ÉF¶=ÊÂÍ«É·=Gr¾
ÀºÄ£È>E¼M(bRj=ͺ>¢Í£ÉEÆ(ͫɯj¶=Íq>]Í£ÉE¤ÈÇEf³E
0/
f»¢Æ(Ä¿¢=ÊueG¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·£²ÄJ£ÉFEbJ£ÈÀbRj=¤È>FÈ
ÀºÍ£ÉE¤ÈÇEÊ·¢Æ(»·j=ÀºÍ£ÉE¤ÈÇEÁ>»N¢Æ(»·j=ÀºÍ£ÉE¤ÈÇE
*»·j»·¶Í«É·]Gr¿¶ÌbÉUǶ=ͯÈfì¶=ÊÂÍ£ÉF¶>ª*»·j=
Gr¾ ÌfÂ> >þDª (Í£ÉF¶= Åd Ð=fQÝ ÍÉ·»£¶= LØÉr«J¶= >º?
f³EÇE?¼ÂÆÌfm>Fº U¹Çif¶=Ì>ªÆG¯¢=ÆÐ>QÀÈd¶=Í£EeÙ=Ð>«·=
ÍE>Vr¶=¤É>ÿ¢K³ib®Æ(¼ÃÉ·¢=Á=ÇueÊ·¢ÆÁ>»N¢Æf»¢Æ
ÐÊm¼Â@E°·£JI>þÙ(¥fn·¶Í«¶>K¾>²Ç¶f³¿È>>þ?¤º>ÂÆf®?Æ
¸rU>º¤FJIÀºÆ *½ØiÝ>E¼³=Ð>¯EÆ(»·j=Á>ɲÄÉ·¢¬®ÇJÈ
E ͫɯi =Çn®>¿I b® »·j= x£E Á? b Ð>«·= Ð×Ö Gr¾
(¦ kɶ f³E >E?Æ f»¢Æ ÌbÉF¢ >E?Æ =ðb£i ÁÇVmf= Á>²Æ (Ìb¢>i
¼M(»·j»·¶Í«É·]>ÃEe>qa>¯£¾=Í£ÉE f³EÇE?¤ÈÇEÍn®>¿=ÍRÉJ¿EÆ
ÇE?kU?UÆ *Í¢>{Í£ÉEÅÇ£È>FªbRj=CÁÇ»·j=Ê¢aʾ>N¶=½Çɶ=
¼ÂnJjÈ»·j= Àºb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â? >¢aLǺzfºÄufºÁ@Ef³E
¹ÇUeÆbÈL=e>nJi×=ÅdÂË?f¶=Á>²Æ*»·j»·¶Í«É·]ÁdzÈÀ»Éª
>Æ *L=e>nJi×=ÅdÂfÃm?ÍMØMÌbº O³ºÆ(¦kɶ f»¢ÆÊ·¢
Ç f»¢ Á? ¼ À·¢? »·j= Àº b¯£¶=Æ ¸= ¸Â? Ë?e f¢Æ >Ã?
f»¢=Ç£È>EÆbRj=CÁÇ»·j=fvUÌfm>FºÄI>ªÆG¯¢Æ(Åb£EÍ«É·=
×Æ (L=e>nJi×>E kÉ¶Æ (»·j»·¶ Í«É·] Í£ÉF¶= ÅdÃE e>rª (ͪØ[>E
(ÎE@ª¬·^JjÈÁ?ÁÇ»·j=Ä¿ºG·{f»¢À£î{UÆ *f³EÊE?ÁØ¢DE
bF¢ÇÂƼÂbU?ÁÇVmf=H>¾?ÄI>ªÆb£E¼M(ÍJi>÷£RªÄÉ·¢=Ç@ª
(Á>»N¢Í£ÉEÀ·¢?¼M(¼Âe>nJi=Æ»·j=Ë?f¶¤QfªÇ¢ÀEÀf¶=
Ø^Ji>E × (»·j= Í£ÉFE Í«É·] e>rª Á>»N¢ =Ç£È>Fª ÁÇ»·j= ½>¯ª
00
»·j= Ìfà ¤È>Fª (Á>»N¢ ¸J® ¼M *Àf¶= bF¢ ÁØ¢DE ×Æ (f»¢
*»·j=Í£ÉFEÍ«É·]e>rªG¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢ÍªÇ³¶=ÆÍ¿Èb=
Ê ͪØ[^·¶Í£ÉF¶=Ð=fQÝÍÉ·»£¶=LØÉr«J¶=Á?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ
η¢ Ë?f¶= f¯Ji= =cC ÎJU (ͪØ[^·¶ X·rÈ À»Éª ÁÇ»·j= o®>¿JÈ Á?
ÅÇ£È>FÈÁ?¼Ã¿ºG·{¼Ã¿ºÅÆe>J]=À»ª(»·j=η¢=Çufà¢(t>^m?
e>q Ìb¢>i E ͫɯi Ê«ª *ÅÇ£È>FÈ Á? Vmf= Ê®>E Àº G·{ >»²
ÄJ£ÉEK¾>³ª(f³EÇE?¤ÈÇE¼Mf³EÊE?Æf»¢ÆÌbÉF¢ÊE?Æb£ip>¯¿¶=
¤ºf²=dIf³EÇE?Æ(Í¢>{Í£ÉE»·j=ͺ>¢ÀºÄJ£ÉELfQ¼Ma>¯£¾=Í£ÉE
b£EÆ(ÍJi>÷£Qf»¢Æ(¤ÈÇE¼Mf»¢¼i=À·¢?¼MÊ·¢»·j=
¤ÈÇEÊ·¢Æ *¤ÈÇE¼M(Á>»N¢¼i=Àf¶=bF¢À·¢?»·j=C¥ÇQf¶=
XÉm¶=Äɾ=bÈ׾?ð>ªÆf£ºÁ>²Æ(Í¿Jª¤uƤuǶ=Á>²b¯ªÌfm>Fº
ð>Èe>QÍ£ÉF¶=fº?Ádzȴ¶dEÆ*Á>»N¢¸J®UbU?»·j=b¿¢ÍªØ[^·¶
Ëf¼M(>X·rÈÀ»ÉªÍn®>¿=b£E ͪØ[^·¶ÁÇVmf=frÁ?η¢
ð>Vu=Æ=dÂÁ>²ÀÒ¶Æ*l>¿¶=η¢Í£ÉF¶=Ķd]ÖI¼M(¼Ã¿ºÍ«É·]H>^J¾=
À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe*Á>»N¢Í£ÉEXuÆ?fÃÈľDªf³EÊE?L=e>nJi=
Á? 6Å]?Íߺfá^ºß ÀEeßÇájå =Á?Å]?Àf¶=bF¢ÀEbÉÁ?ËfÂh¶=
Kj¶ 6Àf¶= bF¢ ¼ ¹>® *=ÆeÆ>nJª =Ç£»JQ= f»¢ ¼Â×Æ ÀÈd¶= Âf¶=
(¼³¿º ¼³¶ L]= ¼JÒm ÁC ¼³¿³¶Æ (fºÙ= =d η¢ ¼³jª>¾? Ëd¶>E
η¢l>¿¶=¹>»ª¼Âßfáº?Àf¶=bF¢=ǶÆ>»·ª(Àf¶=bF¢C´¶c=Ç·£Rª
*ÄF¯¢@ìÈ×ÆÂf¶=´Ò¶Æ?¤FJÈl>¿¶=Àºð=bU?Ïe?>ºÎJUÀf¶=bF¢
Í·É·¶=K¾>²=cCÎJUʶ>É·¶=´·IľÆeÆ>nÈÀf¶=bF¢Î·¢l>¿¶=¹>ºÆ
¤äRÂb£EÀf¶=bF¢®f{eÇj=¹>® *Á>»N¢>¿£È>Fª>ÿº>¿VFq?¶=
01
K·VJ²=>º=Ǫ(ð>»Ñ>¾µ=e?6¹>¯ªK¯ÉJi=ÎJUH>F¶=Hfvª¸É·¶=Àº
>»ÂeÆ>nªÄ¶>»ÃIÇ¢bª(ð=b£iÆEh¶=¥a>ª°·ì¾=(½Ç¾ N³EPØN¶=ÅdÂ
Ê·¢½>®¼M(¸É·¶=çe>ÃE=ÎJUÅ>Q>¿ªÄIÇ¢bª(ð>É·¢Ê¶¥a=6¹>¯ªÊ¾>¢a¼M
¼M(ð>ÒÉmÊ·¢ÀºÎnÀf¶=bF¢Á>²b®Æ(¤»{η¢ÇÂÆÅb¿¢Àº
b®Æ(XFr¶>EÁcÖ=>»Ã¿ÉE±fªÎJUÅ>Q>¿ªÄIÇ¢bªÁ>»N¢Ê¶¥aî?6¹>®
=cCð>É·¢ÁÆbÈfȼÂfN²?Á?l>¿¶=Ìe>nJi=ÀºÇ¢ÀEÀf¶=bF£¶FI
XFr¶= l>¿·¶ Ê·ùq
à >»·ª (Á>»N£ª ×CÆ f»¢Æ f³E ÇE? ÄÉ·¢ Á>² > bɯI
ÀÈfQ>Ã=Àºð=fu>UÁ>²ÀºC¸ie@ª¿=b¿¢Âf¶=´Ò¶Æ?¤»JQ=Æ
(f»¢ ¤º ÍR= ´·I =Ǫ=Æ =Ǿ>²Æ (a>¿QÙ= Ð=fºî? C ¸ie?Æ (e>r¾Ù=Æ
Ê·¢xªe>»·ª(Ê·¢Î·¢fºÙ=zf¢ÆÀf¶=bF¢bÃnI=Ç£»JQ=>»·ª
Í¿iη¢´£È>E?6¹>¯ªÁ>»N¢bÉEd]?f»¢Æf³EÇE?ÄÉ·¢e>i>bɯJ¶=
ÁÆfQ>Ã=Æl>¿¶=Ä£È>EÆÀf¶=bF¢Ä£È>Fª(Åb£EÀºJ«É·=ÆĶÇieÆ=
*ÁÇ»·j=Æa>¿QÙ=Ð=fº?Æe>r¾Ù=Æ
Á?b£Ef»¢¼Â>ÀÈd¶=Âf¶==ÆfrU ͪØ[^·¶ÁÇVmf>ª
ÀºÄj«¾Tf]?Á?b£EÇ¢ÀEÀf¶=bF¢Æ(´¶cÁÇ»·j=ÄɶCG·{
Ëd¶=¼i=À·¢?¼M(Í«É·]ÁdzÈÀ»Éª»·j=Ë?ed]?ͪØ[^·¶XÉm¶=
l>¿¶= ÅbÈfÈ Àº ¼i= ÁØ¢C b£EÆ *l>¿¶= eÆ>m Á? b£E ÁÇ»·j= ÅbÈfÈ
Ê¢fn¶=¼³>ª´¶cη¢Æ *Í£ÉF¶=ÅdÃEÍ«É·]e>rª(ĶͣÉF¶=K¾>²
Ë?e ÁÇ·N Àº ¸ßF®å Àº ͪØ[^·¶ ÁÇVmf= frVàÈ Á? Ç ͫɷ= Gr¾
=Æe>JÁ?¼Ã¿ºG·ìÈÆ(»·j=η¢¼ÂÕ>?zf£I¼M(»·j=ÌfÃ
ÌfÃÁdzIÀºf¿È¼[àM(¼Í«É·]ÁdzɶVmf=Ð×ÖÂÀºð=bU=Æ
Ð=Çi(ð>£É»·j=η¢Í£ÉF¶=Ķd]ÖJª(ÄF¾>|¼ÃJÈfN²?Ë?(»·j=
02
!"#
=cC >»¢ f¿¶= x§E (Í«É·= Gr¾ ¼Ã¯U Ìfm>Fº Àº »·j= ¤É
¼·jº¸²Ìeb®ÁdzÈÁ?GË?(ÅÇ·»£JjȽ?°==dÂ=Ç·»£Ji=
ÊÂÍÉv¯¶>ª *>ðº>Ið>¿É³´¶cÀºÄ¿É³»JEÍ«É·=Gr¿E½>ɯ¶=ÀºÀ³»J¶=
¯jÈð>º>ɮͫɷ=Gr¾Àº¼ÃÉ·¢=Äufª>½>ɯ¶=Àº»·j=³
(¸£«¶>Ezf«¶==dÃE»·j=¤É½>ɮͶ@j=KjɶÆ(zf«¶==d¼ÿ¢
»·j= Àº Í«É·= Gr¾ Ëf Á? Ç = Äufª Ëd¶= zf«¶= ÁÙ
Á?>»ÂbU?6Á=fº?=dÂη¢¥f«JÈÆ *»·j=¤ÉÄÈfÁ?×(¼Â>ufE
»·j=¤É>ue°¯VJÈ×Á?ʾ>N¶=Æ(ÄFr¿E»·j=¤É>ue°¯VJÈ
*ÀÈfºÙ=ز¼³»J¶=°¯¤ºGr¿¶==dÃE
Gr¿EÁǺǯÈÀ»Éª£ºab¢nÈت¹ÆÙ=fºÚ¶ÍFj¿¶>E>º?
»·j= >ue Í£ÉF¶= Åd °¯Æ (Í«É·= ¤È>E ab¢ Ë? ¸E (Í«É·=
η¢¹bÈÐÊmË@EÆ?(ÄJ£ÉEη¢Ð>¿EÄJ¢>{η¢¼>F®DEÆ?(¼ÃIdzjE
Í«É·=ÇÂÁdzÈÆ(ð>£É»·j»·¶Í«É·]HÇr¿=Í«É·=ÁdzÈ(¼Â>ue
Gr¾Ð=fQC¤»=¼Ãɪ°¯VJÈcC*t>^m?ÍjÄFr¿E½>®Ç¶Æð>¢fm
η¢(´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ?(Í¢>ì·¶Ìea>F=ÆLdzj¶>E>uf¶=°¯VJÈÆ(Í«É·=
>º? *>ðº>Ið>¿É³Ë?f¶=Ð=bECÀº³»J¶=Æe>ÉJ]×=ÎÃJ¿=d¼JÈÁ?fm
ÄFr¿E½>®=cC×CÍ«É·=Gr¾¼JÈ׾Dª(»·j=¤É>ue°¯VJÈ=cC
Á>²>»Ãº(¼ÃJÈfN²?Ë?(»·j=ÌfÃ>ueĶ¼ÃFr¾°¯VJÈÍ¢>
Í«É·=Gr¾Ëf6Ð>﫶=x£E¹Ç®Ð>Q>¿ÂÀºÆ(Í¢>»=ÅdÂab¢
°¯VJȶ=Í¢>»=b¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?ÁÆJ£ÈcC)Ķb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?Í£ÉFE
a>¯£¾= Æfm η¢ hÑ>U ¸Qe Ë? Í£ÉE Àº ÄE ½Ç¯I > »·j= >ue
>ÃɪËf¶=ÊÂb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?Í£ÉE KjÉ·ª´¶cη¢Æ ) ͪØ[=
04
(ð>É¢fmð>Fr¾Í«É·=Gr¾¸£ð>{fm¼ÃJ£ÉEaÇQÆkɶÆ(Í«É·=Gr¾
»·j=>ue°¯Î·¢Í¶=b¶=L=e>ºÙ=ÀºÌe>º?b¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?Í£ÉE¸E
¸²Æ *»·j»·¶·N»=ÁÆJ£È=Ǿ>²b¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?ÁÙ(Í£ÉF¶=ÅdÃE
(Í«É·= Gr¾ >ÃE ¼JÈ Í«É·] Í£ÉFE »·j= >ue °¯ η¢ ¹bI Ìe>º?
*>ðÉ¢fmð>Fr¾>ÃEÄFr¾ÁdzÈÆ
°¯VJȤͫɷ=Gr¿E½Ç¯ÈÁ?ÇÂÊ¢fn¶=¼³>ª´¶cη¢Æ
´¶cÁ>²?Ð=Çi(°¯VJ¶=L=e>º?ÀºÌe>º?Ë@E»·j=>ueĶ¼ÃFr¾
½?(»·j»·¶·N»=fN²?¼Ã¾Ç³E½?b¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â?fN²?£È>F=ÁdzE
ÅdÂη¢Ð>¿EÍ¢>ì¶>E¼ÃJ¢e>jº ½?(Ķ¼ÃJ£ÉEÀ¢»·j=LdzjEÁ>²
Ð=bECÀº½>J¶=³»J¶=¼ð=fªÇJº½=a>º(¸Ñ>iǶ=ÀºÍ·ÉiÆÍÈ@E ½?(Í£ÉF¶=
¼Ã¾Ç² ×Æ (b¯£¶=Æ ¸= ¸Â? ¼Ã¾Ç² Ê¢fn¶= ¼³= Àº kÉ¶Æ *¼ÃÈ?e
*¼É¶>®Ù=¸Â?Æ?Í»q>£¶=¸Â?¼Ã¾Ç²Æ?(¸®?Æ?fN²?Æ?ÍÑ>»£Ee?Æ?Í£Ee?
»·j=ÌføF®Àº>uf¶=>Ãɪ°¯VJȼÃJ£ÉEÁDzʢfn¶=¼³=¸E
*>ðº>Ið>¿É³¼ÃÈ?eÐ=bECÀº¼Ã¿É³¤ºL=e>ºÙ=ÀºÌe>º?ÍÈ@E
Í£u>=aØF¶=ÁÇnÉ£ÈÀÈd¶=ÁÇ»·j=(»·j=¤É»|a=f=Æ
ͪØ[=K¾>²ÁC°E>j¶=Í«É·^·¶>È>¢e=Ǿ>²ÀÈd¶=Ë?(ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb·¶
K¾>²ÁC¼ÃEͪØ[=b¯£¿IÆÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=½>É®¼ÃE¼JÈÀÈd¶=Æ?(Í»Ñ>®
Ì>É=>¿ÒJi=Æ>Âa>DE¼Â=Ǻ>®Æ(¼Ã·F®ÀºÍ»Ñ>®¦ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=
nÈ×ƼÃJ£ÉEnIت»·j=Àº¼Â¦>º?(>ÃJìi=ÇEÍɺØiÝ=
=Ç¾Ç³È Æ? (½ØiÝ= Á>ì·i η¢ Qe>] =Ç¾Ç³È Á? >ºC ¼Ã¾Ù (¼Â>ue
>»ÂزÆ(½ØiÝ=e=aC½>»v¾×=ÀºÁÇ¿³»JÈ×Æf«²e=aÁÇnÉ£È
η¢ Qe>= ÁÙ (Í¢>ì¶= Í£ÉE ÄÉ·¢ >CÆ (a>¯£¾×= Í£ÉE Ķ °U ×
05
¼ÃE°¯VJÈ×f«³¶=e=aÀÈd¶=Æ *Ì>§F¶=¼³U¼Ã»³U½ØiÝ=Á>ì·i
´¶c η¢Æ *Äɪ =Ç·]bÈ Æ? (¸£«¶>E ÅÇ»É¯È ÎJU ½ØiÝ= Á>ì·i ½>É®
ÁdzÈÎJU¼Â>ue°¯nÈÆ(a>¯£¾×=Í£ÉE°U¼ÀÈd¶=ÁÇ»·j>ª
×Æ*¸£«¶>E½ØiÝ=Á>ì·i¼ÃE½Ç¯ÈÀÈd¶=¼Â(ð>É¢fmð>Fr¾Í«É·=Gr¾
´¶c¹>¯È×*ÄÉ·¢Ê¢fm¸É¶a´¶>¿ÂkɶÆ(Ê·¯¢O}½Ø³¶==d¹>¯È
¸É¶bEĶÎIÖÈ×=dÆ(¼³=k«¾kɶÆ(¼³=>¿ºO}ľÙ
°É¯Æ*Ê¢fn¶=¼³=ÇÂ(½=fUÍJÉ=¸²@ª*ÄJ¯É¯UÁ>ÉFEÇÂ>CÆÊ¢fm
½>ɯª *¼³= ÄE °·£JÈ Ëd¶= ¥ÇuÇ= Ë? (¼³= >¿º Ç ÍJÉ= Ê >º
>uf¶>EGr¿¶==dÂÁdzÈÁ?Æ(Ê¢fn¶=¼³=ÇÂÍ«É·=Gr¿E»·j=
Àº>º?*¸É¶b¶>EĶÎIÖÈËd¶=ÇÂ=dÂÆ(ð>vÈ?Ê¢fn¶=¼³=ÇÂe>ÉJ]×=Æ
>uf¶=Äɪ°¯VJÈËd¶=fºÙ=ÇÂ>ºÆ(Gr¿¶=¼ÃE¼JÈÀÈd¶=ÁÇ»·j=¼Â
(ÄJ>£ ¼³= Ð>Q Ëd¶= ¥ÇuÇ= Ë? ¼³= >¿º ´¶dª (e>ÉJ]×=Æ
*>ð¯¯VJºÄɪʢfn¶=¼³=¸£Ëd¶=ÇÂÄÉ·¢Ê¢fn¶=¼³=±>Fì¾=Æ
*ÄJ¯É¯UÁ>ÉFEĶʢfn¶=¼³=Ð>QËd¶=ÐÊn¶==dÂOVFÈÄÉ·¢Æ
(Ê¢fm¸É¶aÀºÄ¶bEت¼³=Í·¢Ç¼³=>¿ºÁC¹>¯È×Æ
Í·£¶=EF²±fª´¶>¿ÂÆ(¼³=Í·¢¦¼³=>¿ºÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È×
Ê¢fm ¸É¶a Àº > bE × ÅdÂÆ (¼³= η¢ O¢>F¶= Ê ͷ£¶>ª *>¿=Æ
Ͷ@j=ÇÂË?(¼³=ÄEÐ>QËd¶=¥ÇuÇ=Çê¼³=>¿º>º?(>ÃÉ·¢
Ëd¶=ÐÊn¶=ľDzο£ºÆ *ÄJ·¢×ÆķɶakɶÆ(¼³=>ÃÉ·¢°Fì¿È¶=
¼³>EÐÊQb®Ä¾?Ë?(¼³=ÄE°ò·¢à Ëd¶=ÐÊn¶=ľ?Ǽ³=ÄEɾ
>¿»ª*¼³=Í·¢Ä¾C¹>¯ÈÎJUÄ·QÙ¼³>EÐÊQľ?×ÄJ>£Ë?(Ķ
*Í·£¶=°É¯¦Ä¯É¯Æ *Ê¢fn¶=¼³=ÍÉ·¯¿¶=¦ÍÉU>¿¶=Ǽ³=
1,
L>É·¯¿·¶¼Ãª=dÂÆ(ðØ·£ºÐ>QËd¶=s¿¶=¼ÃªC¤QfÈÍ·£¶=°É¯ÁDª
Ëd¶=¤®=Ƕ=ÄEa=f=Æ *L>É·¯¿¶=ÏÇi>ºÇ >¿=¸E(>¿=ÇÂkɶÆ
ÇÂÊ¢fn¶=¼³=ÁDª½=fUf»=K·®=cDª *Ê¢fn¶=¼³=ÄÉ·¢°FìÈ
¼³=ÎI@Jɶf»~kɶÆ?ð=f£=H=fn¶=ÁDz°É¯VJª *f»=ͺfU
ÁDzf¿¶=ÀºbEت(>¿=°É¯Ç½=f}kɶÆ?½=fUľ@EÄÉ·¢
ͯɯUf¿¶==dÂÆ(½=fUľCÄ¿¢¹>¯ÈÎJUf¦Æ?ð=fH=fn¶=
Ð>= Ç Ŀº ÐÇuǶ= gÇ Ëd¶= Ð>= K·® =cCÆ *>¿= °É¯ Ç f»=
*ÐÇuǶ=Ä¿ºgÇËd¶=Ç°·ì=Ð>=ÁDzÇÂÊ¢fn¶=¼³=ÁDª(°·ì=
ÐÇuǶ=gÇľ@EÄÉ·¢¼³=ÎI@Jɶ°·ìº¦Æ?ð>¯·ìºÐ>=ÁDz°É¯VJª
ÎJU°·ìº¦Æ?ð>¯·ìºÐ>=ÁDzf¿¶=ÀºbEت(>¿=°É¯ÇÂÄ¿º
=cCÆ*>¿=°É¯ÇÂÐ>=ͯɯUf¿¶==dÂÆ(Ä¿ºÐÇuǶ=gÇľ=¹>¯È
Æ?ð>Mbs^n¶=ÁDz°É¯VJªÌØr·¶ÐÇuǶ=ÄÉ·¢GPb=çÁCK·®
6L>¯ª=Ç= {>n¶= ¹>® b®Æ *=d³ÂÆ >¿= °É¯ Ç PbV kɶ
¸É¶b¶=d]?Àº>ÃɪbE×>¿=É£IÊvJ¯È>>ÃÂ>Fm?Ƥu=Ç=Ådê
°É¯VJEa>ÃJQ×=°·£JÈb® 6¹>®Æ Ͷg>¾¸²CÍFj¿¶>E¤®=Ƕ=°ªÆη¢
C f¯J«È × Ä¾? >»² ¥e>n¶= bq>¯ ¼·£¶= C ´¶c f¯J«È ت >¿=
¥ÇuÇ>E ¼·£¶= Ç >C a>ÃJQ×= =d Àº aÇr¯= ÁÙ ÍÉEf£¶= ¼·¢ ͪf£º
ÄEò×C¥ÇuÇ=´¶cf£È×>¼·£¶=CÄɪf¯J«È>CÆ(ÄÉ·¢ÇÂ>ºÎ·¢
´·IÀºð=bÃJ
Æð>ªe>¢bÃJ=ÁdzÈÁ?bEت(ÄEͪf£=Lbr®OÉUÀº
*ÎvJ¯=´¶c°ªÆη¢Ê¢fn¶=¼³=¹h[¿Jɶ>Ãɪf¿È¶=ÍÃ=
¼Ãª =dÂÆ (ðØ·£º Ð>Q Ëd¶= s¿¶= ¼Ãª C ¤QfÈ Í·£¶= °É¯ ÁDª
¤®=Ƕ= ÄEa=f=Æ *L>É·¯¿¶=ÏÇi>ºÇÂ>¿=¸E (>¿=ÇÂkɶÆL>É·¯¿¶=
1-
ÐÊn¶=ÁDz°É¯VJª½=fUf»=K·®=cDª*Ê¢fn¶=¼³=ÄÉ·¢°FìÈËd¶=
@uÇJÈËd¶=Ç°·ì=Ð>=K·®=cCÆ *>¿=°É¯ÇÂf»~kɶÆ?ð=f
çÁC¸É®=cCÆ(>¿=°É¯Ç°·ìº¦Æ?ð>¯·ìºÐ>=ÁDz°É¯Á>²Ä¿º
PbVkɶÆ?ð>Mbs^n¶=ÁDz°É¯Á>²ÐÇuǶ=ÄÉ·¢GPb=
(¼³=¥ÇuǺÇÂËd¶=ÐÊn¶=°É¯ÇÂ>¿=°É¯VJª*>¿=°É¯ÇÂ
Á?Ê«³È¸Eð>»·jºÆ?ð=bÃJ
ÁdzÈÁ?>¿=°¯À»ÉªnÈ×´¶d¶Æ
ÁdzIÀÈd¶=ÁÇ»·j=¼ÂÀ»ÉªOVF¶=Á>²>¿ÂÀºÆ *ÐÊn¶>Eð>>¢ÁdzÈ
*>¿=°É¯O}ÇÂ>uf¶=η¢Í¶=a¼ÃJ£ÉE
¸r>ºÊÂÆÍɾ>N¶=Ͷ@j=>º? *ÆÙ=Ͷ@j=ÍÉU>¾Àº=dÂ
(¥=®=°Èa>¿qc>=Æ(Ëfj¶=¥=®×>EL>E>^J¾×=Ð=fQCÀº½>ÈÙ=ÅdÂ
e>ÉJ]×= Ð=aÙ Gɶ>i? Ä·² =d ÁDª (´¶c ¸²>m >ºÆ L=ÇqÙ= gfªÆ
¼³= >¿º ×Æ (Ê¢fn¶= ¼³= K ¸]bI × ´¶d¶Æ *Îuf¶>E
¹>£ª?ÀºKjɶ>þÙÄJ>£¼³=Ð>QËd¶=¥ÇuÇ=ÇÂËd¶=Ê¢fn¶=
>CÆ(>ÃÉ·¢Ê¢fn¶=¼³=±>Fì¾=η¢¹bȸɶaÀº>bE׶= a>F£¶=
H>ì]Ð>QËd¶=Ë?(Ķʢfn¶=¼³=Ð>QËd¶=bF£¶=¸£«¶Gɶ>i?ÊÂ
½>J¶=³»J¶=ÀºÍ¶>U>uf¶>EÍ«É·=Gr¾ÇÂÆ×?(ÄEð>¯·£Jº¥e>n¶=
=Æe>J Á? ¼Æ (Gɶ>iÙ= Åd =Æe>J Á? »·j»··ª *Ë?f¶= Ð=bEC Àº
Gr¾ zf«E ½>ɯ¶= Àº »·j= ³ C ËaÖÈ HÇ·i? Ë@ª *>¦
¸É¶a afÈ >º ÅÇ·»£JjÈ Á? »·j»·¶ gÇ (e>ÉJ]×=Æ >uf¶>E Í«É·=
°ªÆ×CËfتbF£¶=¸£ªHÇ·iÙ==dÂÁC¹>¯È×Æ*Äfη¢Ê¢fm
bF£¶=¸£ªÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È×(Ä»³Uη¢¹bȸɶaÀºbEتʢfm¼³U
Ä»³Uη¢¹bȸɶaÀºbE×ÆÊ¢fn¶=¼³=°ªÆËfÁ?GËd¶=
1.
!
" # $% &' ($% )* $% +,- .
/ # 0
# !
6 * .4 3* - 12
): ; # 0 &'
9
.
,7 #8.
BC DE
(<=>*
,7 #8. ?@ A < +/
): J
(<=7H IJ= 3 DK F= *E G 6
<.M %
/ (N O7P" <,Q* R
.L/
TU
6V" W* 3* XT 3 6@ A +/ * .!"
S7
IJ= YC 0@ Z' XT -[ *
O
/ \
6V" ] ^
_`C
/ IJ= 3 _a
(b G DC "
/
O
/ c
dL * .L/ ): J
( G DE
@ IJe ,@ Z' f!
/ )S@ f
0^% W*
9 * <=7H h[/ R
/) :$0V _. ]>g^@
+/ " h[/
c <8 g & m.L/
<8 g n7 f
.(Bk
0 !
( o= 3*
q ha 0V &J _ m.L/ p* ..
/ #
G $0^Q* <8 g &J@ & 07 " &- ^ 3*
.# q
r
I.Qt _ uK "
#s.@ & ; X
(c[ IJ= Z/ c[
c[ G 0^Q " ' m.L/ vw (<=7H _1J= 3J 9 *
.
n* m.L #s ; " X
..
IJ= . ; 7
#8 G ? # * . & I.Q1. m.L - 7 ( +L
.1 6 ^ m.L/ & V X
. x>% (17
ͪØ[^·¶ð>¿É£ºð>r^m¥fn¶=£È
x®>¿ÈÅb£EÍ«É·]ÁdzÈð>¿É£ºð>r^mÀäÉ¢U¹Çif¶=Á@E¹Ç¯¶=
ÀÈd¶= t>^mÙ= ÀäÉ¢ ½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢ ¹Çif¶= Á@E ¹Ç¯¶=Æ *Í£Èfn¶= tÇr¾
*½ØiÝ=tÇr¿¶Ív®>¿ºfN²?(ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈCÅb£EÐ>«·]ÁǾdzÈ
ÀºfÂ>ľDªÅb£E ͪØ[^·¶ð>r^m¢¹Çif¶=ÁDzÁØìE>º?
6ÅÇQÆÌb¢
¬Èf£I £È (s^n¶= É£I ÁÙ (Í£ÉF¶= ¤º x®>¿JÈ Ä¾C 6×ð Æ?
°FI ¼·ª (ð>ºÇ·£º Í«É·= ÁÇ³È ´¶dEÆ (¼ÃÉ·¢ Í«É·] ÁÇ³È Àº »·j=
ð>«·iÀäÉ¢=cDª(Í«É·=Gr¿¶Í¯Èfì¶=ÊÂÍ£ÉF¶=ÁÙ *Í£ÉF¶=¤ÈfnJ¶ÍQ>U
ÊÂÍ£ÉF¶=ÁC¹>¯È×Æ(¸£«¶>EGrà¾Ä¾Ù(ÄFr¾Í¯Èf{Á>ÉF¶ÍQ>U°FI
fºÙ=ʶÆ?ÆÍ«É·=Í¢>{η¢s¾¥fn¶=ÁÙ(Í«É·==dÍ¢>ì¶=Ð>ì¢C
»·j= Àº KF·{ Íî ¢>ì¶>ª (Í£ÉF¶= s¾ ¦ ÊÂÆ ÌN² Ïf]? tÇr¿E
>Âe>FJ¢=η¢×f]Að>F·{»·j=ÀºKF·{b¯ªÍ£ÉF¶=>º?(ð>fqð>F·{
b¯¢>þ?e>FJ¢=η¢KF·{>ÿ³¶Æ(Í¢>ì¶=ο£ºÀ»vJIK¾>²ÁCÆ(Í¢>{
Íi>Ñf¶=Ð>ì¢CÇÂ(>ÃɪLaeƶ=OÈa>UÙ=¤É>Â>¿£ºÆ(ͪØ[^·¶
=m>ª *Í¢>ì¶=>Â>¿£ºkɶÆ(Íi>Ñf¶==da>ɯ¾Ø¶a=b£Ji×=Æ(¤ßÈ>FàÈÀ
Í«É·] ÁdzÈÁ?£º s^n¶¹Çif¶=É£I x®>¿ÈÍ«É·=Gr¿¶Í£ÉF¶=
LÐ>QÍVÉVr¶=OÈa>UÙ=LÐ>Q¶=Í£ÉF¶=>«¶?Á?η¢ *Åb£EÀº
£IK¾>² ǶÆ(bÉ®Ë@EbäɯIÆͯ·ìºÆ(t>^m@Esr Æͺ>¢
L>º Àº 6>ë¶OÈa>UÙ>ª *ͯ·ìºÆͺ>¢K¾>² > ÀäÉ£º s^mÍ£ÉE
Á@E ¹Ç¯¶>ª ð>º>ºC ¤È>E ¸QeÆ (ð>º>ºC ¤È>E Àº (Í£ÉE į¿¢ kɶÆ
½Ç»¢ Ä·ìFÈÆ Äv¯¿È Åb£E Í«É·] ÁÇ³È £º s^m η¢ s¾ ¹Çif¶=
10
¤ºÍ«É·=Gr¾¢ÊÂÍ£ÉF¶=Á?£È=dÂÁC¹>¯È×Æ *>îØ{CÆÍ£ÉF¶=
¹>¯È×(¤È>FȼMð×Æ?Í«É·=Gr¿ÈÁ?bEت(Í£ÉF¶=¦Í«É·=Gr¾Á?
¹>¯È×Æ*ÄFr¾¢>þ?£È×Í«É·=Gr¿¶Í¯Èf{Í£ÉF¶=ÁDzÁÙ´¶c
ÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È×(¤È>FȼMÄFr¾f£ÈÆð×Æ?Í«É·=Gr¿ÈÁ?bE׾C
Ð>ì¢Caf
ÊÂÍ£ÉF¶=Á?Æ(Í«É·=Gr¿¶Ïf]?ͯÈf{µ>¿ÂÁ?£È=dÂ
(Í«É·^·¶Gr¿¶=ͯÈf{>þ?η¢¹bI>÷²Í£ÉF¶=OÈa>U?Á?¤º(Í¢>ì¶=
kÉ¶Æ L>º Àº 6½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢ ĶǮ f¾= *>¦ ͯÈf{ µ>¿Â KjɶÆ
×Æ(Í£ÉFE½>ºCĶGr¿ÈÆL>ºÀº£I>þ?Ífq>þDªÍ£ÉEį¿¢
=d ͣÉF¶= Á? η¢ ¹bÈ =dÂÆ *>ðº>ºC ¤ìÈ Æ L>º Àº >ð¯·ìº £I
ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç®f¾=Æ*>ÂbUÆÍ¢>ì¶=£I×ÆÍ«É·=Gr¾Í¯Èf{£IOÈb=
Grà¾=cCľ@EXÈfqľDª >»Ã¿ºßf]Û==Ç·J®>ªJ«É·¤ÈÇE=cC 6½Øj¶=
>þ? Ífq Í£ÉF¶= OÈa>U? ¤É =d³ÂÆ *>»Ã¿º f]Û= =Ç·J®>ª Á>J«É·]
×ƯªÍ¢>ì¶=£I×>þ?η¢¹bIÍ£ÉF¶=OÈa>U?Æ*Í«É·=Gr¾Í¯Èf{
Ç Ëd¶= >Â>¿£º ¤º (Í«É·] Gr¿È À a>ɯ¾×= £I >CÆ >ð¯·ìº Í¢>ì¶=
OÈbUË?U¹Çif¶=À¢XrÈľDª´¶c±ÇªÆ*Í«É·=Gr¾Í¯Èf{
*>ð¯·ìºÍ£ÉF¶=¦Í«É·=Gr¿¶Í¯Èf{FÈÍÈ=eaÆÍÈ=Æe
¥=h¾ÁdzÉiľ?η¢¹bI U¹Çif¶=ÀºOÈa>U?LaeÆ6>ðɾ>M
¹Çif¶=Àºs¾´¶>¿ÂÁ>²Ç·ª(>ÃÉ·¢°E>jIÆ(ͪØ[=η¢l>¿¶=E
ð>i>¾?Á?¹Çif¶=s¿¶Æ?(s¿¶=aÇQƤº¥=h¾µ>¿ÂÁ>²>s^mη¢
E ÁÇ³È ¥=h[¿¶= Á@E LÐ>Q tÇr¿¶= À³¶Æ *s^n¶= =d ÁÇ¢g>¿Éi
¥ÇuǺ ¼j=Æ ¥=h[¿¶= =d xª ͯÈf{ ÀäÉEÆ (¼Ãv£E ¤º l>¿¶=
Êìi=Ƕ=ÍçÉå̄ßEÀEGÂÆMbU6¹>®ÄVÉVq¼·jºÏÆeb¯ª *ͪØ[=
11
6¹>®Ëeb=bÉ£iÊE?À¢Ìfv¾ÊE?À¢ËfÈf==bF¢ÀEb¶>]>¿MbU
¼·jºÏÆeÆ >»Ã¿ºf]Û==Ç·J®>ªJ«É·¤ÈÇE=cC 6 U=¹Çie¹>®
°Vi= ¹>® ¼ÉÂ=fEC ÀE °Vi=Æ HfU ÀE Âg >¿MbU ¹>® ÄVÉVq
bF¢ À¢ GÂÆ ÀE bÈg À¢ o»¢Ù= À¢ fÈfQ >¿MbU Âg ¹>®Æ >¾]?
ÀEÆf»¢ÀE=bF¢=cDªbRj=K·]a6¹>®ÍF£³¶=HebF¢ÀEÀf¶=
ÄɶC Kj·Rª ¼ÃJÉI@ª ÄÉ·¢ ÁÇ£»J
l>¿¶=Æ ÍF£³¶= ¸ k¶>Q t>£¶=
Ëa>¿º Ïa>¾cC *** ×ð h[¿º >¿¶h[¿ª(f«i U =¹Çie¤º>¿² 6¹>¯ª
ľC 6¹>¯ª U=¹ÇieC>¿£»JQ>ªÍ£º>QÌØr¶= U=¹Çie
¼Âed¿ÈƼĻ·£È>º]η¢ÄJº?¹bÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢ð>¯UÁ>² ×CÊ·F®¾À³È
ÄF·® ÌfÆ ÅbÈ Í¯«q Å>ì¢@ª ð>º>ºC ¤È>E ÀºÆ 6¹>® Á? C ¼ Ä»·£È >º fm
¼·jºÏÆeÆ f]Û=°¿¢=ÇEfu>ªÄ¢g>¿Èf]AÐ>QÁDª¥>ìJi=ÁCÄ£ìÉ·ª
ÍF£m>¿MbUf«£QÀEb»>¿MbUe>nEÀEb»>¿MbU6¹>®ÄVÉVq
ÄJ£»jª¿ikÌfÈfÂ>E?Lb¢>®6¹>®½g>UÊE?À¢g=h¯¶=L=fªÀ¢
´·Â>»·²Ð>ÉF¾Ù=¼ÃiÇjI¸ÉÑ=fiCÇ¿EK¾>² 6¹>® U¿¶=À¢Pb
¹>®>¾fº@I>»ª6=Ƕ>®fN³JªÐ>«·]ÁdzJiÆËb£E¾×ľCƾī·]¾
ÀEÁ>»N¢MbU6¹>®ÄVÉVq¼·jºÏÆeÆ ¹ÆÙ>ª¹ÆÙ=Í£ÉFE=Ǫ
¹ÇieK£6¹>®ÍRªf¢À¢ÄÉE?À¢eÇ«£ÈÊE?ÀEk¾ÇÈ>¿MbUÍFÉmÊE?
°nÈ Á? bÈfÈ bU=Æ ¸Qe η¢ ¤É ¼²fº?Æ ¼²>I? Àº 6¹Ç¯È U =
¤É» °U ͪØ[= Á? Å>¿£º =dÂÆ ÅÇ·J®>ª ¼³J¢> ±f«È Æ? ¼²>r¢
£È ¹Çif¶= ÁDz x®>¿È =dÂÆ *>ÃÉ·¢ ¥g>¿È Á? bU=Æ ¸³¶Æ (»·j=
*Åb£EÍ«É·]ÁdzÈð>¿É£ºð>r^m
(Í«É·] ο£ ½>ºC Í»·² >Ãɪ LaeÆ ¶= OÈa>UÙ= ÁC 6>ðN¶>M
12
¶=¹@Eͪf£º>ºCLÐ>Q(ͪf£ºLaeÆUÆ(Ìf³¾Í»·³¶=ÅdÂLaeÆ
>Ãɪ LÐ>Q ¶= Í¿³ºÙ= Ê«ª *¤»= «·E ͪ>uÝ>E ͪf£º >ºCÆ k¿R·¶
Àº 6¹Ç¯È¹Çif¶>ªÍ·»=±>Éi¸É¶bEk¿R·¶¹?>ÃɪLÐ>Q(¹@Eͪf£º
½>ºÝ>ª 6¹Ç¯ÈÆ Í»Ñ? Ëb£E ÁÇ³È (fÑ>Q ½>ºC C ½>® (ð>º>ºC ¤È>E
Àº¸I>¯ÈÍ¿àQ½>ºÝ=>C (ÄJÉ¢eÀ¢¹ÆÖjºÇÂÆ¥=el>¿¶=η¢Ëd¶=
e=fm (¼³J»Ñ? e>É] (»·j= Í»ÑÙ 6¹Ç¯ÈÆ ÄE ίJàÈÆ ÄÑ=eÆ
ÆÍ«É·]ÁdzÈÀº¼ÃE? U¹Çif¶=Á?η¢¹bÈÄ·²=dÂÆ ¼³J»Ñ?
(ͪØ[^·¶ð>¿É£ºð>r^m£È¹Çif¶=Á?η¢ÄJ¶×aXÈfqÇÂÆ(Ä¿äÉ£È
LaeÆtÇr¿¶=x£EÁ?>ÃɶC¬Éu?=cCÆ*»·j=¤É»ð>¯U>÷£Q¸E
*£ºs^mͺ>ºCÊ«¾ð>r¾´¶cÁ>²(¤»=ͧÉrE
ÀÈd¶=t>^mÙ=η¢=Ç«·J]=¼ÃÉ·¢=Á=ÇueÍE>Vr¶=ÁC6>ð£E=e
t>^mÙ=η¢ØJ]×==dÂÆ *¼Ã¿ºÍ«É·] ÁdzÈÀº¼Ãº>È?=Ǿ>²
ÀÈd¶=t>^mÙ=ÀºÆ*ͪØ[^·¶ð>¿É£ºð>r^m£È¹Çif¶=Á?η¢¸É¶a
ÇE?6>»ÂÆ(¼ÃJªØ]η¢s¾¹Çif¶=ÁC¹>¯ÈÀÈd¶=t>^mÙ=(=Ç«·J]=
Àº >ðr¾ µ>¿Â Á@E ¼Ã¿º bU=Æ Ë? SJ ¼ÃªØJ]= ¤ºÆ *Ê·¢Æ f³E
s¾aÇQÇEð>ºÇ»¢ÍE>Vr¶=ÀºbU?SJÆ(ĶͪØ[=Á?η¢¹Çif¶=
Ë@E ¼ÃQ>RJU= ½b£ª (ÄE =ÇRJU× s¾ ´¶>¿Â Á>² Ç·ª (t>^m= η¢
bQÇÈľC¹>¯È×Æ*ͪØ[^·¶£ºs^mη¢s¾bQÇÈ׾?Å>¿£ºs¾
¼ÃªÍE>Vr¶=À¢Å>¾d]?>¿¿ÈaÁÙ(¼Âb£EÀºf¢Æ¼Ã§·FÈÀ³¶Æs¾
s¿¶=afȼ[¶=cDª *OÈb[=>¿¶=ÆÆeÀÈd¶=¼ÂÆ(ÁAf[¯¶=>¿É¶C=Ç·[¯¾ÀÈd¶=
¼Ã¿¢Ð>Q>»ª(ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÇE×ÆJ£È׾DªÍE>Vr¶=À¢)s¾Ë?)
η¢ s¿¶= Ͷ@jº Æ *Ñ>= zf¢ ÄE >¿Efu ¼Ã¿¢ L@È >ºÆ Å>¾d]?
13
f³E ÇE? ¼Ãɪ À Ð>¿NJi= ÁÆa ¼Ã£É ÍE>Vr¶= b (¹Çif¶= b£E Í«É·]
½b£¶(ͪØ[^·¶ÀäÉ£ºs^mη¢s¾Ë?aÇQƽb¢Î·¢¯«JºÊ·¢Æ
´¶c¹bª*Á>²Ç¶s¿¶=f²c ½Æh¶Æ¹Ç¯¶=Ê¢=ÆaaÇQƤº(´¶d¶¼Âf²c
s¿¶=f²c½b¢ÁC¹>¯È×Æ*ͪØ[^·¶>ðr^mÀäÉ¢¹Çif¶=ÁDzÁØìEη¢
½>³U?Àº¼³UÁ>»J²£È=dÂÁDª»·j= Í»·²¤Î·¢ð>qfUÁ>²
ÇÂÆ>»Éi×(ĶÍi>ºÍQ>=K¾>²Ëd¶= K®Ç¶=ħɷFI½b¢Æ(=
ÀºebrÈÁ?gÇ×>=ÀÈb¶Á>»J³¶==dÂÆ*»·j=eǺ?¼¢?Àºfº?
*=¹ÇieÍE>Vq
¬·^JjÈ U¹Çif¶=Á?η¢ÍfqtÇr¾LaeÆ6>ðjº>]
ÏÆeb¯ª*Åb£EÍ«É·]£ºs^mÁdzÈÁ?η¢s¿Èľ?ο£(ð=bU?
×? f»£¶ ¸É® 6¹>® (>»Ã¿¢ = Êue f»¢ ÀE = bF¢ À¢ Ëe>^F¶=
ÁCÆ(f³EÇE?º]ÇÂÀº¬·^Ji=b¯ª¬·^Ji=ÁC 6¹>® ; ¬·^JjI
f»¢ÀE=À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ* U=¹Çie(º]ÇÂÀºµfIb¯ªµfI?
ʾCÆÄ¿Èa «¸QÆh¢=ÁC 6¹>®Ä¿¢=ÊueH>ì=ÀEf»¢Á?
>E?ÁDª¬·^Ji?Á=Æ(¬·^JjÈ U =¹ÇieÁDª¬·^Ji=×ÀÒ¶
ÁC¹>¯È×Æ *¬·^JjȹÇif¶=Á?η¢s¾=dê *¬·^Ji=b®f³E
(=d²¸£«ÈÆ(=d²=¹Çie¸£ª6¹>®=cCÊE>Vr¶=ÁDª(f»£¶Ë?e=dÂ
×ÆÄESJð>NÈbU=dÂÁdzÈ(=d²ÅbâÁ>²Æ?(=d²Åbâ>¿²Æ?
Àº ¤»jºÆ Ï?fº η¢ ´¶c ¹>® f»¢ Á? η¢ *ÊE>Vq ¹Ç® ÁdzÈ
f»¢Î·¢f³¿È¼·ª¹Ç¯¶==dÂħ·EÆ(Á>²Ä¿¢=ÊueÊ·¢Æ(ÍE>Vr¶=
*f»¢Å=Æe>ºÎ·¢¼ÃJ¯ª=Ǻη¢¹bÈ>(f³¿º
£º s^m É£I η¢ £º s¾ aÆeÆ ¥>¿Jº= OÉU Àº =dÂ
14
η¢ð>r¾µ>¿ÂÁCÁǶǯÈÀº>ÂaeÆ?¶=tÇr¿¶=OÉUÀº>º?(ͪØ[^·¶
Ø^Ji=η¢Í¶×b·¶ÅÆaeÆ?>º>ÿº(tÇr¿¶=ÅdÂÁDª(£ºs^m
η¢ Ͷ×b·¶ ÅÆaeÆ? >º >ÿºÆ (Åb£E Í«É·] ÁÇ³È ÁÙ f³E ÊEÙ ¹Çif¶=
*>Ãɪ>ºÁ>ÉEÆ>Âa=fÈCÀºbE×Æ*Åb£EÍ«É·]ÁdzÈÁÙÊ·¢Ø^Ji=
>E? ¬·^Ji= ¹Çif¶= ÁC ÁÇ¶Ç¯È ÀÈd¶= >ÂaeÆ? ¶= tÇr¿¶= >º?
Ë? >Ãɪ kÉ¶Æ (f³E >E? >Ãɪ U ¹Çif¶= \bº ¼j® 6Á>»j® Êê f³E
Á? >ð{>F¿Ji= ¼Ãv£E >ÿº F¿Ji= ¼j®Æ *Ä«·^Ji= ľ= η¢ ¹bÈ ÐÊm
¼j¯¶=>º?*ͪØ[^·¶ÄVmeľ=ÁÆf]AF¿Ji=Æ*f³E>E?¬·^Ji=¹Çif¶=
(>Ãv£Ef²dE>ÿºð>QcÇaeǾ>¾Dª(f³E>E?¹Çif¶=Äɪ\bºËd¶=¹ÆÙ=
*\b=ο£ºÀ¢Tf×>÷²Æ
ÀºÁC 6¹>® U¿¶=Á?Ëeb=bÉ£iÊE?À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe
ÊEe¦ðØÉ·]ð=d^JºK¿²Ç¶Æ(f³E>E?Ķ>ºÆÄJFVqäÊ·¢l>¿¶=ëÀߺ?
×CH>EbRj=çÀßÉí̄áFßÈ×(ÄIaǺƽØiÝ=ÌÇ]?À³¶Æ(f³E>E?Ld×
Åd¦>«¶@Eð>vÈ?¼·jºOÈb==dÂÏÆeb®Æ*f³EÊE?H>E×C(äbài
ľ=¹Ç¯ÈÐf=¸£ÄɪÐÊm×OÈb==dÂÆ *>ÿºÍFÈf®>ÿ³¶Æ(>«¶Ù=
¹Çif¶=Æ*¹Çif¶=Àºf³EÊEÙ\bºÄ¾=Äɪ>º¸²Æ(f³EÊEÙØ^Ji=
f»¢\bºOÈa>U?LaeÆb¯ª *¼ÃÑ>@EÍE>Vr¶= Àºð=N²\bº U
\=f=ÀEÌbÉF¢ÊE?ÆEh¶=ÆÍV·{Æt>®ÆÊE?ÀEb£iÆÊ·¢ÆÁ>»N¢Æ
=bF¢ÆbÈgÀEͺ>i?ÆÍMe>UÀEbÈgÆ(¼Ã¿¢=Êuej=ÆÀj=Æ
¹ØEÆÍ»·i½?Æ ½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¿¶=K¿EÍ»{>ªÆÍnÑ>¢ÆÍb]Æf«£QÀE=
*ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÇE×ÆØ^Ji×=η¢¹bÈ×\b=afR»ª*¼Â¦Æ
Í£Ee?>þDª(f³EÊE?ͪØ]¼Ãv£E>ÿºF¿Ji=¶=OÈa>UÙ=>º?
15
6ÊÂOÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÆ*>ÿº¸²>ºF¾Æ>ÂaeǾOÈa>U?
ÊueÍnÑ>¢K¶>® 6¹>®b»ÀE¼i>¯¶=À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe6×ð Æ?
´¶f«§Ji@ªÊU>¾?ÆÁ>²Ç¶µ=c ( U =¹Çie¹>¯ª *Å>i?e=Æ6>ÿ¢=
Á>²Ç¶Æ(ÊIǺG´¿ÙʾC=Æ(Å>ßÉå·ï³à[M=Æ6ÍnÑ>¢K¶>¯ª(´¶Ç¢a?Æ
>¾? ¸E 6 U ¿¶= ¹>¯ª 7´Q=Æg? x£FE ð>if£º ´ºÇÈ f]A K··¶ µ=c
¹Ç¯ÈÁ?bâ@ªÄ¿E=Æf³EÊE?C¸ie?Á?Lae?Æ?K»»Âb¯¶(Å>i?e=Æ
ÎE@ÈÆ=¤ªbÈÆ?(ÁÇ¿ºÖ=¤ªbÈÆ=ÎE@ÈK·®¼M(ÁÇ¿»J=ο»JÈÆ?ÁÇ·Ñ>¯¶=
¹Çieʶ¹>®6K¶>® «·EÍnÑ>¢À¢OÈb==d¼·jºÏÆeÆ*ÁÇ¿ºÖ=
ʾDª(ð>E>J²GJ²?ÎJUµ>]?Ƶ>E?f³E>E?ʶʢa= 6Äufº U=
*f³E>E?ò×CÁÇ¿ºÖ=Æ=ÎE@ÈÆ(Æ?>¾?¸Ñ>®¹Ç¯ÈÆÀ»JºÎ¿»JÈÁ?>]?
6¹>® ÄÉE? À¢ ¼£ìº ÀE FQ ÀE b» À¢ Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆe 6>ðɾ>M
¹Çie>ÈK¶>®(ÄɶC¤QfIÁ?>Âfº@ª(ÐÊmÄJ»·³ªÌ?fº=U¿¶=KI?
ÊI@ªÈbÁC6¹>® ) LÇ=bÈfI>þ@² )µbQ?ÆKÒQÁCKÈ?e?=
ÄÉE?À¢¼£ìºÀEFQÀEb»À¢OÈb==d¼·jºÏÆeÆ f³E>E?
6K¶>¯ª(ÄɶC¤QfIÁ?>Âfº@ª(ð>ÒÉm U =¹ÇieK¶@iÌ?fº=ÁC 6 «·E
¹>® ) LÇ=£I>þ@²ÊE?¹>® )µbQ?¼·ªKÒQÁCKÈ?e==¹Çie>È
*f³E>E?ÊI@ªÈbÁDª
U = ¹Çie Á? 6¿ºÖ= ½? ÍnÑ>¢ À¢ Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆe 6>ðN¶>M
=cCf³E>E?ÁCK·®6ÍnÑ>¢K¶>®(l>¿¶>EÊ·rÈf³E>E?=ÆfºÄufº¹>®
f³E>E?=Æfº¹>¯ª(ó¸rÉ·ªf»¢áf໪Ð>³F¶=Àºl>¿¶=¤»jÈ´º>¯º½>®
½>® =cC f³E >E? ÁC ʶǮ Ír« K·¯ª 6ÍnÑ>¢ K¶>¯ª *l>¿¶>E ¸rÉ·ª
GU=ÇqÀ³¾C6 U=¹Çie¹>¯ª(Ír«UK·£«ª(l>¿¶=¤»jÈ´º>¯º
2,
GÉqÙK¿²>º6ÍnÑ>£¶Ír«UK¶>¯ª(l>¿¶>E¸rÉ·ªf³E>E? =Æfº(¬iÇÈ
*ð=]´¿º
K·ÒiÆÍnÑ>¢K£ 6¹>®Í³É·ºÊE?ÀE=À¢¼·jºÏÆe6>ð£E=e
¼M6>¸É¯ª(f³EÇE?6K¶>® ; Ä«·^Ji=Ƕð>«·^Jjº U =¹ÇieÁ>²Àº
ÀE ÌbÉF¢ÇE?6K¶>® ; f»¢b£EÀº>¸É®¼M *f»¢K¶>® ; f³EÊE?b£EÀº
*=dÂCKÃJ¾=¼M*\=f=
ÊEÙ¹Çif¶=Ø^Ji=η¢ðØɶaX·rI×>÷²OÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÆ
K»»Â 6¹Ç¯È¹Çif¶=Á?>»ÂbU?(FFj¶aª¹ÆÙ=OÈb=>º? *f³E
Ä·£ªÆ¹Çif¶=¹Ç®Ç¸ɶb¶=ÁÙðØɶaÁdzÈت(¸£«ÈÄ¿³¶ÆLae?Æ
ÊÂÍnÑ>¢Á?>»Ãɾ>MÆ *>ðÉ¢fmðØɶaJ£Èت´¶c=b¢>º>º?(ÄIdziÆ
ÄESJU×Æf³EÇE?Ä»·£¶ð=aÇQǺ OÈb==dÂÁ>²Ç¶Æ(f³EÊE?K¿E
*¼Ã¿º Í«É·] Í£ÉF¶ =Ç£»JQ= U e>r¾Ù= o®>¿È ͫɯj¶= C GÂc U
*f³EÊE?Ø^Ji=η¢ðØɶaX·rÈ×ÆaÆafºOÈb==dÂÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ
Ì?f=ÁÙ(f³EÊE?Ø^Ji=η¢¹bÈتʾ>N¶=OÈb=>º?Æ
Æ?(L=Æh§¶=ÀºÌÆh¦ÄE>ɧ¶Åb×>þ?±brɪ(µbQ?Æ6K¶>®
Æ>Ç®ÀºbÈfI>þ?η¢¹bÈ>ºÄɪbQÇÈ×Æ(ÁÆÖn¶=ÀºÁ@mË?
$LÇ=bÈfI>þ@²%ĶǮÀºOÈb=Ð>Q>ºÆ*K ç ºb®ÁdzIÁ@EµbQ?
ÆLÐ>Q=cCf³EÊEÙGÂdIÁ?>¹Çif¶=fº@ª*Ķ¼ÃªÆF¹Ç®ÇÂ
η¢ *¹Çif¶=b£E ͪØ[=f³EÊE?Ø^Ji=η¢ÄɪͶ×a×(Åb
f³E>E?¢¹Ç¯¶==dľ?£È×´¶d²Ä¾DªLÇ=bÈfI>þ?zfªÇ¶Ä¾?
kɶ ÌØr¶= Ø^Ji= Çê O¶>N¶= OÈb= >º?Æ *Åb£E Í«É·] Ádzɶ
>º?Æ *¼³= Ø^Ji×= η¢ ¹bÈ × ÌØr¶= Ø^Ji×=Æ (¦
2-
ÇÂÆ(¼¼ÃªÇÂ(>¾>ɾafºÙÅ>uf¾Øª?(>¿¿ÈafºÙ=¹ÇieÄÉue¼Ç®
Àº¸²kÉ·ª*¼³=EÆÌØr¶=Eð>£i>mð>®fª´¶>¿ÂÁÙ(Ó{>]¼Ãª
Á?η¢*¼³=ð>º>ºCÁdzÈÁÙX·rÈÌØr¶=ð>º>ºCÁdzÈÁÙX·rÈ
>¦ η¢ ¸» Á? XrÈ ×Æ (>¦ ¸»nÈ Øª (ÌØr¶>E t>] s¿¶=
*s¿¶=ÍÉqÇr
¹Çif¶=Cb¿jÈľÙ(ð>NÈbUJ£È׾Dª¤E=f¶=OÈb=>º?Æ
ðØɶa J£È ×Æ ÄE SJ × ÍE>Vr¶= Ë?eÆ *ÍnÑ>£¶ Ë?e Ç >CÆ (ÐÊnE
*ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=Ķͻɮ×ÆOÈb}kɶľÙafÈ´¶d¶Æ(ð>É¢fm
ÊE?Ø^Ji>EÁǶǯÈÀÈd¶=>ÂaeÆ?¶=OÈa>UÙ=OÉUÀº=dÂ
ð>É·¢ ¬·^Ji= ¹Çif¶= Á? ÁÇ¶Ç¯È ÀÈd¶= >ÂaeÆ? ¶= OÈa>UÙ= >º? *f³E
¼j®Æ(Ä¿¢=Êueð>É·¢>¾bÉi¹Çif¶=Äɪ\bº¼j®6½>j®?ÍMØMÊê
>ÃɪaeƼj®Æ(ð>É·¢¬·^Ji=¹Çif¶=Á?ð>{>F¿Ji=¼Ãv£E>ÿºF¿Ji=
*>ðÉ·¢¬·^Ji=¹Çif¶=Á?XÈfqs¾RJ=b¿¢
ð>QcÇ aeǾ >¾Dª (ð>É·¢ ¹Çif¶= Äɪ \bº Ëd¶= ¹ÆÙ= ¼j¯¶= >º?
*\b=ο£ºÀ¢Tf×Ê®>F¶=Æ(OÈa>UÙ=x£Ef²dE>ÿº
=¹ÇieÁ? 6Ä¿¢=Êueb£iÀE¸ÃiÀ¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe
l>¿¶= L>Fª 6¹>® (ÄÈbÈ Î·¢ = XJ«È ðØQe ð=b¦ ÍÈ=f¶= ì¢Ù 6¹>® U
U = ¹Çie η¢ =Æb¦ l>¿¶= XFq? >»·ª *>Â>ì£È ¼ÃÈ? ¼ÃJ·É¶ ÁDzÆbÈ
>ÈÄɿɢʳJnÈ=Ƕ>¯ª; G¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢ÀÈ?6¹>¯ª(>Â>ì£ÈÁ?ÇQfȼ÷²
?ªÄ¶>¢aÆÄÉ¿É¢°rEÐ>Q>»·ª(ÄEʾÇI@ªÄɶC=Ç·ie@ª¹>®(=¹Çie
ÊE?À¢OÈb==d¼·jºÏÆeÆ*ÍÈ=f¶=Å>ì¢@ª¤QÆÄEÀ³ÈÁ@²ÎJU
ðØQe ÍÈ=f¶= Åd ì¢Ù 6É] ½ÇÈ ¹>® U = ¹Çie Á? 6 «·EÌfÈfÂ
2.
KFFU? >º 6H>ì= ÀE f»¢ ¹>® *ÄÈbÈ Î·¢ = XJ«È (ĶÇieÆ = G
=¹Çie>¢bª6¹>®(>΢a?Á?Ð>Qe>LeÆ>jJª¹>® *dÒºÇÈò×CÌe>ºÝ=
Ê·¢G®>¿ºH>EËe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ*>Â>ÈCÅ>ì¢@ªG¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢U
À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ*´¿º>¾?ƺK¾? 6Ê·£¶U¿¶=¹>®Ä¿¢=Êue
Á>É«i ÊE? ÀE ÍÈÆ>£º fçº? 6¹>® (ÄÉE? À¢ t>®Æ ÊE? ÀE b£i ÀE fº>¢
À>®ð>MØMLf²c>º>º?6¹>¯ª; H=¶=>E?GjIÁ?´£¿º>º¹>¯ª(ð=b£i
fÀºCGU?ÀÿºÌbU=ÆʶÁdzIÁÙ(ÄFi?À·ªU=¹ÇieĶ
=¹Çie>ÈÊ·¢Ä¶¹>¯ª(ÄÈg>§ºx£E U=¹ÇieÄ«ò·]b®¼£¿¶=
ÁdzIÁ?ÎufI>º? 6 U=¹ÇieĶ¹>¯ª; Á>ÉFr¶=ÆÐ>j¿¶=¤ºJ«·]
6É]½ÇȹǯÈÄJ£Æ(Ëb£EÌÇF¾×ľ=ò×C(ÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿º
>>¿¶Æ>ìJª6¹>® *ĶÇieÆ=ÄFÆĶÇieÆ=GðØQeÍÈ=f¶=ì¢Ù
XJ«ª(ÄɶCÍÈ=f¶=¤ªaÆÄÉ¿É¢°rFª(ð=bºe?ÄEÎI@ª(ð>É·¢Ê¶=Ç¢a?6¹>¯ª
>¢a> ×ÅXÄV<×U XTW5XÄV<×U ÅÍÕiW5×SV\ÈV"×#ÁVÙ @6ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂK¶h¾>Æ*ÄÉ·¢=
*Ê·Â?Ð×Ö¼÷¶= 6¹>¯ªð>¿ÉjUÆð>¿jUÆÍ»{>ªÆð>É·¢ U=¹Çie
¹A Àº ¸Qe Í¿Èb= η¢ ¸»£Ji= 6¹>® b£i ÀE ¸Ãi À¢ ¼·jº ÏÆeÆ
¹>¯ª(¸ÃiÎE@ª¹>®(ð>É·¢¼JnÈÁ?Åfº@ª(b£iÀE¸Ãi>¢bª¹>®(Á=Æfº
GU?¼i=Ê·£¶Á>²>º6¸Ãi¹>¯ª(H=¶=>E?=À£¶¸¯ªKÉE?=cC>º?Ķ
ÄJr®À¢>¾]?Ķ¹>¯ª *>ÃEÊ¢a =cC\f«É¶Á>²ÁCÆH=¶=ÊE?ÀºÄɶC
ð>É·¢b¼·ª(Í»{>ªKÉE U=¹ÇieÐ>Q6¹>®H=fI>E?Ê
Tf^ªFu>§ªÐÊmÄ¿ÉEÆÉEÁ>²K¶>¯ª ; ´»¢ÀE=ÀÈ? 6¹>¯ªKÉF¶=
>È6¹>¯ªÐ>Rª Ç ÀÈ? f¾= 6Á>j¾Ý =¹Çie¹>¯ª *Ëb¿¢¸å̄ȼ·ª
b®¤RìvºÇÂÆ U=¹ÇieÅÐ>Rª *b®=ebRj=ÇÂ=¹Çie
2/
!
$% &' ()* +## .«
» :"#
» :2) / :/ 01 ,-
3"45 67
.«
"# $%&' # () "# $* # + ", !
89); <=" <- >9) ?)@A
B <C " D
E F 79
D2 G
$ -» :2)B
B /# .>9)
B 9
H'* I9; 3"'
.'
+/01 + 231 » :9
' 3"'4# .2)B
B * H'* «.
* JKB (B L 9) MN=B O9# «27/ ( +8 564 $
ST
# >9) <- 9
# H'* R# I9; 3"'4 9
# .PQE 6R 3"4-
B# .H'* ' 7 3"'4# H'* R# )R- >94# >4#
Z@[B
B H'*# .WB * XY H'* >9) U'9 H'* SV
.\B * \ G#
N@A ]) '" G
<- (7^ 7* _A `B 2R# 3"45 * JKB (B *-
- L Z)@A ab
' 89); 2) <=" <- ]) ZU
B
:2R cWU
9/7: +» :9- ' fW* &@_B +# e d
#L 9
K F +?G H $IJ :9=
>?@ AB7 C/1 D ;<
.« M? "# K 27/ ( +8 564 $ +/01 + 231
/ :/ 9- c/# ,- '
* ()* +##
+## .« # "# 27/ ( +8 564 $ -» :2)B
:2)B gB / :/ 9- ' (9R
C ()*# &@_B
:/ h +## .«27/ ( +8 564 $ +/01 + 231 »
Åfº?Æ(Ä·Â?η¢ÄÉ·¢=Á=ÇueG¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢U=¹Çie¬·]
(Ä¿ºð>««Æð×>¯NJi=ò×CÄ«·]>º6=Ƕ>®Æ(Áǯª>¿=ÄE¬Qe@ª¼Ãɪͺ>®Ý>E
¼MÄUØiÄÉ·¢=Á=ÇueG¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢d]?Áǯª>¿=´¶c¹>®>»·ª
¼¢g(=¾>È6¹>¯ªf>E¹g>¾ÇÂÆ U=¹ÇieÎI?ÎJUTf]
¿³¶Æ(=ÇEd² 6¹>¯ªºK««ÆJ·¯NJi=´¾?J«·]>C´¾?Áǯª>¿=
Ê·¢>ÈÎufIت?(´·Â?ÆÊ·Â?«·]>ª¤Qe>ªÊÑ=eÆK²fI>´J«·]
CÊ·¢¤Qfª Ëb£E¾×ľ?ò×CÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿ºÁdzIÁ?
fmj=bF¢bÉj¶=f²cÆ *Åf«iη¢ U=¹ÇieÎvºÆÍ¿Èb=
= bF¢ ÀE fE>Q OÈbU Är¾ >º WL>£Q=f=Y H>J² ËÇiÇ= ÀÈb¶=
´¾CÆʶ¸>ºbRj=´¶ ¸Ä¾CÊ·¢>È 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®
*Ëb£E¾×ľ?ò×CÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿º
ÀErUÆ>¾?K¯·ì¾=¹>®Á>ÉUÀEbÈhÈÀ¢¼·jºÏÆe ) .
b¯¶6rUĶ¹>®ÄɶC>¿j·Q>»·ª(¼®e?ÀEbÈgC¼·jºÀEf»¢ÆÌi
LÆh¦ÆÄNÈbUK£Æ ( U=¹ÇieKÈ?e(ð=N²ð=]bÈg>ÈKɯ¶
K£>ºbÈg>È>¿MbU(ð=N²ð=]bÈg>ÈKɯ¶b¯¶(Ä«·]KÉ·qÆÄ£º
Ëbâ½b®ÆiL²b¯¶=Æ(Ê]?ÀE=>È6¹>® U=¹ÇieÀº
(=Ç·F®>ª¼³JMbU>»ª ( U=¹ÇieÀºÊ¢?K¿²Ëd¶=x£EKÉj¾Æ
΢bÈÐ>ð>FÉì]>¿Éªð>ºÇÈU=¹Çie½>®6¹>®¼M*Äɾǫ·³Iت×>ºÆ
b£E>º? 6¹>®¼Mf²cÆ ¢ÆÆÄÉ·¢Î¿M?Æ=b»Vª(Í¿Èb=ÆͳºEð>
¼³Éªµe>I>¾?ÆGÉQ@ªÊEe¹ÇieÊI@ÈÁ?´mÇÈfnE>¾?>Dªl>¿¶=>ÃÈ?×?
*ÄE=dzj»Ji=Æ=H>J³E=Æd^ªeÇ¿¶=ÆÏb=Äɪ=H>J²>»Æ?(·¯M
(ÉE¸Â?=¼²f²c?ÉE¸Â?Æ6¹>®¼MÄɪG¦eÆ=H>J²Î·¢OVª
21
ÀºÆ6rUĶ¹>¯ª *ÉE¸Â?=¼²f²c?(ÉE¸Â?=¼²f²c?
(ÄJÉE ¸Â? Àº ÅÕ>j¾ 6¹>® ; ÄJÉE ¸Â? Àº ÅÕ>j¾ kɶ? ; bÈg >È ÄJÉE ¸Â?
Ê·¢¹A¼Â6¹>® ; ¼ÂÀºÆ6¹>® *Åb£EÍ®br¶=½ófUà ÀºÄJÉE¸Â?À³¶Æ
6¹>® ; Í®br¶= ½ófUà Ð×Ö ¸² 6¹>® *l>F¢ ¹AÆ f«£Q ¹AÆ ¸É¯¢ ¹AÆ
=d WL>£Q=f=Y ÄE>J² ÀÈb¶= fm j= bF¢ bÉj¶= f²cÆ *¼£¾
ÀEbÈgÀ¢ÄJVqη¢¤»
b¿jEʾ=ì¶=Tf]?ÍÉIÛ=ÍÈ=Æf¶>EOÈb=
>ÃÈ? 6¹>¯ªL=fRmK(¼]fÈb§E U=¹ÇieGì] 6¹>®¼®e?
¼J¾? =c>»ª (ÁǶÆÖjº ¼³¾CÆ ¹ÆÖjº ʾCÆ GÉQ@ª ΢a? Á? ´mÇÈ l>¿¶=
*ð=] = µ=hRª (KVr¾Æ LbÂ>QÆ K§·E b® ´¾? bÃn¾ =Ƕ>® ; ÁÇ·Ñ>®
ÄJ¿QÁ?Æ(ĶÇieÆÅbF¢ð=b»Á?Æ=×CĶC×Á?ÁÆbÃnIkɶ?6¹>¯ª
Í¢>j¶=Á?Æ(LÇ=b£E°UO£F¶=Á?Æ°ULÇ=Á?Æ(°UÅe>¾Á?Æ°U
¹>® *´¶dEbÃn¾Î·E=Ƕ>® ; eÇF¯¶=ÀºO£FÈ=Á?Æ>ÃɪGÈe×ÍÉIA
Æ?>¾?Æ(¿ºÖ=Ǻ>¾?Æ(Ë×Ǻ=ÁCl>¿¶=>ÃÈ?>È6¹>®¼M*bÃm?¼Ã·¶=
Àºó¹=Ƽ÷¶= ) ð>É·¢£È )Å×Ǻ=dêÅ×ǺK¿²Àº(¼Ãj«¾?Àº¼ÃE
äÊ·¢ÁÆae=Ƽ³¾CƼ³{ßfíªÊ¾Cl>¿¶=>ÃÈ?>È6¹>®¼M*Å=a>¢Àºa>¢Æ(Å×=Æ
Àº\=b®(½ÇR¿¶=ab¢Äɪ(Ð>£¿qCÏfràEE>ºzf¢?zÇU(zÇ=
¸¯N¶=>»Ãɪʾǫ·¬É²·¯N¶=À¢äÊ·¢ÁÆafIU¼³·Ñ>iʾCÆ(Ív«¶=
¼³ÈbÈ@E Īf{Æ >£I = bÉE Īf{ GFi (¸QÆ h¢ = H>J² ²Ù=
¬Éì·¶=ʾ@F¾b®Ä¾DªÉE¸Â?ÊI¢Æ(=ǶbFI×Æ=Ç·vI×ÄE=dzj»Ji>ª
bF¢bÉj¶=Åf²c>ºÎÃJ¾= *zÇ=çÊ·¢=afÈÎJU>Év¯¿ÈÀ¶>»Ã¾?F=
Ê«R¿¶= ɺÙ= b? j= bF¢ _Én¶= ¹>®Æ *ÀÈb¶= fm j=
fr¾=Æ ) U¿¶=Ë? )iji>¿ºÎv®>»·ª 6Är¾>ºWfÈb§¶=YÄE>J²
22
fÈb¦C¸qÆÆL=eDzd=¥Ç»=ÀºÁ>²ÀºÄ£ºÆÍ¿Èb=Cð>£Q=e
´¶cÆÉ®=f£¶=ÆÈfr=Æɾb=±f{>ÃɪG£nJI¶=Í«V=Àº¼]
= À¢ ºÙ= ¸ÉÑ=Q ÄɶC ¹h¾ ÍR= Ëc Àº fn¢ Àº>N¶= kÉ»= ½ÇÈ
¼É¯ÈÁ?Åfº?Æ*ÍÈÛ=> \¯PqC°%\ÙkV¯W$®s5Ê W%Ö×°M WÄ$SÀymSM{iU
Wc @6ĶǯE
¸² η¢ Í¢>ì¶= zfªÆ ÍÈ×Ƕ= Àº Äɪ ¹h¾ >º ¼Ã§·FÈÆ l>¿·¶ >ð»·¢ >ðÉ·¢
½b¯IÀºafàÈÁ?=¹Çiefº@ª(Í«V=Àºð>FÈf®½Ç¯¶=¸Ñ=Æ?Á>²Æ(bU?
k L=f À¢ ÎÃ¾Æ (Á>³= ´¶c ¼Ã¿¢ f]@I Àº kFÆ (¼Ã¿º
½Ç¯¶= d]? =cC ÎJU *bU? ÀÃJ ¹h[¿È × Á? ½>¢ L>UÆa L>Ee>¯Jº
ηrªÀÃɶCb»¢fö=ÌØqÌØr¶>EËaǾ=cCÎJUÀÃJ>ºä¼¯ª¼g>¿º
Äv£EÆÄi?eη¢ÄÑ=aex£E¸Qf¶=¤vÈð=fQ>Âð>ºÇÈÁ>²Æ(ÀÃJl>¿¶>E
ÀºÌfÌfRmη¢HÇNE=¹Çif¶¸ò·î Æ(Ð>vºf¶=ÌbmÀºÄɺb®K
H>J®? η¢½Ç¯¶=iÆð>FÉì]½>®ÄIØqÀº Ufr¾=>»·ª(k»n¶=
ÄE ÀºÖ¾Æ Ä¿É£Jj¾Æ = b»= 6¹>¯ª ÄI¯¢ >ð£ª=e ¤É»= ¤?Æ ¸EÝ=
× Ëd¶= (>¿¶>»¢? L>ÒÉi ÀºÆ (>¿j«¾? eÆfm Àº >E cÇ£¾Æ (ÄÉ·¢ ¸²ÇJ¾Æ
ÅbF¢ð=b»Á?Æ=×CĶC×Á?bÃm?Æ(ÏbÂÀ¸vº×Æ(¸uÀËa>Â
¸Nº×C¾f»£Èľ?F=¬Éì·¶=ʾ@F¾b®l>¿¶=>ÃÈ?6b£E>º?(ĶÇieÆ
¼J¾?Æ ¹ÆÖjº ʾ?Æ (GÉQ@ª ΢a? Á? ´mÆ? ʾCÆ (Ä·F® Ëd¶= f»¢ ¬r¾
LbÃQÆKVr¾ÆK§·Eb®´¾?bÃn¾ 6=Ƕ>® ; ÁÇ·Ñ>®¼J¾?=c>»ªÁǶÆÖjº
ÅbF¢ ð=b» Á?Æ = ×C ĶC × Á? ÁÆbÃnI ¼Jj¶? 6¹>® *ð=] = µ=hRª
GÈe×ÍÉIAÍ¢>j¶=Á?Æ(°ULÇ=Á?Æ(°UÅe>¾Æ°UÄJ¿QÁ?Æ(ĶÇieÆ
*bÃm=¼Ã·¶=6¹>®*´¶dEbÃn¾Î·E6=Ƕ>®; eÇF¯¶=ÀºO£FÈ=Á?Æ(>Ãɪ
zÇ= η¢ fíª Ê¾Dª 6¹>® *¼£¾ 6=Ƕ>® ; ÁÇ£»jI ×? l>¿¶= >ÃÈ? 6¹>® ¼M
23
ab¢\=b®?ÄɪÏfrEÆÐ>£¿qE>ºÄuf¢ÁCÆ(zÇ=äÊ·¢ÁÆae=ƼJ¾?Æ
>ÈÁدN¶=>ºÆ(a>¿ºÏa>¿ª(·¯N¶=ʾǫ·¬É²=Æf¾>ªÍvªÀº½ÇR¿¶=
f{Æ (¸QÆ h¢= bÉE f{ (= H>J² ²Ù= ¸¯N¶= 6¹>® ; = ¹Çie
F= ¬Éì·¶= ÁCÆ (ÊI¢ f§qÙ= f]Û=Æ (=Ç·vI × ÄE =dzj»Jª ¼³ÈbÈ@E
ت (ÊEe >» ´¶c K¶@jª (zÇ= Ê·¢ =afÈ ÎJU >®f«JÈ À¶ >»Ã¾? ʾ@F¾
ÎJU>ãªfªÊ·¢bÉEd]?¼M(=dz·ÃJª>»Ã¿¢=Æfr¯I×Æ=dz·ÃJª>»ÂǺb¯I
l>¿¶= Æ? Àº l>¿¶= >ÃÈ? 6¹>¯ª ÁÇ£? ½Ç¯¶= Īf¢Æ >»Ã{>EA z>ÉE ËÕe
Ǻ>¾?Æ(Ë×Ǻ=ÁC6¹>®(¼·¢?ĶÇieÆ==Ƕ>® ; ¼Ãj«¾?Àº¿ºÖ>E
PØM>ǯÈ(Å×Ǻʷ£ªÅ×ǺK¿²À»ª¼Ãj«¾?Àº¼ÃEÆ?>¾?Æ(¿ºÖ=
Å×=ÆÀº¹=Ƽ÷¶=6¹>®¼M (L=fº¤Ee?Í·E>¿=½>ºCb? «¶Æ(L=fº
(Åfr¾ Àº fr¾=Æ Äv§E? Àº x§E?Æ (ÄçFU? Àº G ä U?Æ (Å=a>¢ Àº a>¢Æ
*GÑ>§¶=bÂ>n¶=¨·FÉ·ª×?(e=aOÉUÄ£º°=ea?Æ(Ķd]Àº¹d]=Æ
ÁÆÆfÈ(ͪØ[^·¶Ê·¢Î·¢s¾¹Çif¶=ÁCÁǶǯÈÀº ) /
¥ÇuǺ >Ãɪ OVF¶= ¸ ¸£ × OÈa>UÙ= ÅdÂÆ *OÈa>U? ¼ÃFJ²
Àº ÍÈÆfº KjÉ¶Æ (¼·jºÆ Ëe>^F¶= Á>^Én¶= >ÂÆfÈ Ä¾? ¤º (>ÃJÈ=Æe
OVF¶= ¸ ¸£ × (Í¢ÇuÇ= OÈa>UÙ= Àº >ÂfN²?Æ (L>¯N¶= °Èf{
L>¯N¶= >ÂÆfÈ OÈa>UÙ= Åd ÁC =Ç¶Ç¯È × ÎJU (>ÃJÈ=Æe ¥ÇuǺ
SJÁ?ĶOÈb= Åb¿¢XqÀºÁCÆ(>¾b¿¢L>¯N¶=>Â=Æeb®Æ(¼²b¿¢
>Ãj«¾tÇr¿¶=OVF¶=¸¸£>CÆ(O}¤uǺ´¶c¸£×¼£¾(ÄE
¹Çif¶=Á?>ÿºÁÇìF¿Jjȶ=tÇr¿¶=Åd *¼ÃI>È=ÆeLaeÆ>»FjU
OÈa>U?>þǻjàÈOÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÆ(Åb£EÀºÍ«É·]Ádzɶð>É·¢¬·^Ji=b®
*>«¶Ù=k«¾¸Eο£=k«¾ÇÂÊ®>F¶=Æ>ÿºð>»j®aeǾ(ÍÈ×Ƕ=
24
U=¹Ç[ieÁ?l>F¢ÀE=À¢Êj¶>Éì¶=aÆ=aÇE?Tf]? )?
*Ëb£EÀºÖº¸²Ê¶ÆK¾? 6G¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·£¶¹>®
O£E6¹>®cCrUÀEÁ=f»¢À¢¹>»£¶= h[¿²Ð>QÆ )H
Äj«¿¶Î«ìq>ª(G¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢¼ÃÉ·¢¸»£Ji=ÆÍÈfi U=¹Çie
CÄJÈ>³mη¢¼Ã¿º¤Ee?b®>£IÆ(ÄÉ·¢´¶c=Æf³¾@ª(ÍÈe>Qk»=Àº
ð>É·¢Á?fI?(=¹Çie>È6¹>¯ªÍ£EeÙ=bU?½>®=Ǻb®>»·ª ( U¿¶=
*Ä¿¢zf¢@ª(´¶c¸Nº¹>¯ªÊ¾>N¶=½>®Æ *Ä¿¢zf¢@ª(=d²Æ=d²¤¿q
¸Nº¹>¯ª¤E=f¶=½>®Æ *Ä¿¢zf¢@ª(Å>FU>q¹>®>º¸Nº¹>¯ªO¶>N¶=½>®Æ
>º 6¹>¯ªÄÃQÆfrFÈGv§¶=Æ U=¹Çie¼ÃÉ·¢¸F®@ª(=Ƕ>®>º
*Ëb£EÀºÖº¸²Ê¶ÆÇÂÆ(Ä¿º>¾?ƺð>É·¢ÁC; Ê·¢ÀºÁÆbÈfI
6¹>®l>F¢ÀE=À¢ÁǻɺÀEÆf»¢À¢¸ÈÇ{OÈbUÆ)[Q
× 6¹>®ÆÄ¿º>Âd]@ªÄ«·]ð>É·¢O£Fª(ÍEÇJ¶=ÌeÇjEð>¾Øª=¹ÇieO£E
*Ä¿º>¾?ƺǸQe×C>ÃEGÂdÈ
Ê·¢¤ºLfª>i6¹>®ÌhÀEGÂÆÀ¢¹>»£¶= h[¿²Æ )a
ð>É·¢ Lf²dª K£Qfª *ľdzmÙ K£Qe ÀÒ¶ K·¯ª (Ð>«Q Ä¿º KÈ?fª
*Ëb£E¼³É¶ÆľDªÊ·£¶=dÂÀ¶Ç¯I× 6¹>¯ªÄ¿ºK·¿ªU=¹Çif¶
6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®l>F¢ÀE=À¢¹>»£¶= h[¿²Æ )[Â
¹=Ƿɪ(ÊEe>Ãif¦Áb¢Í¿QÀ³jÈÆÊI>LÇÆ(ÊI>ÉU>ÉÁ?ÅfiÀº
*Äɶƹ=ÇɶÆËb£Eð>É·¢
=¹ÇieK£6¹>®fìºÀEa>ÈgÀ¢h[¿³¶=G^J¿º)Æ
ʾb¢Æ¶=Í¿=¸]bÈÆJɺLÇÆÊI>ÉU>ÉÁ?GU?Àº 6¹Ç¯È U
Àº¼²ÇQf À¶¼Ã¾Dª(Ëb£EÀºÄJÈecÆð>É·¢¹ÇJÉ·ª(b·=Í¿QÊÂÆÊEe
25
*ͶØuH>E¼²Ç·]bÈÀ¶Æ(ÏbÂH>E
6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®fi>ÈÀEe>»¢À¢¹>»£¶=h[¿²)g
b¯ª Å×ÇI À»ª (G¶>{ ÊE? ÀE Ê·¢ ÍÈ×ÇE ®bqÆ ÊE ÀºA Àº ÊqÆ?
GU?b¯ªFU?ÀºÆFU?b¯ªÄFU?ÀºÆ(=ÇIb¯ªÊ¾×ÇIÀºÆʾ×ÇI
*=x§E?b¯ªv§E?ÀºÆv§E?b¯ªÄv§E?ÀºÆ(=
®bqÆÊEÀºAÀº¼Ã·¶= 6>ð¢Çªfºe>»¢À¢ð>vÈ?h[¿³¶=Æ)\
*>£I=ÍÈ×ÆÈ×ÆÆÈ×ÆÄJÈ×ÆÁDª(G¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢¹ÇJÉ·ª
η¢ s¾ ¹Çif¶= ÁC ÁÇ¶Ç¯È ÀÈd¶= >ÃÈÆfÈ OÈa>U? µ>¿Â ) 0
Àº >ÂfN²?Æ (L>¯N¶= Àº bU? >ÂÆfÈ OÈa>UÙ= ÅdÂÆ *Ê·£¶ ͪØ[=
΢bÈ×ÎJU>ÃJÈ=ÆeÍÉU>¾Àº>ÃNVF¿¶×>ÂaeÇ¾Æ *Í¢ÇuÇ=OÈa>UÙ=
¶=tÇr¿¶=>ÃN} ¸ ¸£R¿¶ >ÂaeǾ>CÆ>Â=Æe Àº b¿¢ÍVÉVq>þ?
Ì>]=Öº À»vJI OÈa>UÙ= ÅdÂÆ *¼ÃI>È=Æe LaeÆ >º GjU >ÂÆaeÆ?
ÇÂÊ®>F¶=Æ>ÿºð>»j®aeÇ¾Æ *Åb£EÀºPe=Ƕ=Ä·£QÆ(Ê·£¶¹Çif¶=
6>«¶Ù=k«¾¸Eο£=k«¾
ð>É·¢ Ϋìq=Æ ÌfR= ¸F® ÀÈfQ>Ã= E Î]A U ¿¶= ÁC ) ?
(=¹Çie>È6Ê·¢¹>¯ª 6ÆÙ=Ì>]=Ö=OÈbUÄɪÐ>Q>Æ *Äj«¿¶
(K·£ª >º ´E>Vq@E K·£ª ´JÈ?e U Ëfà ¤ì¯¾=Æ ÊUÆe GÂc b¯¶
=¹Çie¹>¯ª *ͺ=f³¶=ÆÎFJ£¶=´·ªäÊ·¢^iÀº=dÂÁ>²ÁDª(˦
ÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿ºK¾?ÆÊj«¿¶×C´JQf]?>º°>EN£EËd¶=Æ 6 U
>º¹>®(´¿ºPe?>ºÆ¹>¯ª*ÊMe=ÆÆÊ]?K¾?ÆËb£E¾×ľ?¦(ÎiǺ
*¼ÃÉF¾Íä¿iƼÃEeH>J²(Ê·F®ÀºÐ>ÉF¾Ù=PeÆ
ÌfR= b£E e>r¾Ù=Æ ÀÈfQ>Ã= E Î]A U ¿¶= ÁC ) H
3,
Äj«¾E`=ÖÈÆ(e>r¾Ù=ÀºbU?EÆÊ·¢E`=ÖÈÆ(fÃm?Íj»~
Ì>]=Ö= OÈbU Ð>Q >Æ *Äj«¿¶ Å>«ìq= >CÆ e>r¾Ù= Àº bU? EÆ
ÀÈfQ>Ã=EKÉ]AUÊ·¢KFv¦?6Ê·£¶¹>® U ¹Çif¶=Á? 6Íɾ>N¶=
Ͷh[¿ º ÁdzI Á? ÎufI >º? (¼Ã¿º bU? EÆ ´¿ÉE `=Õ? Æ (e>r¾Ù=Æ
*¾Ëb£Ekɶľ?×C(ÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂ
ÄÃQÆÆ >ðºÇÈ ÄE>Vq? η¢ Tf] U ¹Çif¶= Á? ËÆeÆ ) T
Ê]? ÊEe Àº JI? Ìe>nE 6¹>¯ª Ç¢ ÀE Àf¶= bF¢ Ķ@jª ±fnº
CÐ>j¿¶=ÌbÉiKªg>Æ *Í»{>ªÀºð>É·¢TÆg=Á@E¿E=ÆÊ»¢ÀE=Æ
Ç K¶>¯ª *Ê]? ʶ Ê¢a= À? ½? >È 6 U ¿¶=¹>®(Ì£¶=bÉi>ÃÒ«²
ð>ºÇÈ¿¶=ÄF{>]Æ *Ð>Rªð>É·¢K¢bª *À?½?>ȼ£¾¹>® ; ÄV³¿àIƵÇ]?
>ÈK¾?>º?Æ 6Ķ¹>¯ªÍMe>UÀEbÈgÆf«£QÄÉ]?EÆÄ¿ÉEK¾>²ÍÉv®
*ʶCƺÆËb¶ÆÇE?ÆÊ]@ªÊ·¢
ËfÈgÆÆ Ê]? K¾? 6¹>¯ªð>ºÇÈÊ·¢C U¹Çif¶=bâ )a
*ºcÔIÆäËb¢äǺhR¿IÆÈaÊv¯I
×CĶC×Í¿=H>Eη¢HÇJ³º 6 U¹>®¹>»£¶=h[¿²±[Â
*=¹ÇieÇ]?Ê·¢(=¹Çieb»=
ÁÆfÂͶh[¿¹Çif¶=ÀºÄ·£Qs¾ÊÂÆ(Í£EeÙ= tÇr¿¶=ÅdÂ
(ÍÈ×Ƕ= s¾Æ (ÄI¢Æ = H>J² µí fß Iß ½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢ ľ? s¾Æ (ÎiǺ Àº
Á? »·j= x£E >ÿº F¿JjÈ ¶= tÇr¿¶= Ê Åd *Ì>]=Ö= s¾Æ
*ÄI>ªÆ b£E Í«É·= Ç ķ£Q Ë? (Åb£E Àº >ðÉ·¢ ¬·^Ji= U ¹Çif¶=
6>ðr¾ð>r¾>Âd]@¿¶Æ
ÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿¹Çif¶=ÀºÊ·¢¸£Qs¾ÇÂÆ(¹ÆÙ=s¿¶=>º?
3-
>º?*Ä«¶Íi=eaÀºÆÄɪ¸É®Ëd¶=½>¯=Íi=eaÀºÅ>¿£ºFJÈľDªÎiǺ
U¹Çif¶=Á?´¶cÆ*µÇFIÌÆh¦½ÇÈOÈb==d¹>®¹Çif¶=ÁDª½>¯=
»·j= ÁÆÖm ÍÈ>¢e ÇJɶ Í»·jº ÀE b» ľ>³º Í¿Èb= η¢ ¬·]
Åfº?Æ Ä·Â? η¢ Ä¿¢ = Êue >ðÉ·¢ >¾bÉi ¬·]Æ (¼³= ÁÆÖm Ìe=aCÆ
ð>««ÆĶð×>¯NJi=×CÄ«·]>º=Ƕ>®ÆÁǯª>¿=ÄE¬Qe@ª(¼Ãɪͺ>®Ý>E
ÄÉ·¢ = Á=Çue G¶>{ ÊE? ÀE Ê·¢ d]? (Áǯª>¿= ´¶c ¹>® >»·ª (Ä¿º
¾>È6¹>¯ª(f>E¹g>¾ÇÂÆU=¹ÇieÎI?ÎJUTf]¼MÄUØi
6¹>¯ª (º K««Æ J·¯NJi= ´¾? J«·] >C ´¾? Áǯª>¿= ¼¢g (=
(´·Â?ÆÊ·Â?«·]>ª¤Qe>ª(ÊÑ=eÆK²fI>´J«·]³¶Æ(=ÇEd²
¾ × Ä¾? ×C (ÎiǺ Àº ÁÆf Ͷh[¿ º ÁdzI Á? Ê·¢ >È ÎufI ت?
Ê·¢¸£Q ae=Ƕ=OÈb>ª *Åf«iη¢ U=¹ÇieÎvºÆ Ëb£E
¹Ç® ¸É¶bE Ä·Â? ĪØ^Ji>E ae=Æ ÎiǺ Àº ÁÆf Ͷh[¿ ¹Çif¶= Àº
(Ä·Â?¬·]ľ?ÍMa>=¤®=Ǫ*; Ð>j¿¶=ÆÁ>ÉFr¶=«· 6Äj«¾Ê·¢
¬·]½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¾?f¢=cC>»Éi×(ͪØ[=Ä«·]ľ?Ä¿ºd]ÖÈت
(Ä·Â?η¢Ø^Ji×>Eð>É·¢s]Æ(ľ>³º¼³=η¢Í»·jºÀEð=b»
η¢ÄE>Vq?bUÙ¹Çif¶=Ø^Ji=Á?η¢ *´·Â?ÆÊ·Â? 6Ķ¹>®Æ
Ç ī·]Ëd¶=s^n¶==dÂÁ? η¢¹bÈ× Æh§·¶ÄQÆf]U¼³=
Ê«ª *L=Æh§¶= ÀÈN² ¬·^Ji= U ¹Çif¶= Á? ¸É¶bE (ľ>³º Í«É·]
ÌÆh¦ Æ *biÙ= bF¢ ÀE Í»·i >E? Í¿Èb= η¢ ¸»£Ji= Ìn£¶= ÌÆh¦
¸»£Ji= Á>É E ÌÆh¦ Æ *ÍMe>U ÀE bÈg Í¿Èb= η¢ ¸»£Ji= Á=Ç«i
η¢ s^n¶ ¹Çif¶= Ø^Ji>ª *=d³ÂÆ (½ÇJ³º ½? ÀE= Í¿Èb= Ê·¢
£È´¶cÁ?η¢¹bÈ×(ÅÆh¦Àº¤QfÈ>»NÈeľ>³ºÍ¿Èb=¼³=
3.
Ŧ¬·^Ji=Æ(¯ªÄ·Â?η¢Ä«·^Ji==cC¬É³ª(ͪØ[=ĪØ^Ji=
Àº >º? (Ø^Ji×= OÉU Àº =d ; ÌÆh§¶= Àº ¤QfÈ >»NÈe ¼³=
ÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿ºÁdzIÁ?ÎufI×? 6 U¹Çif¶=¹Ç®OÉU
¬·>º¸NºÄɪ«·>»Éª´·NºÁdzÈÁ?ÎufI>º? 6Ä>«¶?ο£ºÁDª
Ë?(Ø^Ji×=ÇÂÄFn¶=ÄQÆÆ(ÁÆfÃEÊ·£¶ÄÉFnIÇê*ÎiǺÁÆfÂ
ο£ºÇÂ=d *ĶÎiǺØ^Ji=ÁÆf¸Nº´¶Ø^Ji=´·Nº
ο£==d£ÈÆ *OÈb=>«¶Ù=d¦ο£ºbQÇÈ×Æ *OÈb=>«¶?
Ð>j¿¶=Æ Á>ÉFr¶= «· 6¹Çif·¶ Ê·¢ ¹Ç® a=f= Ç ÅbUÆ Ä·£Æ
ÎiǺ Àº ÁÆf Ͷh[¿ º ÁdzI Á? ÎufI >º? 6¹Çif¶= ¹Ç® ÐÊ
Æ
OÈb==dÂÀºa=fÈ>ºÍªf£Æ*ĶǮÄÉ·¢ð=aeÆ=dÂÊ·¢¹=Öiη¢ð>E=ÇQ
*ÇÂ>ºÁÆfÎiǺØ^Ji=¥ÇuǺÄɪ϶¼Èf³¶=ÁAf¯¶=C¤QfÈ
6ÇÂÆʶ>J¶=s¿¶>EÁAf¯¶=>Âf²dÈÍr¯¶=b¼Èf³¶=ÁAf¯¶=C¥ÇQf¶>EÆ
|¦j°ÈW×qU à°O¯PXqÁ0Vk°%1W*VÙnÕ\ȯ\IX=Õ-\-Ù"U XT<
VÙkVWÛÜ°:Q U2³\{SÄ%W5ÕiWÃXTXT @
Õ̯*V" YXT ÕZ° ÕU XT r®*×SV r¯Û ³ªBÙÝÉ Ø\ |ETÄm\F °Oj\] ³\{SÄ% W$VXT <
VÙkV
Ê·Â?«·Á?ÎufI×?6OÈb=ο£ºÁdzɪ > WÛÏ°i¦ÙÝÀ-Ù #k¯\y
ÎiǺ Àº ÁÆf Ͷh[¿ º ÁdzJª (ĺǮ ÎiǺ ÁÆf ¬·] >»²
Ð>QľÙÊ·¢>¾bÉif{>]GÉÉìIOÈb=Àºa=f=ÁdzÈÆ; Ø^Ji×>E
Ëd¶=ÇÂľ?Ê·£¶½>êCK®Ç¶=k«¾ÇÂÆ(Ø^Ji×==dÃEz=e¦
*H>¦=cCĺǮÎiǺ½>¯ºÁÆf½>®>»²(H>¦=cCÄ·Â?ĺ>¯º½Ç¯È
(ð>ÉF¾Á>²ÁÆfÂÁÙ(ÄFn¶=À¢ÌÇF¿·¶Ê«¾Ëb£E¾×ľ?×C 6ĶǮ>º?Æ
b®>ð>£ªe´¶cÌÇF¿¶=¹Çif¶=οNJi>ª *ÄE>ɦÐ>¿M?ð>ÉF¾¬·]¾ÇÂÆ
b£E Ë? Ëb£E ¾ × 6ĶǮ ÁC ¹>¯È ×Æ *ÌÇF¿¶= ÄJ¶h[¿ ľ? ¼ÂÇJÈ
3/
¤ºð>ÉF¾Á>²ÁÆfÂÁ?´¶c(Ì>É=¹>UØ^Ji×=½Ø³¶=ÁÙ(ÊI>ªÆ
ÄE>ɦ Ð>¿M? ĺǮ η¢ ÄJ«É·] Á>²Æ (ÄI>ªÆ b£E kÉ¶Æ (ÄE>ɦ Ð>¿M? ÎiǺ
>C Ëb£E¾× ľ?¦ 6¹Çif¶=¹Ç¯ª *ÄI>ªÆb£EkɶÆ(ÄI>ÉU¹>U
Ê«¿È Á? ¸QÚª *ÄI>ÉU ¹>U ÎiǺ H>ɦ Ð>¿M? >ðÉF¾ Á>² ÁÆf Á٠Ķ>®
OÈbU >¿»·¢?b® U=¹ÇieÁC¼M 6¹Ç¯¶==d¹>®Ê·¢À¢ÌÇF¿¶=
>¿Â ÊI@È Øª (ÎiǺ Ì>ÉU L>º b® ÁÆf Á? ¼²>= Å=Æe XÉVq
Ëd¶=ÎiǺÆÁÆfÂaÇQǺ¦Ä¾ÙÌ>ªÇ¶=b£EØ^Ji×=¥ÇuǺ
*ÄFn=ÇÂËd¶=Ê·¢Æ¿¶=bQÇÈت(ÄEÄFn=ÇÂ
Ø^Jiض Ìe>mC ÄÈ? Äɪ bQÇI ×Æ (OÈb= ο£º Ç =dÂ
¸£Qη¢s¿ÈÁ?OÈb>Ea=e?¹Çif¶=Á?ð>¯·ìºÄ¿º¼Ã«È×Æ(ͪØ[=
Ø^Ji=ae=ÆOÈb>ª *¹Çif¶=Ì>ªÆb£E»·j=η¢Í«É·]Ê·¢
¶=L>È=Æf¶=Ê®>E>º?Æ *µÇFIÌÆh¦ÄE>ɦÌbº¹Çif¶=¸Â?η¢Ê·¢
º ÁdzI Á? ÎufI >º? 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç®ÇÂÆOÈb==dÂLaeÆ
ÍÈ=Æf²ÆËe>^F¶=ÍÈÆ=f²ÍVÉVqL>È=Æe>ÿ»ª ÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿
¦ L>È=Æe >ÿºÆ (b£i Ëb¶Æ ¼ÉÂ=fECÆ fº>¢ À¢ ÄÉNÈbU ¼·jº
¸É® OÈb= Á? £È =dÂÆ *s¿¶= k«¾ aeÇI >÷² >ÿ³¶Æ (ÍVÉVq
ÍÈ=ÆeÊÂÍVÉVr¶=L>È=Æf¶=Á?´¶cη¢H=Ç=Æ *µÇFI¦ÆµÇFI
×=dÂÆ(Ír¯¶=À¢ðØr«¿ºÅbUƹÇif¶=¹Ç®ÍÈ=ÆeË?(Ír¯¶=ÀºÐhQ
ð=ÐhQÁÆÆfÈ>ºð=N²Mb=ÆÌ=Æf¶=ÁDª(µÇFIÍMa>U¦ÍMa>U>þ?£È
ľ?η¢ *bÂ>n¶=¸ÍÈ=Æeη¢ÁÆfrJ¯Éª(Ír®Àºð=ÐhQÆ?OÈbUÀº
ƵÇFI¸É®¸E>ÂbUƵÇFIÍ£®ÆÀ³ÈOÈb=Á@E>¿ufªÇ¶
η¢Ä¿¢=Êueð>É·¢>¾bÉi¬·^Ji=¹Çif¶=Á?£ÈľDª(µÇFI¦
30
ÄÃQÆ=½f²ÄªØ^Ji=η¢¹bÈ×Æ *>¦ƵÇFIð>»Ñ=aÄ·Â?
Ä>«¶? \fm OÈb= ÄÉ·¢ ¹bÈ >º ¸²Æ (¹Çif¶= Ì>ªÆ b£E ͪØ[=
(ÊE>ɦ Ð>¿M? Ê·Â? η¢ «· ´·£Q? Á? ÎufI ×? 6Ç Å>¿£º \fmÆ
K¾?ƾÁÆfÂÁ?×C(ÄE>ɦÐ>¿M?ÎiǺÁÆf¬·]>»²(KF¦>»·²Æ
ÀEfº>¢À¢¼·jºÍÈ=ÆeÐ>Q´¶d¶Æ *ÊIÇF¾b£E¾×ľÙð>ÉF¾Kj¶
׾?×CÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿ºÁdzIÁ?ÎufI >º? 6ÄÉE?À¢b£i
ÍFj¿¶>E>ðÉ·¢¹Çif¶=ÄEÄFmËd¶=ÄÉFnJ¶=ÇÂ=dÂ*ÊIÇF¾b£EË?Ëb£E¾
Ð>¿M?Ø^Ji×=Æ(¦kɶØ^Ji×>EË?(ÎiÇÍFj¿¶>EÁÆfÃEÄɶC
*Ä·º>³EOÈb=s¾ÇÂ>»²Ä·Â?η¢Ø^Ji×=Æ(¦×¹Çif¶=ÍFɦ
¸£ÆÅ>¿£ºÀ¢ÄQf×bU=Ƕ=OÈb=>Ãɪ¸É®¶=L=f=ab£IÁ?η¢
¹Çif¶=¸Â?Á>²>CµÇFIØ^Ji×=ÁDzÁDª*Ŧf]Aο£ºÄ¶
>CµÇFI¦OÈb=ËÆfI¶=L>È=Æf¶=Æ*ÄɪÍÃFm×KE>M(¦kɶ
ð=bÉ®f²dI×Æ(Å>¿£ºÆÄ>«¶?µÇFI¸É®Ëd¶=s¿¶=k«¾>÷²¸¯¿I
f²dI׸E(¸ÂÙ=ÇÂƵÇFIÍMa>Uf²cËd¶=bɯ¶=¦Ø^Jiض
ÍÈ=ÆeÁÙ´¶cÆ(µÇFIÍÈ=ÆeÄɪLaeÆ>º η¢¸»´¶d¶Æ *>ð¯·ìºð=bÉ®
Ø^Ji×= bÉ® Ë? Àº ͯ·ìº L>È=Æf¶= Ê®>EÆ ¸ÂÙ>E Ìbɯº µÇFI
>«¶?ÁDª(ͺ>¢Ïf]Ù=L>È=Æf¶=ÁC¹>¯È×Æ *bɯ=η¢°·ì=¸»Vɪ
>º?6ÍÈ=ÆeÐ=Çi>÷²L>È=Æf¶=s¾Áٽǻ£¶=>«¶?Àº KjɶOÈb=
ÀºÁÆfÂÍE>NÇÂÆ´¶cÄE>m>ºÆ(K¾?ÍÈ=ÆeÆ?(´¾CÍÈ=ÆeÆ?(ÎufI
(ÎiǺ Àº ÁÆf Ͷh[¿º Ê Ϳɣº Ͷh[¿ t>] ½Ø³¶= =dê (ÎiǺ
x£E LÐ>Q ÎiǺ Àº ÁÆf Ͷh[¿º Á? ×ò C *ͺ>¢ Ͷh[¿º KjɶÆ
L>È=Æf¶=ÀºÍÈ=Æe¸ÂÙ=bɯELbÉ®ÆbɯEbɯIÆ(ͯ·ìºL>È=Æf¶=
31
*¸ÂÙ>EL>È=Æf¶=¤ÉbɯIÆ(bɯ=η¢°·ì=¸»Vɪ
r®M #\ÈÕBXT @6ĶǮ=ÀºÎiǺ>ÃF·{¶=eǺÙ=Ê®>E>º?Æ
> s®mÙ%U ßr¯ÛÈOÙ¯nÖU XT§¬ª¨s®qÙwU à°O¯ÕjÀiÕ§¬©¨³«aU WDTÄm\F§«²¨r"ØFU ÕC°K%:mc¯wXT
Ð>¢a ÊÂcC(Ø^Ji×=×ÆÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿º>¸×ľDª
fº?ÁÙ(Ä£ºÌÇF¿¶=ÄÉì£ÈÁ?Æ(Ķð>¿É£ºÅ>]?¸£Á?=CÎiǺÀº
IJ=fm=Æ(Ͷ>if¶=ÆÌÇF¿¶=ÇÂÄɪÁÆfµfnÈÁ?=ÀºG·{Ëd¶=ÎiǺ
Á>²>CÆð>»²>UÎiǺÀ³ÈcC(¼³=×fºÙ==dÂÁdzÈ>C
G·{×(Åfº?Ķµ=fmCG·{ÆĶ;Æ>£ºG·{ÇÂG·ì¶=Á?η¢*>ðÉF¾
ÀºÎiǺͶh[¿Í¿ÉFºKjɶeǺÙ=ÅdÂÁDª´¶c±ÇªÆ *ĶØ^Ji=
*ÄE>ɦÐ>¿M?ĺǮη¢ÄªØ^Ji=ÇÂÁÆfÂÀºÎiǺͶh[¿F=¸EÁÆfÂ
;Æ>£»·¶ aÇQÆ Øª ÄÉ·¢Æ *ÄE>ɦ Ð>¿M? ĺǮ Ä«· ľ? Ä¿º ÄJ¶h[¿»ª
ο£=¸E ÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿ 6¹Çif¶=¹Ç®ÌÇF¿¶=Ͳe>n=Æ
*=d¦f]Aο£ºtÇr¿¶=¸»J×ƽǯ¶=Ø^Ji×>E>ÃɪeÇr
>ÃE¼³VɶͣÈfmÄÉ·¢K¶h¾Ä¾Ùð>»²>UÁ>²ÎiǺÁC¹>¯Èb®Æ
KÉE ¸J Á? bÈfÈ oÉ =ðbÑ>® Á>² ľCÆ (L>Eǯ¢Æ L>>£º >Ãɪ cC
ÁÆfĪØ^Ji=Ádzɪ(ØI>¯ª´EeÆK¾? GÂc=ĺǮĶ¹>®Ælb¯=
η¢ H=Ç=Æ *>ðvÈ? ¼³= Ø^Ji=Æ ÌÇF¿¶= Ø^Ji= Ç ĺǮ
ľ?Ŧ×ÆÁAf¯¶=×Ä¿¢ÆfÈÆ(ð>»²>UÀ³ÈÎiǺÁ?´¶c
ð>»²>UÁ>²Ä¾?Æ?Á>ì·j¶=ÆÌǯ¶>E¸ÉÑ=fiCEη¢½>³UÙ=dÉ«¿JE½>®
×ÆÄj«¾ÎiǺkɶÎiǺͣÈfnE¸ÉÑ=fiCE=Ç»³UÀÈd¶=Æ*¼ÃÉ·¢
Àº>»Â¦ÆÁ>»É·iÆaÆ=a¸NºÐ>ÉF¾Ù=ÀºÅb£EÐ>QÀº¼Â>CÆ(ÄI>ÉU
ÌeÇi¶=L>ÈÛ=Æ(®¸r¼·ªpÇÉR·¶ÎiǺÌa>É®>º?Æ *µÇ·=
32
ÎiǺÌa>ɮη¢¹bÈÐÊmË?>Ãɪkɶ .2ÍÈAC -5ÍÈAÀºÌbÑ>=
=ÇvªfªÍib¯=zeÙ=¹Ç]aĺǮÀºG·{ÎiǺÁ?>Ãɪ>CÆoÉR·¶
Ð×Ö Tf ÎJU >ÂÇ·]bÈ À¶ ¼Ã¾CÆ ÀÈe>FQ >ðºÇ® >Ãɪ ÁC Ķ =Ƕ>®Æ
ÀºÁ>²Æ*GÂdÈÇÂÆ(ØI>¯ÉªÄEeÆÇÂGÂdÈÁ?=ÇF·{Æ>ÿºÁÆe>F=
ÎiǺη¢Í£Èfm¹Æh¾>º?Æ *Í¿i£Ee?zeÙ==ÇÂ>IÁ?´¶cÐ=fQ
Ð>Qľ?¤®=Ƕ=¸E(>ÃE¼³Uľ?£È×´¶cÁDªL>Eǯ¢ÆL>>£º>Ãɪ
=ÇÂ>IÁ?Á>³ªlb¯=KÉEC¼Âd]?¹Æ>UƸÉÑ=fiCF¶>ç·EÆ>ÃE
Á? b£EÆ (Åbâ ÎÃJ¾= ÎJU ÎiǺ ½>È? e=f¯Ji= ¼ ¸r Æ Ð>¿Éi
µÇ·º ÎiǺ Í£ÈfnE ¼Ã»³UÆ ´¶c b£E =Ç·¯J¾= ÄÉJ¶>E ¼ÃJEǯ¢ KÃJ¾=
L>ÈÛ=Á?η¢*ÌeÇiÀºfN²?´¶dE°ì¿IÁAf¯¶=L>ÈAÆ(¼Ã¿ºÐ>ÉF¾?Æ
ÌÇF¿¶= ÎiǺ À¢ Ø^Ji= >þ? Ífq ÁÆf >Ãɪ ¬·^Ji= ¶=
6-0-ÍÈAÀº=f¢Ù=ÌeÇiÊÂÆ(=À¢Î¯·JɶÎ[iǺGÂcU
|¦j°ÈW×qU à°O¯PXqÁ0Vk°%1W*VÙnÕ\ȯ\IX=Õ-\-Ù"U XT<
VÙkVWÛÜ°:Q U2³\{SÄ%W5ÕiWÃXTXT @
Õ̯*V" YXT ÕZ° ÕU XT r®*×SV r¯Û ³ªBÙÝÉ Ø\ |ETÄm\F °Oj\] ³\{SÄ% W$VXT <
VÙkV
WÛÜ°È×\y ÈOW%×SV ³\{SÄ% XqW*Ø\XT @6-11ÍÈAf]AC > WÛÏ°i¦ÙÝÀ-Ù #k¯\y
\=ǶÙ= ʯ·I Æ >Ãɪ Ø^Ji×=Æ ÌÇF¿¶>E °·£JI >÷²Æ *ÍÈÛ= > 9ZÄBXq
¼³= Í·q ξa? >Ãɪ kÉ¶Æ ´¶c ÇÆ ¸R£¶= ¸ÉÑ=fiC E c>=Æ
تÄÉ·¢ÆÁ>ì·j¶=Ƽ³>E°·£JI>þ?bU?ÄFJnÈÁ?¸»J×Æ*Á>ì·j¶=Æ
*>ð¯·ìº¼³=ÁÆf¬·^JjÈÆð>»²>UÀ³ÈÎiǺÁ?ÍÃFm
ÍMa>V²GFj¶LaeÆÐ=Çi(>ãÉͶh[¿=OÈa>U?ο£ºÇÂ=dÂ
Ä·Â? η¢ >ðÉ·¢ ¸£Q ¹Çif¶= Á? η¢ ¹bI >þDª (ͯ·ìº LaeÆ Æ? µÇFI
Ä«·ÄºÇ®Î·¢ÁÆfÂÎiǺ¸£Q>º¸NºÄI>ÉU¹>UÄE>ɦÐ>¿M?¼Ãɪī·
33
¹Çif¶= Àº Ø^Ji×= Ë? (¸»£¶= =dÃEÆ *ÄI>ÉU ¹>U ÄE>ɦ Ð>¿M? ¼Ãɪ
Ͷ×aË?bQÇIت(ÎiǺÀºÁÆfÂͶh[¿¹Çif¶=ÀºÊ·¢ÁdzÈÊ·£¶
η¢ Í«É·] Ê·¢ ÁÇ³È Á? η¢ s¾ ¹Çif¶= Á? η¢ OÈa>UÙ= ÅdÂ
* U=¹ÇieÌ>ªÆb£E¼³=»·j=
ÍVÉVr¶= ÍÈ=Æf¶= ľDª (¼] fÈb¦ OÈbUÆ Ê¾>N¶= s¿¶= >º?Æ
ÄJÉE ¸Â? Æ = H>J² ´j»J¶>E »·j= ÊqÇÈ ¼·jº ÍÈ=Æe ÊÂÆ
¹Çif¶= Á? η¢ Ͷ×a Ë? Äɪ kÉ¶Æ (¼ÂÆcÖÈ ×Æ ¼ÂÇºÆ ¼ÂǺf³É¶
=¼²f²c?ÉE¸Â?Æ 6¹Ç¯ÈOÈb>ª(ͪØ[=ÄJÉE¸Â?¬·^JjÈ
l>¿¶=η¢Ð>«·]ÄJÉE¸Â?¸£Qľ?η¢¹bÈ>ºÄɪkɶ=dÂÆ ÉE¸Â?
ð=bE?Ä¿º¼Ã«È×ĺÇëºÆÄ®Ç쿺ÆXÈfq «·¶=Æ*ÄI>ªÆb£EÀº¼³=
Àº ͪØ[=»·j=¼³U η¢ ¼Ã¿ºð=bU? Æ? ÄJÉE¸Â?¬·^Ji=ľ?
Tf×>þDª>÷Nº¶=L>È=Æf¶=¤ÉÆÍN¶>N¶=ÆÍɾ>N¶=Á>JÈ=Æf¶=>º?Æ *Åb£E
U ¹Çif¶= ¸£Q >»ÂbU? 6ÀÈfº? L>È=Æf¶= Åd ÁDª (>Ãɪ Ð>Q >»¢
¼ÃEÆ?>¾?Æ(¿ºÖ=Ǻ>¾?ÆË×Ǻ=ÁC 6ĶǯE¿ºÖ»·¶Çºð>É·¢
Å×=ÆÀº¹=Ƽ÷¶= ) âð>É·¢£È )Å×Ǻ=dêÅ×ǺK¿²Àº(¼Ãj«¾?Àº
6¹Ç¯Éªð=]ÄI¢ÊqÇÈUľ?Çêʾ>N¶=fºÙ=>º?*Å=a>¢Àºa>¢Æ
Ê·¢=afÈÎJU>Év¯¿ÈÀ¶>»Ã¾?F=¬Éì·¶=ʾ@F¾Ä¾Dª(ÉE¸Â?ÊI¢Æ
ØJ]= η¢Æ >Âab£I η¢ >÷² OÈa>UÙ= Åd bQÇÈ ×Æ zÇ=
Ä¿¢PbVJ¿jª(Ì×=Ç=ÇÂÆ(¹ÆÙ=fºÙ=>º? *ÀÈfºÙ=ÀÈd¦>ÃI>È=Æe
تʾ>N¶=fºÙ=>º?Æ*Ìfm>Fºs¿¶==dÂb£EÍÈ×Ƕ=OÈa>U?À¢½Ø³¶=b¿¢
¼ÂǺf³É¶ (ð=] ÄJÉE ¸Â? ÄI£E »·j»·¶ ÍÉqÆ Ä¾Ç² À¢ Tf
= H>J²Æ ÄJÉE ¸Â? ÁCÆ (¼Ã¿¢ ¼@jÉi ľDª (¼ÂÆcÖÈ ×Æ ¼ÂǺÆ
34
OÈa>U? )OÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂbQÇÈت *ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈC¾¯ºÁØÉi
ÐÊmË?>ÃɪbQÇÈ×Æ(ÄI£Eð=]»·j=ÍÉqÇIÀºfN²?)¼]fÈäb¦
¹ÇieÌ>ªÆb£E ͪØ[=ÄJÉE¹AØ^Ji=Æ?(Ê·¢Ø^Ji=η¢¹bÈ
¶=ͯE>j¶=L>È=Æf¶=¤ÉGjU¹Çif¶=¹Ç®Ø^Ji×=ÀÈ@ª* U=
H>J²·¯N¶=À¢Ê·¢ÁÆafIU¼³·Ñ>iʾCÆ 6¼]fÈb¦OÈbULÆe
= H>J² (·¯N¶= ¼³Éª K²fI b® ʾCÆ 6ĶǮ Æ? ÉE ¸Â? ÊI¢Æ =
¸Â? ÊI¢Æ = H>J² ·¯N¶= ¼³Éª µe>I ʾCÆ 6ĶǮ Æ? ÊI¢Æ >£I
>»ÂǺb¯Iت 6ĶǮÆ? ·¯N¶=ʾǫ·¬É²=Æf¾>ª 6ĶǮÆ? ÉE
Àº fN²? tÇr¿¶= Åd bQÇÈ? *=dz·ÃJª >»Ã¿¢ =Æfr¯I ×Æ =dz·ÃJª
ÀºbU?¼Ã«È¸ÂÆ ; =ð]¼ÃEÄJÉqÇIÆ ½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢ÄI£E»·j=²dI
=¹ÇieÌ>ªÆb£E¼³= »·j=η¢Ð>«·]¼Ã¾?£È=dÂÁ?´¶c
kÉ·ªÄÉ·¢Æ; ĺÇëºÀº½?½Ø³¶=±Ç쿺Àº?; =dÂd]ÖÈÀÈ?ÀºÆ; U
η¢ Ê·¢ Ø^Ji= η¢ ¸É¶a Ë? ͯE>j¶= L>È=Æf¶= ¼] OÈbU
*ÄE¹×bJi×=¯jɪKÉF¶=¹AØ^Ji=η¢×ÆͪØ[=
ÅdÃE OÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÁDª(ÍÈ×Ƕ=OÈa>U?ÇÂÆO¶>N¶=s¿¶=>º?Æ
Ƕ OÈa>UÙ= Åd Á? η¢ *¼·jºÆ Ëe>^F¶= Á>^Én¶= >ÃQf >«¶Ù=
¶= tÇr¿¶= ÁDª (Ê·¢ Ø^Ji= η¢ >ÃE ÁÇRJ Àº b¿¢ KVq
Tf×>Ã>«¶?¤ÉÁÙ *Ø^Ji×=>ÿºF¿JjÈÁ?À³×>ÂÆaeÆ?
ÀºÖº ¸² Êä ¶Æ K¾? (Ëb£E ¼³äÉ¶Æ (Ëb£E ÀºÖº ¸² 榮 6À¢
ð>É·¢ ¹=ÇÉ·ª (Ëb£E ¼³É¶Æ ľDª (Ëb£E Àº ¿ºÖ= 榮 (Ëb£E
ÁDª (ʾ×ÇIb¯ªÅ×ÇIÀ»ª (Ëb£EÀºÄJÈecÆð>É·¢¹ÇJÉ·ª (Ëb£E
L>È=Æf¶=fÑ>iÀº>>Nº?Æ>«¶Ù=Ådê *Å×=ÆÀº¹=Æ (È×ÆÄJÈ×Æ
35
*ÍÈ×Ƕ=OÈa>U?>ÂÇ´¶d¶Æ(Ì×=Ç=Æ(Ç=Æ(ʶǶ= «¶À¢Tf×
a>¢ÆÅ×=ÆÀº¹=Ƽ÷¶= 6¼]fÈb¦OÈbU¼ÃJÈ=Æe>ãÉ>Âfj«IÆ
Ð×Ƕ=¼=Ç·»Á?Ƽãº=ǾdzÈÁ?Æ(¼ÃIfr¾>ÿºa=f>ª Å=a>¢ Àº
XSÉFXT @6>£I¹>®(ÁAf¯¶=ÇIÆʶ=ÆÆʶÆÍ»·²LaeÆb®Æ *ÍF=Æ
]!Øs°O D¯
VÙ SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ°XT Ä VSÀyXqXT
$XSW*Wc CW%XT @ (> WÛܦU° ¡ rXSW*Wc
\-5¯ @ (> SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ°XT Ä ÉSÀyXqXT Ä1Åwj°XT X.5¯ @ (> WDSÈ° WÓÙ ¿2ÉF
XT @(> SÄ=W%XÄ|ÚÏ°qr®XT @(> ÈOW5×SXSW*Wc|ÚÏ°rQ"WÃÈOÄ=V¼Ú Ày
]CV¼Ùk
ªk°b)Wc CW%XT @ (> #r®XT °O°5TÀj C°K% 2ÀIV `ÙjV @ (> WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù qr®XT
°O®Jk°XS° X=Ú \È\B ÕiVVÙ @ (> XÄXk°ØTU sXm_¡=XT \jSÆMXnÙ TÅk°b*V" Y @ (> Yj°XT
DU XT SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ° rQ×SW% DU
¯ \°Vl @ (> `q°F°XT D¯ @ (> ;=V¼Ú Ày
*Å×ÇI6Ä¿º¹>¯È *Æb£¶=buʶǶ=6ͧ·¶=Æ *> ×1ÈNP rQ×SW% Y ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ
§r¶=fº?Ê·ÈÀº6ʶǶ=Æ(Ì=a>£=buÌ×=Ç=Æ(bÉj¶=Æ(fq>¿¶=Ç=Æ
½Ç¯ÈÆÅfº?Ê·ÈËd¶=¼ÉJɶ=ʶÆÆ(¹>=ʶÆÆ\>³¿¶=ʶÆÆ*b=ÆHÙ>²
fq>¿¶= Ç >£I = Ð>? Àº ʶǶ=% 6Hf£¶= Á>j¶ ¼R£º Æ *ÄJ¶>«³E
°Èbr¶= ʶǶ=Æ% 6¹>®Æ $>ÃE ¼Ñ>¯¶= °ÑØ=Æ >£¶= eǺ٠ʶÇJ= ¸É®Æ
Ê·£ªÅ×ǺK¿²Àº 6 UĶǮl>F£¶=ÇE?¹>® *$G=¤E>J¶=r¿¶=Æ
¼³= ο£º ¦ >÷²Æ *ĶÇJÉ·ª ʾ×ÇIÆ FU? Àº Ë? Å×Ǻ
ͪØ]η¢s¿Èľ@EÁǶǯÈÀOÈb==dÂ\=fmÁ?ÎJU *Á>ì·j¶=Æ
>Â>¿£ºÇºÍ»·²Á@Eͧ·¶=ÀºXÈfqο£ºË@E=ÇI@ÈÁ?=Ç£ÉìJjÈÊ·¢
Ê«R¿¶=ɺÙ=b?j=bF¢_Én¶=¹Ç¯ÈðØN»ª *Á>ì·j¶=Ƽ³=ðͧ¶
OU>F·¶°FÈ>¿ÂC 6Är¾>ºfÈb§¶=OÈbU\fmWfÈb§¶=YÄE>J²
bU?ľ?C>¿¶g>¿IÁCÆÐÊn¶>EÆÙ=ο£Ç=ÐÊ¥Ç^F¶=À¢bVJ·º
4,
ο£ºÀÈfn¢ÆÍ£FiÇ=Í»·³¶aeÆ?b®ÆÊ«·¶=µn=ÀºÄ¾=ÆÄɾ>£º
ʾ>£ºÀºð>ÒÉmÁ?>¿»·¢Á?b£E 6¹>¯ªÁ>ì·j¶=Ƽ³=>ÿºf²dÈÆ
>º ×ò C OÈb= ÄIa=eC À³ × Î¿£º ÀÈfn¢Æ Í£Fi C ÍÉÃJ¿= Ç=
ÀE×=0)¼£¶=ÀE=/)¼£¶=.)Hf¶=-6ÊÂÆ×?ʾ>£=Àº>»Ã¯E>ìÈ
-, )´¶>= 5 )bF£¶= 4 )°åJ£= 3 )°ßJ£= 2 )K]Ù=ÀE= 1 )
)GU>r¶=-0)¬É·=-/)´Èfn¶=-.)ÄÉ·¢¼£¿=--)¤E>J¶=
.,)¼£¿=-5)GÈf¯¶=-4)fÃr¶=-3)¸Èh[¿¶=-2)e>=-1
°J£=Æ´¶>=¦bÉj¶= ./ )ÐÊn¶>EÆÙ= .. )ʶǶ= .- )bɯ«¶=
ʶÇJ= .3 ) fºÙ= frJ= .2 ) fq>¿¶= .1 ) G= .0 )
Ǻͻ·³¶XÈfqο£ºË?aeÇÈÆ>ÂaeÆ?¶=ʾ>£=ÊÂÅdÂ*fºÙ=
ÍFj¿¶>E ʾ>£= Åd \fm U ľDª ´¶d¶Æ *Á>ì·j¶=Æ ¼³= ο£
ÄÈ@If¾ Ëd¶= Á? η¢ 6¹>¯ª Åe>J]= >ÿº ο£º C ¸qÇI OÈbV·¶
Á?ÍÉEf£¶=¤º=ÇQÆHaÙ=¤Éº>
Æͧ·¶=e>»¦zÇ=b£E½>¯=tÇr]
ʾ>£=´ÉI>¤º>=ÇÂÆÐÊn¶>EÆÙ=ò×CkɶÇ=ʾ>£ºÀºÍ¯É¯=
afÈľ?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ *ÍÈ>¿£¶=Àº¥Ç¿E>ÿº¸²cÇ]@ºÆÐ>£
×Æ ÁAf¯¶= × (¼³= ο£ Ì×=Ç= afI Æ (¼²>= ο£ ʶǶ=
(Ê¢fn¶=>Â>¿£Æ?Ëǧ·¶=>Â>¿£>ºCfj«I>«¶Ù=Æ *ͧ·¶=×ÆOÈb=
Ð>ì¢C >Â>¿£º (Ì×=Ç=Æ Ê¶Ç¶= Á@E OÈa>UÙ= Åd j«I ÊI@È ÀÈ? À»ª
OÈa>UÙ=ÅdÃEÁǶbJjÈÀÈd¶=¤º>¾fiǶ>¿¾CÆ; KÉF¶=¹ÙÆÊ·£¶ÍªØ[=
¼³=ʶÇIο£º>afÈľDªÌ×=Ǻʾ>£ºÆʶÆʾ>£ºÀºÎ¿£º¸³E
fº? Í»·³E Ê¶Æ Í»·² Áf¯¾ U ¼£¾ *tÇr¿¶= Àº s¾ ×Æ >ð¯·ìº
¶= OÈa>UÙ= Æ *$fºÙ= ʶÆ% ¹>¯Éª ¼²>= >Â>¿£º XFrÈ dÒ¿ÉVª
4-
ÀºL>È=Æe×ʶÆÍ»·²¤ºfºÙ=Í»·²afIÍÈ×Ƕ=OÈa>U?>þǻjÈ
ʶÇIο£ºOÈa>UÙ=ÀºÊ«J¿ÈdÒ¿ÉUÆ(¼Â¦L>È=ÆeÀº×Æ(¼ÃI>È=Æe
*=¹Çieb£EͪØ[=
Í»·²×ÆʶÆÍ»·²×ÆǺͻ·²×)¯ªÍÈ×ÆÍ»·²ÁC¼£¾
*¼³=Ë?Á>ì·j¶=>ÿºÆÌfr¿¶=>ÿº(ôÁ>£ºÌb¢Ä¶µnº «¶)Ì×=Ǻ
Äɪ LÐ>Q (¹>»£¶= h[¿² Åf²c OÈbU >þÆÆfÈ ¶= OÈa>UÙ= aeÆÆ
*ͧ·¶= ÄÉ·¢ Kr¾ >º Gj} ¼³= £I Åd Á? ¹>¯È b¯ª ÍÈ×Æ Í»·²
OÈb=s¾Æ(ÇIο£OÈb=LaeÆÍ»·³¶=ÅdÂÁ?ÇÂH=Ç=Æ
®bqÆ ÊEÀºAÀº¼Ã·¶= 6ÇÂÄEÁÇRJ=ÄÈÆfÈ>»² Är¿ª *>ÃÉ·¢¹bÈ
=dÂÆ >£I=ÍÈ×ÆÈ×ÆÆÈ×ÆÄJÈ×ÆÁDªG¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢¹ÇJÉ·ª
Ê·¢ÇJɶÄEÀºAÀºÇ¢bȹÇif¶=cC(Ìfr¿¶=>ÿºa=f=Á?£Ès¿¶=
*=ÇJȹÇif¶=ÇJÈÀºÆ¹Çif¶=ÇJÈÅ×ÇJÈÀºÁÙ(G¶>{ÊE?ÀE=
È×ÆÄJÈ×ÆÁDª 6Ð>«¶>EF£J¶=Ð>Q´¶d¶Æ(ÍÈ×ÆÍ»·²Î¿£ºÇÂ=dÂ
Á?ǯª¼Ã«ÈËd¶=¸EËd]?ÇÂÁ>ì·j¶=Åd]?ÁDª¼Ã«ÈÁ?À³×Æ
ʶÆð>É·¢Á?>Ãɪaeƶ=OÈa>UÙ=¤ÉÁ?fÃÈ´¶dEÆ*ÊIfr¾ÄIfr¾
ÄJÈ×ÆÁÙÅǶÇJÈÁ?Æ (ÄI×=Ǻ¼ÃÉ·¢Á?Æ(¼Â×ǺƹÇif¶=b£E¿ºÖ=
ͧ·¶= GjU >Âj«I ÏfQ >»Ãº OÈa>UÙ= Åd ¤É (¹Çif·¶ ÍÈ×Æ
ο£ºGj}×¼³=ʶÇIÊì£IÁ?À³×ľDªÁAf¯¶=tÇr¾GjUÆ
*ÌeDzd=OÈa>UÙ=Laeƶ=¸»=>ãuÆGj}×Æ(Í»·³¶=
Åb£EÀºÍªØ[>Eð>É·¢¬·^Ji=¹Çif¶=Á?η¢ðØɶaÁdzIÁÙX·rIت
*>ÃET>RJU×=dÒ¿ÉU¯jɪ
ͯJnºÍ»·³¶=ÁDzÁ?>»Â=bUC6J¶@jºCÄF¿¾Á?bE×>¿ÂÆ
4.
Á?Æ Î¿£= bVJI Ìa>= Åd L>¯Jnº ¤É Á? £È × Í¿É£º Ìa>º Àº
b®Æο£»·¶Í»·²ÀºfN²?ͧ·¶=Êì£Ib®¸E*Ïf]Ù=ο£ºÊì£I>Â=bUC
(>¦ο£==dÂÊì£È×Æ(ĶK£uÆð=bU=Æο£ºò×CÍ»·³·¶Êì£I×
a>×=£È×±>¯Jm×>EL>»·³¶=a>>ª *Hf£¶=¤uÆGjUÄ·²´¶cÆ
À¢f¿¶=x§EHf£¶=>Ä£uÆËd¶=>Â>¿£ºÍ»·³¶=d]@I¸E(ο£=
´¶c ¤ºÆ ÌbU=Æ Ìa>º Àº >»Â Ð>Q? Í»·²Æ Ð>Q Í»·³ª *±>¯Jm×= Ìa>º
£F¶= >Â>¿£º ÁÇ¿¶= fj³E Çv¿¶=Æ (@? >Â>¿£º Ð>Q?Æ (ÎI? >Â>¿£º Ð>Rª
Àº ÁDz £È × Çº Í»·²Æ *°·= HÇN¶= >Â>¿£º ÁÇ¿¶= ¼vEÆ ¹ÆhÃ=
£È´¶cÁdzÈÁ?(l>¿¶=Æ?ÆfºÚ¶Ê¶ÇJ=ÆfºÙ= frJ=>Ãɾ>£º
Àº >»Ã¾Ù Á>ì·j¶=Æ ¼³= £I fºÙ= Ê¶Æ Í»·² ÁÙ Á>ì·j¶=Æ ¼³=
ʶÇJ=ÆfºÙ=frJ=Æ(ο£=fºÙ=ʶƦÇ>ª*bU=Ʊ>¯Jm=
>ÇºÆ *¼²>>EÍq>]fºÙ=ʶǪ *ο£=fºÙ=ʶƦð>vÈ?fºÚ¶
fº?¸²frJ=£IfºÙ=frJ=Æ *¼³=>ÿºkɶôÁ>£ºÌb¢
ͧ·¶= ÁÙ (¼³= £I >þ? >ÿº ¼Ã«È ×Æ (ÄqÇr~ ¼²>= £I ×Æ
ο£ºÀºÍ»·³·¶Hf£¶=¤uÆ>ºÎ·¢ÍÉ«É®ÇIͶ@jºÍ¶@j=Æ*>´¶c¤vI
*L×Ƕb=¬·JÀºÆ?L>»·³¶=¥Ç»
Àºs^n¶=¼Ã«È>ºGjU×
Á>ì·j¶=Æ ¼³= ο£º Hf£¶= > ¤vÈ ½=a >º Ǻ Í»·² ÁDª ÄÉ·¢Æ
ÀÑ=f¯¶=Á?Êê(Íɾ>N¶=Ͷ@j=>º?*ÌbU=ÆÅdÂ*>ð¯·ìº>ÃEfj«IتÍU=fq
Ķ>ãuÆËd¶=>Â>¿£º¦Î¿£ºÍ»·³¶=Êì£I×K¾>²>»ÃºÍ·»=
Æ? Ͳn= ʾ>£= Àº ο£º £I ÀÑ=f¯¶>ª *¼=Ç®? XÈfq Hf£¶=
ο£º Í»·³·¶ ÀÑ=f¯¶= Åd ¸£ ×Æ (Ŧ À¢ ĪfrIÆ Í»·³·¶ Ìa>vJ=
Laeƶ=¸»î=Æ(µnº «¶ÇºÍ»·³ª *Hf£¶=>Ä£vÈð=bÈbQ
4/
Ádzª *=ðbÈbQο£º>ÃÉì£I×>ÿ³¶Æ(ʾ>£=ÅdÂÀºÎ¿£º>£I>Ãɪ
OÈbU Æ? (·¯N¶= OÈbU Ķ ¹>¯È Ëd¶= OÈb= LÐ>Q Ǻ Í»·²
Ê·£¶»·j=e>FJ¢=η¢O=η¢¹bI¸»î=ÀºÀÑ=f®LÐ>QÆ(fÈb§¶=
ÁdzÈÁ?ÇÂÆð=bÈbQο£º>ÃÉì£È× =dÂÁDª(¹Çif·¶ ¼Âe>FJ¢=η¢Ð>¿E
>¿ÂÀºÆ *ο£==dÂ>¤vIͧ·¶=Kº=a>º(¹Çif¶=b£Eð>»²>UÊ·¢
Àº ʶÆÆ Çº Í»·² Äɪ LÐ>Q > Å¦Æ fÈb§¶= OÈbU Á? fÃÈ
Ådο£==dÂHf£¶=¤uƽb£¶Í«É·]ð>É·¢Á?>ÿºF¿JjÈ×OÈa>UÙ=
*ÍU=fqL>»·³¶=
¯jÈ>ÃIÐ=f®af
ÁDª(Ì>]=Ö=OÈa>U?ÇÂƤE=f¶=s¿¶=>º?Æ
6ÊÂÄɪLaeƶ=tÇr¿¶=ÁDª*>Ã>«¶?Æ>÷ÍÈÕeÀº>ÃET>RJU×=
ºÆ (Ëb¶Æ ÇE?Æ Ê]? (Ê»¢ ÀE=Æ Ê]? (ÊMe=ÆÆ Ê]? K¾?
Ç]?Ê·¢ (ºcÔIÆËb¢ÇºhR¿IÆÈaÊv¯IËfÈgÆÆÊ]? (Êä ¶CÆ
Ø^Ji×=>ÿºF¿JjÈÁ?bUÙÀ³×¸Æ>«¶?>÷²Æ = ¹Çie
>»ÂbU?¿M=EÍq>]eǺ?À¢bÈhI×>þÙ(bÉ£EÀº×ÆGÈf®Àº×
Ê·¢Hf®ÌbmÀ¢£È¹Çif¶>ª*ÅÇ]?ľ@EÄ¿ºf]Û=Hf®ÌbmÀ¢£È
fº?Ë? =dÂkÉ¶Æ *ľÇÈaÊv¯ÈÆÄ¿É£ºÄ¾@EÆ(Ä¿ºÄ¾@EÆÅÇ]?ľ@EÄ¿º
°É¯n¶=¹Çif¶=Ç]?ð>É·¢Á?>¿ufªÇ¶Æ*ͪØ=Ƽ³>EĶͮآ×ƽ>¢
Ķǯª *Åb£EÍ«É·]ÁdzÈÁ?Å>¿£º´¶cÁ?η¢¹bÈ׾Dª(Ä¿E=ľ?Æ?
Ͷ×a×Ƽ³>E>ͮآ״¶c¦Æ?ËfÈgÆÆ?E=Æ?Ê]?K¾?Ê·£¶
×Æͧ¶×(bÉ£EÀº×ÆGÈf®Àº×(ͪØ[=Ø^Ji×=η¢>Ãɪ
Á?η¢ÍRUOÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂX·rIت *ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÆË@E×Æ(ð>¢fm
*>ÃET>RJU×=¯jɪ(Åb£EÀºÍªØ[>EÊ·¢Cbâ¹Çif¶=
40
¬·^Ji=¹Çif¶=Á?XÈfqs¾ÄɪaeÆËd¶=O¶>N¶=¼j¯¶=>º?
OÈbUL>È=ÆeÀºÍÈ=Æe>»ÂbU?6Á>NÈbUÇêÅb£EÀºÍ«É·]Ádzɶð>É·¢
Ëd¶=OÈb=ʾ>N¶=Æ(WfÈb§¶=YH>J²GU>qL>È=ÆeÀºÍÈ=ÆefÈb§¶=
ĶÍÈ=Æef²cľDªfÈb§¶=H>J²GU>qÍÈ=Æe>º?*e=b¶=OÈbUľǻjÈ
>ÃFj¾Ïf]?ÍÈ=Æef²cÆ$«É·]ÆÊÉqÆ%6Í»·²>Ãɪf²dÈÄE>J²¹Æ?
bF¢_Én¶=Ë? )¹>®b¯ªð>fq«É·]ÆÊÉqÆ «¶>ÃɪaeÆËì·¶
6Á=Ç¿¢KÄE>J²fÈb§¶=H>J²GU>qÊ«R¿¶=ɺÙ=b?j=
fÈfQ ÀE b» f«£Q ÇE? ª>= 6Är¾ >º ) hÈh£¶= H>J² fÈb§¶=
±f{ÍÈ×Ƕ=H>J² )Åa>¿iDETf]? *[ /-,Í¿iÇJ=Ëì¶=
¼à] fÈb§E U ¿¶= ¹h¾ > 6¹>®¼®e?ÀEbÈgÀ¢ ) fÈb§¶=OÈbU
L>UÆb¶>Efº?bÈbmfUÆÎVv¶=K®ÆÁ>²Æ¥=aǶ= ÍRUÀºÄ¢ÇQe
= ÁC 6¹>® ¼M ͧ¶>E ÍFì] Gì^ª >¿£»JQ>ª Í£º>Q ÌØr¶= Ïa>¾Æ K绯ª
_0ÙÓ W \-VÙ ×#\ÈÙÝV" Ô2 D¯XT \¯Pq C°% \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê W% Ö×°M W @6ʶC¹h¾?>£I
½Ç®?Á?ÊEeÀ¢¸ÈQʾfº?b®Æ > ¥= ]C°% \À-¦¡ØÈWc XT ÈOW*V\y®q
ÊÉqÆÆÊ]?G¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢Á?aÇi?ÆxÉE?¸²¼·¢?ÆbÃn==dÂ
ÅdÂÆ *¼] fÈb¦ OÈbU L>È=Æe ÏbUC Åd *Ëb£E ½>ºÝ=Æ «É·]Æ
Ø^Ji×=Æ ÍÈ>qǶ= Àº >Ãɪ ¸É® >º ¸£ >Ãr¾Æ ÍÈ=ea aßfIà ÍÈ=Æf¶=
6ÅÇQÆÌb£¶´¶cÆĶ¸q?×ðØ{>E¹Çif¶=b£Eͺ>ºÝ=Æ
b£E K¶h¾ >CÆ ¥=aǶ= ÍRU ¹h[¿I ÍÈÛ= Åd ÁC 6>ÂbU?
ÌbÑ>=ÌeÇiÆ(ÌbÑ>=ÌeÇiÀº ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂÁDª(ÍÉFÈb=½>¢XJ«¶=ÌeÇi
X·q Àº U Ä¢ÇQe Ð>¿M? K¶h¾ XJ«¶= ÌeÇiÆ XJ«¶= ÌeÇi b£E K¶h¾
6ÍÈA¹Æh¾K®Æ\ÇuÆÆÍ{>jFEËfI¬Vr=CÌbU=ÆÌf¾Æ*ÍÉFÈb=
41
ÁdzJª *XJ«¶=b£EK¶h¾>þ?ËfIÆ > \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê W% Ö×°M W Ä$SÀym SM{iU
Wc @
¼]fÈb¦OÈb}>ͮآ×Æ¿i¤Ee@E¥=aǶ=ÍRU¸F®K¶h¾ÍÈÛ=
¸rUľC¹Ç¯I¼]fÈb¦OÈbUL>È=Æe¤ÉÁÙ(L>È=Æf¶=¤Éη¢
Äɪ¼¢g>ºÁØìFE¤ì¯¶=ÆOÈb=af¶>²ÅbUÆ=dÂÆ*¥=aǶ=ÍRU
*Ø^Ji×=ÆÍÉqǶ=Àº
¹Çif¶=Á?>úÇëºÆ>îÇ쿺XÈfqÍÈÛ=ο£ºÁC6>Ãɾ>M
*ÍɺØiÝ=Ͷ>if¶=ÇÂÄEeÀºÄɶC¹h¾?>ºÆ(ÄEeÀºÄɶC¹h¾?>º¨É·FJEfº?
D¯XT @6ÍÈÛ=k«¾Ä¶Ç®Å¦ÁÆaaÇr¯=ο£=ÅbUÆÄ·£Æ´¶c£ÈÆ
× ´¾Dª ´É¶C ¹h¾? >º ¨·FI ÁCÆ Ë? > ÈOW*V\y®q _0ÙÓ W \-VÙ ×#\ÈÙÝV" Ô2
Ͷ>ie > \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê W% @6ĶǯEa=f=Á@Es¾=dÂÆ(ÄJ¶>ieK§·EÁdzI
LaeÆ >»NÉU > Ö×°M W @ 6Í»·² ÁDª ´¶c ±ÇªÆ *f]A >ðÒÉm kÉ¶Æ =
ÁAf¯¶= ο£==d¦afIÆ(=Ͷ>ie¨É·FI>ÿºa=f>ªÁAf¯¶=
(> r°PXq °0Q \y®q ×1ÅÅÓ°M WÊ @ (> °0Q \y®q WDSÅÓ°M WÄc @6>[£I¹>® *>ð¯·[ìº
×1ÁÈ*ÙÓQ ×U @ (> ×1¯M®JXq °0Q \y®q SÅÓQ ×U @ (> °O¯ Á0Ú ¦y×qÊ % ÅÅÓ°M WÊ XT @
W$®s5Ê W% @6Í»·²ÁDªð>vÈ?Æ*> à°O¯Á0Ú ¦y×qÊ %ÅÈ*ÙÓQ ×U @(> r°PXq°0Q \y®q
=d¦afIÆÍ£Èfn¶=>ÿºa=f>ªÁAf¯¶=LaeÆ>»NÉU > \ÙkV¯
W%XT \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê RÝ° WDSÄ=°%ØUÄc WÛÏ°XT @6>£I¹>® *>ð¯·ìºÁAf¯¶=ο£=
X=ÙjV¯W$®s5Ê W%XT¯<W%XÄ @(> X=ÙjQ WÃW$®s5Ê \-¯ÀC°%ØUÈ5 @(> \° ×VC°%W$®s5Ê
×#É @(> °O¯PqC°%°OÙkV¯W$®s5Ê \-¯Ä$SÀym]CW%XÄ @(> ]2°FXmׯrQ¯W$®s5Ê W%XT
©#ØFU ÕC°% D¯XT @ (> ]1j°FXmׯ rQ"Wà W$®s5Ê W%XT X=ÙjQ Wà W$®s5Ê W%XT ¯ <W%XÄ
WDSÀ-ª=V"×#\F @(> ×1¯M×nV¯W$®s5Ê W%XT×1ÅÙkV¯W$®s5Ê W%XT¯ÀC°%ØUÄcC\-Vª W*¦Ù
SÄ%VU ×1ÆM;U ×SVXT @ (> Ä#×V C°% W$®s5Ê W%XT V<ÙjV¯ W$®s5Ê W%XT ¯ =W%XÄ ØDU +Y¯ =°%
42
VRXq×S* SÀ-jªÉ" ³/[O @ (> ×1¯M®Jq C°K% 1¯M×nV¯ W$®s5Ê W%XT #k¦I80_XT VRXq×S*
\ÙkV¯W$®s5Ê %1ÆMØ@°K%=nm°9[ E\ic®t]mVXT ×1ůPqC°K%1ÅÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê W%XT#k¦I80_XT
@ (> :mÙÝÅXT ;=XkÙÓÉ» \¯Pq C°%
sXmV" ª$SÀym rQ¯ W$®s5Ê W% SÄÈ°-\y Vl¯XT
6Í[ÈAÆ *ÁAf[¯¶=L>[ÈÛ=¤É=d[³ÂÆ > §ÌÙ%
|¦°% ùk°ÝV" Ô2ÀIX=ÄjÕÃU
>Ãɪƹh¾?>ºÍ»·²>÷F®¶=ÍÈÛ=Lf²cb® > \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê W% Ö×°M W @
¶=ÍÈÛ= «·¶=Á?ÎJU(Í£Èfn¶=ÇÂbU=Æο£>Âb£E¶=ÍÈÛ=Æ
Ä·²=dÂÆ > \¯Pq C°% \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê W% @6>ÃɪËd¶= «·¶=k«¾ÇÂ>Âb£E
Í£Èfn¶=ÇÂ> \ÙkV¯W$®s5Ê W%Ö×°M W @6ĶǮ> \ÙkV¯W$®s5Ê W% @6ο£ºÁ?£È
> Ö×°M W @6J»·³¶=I>ÂÀºÍ»·²¸²¤FJJÈÀº¸³¶Xu=ÆÇÂÆ*ÍɺØiÝ=
*ÁAf¯¶=L>ÈA¤É> \ÙkV¯W$®s5Ê W% @Æ
Fºz>º¸£ª> \ÙkV¯W$®s5Ê W% @6ĶǮ> W$®s5Ê @6ÁC6>ÃN¶>M
Ë?(=ÀºÄɶC¹h¾?Á?°Fiħ·FÈÁ?Ä¿ºbÈfÈ>ºÁ?£ÈÇÂƹÇÃR»·¶
l>¿¶=¨·FÈÁ?¹Çif¶=fº@È>ª(¹Çif¶=η¢¹h¾?ÆÊUǶ=ÄEÐ>QÁ?°Fi
¨É·FI×(ÍÈÛ=¹Æh¾¸F® ¹h¾ ÐÊm¨É·FIο£=Ádzɪ *ÄɶC¹h¾?Æ°Fi>º
ÅfjªÆ ħɷFJE fº?Æ Ä¾@m ÍÈÛ= K¶h¾Æ ÍÈÛ= ¹Æh[¿E ¸q>U £º fº?
>ðUfm OÈb= ¸£Q ÎI@JÈ × ´¶d¶ *Ø^Ji×=Æ ÍÉqǶ= ľ@E ¹Çif¶=
ÍÈÛ=ÁdzI(ÍÈÛ=¹Æh¾GFiÁdzÈËd¶=OÈb=ÁÙ *ÍÈÛ=¹Æh¾GFj¶
(ĶÇrUK®ÆÐÊmK¶h¾ÁdzJªOÈb=>Âf²dȶ=ÍMa>=K¶h¾
×>¿ÂÀºÆ *ÍÈÛ=¹h[¿IÁ?¸F®¸rUÐÊm¨É·FI>þ@EÍfqÍÈÛ=ÅdÂÆ
*¹Æh[¿·¶ð>FFiOÈb=X·rÈ
¼i= > \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê W% @ 6ĶǮ > W% @ 6Í»·² ÁC 6>ãE=e
ð=bU=Æð=fº?ÄɶC¹h¾?>ºÁdzÈÁÙX·rIÊÂÆÌaÇr¯ºÌf³¾Æ?¹ÇqǺ
43
ð>º>³U?Æ Ìab£Jº =ðeǺ? ÄɶC ¹h¾? >º ÁÇ³È Á? X·rIÆ (ð=bU=Æ >ð»³UÆ
Á?X·rÈÆ(´É¶C¹h¾?Ëd¶=¼³=¨·E>Â>¿£ºÁdzÈÁÙX·rÈË?*ÌN²
£ÈËd¶=Æ *½>³UÙ=ÆeǺÙ=Àº´É¶CÅ>¿¶h¾?>º¤É¨·E>Â>¿£ºÁdzÈ
Á?FJÈ>Ãɪ°É®bJ¶=À¢ðØvªÍÈÛ=ÌÐ=f®af
ÀºÆ*Í¿Èf¯¶=ÇÂÉ¿£=bU?
¤ÉÇÂ> W% @6ο£ºÁ?ÄJ¶>ieĶǮ£È> ÈOW*V\y®q_0ÙÓ W\-VÙ @6ĶǮ
Ëd¶=¼³= > W% @6ο£ºÁdzÈÁ?Ê«¿ÈÆ(=Ͷ>ieÇÂƴɶC¹h¾?>º
´É¶C¹h¾?>ºÎ¿£ºK¿ÉEb®ÄJ¶>ieÍ»·²ÁDz±Çª(ð>£{>®ð>É«¾´É¶C¹h¾?
*=Ͷ>ieľ@E
]C°% \À-¦¡ØÈWc XT @ 6ÍÈÛ= ½>J] >£I ĶǮ ÁC 6>Ãjº>]
Á>º?ƹÇif·¶=Àº»ìI > ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ W3×SVÙ s°iØMXi Y D¯ ¥=
ÀºÁdzÈ×»ìJ¶==dÂÆ(ÄJ¶>ie¨É·FIÐ=fQÀºÄFÉrÈËd¶=ÏcÙ=ÀºÄ¶
¨É·FIÀºÄFÉrÈÏc?Àº»ìIÇÂ>CÆ£º¼³U¨É·FIÀºÄFÉrÈÏc?
½>J]ο£»ª *¹>J¯¶=ÄFVrÈ>çɷFIÁ>²=cC>»Éi×Æe>«³·¶>÷²Í¶>if¶=
ľÙ*l>¿¶=Ïc?Àºa>Ã=Íìi=ÇEͶ>if¶=Åd¨ɷFI´»r£È=ÆÍÈÛ=
¹>J¯¶= Ë? a>Ã= Ê Ͷ>if¶= ¨É·FI ͯÈf{ K¾>² ÍÈÛ= Åd K¶h¾ U
Ë?ĶͪØ[=¸£QäÊ·¢a>jUÀº´»r£Èa=fÈÁ?À³×Æ*¬Éj¶>E
Í»r£¶=ÁÙ*¼>Nº?ÆÁ>»N¢Æf»¢Æf³EÊE?Àº¼Ç®bUη¢Ä»r£È
ĶǮe>«³¶=¼Âl>¿¶>Ea=f=Á?£ÈÆ *¿ºÖ=Àº×l>¿¶=ÀºÍÈÛ=
=b¢ÆÁdzÈÄÉ·¢Æ *> ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ W3×SVÙ s°iØMXi Y D¯ @6ÍÈÛ=½>J]
Á? £ÈÄɶC¹h¾?>º ¨É·FI e>«³¶=Ïc?ÀºÄ«UÆÄJÈ>¹Çif·¶
¨·EÆ°Fi¹Çif¶=ÁC¹>¯Èb®*½ØiÝ=Ͷ>ie¨É·FIÍÈÛ=¨É·FJ¶=Àºa=f=
¼Ñ>®ÇÂƴɶC¹h¾?>º¨·EĶǯ¶Î¿£ºØªÍÈÛ=Åd¹Æh¾¸F®Í¶>if¶=
44
bU? À¢ Tf × ¨É·FJ¶>E fºÙ= =d Á? Ç ´¶c η¢ H=Ç=Æ *¨É·FJ¶=
´¶>¿ÂÁdzÈÁ?>ºCÆ(>ç·FÈÆͶ>if¶=¼J²¹Çif¶=ÁdzÈÁ?>äºC6ÀÈfº?
(>£·¶Í¶>if·¶¨É·FI½b¢¼Ã§É·FI½b¢J£ÈÆ(b£EͶ>if¶=¼Ã§·FÈl>¾?
(ħ·FÈÆÄɶC¹h¾?£º¼³ð>¾>»J²£ÈfºÙ==dÂÁdzÈÁ?À³×Æ
bU=Ƽ³UÁ>»J²ÁÙ´¶cÆ(ÄE×CͶ>if¶=¼JI×£º¼³ð>§É·FI×Æ
ÁdzÈÁ?¸ÉVJjɪ>÷²ÄJ¶>ieÁ>»J³²ÄJ¶>ieƹÇif¶=ÌÇF¾À£ìÈ
Ê«¿IÊê > ÈOW*V\y®q _0ÙÓ W \-VÙ @6¹Ç¯IÍÈÛ=ÁÙÆ(£º¼³ð>¾>»J²
>»Éi×(ð>¿É£ºð>»³U¨·FÈľ?×(Ͷ>if¶=¨·FÈľ?£È=dÂÆ *¨É·FJ¶=
¨·FÈÁ>²½ÇȹÆ?Àº¹Çif¶=Æ *Ͷ>if·¶ð>§É·FIJ£ÈbU=Ƽ³U¨É·FIÁ?Æ
×=dÆ*>ð§É·FI¼³U¸²Ä§É·FIJ£ÈÁ>²Æ(ð>»R¿º>Æh¾GjU½>³UÙ=
¨·FÈľ?Í·»=ÄÉì£IËd¶=¸E(ð>¿É£ºð>»³U¨·FIο£=ÁdzÈÁ?À³
ÍÈÛ=Åd¹Æh¾¸F®Ä¾?KFMÆ(¨É·FJ¶=½b¢ÄÉ·¢¸ÉVJjÈľ?>Æ *Ͷ>if¶=
(b£EͶ>if¶=¼Ã§·FÈð>i>¾?´¶>¿ÂÁ?ÍÈÛ=¹Æh¾Î¿£ºÁdzɪ(¨·FÈÁ>²
ð>§É·FIJ£È×Ͷ>if·¶¨É·FJ¶=Æ(>£·¶Í¶>if·¶¨É·FI½b¢¼Ã§É·FI½b¢J£ÈÆ
ÀÈd¶=l>¿·¶Í¶>if¶=¨É·FJE=Åfº?´¶d¶ *>£·¶ð>§É·FIÁ>²=cC×C>
ͯÈfìE¨É·FJ¶==dÂÁdzÈÁ?Æ(ð>§É·FIJ£ÈÎJU>£·¶>çɷFJEË?(¼Ã§·FÈ
Á>²b®Æ(ÍÉFÈb=X·qb£E¹Çif¶=η¢K¶h¾ÍÈÛ=Á?=dÂbÈÖÈÆ*a>Ã=
¼Â _Èe>J¶= ´¶c ÎJU ÌÇ¢b¶= fn¿¶ ¹Çif¶= ÄEe> Ëd¶= ÊjÉÑf¶= Æb£¶=
e=f»Ji×>E=Åfº@ª(a>Ã=¨É·FJ¶=ǮƼëÈ>e¼ÃV·rFª(oÈf®
½Æf¶=Æ Hf£¶= Àº ¼Ã§·FÈ ÀÈd¶= l>¿¶= Ê®>F¶ a>Ã= ͯÈfìE ¨É·FJ¶=
J£ÈÎJU>£·¶Í¶>if·¶ >ð§É·FIħɷFIÁdzÈÎJU¼Â¦ÆF¯¶=Ælf«¶=Æ
¸I>®ÍÈÛ=Åd¹Æh¾b£Fª(¸£«¶>E¸rU>º=dÂÆ*ÍÉ>£¶=Ͷ>if¶=Ådð>§É·FI
45
C¼^uoÉQGÂcÆ(ÍIֺͲf£ºhÃQÆ(É]aÇÃɶ=¹Çif¶=
F¯¶=Æ le>ª µÇ·º GI>²Æ (ͳº XJªÆ (>Ãɪ ½>®?Æ ½Æf¶= He>Vɶ µÇFI
> \ÙkV¯W$®s5Ê W%Ö×°M W @6ĶǮ¹Æh¾Î¿£ºÄ¿ºXvJÈ>µÇ·=fÑ>iƽÆf¶=Æ
> ¥= ]C°% \À-¦¡ØÈWc XT @6Ä¶Ç®Æ > ÈOW*V\y®q _0ÙÓ W \-VÙ @6ĶǮÆ
*> ]Cc®m°ÝVÙW3×SVÙs°iØMXiYD¯ @6ĶǮÆ
ľDªÍ¦ØF¶=Sþ\fmƹ>»£¶= h[¿²ÄÈÆfÈ>»²e=b¶=OÈbU>º?Æ
¹Çif¶=>¢a> |ÚܯXmÙ)]\V"Xnm°WÃ×qªk5U XT @6K¶h¾>6Ê·È>»Éªs^·JÈ
dÉ«¿JE Ê·¢ ½>¯ª (G·ì= bF¢ ¹A ÌÇ¢aÆ ½>£ì¶= vVJE Ä«·²Æ >ðÉ·¢
E >È 6>ðF{>] ¼Ã¿ÉE ¹Çif¶= ¬®Æ (=ÆÇIe=Æ ½Ç¯¶= ¤Fm Á? b£EÆ *fº=ÆÙ=
> ¸vª@E ĺǮ Ð>Q Hf£¶= >ðE>m Á? ¼·¢? >º =Æ Ê¾C G·ì= bF¢
¼²Ç¢a?Á?=ʾfº?b®Æ(Ìf]Û=Æ>ɾb¶=~¼³JÒQb®Ê¾C(ÄE¼³JÒQ
«É·]ÆÊÉqÆÆ Ê]? ÁdzÈÁ? η¢fºÙ==dÂη¢ ʾeg=Öȼ³È>ªÄɶC
6Ø
ð Ñ>®H>Q?b¯ª(ð>¿i¼ÃMbU?ÇÂÆð>É·¢×CÌÇ¢b¶=À¢½Ç¯¶=¼RU?(¼³Éª
½Ç¯¶=¹=hÈ×ƹǯ¶=a>¢?b¯ª¿¶=>º?(ÄÉ·¢µfÈgÆÁDz?=¹Çie>È>¾?
¹>®Æ Ê·¢ ÍF®fE ¿¶= d]? dÑb¿¢Æ (¹ÇF¯¶= >ð¿·£º Ê·¢ ¹=hÈ ×Æ (»R
½Ç¯¶=Æ (=Ç£É{?Æ Ä¶ =Ç£>ª ¼³Éª «É·]Æ ÊÉqÆÆ Ê]? =d 6ÀÈfu>V·¶
e=a Àº ÁÇQf ¼ÂÆ G¶>{ ÊEÙ =Ƕ>® b®Æ ÄIÇ¢aÆ ¿¶= Àº ÁdzVvÈ
>»²e=b¶=OÈbUÍqØ]Åd *¤ÉìIÆ´¿Eפ»jIÁ?µfº?b® 6¿¶=
*>ÃEÁÇRJ=>ÃÈÆfÈ
\V"Xnm°Wà ×qªk5U XT @ 6K¶h¾ ½ÇÈ ÍMa>U Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆe b®Æ
ÏÆe *½>£ì¶=a=b¢CÆfÈÆ>«r¶=η¢b£q¹Çif¶=Á@E > |ÚܯXmÙ)]
ľ?Äɪf²dÈƽ>£ì¶=¤¿qÀ¢ð>NÈbU(NÈbUÅb¿jº¸F¿UÀEb?
5,
¤¿qľ?Äɪf²cð>NÈbUÆ> |ÚܯXmÙ)]\V"Xnm°WÃ×qªk5U XT @6K¶h¾½ÇÈÁ>²
6>Ãɪ>ºF¾¼Mð×Æ?tÇr¿¶=ÅdÂzf£¾Æ*ÍÈÛ=K¶h¾½ÇȽ>£ì¶=
> 6 ¹>® >»Ã¿¢ = Êue l>F¢ ÀE= À¢ Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆe
¸£Rª>«r¶=η¢U¿¶=b£q> |ÚܯXmÙ)]\V"Xnm°WÃ×qªk5U XT @6 K¶h¾
¸Qf¶=¸£Rª=Ç£»JQ=ÎJUoÈf®ÁÇìF¶(Ëb¢E>È(fêE>ÈËa>¿È
oÈf®ÆGÇE?Ð>Rª(ÇÂ>ºf¿É¶ð×Çie¸ie?(TfÁ?¤ìJjÈ=cC
¼J¿²? ¼³É·¢ §I Á? bÈfI Ëa=Ƕ>E ðØÉ] Á? ¼³I]? Ƕ ¼³JÈ?e? 6¹>¯ª
ËbÈE¼³¶fÈd¾Ê¾Dª6¹>®(ð>®bq×C´É·¢>¿EfQ>º¼£¾=Ƕ>® ; Ê®brº
6K¶h[¿ª ; >¿J£=d[?(½Çɶ=fÑ>[i´¶ð>FI6GÇE?¹>¯ª *bÈbm H=d¢
=dÂÆ *> _ _ W%XT Ä ÉW% ÈOØ<Wà ³RBÙÎU W% §ª¨ V"XT \IV r°U \iWc Õ0V" @
@ 6K¶h¾ ½ÇÈ À³I ½>£ì¶= ¤¿q ÍMa>U Á? η¢ ¹bÈ
\V"Xnm°WÃ ×qªk5U XT
ÀEb?ÏÆeÆ *OÈb=s¾aeÆ>º¤º¼ÒJ·I×>þ٠> |ÚܯXmÙ)]
̧=ÀEÁ>»N¢À¢Í¾=Ç¢ÇE?>¿MbU(Á>«¢>¿MbU6¹>®Åb¿jº¸F¿U
Æ? U=¹Çie¤6¹>®Ê·¢À¢dQ>¾ÀEÍ£ÉEeÀ¢±a>qÊE?À¢
HfnÈÆ Í¢d= ¸²@È ¼Ã·² Âe ¼Ãɪ G·ì= bF¢ E = ¹Çie >¢a
½>£ì¶=ʯEƹ>®(=Ç£FmÎJU=Ç·²@ª½>£{Àºð=bº¼¤¿rª¹>®(±f«¶=
ľ@²H=fn¶=ʯEÆ=ÆÆeÎJU=ÇEfnªôf»à§Eå>¢a¼M(kľ@²ÇÂ>»²
CÆÍq>]¼³¶KN£EʾC(G·ì=bF¢E>È 6¹>¯ª(HfnÈÆ?k
ÁdzÈÁ?η¢£È>Fȼ³È@ª¼JÈ?e>º ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂÀº¼JÈ?eb®Æ(ͺ>¢l>¿¶=
½Ç¯¶=f§q? K¿²ÆÄɶCK»¯ª6¹>®(bU?ÄɶC¼¯È¼·ª¹>® ; U>qÆÊ]?
ÎJU(k·Q=¹Ç¯ÉªÄɶC½Ç®?´¶c¸²L=fºPØM6¹>®*k·Q=6¹>¯ª6¹>®
f²c׾?FJÈÄ¿ºÆ *s¿¶=ÎÃJ¾= ËbÈη¢ÅbÉEHfuÍN¶>N¶=Á>²
5-
¼ÃÉ·¢zf¢¹Çif¶= ÁCÆ > |ÚܯXmÙ)] \V"Xnm°Wà ×qªk5U XT @6¹Æh¾ÍMa>
*>ðÒÉmÊ·£¶¸¯ÈÆÄFU>qƹÇif·¶ð>]?À³È¼·jÈÀºÆ½ØiÝ=
>¿MbU 6¹>®Åb¿jº¸F¿UÀEb?ÏÆeb¯ªÍɾ>N¶=ÍÈ=Æf¶=>º?Æ
=bF¢ÀEa>F¢À¢¹>ÿ=À¢o»¢Ù=À¢´Èfm>¿MbUfº>¢ÀEaÇi=
> |ÚܯXmÙ)]\V"Xnm°WÃ×qªk5U XT @6ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂK¶h¾>6¹>®Ê·¢À¢ËbiÙ=
6¹>® =ÇEfmÆ =Ç·²@ª (ÁÇMØM ¤»JQ>ª (ÄJÉE ¸Â? Àº U ¿¶= ¤ 6¹>®
ÁdzÈÆ (Í¿= Ê£º ÁdzÈÆ ËbÉ¢=ÇºÆ áÈßa ¢ À»vÈ Àº 6¼¹>¯ª
Àºð=f}K¿²K¾?=¹Çie>È6´ÈfmÄ»jȸQe¹>¯ª; Ê·Â?«É·]
Ê·¢¹>¯ª(ÄJÉE¸Â?η¢´¶czf£ª6¹>® (f]Û=¹>®¼M6¹>® *=dÃE½Ç¯È
Ä·Â? Àº G·{ ¹Çif¶= Á? FJÈ Ä¿ºÆ *s¿¶= ÎÃJ¾= >¾? 6Ä¿¢ = Êue
ÁdzÈÆ Í¿= Ä£º ÁÇ³È ´¶c Ð=hQÆ ÅbÉ¢=ÇºÆ Ä¿Èa À»vÈ >ðr^m
(ÊÉqÆÍ»·²r¿¶=ÀÈdÂbQÇÈ×Æ *>¾?Ê·¢¹>¯ª(Ä·Â?ÄJ«É·]
(¸ÂÙ= Ìbɯº «É·] Í»·² LaeÆ >CÆ (ͯ·ìº «É·] Í»·² ×Æ
*ÄEĶͮآ×Æ(ͺ>ºÝ=Ƽ³=Gr¿ºÍ«É·=¦¸ÂÙ=Í«É·=Æ
>Ãj«¾ Ê LaeÆÆ \>Vr¶= GJ³¶= LaeÆ ¶= Ê tÇr¿¶= ÅdÂÆ
Í»·²>ãÉ>ÃɪafÈÆ(ÌbU=ÆôÁ>£ºÆÍEe>¯Jº>«¶@EÌab£JºL>È=ÆfE
\>Vr¶= H>Vq? Àº bU? ÆfÈ Æ (ͯ·ìº «É·] Í»·² ×Æ ÊÉqÆ
Í»·² Æ? ÊÉqÆ Í»·² Äɪ >ðNÈbU L>¯N¶= Àº ͯM °Èf{ Àº ×Æ (¼Ã£É
aÇQƽb£¶ÍR=¯jJª(ŧ¶ÍFj¿¶>E×ÆÊ·£¶ÍFj¿¶>E×(ͯ·ìº«É·]
*\>Vr¶=>ÃÉ·¢¸É¶a
ÄÉ·¢ =ǯ·{?Æ Ê·¢ Ø^Ji>E ÁÇRJ Àº Å=Æe Ëd¶= s¿¶= >º?
afÈOÈb=Æ *ÍÈ=eaaÆafºÍÈ=Æf¶=ÅdÃEs¿¶==dÂÁDª(e=b¶=OÈbU¼i=
5.
ÍÈ=eaaeÆ?ÍÈ=Æeae=cDª *b¿j¶=OÉUÀºÍÈ=ÆeÆ(ο£=OÉUÀºÍÈ=ea
6>ÿºeǺ?Ìb£·ªÍÈ=eaÅae>º?*ÄET>RJU×=¯iÆ(Åe>FJ¢=¯i
bF¢ ¹A Ìeg=Öº G·ìÈ ¹Çif¶= Á? ÏfàÈ OÈb= =d 6×ð Æ?
Àº¸{>E=dÂÆ*Åb£EÀºfºÙ=¼ÁdzÈÁ?nÈÆ(ÄIÇ¢aĶG·ì=
>Ãɪxªe¶=ÍMa>= Ä·£ªÆ¹Çif¶=¹Ç®x®>¿Èľ?>»ÂbU?6ÃQÆ
fºÙ= 6¹>®Æ(K»·i?=cCÅb£EÀºfºÙ=>ÁdzÈÁ? fº>¢EÍ·ÉF®G·{
6¹>® U¿¶=ÌiÄE>J²½>nÂÀE=ÏÆeb¯ª *Ð>nÈOÉUÄ£vÈ
=C¼Â>¢bª(Í£r£qÀEfº>¢ÎI?ľ?ËfÂh¶=MbUÆ°Vi=ÀE=¹>®
6l=fªÀEÌfRÉEĶ¹>¯È¼Ã¿º¸QeĶ¹>¯ª(Äj«¾¼ÃÉ·¢zf¢Æ¸QÆh¢
6Ķ ¹>® ¼M (Hf£¶= ÄE K·²Ù oÈf® Àº ÎJ«¶= =d Ld]? ʾ= Ƕ =Æ
>¿¶ÁdzÈ?(´«¶>]ÀºÎ·¢=µfÃ?¼Mµfº?η¢µ>¿£E>IÀÁCKÈ?e?
bÿª?6Ķ¹>¯ª6¹>®*Ð>nÈOÉUÄ£vÈfºÙ= 6¹>®; µb£EÀºfºÙ=
(µfº@E>¿¶ÍQ>U×(>¾§¶fºÙ=Á>²=µfÃ?=cDª(´¾ÆaHf£·¶>¾eÇ
fº? Ë? Ð>nÈ OÉU Ä£vÈ fºÙ= 6¹Çif¶=¹Ç¯È¬É³ª(ÄÉ·¢=ÇE@ª
η¢ ʾeg=ÖÈ ¼³È@ª 6G·ì=bF¢F¶¹Ç¯ÈÆ(Åb£EÀº¼³=Æ ÍªØ[=
ð>v®>¿I´¶ckɶ? ¼³Éª «É·]Æ ÊÉqÆÆ Ê]? ÁÇ³È Á? η¢ fºÙ= =dÂ
e=b¶=OÈbUÁ?>Æ *>ð»JUð=aÆafº¶Ç¯¶=bU?ÁdzÈÁ?bEت ; >ðVu=Æ
Í¿j¶=Ë? > |ÚܯXmÙ)] \V"Xnm°Wà ×qªk5U XT @6K¶h¾UÁ>²Ä¾C¹>¯È
zf¢U¸rUb® Ð>nÈOÉUÄ£vÈfºÙ= 6OÈbUÆÍN£F·¶ÍN¶>N¶=
e=b¶=OÈbUb£EË?ÍN£F·¶Ìfm>£¶=Í¿j¶=Ë?¸Ñ>F¯¶=η¢Äj«¾¹Çif¶=
=d¹Çif¶=Á?Çêʾ>N¶=ÄQǶ=>º? *aÆaf=ÇÂe=b¶=OÈbUÁdzɪ
ÇÂÆeǺÙ=¼¢? ¼¸£ ¸E(=Ç»·jÈÎJU >ðÒÉme>«³·¶¸£ OÈb=
5/
x®>¿È=dÂÆ(½ØiÝ=¼Ç]b¶ð>¿ð>£É»·j=η¢Åb£EÀºÍªØ[=
l>¿¶=Ç¢bÈÁ>²¹Çif¶>ª *¥fn¶=½>³U?x®>¿ÈÆÄIÇ¢a¹Çif¶=¸»¢
ð>ÒÉm¸£Qľ?(¬É£uOÈbU×ÆÄ¿¢ÆfÈÆ(°=ÀÈb¶=ľٽØiÞ¶
¼Ãª ¼ÃEÇ·® Í«¶Ö= >º?Æ *½ØiÝ= ¸]bÈ Á? ¸E>¯º fª>³¶ fN² Æ? ¸ç ®í
ÁÇì£È =ðe>«² =ÇjÉ¶Æ (ͶÆb¶= ¼ÃE ÏǯJJ¶ Ì>²h¶= Àº ÁÇì£È ÁÇ»·jº
=Ç·]bÈÁ?¸E>¯ºð>ÒÉme>«³¶=Îì£ÈÁ?gÇ×Æ(½ØiÝ==Ç·]bɶ
*½ØiÝ=
½>£ì¶= b¢?Æ Í»É¶Ç¶= Æ? b® ¹Çif¶= Á? f²dÈ OÈb= ÁC 6>ðɾ>M
=Ç·]bɶ ½>£ì¶= η¢ ¼Ã£Æ (½ØiÞ¶ ¼ÂÇ¢bÈ Á? ¸Q? Àº e>«³·¶
=ÇvªeƽØiÝ=Ð×ÖÂxªe=cDª(¼·j=Ê·£¶½>£ì¶=¤¿rÈÆ (½ØiÝ=
ÎJU´¶cÊ·£¶Á@mت(=Ç»·jÈÁ?¸E>¯ºÅb£EÀºfºÙ=¼ÁdzÈÁ?
ÄQǺH>ì=×Æ(¼·jºÇÂcC½ØiÞ¶ð=Ç¢bºkɶľÙÍE>QÞ¶ÏbrJÈ
ÊÉqÆÆ Ê]? =d 6Ķ ¹Ç¯È ÎJU ¥>»JQ×= =d Ķ Á@m ت (Ķ
*ÍuÆ>«º¸×ÆH>ì]¸kɶÇÂcC=Ç£É{?ÆĶ=Ç£>ª¼³Éª«É·]Æ
Àº ¼¦f¶>EÆ (½ØiÝ= =Çvªe ½Ç¯¶= Á? f²dÈ OÈb= ÁC 6>ðN¶>M
ÀºfºÙ=¼ÁdzÈÁ?xªeη¢Æf«³¶=η¢=Æfq?¼ÃÉ·¢Äuf¢e=f³I
¹Çif¶= ¼ ¹Ç¯È ¬É³ª =ðe>«² =Ç·Æ (½ØiÝ= ¼Ç]a ¸E>¯º Åb£E
¼·£ÈÇÂÆ(Ķ͢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶>E¼Âfº@ÈÆ ¼³Éª«É·]=d 6¼Â>ÈC >ðF{>
*; e>«²¼ÂƼÃɪͫɷ]ÁdzȬɲÆ; ½ØiÝ==Çvªeb®e>«²¼Ã¾?
«É·]ÆÊÉqÆÆ Ê]? =d 6¹Ç¯I>þÆÆfȶ=ÍÈ=Æf¶=ÁC6>ð£E=e
½Ø³¶=eäbqcC(G·ì=bF¢¹Û H>ì]Çê =Ç£É{?Æ Ä¶ =Ç£>ª ¼³Éª
Ë?(¼Ãɪͫɷ]Ä·£Qb®cC(¼ÃEt>]Çê(G·ì=bF¢E >ÈĶǯE
50
ÁdzÈت ¼³Éª«É·]Æ 6¹>®cC(»·j»·¶Í«É·]×G·ì=bF¢¹A
½Ç»£EÌ£¶=>¿Â¹>¯È×Æ *s¿¶=XÈfqÇÂ>»²»·j»·¶Í«É·]dÒ¿ÉU
Á?À¢ðØvª*>ðFFiKjɶÆ(¢Í£®=ÆÅdÂÁÙ(GFj¶=tÇr~× «·¶=
¼³Éª «É·]Æ (G·ì= bF¢ E >È 6½>£E kÉ¶Æ t>] >ðvÈ? «·¶=
OÉUÀºÆ(ð>FFi × ¢Í£®=ÆÍMa>=ÁDz OÉUÀº ÍÉqÇr=ĺh·Jª
* «·¶=Íɺǻ¢½b¢
OÈb==dÂHd²gÈÁ?>ÿºbU=ÆÊ«³ÈÍ£EeÙ=eǺÙ=Ådê
η¢s¿ÈU¹Çif¶=Á?FJÈ=dÃEÆ*ÍÈ=eaaf¶=GQ=Æľ?Æ(Äv®>¿IÆ
Àº>Â=Æe¶=OÈa>UÙ=Á?FJÈÄ·²´¶cÀºÆ *Åb£EÍ«É·]Ê·¢¸£Q
×ÌaÆafºOÈa>U?Åb£EͪØ[^·¶ð>r^mÀäÉ¢b®U¹Çif¶=Á@EÁÇRJ
ð=bU? ¢ ¹Çif¶= Á? η¢ ¸É¶a Ë? °FÈ ¼·ª *¯jJª T>RJUض X·rI
¹Çif¶=Á? η¢Ë?(´¶ck³¢Î·¢¸É¶b¶=½>®¸E(Åb£E ͪØ[=ÇJɶ
¢Ä¿³¶ÆÁÆbÈfÈÀºÁÆe>Jt>^mÙ=OÉUÀº»·j»·¶fºÙ=µfI
*Í«É·=Gr¾Í¯Èf{¼
Ð>«·]ÁǾdzÈÀÈd¶=t>^mÙ=¢¹Çif¶=Á@E¹Ç¯¶=@ì]>º?Æ
ÀºÆ*>Ãɪð>É·¢¢Ä¾C=Ƕ>®¶=OÈa>UÙ=Ͷ×a½b¢ÀºfÂ>ľDª(Åb£E
Kì¯i =cDª (Ê·¢ Ð>¿E? ¼Ã¾Ù ´¶c ÁÇ¶Ç¯È >C ¼ ͪØ[= ÁC ÁǶǯÈ
*ĶÍFj¿¶>EÍR=ǯj¶ð>£FIÅa×ÆÙÍFj¿¶>EKì¯iÊ·£¶ÍFj¿¶>E¼ÃJRU
Ð>¿E? ͪØ] η¢ Ø
ð ɶa >Âe>FJ¢>E >þÆÆfÈ ¶= OÈa>UÙ= ÁDª ´¶c ±ÇªÆ
>÷²Æ (KÉF¶= ¹BE ͯ·£J= OÈa>UÙ= Ê (ĶÇieÆ = Àº s¿¶>E Ê·¢
fÈb¦OÈbUË?·¯N¶=OÈbUJ£ÈÆ(´¶cÀºfN²?kɶÆ\b=À»vJI
*OÈa>UÙ=Ê®>EÄ£FJIÆÄET>RJU×=ǯi\ÇuÇEFIb®Æ(>>ðQcǼ]
51
ͺ>£¶=L>ɶÆÖj=
ð>Vu=Æð=bÈb¼²>=η¢ÍFQ=Ƕ=ͺ>£¶=L>ɶÆÖj=¥e>n¶=abU
G>ÍFj¿¶>E¼²>=ÍɶÕÇjºEb¯ª *½>ÃECÆ?kF·¶¹>
Ë?¥bÈ×
ÍFj¿¶>E ÄJɶÆÖjº ÀäÉEÆ (ð>»²>U Ä«qÇE Äj«¾ Íq>] ÄÉ·¢ ÁÇ³È Á?
*ÍÉ¢f¶>EÄJ®Ø£¶
ð>»²>UÄ«qÇEÄÉ·¢ÁdzÈÁ?G>ÍFj¿¶>E¼²>=ÍɶÆÖjº>º?
ÀºÆ(¼²>=L>«qx£E>ÃɪU¹Çif¶=ÀäÉE¶=OÈa>UÙ=ÌfÂ>ª
ľ?ÏfȹÇif¶>ª*=ðf«¿ºÁdzÈ×Á?Æ(ÍÉ¢f¶>E°ªf¶=ÆÏǯJ¶=ÆÌǯ¶=>ÂgfE?
ÏÆe*>ð»²>UÁdzÈÁ?X·rÈ׬ɣv¶=Á?Æ(ð>ÈÇ®¼²>=ÁdzÈÁ?G
GU?ʾCÆð>«É£uµ=e?ʾCec>E?>È 6¹>®=¹ÇieÁ?ecÊE?À¢¼·jº
¼·jºÏÆeÆ*¼ÉJȹ>º¶ÇI×Æ¿M=η¢çÁfçº@I×(Êj«¿¶GU?>º´¶
ÅbÉEHfvª6¹>®·»£JjI×?=¹Çie>È 6K·® 6¹>®ð>vÈ?ecÊE?À¢
Ëh]ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ>þCÆ;>º?>þCƬɣu´¾Cec>E?>È6¹>®¼M³¿ºÎ·¢
ÌÇ®>¿ÂÌǯ¶>Ea=f=Æ *>ÃɪÄÉ·¢Ëd¶=Ïa?Æ>ï}>Âd]?Àº×Cͺ=b¾Æ
ÍÉ·¯¢ ÄJÉ·¯¢ ÁdzI Á? bE ت (ÍÉj«¿¶= ÌÇ®Æ ÍÉ·¯£¶= ÌÇ® Ë? (ÍÉr^n¶=
µebȼ²>UÍÉj«¾ÄJÉj«¾ÁdzIÁ?Æ(L>®Ø£¶=ÆeǺÙ=>ÃEµebȼ³U
ÍÉ·E>®>ÃɪÍÉr^n¶=ÌÇ®K¾>²>Æ *º?¬ÈfrIĶÇɺfrÈƺ?ľ?
(¼³VJ¶= fm ÄɯI Í«q ¼²>V·¶ ÁdzI Á? bE × Á>² ¼³VJ¶=Æ ÌfìÉj·¶
*ͺîÚ¶ ÄJÈ>¢e Æ Äj«¾ Íq>] ÏǯJ¶>E >ð«rJº ÁÇ³È Á? bE × Á>³ª
U=¹ÇieÁ>² 6¹>®ÄÉE?À¢ÌbÈfEÀEÁ>»É·iÀ¢b?Ƽ·jºÏÆe
ÀºÄ£ºÀºÆ=ÏǯJEÄJq>]Å>qÆ?ÍÈfiÆ?oÉQη¢ð=º?fäº?=cC
´¶cÁ>²À·£¶=Æfj¶>EÄF®=eÆĪ>]Æ=ίI==cC¼²>=Æ*ð=]»·j=
52
Ìbn¶=ÆÍ·§¶=ÀºÄ£¿×ÏǯJ¶=À³¶Æ *ÍÉ¢f¶>Ea=bFJi×=À¢Ä¶ð=fQ=g
Í£ÉF{ÀºÁ>²ð>»²>UÁ>²>Æ *ÄÉÂ=ǾÆÅfº=Æ@E½hJ·ÈÄJF®=fºÄ¾Ù
ð>¯ÉªeÁdzÈÁ?¥e>n¶=Åfº?´¶c¸Q?ÀºÆ(ð>Éi>®ð=bÈbmÁdzÈÁ?Ä·»¢
¹Ç¯ÈU=¹ÇieK£6K¶>®ÍnÑ>¢À£ª*ÍÉ¢f¶=η¢°nÈ×Á?Æ
ÀºÆ(ÄÉ·¢°¯m>ª(¼ÃÉ·¢°nªð>ÒÉmº? fº?ÀºÊ¶ÆÀº¼Ã·¶= 6=dÂÉE
Á?´¶d²Åfº?Æ *¼·jºÅ=Æe *ÄE°ªe>ª¼ÃE°ªfªð>ÒÉmº?fº?ÀºÊ¶Æ
U=¹ÇieÁ>²6¹>®ÎiǺÊE?À£ª*=ðf«¿ºÁdzÈ×Á?Æð=fnFºÁdzÈ
=ÆfjÈÆ=Æf«¿I×Æ=ÆfnE 6¹>®Åfº?x£EÄE>Vq?Àºð=bU?O£E=cC
*¼·jºÅ=Æe=Æfj£I×Æ
ÍFj¿¶>E>º?(ÄJq>]¼²>=ÄÉ·¢ÁdzÈÁ?G>ÍFj¿¶>E=dÂ
kºÀºÅedUÆ(ÍVÉr¿¶>EÍÉ¢f¶=Í{>UDE¥e>n¶=Åfº?b¯ªÍÉ¢f¶>EÄJ®Ø£¶
ÁdzÈÁ?ÁÆaÅbUƽØiÝ>E¼Ã»³Á@Eĺh¶?Æ(ÐÊnEͺ>£¶=¹=ǺÙ=
Æ?Xr¿EÄJÉ¢eÉ×Ëd¶=¼²>=η¢Í¿==½fUb¯ª*ÐÊmË?Ä£º
bF¢Àº>º 6¹Ç¯ÈU¿¶=K£6¹>®e>jÈÀE¸¯£ºÀ¢*ÐÊnE>Ãn§È
*Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe Í¿=ÍVÑ=ebò×C ÄVr¿E>Ãì¼·ªÍÉ¢e=Å>¢i=
Àº>º 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£6¹>®ð>vÈ?e>jÈÀE¸¯£ºÀ¢ÏÆeÆ
*Í¿=ÄÉ·¢=½çfU ×C¼p>¦ÇÂÆLǻɪ»·j=ÀºÍÉ¢eʷȹ=Æ
ʷȺ?Àº>º 6¹Ç¯ÈU=¹ÇieK£6¹>®¸¯£ºÀ¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ
bÉ£iÊE?À¢ÆÍ¿=¼Ã£º¸]bÈ×CXr¿ÈƼbÃ×¼M»·j=fº?
Åeb¦eb¯EĶ¤ªfÈͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈÐ=Ƕea>¦¸³¶ 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®
¸ÉFibÃ=¹dFª *¼·jºÅ=Æe ͺ>¢ º?Àºð=eb¦¼¢?ea>¦×Æ×?
FÈ>ð>Vu=Æð=bÈbnI¹Çif¶=ÄÉ·¢abmb®ÍVÉr¿¶>E>ÃJ{>UCÆÍÉ¢f¶=
53
=d abmÆ Ä¿º edU b¯ª ͺ>£¶= ¹=ǺÙ= kº >º? *Äɪ ÍɶÆÖj= ¼¢
ÊE?À¢*ľ@ml>¿¶=Gì]ÆÄ«ç¿¢ÄI×ÆÀºô¹=ÆÀºÅAeUÆ(fÈdVJ¶=
>»·ª¼É·iEL>®bqη¢ÍÉFJ·¶=ÀE=¸»£Ji=U¿¶=Á?Ëb¢>j¶=bÉ
KÈbÂ?ÍÈbÂÅdÂƼ³¶Ëd¶==dÂ6¹>®ÄFi>UÆ U=¹ÇieCÐ>Q
ÎJU ´º? KÉEÆ ´ÉE? KÉE Kj·Q Øê 6 U = ¹Çie ¹>¯ª *ʶ
bÆl>¿¶=Gì^ªU=¹Çie½>®¼M; ð>®a>qK¿²ÁC´JÈb´ÉI@I
> eǺ? η¢ ¼³¿º ð×>Qe ¸»£Ji= ʾDª b£E >º? 6¹>® ¼M ÄÉ·¢ οM?Æ =
k·QØê(ʶKÈbÂ?ÍÈbÂÅdÂƼ³¶=d¹ǯɪ¼²bU?ÊI@ɪ=ʾò×Æ
d]@È × =Ǫ ; ð>®a>q Á>² ÁC ÄJÈb ÄÉI@I ÎJU ĺ? KÉEÆ ÄÉE? KÉE
=dÂÆ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈÄ·»Ð>Qò×CįU§Eð>ÒÉm>ÿº¼²bU?
kÁ?ÀºbÈbmfÈdÇÂÆ(Ä·»¢Î·¢ÄJF®>£ºÆĶ=ÍFi>À¢ÍÈ>¿²
*ÏÇJ«¶=ƸÈÆ@J¶=K×Æ(ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÆË@E×Æͺ>£¶=¹=ǺÙ=¼²>=
>ÂabUb¯ª¼²>=>ÃE¼³Á?G¶=½>³UÚ¶ÍFj¿¶>E>º?Æ
a>ÃJQ×=°UĶ¸£QÆ(ĶÇieÍ¿iÆ=H>J³E¼³Á?ĺh¶@ªÄ¶¥e>n¶=
ð>ÒÉm½ØiÝ=¦Àºd]@ÈÁ?Æ?(½ØiÝ=§¶¤·ìJÈÁ?À¢Å>þÆ(>»Ãɪ
¹>® (ÁAf¯¶= L>ÈA Àº Xu=Ǫ Í¿j¶=Æ H>J³¶>E ¼³= bÈb >º? *>ð¯·ìº
¹>®Æ > WDTÄm°ÝVÙ Ä1ÉF \®V
TÊ
VÙ W$Xs5U \-¯ 2ÅÙVVf Ô2 CW%XT @ 6>£I
> |ESÁ¦[ÝÙ Ä1ÉF \®V
TÊ
VÙ W$Xs5U \-¯ 1ÁÙVVf Ô2 CW%XT @ 6>£I
=dÂÆ > WDSÀ-° À Ä1ÉF \®V
TÊ
VÙ W$Xs5U \-¯ 1ÁÙVVf Ô2 CW%XT @6¹>®Æ
Ub»>¾bÉiĶÇieη¢=Ķh¾?Ëd¶=Æ*=Ķh¾?>¼³=frU£È
ð=bɯº¼²>=Ádzɪ *>ð«¶×ο£ºÍ¿j¶=Æ(ο£ºÆð>«¶¼Èf³¶=ÁAf¯¶=ÇÂ
H>J³¶=a>ÃJQ×=¥e>n¶=Ķg>Q?b®Æ*Í¿j¶=ÆH>J³¶=aÆb}Ä»³U
54
ÇE?ÏÆeb¯ª*>»Ã¿º½>³UÙ=>F¿Ji=Æ>»Ã»Ãª¤iǶ=¹dEË?(Í¿j¶=Æ
¬É² 6Ķ ¹>¯ª À»É¶= C =ðc>£º ¸ie? U ¹Çif¶= Á? Ëdº¶=Æ aÆ=a
b ÁDª6¹>®(=H>J³EÊv®?¹>® ; Ð>v®´¶ zf¢=cCÊv¯I
×Æ=¹Çie Í¿ibÁDª6¹>®(=¹ÇieÍ¿jFª¹>® ; =H>J²
Åebq U = ¹Çie Hfvª (ǶA ×Æ ÊÈ?e bÃJQ? ¹>® ; = H>J²
b®Æ *=¹ÇieÊufÈ>=¹Çie¹Çie°ªÆËd¶=b»=6¹>®Æ
η¢ ¼²>= ¤RnÈ ´¶dEÆ (a>ÃJQ×>E @ì]? =cC =ðfQ? ¼²>V·¶ ¸£Q
À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeb¯ª *tÇr¿¶=fÂ>b¿¢aÇ»=À¢ Åb£FÈÆ(a>ÃJQ×=
bÃJQ>ª¼²>=¼³U=cC 6¹Ç¯È U=¹Çie¤Ä¾?t>£¶=ÀEÆf»¢
¥fn¶=¨¶>Eb®Æ*fQ?Ä·ª@ì]?¼MbÃJQ>ª¼³U=cCÆÁ=fQ?Ä·ªH>q?¼M
ľDz¤ºÆ*¦kɶ½ØiÝ=>þ@E¼²>=>ÃE¼³¶=½>³UÙ=bÈb
(½ØiÝ>E¼³=frUabmľDª(@ì]?ǶÆa>ÃJQ×=°U¼²>V·¶¸£Q
Æ?(½ØiÝ=¦Àº¼³UÀ¢¹@jÈÁ?À¢¸E(ŧE¼³Á?À¢ÎþÆ
©DU XT @ 6¹Çif¶= >ðF{> >£I ¹>® *Ä¿º kɶ ÐÊm ½ØiÝ= ¤º µfnÈ Á?
CWà [SÄ=°)ÙÝWc DU ×1ÉF×q[kØPXT ×1ÉFXÄXSØFU Õ̯.V" YXT W$Xs5U \-¯ 1ÇJX=ØoW 1ÅÕO
YXT W$Xs5U \-¯ 2ÀIV<ØoW 1ÁØPVÙ @ 6¹>®Æ > \ÙkV¯ W$Xs5U W% ¨¹ØÈW
(ÄJºÙH>ì]¹Çif¶=H>ì]Æ *> ©F\UÙ ]C°% [XÄ\C -Wà ×1ÉFXÄXSØFU Õ̯.V"
=¹Çie¹>®6K¶>®ÍnÑ>¢À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ *¼²>U¸³¶H>ì]Çê
Ïf]? ÍÈ=Æe Æ ae Çê Ä¿º kɶ >º =d >¾fº? PbU? ÀºÆ 6 U
bÉF¢À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ *aeÇê>¾fº?ÄÉ·¢kɶðØ»¢¸»¢Àº 6>ÿ¢
¸Â? ÁǶ@jI ¬É² 6¹>® >»Ã¿¢ = Êue l>F¢ ÀE= Á? = bF¢ ÀE =
ľÆ?f¯I(PbU? U =¹Çieη¢¹h¾?Ëd¶=¼³E>J²ÆÐÊmÀ¢H>J³¶=
=ÇFJ²ÆÅƦÆ=H>J²=ǶbE H>J³¶= ¸Â? Á? ¼³MbU b®Æ GnÈ ð>v
55
>º ¼²>Ã¿È ×? *ðØÉ·® ð>¿ ÄE =Ænɶ = b¿¢ Àº Ç 6=Ƕ>®Æ H>J³¶= ¼ÃÈbÈ@E
(ÄE ¼³ Á? G >º bÈb fÃÈ =dÃEÆ *¼ÃJ¶@jº À¢ ¼·£¶= Àº ¼²Ð>Q
*=¹h¾?>¼³>E½>³UÙ=ÄJɶÆÖjºLfrUÆ
abU ¥e>n¶= Á? FI ¼²>= η¢ ÍFQ=Ƕ= L>ɶÆÖj= Ådê
OÉUÀº¼²>=η¢L>ɶÆÖj=ÅdÂÆ(bÈbXuÆ?ͺ>£¶=L>ɶÆÖj=
¼Ã·³ª(ðغ>¢Æ?ð>ɶ=Æ(Ķð>¾Æ>£ºÆ?Í«É·]ľDzÀ¢f¿¶=x§E¼²>UÇÂ
L>ɶÆÖjº Åd K¾>² =cC >þ٠´¶cÆ *L>ɶÆÖj= ÅdÃE bɯºÆ (¼²>U
K¾>²=cC>þÙ(Í«É·=L>ɶÆÖjº>þDª½>³=Àº¼Â¦ÆÐ=fºÙ=ÆÌ×Ƕ=
µ>¿ÂÁ?η¢ *Æ?H>EÀºÍº>¢Í£FI¸»ÀºÎ·£ªºÙ=η¢ð>FQ=Æ
Á>²Í«É·]»·j=eǺ?Àºð=fº?ʶÆÀº¸²¸»nIͺ>¢LÐ>QOÈa>U?
ÀºÊ¶ÆÀº 6ĶǮÆÍÉ¢e=Å>¢i=bF¢Àº>º 6¹Çif¶=¹Ç¯ª*>ðɶ=ÆÆ?
CW%XT @6>£I=¹Ç®Æ ͺ>¢º?Àºð=eb¦¼¢? 6Ä¶Ç®Æ ð>ÒÉmº?fº?
*Í«É·= ¸»nÈÆ Ê¶=Ƕ= ¸»nÈ ½>¢ «·E LÐ>Q >÷³ª *> 1ÁÙVVf Ô2
¹Çif¶=Á?η¢*>ðɶ=ÆÆ?Á>²Í«É·](¼²>U¸³¶H>ì]¹Çif¶=H>ì]Æ
L>ɶÆÖj=ÄɪÀäÉEËd¶=OÈb=ð>r¾ÄJÉ¢eÀ¢Í«É·=ÍɶÆÖjºÀäÉE
6¹>® U=¹ÇieÁ?f»¢ÀE=bF¢À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe *Í·»
ͺ>£¶=
¥=el>¿¶=η¢Ëd¶=½>ºÝ>ª(ÄJÉ¢eÀ¢¹ÆÖjº¼³·²Æ¥=e¼³·²×?
(ÄJÉ¢eÀ¢¹ÆÖjºÇÂÆÄJÉE¸Â?η¢¥=e¸Qf¶=Æ(ÄJÉ¢eÀ¢¹ÆÖjºÇÂÆ
¸Qf¶=bF¢Æ(¼Ã¿¢Í¶ÆÖjºÊÂÆÅb¶ÆÆ>ÃQÆgKÉE¸Â?η¢ÍÉ¢=eÌ?f=Æ
À¢¹ÆÖjº¼³·²Æ¥=e¼³·³ª×?(Ä¿¢¹ÆÖjºÇÂÆÅbÉi¹>ºÎ·¢¥=e
ÁdzI =dÃEÆ *ÄJÉ¢e À¢ ͺ>¢ ÍɶÆÖjº ×ð ÆÖjº Í«É·= ¸£Rª ÄJÉ¢e
*ºÙ=η¢ÊÂ>»²Í«É·=η¢Êê(¼²>=η¢Íº>£¶=L>ɶÆÖj=
>ÃÑ>F¢@E ¼²>= ½>É® ¥e>n¶= À»u b® ͺ>£¶= L>ɶÆÖj= ÅdÂÆ
-,,
=H=d¢Àº¼²>=edUb¯ªÄÉQÇJ¶=>º? *¤ÈfnJ¶=ÆÄÉQÇJ¶>Eð>º>Ið>¾>»u
>Âd]?=cCͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈͺ=b¾ÆËh]>þ?Fª*>ÃÑ>F¢@E¼¯ÈÆ>ÃEfr®=cC
°nÈÁ?=Àº¹Çif¶=G·{Æ(>ÃɪÄÉ·¢Ëd¶=ËaÖÈ×Ëd¶=¬É£v¶=
ͺîÙ=ÀºÎ·¢Í¿==½fUÆ(ÍɺØiÝ=ͺîÙ=η¢°nÈÀºÎ·¢
ĺ>É®½b¢ ÍF®>¢¼²>V·¶ FI¶=L=fÈdVJ¶=Àº´¶c¦ C(ÍVÉr¿E
¸£Q ¸E´¶dE¬J³È¥fn¶=À³¶Æ *=Àº H=d¢ÊÂÆ(ÄI>ɶÆÖj
fr® =cC ÄÉ·¢ e>³¾Ý>E >úh¶>ª (ÄI>ɶÆÖj ¼²>= ½>É® η¢ ͺ=Ç® ͺîÙ=
§E ¼³U =cC ¬Éj¶>E ÄJ·I>¯ >Âfº?Æ (ÄI>ªfrI Ð>i? Æ? (ÄI>ɶÆÖj
¼²>=η¢e>³¾Ý=¸ÉFi¸J¯ÈÀº¸£QÆ *>ðU=ÇEf«³¶=e>qƽØiÝ=
bF¢ ÀE Ìh Ð=bÃn¶= bÉi 6½Øj¶=Æ ÌØr¶= ÄÉ·¢ ¹>® *Ð=bÃn¶= bÉi
Àº¸£QÆ*¼²>=Å=ÆeÄ·J¯ªÅ>þÆÅfº@ªfÑ>Q½>ºCC½>®¸QeÆG·ì=
ÏÆe *ÄJEǯ¢Àº¼·jÈ×=½>º?ð×ÆÖjºÄ£E>JÈƼ²>=r¯JEÎufÈ
ÁǪf£Jª Ð=fº? ÁdzJi 6¹>® U = ¹Çie Á? Í»·i ½? À¢ ¼·jº
ت?=Ƕ>® *¤E>IÆÊueÀºÀ³¶Æ¼·if³¾?ÀºÆÔfEf¢À»ªÁÆf³¿IÆ
f³¾?ÀºÆÔfEb¯ªÅf²À»ª 6Ïf]?ÍÈ=ÆeÆ=Ç·q>º(×6¹>®¼Ã·I>¯¾
ĶǯªÆÙ=ÍÈ=Æf¶=fj«IÍÈ=Æf¶=ÅdÂÆ *¤E>IÆÊueÀºÀ³¶Æ¼·ib¯ª
6¼·¢?=ÆÅ>¿£º 6OÈb==dÂ\fmËÆÇ¿¶=¹>®Æ(ÔfEf¢À»ª
ÄCÀºÌÐ=¶=C°Èf{ĶLe>qb¯ªÄÉ·¢ÄFJnÈÆf³¿=f¢À»ª
ÀºÆ6Ä¶Ç®Æ *ÄF·¯EÄÂf³É·ªhR¢ÁDªÄ¾>j·EÆ?(ÅbÉEŧÈÁ@E(ÄJEǯ¢Æ
ÄF·¯E ´¶c f³¾@ª ľ>j¶Æ ÅbÉE ÅɧI η¢ eb¯È ÀºÆ Ë? (¼·i f³¾?
Êue Ë? ¤E>IÆ Êue Àº À³¶Æ (ÄC ¼ÃJ²e>nº Àº ¼·i ÄÂf²Æ
fº?OÈb==dÂÊ«ª*¼·jÈÆ?ȸ»£¶=ÄÉ·¢¼Ã£E>IÆÄF·¯E¼Ã·£«E
-,-
Í¢>ìJjº Í·ÉiÆ ÍÈ@E e>³¾Ý= =d GQÆ?Æ ¼²>= η¢ e>³¾Ý>E ¹Çif¶=
ð=f«²Í«É·=fÃ?=cC×C ¬Éj¶=ÁÆaË?¹>J¯¶=ÁÆaÁdzIÁ?fmη¢
À¢hR¢=cCG·¯¶>EÆ?(¹=Ç®Ù=Àº¹Ç®Ë@EË?ð>¯·ìºÁ>j·¶>EÆ(>ðU=ÇE
À»ª¹>®cC(¼MÝ=¼²>V·¶ð>³Èfmf³¿ÈÀºJ¢=b®Æ*Á>j·¶=Æ?bɶ=
=dÂÁ?ò×C *¼MÝ=Àº¼·jÈ×Æ?Èت´¶cη¢¤E>IÆÅÇ·»¢>Êue
À¢=ÇQf]>º=cDª(½ØiÝ>EÁÇ»³¼Ã¿³¶Æ=ÆÐ>i?=cCÁdzÈ>Ce>³¾Ý=
bɶ>E e>³¾Ý>E ¬J³È ¥fn¶= ÁDª f«³¶= ½>³U? =ǯF{Æ ½ØiÝ= °ÉFìI
¬Éj¶= Ê ¼ÂɧI Æ? ¼ÃÉ·¢ ɧJ¶= ͯÈf{ ¸£Q ¸E G·¯¶=Æ Á>j·¶=Æ
6¹>®¼Ã·I>¯¾Øª?=Ƕ>® 6¼·jºÅ=ÆeËd¶=Í»·i½?OÈbUÊ«ª *¹>J¯¶=Æ
Æ =Ç·q>º(×6¹>®=¹Çie>ȼ÷I>¯¾×? 6ÍÈ=ÆeÆ =Ç·q>º(×
¼ÂdE>¿¾Øª?=¹Çie>ȸɮ 6¼·jºÅ=ÆeËd¶=´¶>ºÀEÇ¢OÈbU
¹Çie>È>¿·® 6=Ƕ>®ÍÈ=ÆeÆ ÌØr¶=¼³Éª=Ǻ>®?>º(×6¹>¯ª¬Éj¶>E
Ëe>^F¶=Æ *ÌØr¶=¼³Éª=Ǻ>®?>º(×6¹>® ; ´¶cb¿¢¼ÂdE>¿¾Øª?=
>¿É·¢d]?>»Éª¹>¯ªÅ>¿£È>Fª U ¿¶=>¾>¢a 6¹>®Kº>r¶=ÀEÌa>F¢À¢
ÌfM?Æ >¾fjÈÆ >¾fj¢Æ >¿Âf³ºÆ >¿ìn¿º Í¢>ì¶=Æ ¤»j¶= η¢ >¿ß£ßÈ>E Á?
Äɪ=Àº¼²b¿¢ð>U=ÇEð=f«²=ÆfIÁ?ò×C6¹>®Ä·Â?fºÙ=¥g>¿¾×Á?Æ>¿É·¢
ð=f«² >¿È?e =cC Ä·Â? fºÙ= ¥g>¿¾ Á? Ç OÈa>UÙ= Åd ½Ç뻪 Á>ÂfE
=dÂÆ *ÌØr¶= >¿Éª =Ç»É¯È =cC ¼Ã·I>¯¾Æ ¬Éj¶>E ¼ÂdE>¿¾ Á?Æ (ð>U=ÇE
½ØiÝ>EÁÇ»³=Ǻ=a >ºË?(½ØiÝ>E¼³=À¢ÍÈ>¿²¼²>V·¶ÍFj¿¶>E
dÒ¿ÉU GQÆ ½ØiÝ= §E =Ç»³U ÁDª (Í¢g>¿º ×Æ ÌdE>¿º ×Æ ¹>J® ت
ð>º>I >ð¾>»u À»u b® ½ØiÝ= ÁÇ³È =dÃEÆ *¼ÃJ¢g>¿ºÆ ¼ÃIdE>¿ºÆ ¼>J®
*ͺ>£¶=L>ɶÆÖj>E½>ɯ¶=
-,.
ÍɺØ[iÝ=ͶÆb¶=
ÍÉCͶÆaKjɶÆÍÈf[nEͶÆa
Àº ´· Ëd¶= Gr¿= Ê >þ٠(ͪØ[= Ê ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶=
ÊÂÆ *Ð>¿NJi=ÁÆa½>³UÙ=FIÆÁ>ì·j¶=Ƽ³=L>ÉUØq¤ÉÅ×ÇJÈ
(ʺØiÝ= ¥fn¶= ½>³U? ͺ>®Ý >ɾb¶= >ð£É »·j»·¶ ͺ>¢ Íi>Ñe
CÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b¶=¸»Æ(>âfm¶=½>³UÙ=Æ>ÃEÐ>Q¶=e>³ªÙ>E
> ¹>¯ÈÆ *= ¸ÉFi a>Ã=Æ (ÄɶC ¼ÃIÇ¢aÆ ½ØiÝ= ¼Ã«Èf£JE (>£¶=
ÊÂÆ *>ðÉC >ðFr¿º KjÉ¶Æ (ËfnE Gr¿º Êê *¿ºÖ= Ìe>ºCÆ Íº>ºÝ=
ÌÇF¿¶=¦ÊÂÆ *fnF¶=EÅfn¿¶ÆfnF¶=η¢½ØiÝ=ÀÈa°ÉFìJ¶ÌaÇQǺ
=À¢¥fn¶=¹Çif¶=Æ?¿¶=Äɪί·JÈGr¿ºÍ¶>if¶=ÆÌÇF¿¶=ÁÙ(ð>£ì®
ª$SÀym rQ"Wà W%XT @6įÉFìIÀ¢f¿¶=x§E(l>¿·¶Ä§·FɶÊUǶ=Íìi=ÇE
Y¯ª$SÀymrQ"WÃ% @(> Á×Q WÙ\ÙkQ WÃ\-5¯
VÙ @(> »ÚܯÀ-ÙÁ×Q WÙY¯
×Æ *fnF¶= η¢ = ¥fm °ÉFìI Êê ͪØ[= Ø~ =dÂÆ *> Á×Q WÙ
(ð×ÇieÁdzÈÎJUÄEĶ=ÎUÆ?>º°FìÈÁ?¹Çif¶=Æ ¿¶=nÈ
fºÖÈÆ ¥fnE Ķ = ÊUÇÈ Á? >ðÉF¾Æ ×ð Çie ÁÇ³È ÎJU Äɪ nÈ ¸E
¼ÃÉ·¢¼ÉÂ=fEC>¾bÉiÆÎjÉ¢>¾bÉiÆÎiǺ>¾bÉiÁ>²>¿ÂÀºÆ *ħɷFJE
Æ (>ÃE =ÆÐ>Q ¶= Í£Èfn¶= °ÉFìJE ¼Â =ÇºÇ¯È Æ (ðØieÆ Ð>ÉF¾? ½Øj¶=
*>ðº>³U=ǾdzÈ
ÌÇF¿¶>ª *ͪØ[= Gr¿º ¦ Ͷ>if¶=Æ ÌÇF¿¶= Gr¿»ª ´¶c η¢Æ
Äɪ ¤È>FÈ ËfnE Gr¿º ͪØ=Æ (Ð>nÈ À = >ÃÉì£È ÊC Gr¿º
*»·j= Àº ÁÆbÈfÈ Àº Í«É·] ¼ÃÉ·¢ ÁǻɯÈÆ (ÁÆÕ>nÈ Àº ÁÇ»·j=
-,/
ÇJÈ Á>³ª *>ÃE Ð>Q ¶= Í£Èfn¶= °FìÈ >ð»²>U Á>² U b» >¾bÉiÆ
»·j= Íi>Ñe Gr¿º ÇJÈ K®Ç¶= k«¾ Á>²Æ (Ͷ>[if¶=Æ ÌÇF¿¶=
¹>¯ª *Ͷ>if¶=¨É·FJEÅfº?>»²¼³>E=Åfº?b®Æ *½ØiÝ=½>³U?ͺ>®C
©F\UÙ¯_ W*¦Ù\ÙkV¯X=ÙXs5U 5¯ @(> W$Xs5U \-¯1ÇJX=ØoW1ÅÕO©DU XT @6Ķ
W% Ö×°M W Ä$SÀym SM{iU
Wc @6Ķ¹>®>»² > \XqU RÝ° ¥= WÛØÜW ]1ÅÔUW*°
CW%XT °O¯ 1ÅXqªk57] ÄDXÄ×mÁÙ [k\F rQ¯ ]³¨TTÊ XT @ (> \¯Pq C°% \ÙkV¯ W$®s5Ê
¨É·FI ÇJÈ Á>² U ľ? ×ò C > ×qªk5U
VÙ Ô2É §ª¨ Äm°Q2iÀ-Ù SM{iU
Wc @ (> [×Q W
Æ? > SW®Jm W3m[OXT \ÌÙkWÙ #[OU XT @ 6>£I ĶǮ ¨É·FJ² ×ð Ç® Ͷ>if¶=
ð>£{>®ð=fº?fº@ÈÆ (¨É·FJ¶>E½hÁ>²Ä¾Dª(ÍÉFÈb=ÌbÂ>£»² Ø ð »¢>çɷFI
ÄE Ð>Q >º ¦ ÄE m? =cC Ë?f¶= xªfÈ ¸E nJjÈ ×Æ (¸»£¶>E ½>ɯ¶>E
ÎJUGÆK³i(b£EÊUǶ=ÄE¹h[¿È¼³UÀ¢¸Òài=cCÆ*ÊUǶ=
nJjÈÁ>² UľDª¹>»¢Ù>E½>ɯ¶=ÇJÈÁ>²U>º? *ÊUǶ=¹h[¿È
°F{ÇÂÄEÎv®>ºÁ@E½h×Á>²l>¿¶=EÊv¯ÈÁ>²UÆ(l>¿¶=
ÄÉ·¢ ľDª *SRU Àº ¤ >º °F{ Îv® ľ? U ¹Ç¯È ¸E ÍMa>= ͯɯU
ÁÙ G¶>{ ÊE? ÀE Ê·£E ae? ÌÐ=fE ÌeÇi K¶h¾ U ½Øj¶=Æ ÌØr¶=
¼iǺ l>¿·¶ >ç·Fɶ $ÌÐ=E% l>¿¶= ÁcÖÈ Á? Åfº?Æ f³E >E? °V·È
X·qb¯¢UÆ *>ç·EÎJU¼ÃÉ·¢>{Æ(ͪf¢¼ÃÉ·¢>ÂØJª(S=
*=ÀºÊUÆľÙ(ÅAe>¼Ãºh¶?Æ(¼Ã£ÉÍE>Vr¶=Ð=eAxªeÍÉFÈb=
*¼³>E ÊUǶ= ¹h¾ ÎJU ÄF ; ʶ> Êv®? ¬É² fE>Q Ķ@i UÆ
6¹Ç¯È = bF¢ ÀE fE>Q K£ 6¹>® eb³¿= ÀE= À¢ Ëe>^F¶= Tf]?
b®Æʾ>I@ªÁ>Ém>º>»ÂÆf³EÇE?ÆʾaÇ£È U =¹ÇieʾÐ>RªKufº
>È 6K·¯ªK¯ª@ª(äÊ·¢ÅÐÇuÆGq¼M ( U =¹Çie@uÇJªäÊ·¢Ê»¦?
-,0
¬É²; ʶ>ºÊv®?¬É²=¹ÇieË?6K·¯ªÁ>É«i¹>®>eÆ=¹Çie
½>ɯ¶==dÂ*P==ÍÈAK¶h¾ÎJUÐÊnEE>Q?>»ª¹>® ; ʶ>º¤¿q?
Á>² b¯ª ¼³= Ð>F¢@E ½>ɯ¶= >º? (l>¿¶= ¨É·FIÆ Í¶>if¶=Æ ÌÇF¿¶= Ð>F¢@E
¼Âe>nJi=Æ bRj= »·j= ¤ bU? Ê«ª (´¶c ¦ η¢ jÈ
ÄÈ?eÆ(TÆf=ÍÈfN²Ù=Ë?eÁ>³ª(>ÃQe>]Tf½?(Í¿Èb=He>?
Te>] He>UÆ Tf]Æ (ÍÈfN²Ù= Ë?fE ¸»£ª (TÆf= ½b¢ ½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢
Îv®ÁdzÈÁ?Àº¼Âedl>¿¶=EÊv¯ÈÁ>²UľDª´¶d²Æ*Í¿Èb=
¤Ä¾? U=¹ÇieÀ¢Í»·i½?À¢Ëe>^F¶=Tf]? *¼Â¦°}¼
¼r=ÉI@ÈľCÆfnE>¾?>C 6¹>¯ª¼ÃɶCTf^ªÄIfRUH>FE Íð ºÇr]
(´¶dEĶÊv®@ª±a>qľ?GjU@ªx£EÀº¨·E?ÁdzÈÁ?¼³v£E¸£·ª
>òɶ Æ? >Âd]@É·ª e>¿¶= Àº Í£ì® Ê >Dª ¼·jº °} Ķ KÉv® À»ª
ί¶?Á?ÇQeÙʾCÆ 6½Øj¶=ÆÌØr¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¿¢Ëdº¶=Tf]?´¶d²Æ
Á>²Ä¾?η¢¹bÈ>º*¹>º×ƽaÍ»å·ïß F·ìȼ³¿ºbU?kɶÆÊEe
>ɾb¶=»·j=Íi>Ñe Gr¿ºÆ(Ͷ>if¶=ÆÌÇF¿¶=Gr¿º6Fr¿ºÇJÈ
¸² Ð>F¢@E ½>ɯ¶= frJÈ Á>²Æ *>ÃE Ķ ÎUÆ? ¶= = Í£Èfm ͺ>®Ý
>º¦Î·¢>»ÂbU?frJÈÆ(Gr¿=´¶cÄÉvJ¯È>>»Ã¿ºGr¿º
η¢ >Âd]?Æ (¼³= l>¿¶= η¢ Í£ÉF¶= d]? b®Æ *f]Û= frJÈ
b²ÖÈ>(¼·==ǧ·FÈÀÈd¶=e>§r¶=η¢>Âd]@ÈÆ(¹>Qf¶=ÆÐ>j¿¶=
>£I=Á?b>¿ÂÀºÆ*ÌÇF¿¶=η¢Í£ÉEKjɶÆ(¼³=η¢Í£ÉE>þ?
×Á?Ä¿ºG·ìÈÁ>²¸E(>ÃÑ>F¢@E½>ɯ¶=ÆͶ>if¶=¨É·FIÐÊmη¢ÄFI>£È
(¯ª¨É·FJ¶=ÇÂͶ>if¶=Ð>F¢@E½>ɯ¶=ÁÙ(Ķl>¿¶=ÍE>RJi=½b£¶S¢h[¿È
(> $1Xn\[O ×1¯M×nQ Wà \¾ÙÝW5 Ô \FÖkV" ZVÙ @6>[£I¹>® *¨É·FJ¶=×CÄÉ·¢>ºÆ
-,1
Y¯\ÙkQ WÃØD¯ @(> |ETÄmÁÕ-Wc-°K%Ùj_ªr¯ÛÁV"YXTÔ2¯IÙjQ WÆØDXsÙVU%YXT @
η¢¼³=Ð>F¢@Eĺ>É®b¿¢ ½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢ÄFI>¢>£I=À³¶Æ *> Á×Q WÙ
η¢ = ÄFI>£ª *>ç·EÆ K¶h¾ Á? °Fi ½>³UÙ >ð¯ÉFìI >÷£ª ¶= ¹>£ªÙ=
àÄ V WDSÅWc DU "E³ªV<° |E[ W% @6>£I¹>® *ÆÙ=Ø]η¢>ÃEͺ>É®
*> Ô2ÀIV _05°lU ]1° \=Wà [ÝWà @(> ¨º×q)] r¯Û |¦°bØ:Äc ³/[O sXnÔU
Gr¿º ¦¼³= »·j=Íi>ÑeGr¿º ÁDzÄɪXu=ÆÄ·²=dÂÆ
ð>£É»·j»·¶Íº>¢Íi>ÑeÊÂÆͪØ[=Á?FJÈÄ·²´¶cÀºÆ*ÌÇF¿¶=
Å×ÇJÈÁ>²Ëd¶=¼³=Gr¿º>þÙ(ð>ÉCð>Fr¿ºkɶÆËfnEGr¿º(>ɾb¶=
Á?Êê(»·j=Àº¼·jºÄɪī·Á?zfªÆIJfIb®Æ ( U ¹Çif¶=
Êê *ÌÇF¿¶= kÉ¶Æ (¼³= Ķ Í«É·] U = ¹Çie Á>³º ½Ç¯È
(ÄIÇ¢a ¸Æ (½ØiÝ= ½>³U? °ÉFìJ¶ »·j= Íi>Ñe ¹Çif·¶ ͪØ]
*=À¢¥fn¶=d]?Æ(ÊUǶ=ʯ·IkɶÆ
Àº × (ð>ÉF¾ ľDz OÉU Àº ÍÉIA Êê U ¹Çif¶= Í»r¢ >º?Æ
¤É>ÃE¬rJÈÁ?G¶=L>«r¶=ÀºÍ»r£¶=ÁÙ(ð>»²>UľDzOÉU
¼ÃJ£ÈfnEl>¿¶=ÁÇ»³ÀÈd¶=¼Â¼Ã¾Ç²À¢f¿¶=x§E(¸if¶=ÆÐ>ÉF¾Ù=
×Æ >ÃE ¼³= ÁǶÇJÈ ×Æ (>çɷFI η¢ ÁÆfrJ¯È ¼Ã¾Ç² Æ? (>þǯFìÈÆ
Á?>»²(ÁǺÇr£º¼ÉÂ=fEC>¾bÉiÆÎjÉ¢>¾bÉiÆÎiǺ>¾bÉjª *>ïÉFìI
>º? *¼³V·¶ KjÉ¶Æ Í¶>if¶=Æ ÌÇF¿·¶ Í»r£¶>ª (½Çr£º U =ðb» >¾bÉi
½>ɯ¶= µÈ ×Æ (ð>º=fU Ø ð £ª ¼³= Ð>F¢@E ĺ>É® Ð>¿M? ¸£«È × U ľDz
(Ͷ>if¶=ÆÌÇF¿¶=ÍÉU>¾Àºð>ºÇr£ºÄ¾Ç²OÉUÀºLA´¶dª(GQ=Ƹ£«E
× ¼³>E½Øj¶=ÆÌØr¶=ÄÉ·¢Äº>É®Ádzɪ (ð>»²>UľDzOÉUÀº×
OÉUÀºð>ºÇr£ºÁ>²ð>É£®=Æ ½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¿³¶Æ(Í»r£¶>EĪ>rI=ÊvJ¯È
-,2
(ð=fnE¼³ð=fnEÄ«qÇE¼³=ÇJÈÁ>²´¶cη¢Æ *×ð ÇieÆð>ÉF¾Ä¾Ç²
¼M> ×ÅÉ Ø:°K%·n_R2W5U \-5¯×#É @6>£I¹>®(fnEľ@Eð>fqÁAf¯¶=Ð>Qb®Æ
ÊÂfnF¶=Ê®>EÀ¢ÌhÉ>ª *> rQ¯ ³\TSÄc @6fnF¶=Ê®>EÀ¢ÅhÉÉÄQÆE
ð=cCÇê(l>¿¶=fÑ>j²fnEÇê>Â=b¢>ºÆ(ÌÇF¿¶=Ë?(ÄɶCÎUÇÈľdzE
ð=fnEÁdzÈľ?´mتĶͫɷ]ÁdzÈÀ»ª(l>¿¶=fÑ>j²fnE¼³=
*Ͷ>if¶=Æ ÌÇF¿¶= × (¼³= Ķ Í«É·] ÁÇ³È >C ľ٠(l>¿¶= fÑ>j²
>ÊÂ>CÆ(¼³=>ÃÉvJ¯È>Kjɶ>þÙ(Í»r£¶=ÄɪnI×´¶d¶Æ
Àº Í»r£¶= =m× ¸ ت (¦ kɶ ¼²>U ÇÂÆ (ÌÇF¿¶= >ÃÉvJ¯I
Íq>] Í»r£¶= ÁÙ (>Â×ÇJÈ À Í»r£¶= nI Á? gÇ × ¸E (>Â×ÇJÈ
¹Çif¶=Æ¿¶= >ÂaÇQÆÁÙ(Ð>ÉF¾Ù=§¶ÁdzIÁ?gÇت(Ð>ÉF¾Ù>E
H>³Ie= ½b¢ >ÇrUÆ (¨É·FJ¶= Í»r¢ ÊÂÆ (¨É·FJ¶= ÄFQÇJjÈ
ò×C ¼JI × Äɪ Í»r£¶= ÁÙ (¨É·FJ¶= Í»r£·¶ >ð£FI Á>² >C L>ºf=
kÉ¶Æ (Ͷ>if¶= ¨É·FI Ç >Â>vJ®= Ëd¶>ª (L>ºf= H>³Ie= À¢ Í»r£¶>E
¸E(@ì=½b¢Æ?¹>»¢Ù=@ì=kɶÆ(¼Ã¯ÈbrI½b¢Æl>¿¶=°ÈbrI
=Àºð>ºÇr£ºÀ³ÈǶcC *¦kɶ Ͷ>if¶=¨É·FIÇÂ>Â>vJ®=Ëd¶=
η¢Hd³ÈÆ?(>ÿºs¯¿ÈÆ?(>ÃÉ·¢bÈhÈÆ?(Ͷ>if¶=¼J³ÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢g>
Ͷ>if·¶>¿ºÄ·²=dÂÆ(ħɷFJEfº?>º¦¨·FɪÓìÆ?(Ä·¯È>º=
¬rJÈ Á? bE × Á>³ª *°ÈbrJ¶= GQ=Æ ×ð Çie ľdz¶ >¿ºÆ (= Àº
H>³Ie=À¢ÄJ»r¢LÐ>Q´¶d¶ð>£FIÆ(Ͷ>if¶=¨É·FIÍ»r£¶>E¹Çif¶=
(L>ºf=H>³Ie=À¢Ð>ÉF¾Ù=Í»r¢Ð>»·£¶=¬·J]=´¶d¶Æ *L>ºf=
¸£«ÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢gÇÆ(¯ªfÑ>F³¶=H>³Ie=À¢ ½Çr£ºÇ¼Ãv£E¹>¯ª
=Ƕ>®>CÆ*fÑ>§r¶=ÆfÑ>F³¶=H>³Ie=À¢½Çr£ºÇ¼Ãv£E¹>®Æ(fÑ>§r¶=
-,3
GIÈ Á>² =cDª *× ½? ¨É·FJ¶= ½> >ÃÉ·¢ GIÈ ¹>£ªÙ= Ádz¶ >ð£FI ´¶c
(>ÿºð>ºÇr£º¿¶=ÁdzÈÆ(>÷»nI¨É·FJ¶=Í»r£¶=ÁDª¨É·FJ¶=½>>ÃÉ·¢
½> >ÃÉ·¢ GIÈ × Á>² =cCÆ *>Ãɪ >ðºÇr£º ľdzE ×ò C ¨É·FJ¶= ¼JÈ × cC
¼JÈ dÒ¿ÉU ľ٠(>Ãɪ >ðºÇr£º ÁÇ³È ×Æ (>÷»nI × Í»r£¶= ÁDª ¨É·FJ¶=
¦ ¹Çif¶= Á? >ð£É »·j= E Ø] × Á>² =dÆ *>þÆbE ¨É·FJ¶=
>ÃÉ·¢GIÈ×>þdz¶(ÆÙ=Ø]ʶ=¹>£ªÙ=H>³Ie=À¢½Çr£º
Ð>ÉF¾Ú¶ò×CÁdzI×´¶d¶Æ(¨É·FJ¶>EÍq>]Í»r£¶>ªÄÉ·¢Æ*>ð£ì®¨É·FJ¶=½>
*>ð¯·ìº¼Â§¶ÁdzIÁ?gÇ×Æ(¸if¶=Æ
Àic®mÄc \-5¯ @6>£IĶǮ>º?Æ (Ê·¯¢¸É¶aÍ»r£¶=¸É¶aÁ?η¢
>Â>¿£ºÁDª > =nm¯IÕ¼V" ×ÅXm¯FIV¼ÄcXT °0ÙjWÙ #ØFU `ÕB®Jm Ä1Á=Wà _ °FÖkÄk°
¹>®(L>ÈAPØMÀºÐhQÍÈÛ=ÅdÂÆ*Í»ÃJ¶=ÆÍFÈf¶=¼³¿¢GÂdÈÁ?bÈfÈ
ZVÙ ÛÅØÙkV" ©D¯ °Ä_°K< ]C°K% iWPU
ÛÅØÔV ¥E³ª= XÄ_°<Wc @ 6>£I
§¬«¨ ?ÙTÄmØÈ% <Y×SV ]CÚ ÉXT ·ºXmW% °O¯Ú V r¯Û s° \Ì\-Õ¼XjVÙ ª$×SVÙ¯ |¦ØȲÙcU%
QQSQ ¡ ]CÕ-°U XT rQT:] °Rj° ¯I\HÙ \Nvn\V" |¦ÕBn\V" YXT CÅ°"SÄkÈ r¯Û WD×mVXT
Ä1Á=WÃ_ °FÖkÄk°Àic®mÄc\-5¯ àÄ VSÀyXqXT]CØÈ°»U XTQQSs|ÚÜ°"XÄXT
r¯Û qQ Ø)Äc W% |E×mÁÙlXT §¬¬¨ =nm¯IÕ¼V" ×ÅXm¯FIV¼ÄcXT °0ÙjWÙ #ØFU `ÕB®Jm
ت *> nm¯\\ Ýk°¼V |E[ D¯ °R\-Ó°VÚXT °0WcXÄ ÕC°% CÁ°"SÄkÈ
Àº¼Ã«ÈÁ?À³×Æ*bÉ£EÀº×ÆGÈf®Àº×Í»r£¶>EÍÈÛ=Ådͮآ
H>ÂcC ¸E(ºÇr£º¼³·£ Ë? > `ÕB®Jm Ä1Á=Wà _ °FÖkÄk° @6ĶǮ
>»²Í»ÃJ¶=ÆÍFÈf¶=ÇÂÆËÇ¿£=ed¯¶=>¿Âa=f=Æ(ed¯¶=H>ÂcCÇÂkQf¶=
ÀºÐ>¯¿¶=>¿ÂÌe>Ãì¶=Æ*JÈÛ=ÀºÍ·»=Åd¸F®¶=¸»î=XÈfqÇÂ
ËÇ¿£=ed¯¶=ÆËa>=ed¯¶=>Â>¿£ºkQf¶=Í»·²ÁÙ´¶cÆ(¼ÃJ¶=ÆGÈf¶=
-,4
6>£I¹>®(ʾ>£=ÅdÃEÁAf[¯¶=LÐ>[Qb®Æ(H=d[£¶=ð>[vÈ?>Â>¿[£ºÆ
rQ"WÃ `ÕB®Jm Ä#\ÈÙIVf \°[k @(> ¨CU2ØT)] ]C°% `ÕB®Jm SÈ°AW)ÕBVÙ @
*ËÇ¿£= ed¯¶= Ç kQf¶= JÈÛ= I> ʫª > |ESÄ=°%ØUÄc Y |ÚÏ°
*Ëa>ºed®Ä¾?£ÈkË?> ÌÕB®qÈO5¯
VÙmc®t?\]1ÔUVØTU @6>£I¹>®Æ
6ÍÈÛ=Ķǯª > WDSÉ ªØÈWc Y |ÚÏ° rQ"Wà `ÕB®Jm Ä#\ÈÙIVfXT @6>£I¹>®Æ
ÇÂÆ ËÇ¿£= ed¯¶= ¼³¿¢ GÂdÈ Ë? > `ÕB®Jm Ä1Á=Wà _ °FÖkÄk° @
ð=ÃìIÍ»·²Æ¼²fÃìÈÍ»·²ÁDª> =nm¯IÕ¼V"×ÅXm¯FIV¼ÄcXT @6ĶǮ>º?Æ*Í»ÃJ¶=
×Æ(ÁAf¯¶=×Æ(ͧ·¶=×(ð>¯·ìºÍ»r£¶=ο£>»Ã¿ºË?afI
Ì?f=Æ(Ä¿¢ Íi>R¿¶=¹=g?ð=ÃìIÆÌe>Ã{ÐÊn¶=fÃ{ͧ·¶=Ê«ª *OÈb=
¥fn¶= Ìe>Ãì¶=Æ(HÇÉ£¶=ÀºÆÍi>R¿¶=Àº ÌfÂ>{ÆxÉ=ÀºfÂ>{
b®Æ *eÇÃ{ §E ÌØq = ¸F¯È × 6½Ø[j¶= ÄÉ·¢ ¹>[® *Pb[= ¤ªe
=ÄW% @ (> ×m¯FIV¼VÙ \WXk°2XT @ 6>£I ¹>® *ʾ>£= ÅdÃE ÁAf¯¶= LaeÆ
ÀºÌe>Ãì¶=>ÿºa=f=Æ> WD×mÀIÕ¼Wc³/[OCÉFSÈXmÙV"YXT @(> °O¯1ÅXm¯FIV¼Äk°L
*HÇÉ£¶=ÀºË?> °XmIV»XT¦[ÝV¼Õ @6>£I¹>®Æ*xÉ=ÀºÆÍi>R¿¶=
ÃìJ¶=aeÆb®Æ *Pb=ÀºË? > TÄmI»VÙ ;Ä=ÄB ×1È*=Å D¯XT @6¹>®Æ
C¦VXTNXm[OÕC°K%1ÁÙkQ WÆ#\ÈÕHXj°Àic®mÄcW% @6>£I¹>®ð>vÈ?¿ºÖ»·¶
a=f=Á?£I>÷²tÇr¿¶=Ådê*> ×1ÅÙkQ WÆÈOW*\-ØÈ°51°*Äj°XT×1ÅXm¯FIV¼Äj°Àic®mÄc
ľ?>ÿºa=f=ÁdzÈÁ?Ê«¿IÆ(¼ÃJ¶=ÆGÈf¶=Àº¼Â>¯¾=Á?ÍÈÛ=Àº
*Í»r£¶=η¢¹bI×ÍÈÛ>ª(¼Ã»r¢
¿·¶¨É·FJ¶=Í»r£¶=ÁdzIÁ?¼JËd¶=Ǹ¯£¶=ÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ
¿EkÉ·ª×CÆ(ð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?ÊvJ¯Èð×ÇieÆð>ÉF¾Ä¾Ç²cC(¹Çif¶=Æ
×=À¢Í¶>ie¨É·FJE¬·³=¦Á?¼JËd¶=Ǹ¯£¶=Æ *¹ÇifE×Æ
-,5
¤¯ÈÁ?>ÃÉ·¢=Åf쪶=ÄIfìªÀºÆ(ð=fnEľdz¶ð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?gÇ
>º Äɪ bQÇÈ × = À¢ Ͷ>ifE ¬·³º ¦ ľdz¶Æ (Á>Éj¿¶=Æ @ì= Ä¿º
Ͷ>ifE¬·³ºÄ¾?Å>¿£»ª½Çr£ºÄ¾? ΢aä ==cDª7ð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?ÊvJ¯È
6>£I¹>® * U=¹Ç[ieb»b£E¾×ľÙ(hÑ>Q¦=dÂÆ=À¢
Ð>¢a= ÊvJ¯È Í»r£¶= Ð>¢a>ª *> ]C®Jj¯< ]2V"\\XT W$SÀyq C¦VXT @
ÍÉ·E>®ð=fnEÄ«qÇEÄɪÁ>²Æ(=À¢ð>§·Fº¹Çif¶=Á>²>ľ٠*Ͷ>if¶=
ɧJ¶=ƸÈbFJ¶=Àº=Ͷ>ie «UÎvJ®==À¢¨É·FJ¶=¹Øv¶=Æ@ì=
GFj¶= =dÆ *¹Øv¶=Æ @ì= Àº >ðºÇr£º ¹Çif¶= ÁÇ³È Á? ¨É·FJ¶=
ÄÉvJ¯IËd¶=ÅbUÆÇÂÆ(¹Çif¶=L>«qÀºÍ«qÍ»r£¶=K¾>²ÅbUÆ
¨É·FIÇÂ>C>ÃÉvJ¯ÈËd¶=Á?½Ç·£ºÆ )ŦbUÙKÉ¢äa==cDª *Í»r£¶=
>ÃFFiÆÍ»r£¶=ÎvJ¯º§¶==dÊ¢èa=b®ÁdzÈľDª ) =À¢Í¶>if¶=
ÄÉ·¢Æ *=À¢Í¶>ie¨É·FJE¬·³ºÄ¾=Ê¢èa=b®Ádzɪ(Ͷ>if¶=¨É·FIÇÂÆ
¬·³ºÄ¾?£È>Ã{=m=ÁÙ(Í»r£¶=ÄɪnÈÁ?gÇ×Í«É·=ÁDª
*gÇ×=dÂÆ(ð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?ÎvJ®>ª(=À¢Í¶>ie¨É·FJE
(GÉrÈÆ Óì^àÈ Á? gÇ (fnE Í«É·= Á? FJÈ Ä·² ´¶c ÀºÆ
;>É=ÆHd³¶=ÆÁ>Éj¿¶=ÆÇÃj¶=ÀºfnEË?Àº¤¯È>ºÄ¿º¤¯ÈÁ?gÇÆ
]? b®Æ *¹ÇifE ×Æ (¿E kɶ ľÙÆ (fnE ľ٠´¶c ¦Æ ÍÉr£=Æ
Ä¿º¸rÁ?À³Ä¾@E]?>»²(ÓìÁ?À³½>ºÝ=Á@E U¹Çif¶=
]?¸E(´¶c¦ÆÍÉr£ºÆ¼·Àº(ÄÉ·¢Ä¾Ç¿£·ÈÆ(l>¿¶=ÄEÄv§FÈ>º
HfUÀEÂgMbU6¹>®¼·jºÏÆeb¯ª*\=ÇEf«²Ä¿º¸rb®Ä¾@E
À¢ ÌfÈf ÊE? À¢ Tf¢Ù= À¢ a>¾h¶= ÊE? À¢ Ð>®eÆ MbU Íî Eß>ßFmß >¿MbU
=ÏǯJEfº?ÁDª(ÄEίJàÈÆÄÑ=eÆÀº¸I>¯àÈÍ¿àQ½>ºÝ=>C 6¹>®U¿¶=
--,
«
%& $ .
!
" #
) * +, * -/0 * 12+3 456 7 * /8 12+3 :'(
!"
#$% &» : '
9$ '( :'( +5 *
-1' :* 0 + ,- . ' / :() % )* &#'
12+3 :'( %& $ .«2# !) () 3' 42# !) 56)
+, * ;,0 12+3 <
* =& >? ;@1A %B * CD9
* E
* 4F( * %& * 3 * C$, * * + *
42#789 2&8; .) 2#$<= >» :'( '
9$ * GH
2&?8' .) 2#$<= )@ 42A BC'D 2# BC
/3
2E
7 FG :() % * 42#7" 2&"' 42#7?8
7E#' IJ@ 2#'K . 2$ )+ 4FC) 2#G )* 4K :HG
12+3 :'( I$J5H $ .«MN . )I )L' K 4< )E G
OP1K * +9 * &K *
LK * / * ) * 2+3 MNB
GDQ 1( R
S!H * OP5 = 1?P :'( 4 7 *
O) 7-» :'( T1H * UN GV1 W+X 12+3
PQ R MP) S<3) T "
> <G HG 4
"8G
K :* E U) VW7 K 4 73 73 E#
:
.«E
G () . 2 IX)
)IY )'
)]G ^_ `G 42$"P$%) Z<3[) . -6) )\-)» :
Y$ .«M
H") R aPb . > Y") R aPb cd) `G 48%
^_` # = ,
a Z 4[Q WP30 Y\] .IUH
¼³ ½=a >º ÄJ¢>{ ½Æh·E ¹Çif¶= fº? b¯ª ´¶c ¤ºÆ (Êr£È Á?Æ Îj¿È
e>F]Cb£E¸Ãª *ÍÉr£fº@È>ºÆ(\=ÇEf«²Ä¿º¸rÆ(½ØiÝ>E
´¶c¤ºÆÁÇ»·j=Åf³¿È>º¼Ã¿ºÁdzÉiľ@EÐ>«·=À¢ U¹Çif¶=
ÁÇ³È Á? G Í«É·= ÁC ¹>¯È Á? À³ =d b£E ¸Â ; ¼ÃJ¢>ìE fº@È
*; fnF¶=η¢gÇ>ºÄÉ·¢gÇ׾CÆ(ð>ºÇr£º
¸E(Í»r£¶==m=½b¢OÉUÀºÆ(ͪØ[=¤®=ÆOÉUÀº=dÂ
ÁdzÈÁ?Í«É·=nÈľCÁǶǯÈÀÈd¶=Á?×C(>Ã{=m=g=ÇQ½b¢
ÅdÂÆ*>Ãɪ>ºÁ>ÉEÆ>Ãuf¢ÀºbEت¼Ç®Î·¢Í¶a?=ÆaeÆ?b®ð>ºÇr£º
6ÊÂͶa?Í£Ee?s·^JIͶaÙ=
(>ûɷ£IÆ>çɷFIÆÍ£Èfn¶= «U ¿¶=½>¯º½Ç¯È½>ºÝ= ) -
ͺ>®CÆ (½Ç·»·¶ >rJ¾×=Æ (¼Ã¿ÉE ¹b£¶= ͺ>®CÆ (ÍÉ¢f¶= eǺ? ʶÇIÆ
Á?ÀºbEت(Ê¢fn¶=ÄQǶ=η¢Ä·²½ØiÝ=°ÉFìIÆfÈh£J¶=Æ(aÆb=
Á>² =ðb»¢(>§qÆ>ÂF² HǾd¶=ÆXÑ>F¯¶=À¢ >ðÂh[¿º >ðºÇr£ºÁdzÈ
*>Âf]ACÄI>ÉUÐbEÀº(ð=ÇÃi½?(>ÂeÆbq
Ä£¿½Çr£º½>ºCCT>JU×½>ºÝ=η¢ÍÉr£=Lg>QǶ ) .
@ì= ÄÉ·¢ gÇ Ê¾>N¶= Á>² =cDª (@ì= ¥Ç®Ç¶=Æ ÍÉr£= H>³Ie= Àº
Æ?¸j·jJɪ=d³ÂÆ(´¶cÀºÄ£¿½Çr£º½>ºCCT>JU=ÍÉr£=¸£ªÆ
ÀºbE×´¶d¶Æ(@ì=ÆÍÉr£=ÄÉ·¢gÇ×½Çr£º½>ºCCfºÙ=ÊÃJ¿È
*>ðºÇr£º½>ºÝ=ÁdzÈÁ?
a>ɯ¾×=ÍÈ>§¶¤uÆÊCÁǾ>® «ÊCGr¿ºÍº>ºÝ=ÁC ) /
ð=eÇJiaÆð>¾Ç¾>®Í£Èfn¶=×Æ(l>¿¶=L=e>ºCÀºÌfºCKjɶÆ(ÄE¸»£¶=ÆÄɶC
ľ@m>£Ia>F£¶=He¼É¯Èت(>ÃɪG¢ØJ¶=À³»É¶L>ºÇ³=I>iaÀº
--.
=Æd]@ÈÆ (l>¿¶= ÄɶC ÀÒ»ìÈ ÎJU >ðºÇr£º ÁÇ³È Àº ×C Ä¢fm η¢ >ðɶÆ
´mË?>ÃɶCHfjJÈ×(ÍÉ£®=Ƕ=>£I=½>³U?>þ?η¢Ä¿º½>³UÙ=
¼Ñ>¯¶=ʶǶ=Í»r¢¤º×CÁdzÈ×=dÂÆ(>ÃɶCa>ɯ¾×=Æ>ÃE¸»£¶=Àº¤¿
Á@»ìÈ×(ÄÉ·¢@ì=ÆÍÉr£=g=Ç(½Çr£=¦cC(Í£Èfn¶= «Uη¢
¥Çì¯=¦>£I=¼³UÇÂl>¿¶=CÄÈaÖÈ>ºÁ?η¢¤ì¯È×ÆÄɶC
¸E(x£EÁÆa½>³UÙ=x£F¶ð>ª>UÄJº>®CaÇr¯=kÉ¶Æ *l>¿¶=b¿¢ÄE
ð>ª>UÆ(½>³UÙ=¸³Eð>>¢ÁdzÈÁ?ÀºbEت* U¿¶=ÄEÐ>Q>º¸³¶
Æ?(½>³UÙ=x£Ef£ÈÀºGr¾Ç·ª(>ɾb¶=Kº=a>º>ÃE¸»£É¶¤?>
ÇÂÆ(¬É·³J¶=Àºzf§·¶ð>v¯¾ÄFr¾Á>²@ì=ÆÍÉr£=ÄÉ·¢gÇÀº
(ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈCÍÉ®>E>þ?½Ç·£=(Í£Èfn¶=ÄELÐ>Q>º¸³E¸»£¶=Æa>ɯ¾×=
x£FE e>£¶= Æ? ½Çr£= ¦ Gr¿ª ¼É³= η¢ ¹> zf§¶= x¯¾Æ
*¹>½>³UÙ=
Í«É·= ÁÇ³È Á? HÇQÆ Î·¢ Ͷ=a LÐ>Q tÇr¿¶= ÁC ) 0
PØMXu=Æ=dÂÆ´¶cÍ¿·£ºLÐ>QÁAf¯¶=ÀºL>ÈAµ>¿Ãª *>ðºÇr£º
6ÊÂL>ÈA
=dÂÆ > WÛÜ°-° À s°iÕIWà Ä$X=Wc Y @ 6¹Ç¯È >£I = ÁC ) ?
ÌeÇiÍÈÛ=ÁDª*Í£Èfn·¶ ª>=½>ºÝ=Í»r¢HÇQƸɶa=Àº¹Ç¯¶=
r°Q7¯ W$V CÀI-V"U
VÙ 0X.° V¯ ÈO{Xq ]2°FXmׯ rQ"W)× °l¯XT @ 6>£I¹>®(Ìf¯F¶=
> WÛÜ°-° À s°iÕIWÃÄ$X=Wc YW$V ³ª/c®JqÉl C°%XT W$V ;%W%¯¥< ° \É °Æ\C
¼ÉÂ=fECÁC *ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂb£EÌae=Ƕ=L>ÈÛ=bÉ«I>»²ð>º>ºCÄ·£QL>»·³¶=Æ
=d ͻ¢ Ï?eÆ > ;%W%¯ ¥< ° \É °Æ\C r°Q7¯ @ 6>£I ĶǮ ¤ >
6>£I¹>®(G[r¿==dÂÀº UÄJÈed¶ÁdzÈÁ?>Qe¬Èf[n¶=Gr¿=
--/
ÀbUÙÎì£È×Gr¿==dÂÁ?Åa>«ºÆ> WÛÜ°-° À s°iÕIWà Ä$X=WcY @
ð>J®ÆǶÆŧ¶Æ?Äj«¿¶ð>>ÁdzÈÁ?Àº¼¢?(¼·¶>EPÇ·JÈÆ?PÇ·I
*ÄI>ÉU¼·Ë?¸£«ÈÀÎì£È¸E(ÄI>ÉUð=r®
C%U \ÌW*Äc EU r[OU ©F\UÙ rQ¯ Ýs°iØMXi C\-VÙU @6>£I¹>® )H
ľٽ>ºÝ=Í»r¢HÇQÆη¢¸É¶a=dÂÁDª > s\iØMÈi DU +Y¯ Ýs°Fi¯MXi Y
GÉrÈÁ?a>qÁCÆ(ÄɶCËbÃÈ×@ì=ÄÉ·¢gÇÀºÆ(°=CËbÃÈ
*°=
®p×')] r®
TÊ XT W$SÀym SÄÈk°»U XT SÄÈk°»U @ 6>£I ¹>® ) [Q
*½>ºÝ=Í»r¢Î·¢Ë?fºÙ=ʶÆ?Í»r¢Î·¢¸É¶aÍÈÛ=Ådê > Ô2Å=°%
sÉr ÁÆa Àº ±Ø{Ý= η¢ fºÙ= ʶÆ? Í¢>{DE fº? >£I ľ٠´¶cÆ
ÇÂ¥>ì=ÁdzÈÁ?´¶cÎvJ¯ºÆ(t>]Á>ºg×Æt>]aeÇÍ¢>{Ý=
Åd¹>=ÆÄJ¢>{KFQÆÇ·ª(ÓìÆÍÉr£>Efº@Èb®Å¦ÁÙ(½Çr£=
Æ?ÀÈbv¶=E¤»>Efº?b®Ä¾@m>£IÇ=ÁdzÈÁ?½h·¶½f>þ?¤º
=ÁDªð>vÈ?Æ*½Çr£=ÇÂ¥>ì=ÁdzÈÁ?ÀºbEت(¹>ÇÂÆvɯ¿¶=
´¶cÆ(ÄJ¢>ìEÄJ¢>{Áf®Ëd¶=¹Çif¶=Í¢>ìEfºÙ=ʶÆ?Í¢>{Áf®>£I
*ÁǺÇr£=Í»ÑÙ=¼ÂfºÙ=ʶÆ@Ea=f=Æ*¼É£J¶=ÊvJ¯È
*>ðºÇr£º½>ºÝ= ÁdzÈÁ?nÈľCÁǶǯÈÀÈd¶=Ͷa?ÊÂÅdÂ
6Ê·È>»Éªs·^JÈ>ÿº¸²Î·¢H=Ç=Æ
×(Í£Èfn¶=°ÉFìJE¼³=¹Çif¶=½>¯º½Ç¯ÈÍ«É·=ÁC6×ð Æ?
×=dÂÆ(=À¢¨É·FJ¶=kɶÆ(¼³=ÄJ«É·]Çê(=À¢>çɷFJE
ðد¢×Í»r£¶=ÊvJ¯I×¼³=Í«ÉÆÁÙ(ð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?Ä¿ºÊvJ¯È
(ÌeDzd¶=Æ(½ØiÝ=6ÊÂL>«qÍ«É·=K{m=b®¼£¾ *>ð¢fm×Æ
--0
ÀºÍ«q¸²K{m=b®Æ *Ìeb¯¶=Æ(Ͷ=b£¶=Æ(¸¯£¶=Æ(©Ç·F¶=Æ(ÍÈf=Æ
ÅdÂÄ{=m=ο£ºkɶÀ³¶Æ*>ÃEaeÆÊ¢fm¸É¶aη¢Ð>¿EL>«r¶=ÅdÂ
Å>¿£º¸E(>ÃJ«¶>Àº½Çr£ºÄ¾?ÇÂ(Í«É·]ÁdzÈÀÁdzIÁ?L>«r¶=
UL>«r¶=ÅdÂĶÁdzIÁ?Gl>¿¶=ÀºGr¿==dÂÇJÈáÀºß Á?
Á?ÄÉ·¢gǸE *>ÿ¢TÆf=Àºð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?Å>¿£ºkɶÆ(ÄɶÇI
*ͪØ[= À¢ Tf Á? >ºCÆ (¹h£¶= °VJjÈ Á? >ºC dÒ¿ÉUÆ (>ÿ¢ Tf
OÉU Àº bÂ>n¶= Ͷ=b£¶= =m>² Í«É·= L>«r¶= Åd =m=Æ
ð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?Äɪ>Ã{=m=£È×Æ(ÄIa>Ãm¸F¯IÎJU>ÃE>rI×=
ľ?η¢ðØɶa¼³=¿¶=½>¯ºÍ«É·=½>É®ÁdzÈتÄÉ·¢Æ*>ÃJ«¶>À¢
£È×Çê»·j=¸F®ÀºÍ£Èfn¶=¨É·FI>º?Æ *>ðºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?G
ÌÇ¢b¶=¸Àº»·j=η¢=ÄFQÆ?>½>ɯ¶=£È>CÆ(=À¢>çɷFI
(ð>¯·ìº´¶c¦ £È×Æ(ĺ>³U?ƽØiÝ=e>³ª? ¼Ã»É·£IÆ(l>¿¶=C
¹Çif¶=>ÃEÐ>Q¶=¬É¶>³J¶=Àº¬É·³IǸE(=À¢ð>§É·FIkɶÇê
(Í»r£¶=ÊvJ¯È×´¶d¶Æ *=À¢¹Çif¶=¨É·FI¦ÇÂÆ *½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢
kɶÇÂÆ *ÍÉ¢fn¶=¬É¶>³J¶=fÑ>jE½>ɯ¶>²ÄE½>ɯ¶=Æ *>ÄɪÍQ>U×Æ
¼·£È ¼·jº ¸² η¢ GQ=Æ Ç ¸E (Í«É·] Ä«qÇE Í«É·= η¢ >ðFQ=Æ
ð>>¢Åe>FJ¢>E=dÂÆ(ð>»·jºÄ«qÇEÍ£Èfn¶=¨É·FJEeǺ@ºÍ«É·=Æ(Í£Èfn¶=
(Ä»·£È>»ÉªÍ£Èfn¶>E>£¶=¼·j=η¢zfª¨É·FJ¶=ÁÙ(´¶d²Á>²ÁC
ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸ >º? *¼Ãɪ >ð{fm ×Æ §·F= η¢ >ðufª Í»r£¶= KjɶÆ
Ä«qÇE ÄÉ·¢ GQ=Æ Ä¾Dª Í«É·] Ä«qÇE Í«É·= η¢ GQ=Ƕ= ÍɺØiÝ=
(a>Ã=ÊÂÆÍ¿É£ºÍ¯ÈfìE>÷»Á?ÄÉ·¢GQ=ÆÆ(Á>ì·j¶=ÅbÉEð>»²>U
*>Ã{=m׸׸E(Í»r£¶=ÄɪnI×=dÂÆ
--1
H>³Ie= Àº Ä£¿ ½>ºC C T>J × Îr¢ =cC Í«É·= ÁC 6>ðɾ>M
¹Çif¶=Eb®Æ(ŧIÆ?ÄÉ·¢§JªÄFi>ͺîÙ=CT>J>CÆ(ÍÉr£=
Ä¿¢ÎufÈÀº¸²¸£QÆ(ÄÉ·¢f³¿IÁ?>ÿºG·{Æ(ÄFi>ͺîÙ=Á?U
Á>j¦ÇE?MbU6¹>®¼·jºÏÆe *=½>º?ð×ÆÖjºÄJÉr£ºÎ·¢Ä£E>JÈÆ
c>£º>¿MbU$Á>j¦ÊEÙ «·¶=Æ%c>£ºÀ¢ð>£Ée>nEÀEb»ÆÊ£»ß j=
ÀEÍFuÀ¢Àj=>¿MbUÌa>J®À¢ÊE?MbU$ÊÑ=ÇJib¶=½>nÂÀE=ÇÂÆ%
¸»£JjÈľC 6¹>®U¿¶=À¢U¿¶=TÆgÍ»·i½?À¢Ëh[¿£¶=Àr
(¼·ib¯ªf³¾?ÀºÆ(ÔfEb¯ªÅf²À»ª(ÁÆf³¿IÆÁǪf£JªÐ=fº?¼³É·¢
*=Ç·q>º(×6¹>® ; ¼Ã·I>¯¾×?=¹Çie>È6=Ƕ>® *¤E>IÆÊueÀºÀ³¶Æ
ÊÂÆ(ÍÉr£=H>³Ie=ÀºÍ«É·=>Ãɪ¤¿¶=ͯÈfì¶=¥fn¶=ÀäÉE=dÃEÆ
C T>J Í«É·= ÁC ¹Ç¯È Ëd¶=Æ *ͺîÙ= Ê ¸E Ä£¿ ½>ºC aÇQÆ Kjɶ
*=ðeÇrIÅeÇrJÈ×Æ(¼³=ÇÂ>ºµebÈ×ÍÉr£=H>³Ie=ÀºÄ£¿Í«É·]
Ķð>£E>IÁdzÈÆ?(¼³=η¢Ä·I>¯È>CÆ(f]AÍ«É·]¤¿×Í«É·=ÁÙ
Í«É·] ¤¿ Á? eÇrJÈ ¬É³ª *af»J¶= η¢ Ä·I>¯Éª Í«É·] × >ðɶ=Æ Ádzɪ
*; ÍÉr£=H>³Ie=Àºf]AÍ«É·]
ÊÂÆ(ËfnEGr¿ºÊÂ>CÆ(ð>ÉCð>Fr¿ºKjɶͺ>ºÝ=ÁC6>ðN¶>M
¶= Í£Èfn¶= °ÉFìJ¶ ÌaÇQǺ Ê >CÆ (ÊC ÁǾ>® « ÌaÇQǺ Kjɶ
¸«³Ib®=ÁDªÍ£Èfn¶= «U>º?*½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢b»>¾bÉiη¢=>h¾?
ÈOV5¯XTXmÙ°GX=ÙsW5ÀCÙVZ85¯ @6>£I¹>®(ÁAf¯¶= «}¸«³IU>ë}
ÄEÐ>Q>º¸³¶ð>ª>UÄJº>®CÍ«É·=ͺ>®CÀº aÇr¯=kÉ¶Æ *> WDS¾À°ÝXVP
(¤?>ð>ª>U½>³UÙ=¸³Eð>>¢ÁdzÈÁ?GľC¹>¯ÈÎJUU¿¶=
½ØiÝ=°ÉFìIË?(Í¿j¶=ÆH>J³¶=½>³U?ͺ>®CÇÂÄJº>®CÀºaÇr¯=>CÆ
--2
½>³UÙ=¸³Eð>>¢ÁdzÈÁ?Ä¿ºÊvJ¯È×=dÂÆ(>£¶=CÄIÇ¢a¸Æ
Àº½h·È×ʶ>J¶>EÆ(ð>ºÇr£ºÁdzÈÁ?ÊvJ¯È×´¶d¶Æ *¤?>ð>ª>U
ÎJU ÄɶC l>¿¶= Á>¿Ò»{= >º?Æ *Ä·Q? Àº Gr¾ Ëd¶= zf§¶= x¯¾ ÄFr¾
Ë?>ÃɶCHfjJÈ×ÍÉ£®=Ƕ=>£I=½>³U?>þ?η¢Ä¿º½>³UÙ==Æd]@È
Í«É·=ÁDz ÀºÊI@È×=dÂÁDª(>ÃɶCa>ɯ¾×=Æ>ÃE¸»£¶=Àº¤¿´m
ðØɶaÁ>²ÁDª(Äj«¾¼³=¸É¶aÀºÊI@È>CÆ(½Çr£º¦Æ?ð>ºÇr£º
¼³U ¼³= =d Á? C l>¿¶= Á@»{= >ðÉ¢fm >ð{>F¿Ji= F¿Ji=Æ >ðÉ¢fm
a>ɯ¾×=ÆÄE¸»£¶=Àº¤¿´mË?¹>=Åd¼ÃɶCHfjJÈ×Æ(Ê¢fm
*¼Â¼Ã{>F¿Ji=¼³=¬¶>]ǶÆÎJU(ÇÂÀºÍ«É·=À¢f¿¶=x§E(Ķ
(bÃJ
b¿¢ >ðÉ¢fm ¼³= ¸£ × ÀÈbÃJ= E >F¿Ji×= ØJ]= ÁÙ
½=a >º »·j= ¤É b¿¢ Ê¢fm ¼³U Ç ¸E (f]A b¿¢ Ê¢fm ¦Æ
GjUÀ³Æ(¼³V·¶F¿Jj=Ïb¶ÍÉ¢fn¶=ͶaÙ=Àº¸É¶aÍÃFm´¶>¿Â
¦ ÁDz >º?Æ *>F¿Ji×= =d ¸Nº F¿JjÈ Á? ÍÉ¢fn¶=Æ ÍÈǧ·¶= e>£=
>º Á? η¢ ¤ì¯È ×Æ (ÄɶC Á@»ìÈ × ÄÉ·¢ @ì=Æ ÍÉr£= g=Ç ½Çr£=
¼³U*¼²>UƼ³UÊÂ>C´¶cͶ@j=ÁDª(>£I=¼³UÇÂÄÈaÖÈ
ÇÂ >C HÇ·ì= Á>¿Ò»{×=Æ *ËaÖÈÆ ¼³ ¼²>UÆ (ÏaÖÈÆ ÄE ¼³
Ïa?ľDzOÉUÀº¼²>V·¶kɶÆ(×½?=¼³UľDzOÉUÀº¼³V·¶
d]ÖÈÆ(ÄE¼³Ëd¶=¼³=ÊÂ>CÌ£¶>ª*×½?ÄE¼³UÆ(=¼³U
KjÉ¶Æ (ʺØiC ¦ >ð»³U Æ? (ð>ɺØiC >ð»³U ľDz OÉU Àº
¸£Ëd¶=Æ*½Çr£º¦Æ?ð>ºÇr£ºÄ¾Ç²OÉUÀºÊì£ÈËd¶=s^n¶=
ÄE¸»£¶=Àº¼Ã£¿Ëd¶= ´n¶=HfjI¤¿ð>®ÇMƼ³=ÁǯNÈl>¿¶=
¦Æ?ð>É¢fmľDzOÉUÀºÄj«¾¼³V·¶¼Âe>FJ¢=ÇÂ>CĶa>ɯ¾×=Æ
--3
¦ Æ? >ðºÇr£º Ä¿º ¼³= ÁÆd]@È Ëd¶= Í«É·= ÁDz kÉ¶Æ (Ê¢fm
*½Çr£º
(ĶÇieÀ¢Í«É·]>£¶=HeÄɪ¼É¯È×ͪØ[=Gr¿ºÁ?η¢
(¼ÃÉ·¢ Í«É·] ÁÇ»·j= Ä»É¯È >CÆ (Ä¿¢ Í«É·] ¹Çif¶= Äɪ ¼É¯È ×Æ
OÈa>U? ´¶c η¢ ¸É¶b¶=Æ *ĶÇie Í¿iÆ = H>J² η¢ ¼Â ľǣÈ>FÈÆ
*£º½>ºCC×½>ºC°·ìºC>Âa>¿iCÆ(ͺ>¢tÇr¿E>ÂaÆeÆÆ(Í£ÉF¶=
(ͺÙ>EÄJ®Ø¢Í«É·=η¢¶=ͺ>£¶=ÍɶÆÖj=´¶cη¢¸É¶b¶=Á?>»²
*ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÇE×ÆÍ»r£¶=ÊvJ¯È×ͪØ[=Gr¿ºÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ
׾DªÍ»r£¶==m=η¢ðØɶaLaeƶ=tÇr¿¶=>º?6>ð£E=e
Y @6ÍÈAÇÂƹÆÙ=s¿¶=>º?*Í»r£¶=η¢¹bÈbU=Æs¾×Æ>ÃɪbQÇÈ
£I×Æ(ͪØ[=£I×>Ãɪ½>ºCÍ»·²ÁDª > WÛÜ°-° À s°iÕIWà Ä$X=Wc
6>£I¹>®(ÍÈAÀºfN²?¼Èf³¶=ÁAf¯¶=½>ºCÍ»·²LaeÆb®Æ(¼³=
|ESÅSÁWc WÛÏ°XT @6¹>®Æ > R\-ÕOXqXT ;%W%¯ ³\{SÄ% ½ W)° ° ®×V C°%XT @
> %W%¯ |Úܪ)À-Ú ° V<Ú \ÈÕBXT ÚÄÜÕÃU QQmÉ V<°*c®JqÉlXT X=¦BXTÙwU ÕC°%V<VÔ \FV<Xq
6>£IÄ¶Ç®Æ 6Ëe>^F¶=½>ºÝ=¹>® *ÌÆb[¯¶=>Â>¿[£ºJÈÛ=½>ºCÍ»·³ª
Àº>¿EÏbJ¯ÈÆ>¿·F®ÀËbJ¯¾Í»Ñ?6¹>® > %W%¯ |Úܪ)À-Ú ° V<Ú \ÈÕBXT @
0X.° V¯ ÈO{Xq ]2°FXmׯ rQ"W)× °l¯XT @ 6>£I ĶǮ ½>ºC Í»·²Æ *>¾b£E
Ä$X=Wc Y W$V ³ª/c®JqÉl C°%XT W$V ;%W%¯ ¥< ° \É °Æ\C r°Q7¯ W$V CÀI-V"U
VÙ
>Âb£E¶=L>ÈÛ=ÁÙ(ÌÆb¯¶=ÆÌÇF¿¶=>ÿºa=f=ÁDª(>WÛÜ°-° Às°iÕIWÃ
Ádzɪ¼ÉÂ=fEÝÌÇF¿¶=Ð>ì¢CÀ¢¼M¸É¢>C½Ç®À¢ÆÍF£³¶=À¢PbVJI
Í»·²£IÁ?À³×Æ*l>¿¶=´£FJÈð>ÉF¾Æ´EÏbJ¯Èð>º>ºCµ>¿·£Q>Â>¿£º
(¼³=¹ÇJȼÉÂ=fECÁ?ÆÍq>](¼³=Æ?ͪØ[=ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂ>¿Â½>ºC
--4
Gr¿==dÂÁCĶ>£I=¹>¯ª*×ð ÇieÆð>ÉF¾Á>²>CÆ(ð>»²>UÀ³ÈÆ
Ķ Ä·£Q>º¸£Á?Ä¿ºG·{U>·¶ÁdzÈ×ÌÇF¿¶=ÆÌÆb¯¶=ÇÂÆ
Í»·² ÁDª ´¶c ±ÇªÆ *Í«É·= Í»r¢ η¢ ÍÈÛ= Ͷ×a ت *ÄJÈed¶
¦ ÁDª (ºÇr£= kÉ¶Æ (¶a>£¶= > Í«¶>^= ½Çëº ÁÇ³È >¶=
ÇÂÆ ¼·¶= ½b£E «rJ= £È >CÆ (ºÇr£= £È × >¶=
= Ë? > ©F\UÙ rQ¯ Ýs°iØMXi C\-VÙU @ 6ÍÈA ÇÂÆ Ê¾>N¶= s¿¶= >º?Æ *¹b£¶=
©#É ©F\UÙ rQ¯ Ýs°i×MXi C% Å®[XnÁ C°% ×#\F ×#É @ >ú>»JEÍÈÛ=Æ *ľ>VFi
Ýs°Fi®MXi Y C%U \ÌW*Äc EU r\OU ©F\UÙ rQ¯ Ýs°i×MXi C\-VÙU ©F\UÚ ° s°i×MXi
Åj«I{f¯¶=¹Ç¯È>§¬®¨|ESÀ-ÅÙVU%\Ùk[×ÅV\-VÙs\i×MÈiDU +Y¯
Ë? ËbÃÈÀ»ª? 6=ðef¯ºÆð>~Ǻ¼¹>®¼M(°=CËbÃÈàÄ·ò¶=¼¸®%
×Ë?(ËäbÃÈ×Àº½?¤FßJçÈàÁ?°U?>£IÆľ>VFi=ÇÂÆ°=CbmfÈ
ËbÃI × Êê (ðÍA >þÆd^JÈ ¶= ½>¿qÙ= bÈfÈ (ÏbÃàÈ Á? ×C (ËbJÃÈ
Àº¸¯J¿I×Æ(¸»ß VàIÁ? ×ò CÊn×Æ >ïÈf{CËbJÃI×ʸE(ð=bU?
×Æ (Ëa>= ¥>FI=Æ ÍÈ=b= Ä·² ÍÈÛ= ¥ÇuÇ»ª *$¸¯¿Ià Á? ×C >þ>³º
kÉ¶Æ ¼³= Ç ķ»¢Æ (l>¿¶= ¼³ ½>ºÝ=Æ *ͪØ=Æ ¼³>E Ķ ͮآ
Í»·² °·ìI ×Æ *e>«³¶= ¸I>¯ÈÆ (Ì>r£¶=Æ ¶>v¶= G®>£È Çê (ÍÈ=b=
ͮآ×Æ(Í«É·=η¢°Fì¿È×ο£==dê *¹Çif¶=η¢×C>¿ÂËa>=
°ÉFìI Ç ½? (ÍÈ=b ¼³= ¸ÂÆ *Í«É·= Í»r¢ EÆ ÍÈÛ= Åd E
*; Í£Èfn¶=
r®
TÊ XT W$SÀym SÄÈk°»U XT SÄÈk°»U @6ÍÈAÇÂÆO¶>N¶=s¿¶=>º?Æ
Í¢>{Æ = Í¢>ìE >þ=®=Æ (fºÙ= ʶÆ? Í¢>ìE fº? >þDª > Ô2Å=°% ®p×')]
Í¢>{Æ Ä¾>VFi ÄJ¢>{ ¼³V² >û³U Á? η¢ Ͷ×b·¶ Ç >C (¹Çif¶=
--5
ĶÇieÍ¢>ìEÆ>£IÆľ>VFi=Í¢>ìEºhJ·ºfºÙ=ǶÆ?½=a>º ¹Çif¶=
k«¾sÉrÁÆaÀºÍº>¢¸£«¶>ELaeÆb®Æ*f]AÐÊn¶kɶÆU
>ÃJrr] b¯ª *Ìab£Jº OÈa>U?Æ Ïf]? L>ÈBE Krr] >ÿ³¶Æ (ÍÈÛ=
(f«³¶= ¦ Æ (ÍÉr£= ¦ Í¢>ì¶>E ͯ·£J= OÈa>UÙ=Æ L>ÈÛ= ´·I
e>³¾Ý>Eð>vÈ?Lfº?¸E´¶dE¬J³IÆ(ÍÉr£=Í¢>ì¶=½b£ELfº@ª
Lfº? ¸E ´¶dE ¬J³I Æ (f«³¶= Í¢>ì¶= ½b£E Lfº?Æ *½>ºÝ= η¢
6>£I¹>® *´¶cÍfqÍ[r[r^=OÈa>UÙ=ÆL>ÈÛ=Æ *½>ºÝ=¹>J¯E
(>|ÚÏ®m°Ý[٧̰¼É"ZVÙ@(>W5®mÙ°lCWÃÈOWÚ VX=Ú [ÝÙÎU ÕCW%ÕÌ°¼É"YXT@
ÕÌ°¼É" YXT @(> #ÛܯI% Z[O #Å ÕÌ°¼É" YXT @ (> WÛܯªLkVÀ-Ù §Ì°¼É" ZVÙ @
¸É¶aafÈ>ºÄJºÙH>ì]ǹÇif¶=H>ì]Æ*>;qSÁÝ[ØTU -°2XÄ×1ÆMØ@°%
ÄEt>] ľ?η¢¸É¶aafÈ>¿ÂÆ(ÄI>ÉqÇr] ÀºÆÄEt>] ľ? η¢
Ä¿¢=Êue=bF¢À¢¤ª>¾À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ *ÄJºÙð>E>ì]Ádzɪ
>ºÅf²ÆGUí?>»Éª¼·j=Ðf=η¢Í¢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶= 6¹>®U¿¶=À¢
f»¢ÀE=À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ*Í¢>{×ƤتÍÉr£fºî?=cDªÍÉr£fºÖÈ
Á?×CÅf²ÆGU?>»ÉªÍ¢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶=Ðf=η¢ 6¹>®Ä¾? U¿¶=À¢
½Øj¶=ÆÌØr¶=ÄÉ·¢¹>®Æ*Í¢>{×ƤتÍÉr£fºî?ÁDªÍÉr£fºÖÈ
6¹>® ; ¼Ã·I>¯¾Øª?6=Ƕ>® 6¼·jºÅ=Æe>»ÉªÐ=fºÙ=ÆÐ>«·=Í¢>{Á@m
(×6¹>¯ª¬Éj¶>E¼ÂdE>¿¾Øª?=¹Çie>ȸɮ 6>ðvÈ?ÏÆeÆ*=Ç·q>º(×
*ð>U=ÇEð=f«î²=ÆfIÁ?ò×C 6¼·jºÆËe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆÌØr¶=¼³Éª=Ǻ>®?>º
Êue Àº À³¶Æ ¼·i b¯ª f³¾? ÀºÆ ÔfE b¯ª Åf² À»ª 6¼·jº ÏÆeÆ
¦ÆÍÉr£=¦Í«É·=Í¢>{srOÈa>UÙ=ÆL>ÈÛ=Ådê*¤E>IÆ
Ç·ª(ÐÎìÆÍÉr£>Efº@Èb®½Çr£=¦ÁC¹Ç¯¶=dÒ¿ÉUÊI@Èت(f«³¶=
-.,
Í¢>ìEfºÙ>EÀÈbv¶=E¤»>Efº?b®=ÁdzÈÁ?½h·¶ÄJ¢>{KFQÆ
ÀÈbv¶=E¤bQÇÈ׾ٹǯ¶==dÂÊI@È×(ÍÉr£=¼ÈfVJEÆÍ«É·=
ÍÉr£= Í¢>ì¶= ½b£E fº@ÈÆ (f«³¶=Æ ÍÉr£= ¦ Í¢>ì¶>E fº@È Çê
>£IÅfº=Æ?Ex®>¿IÆ?a>vIbQÇÈت*ÍÉr£=¼ÈfVJEfº@ÈÆ(f«³¶=Æ
=m= η¢ Øð ɶa X·rI × ÍÈÛ= Åd Á? FJÈ =dÃEÆ *¥ÇuÇ= =dÂ
*>ÃE¹×bJi×=¯jɪͻr£¶=
(¹×bJi×=ÍFIfºÀ¢Íì®>i>÷²ÆÍ»r£¶>E·Ñ>¯¶=Ͷa?ÊÂÅdÂ
ÁdzÈÁ?Í«É·=nÈ׾?FJÈÄ·²=dÂÀºÆ *>ðRRUX·rI×Æ
KjɶÆËfnEGr¿º ͪØ[=Á?Æ *´¶cnÈÁ?gÇ׸E(ð>ºÇr£º
*ÍÉCͶÆaKjɶÆ(ÍÈfnEͶÆaÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=ÁdzI´¶dEÆ*>ðÉCð>Fr¿º
-.-
!" .
% &"
% # $"
12 3 4 56 7" .' ()*+% , -/0
89" :";
4 <= /9 > $" ' ! 3 4" >
?=" >
4 /! @AB *C ' $D %
2 3
E
" FG *C <H $" ' ! 3 89"
IJ
4
:89 (/?=
OO
N 6 * LM" .F6 K*
.R+S Q( :9Q=
.? /T! % UV? I/ :'IO
>? W X
(QU % 9Y "Q Q Z (/+[? ! <= :'JO
.+; ? \& /?[? ] <^"
>4 Z " >
1
OJ /; _M9 8
`O ? F^ FY ? _?"= M %" >*C $D >6 K&a b /"
#O $0 I= % .
Z cJ #! _M9 ? Q" @/" Q
>bGd
)&e R?= f #O </& <=" >/; _M9 `
! I=
</)
hd QU E 6 K&i" >
1g I[6 K&T*
&" >
% 6 * LM ?= ._
:89 (/?=
h)N
Z ()*+% ' -/0 %
.jh 9k ! <[6 *Q lmAn <= :9Q=
.F&o? XJg "= >XJI= : /T* <= :'IO
*>ð¾>ÉU?ÀÆð>¾>ÉU? ÇVrÈÁ@E(°F캦ð>¾Ç¿QÀÁ?6>ÃN¶>M
b¯¢ÁÙ(¸É²ÆĶbQÇÈÆ?(ÊqÆÄÉ·¢½>¯ÈÁ?gÇ×¹>=ÅdÂÆ
*ĺ>¯ºÅ¦½Ç¯ÈÁ?XrÈت(Är^mη¢¤®ÆͪØ[=
(H>FiÙ=ÀºGFiË٠ͪØ[=Ð>F¢@E½>ɯ¶=À¢hR£¶=6>ãE=e
À¢ Ä£¿ ¹>v¢ zfº À¢ Á>² ½? Ä»jQ Ð>v¢? s¯¾ À¢ Á>²? Ð=Çi
´¶cÆ(¸»£¶>E½>ɯ¶=À¢ÅhR£EÌ£¶>ª*Ä¿ºÅÕfEÎQfÈ×Æ(¸»£¶>E½>ɯ¶=
ÀÈb¶= eǺ? ¸ì£JI Í«É·] Ķ Gr¾ Ëd¶= ¸»£¶>E ½>ɯ¶= À¢ ÅhR£E ľ?
ÎI@JÈÎJUĶh£E×C¹ÆhÈ×Æ(ÄJ¶=gCGf³¿º=dÂÆ *»·j=>rºÆ
*>ðFQ=ƹ>=ÅdÂĶh¢e>rª(Ŧͫɷ]ͺ>®C
»·j= >r frJ¶= À¢ =ðhQ>¢ Ä·£ Ëd¶= fï¶= 6>Ãjº>]
>rºÍÈ>¢eÀ¢ð=hQ>¢ÄɪXFq?bUCfÂ>®Åfî=cDª*¥fn¶=°ªÆÄÈ?fE
À¢ >ð»³U =ðhQ>¢ J£È ľDª ¥fn¶= ½>³U? GjU ÅbUÆ ÄÈ?fE »·j=
6J¶>UÄ£®=ÆeÇrJÈ=dÂÆ*Ķh¢GRɪͪØ[=Ð>F¢@E½>ɯ¶=
ÁÆbFJjɪ(ÄJÉm>UÀºa=fª?Æ?afªÄÉ·¢·jJÈÁ?6ÆÙ=Ͷ>=
(¼ÃJ«¶>À¢ð=hQ>¢XFrÈOÉ}¼ÃÈ?fEÁÆjÈÆ(ľÆfïÈÆeǺÙ=dÉ«¿JE
tØ=¹Çº@ºÁ>²ÁDª(f¿È¹>=ÅdÂÊ«ª *¼ÃÈ?fEj¶=η¢ð=eÇF
s·^J¶=ƼÂa>£EÝÌr¯¶=Ìb=Åd¸ÃÌr®Ìbº¹Ø]¼Ãì·jIÀº
*Ķh¢GQÆb¯ª×CÆ(hR£¶=GÂcƤ¾>=¹=g¸£ªÁDª(¼Ã¿º
ĢǮÇE´¶cÆ(eÇi@=>ÃɪÄFnȹ>UrÈÁ?6Íɾ>N¶=Ͷ>=
ÉjIÄIa=eCÅb¯«ÈÆ(Ð>nÈ>»²ÅjÈ(ÅcÇ«¾KÆ(Æb¢·jIK
¥Ç®Ç¶=Àºµ>³«¶=¹Çº@ºÁ>²ÁDª(f¿È¹>=ÅdÂÊ«ª*»·j=>rº
IJ>³ªÀ³º?ÁDª(Ìr¯¶=Ìb=Åd¸ÃÌr®Ìbº¹Ø]·jJ¶=K
-./
b¯ª ×CÆ (hR£¶= GÂcÆ ¤¾>= ¹=g (Æb£¶= ·jI Àº tØ= Àº À³Æ
*Ķh¢GQÆ
Ͷ>UÍÈ?¹ÇrUb¿¢Í«É·=¹h¢GÍj»=¹=ÇUÙ=ÅdÂÊ«ª
½>º? ÁÇ³È ÄI>FMCÆ (K·rU >þ? L>FMC C T>J >ÇrU Á? ×C *>ÿº
b¯£ÈÆ ¹h£Éª (Í«É·= ¹h¢Æ (ͪØ[= b¯¢ _j«E ¼³VJª (>= Í»³
*½>È?ÍMØM¹Ø]ŧ¶ÍªØ[=ÁÇ»·j=
-.0
Ìe>ºÝ=
ºÙ=Æ bÑ>¯¶=Æ kÉÑf¶=Æ (bU=Æ Î¿£ Ìa>ɯ¶=Æ Íi>Ñf¶=Æ Ìe>ºÝ=
ÀºÊÂÆ(>ɾb¶=ð>£É»·j»·¶Íi>ÑeÊê ͪØ[=>º? *bU=Æο£
Ìe>ºÝ>ª *¿ºÖ=º?λjÈÆ(º?Í«É·>ª(Ìe>ºÝ=KTeb¿IÆÌe>ºÝ=
Gr¿>E Íq>] ͪØ] Í»·³ª *Íi>Ñe >»ÂØ²Æ (s]? ͪØ=Æ (¼¢?
º?Gr¿EÁÆeǺ@ºÁÇ»·j=Æ *º?¸²Íº>¢Ìe>ºCÍ»·²Æ(Æf£=
(¼³= ¥=Ǿ? Àº Ìe>ºÝ= ÁÙ (Í«É·] Gr¿E ÁÆeǺ@º ¼Â >»² (¼ÃÉ·¢
ͺ>¢ ͪØ[=Á? ͪØ[=EÆ>ÿÉE±f«¶=Æ *ÄEʶÆ>»Éªfº?ÍÈ×ÆÊê
×Æ(ÄEÅǶÆ>»ÉªÆÅǶÆÀ»ÉªÍq>]ÅdÂÆ(>ɾb¶=»·j=¤Éη¢
Ìe>ºÝ=Æ Ìa>ɯ¶=Æ Íi>Ñf¶=Æ *ÄE 榮 >º Ïb£JI × >»² (ÅÇ¶Æ Àº Ïb£JI
(ÄE=fº?>ºaÆb}>ÃEÁÆbɯºÁÇ»·j>ª*>ðEÇ·i?KjɶÆ(Ê¢fm¼³U
*¥fn¶=Ð>Q>ºÆ
>ÃÉ·¢ð=º?>ÿÉEµnºfº@E½Ç¯I»·j=ÀºÍ¢>¸²Íº>®CÆ
fº?¦ÇÂÆbU=Ƹ³Eð>q>]fºÙ=Á>²=cC>º? *Í¢>»=ÅdÂη¢zfª
½Ç¯I>CÌe>ºÝ>ª*>ÃÉ·¢ð=º?¼É¯IÁ?¹>=ÅdÂ>ÿºG·ìÈت(f]Û=
Ķ ÁdzIÆ Á>ì·j¶= Ķ ÁÇ³È ÎJU (>ÿÉE µn= fºÙ= Í¢>»= η¢
fºAͺ>®C¼ÃÉ·¢¼JÍ¢>ÍÈ?Eµnºfº?aÇQƤ®=Ǫ *¸r«¶=Í»·²
ÁDz>º? *Äɪa>j«¶=¸rÆ(¼Ã¿ÉEHfìvÉifºÙ==dÂÁDª×CÆ(¼ÃÉ·¢
>»·ª(»·j=η¢ð>ufª>ÿÉEµnºfº@E½Ç¯I¶=Í¢>»R·¶kÉÑeͺ>®C
ôf«ß¾ÍMØN¶¸× 6¹>®U¿¶=Á?Æf»¢ÀE=bF¢ À¢¸F¿UÀE=ÏÆe
a>¿iDE e=hF¶= Tf]? >Æ ¼ÂbU? ¼ÃÉ·¢ =Æfº? ×C æÌت óze@E ÁǾdzÈ
-.1
¼³É·¢ =Æfº@ª f«i ÍMØM ¼J¿² =cC 6¹>® H>ì= ÀE f»¢ Á? XÉVq
ÀE=OÈbUÀºe=hF¶=Tf]?>Æ U =¹ÇieÅfº?º?µ=c(¼²bU?
f«i ÍMØM =Ǿ>² =cC 6¹>® U = ¹Çie Á? XÉVq a>¿iDE f»¢
f«i ÍMØM Tf] =cC 6Ëeb= bÉ£i ÊE? OÈbÆ ¼ÂbU? =ÆfºÖÉ·ª
¥fnÈ Ä¾? Ífq OÈa>UÙ= Ådê *aÆ=a ÇE? Å=Æe *¼ÂbU? =ÆfäºÖÉ·ª
ĶǮ Á? ×C *¼ÂbU? ¼ÃÉ·¢ =ÆfºÖÈ Á? =ðb¢>rª ÍMØM ¨·E ab¢ ¸³¶
fº?η¢£»J
ÁǾdzȼþ?η¢¹bÈf«i (Ìت 6OÈa>UÙ=
¹>»¢Ù=Àº´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ?(f«iÀÈfÑ>iÆ?(Ìت¼Ã¿ÉEµnº
Ê=Æ (oÉ=Æ ÍÈfj¶=Æ (ÍÉ£»= Æ? Hh= ´¶c ¸]bɪ (Ͳn=
Àº Ìت ÁÇ¾Ç³È ÍMØN¶ =d ¥fàm =cCÆ *´¶c ¦Æ f쯶=Æ Í¿Èb=Æ
Æ? ÁÇ³È ¼¢? ¸»£¶ Æ? (²? ab£¶ ÄJÉ¢fnª ÁÆfª>jÈ Æ? (zeÙ=
ÇÂ>>»Â¦ Æf«j¶=ÆÌØ«¶= ͺ>¢ ÁdzIOÈa>UÙ>ª *ÏfU?Æ
ÍɶÇqÙ=Ìb¢>¯¶>ª *´¶cη¢¹bÈͯª=Ç=½ÇëºÁÙ(>»Ã¿º¼¢?Ʋ=
½Çë=ÁDªÐÊmÀ¢ÊÃà¾Æ?ÐÊnEfº?=cDª*ÄE¹Ç»£ºH>ì=ÏÇVªÁ?
(Ä¿¢ÊþÆ?ÄEfº?>»Éª±Çì¿=¤º¸]bÈÄ¿¢Êÿ=ÀºÆÄEeǺ@=Àº
fºÙ= ÁDª ÐÊm À¢ Êþ Æ? ÐÊnE fº? =cC ľ? £È (±Çì¿>E sJ ×Æ
ÀÈb¶=Ƕ=¼Jm¼ÈfĶ>NºÆ *ÍÈǶÆÙ>E²?ÆÄ¿ºfN²?ÇÂ>º¸»nÈÊÿ¶=Æ
ØIC ¼ÈfÆ > GÊ \-ÈN #ÁV" ZVÙ @ 6>£I ĶǮ Ͷ×a Àº >»ÃEfuÆ
r\-W*XjÙ W$XSÙ%U WDSÉ ÁÚ
Wc WÛÏ° D¯ @6>£IĶǮͶ×aÀºÎº>Jɶ=¹=Ǻ?
6>£IĶǮÀºe>¿Èb¶=±Çª>ºÍÈa@I½b¢Æe>쿯¶=ÁÆa>ºÍÈa@IÆ*>-Ú Á¿
D¯ ÕC% 2ÀIØ<°%XT \ÙkV¯ à°P°Lj[UÄc qV¼=ª¯ ÈOØ=W%Ú
V" D¯ ÕCW% ª W*¦Ù ©#ØFU ÕC°%XT @
bU=ƺ@JEfº?¹Çif¶=ÁDª´¶d²Æ *> \ÙkV¯ à°P°Lj[UÄc Y qV<c°i¯ ÈOØ=W%Ú
V"
-.2
¼Â?Æf«j¶=Àºfì]?ÇÂ>ºÎ·¢ð>FVj¿ºfºÙ==dÂÁdzɪ*ÌØ«¶=Æf«j¶=
ÏÇVªÄÉ·¢¹bÈ>º¸²cC*Æ?H>EÀºÄ¶ðغ>mÆ(ÌØ«¶=aÇQǶ=Àº
OÈa>UÙ= F= =d ͯª=Ç= ½Çëº bÈÖÈÆ *fºÙ= ¸]=a H>ì=
fäº?b¯ª(f«j¶=Àºfì]?ÇÂ>»Éªfäº?ľDª ( U¹Çif¶=¸»¢Í¯E>j¶=
*ÍÈ×Ƕ=fäº?Æ(Æh§¶=fäº?Æ(S=
Æ? (Á>³º Í¢> ¸² η¢ º? ͺ>®C HÇQÆ ÍÉU>¾ Àº =dÂ
gÇ×Æ(ð=bU=ÆÁdzÈÁ?¼J¥fn¶>ªºÙ==dÂ>º?*¼Ã¿ÉEµnº¸»¢
f£È×Æ(ÍÉ¢>»=Ìa>ɯ¶=f£È×½ØiÝ>ª *bU=ÆÀºfN²?ÁdzÈÁ?
ÁÇ³È Á? GRɪ Ív ÍÈafª ½ØiÝ= Ìa>ɯ¶= >CÆ *ÍÉ¢>»= Íi>Ñf¶=
*bU=Æ Àº fN²? ÁÇ³È Á? gÇ ×Æ (ð=bU=Æ bÑ>¯¶= Æ? ºÙ= Æ? kÉÑf¶=
* U ¹Çif¶=¸£ªÆͯE>j¶=OÈa>UÙ=s¾fÂ>´¶cη¢¸É¶b¶=Æ
Í»·² Ê bU? Í»·²Æ *¼²bU? (¼ÂbU? 6¹Ç¯I >÷² OÈa>UÙ>ª
½ÇëºÀº´¶c¼Ã«ÈÆ *fN²?×ð=bU=ÆË?ab£¶=η¢¹bIÊÂÆ(bU=Æ
ÁÆbEÄE¸»£È fn¶=Æ ÍÈ>§¶=ÆÍ«r¶=Æab£¶=Í«¶>^=½ÇëºÆ *Í«¶>^=
Äɧ·Ès¾aeÆ=cCÊÂÆÌbU=ÆͶ>U×CÍ«¶>^=½Ç뺸ì£È×Æ(s¾
ÁDª>;<q¡XVU%WDÕjXqU ØD¯°ÄWÓ¯ÙrQ"WÃ×1Å°*XjW*VÙSÉF®mÖÉ"YXT@6>£IĶǮ¸Nº
=dÂÍ«¶>^=½ÇëºÀ³¶Æ *ÀÂßf³àÈð>¿r ÁafÈÁCľ?Í«¶>^=½Çëº
*> 9Zk¯\y XÄ\yXT <RW¦UVÙ WD[ ÈO5¯ rR7®Js SÈXmÙV" YXT @6>£IĶǯEΧ·àº
6>£IĶǯ²ÄE¸»£ÈdÒ¿ÉUľDªÍ«¶>[^=½Ç[ëºÊ§[·Ès¾afȼ[¶=cCÆ
6 UĶǯ²Æ > QWÚ\B VRV}°% \-ÆMØ@°K% i°PXT #Å TÁ®ÕBVÙ r°7sXT ÉRXk°5s @
ÅbÉɯIÏfQr¿¶=ÀÈd¼³>ª OF=¸»J·®Ð>=¨·E=cC
¹bÈľDª*ĪØ~ab£¶=´¶c=b¢>ºÁ?η¢¹bÈ=dÂÅbÉɯIÆ(tÇrab£E
-.3
*>ðNF]¸»J·¯¶=À¢s¯¾>ºÁ?η¢Æ(ÍÑ>=η¢a=g>ºg=ÇQ½b¢Î·¢
=Æfäº? ×C (¼ÂbU? =ÆfºÖÉ·ª 6 U ¹Çif¶= ¹Ç® ÁDª ´¶c η¢Æ
׾@EOÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÍ«¶>^=½Ç뺹bÈ ¼²bU?=Æfº@ª (¼ÂbU?
Á?gÇ×Æ(bU=ǶÌe>ºÝ=K¾>²>¿ÂÀºÆ*bU=ÆÀºfN²?fºÖÈÁ?gÇ
´¶cbÈÖÈÆ*>ðºÇëºÆð>®Ç쿺OÈa>UÙ=s¿Eð>¯·ìºbU=ÆÀºfN²ÙÁdzI
kɶð=bU=ÆfëºÖÈÁ>²>Ãɪfäº?¶=Pa=Ç=¤ÉľDªU¹Çif¶=¸»¢
*>ð¯·ìºbU=ÆÁ>³ºbU=ÆÀºfN²?fºÖÈÆ(¦
ÎiǺ>E?Æð=c>£º¸ie?ľ? U¹Çif¶=À¢ËÆf=OÈb=>º?Æ
׾Dª >¢Æ>ìIÆ=f«¿I×Æ=fnEÆ=fj£I×Æ=fjÈ 6>»¹>®ÆÀ»É¶=C
Ëe>^F¶= aeÆ OÈb= ÁDª *bU=Æ Á>³º η¢ ¿M= fäº? ľ? η¢ ¹bÈ
O£E6¹>®ÄÉE?À¢ÌafEÊE?ÀEbÉ£i>¿MbUÍF£m>¿MbU¼·jº>¿MbU 6s¿E
×Æ=fnEÆ=fj£I×Æ=fjÈ6¹>¯ªÀ»É¶=Cð=c>£ºÆÎiǺ>E?ÅbQU¿¶=
>¿MbU 6s¿Eð>vÈ?Ëg>§=H>EÄj«¾OÈb=aeÆÆ *>¢Æ>ìIÆ=f«¿I
=¹ÇieO£E6¹>®ÌafEÊE?À¢´·=bF¢>¿MbU;=Ç¢ÇE?>¿MbUÎiǺ
η¢>»Ã¿ºbU=Ƹ²O£EÆ6¹>®À»É¶=C¸FQÀEc>£ºÆÎiǺ>E? U
°·ì¾>ª=f«¿I×Æ=fnEÆ=fj£I×Æ=fjÈ6¹>®¼MÁ>ªØÀ»É¶=ƹ>®Ø
¸ie?ľ@EÏf]Ù=ÍÈ=Æf¶=fj«IÍÈ=Æf¶=Ådê *Ä·»¢C>»Ã¿ºbU=Ƹ²
ÀȺ?>¾Ç³È¼·ª(>ÿºÍÃQη¢>»Ã¿ºbU=Ƹ²¸£QÆ(À»É¶=C¿M×=
Á>³=¦Á>³ºÎ·¢ð=º?>»Ã¿ºbU=Ƹ²Á>²>CÆ(bU=ÆÁ>³ºÎ·¢
bU=Ƕ=fºÚ¶ÁdzÈÁ?gÇت´¶cη¢Æ *ÄÉ·¢ð=º?f]Û=Á>²Ëd¶=
kÉÑf¶=ÁdzÈÁ?G¸E*Á>¿M=Á>jÉÑebU=Ƕ=Á>³»·¶×Æ(Á>¿M=Á>jÉÑe
Á? ¼·£È Á? ʧF¿È ľ? ×C *´¶c Àº fN²? ÁÇ³È Á? ½fÆ (¯ª =ðbU=Æ
-.4
ÊvJ¯I ͺ>¢h¶= ÁÙ (ͺ>¢g Kjɶ ½ØiÝ= Ìa>ɯ¶=Æ Ìe>ºÝ=Æ Íi>Ñf¶=
ÍÈ>¢e °U kÉÑf·¶ ¸£ >C Êê ½ØiÝ= Íi>Ñf¶= >º? *¼É¢h¶= ¥>FI=
¸]a>º¸³¶dÉ«¿J¶=Æ(ĶÄJi>ÑeK¾>²Ëd¶=fºÙ=Á>ì·j¶=ÆÁÆÖn¶=
Å>ì¢?>ºaÆbU(ð=º?>Gr¾¶=L>ÉUØr¶=GjUÄJi>ÑeK
*ÄÉ·¢ð>jÉÑeGr¾Ëd¶=fºÚ¶ÍFj¿¶>E¥fn¶=
k·
¼i>EÍÉ¢>Íi>Ñeͺ>®CÀº»·j=aØEÎn«I>º>º?
Íi>Ñf¶= L>ÉUØq > ÁdzI (´¶c ¸²>m >º Æ? ÍÈe=aC ÍÒÉ Æ? Í¿ Æ?
>þÙ(Í¿R·¶=Æ?k·=Æ?ÍÒÉ=ÅdÍi>Ñf¶=K·£Q=cC¥fn¶=¬¶>´¶dª
=cC >º? *OÈa>UÙ= s¿E ½=fU ´¶cÆ Í¢>» Ìe>ºÝ= K·£Q b® ÁdzI
eǺÙ=Ín®>¿=ÆÐ>F¢Ù=¸¸Q?ÀºÍÒÉ=Æ?k·=Æ?Í¿R·¶=K¾>²
ÄE \b > ÁÙ (½ØiÝ= Àº ÇÂÆ hÑ>Q ´¶c ÁDª (ÏeÇn¶>E ½>ɯ¶=Æ
e>FJ¢×=OÉUÀºdÒ¿ÉU>ÃÈ?eÁdzÈÆ(¼Ã¿ÉEÏeÇm¼Âfº?Á?ÁÇ»·j=
°·£JÈ >»Éª ÏeÇn¶= afÆ (¹>»¢Ù>E ½>ɯ¶>E °·£JÈ >»Éª ÍÈfN²Ù>E >ðºh·º
=cCkÉÑf¶=Æ *¬Èe>£J¶=ÆÍÉ¿«¶= Ð=eÛ=Æf³ªCËaÖI¶=Ð=eÛ=ƽ>³UÙ>E
Äɪ¬·J]=>º>º?Æ *¹>»¢Ù>E½>ɯ¶=§E°·£JºÇÂ>»ÉªÅ=fÈ>ºd«¿È½h¢
ÄNVF¶ ¸ ت ÍÈafª Æ? ÍÉ¢> Ìa>ɯ¶= ÁDz Àº É¢ÇÉn¶= Æf³«º
¥>CÄÉ·¢ÏfQÆðØ»¢Æð>r¾ÍÈafªÌa>ɯ¶=¢b®½ØiÝ=ÁÙ(½ØiÝ=
*eÇr£¶=¤ÉͺîÙ=ÄEKºhJ¶=ÆÍE>Vr¶=
-.5
Í[¢>[ì¶=
-/,
ÄÂf³Èð>ÒÉmź?ÀºÏ?eÀº6¹>®U¿¶=À¢>»Ã¿¢=Êuel>F¢ÀE=
Á>²Æ*¼·jºÅ=ÆeÍÉ·Â>QÄJJÉ»ªL>»ªð=mÍ¢>»=±e>ªÀºÄ¾DªrÉ·ª
>¿·]a 6¹>®Íɺ? ÊE? ÀEÌa>¿Q À¢ *Í¢>ì¶= ÄÉ·¢ ¿¶=ÁÇ»·j=¤È>E>
=´£«¿ÈOÈb}PbU=´V·q?>¿·®xÈfºÇÂÆKº>r¶=ÀEÌa>F¢Î·¢
Á?>¿É·¢d]?>»Éª¹>¯ªÅ>¿£È>Fª U¿¶=>¾>¢a6¹>® U ¿¶=ÀºÄJ£ÄE
>¿É·¢ðÌfM?Æ>¾fjÈÆ>¾fj¢Æ>¿Âf³ºÆ>¿ìn¿ºÍ¢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶=η¢>¿£È>E
Äɪ = Àº ¼²b¿¢ ð>U=ÇE ð=f«² =ÆfI Á? ×C 6¹>® Ä·Â? fºÙ= ¥g>¿¾ × Á?Æ
Á? ×C *Í¢>ì¶>E ÌfºA LÐ>Q OÈa>UÙ=Æ L>ÈÛ>ª *Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe Á>ÂfE
ÍÉÂ>¾Ïf]Ù=OÈa>UÙ=LÐ>Q´¶d¶Æ(½ØiÝ=aÆb}ÌbɯºÍ¢>ì¶=ÅdÂ
°¶>=ÍÉr£º±Ç·^Í¢>{× 6 U¹>® *=ÍÉr£ºÍ¢>ì¶=À¢
6¹>® U ¿¶= À¢ Ä¿¢ = Êue = bF¢ À¢ ¤ª>¾ PbUÆ *b? Å=Æe
fº?=cDªÍÉr£fºÖÈ>ºÅf²ÆGU?>»Éª¼·j=Ðf=η¢Í¢>ì¶=Ƥ»j¶=
*Ëe>^F¶=Å=ÆeÍ¢>{ƤتÍÉr£
(½>£¶=>Fv¾×=¸Q?ÀºÁdzIU=>ÃEfº?Í¢>ì¶=ÅdÂÁ?×C
b¯ª=¸ÉFi¦¸ÉFj¶ÁdzIÆ?(½ØiÝ=buÍ¢>ì¶=ÅdÂÁdzIU>º?
x£EÀ¢ÍU=fq>£I=>¾>þ´¶c¸Q?ÀºÆ(>ÿ¢ÎÿȽØiÝ=Ð>Q
SÉ"TÊ WÛÏ° ]C°K% <c®mVÙ SÄÈk°¼É" D¯ ÜSÄ<W%XÄ WÛÏ° SM{iU
Wc @ 6¹>¯ª L>¢>ì¶=
CWÃÈOWÚ VX=Ú [ÝÙÎU ÕCW%ÕÌ°¼É"YXT@(>WÛÏ®m°Ý[×1Å°=RÝg¯\iØÈW1ÅTwjÄmWc_ W*¦Ù
r¯Û CW% XnQ<ÓU ÕÌ°¼É" D¯XT @ (> 9»ÄmÉÙ ÈPÄmÙ%U |E[XT ÈOXS\F \ÌW"XT W5®mÙ°l
ZVÙ @(> |ÚÏ®m°Ý[Ù §Ì°¼É" ZVÙ @(> ©#k¯\y CWà [S~ ¦²Äc ¨º×q)]
#Å ÕÌ°¼É" YXT @(> ;qSÁÝ[ ØTU -°2XÄ ×1ÆMØ@°% ÕÌ°¼É" YXT @ (> WÛܯªLkVÀ-Ù §Ì°¼É"
-/-
¿É£º t>^m? Í¢>{ À¢ ÎÿI >÷² L>ÈÛ= Ådê > #ÛܯI% Z[O
(½ØiÝ=¸ÉFi¦¸ÉFj¶Æ(½ØiÝ=bu>þ?FJÈ>ãFJIÀºÆ *¼ÃI>«rE
a>CCð>ªfr¿º>¿iÇ«¾Í¢>ì¶=ÀÈdzIÁdzÈÎJU>¿¶>£I=>ÿäÉEb®Æ
ð=efu>ÃɪXFrȶ=À{=Ç=À¢>Fv¾×==dÂb£F¾ÎJUÆ*½>£¶=>Fv¾×=
=fº?·ÈU¼·j=η¢G´¶d¶Æ*Í¢>ì¶=LbQÆ=cCÁ>ɳ¶=η¢
*¼ÃJ¢>{À¢=ÎþÀºÍ¢>{À¢ÊÃJ¿ÈÁ?Í¢>ì¶>E
-/.
Gɶ>iÙ=ƽ>³Uڶͫɷ=FI
¾=ǯ¶=ÀiË?
ÇÂÆ *ÁǾ>®bU=Ƕ=(¹ÇqÙ=ÍÉEf£¶=ͧ·¶=>Â>¿£º¾=ǯ¶=Í»·²
Ëd¶= fºÙ= Å>¿£º ¿QÙ= \Øìq×= ÁǾ>¯¶=Æ *Hf£º Ê»R¢? «¶
b¢=ǯ¶=¥Ç»
%ľ@EÁǾ>¯¶=f¢b®Æ*l>¿¶=ÄÉ·¢jɶÁ>ì·j¶=ÅebrÈ
Ç OÉUÀºÁǾ>¯¶=Æ *$ÄI>®Ø¢>â>FI=η¢ l>¿¶=Á>ì·j¶=¶=
¹ÆÙ=6Á>¢Ç¾ÅdÂÆ(ðØq?L>®Ø£¶=¼¿I¶=½>³UÙ=>»ÂbU?6Á>»j®
¦ Ïf]Ù= ¾=ǯ¶= fÑ>i ʾ>N¶=Æ (eÇJib¶= ÇÂÆ Êi>iÙ= ÁǾ>¯¶=
¶=ÍÉ¢f«¶=¹>£ªÙ=¼¿ÈËd¶=Çê¾=ǯ¶=ÀºÊ¾>N¶=¼j¯¶=>º? *eÇJib¶=
£È(¸Ñ>iǶ=¼¿ÈËd¶=Æ(>ÃEt>]¼³U>kɶÆ(½>¢¼³U>÷qÙ
kÉ¶Æ (½>¢ ¼³U > ¶= ÍÉ·qÙ= ¹>£ªÙ= >ÃE ÏaÖI ¶= Gɶ>iÙ= ÊÂ
Æ? ÍÈe=aC ¾=Ç® > ¹>¯ÈÆ (L=ÆaÙ= ¼¿I ¶=Æ (ÄE t>] ¼³U >âf«¶
H>ì] Ð>Qb®a>F£¶=¹>£ª?K¾>²>Æ *´¶c¸²>m>º Æ? ÍÈe=aCÍ»¾?
LÐ>QÆ*=Àºð>ÉIA>ûɿIÁ>²´¶d¶(ÄEbɯJ¶=ð>ºh·º>ÃE°·£J=¥e>n¶=
K¾>²?Ð=Çi(¼ÃI>®Ø¢¤ÉÆl>¿¶=¹>£ª?¤É»|ͯ·£JºÍɺØiÝ=Í£Èfn¶=
×´¶d¶ *¼Â¦¤º¼ÃJ®Ø¢½?(¼Ãj«¾?¤º¼ÃJ®Ø¢½?(=¤º¼ÃJ®Ø¢
ÁÆbɯº¼Ãª(¼ÃI>®Ø¢¼É¿J¶l>¿¶=¸F®Àº¾=Ç®Àj¶½ØiÝ=¸
Ä1ÉF \®V
TÊ
VÙ \jTÀiÄP i\ÈW*Wc CW%XT @6>£I=¹>® *ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ>E
> SÀIW)5VÙ ÈOØ<WÃ ×1ÅSMW; W%XT ÈPTÅkÄbVÙ Ä$SÀym Ä1ÅV"XÄ W%XT @(> WDSÄ.° À
WDSÅWc DU mÙ%U àÄ ÉSÀyXqXT ³_³V Vl¯ RX=°%ØUÄ% YXT C°%ØUÀ-° WD[ W%XT @6¹>®Æ
6¹>®U=¹ÇieÁ?ÍnÑ>¢À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ> ×1°F®mÙ%U ÕC°%ÅQXn]m°cÚÄ1ÀIV
-//
l>¿·¶ ¥fm Ëd¶= Ç >ª *ae Çê >¾fº? ÄÉ·¢ kɶ ðØ»¢ ¸»¢ Àº
>â>FI=η¢Á>ì·j¶=Q?ƼÂQ?Ëd¶=ÇÂÆ(Á>ì·j¶=kɶƽ>³UÙ=
fnF·¶¸×=dÆ *>¦¥>FI=Àº¼Ã£¿ºÆ(>ÃE¼ÂfrUÆ(¼ÃI>®Ø¢
Æ?l>¿¶=e>FQCÁ>ì·j·¶Á>³º×Æ(l>¿¶=L>®Ø¢¼É¿J¶½>³U?¤uÆ
×C *¼ÃI>®Ø¢¼É¿IfnF¶=¤uÆÀº½>³U?Æb¢=Ç®¥>FI=η¢¼ÂÉ
LÐ>Qa>F£¶=¹>£ª@E°·£J=¥e>n¶=H>ì]ÊÂÆ(ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=Á?
ÍÉEf£¶=ͧ·¶=GjUÁ>£ºÌb¢¸»J>N³¶=>ÃɪÁ>²Æ(OÈb=ÆÁAf¯¶=
¸rÈÁ?Æ(>ûêl>¿¶=¬·JÁ?ð>É»JUÆð>É£ÉF{Á>³ª*¥fn¶=GjUÆ
>¿ÂÀºÆ *a=f=ο£=fÈ>§J¶=ÆÀÈ>FJ¶=bUC¼Ã«¶=ØJ]×==dÂ
ÁdzÈb®´¶d¶ *Í«·J½>ê?ÆÍ¿È>FJº½>ê?µ>¿ÂÁdzIÁ?ÀºbE×Á>²
b£E ¹>® U U ¹Çif¶>ª *Í¿È>FJºÆ Í«·J Ð=eA bU=Ƕ= ¼³= µ>¿Â
×Cfr£¶=ãbU?çÀßÉå·ßràÈ × 6Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe>»²H=hUÙ=ÌÆh¦ÀºÄ¢ÇQe
(°Èfì¶=fr£¶==Çò·qƹ>R£Ji×=br®Ä¾?t>^m?¼ÃªÍÈf®E
=Ç·qÆÎJU>ÂÆf]?Æfr£¶==Çò·rȼ·ªÍ·»=ο£ºbr®Ä¾?l>¾?¼ÃªÆ
*Ļêη¢ðØ²î ¯Èf«¶=çf®?´¶c¹Çif¶=¨·E>Æ*µ>¿Â>ÂÇò·rªÍÈf®E
¼ÃªËe>^F¶=Å=ÆeH>J³¶=Í>«E?f¯ÈÀÌØq× 6¹Çif¶=¹>®UÆ
Á>²e? Àº À²e Í>«¶= ÌÐ=f® ÁC =Ƕ>¯ª ÍVÉVq ÌØq × br® ľ? l>¾?
ÌØq×br®Ä¾?ÁÆf]Al>¾?¼ÃªÆ(ÄIØqK·ìE>Â?f¯ÈÀºÌØr¶=
ÌÐ=f® ¸E (ÌØr¶= Á>²e? Àº >ð¿²e Kjɶ Í>«¶= ÌÐ=f® ÁC =Ƕ>¯ª (Í·º>²
KVqÁAf¯¶=ÀºÍÈAÍçÈ??f®ÆÍ>«¶=?f¯È=cC´¶d¶Æ(À²f¶=ÊÂÁAf¯¶=
Æc×Æ(fª>³EÀºÖº¸ßJ¯àÈ× 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç®=Ç«·J]=´¶d²Æ*ÄIØq
¸J¯àÈ×ð=fª>²¸ßJ®í=cC¼·j=Á?Í¢>¼Ã«ªÊÑ>j¿¶=Å=Æe Åbâæbâ
-/0
fª>³EÀºÖº¸ßJ¯àÈ× 6¹Çif¶=¹Ç®ÁÙ *Ø ð NºkFVàÈÁ@²eh£àÈ>CÆ(ÄE
fª>³¶=Æ ÊEf= fª>³¶= E ±f«È ľ? ÁÆf]A ¼ÃªÆ *Ä·J® ½b¢ XÈfq
fª>³¶=ÆbÂ>£=fª>³¶=´¶d²Æ(Ä·J®=cCʺd¶=fª>³¶>E¸ßJ¯àȼ·j>ª*ʺd¶=
¹Çif¶=¹Ç®ÁÙ *Äí·Jí®=cCÄE¼·j=¸ßJ¯àÈتÊEf=fª>³¶=>º?Æ(Àº@Jj=
ÁDª ÅbâbâÆc×Æ 6ĶǮÇÂÆ´¶cη¢¹bÈOÈb=k«¾
bã¶=ÆcÁ>²>Æ *fª>³EbâÆc¸ßJ¯àÈ×Æ(fª>³E¼·jº¸ßJ¯àÈ×Å>¿£º
bÂ>£ºfª>²¸ßJ¯àÈ×Ë?(ÊEf=£Ifª>²Í»·²ÁdzIÁ?¼JVJÈľDªð=fª>²
¸J¯È×Æ(ÊEfUfª>³E¼·jº¸J¯È×OÈb=ο£ºÁdzɪ *ÊEfUfª>³E
ÆcÆ(ÊEf=fª>³¶=§E¸J¯È¼·j=Á?ĺÇëºÆ(ÊEfUfª>³EbâÆc
¸J¯È × ¼·j>² ľdzª fª>² bã¶= ÆcÆ *ÊEf= fª>³¶= §E ¸J¯È bã¶=
× ÊEf= fª>³¶= OÈb= fª>² Í»·² Àº a=f= Á? η¢ ¹bÈ fª>³E
*Ä·J¯ªð>ÈaÇÃȸJ®¼·j=¹Çif¶ÐÊQľ?ËÆe>º´¶cbÈÖÈÆ *ʺd¶=
Àº N² =d³ÂÆ *bU=Ƕ= ¼³= Ë?f¶= ÀÈ>FI ¼Ã«¶= ÀÈ>FJ¶= =dÃEÆ
¼·j= η¢ ¼J bU=Ƕ= ¼³= Ð=eÛ= ØJ]>ª *OÈa>UÙ=Æ L>ÈÛ=
°U = ¼³UÆ (ÍÉ¢fm ½>³U? >÷² >þ٠(>ÿº bU=Æ Ë?fE d]Ù=
(Åd]Ù>ÿºbU=Ƽ³UÉ£IÀºbE×´¶d¶Æ(ab£JÈ×bU=Ƕ=s^n¶=
ÀºÄQÇEÄ¿ºt>¿º×Æð>ºg×ð=fº?Ê¢fm¼³¼·j=FIÁ>²>¿ÂÀºÆ
Á>²ð>ufªbU=Ƕ=¼³>E¸»£¶=HÇQÆaf
Æ*¸»£¶=fm>FÈ>ºb¿¢ÅÇQǶ=
*£º ¼³U FI HÇQÆ ¼J >ðU>Fº Æ? >ðÂÆf³º Æ? >ðº=fU Æ? >ðEÆb¿º Æ?
d]@ÈUð>¿É£ºð>É¢fmð>»³UοFJÈÁ?¼·jº¸²Î·¢ð>FQ=ÆÁ>²=dÆ
*Í«É·]¦ ½?Í«É·](ð=b·¯º ½?ð=bÃJ
Á>²?Ð=Çi¸»£¶>E½>ɯ·¶½>³UÙ=
(įU = ¼³U Ç ʢfn¶= ¼³= =d e>q >ð¿É£º >ð»³U οFI =cCÆ
-/1
*ÄFj}½Øi޶ǢbÈÆl>¿·¶Ä»·£ÈÆ(ÅbUÆÄFQǸ»£ÈÄEð>ºh·ºe>qÆ
UĶÌÇ¢b¶=Æŧ¶Ä»É·£IÆÄE¸»£¶=Ǽ³V·¶¼·j=FIο£ºÁÙ
=d e>q >ð¿É£º >ð»³U ¼·j= οFI =cCÆ *Åe>³ª?Æ ½ØiÝ= ½>³U٠ǢbÈ
6¤Ee? ×C Ä²È Á? Ķ gÇ ×Æ (įU = ¼³U Ç ĿɣE ¼³=
Åb¿¢£JÈÆ(ķɶaÀºÏÇ®?¸É¶aeÇÃÆķɶa¬£uĶFJÈÁ?>Â=bUC
(Å>¿FI>ºµfIÄÉ·¢GdÒ¿ÉUÆ(Ëǯ¶=¸É¶b¶=ÄÉ·¢¹a>ºÇÂ=¼³UÁ?
η¢G·§ÈÁ?6>Ãɾ>M *įU=¼³UÇÂe>qľÙ(bÈb=Ë?f¶=FIÆ
¹×bJi×>E±a?Æ>F¿Ji×>EÄ¿º¼·¢?ÇÂÀºÄìF¿Ji=bÈb=Ë?f¶=Á?Ä¿
>(ŦοFJÈÆÅ>¿FI>ºµÈÁ?ĶgÇdÒ¿Vɪ(¥fn¶>EÍ{>UCfN²?Æ?
*¼Â¦Ë?eÁÆd]@ÈƼÂÐ=eAÁDzÈ=Ǿ>²¼Ã¾?ÍE>Vr¶=e>F²À¢KFM
*ÄÈ?eµfIÆÊ·¢Ë?ef»¢d]?Æ(ÄÈ?eµfIÆÊ·¢Ë?ef³EÇE?d]?b¯ª
Åd ʫª *bU=Æ Ë?e η¢ »·j= Í»·² ¤ a=f= ÁÇ³È Á? 6>ÃN¶>MÆ
¤a=fÈËd¶=Ë?f¶=οFJÈÆÅ>¿FIËd¶=Ë?f¶=µÈÁ?¼·j»·¶gǹ>=
l>¿¶=Àº¤ßÈ>FàÈÁ?¸F®Ä¾?Á>»N¢À¢KFM>´¶cÆ(ÄÉ·¢»·j=Í»·²
b®Æf»¢Æf³EÊE?Åb£EÀº^Én¶=Ë?eÆĶÇieÍ¿iÆ=H>J²Î·¢
ÇE?Å>¿FIÁ?°Fi>ºFIÆÇÂÅ>¿FI>µfIÇÂÆ(´¶cη¢ÍE>Vr¶=Åf®?
ÄɶCÅ=a?Ëd¶=¼³= ¬¶>ð>»³UÍ«É·=οFJÈÁ?6>ãE=eÆ *f»¢Æf³E
(Åa>ÃJQ= ÄɶC Ïa? > ¸»£¶= µfI ÄÉ·¢ G Ͷ>= Åd ʫª (Åa>ÃJQ=
äÁ? η¢ b¯£¾= b® ÍE>Vr¶= ¥>C Áä Ù (½>ºÝ= Å>¿FI Ëd¶= ¼³>E ¸»£¶=Æ
Åd ʫª *»·j= ¤É η¢ dª>¾ Åfº? Áä ?Æ $Ø= ¤ªfÈ ½>ºÝ= fº?%
Á? gÇ ×>Â=b¢ >ºÆ(ŦοFJÈÆÅ>¿FI>º¼·j=µÈ Í£EeÙ=¹=ÇUÙ=
>º οFJÈ Á? ¼·jº ¸³¶Æ afª ¸² >ÃE G{> Í£Èfn¶= ÁÙ (ð>¯·ìº IJÈ
-/2
¹=ÇUÙ= ×C Å>¿FI > ½h¶? οFI =cCÆ *bÉ·¯J¶= Æ? a>ÃJQ×>E ÄɶC ¸rÈ
*Ê¢fn¶=¸É¶b¶>EÌ>¿NJj=
ÍFj¿¶>E >º? (Äj«¿E ÄI>®Ø¢ ¼É¿I afª ¸² ½>ɯ¶ ÍFj¿¶>E =dÂ
½>³U?ͺ>®CÆ(Á>ì·j¶=Ð>F¢@Eĺ>É®Æ(Í«É·=¸F®ÀºÍºîÙ=ÁÆÖmÍÈ>¢f¶
ÍÈ>¢efm>FÈÍ¿É£ºð>º>³U?οFJÈÁ?ÀºbE×´m×ÆľDªl>¿¶=η¢=
¤É»½>¢ÇÂ>»ÉªÍ¿É£ºð>º>³U?οFJÈÁ?ÀºbE×Æ(>ÃFj}l>¿¶=ÁÆÖm
T=f=Æ GÑ=fv¶=Æ Ì>²h¶>² (Á>ì·j¶=Æ ¼³= ÁÆÖm Àº »·j=
ÁdzÈÆ*¼³=ÌbUÆÆͶÆb¶=ÌbUÇE°·£JÈ>º¸²Æ(ÍÉQe>=L>®Ø£¶>²Æ
Åfm>FÈ>ÍFj¿¶>EľÙ(ð=hÑ>Q×ð>FQ=ÆÍ«É·=¸F®ÀºL×>=ÅdÂFJ¶=
¼³UGjUĶ>»¢?¤ÉÉjJEð>ºh·ºð>»·jºÅe>FJ¢>E½g×fº?¹>»¢?Àº
¹>»¢Ù=ÆÍq>=¹>»¢Ù=E´¶c±fª×Æ(įU=¼³UÇ£º
¹>»¢Ù=¸]=aľDªÁ>ì·j¶=Ƽ³=ÁÆÖmÀºÇÂ>ÍFj¿¶>EÆ *ͺ>£¶=
bU=Æ ¼³U GjU jI Á? Àº bE × ÊÂÆ ÁÆÖn¶= ÍÈ>¢e Àº ÍÉ·qÙ=
¼³U GjU jÈ Á? G ľDª ͶÆb¶= ÌbUÇE °·£JÈ > ÍFj¿¶>EÆ *£º
*zfªÇê>ÃɶCËaÖȸ»¢¸²Æ(zfªÍ¶Æb¶=ÌbUÆÁÙ(£ºbU=Æ
=b¢>º>º?(ð=hÑ>Q×ð>FQ=Æ>ÃE°·£JÈ>º¸³¶bU=Ƽ³UFIÁ>²´¶d¶Æ
ĶgÇÆ(>ÃE¸»£¶=l>¿¶=½h·ÈÍ¿É£ºð>º>³U?οFJÈÁ?Í«É·^·¶gÇRɪ´¶c
fn¿¶ ÏÇ®?Æ (»·j= >r¶ ¤«¾? Å=fÈ >º ´¶c ¸£«È *οFJÈ × Á?
ÇE?οFIb®Æ*Á>ì·j¶=ÌǮƼ³=Ͷ=b£¶X·q?Æ(ĺ>³U?¼É·£IƽØiÝ=
Ê·¢Æ Á>»N¢Æ f»¢ Åb£E Àº οFIÆ (>ÃE l>¿¶= ½h¶? ÍÉ¢fm >ðº>³U? f³E
¹=Ç{ ´¶cη¢ÍE>Vr¶=K³ib®Æ(>ÃE¸»£¶=l>¿¶==Ǻh¶?Æ(ð>º>³U?
l>¿¶=½=h¶Cƽ>³U?FIe>³¾CË?¼Ã¿ºbU?À¢¤»jÈÆ(¼Âfr¢
-/3
µEl>¿¶=½=h¶CÇÂcCf³¿È>ľ?¤º(½>³U?Àº=Ç¿FI>¸»£¶=µfIÆ(>ÃE
ÍE>Vr¶=Àºð>¢>CÁ>²=dÆ*¼Ã¯U=½>³U?K¾>²Æ(>ÂÇ¿FI½>³U?
=dÆ *>ÃE¸»£¶=l>¿¶=½h·ÈÁ?Æ(Í¿É£ºð>º>³U?οFJÈÁ?Í«É·^·¶Á?η¢
(ÄɪοFJÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢G>K¾>²?Ð=ÇiÍ¿É£ºð>º>³U?Í«É·=οFI=cCľDª
=dÃE¸»£ÈÁ?ÄJÉ¢eÀº¼·jº¸²Î·¢GQÆ(ÄɪοFJÈÁ?ĶgÇ>½?
Í«É·=Å>¿FI>ºÁÙ(Å>¿FIÁ?Ķ°FiËd¶=¼³>E¸»£¶=µÈÁ?Æ(¼³=
(ĪØ~¸»£ÈÁ?Ķ¸×Æ(¸»£¶=OÉUÀºÄ¯U=¼³UÇÂe>q
Åf¾Á>²Ç¶Æ (Å=fÈ>º Ø]Á>²Ç¶ÆÅbUÆÄE¸»£ÈÁ? G¸E
οFJÈÁ?½>ºÞ¶Á?ÀºÍE>Vr¶=¥>CÄÉ·¢b¯£¾=>´¶cÆ*¸É¶b¶=¬É£u
K«¶>] Ç¶Æ (>ÃJ¢>{ »·j= η¢Æ (>ÃE ¸»£¶>E fº@ÈÆ (Í¿É£º >ðº>³U?
PåbVàÈ Á?Á>ì·j·¶%6Ê´¶cÌeÇÃn=ÍÉ¢fn¶=b¢=ǯ¶=Æ *¼Âa>ÃJQ=
($Ø= ¤ªfÈ ½>ºÝ= fº?%($Lسnº ÀºPàbVßÈ >º eb¯E ÍÉv®Ù= Àº
EÆÄ¿ÉEÆ(ͶÆb·¶Í¢>{l>¿¶=EÆÄ¿ÉEË?$ð>¿{>EÆð=fÂ>dª>¾½>ºÝ=fº?%
Á? ×C *¸»£¶= OÉU Àº įU = ¼³U e>q ½>ºÝ= Å>¿FI >º ÁÙ =
¸»£¶=µfIÆ(½>³U?ÀºÅ>¿FI>¼Ã·»¢½Æh¶Æ½>ºÝ=fºÙl>¿¶=¥Çv]
(ÅfºÙ ¥Çv] Ç >CÆ (½>ºÝ= Å>¿FI > >ðÉ¿FI J£È × ÅÇ¿FI >Æ (¼ÃÑ=eBE
ËÙ gÇ ´¶d¶Æ *Å>¿FI > >ðÉ¿FI kÉ¶Æ (¸»£¶= ÍÉU>¾ Àº Å>¿FI > dÉ«¿IÆ
ǶƽØi޶ǢbÈU>ÃɶCÇ¢bÈÁ?Æ(½>³U?ÀºÅ>¿FI>º¼ù·£àÈÁ?¼·jº
Å>¿FI>¸»£¶=½Æh¶Î·¢ÍE>Vr¶=¥>CÁÙ´¶cÆ*½>ºÝ=Å>¿FI>ºK«¶>]
Uľ=b=dÆ *¸»£¶>Et>]Çê(ÌÇ¢b¶=×Ƽɷ£J¶=kɶÆ(Í«É·=
½b¯¶=Cf¾¦ÀºËÆ>jJ¶>E»·j=η¢¹>=¥gÇÈf³EÇE?Á>²
ĺb®Æ¸Qf¶=Á?ϪË?f¶==d¦ÏfÈf»¢Á>²(´¶c¦Æ?½ØiÝ=
-/4
>¤v]Ä¿³¶Æ(´¶cf³E>E?o®>¾b®Æ *ÅÐØEƸQf¶=Æ(½ØiÝ=
ÊE?Ë?fE¸»£¶=Χ¶? ͪØ[=ÇIUÆ *ÄÈ?eð>É¿FJº¸Æ(f³EÇE?Å>¿FI
Ä¢Çv]EÆ(Ë?f·¶¼·j=FIEð>®fªµ>¿ÂÁDª=dÆ*ÄÈ?fE¸»¢Æf³E
(ĶÌÇ¢b¶=×(¯ªÄE¸»£¶=½Æh¶Í«É·=FJ¶¥Çv>ª *Í«É·=Å>¿FI>
´¶d¶Æ *ÄE ¸»£¶=Æ Ä¶ ÌÇ¢b¶=Æ (Ļɷ£I Çê Ë?f¶= FI >º? *Ļɷ£I ×Æ
Ø]η¢Ð=eAοFJIH=hU?aÇQÇEË?ÍÉi>ÉiLØJ³IaÇQÇEX»jÈ
¯ª¸»£¶=ÍÉU>¾Àº½h·I»·j=fÑ>j²>÷²>ÿ³¶Æ(Í«É·=Å>¿FI>º
*¦kɶͫɷ=Å>¿FI>¸»£¶>E
Ä«qÇEð>¿É£ºð>È?ee>J>CÍÉ¢fm>º>³U?οFJÈUÍ«É·=Á?×C
ÁDª(Åb¿¢Àºð>»³UÇÂ¥ëfnàÈ×Æ(Ê¢fma>ÃJQ>Eð>ìF¿Jjºð>É¢fmð>»³U
ÁÙ (ÍÉ¢fn¶= ½>³UÙ>EÆ ¥fn¶>E bɯº Çê =dÆ *ÅbUÆ = Ç ¥ëfn=
ǶÆð>»·jºÄ«qÇEľÙÆ(Í¿j¶=ÆH>J³¶>E¸»£¶=η¢ÁdzIÁ?ÄJ£ÉEfm
½>³UÙ= bU b¿¢ ǮǶ>E ½h·ºÆ (ÄÉÂÇ¾Æ = fº=Æ@E bɯº Í«É·] Á>²
ÊI@ÈÁ?Ķ¸Øª(ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÇE×Æ(>Â=b£JÈÁ?Ķè¸V å Èß×Æ(ÍÉ¢fn¶=
¹Çif¶= ¹Ç® ÁDª *ʺØiÝ= ¥fn¶= ¦ Àº =ðbU=Æ >ð»³U Ç¶Æ ¼³}
å Èß×=dÆ*¼·jºÅ=ÆeaeÇê>¾fº?ÄÉ·¢kɶðØ»¢¸»¢Àº 6XÈfq
è¸V
߬®ÇÈ Æ? (ð>»³U ʧ·àÈ Á? ×Æ (ð>º=fU ¸ç V
å Èà ×Æ (ð×ØU ½ß fë VàÈ Á? ½>ºÞ¶
¼·jº¸²Î·¢½=fUÇÂ>»²(Í«É·=η¢½=fU´¶cÁÙ(¼³}¸»£¶=
ÍU>ECÆ =d² ¼Èf KvJ®= »·j= ÍV·rº ÁC ¹>¯È ×Æ *»·j= Àº
Í«É·= Ð>Q =cDª (Í¿É£º ½>³U@E »·j= ÍV·rº ¢ b® = ÁÙ (=d²
gÇ|×=dÂÆ(>Ã^j¾b®ÁdzÈľDª½>³UÙ=Åd¦ÍV·r=Ï?eÆ
>ÂjÈÁ?ĶK·£Qb®»·j=ÁÆÖmÍÈ>¢eÁC¹>¯È×´¶d¶Æ *>ð¯·ìº
-/5
H>J³¶>E »·j= ÁÆÖm ÍÈ>¢e Ķ ¸£Q = ÁÙ (Åa>ÃJQ>E ÏfÈ >»²
bÃJÇê *>ÂaÆbUa>ÃJQ×=Ķ¸£QÆ(ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ>EË?(Í¿j¶=Æ
ľDª(>ÃEs¾L@ÈÆ(ð>º>¢>Çq@Es¿¶=Ð>Q¶=ÍÉ¢f«¶=¹>»¢Ù=
¸ ت Äɪ = ¼³U Ð>Q >º >º? (¤«¾?Æ X·q? Å=fÈ >º e>ÉJ]= bÃJ
ÁÆaÇÂ>»²Ê¢fn¶=¼³=dÉ«¿JE½h·ºÇ¸E(ľ@mÍ«É·=a>ÃJQ×
ÍF·§EÆ?ð>»JU¸qÇÈÄ¿³¶Æð>U>FºðØ»¢ÏfÈb®¼£¾ *¸ÈbFIÆ?¬ÈfË?
£º H>J² ¹Æ=bI Á? ÏfÈ Á? ¸Nº (ÄfVJE ¥fn¶= Ð>Q ½=fU C À¶=
fº@ɪl>¿¶=E°j«¶=Ên«ICËaÖÈÆ?(¼Ã¿ÈaÀ¢l>¿¶=Í¿JªCËaÖÈ
¥fn¶=Ð>QÏc?C À¶=ÍF·§E¸qÇÈÄ¿³¶Æð>U>FºðØ»¢ÏfÈb®Æ *Ä£¿
ÀºeÆf=¤¿Ág>^=½>º?Í¢>vF¶=¤uÆÁ?ÏfÈÁ?¸Nº(ÄJ¶=gCHÇQÇE
Á?×C*Ä·£«ÈÀº¸²G®>£ÈÆ\>F=¤¿dÒ¿ÉUľDª(Ìe>=ËcÖÈÆ?°Èfì¶=
6Ìb¢>®ÀºÇÂÄìF¿Ji=Ê¢fm¼³Vå¶dÉ«¿IǸE(¹ØV·¶ð>fkɶ=dÂ
Á>² =cC (\>F= a=fª? Àº afª ¸²% 6Ìb¢>®Æ $ͺf ½=f= C Í·ÉiǶ=%
ÄìF¿Ji=Æ?$ð>U>FºfºÙ=¸Æ(af«¶=´¶c½fU(efuCð>ÈaÖºÆ?ð=e>u
¼³UľÙ(´¶c¸£«ÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢G¹>=ÅdÂÊ«ª*Åd«¾ÆÇÂÅ>¿FIÆŦ
=cC ´¶d²Æ (\>F= ¤¿ Æ ½=f= ¤¿º b® ÁdzÈÆ *ÅdÉ«¿I GQÆ Ê¢fm
Ìb£E ÄE ½>¯È Á? À³ ½>³UÙ= Àº ¼³U Æ? (eǺÙ= Àº fº? µ>¿Â Á>²
ÅdÂľDª(>ÃEt>]¸É¶a>kɶÆ(ð>º>¢>÷q?¸É¶aÐ>QÍÉ¢fª¹>»¢?
Àº>ÃJìi=ÇEfºÙ=Æ?(¼³>E½>¯àÈÁ?À³¶=¹>»¢Ù=¤ÉÁdzIͶ>=
À»Éª¼ÃÈ?eÆ?(Í«É·>El>¿¶=Ë?eͪf£ºC¹ÇqǶ=¸Nº´¶cÆ*L>U>F=
*H>^J¾×=ÁǾ>¯EλjÈ>ºÄFnÈÇÂÆ(ÏeÇn¶=k·
¼Ã¿¢ÁÇ·²ÇÈ
>ÿº bU=ÇE fº@È Á? Í«É·^·¶ gÇRɪ L>U>Fº >÷² ÍÉ¢f«¶= ¹>»¢Ù= Ådê
-0,
(ð>U>FºGQÆ?b®¹>=ÅdÂÁdzÈ×Æ(ÄJ¢>{GdÒ¿ÉUÆ(ŦÁÆa
½>ɯ·¶ Í·qÇ= Í·ÉiǶ= οFIÆ (ð>»³U οFI ÁÇ³È ¸E (f]A >ðU>Fº ¤¿ºÆ
Í·qÇ= ¹>»¢Ù= ÀºÆ (¼³= Àº Å>¿FI >»Éª ÄJ¢>{ G dÒ¿ÉUÆ *¼³>E
¤É¸ÉF¯¶==dÂÀºÆ *Ä¢ÇFJº¼³Ud]@ȤE>J¶=Æ(¼³V·¶Í£E>I>þÙ(ÄɶC
Å>¿FI ¼³U ¤E=ÇJE ½=h¶C ľ٠(\>F ½=h¶C >þDª ÍÈe=aÝ= Í»¾Ù=Æ ¾=ǯ¶=
Ð=Çi½>³UÙ=FJ²ÇÂÆÄ£¿ºË?(Å=Çi>ºµfIÊv¯ÈÄE½=h¶Ý=Æ(Í«É·=
(ð>U>FºGQÆ?b®ÁdzÈ×Æ(ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=À¢ÄɪTf×Æ(Ð=ÇjE
¸qÇÈ>ºÆ(½>³UÙ=FIÀº¥fn¶=Ķķ£Q>º¸£ª¸E(f]Að>U>Fº½fUÆ
>ºÆ?(½=f=C¸qÇÈ>ºà¤¿ßº6ÍMØN¶=¹=ÇUÙ=ÅdÂÊ«ª *>ÃE½>ɯ¶=C
ÁÇ³È × Ìab£Jº Gɶ>i? Àº £º HÇ·i@E ½à =h¶Ý=Æ (ÏcÙ= C ¸qÇÈ
¸³¶Æ(FJ¶=ÄJÉUØqÀ¢×Æ(ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=À¢Tf]b®Í«É·=
§ÈÁ?Í«É·^·¶hÉ©ÇjºË?µ>¿ÂÁdzÈ×ÄÉ·¢Æ *Ê¢fn¶=ķɶa>ÿº
ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=¤É»|bɯJÈÁ?G¸E(ÍV·r=ÍR}Ê¢fm¼³UË?
*ÐÊm¸²ð>º>Ið=bɯI
ÁÆÖn¶ÍÈ>¢e>㿺ÆL>U>Fº½çfUß b®¹Çif¶=Á?Àº¹>¯È>º>º?Æ
ÁÆÖn¶ÍÈ>¢e´¶c¸£«ÈÁ?½>ºÞ¶Á?g=ÇQη¢ÄɪÍRUت»·j=
\>E? Æ? (ð>U>Fº >ð»³U ½çfUß =cDª (¥ëfnຠ¹Çif¶= ÁÙ ´¶cÆ *»·j=
Ë? (Í¿j¶=Æ H>J³¶>E t>] _j¿¶=Æ (Ä^j¾ b® ÁÇ³È Ä¾Dª (ð>ºf >ð»³U
Ð>Ém? Àº Ä£¿º >º?Æ *>ð¯·ìº ´¶c ¹Çif¶= §¶ kÉ¶Æ (OÈb=Æ ÁAf¯¶>E
ðØqǺÆ?(=ĺçfUß b®ÏcÙðØqǺ>ºCÁdzÈľDª\>FºÐÊmÀºÍ¿É£º
ت(ÁÆÖn¶=ÍÈ>¢e¸ÉF®ÀºkɶÆ(>¿¶¤ÈfnI=dÂÆ(=ĺçfUß ½çfVàºC
(ÁÆÖn¶=ÍÈ>¢eÍR}½>³UÙ=ɧIÍÉUØq½>ºÝ=Ð>ì¢Cη¢ðØɶad^JÈ
-0-
´¶c FJÈ U ¹Çif¶= ¹>»¢? x£E z=f£Ji= ÀºÆ *ÍV·r= ÍR} Æ?
6´¶cÀ»ª(\ÇuÇE
>h¾fR>EfºU U =¹ÇieÁ?µÇFIÌÆh¦ËÆe) -
Àº=ÇEfnI× 6 U =¹Çie¹>®=ÇU=e>»·ª(>ÂfÒEÀºl>¿¶=ίJi=Æ
ÅÇ«·¢>ª ÅÇ»J¿R¢ R¢ Àº Á>² >ºÆ (ÌØr·¶ Ä¿º =Æ@uÇJI ×Æ ð>ÒÉm >ÃÑ>º
ĶGU>qÄ£ºÆ×CÍ·É·¶=¼³¿ºbU?çÀßQàf×Æ(ð>ÒÉmÄ¿º=Ç·²@I×ƸEÝ=
À¢ Îþ U ¹Çif¶= Á? Ä¿º fÃÈ ¹>N= =dê Äe>I ʾ=ì¶= Å=Æe
kɶ ÍMa>= ¤®=Æ Á? ¤º (ð>U>Fº ½çfUß b® Ádzɪ (\>Fº ÐÊm ¹>»£Ji=
À¢×(\>FºÐÊmÀº£ºÐÊmÀ¢Îþ¹Çif¶=Á?>ã®=ƸE(´¶d²
efuCð>»JU¸qÇÈ£=ÐÊn¶==dÂÆ *\>FºÐÊmÀ¢×Æ(\>Fº¼³U
f¢ b® fÒF¶= Åd Àº Ð>= Hfm ÁDª *Äɪ ¤¯È Á? ¼ÈfVJE s¿¶= aeÆ
(\>Fº¼Èfkɶ¹Çif¶=Ä·£ª>ºÁdzɪ*°¯efuC¸qÇÈľ?¹Çif¶=
*oÉ=ÏcÙ=¥Ç®ÆÇÂÆ(¥fn¶=ĺçfUß efuCËaÖÈ>º¼Èf¸E
Àº£º¸£ªÀ¢ÊþÇÂÄFU>qÄ£ºÆ×CbU?TÆf]À¢ÄÉþ´¶d²Æ
¸É¶b¶=Æ *¥fn¶=ĺçfUß efuCð>»JU¸qÇÈ£=¸£«¶==dÂÆ(\>Fº¸£ª
Àº·Qe×CÄE¼Âfº?>º=Ç·£ª¹Çif¶=¼Âfº?ÀÈd¶=l>¿¶=Á?´¶cη¢
>º@ª *Ķ £E G·{ f]Û= Tf]Æ (ÄJQ> >»ÂbU? Tf] Ìb¢>i E
Å£EG·{GÂcËd¶=>º?Æ *ÄFÂdºÎ·¢°¿]ľDªÄJQ>GÂcËd¶=
? 6¹>¯ª=¹Çie´¶dE]@ª *ÐÊ{¸F|ÄJUf{ÎJUXÈf¶=ÄJ·»JU>ª
GÉq?Ëd·¶=¹Çie>¢a¼MÄFU>qÄ£ºÆ×CbU?¼³¿ºTfÁ?¼³Ã¾?
¹Çif¶ÄIbÂ?ð>ÒÉ{ÁDªÐÊ{¸F|¤®ÆËd¶=f]Û=>º?Æ(Ê«nªÄFÂdºÎ·¢
U = ¹Çie fç ºß > ľ? >ðvÈ? ´¶c η¢ ¸É¶b¶=Æ *Í¿Èb= ½b® U =
-0.
LÇÉE=Ç·]bI× 6¹>®¼MÄJ·U=eOVJi=ÆÄÃQÆη¢ÄEÇMÎRifR>E
*¼ÃE>q?>º¸Nº¼³FÉrÈÁ?ð>ªÇ]ÁDz>E¼J¾?Æ×C=Ç»·ÀÈd¶=
(\>Fº¸£ªÀº£º¸£ª¼ÈfE±f«¶= UØÈÁ?G>¿ÂÆ
¼ÈfEÆ(\>FºÐÊmÀº£ºÐÊm¼ÈfÆ?(\>F=¸£«¶=¼ÈfEÆ
ÊI@ɪ(¥fn¶=ÄU>E?b®¸£«¶=ÁdzÈÁ?ÇÂ\>Fº¸£ª¼ÈfVJª*\>F=ÐÊn¶=
b®Te>=ÀºÍ¢>vF¶=a=Ji>²(Ä¿ºÏcÙ=aÇQÆÍR}ĺfVɪ¼²>=
¤¾>r»·¶ ÏcÙ= GFjI a=Ji×= ÍU>EC Á? ¼²>= Ϫ ¥fn¶= ÄU>E?
ÁÙ (ð>¯·ìº ¼²>V·¶ gÇ × ÇÂÆ (\>Fº ¸£«¶ ¼Èf =d ÁDª (ĺfVɪ
تÍU>EÝ=¼³UĶ¸£Qb®Æ(e>uÆ?¤ª>¾Ä¾?¼·£ÈÄU>E?U¥fn¶=
>º?*±Ø{Ý=η¢¸{>EÇÂÆ(¥fn¶=¼³ð>^j¾ÁdzÈľÙ(ÄfXrÈ
?f{b®\>F==dÂeǺ?Àºfº?ÁdzÈÁ?Çê\>Fº¸£ªÀº£º¸£ª¼Èf
=d¼Èf¼²>=Ϫ(ÄfVJE¥fn¶=aeÆb®efuC¸qÆ?ľ?ÄÉ·¢
CÏa?ðØNºf³j¶=a=Ji=Á?¼²>=ÏfÈÁ@²´¶cÆ*efv¶=¤ªf¶fºÙ=
a=Ji=e>«³·¶ÍQ>J>÷£QÆ(>ÃiتCÆaØF¶=f³j¶=¤¾>rº¹>«®C
¥Ç»
À¢ÏcÚ¶ð>£ªaf³j¶=a=Ji=¤¿Á?¼²>V·¶gÇdÒ¿ÉVª(f³j¶=
Ê«ª *>ŪÇI½b¢Æ(>ÃI=eÆfuÀºÇÂ>»Éªe>«³·¶>Âe>¯Jª=ÇÂÆ(ͺîÙ=
\>F=¸E(\>Fð>fÁdzÈ×Æ(\>F=fºÙ==d¤¿Á?gǹ>=ÅdÂ
a=Ji=ÇÂÆ(\>FºfºÙ¼ÈfÄ¿³¶Æ(a=Ji×=ÇÂÆÇÂ>»² >ðU>Fº¸
ÄɪÁ?f¢£ºfÒEÀºÐ>=Hfn¶¹Çif¶=¼Èf¸Nº´¶cÆ(f³j¶=
Àºð>¿É£ºð=fº?½çfUß >CÆ(Ð>=½ëfVàÈË?(ð>U>Fº½ëfVàÈÄfVJª(ð=efu
¸£ª Àº £º ¸£ª ¼Èf g>Q ´¶d¶Æ *fÒF¶= Åd Àº Hfn¶= ÇÂÆ \>F=
*>ð¯·ìºgÇت\>Fº¸£ª¼Èf>º?(\>Fº
-0/
Ä·F®¸qÆÀº¤¿ºµÇFIÀº¤Qe> U¹Çif¶=Á?ËÆe ) .
¯ª>¿= Àº Í¢> °Fjª (ľ>ÉIC ¸F® Ä¿º HfnÈ Á? °Èfì¶= Ð>º C
bÆ(=ǯFiÀÈd¶=ÄEfmb®Ð>=bQÆƹÇif¶=Ð>Q>»·ª(Ä¿º=ÇEfnª
ÐÊmÀº£ºÐÊmÀºã¤¿ßºð>vÈ?=dê *Ä¿º=ÇEfmÆ=ǯFiÀÈd¶=À£¶Ð>º
À¢Ð>=Àº¼j¯Ee>NÒJi×=ÇÂÆ(efuCËaÖÈÐÊn¶==dÂÀ³¶Æ(\>Fº
ÐÊn¶ð>fÁdzÈ×´¶d¶Æ(Ð=fVr¶=ÄɶCÍQ>=Ìbm¤ºaÇ¿=Ê®>E
*ÁÆÖn¶=ÍÈ>¢eÍR}\>Fº
Á>²6¹>®ÄÉE?À¢bÈfn¶=ÀEÆf»¢°Èf{À¢¼·jºÏÆe)/
(¤Qe>ª µ>¿£È>E b® >ä¾C 6 U ¿¶= ÄɶC ¸ie@ª ½Æd
¸Qe ¬É¯M bªÆ
¸qÇȸ£«¶¼ÈfÇÂ>CÆ(\>Fð>fkɶ=dê*l>¿¶=Íì¶>ÀºÄ£¿ºÆ
biÙ=Àºµe=f媽Æd=Àºçfåª 6f]AOÈbUaeÆ=dÆ *ÏcÙ=C
*ÌfÈfÂÊE?°Èf{Àºb?Å=Æe
OÈbU Àº Á@n¶= =d ÄE SJ >º ¤FJI Àº fÃÈ =d³ÂÆ
Àº£ºÐÊm¼ÈfÊ >CÆ(\>FºÐÊm¼Èf >Ãɪkɶľ?(¹Çif¶=
=dÆ *ÄfVJE¥fn¶=aeÆefuCËaÖÈ£=ÐÊn¶==dÂÆ(\>FºÐÊm
(ÍU>F=Ð>ÉmÙ=ÀºÍ¿É£ºÐ>Ém?¤¿Á?½>ºÞ¶Á?η¢ðØɶaÆð>£ÈfnIÁ>²
¥fn¶= aeÆb®efuCËaÖIK¾>²=cCÍU>F=¹>£ªÙ=ÀºÍ¿É£ºð×>£ª?Æ
>ãFJIÀºfÃÈ>÷²>þDªPa=ÇUÀºÍE>Vr¶=À¢ÏÆfÈ>º>º?Æ *Ä£¿
(Ä£¿ ¥fn¶= aeÆ efu C ËaÖÈ Æ? (½=fU C ËaÖÈ \>F ¼Èf >þ?
¥fn¶=ÄEfߺ?fº@EÆ?(Ê¢fm¼³}½>ɯ·¶\>Fº¸£«E½=h¶CÇÂ>º>ÿºÆ
ÀÈÆbJ² ´¶cƽ>ºÞ¶hÑ>QÇÂÆ(Gɶ>iÙ=FJ¶=¸ÉF®ÀºÅ¦¤¿ºÆ
¬U>r=¤É±fUÆbU=ƬVr½=h¶Ý>²Æ(f»¢¸F®ÀºÀÈÆ=Æb¶=
-00
>OÈb=Àº=Ç·¯ÈÁ?ÍE>Vr¶=f»¢½=h¶C¸ÉF¯¶==dÂÀºÆ*Á>»N¢¸ßF®åÀº
aØF¶=CÍ¿Èb=ÀºTÆf=ÀºÍE>Vr¶=e>F²Ä£¿ºÆ(ÁAf¯¶=À¢ÄE=Ç·§Jm=
>º ´¶d²Æ *>ɾb¶==Ç¿ßJ«àÈ×ÎJUÆ(¼ÃEl>¿¶=J«È× ÎJUÍUÇJ«=
ÄJÃFQη¢ÍE>r¢¤vÈÁ@EÁ>çR£¶=½=h¶CÀºÐ>«·=ƽ>³=ÆÌ×Ƕ=Ä·£ª
¹h[¿ÈØҶī¾?η¢p>»®Í£ì®¤vÈÁ?Æ(R£¶=Ä®f¢¹h[¿È×ÎJU
ÐÊmÄ¿º¯jÈ×ÎJUÄìECf£m°·Uη¢Åe>FQCÆ(R£¶=ÐÊmÄ¿º
6Ìb¢>¯¶=K¸]=aÄ·²Ä¾DªÄ¯«¶=GJ²aeÆ>´¶c¦Æ(R£¶=
°¯=efv¶=CËaÖÈ£ºÐÊm¸²%6Ìb¢>¯¶=Æ$ͺf½=f=CÍ·ÉiǶ=%
½f Á? Ķ gÇ Í«É·= Á? η¢ ¹bÈ > ÐÊm >Ãɪ kÉ¶Æ ($½=fU Çê
=dÂη¢Æ *ÁÆÖn¶=ÍÈ>¢eÍR}Æ?(ÍV·r=ÍR}ð>º=fUXÉFÈÆ?(ð>U>Fº
¦ (ð>¯·ìº Á>ì·j¶= fº? >þDz OÉU Àº ¿QÙ= ½Çë>E ¾=ǯ¶= ÁDª
=dÃE ½=h¶Ý=Æ Ê¢fm ¼³U FI Í«É·^·¶ =ðfº? À³I >º Í¢>ì¶= ÍFQ=Æ
Í«É·^·¶Á?×C *ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=ÀºÍ«É·=Å>¿FI>ºÊ¾=ǯ¶>ª *¼³=
eǺÙ=Æ ¹>»¢Ù= Æ? (ÍÉ¢fn¶= ½>³UÙ>E ½>ɯ·¶ b¢=Ç® Àº Å=fÈ > fº@È Á?
ð>É¿FIJ£È=dÂÆ*ÍÈe=aÝ=Í»¾Ù=ÆÍÈe=aÝ=¾=ǯ¶>²´¶cÆ(ð>¢fmÍEÇ·ì=
(Í¢>ì¶= ÍFQ=Æ ¾=ǯ¶= Åd ÁdzIÆ (½>³UÙ= FJ¶ ¤E>I ÇÂÆ Gɶ>iÙ>E
ÜSÄ<W%XÄWÛÏ°SM{iU
Wc@6>£IĶǮK¸]bI>þÙÆ(Í«É·=>Â>¿FIb®>þÙ
LÐ>Q Í¢>ì¶= ÁÙ > Ô2Å=°% ®p×')] r®
TÊ XT W$SÀym SÄÈk°»U XT SÄÈk°»U
*Ä£¿¥fn¶=afÈÐÊm¸²¸»nJªÍº>¢
-01
a>[Ã=
;Æ>£º Æ? (Ìfm>Fº = ¸ÉFi ¹>J¯¶= ¤iǶ= ¹dE Ç a>Ã=
Ç = Í»·² ÐØ¢Ý ¹>J¯¶>ª (´¶c ¦ Æ? a=Çi N³I Æ? Ë?e Æ? ¹>
Ìfm>Fº °·£JÈ >ðÈ?e Á>² ÁC Çê = ¸ÉFi Ë?f¶>E a>Ã= >º? *a>Ã=
kÉ·ª Ìfm>Fº ´¶dE °·£JÈ × Á>² ÁCÆ (a>ÃQ Çê = ¸ÉFi ¹>J¯¶>E
Í»·²ÐØ¢ÝbÑ=ǪÄÉ·¢KFIfIǶÆ(L>¯nºÄɪK¾>²Ç¶Æ(ð>¢fmð=a>ÃQ
Ìfm>Fº °·£JÈ >º ¸² Äɪ ¸]bÈÆ (¹>J¯¶>E t>] >ð¢fm a>Ã= ÁÙ *=
(¹>J¯¶>E Ìfm>Fº ͯ·£Jº K¾>² ÁC ÍE>ì=Æ ÍE>J³¶= Ë?f¶= ¸NºÆ *¹>J¯¶>E
Ð=b¢Ù=¹>J¯¶ÊvÈf¹>¯ºÆ?(¹>J¯¶=fm>FɶÄjÉ»VJ¶oÉ=ÍFì^²
×Æ(ð=a>ÃQÊi>Éj¶=\>«³¶=η¢°·ìÈت´¶cη¢Æ*ت×CÆa>ÃQÇê
ÅbÑ=ǪÆ(ð=F²ÄE=ÇMÁ>²ÁCÆ(=ða>ÃQ>¶=»·j=½>³=Í¢e>¯ºÎ·¢
ο£>E Ê >CÆ (ÌbÑ>«¶>E ×Æ Í¯n>E Kjɶ Ͷ@j>ª *ͻɢ »·j»·¶
>º¸²Æ(¹>J¯¶=ÇÂÊ¢fn¶=ο£=Æ*Í»·³¶=ÅdÂÄɪLaeÆËd¶=Ê¢fn¶=
*´¶c¦ÆÌbɳºÆÍE>J²ÆÍE>ì]ÆË?eÀºÄE°·£JÈ
*¼Ã¿¢¬³¾ÍÈh=¹ÇF®b¿¢>¿²ÁCÆ(ÍÈh=kɶa>Ã=GFiÆ
*ÌÇ¢b¶=¹ÇF®À¢=Ç£¿Jº=ð=e>«²¼Ã·I>¯¾ÀÈd¶=ÁDzÇÂa>Ã=GFi>CÆ
YXT ®m\)[ °4×SXkÙ¯ YXT ¯ |ESÄ=°%ØUÄc Y |ÚÏ° SÉ °*V @ 6>£I ¹>®
SÉ"TÊ |ÚÏ°]C°%©F\UÙWÛÏ°j|ESÄ<c°iWcYXTÄ ÉSÀyXqXTW3m[OW%WDSÄ%®JmXVÅf
¼>J¯EfºÙ>ª > |ETÄmªÓ_ ×1ÉFXT iWc CWà VRWcØs¦HÙ SżØÈÄc ³/[O _ W)¦Ù
*= *** f]Û=½Çɶ>E×Æ>EÁÇ¿ºÖÈ׼þټÂÇ·I>®Ë?(f«³¶=¬qǶ
¹>J¯¶=GFiÁdzɪ(ð>FFiXFrÈdÒ¿ÉUÆ(¹>J¯·¶ð=bÉ®¬qǶ==dÂÁdzɪ
-02
SÉ °*V SÄ=W%XÄ |ÚÏ° SM{iU
Wc @ 6Ïf]? ÍÈA Ð>Q b®Æ *f«³¶= ÇÂ
¼>J¯Efº@ª > <RVÀÚ °Ñ ×1Åj°Ù TÀi¦HXkÙXT ®q
ÝÁÙ |¦°K% 1ÅW5SÉ Wc |ÚÏ°
(> ¨CV¼Ùk
XÄXk°ØTU ÜSÉ °*VVÙ@6¸NºÌN²L>ÈA´¶c¸NºÆ*f«³¶=¬qǶ
fº?>÷² > <RÙ[ |Úܦ¯nÕÀ-Ù SÉ °*VXT @(> ®mÙÝÁÙ VR-®U ÜSÉ °*VVÙ @
b¯ª ÍÈh= Ð>ì¢C >º? *f«³¶= ÇÂÆ ¹>J¯¶= GFi Ç £º ¬qǶ ¹>J¯¶>E
Á>²>¿ÂÀºÆ(¹>J¯¶=GFi×(¹>J¯¶=¬®ÆGFie>§r¶=¤ºÁAf¯¶=Ä·£Q
=cCÆ(»·jº=Æe>qÌÇ¢b¶=¼Ã·I>¯¾ÀÈd¶=¸F®=cDª*f«³¶=ÇÂa>Ã=GFi
½ØiÝ>E=Ç»í³VàÈÁ?Æ(ÍÈh==Ç£ªbÈÁ?=Ç·F®Æ(½ØiÝ=±>¿J¢=À¢=Ç£¿Jº=
±>¿J¢= η¢ =ÇÂf³àÈ Á? gÇ × Ä¾Ù (¼>J® À¢ ¤¿JÆ (¼Ã¿º ´¶c ¸F¯È
ǶÆÌÇ¢b·¶=Ç£v]b¯ªÍÈh=¤ªaÆ(ÄE¼³==Ç·F®=Ǻ=a>ºÆ*½ØiÝ=
¤ªaÆ ÄE ¼³V·¶ ¹ÇF¯¶= =d b£E ¼>J® gÇ × ´¶d¶Æ *½ØiÝ= =ǯ¿J£È
gÇ Øª ½ØiÝ>E =Ç»í³VàÈ Á? À¢ =Ç£¿Jº=Æ (ÍÈh= =Ç·F® =cC >º? *ÍÈh=
=Ç£¿Jº=ð=e>«²¼Ã¾Ç²ÇÂƹ>J¯¶=GFiÁÙ(¼Ã¿º´¶c¸F¯ÈÁ?Í«É·^·¶
À¢ÄJÉufª¯jIð>ufª¹=hÈ×¼>J¯ª(ð>»Ñ>®¹=hÈ×ÌÇ¢b¶=¹ÇF®À¢
½b£¶ ÍÈh= Í«É·= >Ãɪ ¸F¯È ¶= ÍÈe=fìu×= L=bÂ>£= >º? *»·[j=
½>¿E ¼Ãj«¾? ÁÇ»³ ¼Ã²fIÆ (Ķ ÍÉ·]=b¶=Æ ÍÉQe>= ¥>uÆÙ= Ì>I=Ǻ
(ÌeÆf[v¶=L×>U>ÃE¥f[n¶=s[]eÍÈe=f[ìu=Ͷ>U´·Jª(f«[³¶=
¼Ã·I>¯¾ ÀÈd¶= ÁDz Ç a>[Ã= GF[i ÁDª =d η¢Æ *>ÃÉ·¢ l>¯È ت
Á?η¢*a>ÃR·¶f]AGFiË?µ>¿ÂkɶÆ(ÌÇ¢b¶=¹ÇF®À¢=Ç£¿Jº=ð=e>«²
ʲfnº ¦ ¤º ÁÇ³È >C ¹>J¯¶= ¬®Ç¶ >ðFFi e>§r¶= ¤º ÍÈh= ÁDz
6>£IĶǯ¶(¸J¯¶=Æ?½ØiÝ=×C¼Ã¿º¸F¯ÈتHf£¶=Dzfnº>º?(Hf£¶=
*> WDSÀ-° ÔÈdØTU ×1ÆMW;SÉ °*VÉ"@
-03
³/[O ×1ÉFSÉ °*VXT @6>£I¹>®OÈb=ÆÁAf¯¶=s¿Ezfªa>Ã=Æ
|ÚÏ° SÉ °*V @6¹>®Æ > Ä xÁ ÀCc°G WDSÁWcXT ¸RX=Ø*°Ù |ESÅV" Y
Ä ÉSÀyXqXT W3m[O W% WDSÄ%®JmXVÅf YXT ®m\)[ °4×SXkÙ¯ YXT ¯ |ESÄ=°%ØUÄc Y
SżØÈÄc ³/[O _ W)¦Ù SÉ"TÊ |ÚÏ° ]C°% ©F\UÙ WÛÏ°j |ESÄ<c°iWc YXT
>Ä$W)ªÙÄ1ÁÙkQ WÆ_ °*Å@6>£I¹>®Æ>|ETÄmªÓ_×1ÉFXTiWcCWÃVRWcØs¦HÙ
|ÚÏ° SM{iU
Wc @6¹>®Æ > 8-j°U [kWà ×1ÁתLk\ÈÄc TÄm°Ý=V" Y¯ @6¹>®Æ
*> <RVÀÚ °Ñ×1Åj°ÙTÀi¦HXkÙXT®q
ÝÁÙ|¦°K%1ÅW5SÉ Wc|ÚÏ°SÉ °*VSÄ=W%XÄ
¼³ÈbÈ?Ƽ³¶=Ǻ@E²fn==ÆbÂ>Q 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®k¾?À¢Æ
ÌÆb§¶ 6¹>® U ¿¶= Á? >ðvÈ? k¾? À¢Æ *ÊÑ>j¿¶= Å=Æe ¼³J¿j¶?Æ
¹>®ð>vÈ?ÏÆeÆ*Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe>Ãɪ>ºÆ>ɾb¶=Àº]ÍUÆeÆ?(=¸ÉFi
b?½>ºÝ=ÏÆeÆ*=ò×CĶC×=ǶǯÈÎJUl>¿¶=¸I>®?Á?Lfº? 6 U
N£Ed¿ºôz>ºa>Ã=Æ*** 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®k¾?À¢aÆ=aÇE?Æ
*¹a>¢¹b¢×Æ(fÑ>QeÇQÄ·ìFÈ×(¹>Qb¶=º?f]A¸I>¯ÈÁ?C=
=¸ÉFið>Èg>¦hÃQÀº 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®b¶>]ÀEbÈgÀ¢Æ
ÀEÐ>ì¢À¢Æ *aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æe =h¦ b¯ª ~Ä·Â? Ä«·] ÀºÆ =h¦ b¯ª
¹Çie>ȸɮ 6¹>®ÄMbUÄ¿¢=ÊueËeb=bÉ£i>E?Á?ÊNÉ·¶=bÈhÈ
Äj«¿E=¸ÉFibÂ>ÀºÖº 6 U =¹Çie¹>¯ª¸vª?l>¿¶=Ë?=
(Äj«¾ÄEPbÆ(àh[á[§[ßÈÆL>ºÀº 6 U¹>®Æ*Ëe>^F¶=Å=ÆeĶ>ºÆ
=¹ÇieÁ?ΪÆ?ÊE?ÀE=À¢Æ *¼·jºÅ=Æe ±>«¾ÀºÍF£mη¢L>º
ÊE?À¢Æ*Ëe>^F¶=Å=ÆeÇÉj¶=¹ØKÍ¿=Á?=Ç»·¢=Æ 6¹>®U
Ð>ºÀºîÍ¿ßáÉÉßà¢ÄɪG£nE U =¹ÇieH>Vq?Àº¸Qefº 6¹>®ÌfÈfÂ
À¶Æ (G£n¶= =d K»®@ª l>¿¶= K¶hJ¢= Ƕ 6¹>¯ª >ÃFÉì¶ ÄJFR¢@ª ÍEd¢
-04
ÁDª¸£«I×6¹>¯ª=¹Çif¶´¶cf²dª U=¹ÇieÁc@Ji=ÎJU¸£ª?
Å=Æe ð>º>¢ £Fi ÄJÉE ÄIØq Àº ¸vª? = ¸ÉFi ¼²bU? ½>¯º
*Ëdº¶=
áÀºß η¢Æb£¶=¼RÂÁC¢zfªÆ(Ð=bJE=ÍÈ>«²zfªa>Ã=Æ
(Æb£¶=aßfìàÈÎJUzf«¶=¯jÈ×Æ *¼Â¦Î·¢ÍÈ>«²zfªÆ(¼Ã>Â
ÇÂÐ=bJE=ÍÈ>«²zfªa>Ã=ÁDzο£ºÆ*ÄjQeÀº½ØiÝ=ze?fÃìIÆ
Àº bU? Ð=bJE= ¹>J¯¶>E ¼¯È Á=Æ (>¾?bFÈ ÁCÆ Æb£¶= ¹>J¯E ?bF¾ Á?
frº¸Â?ÄE½>®=cCÐ=bJE=¹>J¯¶=Æ *IJE¤É»=¼M?>ºÀºg»·j=
e>«³·¶ »·j= Àº ¹>J® Ø ð £ª bQÆ b® cC (>ÉjɾÆb¾= ¸Â? À¢ ¯i
Æe>«³¶=Æ»·j=E¹>J¯¶=Gn¾=cC>º?*a>Ã=zfª¸rVªEe>=
ÄJÉufª¯jIت(¼ÂbUÆfrº¸Â?¸F®Àºe>«³¶=¹>J¯EÍÈ>«³¶=¸r
Hf®Ù=η¢zf«È¸E(±=f£¶=Æfrº¸Â?½>ɯE>ÉjɾÆb¾?Æb¿=¸Â?À¢
»·j=¸³E×CÍÈ>«³¶=¤¯IÇ·ª(ÍÈ>«³¶=¤¯IÁ?CÆb£¶=ÀºHf®Ù>ª
a>Ã=ÁDz¸Æ *Æb£¶=fïÈÎJU»·j=¸²Î·¢ð>ufªa>Ã=e>q
XFq?a>Ã=ÁDªÍ«É·=Åf«¿Ji=Àº>º?(Í«É·=Åf«¿JjÈ=cCÍÈ>«²zfª
ÃÅV #j° Vl¯ ×ÅV W% SÄ=W%XÄ |ÚÏ° \IvcU
Wc @6>£I=¹Ç¯¶ÄÉ·¢ð>ufª
f«¿Ji==cCÆ 6 UĶǯ¶Æ > ¨º×q)] rQ¯ Ô2È)Ú V2 ©#k¯\y r¯Û TÄm°Ý5
Á?ÇÂÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=a>Ã>EÍÈ>«³¶=ο£ºÆ *Á>^Én¶=Å=Æe =Æf«¾>ª
ÀºÀÈÆ=Æa¼ð=b¿Q=ǾdzÈÁ?>ºC(¼>J®ÁÇ«³È½Ç®a>ÃR·¶xÿÈ
¼Ãj«¾?=Æb¢? b®=ǾdzÈÆ?(f»¢½>È? ¹>=K¾>² >»²(´¶c¸Q?
Á>² Ð=Çi ÁǾdzÈÆ *f³E ÊE? ½>È? ¹>= K¾>² >»² (ð>¢I a>ÃR·¶
¼ÃEÍ£¿=K·rU Æb£¶=¼Âbr®=cCOÉ} >ð£É¼Â Æ?Ð×ÖÂÆ? Ð×ÖÂ
-05
!"
()*'+ $,' -,/0 - 1,)+ %2 34 5'$ .#$ %&'
.6789 :; <$- =>% ?4 ,+ < + @8-A
< + 4789 B,' =C/>
?4 >* - DEFE' G <$
,*
.>H +-
!2
+-
6789 :; A' B% ?4 ,+
» :(H =+- ? B,IJ+ ?+ E8 ? F4 K$A
!"# $%
&
- .
"/' - 01 2 34 :' ( $% )*"+,
?8# @>
-$8> "/ 7 -"56 7 -89/ 7 -;"9< /= 7 34
01'H ?
FMH .(C ) A BCD E 2F#GH ) I,
O 2FN
01'H ? PH QCR E 2F#G ( .2FN# O 2FN
2S 2TU -F, G E 2TG
V> E 2F#G ( -2FN#
PH .F, !"#
2F"# F*">
2F"H W>
"H
2XY 2F"# Z[ )*"+, \#M ]X 2S 2TUMH FN
>V
7 ^_` ^_.> *N9> 2a X 7 -)N
b, !"# Z[ Zc>
2FN
01'H ? 2T PH -3d 2F"+H 2T PH -)*"+, e
8T[
:(H M/ ?+ ?$ .«2F"/' 2F"# H 2T PH .2FN# O
?+ B$
?$ ,N- O$A .«2T#G 7 f' $
' 0/'
»
G
0/' 7 : @"H gN> @/» :(H PF4
M -8N#
@ *"H -h
2a' i
MH -2FN
01' j _
'
-/MH hGH ZD 0MH :' -m 8' h UMH -_.k9> 0H
l#
«... N
01'H 2FN
2" *H Q> n< G :H -V
.] T
.Q#4)' O$A
! "#
$%$ . ãΑ$tFÉ)ø9$# ãΝà6ø‹n=tæ |=ÏGä. :
& '( )*+* "! ,-/ 01
$2
3
& 6
7 89! ;<=
> "! )*+* 0$5 )? =( @ .45
"#
A@ B$1$
( 0C D
#
EF2( 4 GF+ -6 D
H
I1
3 > '
% 01 $ J? "! '
K8%
M- ?
N(
( $ OP 4 Q
* 86 6
'I 9L#
B> :B> R
/ S( 46 K-2C
$( Q T U
% V( W IX 0(
.«
» : Y
B$2T
3 K$Z B[F 0( \> 1 3 )*+U
"! ]6 G^
6 *_ ` a )*+U
4
+
b$
c<F ( +"- D
#
©!$# (#ρãÝÇΖs? βÎ) (#ûθãΖtΒ#u™ š⎥⎪Ï%©!$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ :A<d $ d
e= 3 A<d Y
4 0$"5 9F
h
( 3 f% Gd
8 g8F 0( XF- . öΝä.öÝÇΖtƒ
6k 4 T$X`
4
Xl N( H 0( "m j$^ .T"5
4 Mi
j
Wk 0$5d 0( 4 <
B8 "1 -n M )*+U
4
46 W 1 M 0( G^ .*i
92o
f =$p T$X`
7 N( ( q-! ( 0$e? 4 <
QP( )*+U
9 46 )*+U
*r s
R$
t
$=( 4 t$= 1 4 t82
u< 0( G^
.M/1 T"5
4 92o
9F
92o
f
22 3 <"
f
R> +"= "#
A$8 0( G^
0x -6 Fi= <w y@
5+6 Rv!
i> 6 Ww )? dT
@
Á>² b¯ª *Ķ Ê·£«¶= bÑ>¯¶= Ç ¸E (oÉR·¶ η¢Ù= bÑ>¯¶= kɶ Í«É·=
¼Ã·ifÈ>È=fj¶=¸ifÈÁ>²UÆ(Äj«¿EoÉ=Ìa>É®ÇJÈ U¹Çif¶=
le>ªÅa=ǯ¶ÍÉ·Ér«J¶=L>»É·£J¶=¸ifÈf»¢Á>²Æ*oÉ=bÑ>®Åe>FJ¢>E
η¢zfªÄJ¢>{Æ*Ê·£«¶=oÉ=bÑ>®ÇÂÍ«É·=Á?η¢¹bÈ>(½>n¶=Æ
η¢zfªÇÂ>»²(ð=bÑ>®½?ð>Èb¿QÁ>²?Ð=ÇioÉ=a=fª?Àºafª¸²
U¿¶=Á?ÌfÈfÂÊE?°Èf{Àº¼·jºÏÆeb¯ª(ÍÉ¢f¶=a=fª?Àºafª¸²
ºÙ=¤ìÈÀºÆ(=>r¢b¯ªr£ÈÀºÆ(=¥>{?b¯ª¢>{?Àº 6¹>®
ÊE?°Èf{ Àº¼·jº ÏÆeÆ *ʾ>r¢ b¯ª ºÙ= ós£È ÀºÆ (¢>{? b¯ª
ÄE ίJàÈÆ ÄåÑ=eÆ Àº ¸ßI>¯àÈ Í¿àQ ½>ºÝ= >C 6 U ¿¶= ¹Ç® >ðvÈ? ÌfÈfÂ
Á?×C*»·j=Ïc?ÀºÆb£¶=¤¿Ä¾Ù(ÌiË?Í¿Q½>ºÝ=ÁDzο£ºÆ
ÁDª(l>¿¶=Ä£ÉìJjÈ>»Éª×CÄɪaafI×ð>ºg>Qð=fº?fº@È×Á?Í«É·=η¢
¸» × ´¶d²Æ *=ðabnº =ðfº? ÄE ¼Âfº@È × Ä¾Ç£ÉìJjÈ × ¼Ã¾? f¢
*¼ÃEeb§¶=Ä¿ºÎn>¼Âfº@È×Æ(ͳ·ÃºÎ·¢»·j=
×Æa>Ã=f]ÖÈÍ«É·=½b¢=cDª(Í«É·]´¶>¿ÂÁ>²=cC=dÂ
ð>nÉQ Í«É·= O£E =cCÆ *Åf]@JE LÇ«I ÄJV·rº ÁÙ (ÅÇQǶ= Àº ÄQÇE
¸£ª >»² (¼ÂbU? =ÆfºÖÈ Á? oÉR··ª L>º Æ? ¸J¯ª =ðº? ¼ÃÉ·¢ fçº?Æ
oÉR·¶Á>²=cCÆ*´¶cη¢¹Çif¶=¼Âf®?Æ(ÍIÖºoÉQ¿¶=H>Vq?
z=f¦Ù=Àºzf¦ËÙf³j£=ÀºTfÁ?oÉ=ÀºbUÙkÉ·ªº?
KºfUÆ(ÄJ¢>{KFQÆÐÊmµfIÆ?ÐÊm¸£«Efº?=cCÆ(ºÙ=ÁcDEò×C
° °SÀyXqXT ¯ SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ° |ESÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ù \-5¯ @6>£I= ¹Ç¯¶ÄJ«¶>
>ºÆ > ÈPSÈ5ªkÙW*ÔRd ³/[O SÈ\FÖkWc Ô2 Ì°%\C p×'U rQ"Wà ÈO\ÈW% SÈ5 Vl¯XT
Ķǯ¶Æ(Í«É·=η¢ºÙ=l>¯ÈÆ(Í«É·=η¢°Fì¿È¿¶=η¢>¿Â°Fì¿È
*ʾ>r¢b¯ªºÙ=ós£ÈÀºÆ(¢>{?b¯ªºÙ=¤ìÈÀºÆ 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢
-1.
oÉ=Ìa>ɯ¶Í«É·=ʶÇIο£º
¥fn¶= ½>³U? ͺ>®Ý >ð£É »·j»·¶ ͺ>¢ Íi>Ñe ͪØ[=
¸Æ¥fn¶=½>³U?ͺ>®Dª *>£¶=CÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b¶=¸Æ(ʺØiÝ=
(>»Ã·Q٠ͪØ[= Gr¿º bQàÆ b® Á=d·¶= Á=fºÙ= >»Â >£¶= C ÌÇ¢b¶=
×Æ(Í«É·=¦bU?>»Â×ÇJÈÁ?XrÈت *ͪØ[=Gr¿º¸»¢>»ÂÆ
Á=d·¶= Á=fºÙ= >»Â >»Ã¾Ù (Ä¿¢ ÍE>ɾ >»Â×ÇJÈ Àº ¼É¯È Á? Í«É·^·¶ gÇ
¸²ÇÈÁ?ĶgÇت(Är^mη¢>»ÃɪͣÉF¶=b¯¢¤®ÆÆ(>»ÃÉ·¢¤ÈÇE
¸É²Ç¶=Æ QÙ>² b®>£¶= s^m η¢ ¤®Æ b¯¢ ¸² ÁÙ *>»Ãɪ Ä¿¢
*ÄÉ·¢b¯£¶=ÏfQËd¶=¸»£¶>E½>ɯ¶=Ŧ¸²ÇÈÁ?ĶgÇ×´Èfn¶=Æ
Á? s^n¶= =d gÇ × £º s^m η¢ Ëf U ͪØ[= b¯¢Æ
ÇÂÆ(Är^mη¢Äɪ ͪØ[=b¯¢ÏfQ>»ÉªÄº>¯º½Ç¯ÈÁ@EŦ¸²ÇÈ
*ÌÇ¢b¶=¸Æ¥fn¶=½>³U?ͺ>®Ý»·j»·¶Íº>£¶=Íi>Ñf¶=
Ë?(Ä·Q٠ͪØ[=Kº>®>ÇÂÌÇ¢b¶=¸Á?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ
Å×ÇJÈÁ?gÇت*ÄE½>ɯ¶=¸Q?ÀºÇÂOÉUÀºÍªØ[=aÇQÆÁ>²>
ÄÉ·¢Æ *»·j=Àºs^m¸²ÄE½Ç¯ÈÁ?XrÈÁ>²ÁCÆ(Í«É·=¦
Àº afª ¸³¶Æ (»·j= ¤É η¢ >ðufª Á>² ÁCÆ ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸ ÁDª
*Í«É·=ÏÇibU?Å×ÇJÈÁ?gÇ×Ä¿³¶Æ(ÄE½Ç¯ÈÁ?»·j=
>Ca>Ã=Æ(a>Ã=ÊÂÆÍ¿É£ºÍ¯Èf{ĶÌÇ¢b¶=¸Í«É·=ʶÇIÆ
Á>² ´¶d¶ *Äj«¾ ¹>J¯¶>EÆ (¹>J¯·¶ b£I ¶= Ìǯ¶>EÆ (ÀÈbÂ>>E bQÇÈ
CÌÇ¢b¶=¸»Í¯Èfì¶=ÇÂ(ÄE½Ç¯ÈËd¶=Ä·»¢Æ(ÅhÉÃÆ(oÉ=aÇQÆ
Ëd¶= Ç ľ٠(oÉ= Ìa>É® ÇJÈ Ëd¶= Ç ͫɷ= Á>² >¿Â ÀºÆ *>£¶=
-1/
(oÉ=Ìa>ɮŦ×ÇÂÇJɪ(a>Ã=ÇJÈËd¶=ÇêÌÇ¢b¶=¸ÇJÈ
½>ɯ¶=×Æ(ÄFÈebJE½>ɯ¶=×ÆÄIe=aDE½>ɯ¶=kɶoÉ=Ìa>ɮʶÇIÁ?´¶c
ÇJÈÁ>²ÁCÆÍ«É·=Æ6¸Ñ>iÆÆGɶ>i?>÷²ÅdÂÁDª(ÄɪÍÉ¿«¶=eǺÙ>E
(Ä¿ÈdzIʶÇIÇÂoÉ=ʶÇI>CÆ *>ÃE½Ç¯È×Ä¿³¶Æ(ð>º>¢ð>ɶÇI>þÆÖm
¤ì¯¿ÈËd¶=Ëb¿=ÁÙ´¶cÆ *Ķ>»¢@E½>ɯ¶=fº?ʶÇIÆ(ÅhÉÃʶÇIÆ
¹>»¢? Àº J£I ¹>J¯·¶Æ (Æb£¶= H>ÂeÝ b£I ¶= Ìǯ¶=Æ (bÂ>
a>ÃR·¶
=dÆ*a>Ã=ÇÂÄj«¾¹>J¯¶=Æ*a>Ã>Efº?U>ÃE=fº?´¶d¶Æ(a>Ã=
Ç >C ¹>J¯¶>E ¼Ãº>É® fº?Æ (¼Âa=b¢C fº?Æ (ÀÈbÂ>= fº? ʶÇI Á>²
× ÇÂÇJÈÁ?ÇÂoÉR·¶Í«É·=Ìa>ɮο£º Ádzɪ *¦kɶͫɷ^·¶
ÅhÉÃRJE ͯ·£J= Íi>Éj¶=Æ (oÉ= ÀÈdzJE ͯ·£J= Íi>Éj¶= ¼ie Ŧ
Ŧ×ÇÂÇJÈÁ?Æ *¹>J¯¶>EË?Ä·»£Eĺ>ɯEͯ·£J=Íi>Éj¶=Æ(Åa=b¢CÆ
Ëd¶= Ç ͫɷ= Á>² ´¶d¶Æ *Íi>Éj¶= Åd dÉ«¿I η¢ fm>F= =fmÝ=
¹>J¯¶=Íi>Éi¼ieÆ(ð>ÉQe>]Æð>É·]=a>÷²ÍÈf³j£¶=Íi>Éj¶=¼ieÇJÈ
ľ?XÉVq *>ð¯·ìºÅ¦bU?>Â×ÇJÈÁ?XrÈ×Æ(ð>ÉQe>]Æð>É·]=a>÷²
η¢ =fmÝ= Æ Íi>Éj¶= Åd ¼ie Ð>nÈ À £JjÈ Á? Ķ gÇ
ο£ºÇÂ=dÂ*>ð¯·ìº>Â×ÇJÈÁ?ŦbUÙµÈÁ?gÇ×Ä¿³¶Æ(>ÂdÉ«¿I
Í«É·=¦Ìa>ɯ¶=ÅdÂÇJÈÁ?gÇ×=dÆ *oÉ=Ìa>ɯ¶Í«É·=ʶÇI
*ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÇE×Æ
ÇÂľDzOÉUÀºÄj«¾oÉ=¤uÆÀ¢Á>J>¾Á>J¶@jºµ>¿ÂÆ
(ÌÇ¢b¶=¸»Í«É·=ʶÇJ¶ÌbÉUǶ=ͯÈfì¶=Ä«qÇEa>Ã>E½Ç¯I¶=Ìǯ¶=
Ë? (Í«É·^·¶ Ëd¶= Á>ì·j¶= ÍÈ>»} ½Ç¯I ¶= Ìǯ¶= Ç ľDz OÉU ÀºÆ
ľDzOÉUÀºoÉ=¤uÆÀ¢Í>¿¶=Ͷ@j=>º?*>ðÉQe>]Æð>É·]=aͶÆb·¶
-10
>þDªÌÇ¢b¶=¸»Í«É·=ʶÇIͯÈf{Ä«qÇEa>Ã>E½Ç¯I¶=Ìǯ¶=ÇÂ
ÍÈf³j£¶=L=e>FJ¢×=ÆoÉR·¶>ºÆ(ͶÆb·¶ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶>E°·£JIͶ@jº
η¢½Ç¯I>CÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb·¶ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=Á?´¶cÆ *>ÃɪÁ>³ºÀº
Ê >C ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸» Í«É·= ʶÇI ͯÈf{ Á? >Æ *>£¶= C ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸
ÁDª=dÂη¢Æ *¼Ñ=aa>ÃQͶ>UÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=K¾>²´¶d¶(a>Ã=
Í·»J¹Æb¶=Àº>¦EÆ>ÿÉEHf=Á@EÀºÖI>÷²ÍɺØiÝ=ͺîÙ=
*a>ÃR·¶ ¼Ñ=b¶= a=b¢Ý= η¢ οFI Á? G ͶÆb¶= Íi>Éi Á=Æ (K®Æ ¸²
ÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b¶=¼Ã§É·FIb£Eò×CgÇ×ð>É·£ªð×>J® Ð=b¢Ù=¹>J®Á?>Æ
bÃIÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=Íi>ÉiK¾>²´¶d¶(f¿¶=K«·ÈÄQÆη¢ð×Æ?
C ½ØiÝ= ¨É·FI >ÃE ÎI@JÈ ¹Æb¶= Àº >¦ EÆ >ÿÉE Ͷ>U a>C C
zÇa=b¢Ý=η¢´¶cFIÁ?Æ(f¿¶=K«·ÈÄQÆη¢¼ºÙ=ÆHÇ£n¶=
>ãºÎI@JÈͶ>Ua>Dª *ÌÇ¢b¶=¸´¶cÎvJ®==cCK®Æ¸²Hf=
>þÙ(Ä¿ºbE×fº?f¿¶=K«·ÈÄQÆη¢Äº>³U?ƽØiÝ=e>³ª?¨É·FI
´¶d¶Æ (Ê·£«¶= ¹>J¯¶>E ÐbF·¶ Êi>i? fmÆ (a>Ã= ½>³U? Àº ¼³U
¹dFÈÁ?>Âa>C¸ÉFiÄÉ·¢GÆ(Ͷ>=ÅdÂa>CÍ«É·=η¢¼JVJÈ
G>»²(¹>ºÀº>Âa>CÄQ>J>º°«¿ÈÆ(bÃQÀº¤ÉìJjÈ>ºÎr®?
¸Q?Àºf{>^=zÇ>»²(ð>º>>÷Q?Àºf{>^=x£EzÇÁ?ÄÉ·¢
Á>²´¶d¶Æ *»·j=e>ºcÍÈ>Æ?(½ØiÝ=ÍvÉEÀ¢aÆd¶=Æ?(XJ«¶=
L=fÈb¯J¶>E Í{>UÝ=Æ (Ëf³j£¶= a=b¢Ý>E ÍÈ>¿£¶=Æ ÍÈf³j£¶= Ìǯ¶= ªÇI
Ìǯ¶= ÁÙ (>ÃÉ·¢ ͪ>=Æ Í¶>= Åd a>C >ðÈfÂÇQ =ðÐhQ ÍÈf³j£¶=
>º=dÂÆ *f«³¶=¹ÆabuÆf«³¶=ÏÇ®bubÉUǶ=¥eb¶=ÊÂÍÈf³j£¶=
=dÂÆ *ÌÇ¢b¶=¸»Í«É·=ʶÇIð=fM?ÍÈf³j£¶=L=ǯ¶=Æ?oÉR·¶¸£
-11
Ê >þ٠ÍÉQe>= Íi>Éj¶= =ðfM? ÍV·j= L=ǯ¶=Æ oÉR·¶ Á? £È
Í«É·=ʶÇIη¢Ë?(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=η¢fì=ÊI@È>¿ÂÀºÆ*>Âa>»¢
OÉUÀº>ÃJ¯É¯Uη¢Í¶@j=Ådµ=eaCÀºbE×´¶d¶Æ *ÌÇ¢b¶=¸»
η¢ ´¶c fì] OÉU Àº Ë? (ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸» Í«É·= ʶÇI oÉ= fM?
SJ¿ÈľDª>ÃJ¯É¯Uη¢Í¶@j=ÅdµebI=cCÆ *ÍÉQe>=ͶÆb¶=Íi>Éi
Íi>Éj¶= eÇÂbIÆ H=fìu= >ºCÆ (>£¶= C ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸ Ç®Æ >ºC >ÿ¢
*ÍÉQe>=
Ê¢>ªa hÉÃ af
kɶ ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb·¶ ÍÈf³j¢ ÌÇ® Ð>¿E ÁC
Ä£È>E>½>ɯ¶=Í«É·^·¶ÎI@JɶĿºbE×Ëd¶=Ê»J=fºÙ=ÇÂ>CÆ(GjVª
¸ ÇÂÆ >ÃÉ·¢ = Äufª > ½Ç¯I Á? ͶÆb·¶ ÎI@Jɶ Ë? *ÄÉ·¢ ÁÇ»·j=
η¢ ÍÉQe>= >ÃJi>ÉjE ½Ç¯I Á? ͶÆb·¶ ÎI@Jɶ Ïf]? Ìe>F£E Æ? (ÌÇ¢b¶=
ð=ÉjI Íi>Éj¶= Åd ÉjI Ð>¯E η¢ ª> Á?Æ (= Äufª Ëd¶= ÄQǶ=
bÉUǶ=¥eb¶=ľDz±ÇªÍÈf³j£¶=Ìǯ¶=Ð>¿EÁ>²´¶d¶Æ *>ðRJ¿ºð>VÉVq
ͯÈfì¶=ÇÂ(¼ÂÆh¦¹>»JU=ÆÉEf=e>«³¶=H>ÂeCbuͺîÙ=ij·Ëd¶=
*ÍɺØiCÍi>ÉiÍÉQe>=ͶÆb¶=Íi>Éi¸£ÌbÉUǶ=
g>Ã|ÍÈf³j¢ÌÇ®Ð>¿FEð>»JUͺh·ºÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=ÁDzÁ?ò×C
Íi>Éi η¢ ÍÈf³j£¶= L=e>FJ¢×= fìÉjI Á? Å>¿£º kɶ ËÇ® Ëf³j¢
ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=fM?Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶ÁdzÈÁ? ×Æ(ÍÉQe>=ͶÆb¶=
Ë?e Ç Ëf³j£¶= Ë?f¶= Á? ´¶cÆ *fN² Æ? ¸ç ® (fMÙ= =d Á>² >»Ãº
ͶÆb·¶=Ç¿»vÈÁ?¼ÃJ«ÉÆÀºÀÈd¶=´Ò¶Æ?Àºea>q(Í¿É£ºÍªfª
Ê£ÉFì¶=ÀºÆ*¹Æb¶=Àº>¦EÆ>ÿÉEHf=K£®Æ=cCÍÈf³j£¶=>È=h=
gÆ>RJÈÁ?XrÈ×Ä¿³¶Æ *L>{>ÉJU×=¤É¼ÃÈ?e¸»nÈÁ?¤®ÇJ=Æ
-12
l>¾? ÍVÉr¾ ľDz gÆ>RJÈ Á? gÇ ×Æ (GjVª ÍVÉr¾ ľDz Åe>FJ¢=
Åd ¥ÇuÇ= ¼Â³«I gÆ>RJÈ × ¼ÃJªfU Í¿É£º ͪf ªfVJº
(ÌF²Æ̧q¸²ÍVÉr¿¶=ÅdÂ¥>FI=XrÈ×´¶d¶Æ *Í¿É£=ÍÉU>¿¶=
(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj·¶½>£¶=OVF¶=Á>³ºÀºÄ·J>»Éªò×C>ÃN}XrÈ×Æ
Ä·ÄɪKÉì¢?>ºÆ>ÿªÁdzÈUd]ÖIÆ(¯ª>ÿªd]ÖJª
U Í«É·= >ÃF·ìÈ Ë? *ÏeÇm KjÉ¶Æ ÍVÉr¾ Êê (ÍÉQe>= Íi>Éj¶=
η¢(¥>af
ĶK·É®=cC>ã»jÈÁ?gÇÆ(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=OVFÈ
Á>³ºÎ·¢Ê¢ÆͶ>UÆ(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=η¢Ê¢ÆͶ>UÁdzÈÁ?
ÀºfN²?>ÃÉì£ÈÁ?XrÈ×Æ(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=L>ììÍVÉr¿¶=ÅdÂ
×ÆľDªÍVÉr¾>þDzÀº²?ð=eb®>Â>ì¢?Æ=d¸£«È=cCľ٠*´¶c
=ðeÇÂbIÆ >ðE=fìu= >ºC (ÍÉQe>= Íi>Éj¶= η¢ fì= ¸rVÉi ´m
´¶cÀºfN²?¸rb®¸E*ÌÇ¢b¶=¸À¢ð>ªÇ®Æ>ºCÆ(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=
>þ>ì·i jFI ¶= Í£®f¶= À¢ e>j=Æ (ͶÆb¶= eÇÂbI ¸r b® cC
af
ľDz Àº fN²? Ëf³j£¶= Ë?f·¶ Îì£È Á? gÇ × ´¶d¶Æ *>ÃÉ·¢
*ÍVÉr¾
ľÆaÖÈ ¼Ã¾DªÍÈf³j£¶=¼ÃJ«rE¼Ã·»¢ÁÆaÖÈUÁÇÈf³j£¶=Æ
Ë?f¶=ÀºÌa>«Ji×=¼ÃI=e>FJ¢=ÁÇ·]bÈ׼þC(t>rJ]=H>Vq@²
ÄQÆ Î·¢ K§·E ½ØiÝ= C ÌÇ¢b¶= ÁDz ÁÆf³«È ×Æ (Ê>£¶= ½>£¶=
=Æd]@È Á? ÁǶÆ> × ¼ÂÆ *Æb£¶= Ð>¯¶ ´¶c fM=Æ (f¿¶= K«·È
× ¼ÂÆ *ÍÈÇ¿£= Ïǯ¶=Æ ÍÉUÆf¶= Ïǯ¶= Í·Ñ>= L>ɾ>³ºÝ= ¼Ã¾>FjU
ÁÇFÂdÈÆ?(Æb£¶=aØEÁÇnÉ£ÈÀÈd¶=ÌÇ¢b¶=Í·¹>»¢?¼Ã«EÁÇ»JÃÈ
¼É£¶= M@J¶= e=b¯º ×Æ (ÍÉi>ºÇ·FÈb¶= ¸Ñ>iÆ ÁDzebÈ ×Æ *>Ãɪ ÌÇ¢b·¶
-13
ð>É¢ÇuǺð=³«IÈf³j£¶=³«IÁdzȴ¶c¸Q?ÀºÆ*Íi>Éj¶=¹>»¢Ú¶
Í»äÉ® ÍVÉr¾ K¾>² ¼ÃJVÉr¾ Ld]? =cDª *Ø ð º>m >ðÉi>Éi =ð³«I ×
¥Ç¾Ë?¼ÃÈ?f¶Á>²Æ(fÈf¯J¶=Ƹ»£¶=ÍÉUØq=Çì¢î?=cCÀ³¶Æ(>âÇuǺ
j¶=Æ ÍÉi>Éj¶= L=e=f¯¶= =ðefu GFjÈ ´m ×Æ Ä¾Dª ½=h¶Ý= Àº
fM?ĶÁdzÈÁ?Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶X»jàÈÁ?gÇ×=dÆ *Êi>Éj¶=
>þDzgÆ>RJÈð>¾>³ºÈf³j£¶=Ð=eA¸JÁ?gÇ×Æ(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=
*ÍVÉr¾°·ìº×(¦kɶÍäÉ¿ªÍVÉr¾af
af
>þDz Èf³j£¶= Ð=eA ;>³º frU ο£º kɶ ľ? ×ò C
ǯªÅ>¿£º¸E(ÍÈf³j£¶=L=fÈb¯J¶=Èf«J¶=ÇÂGjVªÍäÉ¿ªÍVÉr¾
ÇÂÆÄÉ·¢Æ(ÍÈf³j£¶=L=fÈb¯J¶=η¢ÄI=fÈb¯IfìÉjIÁ?GÍ«É·=Á?
¸Â> ÍɶÆÖj= ¸»VJ¶ =ðb£Jjº ÁÇ³È Á? ÍÉÑ>ÿ¶= ì= ¼ifÈ
ŦL=fÈb¯I¸£Á?GÆ*Á>ÉUÙ=x£EÍJVF¶=ÍÈf³j£¶=L=fÈb¯J¶=
fN²?(ÀÈf³«=Æb¯£¶=Ƹ=¸Â@²ÆÌ×Ƕ=ƾÆ>£>²Èf³j£¶=¦Àº
;>³º eb¯È Á? Í«É·= η¢ G Ä¿³¶Æ (Èf³j£¶= L=fÈb¯I Àº
OÉUÀºÆ?(aØF¶=À¢¥>ªb¶=OÉUÀºÐ=Çi(ͶÆb¶=Íɶ>£¶=Èf³j£¶=
Ìǯ¶=η¢Íª>=>÷²ÍºîÙ=η¢ÆÄÉ·¢G´¶d¶Æ(a>Ã>Ee>«³¶=ÐbE
ÁÇÉi>Éj¶=ÁdzÈÁ?GÀ³¶Æ*Ä¿É¢ÍFUη¢af«¶= ª>>»²(ÍÈf³j£¶=
¼ÂÆ (ÍÉQe>= Íi>Éj¶= ¼ie η¢ ÁÇ¿»ÉÃÈ ÀÈd¶= ¼Â ÁÇÈf³j£¶= kɶÆ
=Ǿ>² =cC >ºÆ (Hf= e>ì]? ÍÃQ=Ç a=b£Ji×= Íɫɲ ÁÆef¯È ÀÈd¶=
Í«É·=¸£Á?GÆ*ÎJºÆÍ¢fiÍÈ@Fª´¶cÁ>²=cCÆ(Hf=ÁÇ·]bÉi
×Æ(Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶X»jÈ×Á?Æ(ð>»Ñ=aÍ£E>IÌe=aCÍÈf³j£¶=Ìǯ¶=Àº
*>dù«¿=eÆa×Æ(Íi>Éj·¶¤E>J¶=eÆagÆ>RJÈÁ?ÄɪafªËÙ
-14
e>FJ¢=OÉUÀº>º?(ÅÕ=eAÆËf³j£¶=g>Ã=eÆaOÉUÀº=dÂ
ÍÉ¿ª ÍVÉr¾ af
>Âd]@È Á? Ê«³È × Ä¾Dª ÍÈf³j£¶= L=e>FJ¢Ø¶ Í«É·=
(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=ÅfÈf¯Ið=fM?ÍÈf³j£¶=L=e>FJ¢Ø¶¸£¼M(¦kɶ
×Æ(>Âd]?ÍVÉr¾af
ÍÈf³j£¶=L=e>FJ¢×=ÁdzIÁ?ÀºbE׸E
ľ=Ë?(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=fM?Ë?>ÁdzÈÁ?EÆ>ÿÉE¹>Á?ÀºbE
ÁDª(>Ãɪð=fMÖºðغ>¢ÁdzIÁ?Æ?(>ÃÉ·¢ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=οFàIÁ?gÇ×
G¸E*ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=ÍÈf³j£¶=L=e>FJ¢×=¼³VJIÁ?ÌeÇì=Àº
Á? GÆ (ÍÉQe>= ͶÆb¶= Íi>Éi Ìf]Öº ÍÈf³j£¶= L=e>FJ¢×= Ð>¯EC
Ð=Çi (ÍÈf³j¢ L=fÈb¯I >þDz OÉU Àº ÍÈf³j£¶= L=fÈb¯J¶= ¸I
M@J¶= À¢ Ï@¿º (Èf³j£¶= ¦ À¢ ½? (Èf³j£¶= À¢ Lebq
*ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=¼ieUÍ«É·=
¤ÉìJjI K¾@ª *>ðiÇ»·º Øð r«º Øð ³m d]@I ÍÈf³j£¶= eǺÙ= ÁC
ÍÈÆÇ¿¶= ¸E>¿¯¶=Æ b¢=ǯ¶=Æ L=fÑ>ì¶=Æ ÍÉEf= À«j¶=Æ ¤ª=b= ÏfI Á?
Íh=Æ?fr¿¶=>Âe>MBEfjÈÆͶÇÃjE¤¿J¯IÁ?¤ÉìJjIÆ*_Èe=Çr¶=Æ
l>¯IÁ?À³ÍÈa>ºÐ>Ém?Êê *f¯Ã¯J¶=Æ?½b¯J¶=(e>j×=Æ?XJ«¶=
ÍÉUÆf¶= Ïǯ¶= Ø~ *>ÃRÑ>J¾ k»·I Á? À³ ÍÈa>º e>MA >Æ (>Âa>£E?
Æ?Ê·=½>£¶=Ë?f¶=Ø~Æ(Íi>Éj¶=L=eÆ>¿=Ø~Æ(ÍÈÇ¿£=Ïǯ¶=Æ
µ=eaC¸Ãj¶=ÀºkɶÆ(ÍÈa>ºð=eǺ?KjɶÅdÂÁDª(Ê>£¶= ½>£¶=Ë?f¶=
>þ?¤ºk×ÆÏfI×ÍiÇ»·º¦Ð>Ém?>þÙ(>ÃRÑ>J¾kÆ>Âe>MA
(XJ«¶=ÆHf=ÎJU(ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=ÍÈÇÉUfN²?Æ(ÍÉ»Â?¼¢?
(ÍÉQe>= Íi>Éj¶= Ìf]Öº ÍÈf³j£¶= L=e>FJ¢×= ¸I Á? G ´¶d¶Æ
Ïǯ¶= ¼M (ð×Æ? ÍÉUÆf¶= Ïǯ¶= e>FJ¢= ¸È Á?Æ (>Ãɪ ÍÈǾ>M ÁdzI Á=Æ
-15
Êi>Éj¶= Ð>Âb·¶Æ ÍÉi>Éj¶= L=eÆ>¿»·¶ ÁÇ³È Á?Æ *fìÉj= Ç ÍÈÇ¿£=
¦ÌbU=ÆÍÉi>ÉiÌÇ®ð>£å»J
´¶cÁdzÈÁ?Æ(e>FJ¢×=ÀºÌge>E;>³º
ʶÇIο£ºµeb¾Á?¤ÉìJj¾>¿ÂÀºÆ *ÅbUÆÍ«É·=>Â×ÇJÈÍÑhRJ·¶Í·E>®
ð=bÑ>®Æ?(ÍÉ·³mÌa>ɮĶ>÷£Qfì]Æ(ÍÉ·£«¶=oÉ=Ìa>É®ÅbUÆÍ«É·=
*E>£J¶=x£EbUη¢Î·¢?
Íi>Éj¶= η¢ fìÉjI ÍÈf³j£¶= L=e>FJ¢×= ¸£ Á>² b¯¶Æ
>£¶=CÌÇ¢b¶=¸¬®ÆCÏa?¤ÉªfM?Ð>«·=x£Eb¿¢ÍÉQe>=
K«®Æb¯ª *ɾ>»N£¶=fr¢f]=Æ?Æ(Éi>F£¶=fr¢ÀºÊ¾>N¶=fr£¶=
aØEÍÃQÀºÍɲ¶=aØF¶=aÆbUb¿¢½Æf¶=aØEÍɺØiÝ=L>UÇJ«¶=
aÆbU b¿¢ K«®ÆÆ (>j¾fª À¢ K£Qe ÍÉEf§¶= >EÆeÆ? aØE Æ (½>n¶=
e>³ªÙ= Á=Æ (ÍÈÇ® ¹=hI × K¾>² ÍÉUÆf¶= Í®>ì¶= Á? Àº ¼¦f¶>E (>ɾ>Fi=
ÁÇì£ÈÁÇÈf³j£¶=Á>²UÀ³¶Æ*hɲ¶=ÆÍ®=f£¶=eÆaLd]?ÍɺØiÝ=
¹Ç]a ¹ÆÙ= e>FJ¢×= Ð=eÛ= Åd ¸£Æ Æb£¶= ÌÇ®Æ ¼ÃIÇ® ¼ÂÐ=eA
¬Ñ=Çr¶= LØ ¸¢ e>rJ®×= e=f¯¶= Á>² >Ç]a ½b¢ Æ? (Hf=
´¶cgÆ>RJÈÁ?ÁÆa¥fn¶=½>³U@EðØ»¢ð=aÇQǺa>Ã=Ð>¯EÝ(ÊI=Çn¶=Æ
K·qÆ É¾>»N£¶= ½>È? Æ *ÍÉi>Éi L=e>FJ¢= C Æ? (ÍÉi>Éi ¹>»¢? C
Á>¾Çɶ=Àº>EÆeÆ?KVjJ²=Á?b£E>j»¿¶=>¿Éɪe=Çi?ÍɺØiÝ=pÇÉ=
´·Iη¢½ØiÝ=Á>ì·iKìjEÆ(>ɪØj¦ÇÈÆ>ɾ>F¶?Æ>ɾ>ºÆeÆ>Èe>§·EÆ
*G·§È×ʺØiÝ=oÉ=Á?>EÆeÆ?½>£¶=Ë?f¶=Á>²ÎJU*>÷²¥ÇEf¶=
Hد¾×=fM?η¢ÍÉQe>=Íi>Éj¶=η¢ÍÈf³j£¶=L=e>FJ¢×=LfìÉiUÆ
b=¬®ÆËaØÉ=fn¢Àº>N¶=Áf¯¶=>EÆeÆ?PbU Ëd¶=Ê¢>¿r¶=
*½ØiÝ=Á>ì·j¶¸º>³¶=ºbJ¶=CÏa?Ëd¶=eh=?bEÆ(ʺØiÝ=
-2,
Àº >º? (a>Ã>E ½Ç¯I ¶= Ìǯ¶= Ç oÉ= ÁDz OÉU Àº =dÂ
=dÂÁDª(ð>ÉQe>]Æð>É·]=aÁ>ì·j¶=ÍÈ>»}½Ç¯I¶=Ìǯ¶=ÇÂľDzOÉU
¶=Êê*¼³=Ë?Á>ì·j¶=Ì>ÉUÊÂ>þDzOÉUÀºÍÈa>=Ìǯ¶>E°·£JÈ
ͺ>®CK¾>²Á=Æ(ĻɯIÁ?>þ>³ºDEÆ(ĺbÃIÁ?>þ>³ºDE¶=ÊÂÆ(Ä«
ÀºÁ>ì·j¶=¼^uÁ>³ºÍV·j=L=ǯ¶=ÆoÉ=½>¯ºÁDª=dÆ*ÍJ®Öº
À³¶Æ *Á>ì·j¶=ð=F²ð=fM?oÉR·¶Á@EÊUÇÈ=dÂÆ *Á>ì·iÇÂOÉU
Íi>Éj¶=aÇQÆÍÈf³j£¶=L=e>FJ¢Ø¶ÁdzÈÁ?g>QÁCľ?ÊÂͯɯ=
ÁdzÈÁ?¹=ÇUÙ=Àº¹>}gÇ׾Dª>ÃJVÉr¾d]?OÉUÀºÍÉQe>=
ľDzOÉUÀºÁ>ì·j¶=aÇQÆË?ÄɪafªËÙ×Æ(Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶
aÇQÆ×Ä¿³¶Æ(Ëf³j£¶=g>Ã>E «Á>²Á=ÆÁ>ì·j¶=ÁÙ *>ðÈf³j¢
Ìǯ¶=Àºð=b»JjºkɶÆ(ÍiÇ»·ºÍÈa>ºÌÇ®kɶÁ>ì·j¶>ª *ÄɪÍÈf³j£·¶
Æ?ͺîÙ=Àºb»JjºÇÂÆ(¤»J=L>®Ø£·¶¼É¿J¶=dÉ«¿IÇÂ>CÆ(ÍÈa>=
ͮآ ×Æ (Ä¿º ÏÇ®Ù= ÍÒ«¶= Æ? (Äɪ ͯɯU À»³È ľ٠(G£n¶=
ÄE ½Ç¯È >C dÉ«¿J¶= ÁC ¼£¾ *Äɪ Ëf³j£¶= g>ÃR·¶ ×Æ ÍÈf³j£·¶
(Èf³j£¶= ÁÆa Ë? (ÍÈa>º ÌÇ® ÁÆa bQÇÈ Á? ¸ÉVJjÈÆ (ÁÇÈf³j£¶=
¼ÂeÆagÆ>RJÈÁ?gÇ×Æ *¦kɶÌ=aÙ=eÆaÇÂÄɪ¼ÂeÆaÀ³¶Æ
× Ä¿³¶Æ (Æb£¶= η¢ e>¿¶= >ÿº °·ìÈ Ëb¿= bÈ ÍÉ®b¿F¶= eÆa dÉ«¿J¶=
ÁÇ³È Á? ¼³= η¢ fì= ÀºÆ *Äɪ > Ë?e ×Æ ±Ø{Ý= > Ìa=eC
ÁDª *¹=ÇUÙ=Àº¹>}×ÆaÇQÆË?¼³=Ë?(Á>ì·j¶=Èf³j£·¶
Ê{fn¶= ¼³V² >ðÉjɶÇE >ð»³U Ä·£ ¸® >»Ãº Äɪ ¼ bQÇÈ eÆa Ë?
*L>®Ø£¶=¼É¿Id«¿Èð>¾>ì·i×(Rj·¶
ð=fì]Ádzȸ®>»ÃºÁ>ì·j¶=Èf³j£·¶bQÇÈeÆaË?ÁC
-2-
ËfÄɪ¼³=Á?´¶cÆ *aØF¶=Á>ɲη¢Æ(¼²>=η¢Æ(¼³=η¢
Ìǯ·¶e>FJ¢=Ë?Êì£È×ÇÂÆ*¹b£¶=°É¯ÄɪÆ(¥fn¶>EbɯJ¶=ÄɪÆ(°=
À»³I ÄIÇ®Æ *ºÇ³= b¿¢ ×Æ ¼²>= b¿¢ × (¼³= U ÍÈa>=
=cDª *dÉ«¿I L=Æa? Àº ÄÈb¶ > × (>ÃJÈ>¢eÆ l>¿¶= ÁÆÖnE l>jUÝ=
af
C ÄJ¶ÇUÆ (¼³U Ç OÉU Àº ÄIbjª? Äɪ ÍÈa>= Ìǯ¶= LbQÆ
× ´¶d¶Æ (Á>ì·j¶=Æ ¼³= ͯɯU dÒ¿ÉU Äɪ Kºb£¾=Æ (¼³Æ ÌfìÉi
G¸E(ÄɪaÇQÆË?Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶×ÆÈf³j£·¶ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈ
¸Eð>¯·ìºÄɪ>Ë?e×Æ(¼³=>Ìa=eC×Ì=a?¼²>=bÉE=Ç·ÈÁ?
*´¶c¦ÆË?eÆÌa=eCÀºÍ·rEĶK>º¸²ÀºÍɶ>]Ð>»qÌ=a?af
¼²>=η¢>Âfì]OÉUÀº>º?*¼³=k«¾Î·¢>Âfì]OÉUÀº=dÂ
¼Â? ÀºÆ (Ð>¯F¶= ÌhÈf¦ ¼ÃÉªÆ (fnE Èf³j£¶= Æ? Ëf³j£¶= g>Ã= ÁDª
=Æ?eÆ (¼³= aÇQÆ ¼ ÁÇ³È Á? ¼ µfI =cDª *Ìa>Éj¶= >ÂfÂ>º
ÁÇ«ÆľǫÀÈd¶=¼Â¼Ã¾?Æ(¼²>=½bÂη¢ÁÆea>®¼Ã¾?¼Ãj«¾?
(ľ>ì·i ¼²>= b»JjÈ ¼Ã¿º Á?Æ (Á>ì·j¶= ebrº ¼Ã¾? =Ç»ÂÇI ľ>ì·i
) ¼ÃÈbÈ@E ÍÈa>= Ìǯ¶=Æ ) ÄÉ·¢ ÁÇFNÈÆ Ìa>Éj¶= kÉi>U? ¼Ãɪ µfVJJª
¸£ Á? ¼²>=η¢\a>«¶=fì=Àº Á>² =dÆ *Ä¿º ¼³=ÁÇFrJ§Éª
´¶c¸rU b®Æ *Á>ì·j¶=aÇQÆË?Èf³j£·¶Æ?Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶
x£E ÁDª (ɾ>»N£¶= fr¢ Æ Éi>F£¶= fr¢ ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶=
¼ÂÇ·£QÆ?(¼ÂÇF·®Á?ò×C¼Ã¿ºÁ>²>»ª(Èf³j£¶=½>º?=Ç«£uÐ>«·=
¼³= ¸rU Ëd¶= e=b×= ´¶c Ð=fQ Àº Á>²Æ *¼ÃÈbÈ? Ì=a?
*Ð>«·=Ð×Ö½>È?ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=
ͺîÙ= Á>ɲ η¢ ¼³= Èf³j£·¶ eÆa Ë? aÇQÆ fì] >º?
-2.
ÁdzI >÷» ¶= Ìf³«¶= Í£ÉF{ Àº ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶= ÁDª ͶÆb¶= Á>ɲÆ
Á?(ͺîÙ=ÆͶÆb¶=ÄEbɯJIÁ?GËd¶=Ê¢fn¶=¼³=Æ *Ð=b¢Ù>EÍ{>
ÍÈ=f¶=>÷·IƽØiÝ>E¼³¶=aØF¶>ª *HfUe=aƽØiCe=aÄ·²>£¶=
e=aË?(f«²e=a>£¶=¥>¯E¤ÉÀº>Â=b¢>ºÆ(½ØiCe=aÊÂÍɺØiÝ=
Ð=b¢@E Í{> eÇr£¶= ¤É ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶= ÁdzI ´¶d¶Æ *HfU
¼ÂeÆa¸®>»Ãº¼³=aÇQÆÈf³j£·¶µfI=cDª*fÑ=Æb¶=>ÃEÁÇrEÈ
¸qÙ= ÁÙ (Éi>Éj¶= Ð=f¦C Àº ¸Ãi? Ð=b¢Ù= Àº ¼ÂÐ=f¦C ÁDª Äɪ
(ÌbÉ£F¶=L=eÆ>¿=µ=eaC¼ÃÉ·¢G£rɪ(Ëa>ºËf³j¢¸»¢Ä¾?¼Ã·»¢
½>³=ɧJEÆ?¼³=d]@EÁÆf§Èb®´¶d¶Æ*ÍÉ«=ÍÉi>Éj¶=L>£Èf«J¶=Æ
¤¯È>¿ÂÆ *¼ÍÉr^mGi>³ºÆ?(¼Ã»ÃªGjUaØF·¶Gi>³º¸E>¯º
(ͺîÙ=Á>ɲη¢¸E(¼³=k«¾Î·¢×Æ(½>³=t>^m?η¢×fì=
¼ÉÂ>«=ÀºÍ¢Ç»
¤º(l>¿¶=͢ǻ
ÇÂͺîÙ=Á>ɲÁÙ(ͶÆb¶=Á>ɲÆ
ÍÉUØq ¼ l>¿¶= Àº ͢ǻ
Ç ͶÆb¶= Á>É²Æ *L>¢>¿¯¶=Æ kÉÈ>¯=Æ
¼³= d]? =cDª *L>¢>¿¯¶=Æ ¼ÉÂ>«=Æ kÉÈ>¯= Àº ͢ǻ
¤º ¼³=
¼ÉÂ>«º Èf³j£¶= C Ë? ¼ÃɶC KEfjI ÊQe>] Ð=f¦DE ÁÇÈf³j£¶=
Á>ɲ C ¸·= HfjJÈ ´¶dEÆ *ͶÆb¶= ¶= ¦ L>¢>¿®Æ kÉÈ>¯ºÆ
(Ìfª>³¶=¹Æb¶=cÇ«¾´¶c±ÇªHfjJÈ>e¸E(ͺîÙ=Á>ɲC¼M(ͶÆb¶=
aÇQÆ Ë@E \>»j¶= Á>² >¿Â ÀºÆ *¹=Æh¶=Æ ¹ØV»u×= ¸r >¿ÂÆ
*>ð£Éªð=fì]¼³=Ë?(Á>ì·j¶=Èf³j£·¶Æ?Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶
Èf³j£·¶ eÆa aÇQÆ fì] Àº ÍɺØiÝ= ͺîÙ= K¾>¢ b¯¶Æ
¹=ÆgC¼M(ͺîÙ=ÆͶÆb¶=Á>ɲC¸·=HfjIÀºK¾>¢>ºÁ>ì·j¶=
L=e>«iLe>qɾ>»N£¶=f]=Æ?Ê«ª *aÇQǶ=Àº ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=Á>ɲ
-2/
C HfjJI Ld]? ÎJU Èf³j£¶= fMÖI ¹ÇF¾>Ji= Ìfª>³¶= ¹Æb¶=
>m>EKUbºeÆaÆ *ÍɺØiC ¦L>¢>¿®ÆkÉÈ>¯ºÆ¼ÉÂ>«º ͶÆb¶=g>ÃQ
gfE? Àº L>¢>¿¯¶=Æ kÉÈ>¯=Æ ¼ÉÂ>«= Åd a>C Ä£º ÀÈd¶= >Fv¶=Æ
Hد¾×=Æ(Í«É·]bÉ»=bF£EÐ>QËd¶=Hد¾×=>»Éi×Æ(e=ÆaÙ=
´¶c¸F®Æ*Í«É·]a>meb»VÐ>QÆ(ͪØ[=À¢bÉ»=bF£E\>{?Ëd¶=
Hfv¶>j¾f«¶ðØÉ»¢Äj«¾Ä·£QfrºF³¶=Ê·¢b»eÆaÁ>²
ÍhÂG¯¢¹>»²Î«ìrºeÆaÁ>²¼M *¹ÇF¾>Ji=ÍɺØiÝ= ͪØ[=
η¢Ð>v¯¶==·C¤ºÅfºBIÆÙ=ÍÉ>£¶=Hf=Íɾ>»N£¶=ͶÆb¶=
*X·r¶=fÖºÄIb¢>jºÆ(¹ÇF¾>Ji=ÀºÐ>«·=H>Vj¾=¸E>¯º ͪØ[=
¼MÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=Á>ɲK¢h¢gb®ÁÇÈf³j£¶=>ÃE½>®¶=e=ÆaÙ=Ådê
Èf³j£·¶Æ?Ëf³j£¶=g>ÃR·¶X»jÈÁ?gÇ×=dÆ*aÇQǶ=ÀºÄJ¶=g?
*Á>ì·j¶=aÇQÆË@E
-20
bÉÃ[n¶=
bÉÃmÆ(>ɾb¶=½>³U?ÁÆa Ìf]Û=bÉÃm6½>j®?ÍMØMÐ=bÃn¶=
ÁÆa>ÂbUÆÌf]Û=bÉÃm>º?*Ìf]Û=Æ>ɾb¶=bÉÃmÆ(GjVª>ɾb¶=
(Í£FiL>È=Æf¶=x£E ¼ÂÆOÈa>UÙ=ÁÆeDzd=¼Ãª>ɾb¶=½>³U?
>»²XÉVr¶=Æ*fn¢bU?>Ãv£EÆ(Í£jI>Ãv£EÆ(Íɾ>>Ãv£EÆ
Ë?(ÁÇ¢>ì¶=LÇËd¶=ÇÂÆÁÇ£ì=6¼ÂÆÍj¼Ã¾?¼·jºaeÆ
LÇËd¶=ÇÂƱfó §¶=Æ(¹>ÃiÝ=GU>qÇÂÆÁÇìF=Æ(Æf£=Ð>EǶ=
Í»·²ÐØ¢C=¸ÉFiLÇÀºÆ(½ÆbÃ=Ð>¿F¶=Ë?½b=GU>qÆ(>ð®f¦
6¹>® U = ¹Çie Á? ÌfÈf ÊE? À¢ ¼·jº ÏÆe *Ͳf£= ¦ =
Ķ=f³nªÅf]@ª°Èfì¶=η¢µÇmÀr¦bQÆ°ÈfìEÊn¸Qe>»¿ÉE
½b= GU>qÆ ±f§¶=Æ ÁÇìF=Æ ÁÇ£ì= Íj Ð=bÃn¶= 6¹>®Æ Ķ f«§ª
¹>® 6¹>® ÌfÈf ÊE? À¢ ¼·jº ÏÆeÆ *¸QÆ h¢ = ¸ÉFi bÉÃn¶=Æ
¸J®Àº=¹Çie>È 6=Ƕ>® ; ¼³ÉªbÉÃn¶=ÁÆb£I>º 6 U=¹Çie
¹Çie>ȼÂÀ»ª6=Ƕ>®(¸É·¯¶ð=cCº?Ð=bÃmÁC6¹>®(bÉÃmÇê=¸ÉFi
(bÉÃmÇê=¸ÉFiL>ºÀºÆ(bÉÃmÇê=¸ÉFi¸J®Àº 6¹>®; =
ÀE=¹>®(bÉÃmÇêÀìF¶=L>ºÀºÆ(bÉÃmÇêÁÇ¢>ì¶= L>ºÀºÆ
a=f=Æ *bÉÃm °Èf§¶=Æ ¹>® ľ? OÈb= =d ´ÉE? η¢ bÃm? ¼j¯º
>ɾb¶=>º?ÆÐ=bÃn¶=H=ÇMÌf]Û=¼Ádzȼþ?¼Ã·²Ð×ÖÂÌa>ÃnE
OÈb=ÆH=ÇN¶=zf£ºbÉÃmÍ»·²K·É®=cCÆ*¼ÃÉ·¢Î·rÈÆÁÇ·j§Éª
ð>®Ø{C½Ø³¶=bÉÃmÍ»·²K¯·{?=cC>º?*Ð×ÖÂη¢>îØ{CXrɪĿ¢
Ëd¶=Cfr¿I¸EÐ×ÖÂCfr¿IتͿÈf®ÍÈ?>ãºÁdzIÁ?ÁÆa
-21
*¦kɶ=¸ÉFi¸J¯È
bÉÃn¶=½>³U?d]@ÈËd¶=ÇêÌf]Û=ÁÆa>ɾb¶=bÉÃm>º?Æ
×Ä¿³¶Æ(ÄE>ÉMÀªbȸEÄÉ·¢Î·rÈ×Ƹj§È׾?OÉUÀº>ɾb¶=
*>É·£¶= Ê = Í»·² ÁdzJ¶ =Ç·I>® ÀÈd¶= Ð=bÃn¶= H=ÇM Ìf]Û= d]@È
ͻɿ§¶=¸Q?ÀºÆ?(Í£»j·¶¸I>®Á@E=¸ÉFi¦¸I>¯ÈËd¶=ÇÂ=dÂÆ
bÉÃn·¶ H=ÇN¶= Krr] OÈa>UÙ= ÁÙ ´¶cÆ *=ðfEbº ¸I>® Æ? (¯ª
¼·jºÏÆe*fEbº¦ðØF¯º¸I>¯ÈËd¶=Æ(=¸ÉFi¸I>¯ÈËd¶=bÉÃn¶>E
6=¹Çie>ȹ>¯ªU¿¶=ÎI?ðØQeÁ? 6Ëf£mÙ=ÎiǺÊE?°Èf{Àº
À»ª(ľ>³ºÏ¶¸I>¯È¸Qf¶=Æ(f²dɶ¸I>¯È¸Qf¶=Æ(¼¿§»·¶¸I>¯È¸Qf¶=
Çê>É·£¶=ÊÂ=Í»·²ÁdzJ¶¸I>®Àº 6 U = ¹Çie¹>¯ª ; =¸ÉFi
À¢U =¹Çie¸Òi 6¹>®ÎiǺÊE?À¢¼·jºÏÆeÆ*=¸ÉFi
¹>¯ª ; =¸ÉFi´¶cË?(Ð>Èe¸I>¯ÈÆ(ÍɸI>¯ÈÆ(Í¢>Rm¸I>¯È¸Qf¶=
b®Æ *=¸ÉFiÇê>É·£¶=Ê =Í»·²ÁdzJ¶¸I>®Àº 6 U =¹Çie
ÏÆeb¯ª*fEbº¦ðØF¯º¸I>¯ÈÁ?bÉÃn·¶HǾd¶=Á=f«¦¹Çif¶=m=
¹ÇieÀ¢Pbģľ?Ìa>J®À¢Ìa>J®ÊE?ÀE=bF¢°Èf{Àº¼·jº
¸vª?>EÁ>Ý=Æ(=¸ÉFia>Ã=Á?¼f²dª¼Ãɪ½>®Ä¾? 6 U=
fò«³àI=¸ÉFiàK·åJ®î ÁCKÈ=e?6=¹Çie>ȹ>¯ª¸Qe½>¯ª(¹>»¢Ù=
K¾?Æ (= ¸ÉFi ßK·åJ®î ÁC ¼£¾ 6 U = ¹Çie Ķ ¹>¯ª ; Ë>È>ì] ¢
6¹>® ; K·® ¬É² 6 U = ¹Çie ¹>® ¼M (fEbº ¦ ¸F¯º GjJ fE>q
¼£¾6 U=¹Çie¹>¯ª; Ë>È>ì]¢fò«³I?=¸ÉFiàK·åJ®î ÁC(KÈ?e?
ʶ¹>®½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¸ÈQÁDªÀáÈçb¶=ò×CfEbº¦¸F¯º(GjJfE>qK¾?Æ
H=ÇMĶkɶÆ(ÄEǾcÄ¿¢f«³I×ð=fEbº¸I>®ÁCľ?=d½ÇëºÆ ´¶c
-22
Hd£Èľ? U¹Çif¶=ÀçÉEb®Í£»j¶=¸QÙ¸I>¯ÈËd¶=Á?η¢ *bÉÃn¶=
ÊE?À¢l>¿¶=±f«I6¹>®e>jÈÀEÁ>»É·iÀ¢¼·jºÏÆe *=ðbÉÃmÅ>Æ
¹ÇieÀºÄJ£ð>NÈbU>¿MbU_Én¶=>ÃÈ?6½>n¶=¸Â?à¸Iå>¾Ä¶¹>¯ªÌfÈfÂ
½ÇÈÎv¯Èl>¿¶=¹Æ?ÁC 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£¼£¾6¹>® U=
>ÃɪK·»¢>»ª6¹>®>êf£ªÄ»£¾Äªfä £ª(ÄEÊI@ªbÃnJi=¸QeÄÉ·¢Íº>ɯ¶=
¹>¯È ÁÙ K·I>® ´¿³¶Æ KEd² 6¹>® (LbÃnJi= ÎJU ´Éª K·I>® 6¹>®
f]AC e>¿¶=ʯ¶?ÎJUÄÃQÆη¢GVjªÄEfº?¼M(¸É®b¯ªÐËfQ
bÉÃn¶=½>³U?d]?ǶÆÍ£»j·¶¸I>®ÀºÁ?η¢¹bÈ=dê *OÈb=
*Hd£È¸E(bÉÃn¶=H=ÇMĶÁdzÈ×ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈÄ¿³¶Æ>ɾb¶=
= Í»·² ÐØ¢Ý e>«³¶= ¸I>® Àº Çê Ìf]Û=Æ >ɾb¶= bÉÃm >º?
½?Hf=aØFE¹>J¯¶=Á>²?Ð=Çi(e>«³¶=Æ»·j=EͲf£º¸J®Æ
1"XSÙ%U ©#k¯\y r¯Û SÉ °)É WÛÏ° ÛWÙ_ÙVU% YXT @6>£I¹>® *½ØiÝ=aØFE
įULÐ>QËd¶=ÇÂbÉÃn¶==dÂÆ *> WDSÉ\w×mÄc Ô2¯I¯PXq \i<°Ã ÎÄXjÕOU ×#W
\fQÀº´¶d²Æ(e>«³¶=¤ºHfU¸J®ÀsJÇÂÆ*ÍÉ¢fm½>³U?
¸J®À»²J£ÈͲf£=ÄUfQËd¶=ÄUfQÀºL>º¼MͲf£=
¸J®Àºð=bÉÃmJ£ÈتÄÉ·¢Æ *=ðbÉÃmJ£Èت´¶c=b¢Àº>º? *Ͳf£=
L>º¼MÄUfQÀºÊ«m¼MͲf£=\fQÀº×Æ(Ì>§F¶=¤ºHfU
(ÊUľ?>£I=Ä¿¢]?Ëd¶=Æ(Íq>]½>³U?ĶËd¶=bÉÃn¶>ª(Ä¿º
Ͳf£=\fQÀºÆ(=Í»·²ÐØ¢Ýe>«³¶=¤ºÍ²f£º¸J®ÀsJ
*=dÂÄUfQÀºL>ºÆ
ĺaÀªbȸE(À«³È×Ƹj§È׾?eDzd=bÉÃn¶=¼³UÆ
½b¢>º? *fªcÙ=´j>²ÄºaÍVÑ=eÆͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈO£FÈbÉÃn¶=ÁÙ *ÄE>ÉMÆ
-23
Á>² U =¹ÇieÁC 6¹>®fE>QÀ¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe>»·ªbÉÃn¶=¸j¦
ð=d]? fN²? ¼ÃÈ? 6¹Ç¯È ¼M (bU=Æ HÇM bU? ηJ® Àº ·Qf¶= E ¤»
η¢ bÉÃm >¾? 6¹>®Æ (bV·¶= ĺb® >»ÂbU? C Ķ m? =cDª ; ÁAf¯·¶
¿¶=Á?bÙÆ ¼Ã·j§ÈƼÃÉ·¢¸rÈÆ(¼ÃÑ>ºbE¼Ã¿ªbEfº?Æ(Ð×ÖÂ
ð>³jº\ǫȽa¸²Æ?(\fQ¸²ÁDª¼ÂÇ·j§I× 6bU?ηJ®¹>®U
Ð=bÃm¹>® U¿¶=Á?ÊÑ>j¿¶=ÏÆeÆ *¼ÃÉ·¢¸rÈÆ(ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ
ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ ÊI@È×C=¼·³È¼·²kɶľDª(¼ÃÑ>ºbE¼ÂÇ·ºg 6bU?
U ¿¶=Á? 6k¾?À¢Æ *´j=XÈeÄeÆ(½b¶=ÁǶľǶ(κbÈ
¸j§È>»²Æ *Åb¿jºÊ£ª>n¶=Å=Æe ¼Ã·j§ÈÆbU?ηJ®Î·¢¸rÈ
(É]Ʊb¿=Ð=bÃm¸j§È´¶d²Æ(ebEÐ=bÃm¸j§ÈbU?Ð=bÃm
(KÉ= À«³È >»² bÉÃn¶= À«³È × ´¶d²Æ *¸j§È × bÉÃn¶= Á? fê
6bU? Ð=bÃm U = ¹Çie ¹Ç¯¶ ÄÉ·¢ Ê ¶= ÄE>ÉNE À«³È >CÆ
¹ÇieÁ? 6l>F¢ÀE=ÏÆe>Æ *b?Å=Æe ¼ÃÑ>ºaƼúǷ³E¼ÂÇ·ºg
¼ÃÑ>ºbE=Ç¿ªbÈÁ?ÆaÇ·=ÆbÈb=¼Ã¿¢¥h[¿ÈÁ?bU?ηJ¯Efº? U =
(ÄÉ·¢ ηrÈ Á? hÑ>Rª bÉÃn¶= η¢ ÌØr¶= >º? *aÆ=a ÇE? Å=Æe ¼ÃE>ÉMÆ
LaeÆ Ä¾Úª bÉÃn¶= η¢ ηrÈ Á? g=ÇQ >º? *ÄÉ·¢ ηrÈ × Á? hÑ>QÆ
η¢ ηqÆ (¼Ã¿ªa b£E bU? ηJ® η¢ Îò·q U ¹Çif¶= Á? L>È=Æe
6fº>¢ÀEÍF¯¢À¢Ëe>^F¶=Ê«ª *Ͳf£=¸J®¸Qeη¢Î·qÆ(Ìh
¥aÇ>² Kɺ η¢ ÄIØq ¿i Á> b£E bU? ηJ® η¢ Îò·q U ľ?
Eh¶= ÀE= À¢ ʾ>£= \fm ËÆ>Vì¶= Tf]?Æ *L=ǺÙ=Æ Ð>ÉUÚ¶
Ê·rɪ(¼Âfm>¢Ìh(Í£jJEÎIÖÈÁ>²U=¹ÇieÁ? ÀjUa>¿iDE
U¿¶=H>Vq?Àº¸QeÀ¢½ØiÊE?À¢aÆ=aÇE?ÏÆeÆ *¼ÃÉ·¢
-24
ÄEfvª¼Ã¿ºðØQe»·j=Àº¸QeG·ìªÍ¿ÉÃQÀºÊUη¢>¾f¦? 6¹>®
(»·j= fn£º >È ¼²Ç]? 6 U = ¹Çie ¹>¯ª (Äj«¾ H>q?Æ Å@ì]@ª
ÄÉ·¢Î·qÆÄÑ>ºaÆÄE>ÉNEU=¹ÇieÄ«·ªL>ºb®ÅÆbQǪl>¿¶=ÅebJE>ª
Ådê *bÉÃm Ķ >¾?Æ (¼£¾ ¹>® ; Ç bÉÃm? = ¹Çie >È =Ƕ>¯ª *Ä¿ªaÆ
ηrÈ bÉÃn¶= Á@E Ͷ×b¶= Ífq ÊÂÆ (ÍJE>M OÈa>U? ÍMØN¶= OÈa>UÙ=
*ÄÉ·¢
Ïf]?L>È=ÆeLaeÆľڪbÉÃn¶=η¢Î·rÈ×Á?g=ÇQ>º?Æ
À¢Ëdº¶=ÆaÆ=aÇE?ÏÆe b¯ª *bÉÃn¶=η¢ ¸rÈ U ¹Çif¶=Á?
À¢b?ÏÆeÆ ¼Ã·j§ÈÆbU?ηJ®Î·¢¸rÈ U ¿¶=Á? 6k¾?
ÏÆeÆ *¼ÃÉ·¢¸rÈƼÃÑ>ºbE=Ç¿ªaÆ=Ç·j§ÈbU?Ð=bÃmÁ? 6k¾?
U ¿¶= Á>² 6¹>[®>»Ã¿¢=Êue=bF¢ÀEf[E>[QÀ¢Ëe>[^F¶=
ð=d]? fN²? ¼ÃÈ? 6¹Ç¯È ¼M bU=Æ HÇM bU? ηJ® Àº ·Qf¶= E ¤»
η¢ bÉÃm >¾? 6¹>®Æ (bV·¶= ĺb® >»ÂbU? C Ķ m? =cDª ; ÁAf[¯·¶
*¼ÃÉ·¢ ¸rÈ Æ =Ç·j§È Æ (¼ÃÑ>ºa ¼Ã¿ªbE fº?Æ (ͺ>ɯ¶= ½ÇÈ Ð×ÖÂ
*ÄÉ·¢Î·rÈ×bÉÃn¶=Á?η¢Í¶×b¶=ÍfqÊÂÆÍJE>MOÈa>UÙ=Ådê
Á@E ¼Ã¿ªa¸F®bU?ηJ®Î·¢ÌØr¶=ÀºaeÆ>»ä ¢Ê£ª>n¶=H>Q?b®Æ
η¢¸rÈ U ¿¶=Á?ÌfI=ÇJº ÅÇQÆÀº Á>É¢>þ@² LÐ>Qe>F]Ù=
U ¿¶= Á? LÆe ¶= Ð=Çi ÍJE>M >÷² OÈa>UÙ= Åd[ê *b[U? ηJ®
Ë?af¶¸ÉFi×Æ *ÄÉ·¢¸[rÈ ¼[¶Ä¾?LÆe¶=Æ?bÉ[Ã[n¶=η¢Î·[q
>»ÂbU? XÉQ¶ ¸ÉFi ×Æ *ÍÈ=eaÆ ÍÈ=Æe ÄE SJ[ > ľÙÆ ÄIÇ[F[N¶ >ÿº
´Ò¶Æ? η¢ ÌØr¶= ¥>¯ÈC À¢ ÍE>Vr¶= Í·«¦ b[£FÈ Ä¾Ù f[]Û= η¢
ð>JE>MÁ>²>ºØ]η¢¤®=Ƕ=µ¶=À¢¼ÃJ·«¦ð>vÈ?b£FÈ>»²(Ð=bÃn¶=
-25
×Æ ; f]Û=η¢>ÂbU?XQfȬɳª *L=ǺÙ=η¢ÌØr¶=Àº UÄ¿¢
Ç bÉÃn¶= η¢ ÌØr¶= KFNI ¶= OÈa>UÙ= ÌØr¶>E a=f= Á= ¹>¯È
ÍÉ¢fn¶= °Ñ>¯= ÁÙ ´¶c ¹>¯È × *>¢a ο£ ηq ĶǮ Ádzɪ Ð>¢b¶=
a=f=ÁdzÈÁ?¼JVJɪͿÈf®afI>¿ÂÆ*Í¿Èf®afI>ºÍÈǧ·¶=η¢Íºb¯º
η¢ ÌØr¶= OÈa>U? ÁC ¹>¯È ×Æ *KÉ= η¢ ÍÉ¢fn¶= ÌØr¶= ÌØr¶>E
ηJ®Î·¢ÌØr¶=ÇÂÆ>ÂbU?ÁÙ(ÄÉ·¢ÌØr¶=½b¢OÈa>U?_j¿IKÉ=
ÍÈ=ÆeaeÆľÙ(OÈa>UÙ=¤ÉÀ¢f]@JºÄ¾?KFM¿iÁ>b£EbU?
f]@IÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È×*=ÄvF®ÎJUTfÆÄJÉE¸]a¼M 6Á>FUÀE=
¼Ã«ÈÏf]?Í¿Èf®ÀºbE׸E(_j¿¶=η¢Í¶×b·¶Ê«³È×ÅbUÆOÈb=
(ÌJ£º>÷²L>È=Æf¶=ίFJª*Äɪ_j¾ØªÍ¿Èf®bQÇI×>¿ÂÆ(_j¿¶=>ÿº
U¹Çif¶=Á?ÆfÈÆ(hÑ>QbÉÃn¶=η¢ÌØr¶=½b¢Á?η¢¸»Æ
¸»>»²*É]ηJ®Î·¢×Æ(±b¿=ηJ®Î·¢×Æ(ebEηJ®Î·¢Î·q
ÌØr¶=Àºl>¿¶=¤¿×Æ(´¶cÐÊmتÐ=bÃn¶=η¢Î·q=cCľ?η¢
*¼ÃÉ·¢
=¹>®*ÁAf¯¶=s¿EÍ¿>EĶaÇÃnºÄ¾Ùð=bÉÃmbÉÃn¶=Ê>CÆ
¿2ÀIV EU
¯ 1ÈNPXSÙ%U XT Ô2ÀI_ÁÝ5U WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù |¦°% sXn\,Õ D¯ @6>£I
¼·jºÏÆeÆ *> |ESÉ W)ÙÄcXT WDSÉ È*ÙXjVÙ ©#k¯\y r¯Û |ESÉ °*VÄc VR<\HÙ
Í¿= 6¹>® ; K·Jî® ÁC = ¹Çie >È >¾? ÀÈ? 6¸Qe ¹>® 6¹>®fE>QÀ¢
¿·¶¸Qe¹>®bÈÇiOÈbUÆ*¸Jî®ÎJU¸I>®¼MÅbÈÀ²L=fί¶@ª
ÄE>Vq?Æ°·ì¾= U =¹ÇieÁ? ´¶>ºÀE k¾?À¢Æ (bU?½ÇÈ U
× 6 U=¹Çie¹>¯ªÁDzfn=Ð>QÆebEC²fn==ǯFiÎJU
¹Çie ¹>¯ªÁDzfn=>¾bª *ľÆa>¾?ÁDz?ÎJUÐÊmC¼³¿ºbU?Àºb¯È
-3,
ÀE »¢ ¹Ç¯È ¹>® *zeÙ=Æ L=Ç»j¶= >Ãuf¢ Í¿Q C =ǺǮ 6 U =
*¼£¾ 6¹>® ; zeÙ=ÆL=Ç»j¶=>Ãuf¢Í¿Q (=¹Çie>È 6Ëe>r¾Ù=½>»=
× 6¹>® *_E_E´¶Ç®Î·¢´·»>º 6 U =¹Çie¹>¯ª *_E_E¹>®
*>÷Â? Àº ´¾Dª 6¹>® *>÷Â? Àº ÁDz? Á? ÌÐ>Qe ò×C = ¹Çie >È =Æ
¸²AÎJUKÉÉU>¾?ÀÒ¶ 6¹>®¼M Àÿº¸²@ȸ£RªÄ¾f®ÀºL=fTf]@ª
¸J®ÎJU¼Ã·I>® ¼Mf»J¶=ÀºÄ£ºÁ>²>κfªÍ·ÈÇ{Ì>É>þCÅdÂÊI=f
Ì>ÉU>º?Æ*Í¿>EbÉÃn·¶ =bÃmb®U=¹ÇieÆ>£I>ª*¼·jºÅ=Æe
r¯Û SÉ °)É WÛÏ° ÛWÙ_ÙVU% YXT @ 6>£I ¹>® ÁAf¯¶= s¿E ÍJE>M Êê bÉÃn¶=
Ä1ÀIV"XÄ \-¯ WÛÜ°O®mVÙ §ª¯²¨ WDSÉ\w×mÄc Ô2¯I¯PXq \i<°Ã ÎÄXjÕOU ×#W 1"XSÙ%U ©#k¯\y
Ï×S\\ YU ×1¯I°ÝÚ \\ ÕC°K% 1¯M® SÁ\UÚ Wc ×1V WÛÏ°¯ WDTÄn¦×W*ÔRdXT ° ®Õ²VÙ C°%
DU XT#Õ²VÙXT]C°K%R\-ØÈ°=¯WDTÄn¦×W*ÔRd
§ª°©¨|ESÈ5XsÔUWc×1ÉFYXT×1¯M×nQ WÆ
× ÍÉFɦ Ì>ÉU Ê Ð=bÃn·¶ Ì>É= ÅdÂÆ *> WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù XmÕBU ÀÌj¦²Äc Y
µeb¾×>¿²ÁCÆÀÆ *aÇ·=>¢>þÙ>ÃEf£n¾×ÆÀ>òeb¾
µeb¾ ×Æ (>ÂaÇQÇE ÀºÖ¾ >¿¿³¶Æ (>ÃE f£n¾ ×Æ (Ð=bÃn·¶ Ì>É= ÅdÂ
¹>®Ê£ì¯¶=ÁAf¯¶=s¿EÍJE>M>þÙ(Ê»JUfº?>ÂaÇQÇE>¿¾>CÆ *>ÃJ¯É¯U
YC¦VXT ·ÄXkÕOU ×#W 1XSÙ%U ©#k¯\yr¯Û Ä#W)ÙÄcC\-°SÅSÁV" YXT@6>£I
¸vª>º? *>ÃEÁ>Ý=G¶=L>Fɧ=ÀºÐ=bÃn¶=Ì>ÉUÆ *> |ETÄmÄÈÕQ#
*OÈa>U?Ìb¢ UÄ¿çÉEb®Æ(¸vªÄ¶b£È׼ɢ¸vªÇêÐ=bÃn¶=
¿¶=À¢Ä¿¢= Êue´¶>ºÀEk¾?K£6¹>®Ìa>J®À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe
η¢ >º Ä¶Æ >ɾb¶= C ¤QfÈ Á? G Í¿= ¸]bÈ bU? Àº >º 6¹>® U
>L=fºfn¢¸J¯Éª>ɾb¶=C¤QfÈÁ?ο»JÈbÉÃn¶=ò×CÐÊmÀºzeÙ=
U >¿ÉF¾>¾]? 6ÍF£mÀȨ=¹>®Æ 6Ëe>^F¶=Æ *ͺ=f³¶=ÀºÏfÈ
-3-
kɶ? 6 U¿·¶f»¢¹>®Æ *Í¿= C e>q>¿º ¸J® Àº >¿Ee Ͷ>ie À¢
ÀE Æf»¢ ÀE = bF¢ À¢Æ *ηE 6¹>® e>¿¶= ¼ÂØJ®Æ Í¿= >¾ØJ®
Å=Æe *ÀÈb¶=ò×CG¾c¸²bÉÃn·¶f«§È 6¹>® U=¹ÇieÁ?t>£¶=
ÐÊm¸²fù«³àÈ=¸ÉFi¸J¯¶= 6¹>® U¿¶=Á?ð>vÈ?ÏÆeÆ *¼·jº
6¹>® U ¿¶= À¢ ÌfÈf ÊE? À¢ ¼·jºÆ Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆeÆ *ÀÈßb¶= ò×C
°ÈbrIÆÄ·ÉFia>ÃQò×CÄJÉEÀºÄQf×Ä·ÉFibÂ>QÀ=¸«³I
Àº¹>¾>º¤º Ä¿º Tf]Ëd¶=Ä¿³jºCÄ£QfÈÆ?Í¿=Ä·]bÈÁ@EÄJ»·²
Ð>Qò×C=¸ÉFi¼·³È¼ï·í²Àº>ºÅbÉEb»k«¾Ëd¶=Æ *ͻɿ¦ÆfQ?
k«¾ Ëd¶=Æ *´jº XÈe ÄeÆ (½a ÁǶ ľǶ߼已î U ÄJÒÉò ͺ>ɯ¶= ½ÇÈ
×Æ(¢=Ç«·^JÈÁ?¼ÃiÇ«¾GÉìI׿ºÖ=Àºð×>QeÁ?×ǶÅbÉEb»
k«¾ Ëd¶=Æ *= ¸ÉFi Æb§I ÍÈfi À¢ K«· >º (ÄÉ·¢ ¼Ã·? >º bQ?
¼M(¸J®?¼M>ÉU?¼M(¸J®?¼M>ÉU?¼M(=¸ÉFi¸J®?Á?LaaǶÅbÉEb»
*¸J®?¼M>ÉU?
-3.
>Eëf¶=
*»·j»·¶ >ðÈǯº f§N¶= ͺ>®Ý= ÇÂÆ (>Ef¶= a>Ã= ¤E=ÇI Àº
Ìe>F£EÆ *¼Ã«ÉÆ Æb£¶= Ä·Â? ¬É Æb£¶= aÆbU η¢ Á>³º ¸² f§N¶=Æ
½>¯=ÇÂ>Ef¶=Àºa=f=Æ *½ØiCÅÐ=eÆkɶËd¶=Á>³=ÇÂÏf]?
Á>³ºË?ͺ>®Ý=Æ *»·j=À¢e>«³¶=fm¤ªaÆ(ÀÈb¶=g=h¢ÝeǧN¶=
>EeÀº>Ef¶=¸q?ÁÙ(ð>{>EeJ£ÈÄ£ªabr¯EÄɪÆb£¶=½ÇR¤®ÇJàÈ
¦°%XT QSÉ C°K% 2È)ØÈV¼W*Ôy % 1ÀIV Tri°ÃU XT @6>£IĶǮae=Ƕ=¸É=
ÁÇìEfÈÐ×ÖÂÁÙ > ×1ÁTÀiWÃXT TÀiWà °O¯ |ESÈ°F×mÉ" ©#Ùk\¼Ù ¦¾W®Jq
(f§N¶>E ½>¯= Ê»jª (ÄFU>r¶ b£È ¸² ¼ÇÉ] ÁÇìEfÈ Ð×ÖÂÆ (¼ÇÉ]
ÍçÉ¿EeǧN¶>E½>®?À»ª=dÂη¢Æ*¸É]ÄɪÀ³ÈÁCÆ(ð>{>EeÄɪο³j¶=Æ
Ä¿³jÈËd¶=Ä¿³jºË?(Ä¿{ÆÁ>³=Á>²?Ð=Çi(ð>ìE=fºJ£ÈÆb£¶=¤ªa
¤ªaÍçÉ¿E¸E(×½?Ä¿{ÆÁ>³=ÁdzEkɶ Ì£¶=ÁÙ(À³È½?(Ìa>¢
À¢ ¤ªa >Ef¶= ÁÙ (F² ÅfQ?Æ (¼É¢ >Ef¶= ¸vªÆ *ÄJª>]CÆ Æb£¶=
¸q? >Ef¶=Æ *Æh§¶= ¸ÂÙÆ f§N¶= ¸ÂÙ ÌÇ®Æ (¼ÃfU À¢Æ (»·j=
aeÆ b¯ª *tÇr¾ Ìb¢ >Ef¶= ¸vª LaeÆ b®Æ (Ä¢fªÆ a>Ã=
U=¹ÇieK£6¹>®Ä¿¢=ÊueÁ>»·iOÈbUÀº¼·jºXÉVq
L>º ÁCÆ (ĺ>É®Æ fÃm ½>Éq Àº ] = ¸ÉFi Í·É¶Æ ½ÇÈ >Ee 6¹Ç¯È
ÏÆeÆ*Á>J«¶=Àº?Æ(Ä®geÄÉ·¢ËfQ?Æ(Ä·»£ÈÁ>²Ëd¶=Ä·»¢ÄÉ·¢ ÏfQ
=¸ÉFið>ìE=fºL>ºÀºÆ*** 6¥ÇªfºOÈbUL>¯Mb¿jEʾ=ì¶=
ÁC 6¹>®½Øj¶=ÆÌØr¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¿¢Íº>º?ÊE?À¢Æ ²Ù=¥h«¶=ÀºßÀºí?
Àº ¸vª? Äɪ ¼Âeb¶=Æ e>¿Èb¶= ͯ«¾Æ (ÌØq ÍÑ>»j ¹b£I E=f= ÌØq
-3/
ÀEͶ>vªÀ¢Æ*Á>Ý=G£mʯÃÉF¶=Å=ÆeŦį«¿Èe>¿ÈaÍÑ>»£Fi
×C Ä·»¢ η¢ ¼J^àÈ Kɺ ¸² 6¹Ç¯È U = ¹Çie K£ 6¹>® bÉF¢
Í¿JªÀº@ÈÆ(ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈCÄ·»¢Ä¶Ç»¿ÈľDª=¸ÉFið>ìE=fºL>ºËd¶=
*Ëdº¶=Å=Æe¯¶=
Æ?縮>EeÇê>Ef¶=ÍçÉ¿E>ú>®?Ìbº¸³ª(fN³ÈƸ¯È>Ef¶=Æ
C¼·j=¸UfÈÁ?¸vªÙ=Æ*ͷɶƽÇÈ>Ee 6 U¿¶=¹>®=dÆ(fN²
ο³i¬·j¶=ÀºN²e>J]= ¼MÀºÆ *>ðìE=fºÁdzÈÎJU>ÿ³jɶeǧN¶=
¼ÃJɾK¾>²=cCìE=fº¼ÂbUÆf§N¶=¸Â?J£ÈÆ *ìE=fº=ǾdzɶeǧN¶=
ÍÈ>«² ¼ÂbUÆ ¼ÃE ¸r K¾>² =cCÆ (ÄJª>]=Æ Æb£¶= ¤ªa ο³j¶= Àº
J£ÈÆ *>Ee>»Ãªð>vÈ?ÅÐ=eÆËd¶=f§N¶>E×C¸r×K¾>²=cCÆ(¤ªb¶=
(ð>{>Ee ÄJª>]=Æ Æb£¶= ¤ªa >ÃE ¸r ¶= ¼ÂaØE »·j= ο³i
*ìE=fºÁǾdzÈÆ
ðØvª >Ãɪ ÁDª (= ¸ÉFi lf= = ¸ÉFi ÍìE=f= ¸NºÆ
>»Ãj×Á>¿É¢ 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£6¹>®l>F¢ÀE=À¢ *=ðF²
*Ëdº¶=Å=Æe=¸ÉFilfKI>E¢Æ(=ÍÉn]ÀºK³E¢e>¿¶=
ͷɶlfU 6¹Ç¯È U =¹ÇieK£6¹>®Ä¿¢=ÊueÁ>»N¢À¢Æ
*b?Å=Æe>Âe>þ½>rÈÆ(>÷ɶ½>¯Èͷɶ¬¶?Àº¸vª?=¸ÉFi
-30
ʺØ[iÝ=oÉ=
E ×Æ (°i>«¶=Æ Ê¯J¶= E ±fª × »·j= η¢ zfª a>Ã=
tÇr¿¶=Æ*ͺ>¢LÐ>Q¹>J¯¶=L>ÈALÐ>QUÆ*°ª>¿=ÆÁ>Ý=±a>r¶=
¸É¶aË?afÈÆ*>Ãrrt>]¸É¶aafÈ>ºÍº>¢Î¯FIͺ>¢LÐ>Q=cC
η¢Æ *ͺ>¢tÇr¿¶=KɯFª(bU?ÁÆa»·j=ÀºbU@Ea>Ã=sr
ÁÇ·I>¯ÈÀºÆ±>j«¶=ÆÁǯª>¿=ʺØiÝ=oÉ=b¿Á?gÇľDª´¶c
Æ (Ð=b¢Ù= ¹>J® ®a>r¶= ¿ºÖ= ¤º Ð×Ö aÇQÆ g=ÇQ >º? *ÍÉ
l?fE Á>£Ji= U ¹Çif¶= ÁÙÆ (a>Ã= L>ÈA ½Ç»£·ª ʺØiÝ= oÉ=
Ä£ºfvUÆ(L=Æh§¶=x£EÄ£ºfvUÆ(¹>J¯¶=äÊE?ÀE=bF¢¯ª>¿=
Ác?U¹Çif¶==GI>¢Æ*Ͳf£=¸F®bU?½ÇÈÍÉEf=L=e>nJi×=
]1° \=Wà [ÝWà @6>£I¹>¯ª(µÇFI¹>J¯¶=À¢¬·^J¶>E¯ª>¿»·¶
>º?Æ *> |ÚܯªkVÙ ]0Q ØÈV"XT SÉ\i_ |ÚÏ° \V WÛÜWW*Wc ³/[O Ô2ÀIV _05°lU
fº? 6¹>®ÌfÈfÂ>E?Á?GÉj=ÀEbÉ£iÏÆe>Æ(L>ÈÛ=½Ç»£·ª±>j«¶=
ÁCÆ(Í»·jºk«¾×CÍ¿=¸]bÈ׾?l>¿¶=Ïa>¿ªð×ØEU=¹Çie
Àºzfªa>Ã=ÁÙÆ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe fQ>«¶=¸Qf¶>EÀÈb¶==dÂbÈÖɶ=
Àº ¼·jº ÇÂÆ °i>«¶= η¢ d«¿I =cDª (Í«É·= >Âd«¿È ¶= zÆf«¶=
*gÇ×½=fUÇÂÆ(=½>³U?Àº¼³UdÉ«¿J¶ð>²fI´¶cÁ>²»·j=
*Ð=ÇjEÐ=ÇiÐ>ɯIÙ=η¢d«¿È>»²(±>j«¶=η¢a>Ã=d«¿ÈÁ?GQÆ=dÆ
-31
¹>J¯¶=e>ò«³¶>E;>£Ji×=
K=ǾdzÈÁ?fnEÆ(ð=a=fª?¼Ã«qÇEe>«³¶>EÁ>£JjàÈÁ?gÇ
Ð=Çi Ë? (ɺc ¦ Æ? ɺc ¼Ã¾Ç² À¢ f¿¶= x§E (ÍɺØiÝ= ÍÈ=f¶=
Í«Ñ>ì²¼ÃE;>£Ji×=>º? *=ǾdzȽ?(ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=>È>¢eÀº=Ǿ>²?
Á? ½fVɪ (ð>¯·ìº gÇ Øª ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶= À¢ ¸¯Jjº Á>ɲ > Í¿É£º
e>«³¶>E;>£Ji×=g=ÇQη¢¸É¶b¶=Æ*Í·¯JjºÍ¶Æa¼Ã«qÇE¼ÃEÁ>£JjÈ
ÇÂÆ bU? ½ÇÈ U = ¹ÇieH>Vq? ¤º Tf] Á>ºh® Á? 6=ða=fª?¹>J¯¶=
ÁC 6 U¹>®ÎJU(²fn=Ð=Ƕͷe=b¶=bF¢EÀºÍMØM¸J¯ª(µfnº
Í¢=h]Í·ÉF®Á=Æ(Äe>IËì¶=Å=ÆefQ>«¶=¸Qf¶>EÀÈb¶==dÂeg@ɶ=
× dÒ¿ÉU Í¢=h] K¾>²Æ (oÈf® ÍEe> XJ«¶= ½>¢ U ¿¶= ¤º KQf]
=Ç£ªe=Æ (Í¢=h] fn£º >È 6 U = ¹Çie > ¹>® ÎJU (Ͳfnº ¹=hI
>÷² OÈa>UÙ= Ådê *b? Å=Æe ¤¯È Á? fN² b¯ª (¸J¯¶= À¢ ¼³ÈbÈ?
η¢ Ë? (ð=a=fª? e>«³¶>E ;>£Ji×= g=ÇQ η¢ Ífq Ͷ×a ¹bI ÍVÉVq
ľ?×C *»·j=¤ºÆb£¶=¸I>¯È»·j=oÉQfª>³¶=ÁdzÈÁ?g=ÇQ
a>Ã=ÁÙ(¹>J¯¶=η¢×Æ(oÉ=fª>³¶=ÁdzÈÁ?η¢×
eb®Ä¶Îì£ÈË?(Ķ_ufÈÀ³¶Æ(ͻɿ§¶=ÀºÎì£È×Æ(ÄÉ·¢ð>ufªkɶ
oÉQÁdzÈÁ?Ë?(»·j=¤ºHe>Á?fª>³¶=G·{=cDª *¹>=Àº
Á>² =cC oÉ= ͺb= ÊU=Ǿ Àº ÍÉU>¾ ¸² ´¶c gÇ »·j=
¸F®U ¿¶=Tf] 6K¶>®ÍnÑ>¢À¢aeÆ>º>º? *Åeb¦În×ð>®ÇMǺ
\f«ª(ÌbÆÌ?fQÄ¿ºf²dÈÁ>²b®¸QeIJea?ÌfEǶ=Ìäf}Á>²>»·ªebE
KÒQ 6 U = ¹Çif¶ ¹>® IJea? >»·ª (ÅÆ?e U U ¹Çif¶= H>Vq?
-32
(×6¹>®Ä¶ÇieÆ>EÀºÖI 6 U =¹ÇieĶ¹>¯ª(´£ºGÉq?Æ´£FI×
ÌfRn¶>E >俲î =cC ÎJU Îvº ¼M 6K¶>® (µfn £Ji? À·ª (¤Qe>ª 6¹>®
¹Æ?¹>®>»² U ¿¶=Ķ¹>¯ª(Ìfº¹Æ?¹>®>»²Ä¶¹>¯ª(¸Qf¶=IJea?
Ķ¹>¯ª(Ð=bÉF¶>EIJea@ª¤Qe¼M6¹>®(µfn£Ji?À·ª¤Qe>ª6¹>®(Ìfº
6 U =¹ÇieĶ¹>¯ª *¼£¾6¹>® ; ĶÇieÆ>EÀºÖIÌfº¹Æ?¹>®>»²
Á>£Ji=Uľ?KE>N¶=¤ºze>£JÈ×OÈb==dÂÁDª*¼·jºÅ=Æe°·ì¾>ª
6¹>®Ä¾DªÍ»É¿§¶=d]@ÈÆHe>Á?m=¸Qf¶==dÂÁÙ´¶cÆ(²fn
¸»Vɪ ì»·j»·¶ ×C Îì£I × Í»É¿§¶=Æ ´£º GÉq?Æ ´£FIÙ KÒQ
=ða=fª?e>«³¶>E;>£Ji×=Á?η¢¸»>»²´¶cη¢ÄE;>£Ji×=¿¶=xªe
GÉFà]À¢aeÆ>º>º?Æ*xªeÐ>mÁCÆ(Á>£Ji=Ð>mÁCÍ«É·=fºÙͶDzǺ
(ð=Æh¦bÈfÈÇÂÆU=¹ÇieKÉI? 6¹>®ÅbQÀ¢ÄÉE?À¢Àf¶=bF¢ÀE=
×ð=bÃnº>¿ºÇ®bÃnÈÁ?ÊÉVJj¾>¾C 6>¿·¯ª(¼·j¾ÆʺǮÀº¸QeÆ>¾?
η¢²fn>E£Jj¾Øª6¹>®(×6>¿·® ; >»J»·i?Æ?6¹>®(¼Ã£ºÅbÃn¾
Á?η¢¸»OÈb==dÂÁDª*b?Å=ÆeÄ£º>¾bÃmÆ>¿»·i@ª(²fn=
(xªe Ð>m ÁCÆ (Á>£Ji= Ð>m ÁC Í«É·= Ë?f¶ ͶDzǺ e>«³¶>E ;>£Ji×=
(ebE;>£Ji×=xªeÆ(ͳºXJª Á>£Ji=Æ(bU@EÁ>£Ji=¹Çif¶=Æ
¹Çif¶=Ádzª*>»·i?ÎJUÄ£ºËd¶=¸Qf¶=ÆGÉF]b|;>£Ji×=xªeÆ
ľ? Ä¿¢ KFMÆ (¼Âf«² η¢ ¼ÂÆ e>«³¶= Àº a=fª@E Á>£Ji= ľ? Ä¿¢ KFM
Àº a=fª@E ;>£Ji×= Á? η¢ ¸É¶a (=Ç»·i? ÎJU a=fª@E ;>£Ji×= xªe
(;>£Ji×=¸F®Ð>mÁC(Í«É·=Ë?f¶Í¶Ç²Çº>þ?Æ(ÌhÑ>Q¹>J¯¶=e>«³¶=
lf«I U¿¶=Á?6Ê£ª>n¶=s¾À¢Ê¯ÃÉF¶=f²cb®Æ *>ÃvªeÐ>mÁCÆ
*Ä¿=±çbrª¼ÃºØiCÐ>Qe¼Âafª¼ÂaeÀÈd¶=ÍF¦f¶=
-33
¼Ã«qÇE¹>J¯¶=e>«³¶>EÁ>£JjÈÁ?gÇ׾?η¢¸É¶b¶=>º?
6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®k¾?À¢ÊÑ>j¿¶=Æb?Å=Æe>»·ª(Í·¯JjºÍ¶Æa
Í·ÉF¯²Hf=¼Ã¾>ɲÀ¢ÍÈ>¿²½Ç¯¶=e>¾Æ²fn=e>¿E=ÇÒÉvJjI×
=bF¢ÇE? ª>=>¾]?>ºXÉVr¶=Æ6ʯÃÉF¶=¹>®Æ *ͶÆb²Æ?Í·¯Jjº
=cCÎJU U =¹ÇieTf] 6¹>®Ëb¢>j¶=bÉÊE?CÅb¿jE±>jª
bF¢ÂeÇÂÆ¥>¯¿É®E=Ƕ>® ; Ð×ÖÂÀº6¹>®ÍFÉJ²=cC¥=aǶ=ÍçÉ¿M¬õ·]
¼=ǶǮ6¹>® (¼Ã¿Èaη¢¼Â¸E(×6=Ƕ>® ; =Ç»·i?Æ6¹>®½ØiÀE=
ÀE=bF¢Âeae U¹Çif¶=ÁDª ²fn>E£Jj¾×>ä¾Dª(=Ç£Q·ª
=ÆÐ>QÆ(Ìfª>²ÍFÉJ²Í£»J
Í«Ñ>{=ÆÐ>Q¼Ã¾Ù(¥>¯¿É®EÀº½Øi
(L=bÂ>£º ¹Çif¶= EÆ >ÿÉE ¶= ¥>¯¿É® E Àº ¼Âe>FJ¢>E ¼ÃJÈ=e K
=ÆÐ>Q ¼Ã¾Ç³¶ Á>² ¼Ãvªfª *¼Ãvªe ´¶c ¸Q? ÀºÆ *ͶÆb² K¾>²Æ
UÉ]aÇÃɶ>E;>£Ji×= UĶÇF®¸É¶bE(¼ÃJ¶ÆaƼÃJÈ=eK
bQÆLbQÆ=cCÍÉ¢fmÍ·¢À»vJÈ=dÂbÉÊE?OÈbUÆ *=ða=fª?=ÆÐ>Q
OÈb=s¾ÌfÂ>OÈb=Í·£¶=Æ *¼³=½b¢Kºb¢=cCÆ(¼³=
ÀE=bF¢ÂeÇÂÆ¥>¯¿É®E6=Ƕ>®Ð×ÖÂÀº6¹>®ÍFÉJ²=cC 6¹Ç¯ÈľDª
¸³¶ÁÙ(Í·¯JjºÍÈ=eĶ¸¯JjºoÉQ¼Ã¾?ÍFÉJ²¼Ã¾Ç²Î¿£ºÁDª½Øi
¥>¯¿É® E ÀºÆ (Í·¯Jjº ÍÈ=e > Ìfª>² ÍFÉJ² ¼Ã¾Ç² e>rª *ÍÈ=e ÍFÉJ²
×(¼ÂaeÍ·¢ÇÂL=bÂ>£º¹Çif¶=EƼÿÉE(ͶÆa½>¯¼ÂÀÈd¶=aÇÃɶ=
η¢Æ (´¶c η¢ Ð>¿E =Ç£QfÈ Á? ¼Âfº? ľ? ¸É¶bE (¯ª =ðe>«² ¼Ã¾Ç²
6k¾?OÈbU=dÂbÈÖÈÆ *¯ª½ØiÝ=¼Ãvªeη¢×(½ØiÝ=¼Ãvªe
¹ÇF® ÅbÈÖÈ >»² Á>ɳ¶= η¢ ·jº ľDª ²fn= e>¿E =ÇÒÉvJjI ×
ο£º ÁDª (µfnº ľ? ¤º bU? Í£®Çº k«¾ Á>ºh¯E ;>£Ji×= ¹Çif¶=
-34
Ä«qÇEÄE;>£Ji×=¹ÇF®Æ(ð>¾>ɲīqÇEfª>³¶>E;>£Ji×=xªeÇ´¶c
Æ?(Ìfª>²Í·ÉF®Æ?(Ìfª>²Í«Ñ>ì²e>«³¶>E;>£Ji×=ÁdzI=dÂη¢Æ*=ðafª
Àº ÄQÇE ×Æ gÇ × ¼ÃJ¶Æa Àº ÐhR²Æ (¼ÃJÈ=e KÆ Ìfª>² ͶÆa
ÊÂÆXJ«¶=½>¢oÈf®Î·¢U¿¶=¤ºKQf]Í¢=h]ÁDz>º?Æ*ÅÇQǶ=
(¸¯Jjº Á>ɲ > Í«Ñ>ìE ;>£Ji×= g=ÇQ η¢ ¹bÈ × Ä¾Dª (Í·¯Jjº Í·ÉF®
X·r¶=ÌbÂ>£ºKFJ²UÌfu>UK¾>²ÍÉFÈb=½>¢Í¢=h]Á?´¶cÆ
Á?GU?ÀºÄ¾CÆ 6s¾ÌbÂ>£=aeÆVª(»·j=EÆoÈf®E
oÈf®b¯¢¸]bÈÁ?GU?ÀºÆ(Äɪ¸]aÅbâÆb»b¯¢¸]bÈ
6=Ƕ>¯ªÍ¢=h]KFM=ÇIs¿¶==dÂη¢Ð>¿EÆ*b?Å=ÆeÄɪ¸]a¼ÂbâÆ
oÈf® b¯¢ À 6=Ƕ>¯ª f³E Ç¿E KFM=ÇIÆ (ÅbÃ¢Æ b» b¯¢ À
oÈf® E ¶= ÌbÂ>£= Åd »·j= ¤º Í¢=h] Le>rª *¼ÂbâÆ
*ÌbÂ>£=Gj}ÄJ¶ÆaÀºÍ¢>»R²ÄJÈ>¹Çif¶=>÷]a?Æ(»·j=Æ
ͶÆb¶= Àº ÐhR²Æ »·j= ÍÈ=e K Í·ÉF¯² KEe>U ÁdzI ´¶d¶Æ
>º >º?Æ *Á>ɳ¶>² × a=fªÙ>² ÁǾdzɪ (Í·¯Jjº Í«Ñ>ì² × (ÍɺØiÝ=
*XÉVq§ªÌbÂ>£ºÆ?¬·U¹Çif¶=EÆ>ÿÉEÁ>²Í¢=h]Á?Àº¼ÂÇJÈ
*Í¢=h]EƹÇif¶=E×oÈf®EƹÇif¶=EK¾>²ÌbÂ>£=ÁDª
*>ÿº ÐhR² oÈf® ¤º f³E E Í·ÉF® K·]a ÌbÂ>£= Åd η¢ Ð>¿EÆ
HfUÁdzÈ×ÄÉ·¢Æ*¼Ã¾>ɲÀºÐhR²»·j=¤ºÍ¢=h]Í·ÉF®K·]aÆ
e>«²a=fª?HfU¸E(»·j=¤ºÌfª>²Í«Ñ>{HfU¹Çif¶=¤ºÍ¢=h]
*ÄɪÐÊm×hÑ>Q=dÂÆ(»·j=ÍÈ=eK»·j=¤ºÌfª>²Í·ÉF®
U = ¹Çie K£ 6¹>® f» Ëc À¢ aÆ=a ÇE?Æ b? Å=Æe >º >º?Æ
ľDª¼ÃÑ=eÆÀºð=Æb¢¼ÂƼJ¾?ÁÆh§IÆð>¿ºAð>V·q½Æf¶=ÁÇ>rI 6¹Ç¯È
-35
η¢×(½Æf¶=a=fª?η¢ ¼ÃÑ=eÆÀºð=Æb¢¼ÂƼJ¾?ÁÆh§I 6ĶǮ¸»
X·r¶=Æ ÁÆh§IÆð>¿ºAð>V·q½Æf¶=ÁÇ>rJi 6¹>®Ä¾Ù´¶cÆ(¼ÃJ¶Æa
¼³U K ¼Ç]aÆ ÍÈh= ¼ÇF® b¿¢ ÁÇ³È >C e>«³¶=Æ »·j= E
¼Ã¾ÇEe> ÀÈd¶=e>«³¶==ÆÁ?»·j=fº?b®½ØiÝ=ÁÙ(»·j=
×e>«²¼ÂÆX·r¶=¸rU=cDª(Hf=Æ?ÍÈh=Æ?½ØiÝ=6PØME
Ķǯª *ÍɺØiÝ= ÍÈ=f¶= K ¼Ç]aÆ (ÍÈh= ¤ªa ¹>U ×C ÁdzÈ
bÈÖÈÆ(a=fª?dÒ¿ÉU¼Ãª»·j=ÍÈ=eK¼Ã¾?η¢Í¿Èf®¼Ã¾Ç>rJi
=Ç·JU=Æ ¼ÂǺhÂÆ ¼ÂÇEe>U »·j= ÁDª *½Æf¶= ¤º ¸rU >º ¤®=Æ =dÂ
½Æf¶=He>UÁ?®¤¯ÈÆ(ð=a=fª?»·j=¤º½Æf¶=He>Ub®Æ(¼ÂaØE
´¶c ¸rÆ(¼ÃÑ=eÆÀºð=Æb¢ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=¤ºÍ¶Æa¼Ã«qÇE
GÆͶÆb²×(ð=a=fª?½Æf¶=OÈb>Ea=f=Á?b²ÖÈ>(½>ÈÙ=Àº½ÇÈ
;>£Ji×=g=ÇQη¢¹bȸɶabQÇÈ׾?FJÈ´¶dEÆ(=dÂη¢Ä·
*>ð¯·ìº´¶cg=ÇQ½b¢ÍfqͶaÙ=¸E(ͶÆb²²fn>E
>º?*»·j=¤ºÄj«¿E¸I>¯ÈÁ?fª>³¶>E;>£JiضÍFj¿¶>EÄ·²=dÂ
afªÀº\Øj¶=Á>²?Ð=ÇigÇľDª(Ä¿º\Øj¶=d]@Efª>³¶>E;>£Ji×=
¤? > ľ? ËÆe > *;ǻvº Ìe>¢C ´¶c ÁÇ³È Á? η¢ (ͶÆa Àº Æ?
Íɺ?ÀEÁ=Ç«qb¿¢Á?Ķf²c¼Â>¯·É¶Ág=ÇÂCj¶= U=¹Çie
>¾f¢?Íɺ?>E?>È 6¹>¯ªµfnºdÒºÇÈÇÂÆÄɶC¸ie@ª(ð>UØiÆĶð>¢=ea?
¸E 6¹>® ; b» >È ð>Fr¦? 6Á=Ç«q ¹>¯ª ð=b¦ >¾Æb¢ Äɪ °·¾ =d ´UØi
¥eaÍÑ>ºÅ>ì¢@ª(l@E=dÃEkɶ6¹>¯ª *´É¶C>ÃÈaÖ¾ÎJU;ǻvºÆÍÈe>¢
>÷ ¼ÃÉ«³È Á? Ķ@i U = ¹Çie Á? =Ç»¢hª (\Øj¶= Àº >ÃÉ«³È >
fª>³EÁ>£Ji=¹Çif¶=Á?ÄɪXu=Æ=dê *aÆ=aÇE?ÆÊÑ>j¿¶=Å=Æe ¸£«ª
-4,
af
Á?η¢ *Í·ÉF®kÉÑe ľ?×Cð=afªÁ>²ÁCÆÇÂÆ(Ä¿º \Øj¶=d]@E
\Øj¶=d]@Efª>³¶>E;>£Ji×=g=ÇQη¢¸É¶af[ª>²Àº\Ø[j¶=d[]?
Ê >»² ͶÆb² ÄE ;>£Ji×= ½b¢ sr ¸É¶a afÈ >º >ð¯·ìº Ä¿º
¸Éª (ͶÆa Àº \Øj¶= d]? ¤¿ ¸É¶a afÈ Ä¿³¶Æ *¹>J¯¶>E ;>[£J[i×=
d]?Á?η¢ *Ð=fmÆ?Ìe>¢Cð>¯·ìºfª>³¶=ÀºÅd]?g=ÇQÀºÄ®Ø{Cη¢
d]@E ;>£Ji×= gÇ ÄÉ·¢Æ *ͶÆa Àº >ðF¶>¦ ¸r >C \Ø[j¶= ͶÆb¶=
*Ìfª>²Í¶ÆaÀº\Øj¶=
-4-
h[ÉÃR[I
ʺØ[iÝ=oÉ=
¹>= KÉE ¹>º ÁÙ (¹>= KÉE Àº ʺØiÝ= oÉ= hÉà Ëf
¼É¿IÀºbE×=dÆ *ÀÈg>§¶=hÉÃĶb£ºÇÂ>Æ(»·j=>rb£º
L>»Éj¯ILab£I>»Ãº(Í«É·=Ìa>É®KbU=ÆʺØiCoÉQ·I>¯=
Lab£I >»Ãº bU=Æ Ð=Ƕ K Ä·² ÁÇ³È Á?Æ (ÄI>»É¿I ÊU=Ç¾Æ oÉ=
a=e?=cCÆ(ŦÀº×(¹>=KÉE ÀºoÉR·¶Ä·²hÉÃRJ¶=ÁdzÈÆ *ÄI>È=e
KÉF¶´¶c¤ªbÈľDª¹>=KÉEaÇQƤº(ÀÈbÂ>=Àºð=bU?hÃÁ?bU?
À³ÈÁDª*oÉ=¸Q?ÀºÌF²Æ̧q¸³¶Ä¿ºhÉÃRJ¶=ËfÆ(¹>=
(»·j= À¢ =ÇEdɶ oÉ= hÉà C ÍQ>= KjºÆ (¹>º ¹>= KÉE
Ç > =d ÁÙ (´¶c T>J >º eb¯E »·j= η¢ zf«È Á? Í«É·^··ª
KÉEae=ǺÀº¹>ºÄ¶¹>=KÉEbQÆ=cDª *»·j=¤Éη¢GQ=Æ
»·j= Í«É·]Æ (ͺîÙ= η¢ ÄEÇQÆ XFrɪ ×CÆ (>ÃE Á>² Í»Ñ=b¶= ¹>=
hÉà °«¿È >ºÆ *ÅhÉÃÆ oÉ= η¢ ĪfrE ½Ç¯É¶ ͺîÙ= Àº Ä·r
Ͷ>U oÉ=Á>²? Ð=Çi(=¸ÉFi °«¿ÈËd¶=¹>=ÀºÇÂoÉ=
Côz>ºoÉ=hÉÃÆͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈCz>ºa>Ã=ÁÙ(À³È½?HfU
*¹>J¯·¶½h·È>º¸³Eͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ
-4.
L>È=f¶=ÆÍÈÇ[¶Ù=
ÍÈ=f¶=ÆÐ=Ç·¶=E±f«¶=Æ*L>È=eÆÍÈǶ?oÉR·¶ÁdzÈÁ?ÀºçbE×
¸É® *$¼í·£ß ¶=%Ķ¹>¯ÈÆ(ÄÉ·¢ÏÇ·ÈÆXºf¶=f{b¯£È>ºÐ=Ç·¶=Á?ÇÂ
ã¼^u ¼ã ·í¢ß ÇÂÆ *ÍQ>= b¿¢ ×C fn¿È ت ų¶ ÏÇ·È Ä¾Ù Ð=Ƕ Êå»ià
Îì£àIã¼·í¢ß ÊêÍÈ=f¶=>º? *e=aOÉUÄ£ºeÆbÈ(oÉ=º? ¸ÍºØ¢Æ
b¯£àÈ>º)ÍÈ=f¶=Ë?)ÊÂÆ(L>È=e>ã$Hf=ä½?î%ο³àIÆ(oÉR·¶
*\>Èf¶=į«rIÎJUµÈÆÍÈe>j¶=Æ?(Xºf¶=
*ÄJÈǶ?Æ ÄI>È=e U ¹Çif¶= ½>È? ʺØiÝ= oÉR·¶ Á>² b®Æ
l>¿·¶ÍU=ÆeÀE=Æð=f«£QÆð=bÈgΣ¾ U¿¶=Á?k¾?À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe
f«£Q d]? ¼M (GÉq@ª bÈg ÍÈ=f¶= d]? 6¹>¯ª ¼Â] ¼ÃÉI@È Á? ¸F®
Æh§¶l>¿¶=Hb¾ U¿¶=Á?ËÆàeÆGÉq@ªÍU=ÆeÀE=d]?¼M(GÉq@ª
¼ÃÒ{Æ@ª(´ÉE?¸J¯º¤uǺCáfåi 6¹>¯ªÍº>i?>¢aÆ(f«qf]A½Æf¶=
(¼ÃÉ·¢±ëfUÆ $Îß¿áE?î% ¸Â?η¢ð>U>Fqf¦@ª(oÉ==d´àJáÉõ¶Æb¯ª(¸É=
ÀE=Åf²c ¼ÃɪOF·¶=¸·®@ª(=µfõ«ÁDª(e>F]Ù=°FjIj¶=¥fi?Æ
ͺ>iÙb¯£ªO¶>N¶=½Çɶ=Ä£QÆ U=¹ÇifE?bFª *Ìj¶= ½>nÂ
ÏÆe b®Æ *f>E f³j¢Æ (ÅbÈfE C Ä£ªbª ͺ>i? Åd]@ª (ÅbÉE Ð=Ƕ
=¹Çie=cDªÍ¿Èb=>¿ºb®6¹>®Ëf³F¶=Á>jUÀEPe>=À¢ Ëdº¶=
aÇi L>È=e =cCÆ (¬Éj¶>E b·¯Jº ÄÈbÈ E ¼Ñ>® ¹ØEÆ (¿= η¢ U
Ð>QÆ *Ì=ßh¦í Àºß½bå ®ít>£¶=ÀEÆf»¢6=Ƕ>¯ª; L>È=f¶=ÅdÂ>º(K¶@iÆ
(ĶÇieÆ = GVàÈ ðØQe ÍÈ=f¶= çÀßÉåìá¢Ùî 6¹>® U ¿¶= Á? 6VÉVr¶=
½? ÀE= Á? 6ÊÑ>jß¿¶= b¿¢ k¾? À¢Æ ð>Éä·¢ >Â>ì¢@ª (ĶÇieÆ = ÄFVàÈÆ
-4/
* U¿¶=bÂ>nºx£EÐ=aÇiL>È=eÄ£ºK¾>²½ÇJ³º
(ÄJÈǶ?ÆÄI>È=eĶK¾>² U¿¶=ÀºgoÉ=Á?°Fi>XvJÈ
²?Ð=Ç·¶=Á?Æ(Ð=Ç·¶=Àºf§q?ÍÈ=f¶=Á?FJÈtÇr¿¶=Åd°ɮbJ¶>EÆ
Ð=Ç·¶=Æ (oÉR·¶ Îì£I ÍÈ=f¶=Æ (oÉ= bÑ>¯¶ b¯£È Ð=Ç·¶= Á?Æ (ÍÈ=f¶= Àº
a=Ç®¤ºÁdzIL>È=f¶=Æ(oÉ=bÑ>®Î·¢ÍºØ¢oÉ=f³j£ºÎ·¢ÁdzÈ
(ÌN²L>È=eÄɪoÉ>ª *Í«·J^=oÉ=L=bUƤºÆ(>È=fj¶=ÆGÑ>J³¶=
*f]ܶ>»ÂbU?ÍFj¾OÉUÀº=dÂ*bU=ÆÐ=ǶĶÁdzÈ>»¿ÉE
(Ð=aÇiK¾>² U¹Çif¶=ÍÈ=eÁ?KFMb¯ªÁÇ·¶=OÉUÀº>º?
¹ÇieÍÈ=e K¾>² 6¹>®l>F¢ÀE= À¢Ëdº¶=ÏÆeb¯ª *xÉE?ÅÕ=ǶÆ
U ¿¶= Á? 6fE>Q À¢ ´¶d² ÏÆeÆ (xÉE? ÅÕ=Ç¶Æ Ð=aÇi U =
=cCÆ 6ÄɪÆð>«¾Ae>=Á>jUÀEPe>=OÈbUÆ*xÉE?ÅÕ=ǶÆͳº¸]a
Á?Æ(aÇi?ÁǶL=cÍÈ=f¶=Á?η¢OÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂη¢¹bI aÇiL>È=e
*xÉE?Ð=Ç·¶=
(Á>²e? Í£Ee? ÍÈ=f·¶ ÁÇ³È Á? ae=Ƕ= ÁDª ¸³n¶= OÉU Àº >º?Æ
U¹Çif¶=ÍÈ=eÀ¢¸Òiľ?Hg>¢ÀEÐ=¶=À£ª *ÇqÀºÁdzIÁ?Æ
b?Æ Ëdº¶= Å=Æe Ìßfå»ß¾ Àº Í£Efº Ð=aÇi K¾>² 6¹>® ; K¾>² >º
ð>EÇJ³ºÁdzÈÁ?Æ *ÇqÀºÌßafß àEË?(ÌßfFßUå HÇMË?(Ìßfå ÀºÎ¿£ºÆ
Ð=Ç·¶=À¢¹>¯ÈÍÈ=f¶=À¢¹>¯È>ºÆ=¹Çieb» =×CĶC× 6>ÃÉ·¢
ÄÉ·¢ GJ³ÈÆ (Çr¶= Àº ÁdzÈÆ (Á>²e? Í£Ee? Ķ ÁÇ³È Ð=Ç·¶>ª (ð>[vÈ?
~ ÄÉ·¢GJ³ÈÆ(ÍÈ=f¶=Àº²?ľ?ò×C =¹Çieb» =ò×CĶC×
*xÉE?~ÍÈ=f¶=η¢GJ³È>»¿ÉE(aÇi?
Á? UØȽآÙ=¤®=Æ°ªÆÆ(tÇr¿¶=aeÆ>º¸³mη¢Æ
-40
Ķ Ø
ð ÉìJjº ÁÇ³È Á?Æ ÌfÂ> Á>²e? Í£Ee? Ð=Ç·¶=Æ ÍÈ=f¶= Àº ¸³¶ ÁdzÈ
¹Ç{ÁdzÈÆ(¹Çì¶=l>ɯºÊN·Mzf£¶=l>¯ºÁdzÈÆ(zf¢Ä¶Æ¹Ç{
ð=»J¿i 5,¹ÇìEÍÈ=f¶=ÁdzIÆð=»J¿i 4,Äuf¢Æð=»J¿i -.,Ð=Ç·¶=
kÉÈ>¯Æ(²?kÉÈ>¯L>È=eÆÍÈǶ?¸»£IÁ?gÇÆ*=ð»J¿i2,zf¢Æ
>ÃEÍq>]ÍÈ=eÌbUƸ³¶ÆÍ®fª¸³¶ÁdzÈÁ?ÀjVJj=ÀºÆ(f§q?
*ÌbUÇ·¶ÆÍ®f«·¶Íq>]ͺآÁdzJ¶Í¶Æb¶=ÍÈ=e¤º¤ªfI(ÁÇ·¶=Ƹ³n¶=
ÌhÃQ? ¸»£JjI >þDª oÉR·¶ ¸»£JjI >»² L>È=f¶=Æ ÍÈǶÙ=Æ
(Í«É·=f¯º±Çª ͪØ[=e=aÐ=Ç·¶=¤ªª(>Ã>rºÆ>ÂfÑ=ÆaÆͶÆb¶=
>»² *>ÃI>jiÖºÆ>ÃI=e=aCÆ>ÂfÑ=ÆaÆͶÆb¶=>rº¤ÉL>È=f¶=¤ªfIÆ
*¼ÃIÇÉEƼãÈe>nºÆ¼ÃI>jiÖº±Çª>ãªfEÍÉ¢f¶=a=fªÙX»jÈ
-41
Ïf[áiíÙ=
ÏfiÙ= Ð×Ö fº? Á>² Ïfi? ¼ÂÆb¢ Àº ÁÇ»·j= fi? =cC
º?Æ?Ͳf£=bÑ>¯¶Æ?(¼ÂÆfi?ÀkɶÆ(Ìfm>FºÍ«É·=fºÙð×DzǺ
Ë?f¶ Äɪ fºÙ>ª =ði? He>= e>q =cC ľ٠*Ë?e Ë? ´¶c oÉ=
ÏfiÙ=¼³UÆ *ÏfiÙ=Ê¢fn¶=¼³=´¶c¤FJÈÍ«É·=Æ(Í«É·=
Æ? ¼ÃÉ·¢ À Á? E Í«É·= Á? Ç ʣ쯶= ÁAf¯¶= s¿E KE>N¶=
¿2È)kªV Vl¯
VÙ @ 6>£I Ķǯ¶ (Ð=b«¶= Æ? À= Ç ÏfiÙ= ¼³Vª *¼ÃÈa>«È
&=W% %¯
VÙ VU2XSÙ TriÁVÙ Ô2ÉFSÀ-È)=VcÚ5U Vl¯ ³/[O ª!V®Jm ]!×n_¸VÙ TÄm[Ý[ WÛÏ°
¼³U XÈfq =dÂÆ > \FXq\wØTU ½!×mXVÚ \̲V" ³/[O Ä\i°Ù %¯XT ÀiØÈW
aeÆXÈfr¶=s¿¶==dÂÁ?>ÿº(ÅÇQÆÌb£¶£J=¼³=ÇÂÆÏfiÙ=
¹ÇqÆb£E>Æh¾Á>²Æ(¹>J¯¶=Á@mK¶h¾ÌeÇi¹Æ?ÊÂÆb»ÌeÇi
ÌeÇib£EK¶h¾b®Æ(¹>J¯¶=ÌeÇiKÉb®ÆͳºÀºÍ¿Èb=C¹Çif¶=
ÍÈ?¸rÁ?¸F®ÏfiÙ=¼³UK¿ÉEb®Êê(ebEͲf£º¸F®ÆbÈb=
K¿ÉE¶= ÌbÉUǶ=ÍÈÛ=>þ?C´¶c¬Éu?=cDª *Ïfi?PbÆͲf£º
¸qÙ=>þ?Æ(ÏfiÙ=¼³Us¾>þ?FI(ÏfiÙ>E¸£«È=c>ºÍU=fq
=d£I¶=ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÆ*ÏfiÙ=f]As¾¸²¤QfÈ>ÃɶCÆ(´¶c
η¢Í¶=b¶=>ºCͧÉrEÏfiÙ=¼³U>ÃɪaeÆb®ÍÈÛ=Á?ÏfiÙ=¼³=
%¯XTÀiØÈW&=W%%¯
VÙVU2XSÙTriÁVÙ@6K¶>¯ª>»O¶>M×ÒÉmEÉ^J¶=
ÁdzÈÁ?K£¿ºÆ>»ÃɪÉ^J¶=LfrUÒÉmELaeÆ=cC>ºCÆ>Ä\i°Ù
E >ºC É^J¶= frU Àº £Jª (>»Ã¿º =ðbU=Æ ÁÇ³È × Á?Æ (>»Â¦
bÈÖÈÆ*ÏfiÙ=¼³UÀºÄɪÁAf¯¶=fäÉ]>º¦ÁdzÈÁ?g=ÇQ½b¢ÒÉm
Ìh¢ÊE?Æ(ͺ>»É¶=¸Â?bÉi¹>M?ÀEͺ>η¢çÀºß U¹Çif¶=Á?´¶c
-42
ÀE¼£ì=Á>²Ç¶ 6ebEÏe>i?¹>®Æ(¤ÉEf¶=ÀEt>£¶=ÊE?Æ(f¢>n¶=
Ïa>ªÆ *Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe Ķ ¼ÃJ²¶ οJ¿¶= Ð×Ö »·² ¼M ð>ÉU Ëb¢
*·QfE Ø
ð Qe ebE ½ÇÈ Ïa>ªÆ (ðØQe £FiÆ ÍMØM =Ǿ>²Æ ebE Ïe>i?
KN£E ¼Â=fi? Ð=bª ͳº ¸Â? O£E > 6K¶>® >þ? ÍnÑ>¢ À¢ ËÆeÆ
Íb] b¿¢ K¾>² > ÌaدE Äɪ KN£EÆ (¹> t>£¶= ÊE? Ð=bª G¿Èg
Í®e>ç±e U =¹Çie>ÂAe>»·ª6K¶>®(t>£¶=ÊE?η¢>ÃE>ÃJ·]a?
6=Ƕ>¯ª>Ëd¶=>ÃÉ·¢=ÆafIÆ>Âi?>=ǯ·ìIÁ?¼JÈ?eÁC6¹>®ÆÌbÈbm
Àº·QeÏbªU¿¶=Á? 6rUÀEÁ=f»¢À¢Æ*aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æe¼£¾
l>F¢ ÀE= À¢Æ *¼·jº Å=Æe ¸É¯¢ E Àº ²fn= Àº ¸QfE »·j=
U=¹Çie¸£Rª(Ð=bª¼À³ÈebE½ÇÈÏfiÙ=Àºl>¾Á>² 6¹>®
¤ºOÈa>UÙ=Ådê *b?Å=Æe ÍE>J³¶= e>r¾Ù= a×Æ? =Ç»·£È Á? ¼ÂÐ=bª
ʳUÆ *Ð=b«¶=Æ?À=ÇÂÏfiÙ=¼³UÁ?η¢ÍfqͶ×a¹bIÍÈÛ=
ÄÉ·¢çÀºÇ¶=Ƕ>®Æ *ÏfiÙ=¸J®ÍÂ=f²FQÀEbÉ£iÆÐ>ì¢ÆÀj=À¢
%¯
VÙVU2XSÙTriÁVÙ@6¹>®>£I=ÁÙÆ(ebEÏfi@E¤¿q>»²Å=a>ªÆ?
XÈfqÄ·²=dê *¦×fiÙ=b£EÀÈdÂE^ª > Ä\i°Ù %¯XT ÀiØÈW &=W%
Æ?À=>ºC>»ÂÆ(¦kɶ¿M=ÀÈfº?EÏfiÙ=fäÉÍ«É·=Á?
Ð>¿EÁ>²´¶cÁDªÍÈf®E¹>Qe¸J®U¿¶=Á?ËÆe>º>º?Æ *Ð=b«¶=
ľ?ÀºËÆe>ºÆ*HfUÏfi?¼Ã¾?η¢×(¼É³VJ¶=¼³=¼³Uη¢
(ð=q É£º ÊE? ÀE ÍF¯¢Æ (Pe>= ÀE fv¿¶= ebE ½ÇÈ ¸J® ½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢
ľÙ(ÏfiÙ=¼³U=dÂÁ?η¢¹bÈ×´¶cÁDª(bU?½ÇÈÌh¢>E?¸J®Æ
x£E Ä·£ª >CÆ (Ͳf£º ¸² Ä·£«È Æ (ÏfiÙ= ¤É Ä·£«È
¼Ã·²ÏfiÙ>EÄ·£ªÄ¾Dª(Ð=b«¶=ÆÀ=Ø~(t>^mÙ=x£E¤ºµe>£=
¹Çif¶=Á?ÇÂÍq>]t>^mÙ=Ð×Ö¸J®GFiËd¶=Æ *Ͳf£º¸²
-43
¿É£ºt>^mÙ¸J®Çê(»·j»·¶°¯=fì=¼Ãq>^m@E¼ÃɪÏfÈ
¼Ã¿É£È ¿É£º t>^m? ¸J®Æ *ÏfiÚ¶ Ø ð J® kÉ¶Æ (¼ÃE t>] GFj¶
>¿N£E6¹>®ÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢Ëe>^F¶=Æb?ÏÆeb¯ª*>ð¢fmhÑ>Qfº?Í«É·=
oÈf® Àº ·Qf¶ ð>¾ØªÆ ð>¾Øª bQÆ ÁC 6¹>¯ªO£E U =¹Çie
K¿² ʾC 6TÆf= >¾ae? U U = ¹Çie ¹>® ¼M (e>¿¶>E >»ÂÇ®fU>ª
ÁDªä¸QÆh¢=ò×C>ÃEHd£È×e>¿¶=ÁCÆ *ð>¾ØªÆð>¾Øª=Ç®fÁ?¼³Ifº?
¥fn¶=½>³U?Àºkɶ¸J¯¶=Á?FJÈ´¶dEÆ *>»ÂÇ·J®>ª>»ÂÇbQÆ
fì= Í«É·= ÏfÈ ¿É£º t>^m? ¥fn¶= ¼³U ¸J¯¶= >CÆ (iÙ=
U=¹ÇieÁ?ÀºËÆe>º>º?Æ *Ïfi?=Ǿ>²Ç¶Æ¼Ã·J¯Efº@ɪ(¼Ã¿º
Á>²Ë?(ÏfiÙ=×(j¶=±jÈÁ>²Ä¾DªÍÈÛ=Åd¹Æh¾b£E±i=
*Ee>=¹>Qf¶= ×(Ͳf£=oÉ=¤ºÀÈd¶=¹>«{Ù=ÆÐ>j¿¶=±jÈ
ĢǮÆafÈÆ( UÄ¿º´¶c¤®Ç¶Ee>=¹>Qf·¶±>®i×=KFMǶÆ
GJ² x£E ÄIÆe >º >º?Æ * U ľ>ºg Hf£¶= Ïfi? ÌfN² η¢ ÐÊm
(¼ÃM>¾CƼÂeDzc(oÈf®ÀºÍÉQ>¾E±i=U¹Çif¶=Á?Àº_Èe>J¶=
ÀE=Ìj²Ìj¶=GJ²x£E×ÆÎJU(OÈb=GJ²ÅÆfIľDª¼Ã¢>EÆ
b®Æ 6 «¶Î·¢s¿IÍÈ=Æf¶=ÁDª´¶cXqǶľ?η¢*ÄESJت½>nÂ
¸¯I Æ P>¾Ý=Æ eDzd¶= Lf²dª ¼ÃM>¾CÆ ¼ÂeDzc ÍÉQ>¾ E ±i=
(ð>M>¾CÆð=eDzc¹>«{Ù=Ë?(j¶=η¢¸»Vɪ¼ÃÑ>j¾Æ¼>Qeη¢ÍÈ=Æf¶=
j¶=±i=>CÆ(ð=i? Ø ð Qe±jȹÇif¶=ÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ *hÑ>Q=dÂÆ
ÁDª *´¶cbÈÖIÍRUJ£I¶=OÈa>UÙ=ÍJE>N¶=¤Ñ>®Ç¶=Æ *>ðM>¾CÆð=eDzc
Hf£¶=Àº×(ð>¯·ìºð=i?ðØQe±jÈľ?b¹Çif¶=¹>»¢Ù¤FJJ=
À³ÈebEͲf£ºÊ«ª *j¶=±i=ľ?Ä¿¢ËÆf=¸E(¼Â¦Àº×Æ
¼³Vª (fi? ¸rU >CÆ (>Ãɪ i ¸r ´¶d¶Æ (Ð>j¾ Æb£¶= ¤º
-44
¹Çif¶= He> Ág=Ç KQf] ¿U Ͳf£º Æ (Ð=b«¶>E ¼ÃÉ·¢ ¹Çif¶=
Ð>j¿¶= K«·] (Ág=Ç LfªÆ ÁÇ»·j= frJ¾= >Æ (Ð>j¿¶= ¼Ã£º Tf]Æ
¬·]°·ìr=EÆ *¼Ñ>¿¦¹=ǺÙ=¤º ¤uÆÆ(j¶=¸rVª>ÂÐ=eÆ
(ÁÇr= KVJªÆ =Ç·J® É] Æ *j¶= ¸rVª Ð>j¿¶= ÅÐ=eÆ Æb£¶=
µfI>»²l>¿¶=Ê®>EµfIÆ(ð>ÉFiEe>=¤ºK¾>² ¶=Ð>j¿¶=Ld]?Æ
¹>Qf¶= fi@È Á>² ¹Çif¶= Á? η¢ ¹bI >÷² Pa=Ç= Ådê *¹>Qf¶=
¼Â¦>º?(¹>«{Ù=´¶d²Æ(Ee>=¤ºÊI=Ç·¶=Ð>j¿¶=jÈÆ(Ee>=
fi?×¼ÃÉ·¢¤¯ÈÀ³È¼·ªÍ²f£==ǾdzÈÀÐ>j¿¶=ƹ>Qf¶=Àº
Á? ÀäÉFI =dÃEÆ *ÏfiÙ= ±jÈ ¹Çif¶= Á? η¢ ¹bÈ =dÂÆ *i ×Æ
b®Çê *ÍÈÛ=±Ç쿺GjUÏfQb®ÏfiÚ¶ÍFj¿¶>E U¹Çif¶=¸»¢
±jÈ Ä¾CÆ (Á>ÉUÙ= x£E Ð=b«¶= d]?Æ (Á>ÉUÙ= x£E Àç º
qÇrð>q>^m?¸J®Æ(¹>«{Ù=ÆÐ>j¿¶=ÎFi>CÆ(¼Ã·J¯ÈÆÏfiÙ=
*»·j=η¢fì]Àº¼>(¼Ã¾>É¢@E
´¶cl>¿¶=ÁDªÏfiÙ>El>¿¶=η¢ÄFJnI¶=j¶=Ͷ@jº>º?
¹=ǺÙ=e>FJ¢>²a×ÆÙ=ÆEe>=¤ºÀQfÊI=Ç·¶=Ð>j¿¶=ÁÆJ£Èfr£¶=
\Øìq×>ª (¼Â¦Æ Hf£¶= E ´¶c ±fª × (Hf= \Øìq=
\Øìq×=´¶cf®?ƹÇif¶=Ð>Rª*>È>FiÆð×=Ǻ?¼Ñ>¿§¶=J£ÈÁ>²ÊEf=
Àº ͻɿ¦ ¹=ǺÙ>² a×ÆÙ=Æ Ee>= ¤º ÀQf ÊI=Ç·¶= Ð>j¿¶= J¢>ª
× =dÆ *ÏfiÙ= ¼³U × ¼Ñ>¿§¶= ¼³U >ÃÉ·¢ ËfÆ ±jJª (¼Ñ>¿§¶=
Àº »·j»·¶ ͻɿ¦ ÁÇ³È ¸E (ÏfiÚ¶ >ð®>®i= >È>Fj¶= ±>®i= ÁdzÈ
Ð=b«¶=ÆÀ=E¼Ãɪͫɷ=ÉÇÂÏfiÙ=¼³UίFÈÆ *Ͳf£=¼Ñ>¿¦
ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=KEe>U=cDª(ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈC±>E¼³==dÂÆ *¦kɶ
-45
Ð>j¾¼Ã£º=ÇQf]?=cCÆ(Ð=b«¶=ÆÀ=E^J¶>EÏfiÙ=¸º>£I>ÂÐ=b¢?
¸NºÁdzIÆ(±jIÆ>È>FiÐ>j¿¶=d]ÖIͲf£=ÐØ=b¿¢Ä¾Dªµe>£»·¶
*¼Ñ>¿§¶=ÀºÍ»É¿¦¹=ǺÙ=
E ±fª × l>¿¶= ¤É» ½>¢ j¶=Æ ÏfiÙ= ¼³= =dÂÆ
OÈa>UÙ=Æ ÍÈÛ= ÁÙ ´¶cÆ *Hf£¶>E >ðq>] Ç kÉ¶Æ ¼Â¦Æ Hf£¶=
η¢ ίFJª(Hf£¶=>ÿºNJjÈÆ?(Hf£¶=§E>Ãrr>ºaëfÈÆ(ͺ>¢
Ê£ª>n¶= ÄQf]? Ëd¶= c>£º OÈbU >º?Æ *¼Â¦Æ Hf£¶= ¸»nI >úǻ¢
Hf£¶=η¢ð=hÑ>Q±>®i×=Á>²Ç¶ 6¿U½Çȹ>®U¿¶=Á?ʯÃÉF¶=Æ
ð=bQ¬É£uÇÂÆËb®=Ƕ=Åa>¿iCÊ«ª(¬É£uOÈbUľDª *½Çɶ=Á>³¶
Àº >ð«£ubm?ÇÂÆz>É¢ÀE=bÈhÈ>ÃɪÏf]?°Èf{ÀºÊ¾=ì¶=Å=ÆeÆ
ðØɶa ÁÇ³È Á? gÇ Øª (ÍRU ÄE ½Ç¯I × OÈb= =d ¸NºÆ *Ëb®=Ƕ=
±jÈÆ(¼>«{?ÆHf£¶=Ð>j¾±i=¹Çif¶=Á?ËÆàe>º>º?Æ*>ðÉ¢fm
(Hf£¶=¹>Qe±>®i=g=ÇQ½b¢Î·¢¹bÈ×Ä¿³¶Æ(XÉVqľDª¼>Qe
ÍMa>=ÁDz>º?*¼Â¦ÆHf£¶=¸»nȽ>¢Ç¸E(¼Â¦±>®i=g=ÇQÆ
Ëd¶=¤uǶ=Á?Ë?(>½Çëº ×ƹ>U Í£®=Æ>þDªHf£¶=¤º K·rU
*¼Â§¶ÁdzÈ×Æ(¼ÃEt>]ľ?´¶c£ÈتHf£¶=ÀºÁ>²¸rU
(GFj¶= tÇr~ × «·¶= ½Ç»£E Ì£¶= Á? ÍÉ¢fn¶= Ìb¢>¯¶= Á? η¢
Æ? s^n¶>E sJ × >þDª Í¢> Æ? s^m ¤º K·rU ÁCÆ ÍMa>>ª
¤º¸rU¹>Qf¶=±>®i=½b¢´¶d²Æ*>ðº>¢>û³UÁdzȸE(Í¢>»=
ÁÇ³È Øª Hf£¶= He> Á>² ¹Çif¶= Á? Á>² Ëd¶= ¤®=Ƕ= ÁÙ Hf£¶=
Í·ÉF®He>Á>²Ç¶>»²(l>¿¶=¤É»ð>º>¢ÁdzȸE(¼ÃEð>q>]¼³=
¼³UË?Ä·²=dÂÁ?ò×C *>ÃEð>q>]¼³=ÁdzÈتðØNºoÈf¯²Í¿É£º
-5,
.
$% & # & '() *+,) + & -+ " # "
!
) /0 123 4' 567 2 !89: ;*7 # <3 =>'? @ * *>A
BF 56G #
) . 2 ") 4' BCD 2 ;E7
H#' &
IJ KB ;4LA BF 4'?M
: N,
%3 ;*7 # <3 *O EP8 B 4LA BF 4'?M
!89: ,Q
& R
M? SO ?
T?6@ # &
U VC -2
!: 5C 2 ;'() *+,) F+ *>A $% & #F ;
-2DF - ) .N, BF 56G W#
X 5C 2 ; & 4FIJ
EG .WY7 Z+ [+: ,# BX N, & -+ & R
X
( tβθßϑÏ=ó¡ç„ ÷ρr& öΝåκtΞθè=ÏG≈s)è? 7‰ƒÏ‰x© <¨ù't/ ’Í<'ρé& BΘöθs% 4’n<Î) tβöθtãô‰çGy™ :<@
óΟèδθßϑ›?‰y`uρ ß]ø‹xm t⎦⎫Ï.Îô³ßϑø9$# (#θè=çGø%$$sù ãΠãçtù:$# ãåκô−F{$# y‡n=|¡Σ$# #sŒÎ*sù :EG
(#θãΒ$s%r&uρ (#θç/$s? βÎ*sù 4 7‰|¹ós∆ ¨≅à2 öΝßγs9 (#ρ߉ãèø%$#uρ öΝèδρãÝÇôm$#uρ óΟèδρä‹äzuρ
’Îû (#θßs‹Å¡sù :EG 4 öΝßγn=‹Î;y™ (#θ=y⇐sù nο4θŸ2¨“9$# (#âθs?#u™uρ nο4θn=¢Á9$#
“Ì“øƒèΧ ©!$# ¨βr&uρ «!$# “Ì“Éf÷èãΒ çöxî ö/ä3¯Ρr& (#þθßϑn=÷æ$#uρ 9åκô−r& sπyèt/ö‘r& ÇÚö‘F{$#
#M
&
X - !8]+ ^_ B': . ∩⊄∪ t⎦⎪ÍÏ≈s3ø9$#
'( *?' -`78 SO aBF EP8 +
W9: ;SO
E# W) & $, ) .A ) /0 123 4' 567 2 *+,
& bG ,Q H#' & bG #': & b
& 567 c !89: F+ ) .SO aBF EP8 56G
.E7 ) /0 123
ÍÉEf[=Í[i>Éj¶=
Á?ľ@mÀº¤uÆη¢Hf=ÁÆÖmÍÈ>¢eÊÂÍÉEf=Íi>Éj¶=
*ÍɾÛ=ÍÉ·»£¶=ÍÉU>¿¶=>ÃɪgIÆ(¼ÃÑ=b¢ÙÁ×d=Æ»·j»·¶fr¿¶=¸£
>Âg>Q?Ð>Ém?>Ãɪ½çfUß Æ(>¦>úçfUß Ð>Ém?¥fn¶=>Ãɪg>Q?b®Æ
*Hf=¦Ä£º½=fUľ?¤º(Æb£¶=¤ºHd³¶=>Ãɪg>Q?b¯ª *>¦
K·£Q =d³ÂÆ *Hf= ¦ HÆb¿º ľ? ¤º oÉ= ¤º ·¶= ½çfUÆ
>º>ÿºL=e>FJ¢×=ÅdÂÆ*Hf=ð>q>]ð=e>FJ¢=½>³UÚ¶ÍÉEf=Íi>Éj¶=
°·£JÈ>º>ÿºÆ(>Ãj«¾ÍÉEf=¹>»¢Ù>E°·£JÈ>º>ÿºÆ(Æb£¶=Í·º>£°·£JÈ
*´¶c§E°·£JÈ>º>ÿºÆ(ʺØiÝ=oÉ>E
Á? »·j»·¶Æ Í«É·^·¶ ½ØiÝ= ¸£Q (Æb£¶= Í·º>£ °·£JÈ >»»ª
Æb£¶=ÀºXÉFJjÈÁ?Æ(¼ÃEÆb£¶=Ä·£«ÈÁ?ľ@m Àº>º¸NºÆb£¶>E=Ç·£«È
*Hf=¦ L>ºçf=ÀºÁ>²Ç¶Æ(»·j=ÀºÆb£¶=ÄVÉFJjÈ>º¸Nº
Ø/ÅM×n\_ Û©ÕVXT °O¯ 2È)×°SÄÃ W% ©#Ø9°-¯ SÈ°\ÈVÙ Ô2È*×VWÆ ØD¯XT @6>£I=¹>®
²fn=Á?ÍÈÛ=Åd¹Æh¾GFiÁ?ËÆeb®Æ*>|Úϯnª¡ °L·n×m\\XSÀIV
=ǺfmÆ (¼Â²=dº =Ç£ì®Æ (¼Ã¾ÇìE =Æf¯E 6bU? ½ÇÈ »·j>E =Ç·Nº
=¹Çie¬®Çª*GÂ=f¶=ÀEÍ·¿U×CÄE=Ç·Nº×Cð=bU?=DzfI>º(¼Ãª>¾A
Ä«¾?¼·ìq=ÆÄ¿ìE°àmb®ÆÅÐ>ið=f¿ºÏ?fªÄE¸Nàºb®ÆÌhη¢ U
Å=Æe´¾>³º£FjEÀ·NºÙ¼ÃE=ʾf«?ÁCÄE¬·U?Ëd¶=Æ>º? 6¹>¯ª
Á=Æ ÊÂÆ Hf= K¶h¾ ÍÈÛ>ª *ÍÈÛ= Åd K¶h[¿ª F³¶= ʾ=ì¶=
¸»£È Á? ÍU>EC Ífq >ÿ³¶Æ (¸N= À¢ Ìa>Èh¶= À¢ Kþ K¾>²
¸ÉN»J¶=ÍU>EC>ÿº¼Ã«ÈÍÈÛ=ÁCÎJU(¼ÃEe>«³¶=Ä·»£È>º¸NºÁÇ»·j=
-5.
>º ¸Nº η¢ bÈhÈ × Á? η¢ (»·j= ηJ¯E =Ç·Nº ÀÈd¶= e>«³¶= ηJ¯E
Êÿ¶==dÂÁ?×C(Ä¿¢Êÿ¶>Ee>F]Ù=LaeÆÆ(½=fU¸ÉN»J¶=Á?¤º(=Ç·£ª
ÅÇ·£«ÈÁ?»·j»·¶ÁDª×CÆ(»·j=ηJ¯EÆb£¶=¸N=cCÁdzÈ>C
ÁCľDªbã¶=x¯¾Æeb§¶=´¶c¸NºÆ *»·j=ηJ¯E¸NÆb£¶=Á>²=cC
*Ä·£«¾Á?gÇت×CÆ(Ä·£«¾Á?>¿¶g>QÄ·£«ÈÁ?Ä¿º¬É]Æ?Æb£¶=Ä·£ª
Á? cC (ÍÉEf= Íi>Éj¶>E Ø ð »¢ Ä¿¢ Êÿ¶= aeÆ Ä¾? ¤º Ä·£«¾ Á? g>Q >CÆ
ÅÇ·£«ÈÁ?»·j»·¶g>QÄ·£ªÁDªÆb£¶=Ä·£«È=cCÁdzÈ>CÄ¿¢Êÿ¶=
*> ÄXS\y rQ"WÃ Ô2¯IÙkV¯ Ök¯5VÙ <RW5Xj\ $4×SV C°% ¦VÙVcU% %¯XT @6>£I¹>®
¤º¼ÃEfU>ÂÇ·»£JjÈÁ?»·j»·¶gÇÍÈÆÇ¿¶=ÍV·iÙ=ÁDª=dÂη¢Æ
>÷² ¹Æb¶= ÁÙ (¼Ã£º Æb£¶= >÷»£JjÈ Á? ¸F® ´¶c Á>² Ç¶Æ (Æb£¶=
Á? ¤º *>>»£Ji= gÇRɪ Hf= ÍÈÆÇ¿¶= ÍV·iÙ= ¹>»£Ji= XÉFJjI
fnF¶=Ð>ÉUÝÇÂa>Ã=Æ(fnF¶=´·ÃI>þÙ>>»£Ji=½fÍÈÆÇ¿¶=ÍV·iÙ=
*Íɾ>j¾Ý=Ð>¿ªÝ×(½ØiÝ>E
(e>«³¶= e>Rm? °Èf »·j»·¶ Á? ÍÉEf= ¹>»¢Ù>E °·£JÈ >Æ
C°K% 2È)ØÈV¼V W% @ 6>£I = ¹>® (>úbÂÆ ¼ÂeÆaÆ (¼Ã¢egÆ ¼ÃJ»£{?Æ
*> WÛܪ¦[ÝÙ \s®sØbÄk°XT ©DÙl¯
¯VÙ \I°SÀÊ rQ"WÃ R\-®V \FSÀ-È*ÓXmV" ØTU RX=j°L
>º>º? *Ķ¹ÆÖÉiľ@Eį¯¤ºv¿¶=E¸ U=¹Çie±fU?b®Æ
¹>®Ä¿¢=Êue°Èbr¶=f³E>E?Á?Ëe>r¾Ù=bÉ£iÀEÎÉÀ¢ËÆe
À®f×Æ(Í·²@×Cð=£E×ÆÌ>mÁf¯£I× 6½>n¶=CÄN£EoÉQºÙ
¬¶>×Æð>£ÉÍE>Vr¶=Åf®?b®Æ @{Ç=´¶>ºÅ=Æe Äç¿®f§I×ÆðØ
¤ì® ½b¢Æ (fº>£¶= GÈf ½b¢ ÇÂÆ Hf= ¸qÙ= Ç ´¶c ÁDª (Ķ
ÀºÄ¶bE×Ͳf£=Gj²Á?oÉ=bÑ>®Æ?Í«É·=Ï?e=cCÀ³¶Æ*fRn¶=
-5/
!
"#
$
%& !
'(
' )
*
01 234# 5 2678
" 9:
;< "= 0 "> . + ,-.
Ÿωuρ :?
@ + ,
A
B
- 27# )
* '(
' 2==
|=ÏGä. ωÎ) ¸ξø‹¯Ρ 5iρ߉tã ô⎯ÏΒ šχθä9$uΖtƒ Ÿωuρ u‘$¤à6ø9$# àá‹Éótƒ $Y∞ÏÛöθtΒ šχθä↔sÜtƒ
D
E FG " H
I HJ6 K . 4 ìxÏ=≈|¹ ×≅yϑtã ⎯ϵÎ/ Οßγs9
.
; -$I L7I L<=# M
5N O PQ
R O S
T UK VW&
.2 ! XN S-'< XN )-* Y'YZ M
D
N SD. 5
«
» :$I [ [I 97 P.
:
N ,-
\
cb=b `
-<
a
N ]^ _ ` L7I
K
:de3 0
#’n?tã ºπyϑÍ←!$s% $yδθßϑçGò2us? ÷ρr& >πuΖŠÏj9 ⎯ÏiΒ ΟçF÷èsÜs% $tΒ
,-. g ,
:,
+ 5<I [
* [I ].
f< P. .
T $yγÏ9θß¹é&
)* +% ,-. / 012* : "# $% &
' (» : +
!
345! $67 / 897 ! # ; 7< =>? 2; @6 A $%
I
>* J'K* : 7267 B4; C 1D EB4A DF G2 C7* 7H
W
XBD M NO PKQ RSD @ 6 A $% T
8 U V4 L J
-;
I9;
' [ 0\U % ]^ Y54 "Z : D W' 6* YZ
@. cU @ 6 A 7< de M a
bB* : =
U _ `K;
[
[I 2*
[ 5k P. .h
9\
ID ] ij «f
%
« b
L I9+ :1* dAg c 1D D
NO 54» :,
5
)
´¶>º>Â=Æe¶=f³EÊE?ÍÉqÆÀºfÃÈÆ*ìj·ª>¿FÈÊÂÅdÂÎß¿áE?îÆ
½bÂÆ (Ä£ì®Æ fRn¶= ±fU Á? OÈa>UÙ= ÅdÃE >ÃJ¾e>¯º ÀºÆ (@{Ç=
¸]=a Çê(Hf=Gj²Æ?Ͳf£=Gj²Å>vJ®==cCÁdzÈ>CLÇÉF¶=
*ÍÉEf=Íi>Éj¶=
Àº¤¿Á?oÉ=ºÙÆ?½>ºÞ¶Á?ʺØiÝ=oÉ>E°·£JÈ>Æ
*¼Ã·²>mÀºÆ«Qf=ƶd^=Æ?±>j«¶=Æ?¯ª>¿=Ͳf£»·¶H>Âd¶=
\ÌW% TÀiÄÈÙ #j°XT ×1ÀIV¼V9VÙ ×1ÀIU2\ȯ5 RP®m C¦VXT @ 6>£I Ķǯ¶
SÄÈ_ªØT]XT <YW\\ Y¯ ×1ÅTÀj\w % Åk°Ù SÄBXm\\ ×SV §¯¨ Ú
| Ï°i°ÈVÙ
µ=m×=Àº¤¿×ʺØiÝ=oÉ=Á?¤º> VRX=Ø)°ÝÙ Ä1ÁW5SÅÓ×Wc ×1ÅQ Q °]
H>Âd¶= Àº Ä£¿º ÍÉEf= Íi>Éj¶= KvJ®= =cC À³¶Æ (°ª>¿º ×Æ °i>ª ÄE
Í«É·^·¶gÇľDª£ºfº?ʶÇIÀºÆ?(£º¸»£E½>ɯ¶=ÀºÆ?(Ͳf£»·¶
*´¶c¸£«ÈÁ?oÉ=ºÙÆ
oÉ=¦Æ(Hf=¹>»¢?¦Æ(Æb£¶=Í·º>£º¦°·£JÈ>Æ
ľDª (°·ìr= E ÌÆh¦ Àº Ä¢ÇQe ¹Çif¶= ¤º ¸rU >º (ʺØiÝ=
>ãÉìJjÈÌÇ®fN²?η¢e>þ¸É¶ÊnÁ>²Æ(ͯÑ>ªÍ¢fjE»·j>E¤Qe
°ªf¶= Ç ¼³= Á? ¤º oÉ= G£J¶= ´Ã¾? b®Æ (Í¿Èb= ¸qÆ ÎJU
ÊQhɪ j¶= ¬·^JÈ U = ¹Çie Á>² 6¹>® fE>Q À£ª *oÉ>E
ÍFj¿¶>EÍÉEf=Íi>Éj¶=Á?×C*aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æe ¼Ç¢bÈÆafÈƬɣv¶=
»·j= E Í¿J«¶= ¥>¯ÈC Àº ¹Ç·i ÀE Êä E? ÀE = bF¢ Àº Á>² >
jEj¶=ÆoÉ=¬£u?jEj¶=½b¢KvJ®=e>r¾Ù=ÆÀÈfQ>Ã=Æ
*Ín®>¿=Æ?OÈbV·¶¹>
µÈ×ÎJU(¼Â=Ç®?
>ÃÉvJ¯I ¹>»¢@E ½>ºÝ= ½Ç¯È Á? ÍÉEf= Íi>Éj¶= Êv¯I =d³ÂÆ
-51
Á×d]Æ (Hf= Gj³¶ Æ? (Ͳf£= G[j³¶ Hf[= ÁÆÖ[m Í[È>[¢e
η¢s¾afÈ =cC>b[É[¯ºÄ[·²=d[ÂÁ? ×C *ÄÉ·¢ e>[rJ¾×=ÆÆb[£¶=
ÁÆa Å¦Æ Hf= >ðº>¢ >ðf Ä[f[VJE s¾ aeÆ Æ? [£º ¸[»¢
WD[ ÈO5¯ rR7Js SÈWmÙV" YXT @ 6>£I ¹>® (Ø
ð [Nº >[¾h[¶>² s[É[r[
´¶c ¸£«È Á? gÇ × Ä¾Dª s¾ aeÆ =cD[ª > §¬«¨ 9Zk¯\y XÄ\yXT <RW¦UVÙ
¤uǶ= GjU s¿¶>E bɯJÈ Á? G ¸E (ÍÉEf= Íi>Éj¶= ÍR} ¸[»[£¶=
dÒ¿ÉU gÇ Øª ¸·£º ¦ >ð£{>® aeÆ s[¿¶= Á>[² ÁD[ª *Äɪ aeÆ Ëd[¶=
GjU ¼³= Äɪ ¤FJÈ Ä¾Dª Í·£E Ø ð ·£º s¿¶= aeÆ =cCÆ (¸»[£¶>E ½>[É[¯¶=
ľDªÍ¿É£ºL×>UÄ·£ª¹Ç[if¶=À¢aeÆƤ[¿>Es¿¶=aeÆÁCÆ(Í·[£¶=
¹>[£[ª? tÇ[r¾LaeÆb[®Æ *L×>[=´·I×C ¸[»[£¶>E½>[¯È×
Íi>Éi >Ãɪ ¹>¯È ×Æ (LaeÆ >º GjU ¤¿= ¤FJɪ >[ÿº ¥f[n¶= ¤[¿º
ͶÇJ¯º Ì?fº= LbåQàÆ 6¹>[® f[»[¢ À[E= À[¢ Ëe>[^F¶= ÏÆe *ÍÉEfU
¸[J[® À[¢ U = ¹Ç[ie Î[Ã[[¿[ª ( U = ¹Ç[[[ie Ëg>[§º x[£E
¹Çie¹>®6¹>®¤ÈfiÀEaÇiÙ=À¢b?ÏÆeÆ *Á>É[F[r¶=ÆÐ>[j[¿¶=
¹>¯ª (ÍÈed¶= =Ç·J® ÎJU ½Çɶ= ¸J¯¶= ¼[ÂgÆ>[Q ½=Ç[®? ¹>[E >º 6 U =
Ð>¿E? ¼²e>É] ÁC ×? 6¹>¯ª (²fn= a×Æ? ¼Â >C (= ¹Çie >È 6¸Qe
=ǯ·ì¾= 6¹>® U = ¹Çie Á? k¾? À¢ aÆ=a ÇE? ÏÆeÆ *²fn=
×Æ ð=§q ×Æ (ð>ɾ>ª ð>^Ém =Ç·J¯I × (= ¹Çie Í·º η¢Æ >EÆ = ¼i>E
¿j=G=ÁC=Ç¿jU?Æ=ÇV·q?Æ(¼³»Ñ>¿¦=Ç»uÆ(=Ç·§I×Æ(Ì?fº=
¸£«I Á? XrÈ Øª Hf= Í¿É£º ¹>£ª? À¢ Kþ OÈa>UÙ= Ådê
ÄE LaeÆ Ëd¶= ÄQǶ= η¢ ¸£«I >CÆ (ÍÉEf= Íi>Éj¶= ÍR} Hf=
>ãÉeǺÙ=Åd¸£«IÁ?gÇľ?η¢tÇr¿¶=LaeÆb®Æ*tÇr¿¶=
-52
. !"#$ % $& '() *& +,-, ). / 0& 1 23
» :567 83 9 :';2 <'
& :
! "# $% &
(%)» :+> 83 9 2? @ A- B .«'
:C D#E .«' 0
* :
/* +", ! -.
G H «5
6% & 7+
2'3'! 4 1'% » :F ',
9
E K%9 + L0 MN *& HO (! PE J F . $ I J?
> Q,R S B T%UV 0& 5% 6 5A%VW
$& '() *& +,-, ). / 0& LC O 8X YZ
E E .%> Q7 !"#$ ,2 -E 0[ 1 5'C
F U 5 \)& Y9 5? MN B G H MN B ]? ',W ]CZ
E .^,3 B _' 81? 3(` I ( 'a C '() J
b 1 LC J1 JS MN B c%d %> YA 23
_', L0 J(1 I\W cef Y, ,) :C M7W :E
h I\[ 1 E .5%9 5g % / !> )
U%> 9
L0 %> FR / 'i )` / & %> Q7 'i T\ [
j +,V' D# I\E ' k' 9 __ ,E lE ]'
+,V' A-E k' U , # I K%9 ZFN PFN B
& h ,(>, 5 T-E m 5, PE K%9 j
,7 I%?' K%9 j +,V' S n? %# ,2H
, /8
,"% 9;& (
» :+ j +,V' %9 b>, 9
>º¹Çif¶=¹Ç¯ª *ð>«Éj¢×ÆÍÈec=Ç·J¯I×6Ķ¸¯ªð=b¶>]á°C 6¼ÂbUÙ
OÈb=Ádzɪ(>÷J®g>Q¸I>¯IK¾>²Ç¶>þ?η¢¹bȸI>¯J¶ÅdÂK¾>²
aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æe>º´¶cbÈÖÈÆ *¸I>¯I×>þDz>÷J®À¢Êÿ¶=Í·¢¸£Qb®
(Åd¸J®Àº6¹>¯ª¿U½ÇÈͶÇJ¯ºÌ?fº>Efº 6 U¿¶=Á?ͺf³¢À¢
>¿Éª Íh= L?e >»·ª Ê«·] >ÃJªae@ª (>ÃJ»¿¦ = ¹Çie >È >¾? ¸Qe ¹>¯ª
´¶dEÆ U=¹ÇieÄÉ·¢f³¿È¼·ª(>ÃJ·J¯ª·J¯J¶Ê«Éi¼Ñ>®CLÇÂ?
_Én¶=>º?Æ*>÷J®gÇ׸I>¯I=cCÆ(>÷J®g>QK·I>®=cCÌ?f=Á?FJÈ
ت»·j=η¢Ìfvº×Æ(e>«³·¶¤«¾Äɪ°FÈð>ɾ>ªÁ>²ÁCľDªÊ¾>«¶=
η¢ Ìfvº Æ? (e>«³·¶ ¤«¾ Äɪ Á>² ÁC >º?Æ *Ä·J® À¢ Êÿ·¶ Ä·J® gÇ
U¿¶=Á?ÌfÀ¢Ëdº¶=Æb?ÏÆe>´¶cÆ *Ä·J®gÇRɪ»·j=
ÀºËe>^F¶=ÏÆe>Æ *¼Ã]fm =ÇÉVJi=Æ ²fn= `ÇÉm =Ç·J®= 6¹>®
oÉQη¢fº>¢>E?O£E¿UÀº©fª>U¿¶=Á?ÎiǺÊE?OÈbU
fEbɶÅÆfvU?b®ÆÍÑ>=η¢¬É¾Á>²b®ÆÍ»r¶=ÀEbÈeaʯ·ªl>{Æ?
¸»´¶cη¢Æ *ÄÉ·¢´¶c U¿¶=f³¿ÈÆfº>¢ÇE?Ä·J¯ªHf=¼
>»²Ê¾>«¶=ÇÂÆ(Ä¿ºefu×Æ(Äɪ¤«¾×Ëd¶=_Én¶=η¢k¾?OÈbU
*OÈb=k«¾aeÆ
ÄEaeÆ>ºGjU×C¸£«I×>÷£ªÀ¢Êÿ¶=aeƶ=eǺÙ=Ådê
=d ½=a >º fª>³¶= ¼ÂÆb£E ÁÇ»·j= Ä·£«È ¸»¢ Ë? ¤«JjÈ ×Æ (s¿¶=
ð>º=fU½?(ð×ØU¸»£¶==dÂÁ>²?Ð=Çi(Hf=Ͷ>U¸rU¸»£¶=
ð>fÄfVJEs¿¶=aeÆËd¶=¸£«¶=×C´¶cÀºÎ¿NJjÈ×Æ *Hf=¦
*Ø
ð Nº>¾h¶>²sÉrÁÆaHf=¦ÆHf=ð>º>¢
-54
Hf[=Hd[³¶=
½>³UÙ=ÀºÄfÆ(ʣ쯶=ÁAf¯¶=s¿Eð>£ì®½=fUÄ·²Hd³¶=
Æ? (»·j= Í£«¿ ÁÇ³È Á? E ±fª × (ÌeÆfv¶>E ÀÈb¶= Àº ͪÆf£=
ÄftÇr¿¶=LÐ>Qb¯ª *´¶ck³¢ÁdzÈÁ?EÆ(ÀÈb¶=ÍV·r
Y WÛÏ° ]!ªkVÙ s¯n\,ÙÝWc \-5¯ @6>£I¹>® *Í··£º¦ðÍI>EÆͯ·ìºÆͺ>¢
rQ"WÃ_0X=ØÈ#\ÈÕHX=VÙ×#¯M\-×W52É2@6>£I¹>®Æ> °0WcW¯|ESÄ=°%ØUÄc
ÅbɯÈ×ÆÄ··£È× ½Ç»£¶=ƱØ{Ý=ÆKF¶==dÂÆ *> §¯ª¨ |Úܯªk[Ù
kɶs¿¶=¼Ãª×C´¶c¸¯£·¶¸]a×Æ(f]As¾×CÄrr×Æ
× bÉɯI Ë? Æ? (¸É·£I Ë? bÉ«È s¾ Ë? XÉVr¶= afÈ Æ *¦
Àº οNJi= s¾ Äɪ aeÆ b¯ª s¿¶= sÉr >º?Æ *Í¿j¶= ×Æ H>J³¶=
Àº ¹>} >ÃÈäb£I gÇ Øª (>ÂbUÆ >ÂfrU Í¿É£º Ð>Ém? Hd³¶= ¼Èf
eǺÙ=Àº¸É¶b¶=Är]>º×CÐÊmHd³¶=¼ÈfÀºÎ¿NJjÈت*¹=ÇUÙ=
L=c \ØqÝÆ Ì?f= η¢Æ Hf= Ͷ>U 6ÊÂÆ OÈa>UÙ= ÌeDzd=
½ÇN·²½?À¢aÆ=aÇE?Ƽ·jºÆb?ÏÆeb¯ª *>ÃÉ·¢s¿¶=aÆeǶ(F¶=
×Cl>¿¶=¹Ç¯È>ÐÊms]fÈ U¿¶=¤? 6K¶>®ÍF¯¢K¿E
Ì?f=OÈbUÆÄI?fº=¸Qf¶=OÈbUÆ(l>¿¶=E\ØqÝ=Æ(Hf=6PØM
>ºl>¿¶=>ÃÈ?>È 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6K¶>®bÈhÈK¿EÐ>?À¢*>ÃQÆg
ÀE=η¢Ä·²Hd³¶=*e>¿¶=p=f«¶=¤E>JJ²Hd³¶=η¢=Ç£E>JIÁ?¼³·»
¸QeÆ (>ÃÉu¶ ÄI?fº= η¢ Hd² ¸Qe 6¹>r] PØM ×C ½=fU ½aA
X·rɶ »·jº E Hd² ¸QeÆ (Í¢b] Hf= ÁDª Hf= Hd²
Àº L>É¿NJj= Àº PØN¶= Ådê *F³¶= ʾ=ì¶=Æ b? Å=Æe >»Ã¿ÉE
-55
× cC *>¦ Hd³¶= ¤¯È Á? ¸ ت (XÉVq s¿E Hd³¶= ¼Èf
Hf= 6Í»·²Æ *GjVª¸É¶b¶=Är]>º×Cs¿¶=½Ç»¢ÀºÎ¿NJjÈ
Hf= Ͷ>U ÇÂÆ (¦ kɶ bU=Æ Î¿£º ×C > kɶ OÈb= Ìae=Ƕ=
>º?Æ%6>ð¯·ìºHf=Ͷ>U¦Hd³¶=gÇت(Hf=Á@mÍÉ·£«¶=
ľ?a=f=ÁDª($>§EÏçeÆÌÆh¦a=e?=cCÁ>²Ä¾?ÀºU¿¶=À¢Xq>º
À¢ ¹@jɪ±fn=ÍÃQÆh§ÈÁ?bÈfÈÁ@²(ÅfÃÈتð=fº?bÈfÈÁ>²=cC
ÍÃQbÈfÈľ?Ä£»jÈÆÅ=fÈÀºÀɪ(f«j·¶hÃRJÈÆHf§=ÍÃQfº?
ت (¸r ¼·ª ±fn= Åa=fºÆ Hf§= ÄIa=eDE \frÈ Ä¾? >º?Æ *Hf§=
η¢ÌÆØ¢(ÍÈeÇJ¶=¸ÉF®ÀºÇÂ>CÆ(¤®=Ƕ=Ø~ð=e>F]C=dÂη¢ÁdzÈ
Ͳf£»·¶H>Âc ľÙ(Hf=Á@mÆ(ÍÉ·£«¶=Hf=Ͷ>U¸]=aľ?
6½Øj¶=ÆÌØr¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç®Ìae=Ƕ=Í¢b=ÀºÇÂÆ(ðØ£ªÆb£¶=ÍEe>
*¼·jºÅ=ÆeÍ¢b]Hf=
ÀE G£³¶ Àº 6¹>® U = ¹Çie Á? fE>Q À¢ ËÆe >º >º?Æ
>È Ä·J®? Á? G? Í»·jº ÀE b» ¹>® (ĶÇieÆ = ÏcA b® ľDª fmÙ=
6¹>¯ªÅ>I@ª6¹>®(K·£ªb®6¹>®(¹Ç®@ªÊ¶Ác@ª6¹>®(¼£¾6¹>®; =¹Çie
àÄç¿ö·ß»ßJí¶=Æð>vÈ?Æ6¹>®(Í®br¶=>¿¶@iÆ>¾>ç¿¢b®)U¿¶=£È)=dÂÁC
¼·ª6¹>®(Åfº?ÄɶCrÈ>ºCf¿¾ÎJUÄ¢b¾Á?Åf³¿ªÅ>¿£FI=b®>¾Dª6¹>®
*Hf=Ͷ>U >ðvÈ?ľDª¼·jºÅ=Æe Ä·J¯ªÄ¿ºÀ³»Ji=ÎJUÄ»·³È¹hÈ
ÀE b» >>® ¶= >«¶Ù= Á? η¢ Kr¾ OÈb= >«¶? K¾>² ÁCÆ Ä¾CÆ
Í»·jºÀEb»À³¶Æ(xÈf£I ÊÂ>CÆ(Hd³E KjɶÆ(±bqÍ»·jº
ÁcÝ= Äɪ ¸]bÈÆ ÐÊm ¸² Ķ Ác@ª ÐÊm ¸² ¹Ç¯È Á? Ác@Ji=
b?ÄQf]?>º>º?Æ *Hf=Ͷ>U¸]=aÇÂÆ(ð>Ç·IÆð>frIHd³¶=
.,,
U¿¶=ľ=dÒJi=Ø¢ÀET>R=Ír®k¾?OÈbUÀºÊÑ>j¿¶=Æ
¿¶=ĶÁc?Æͳº¸Â?ÀºÄ¶>ºtØ^Ji=ÄJV·rÐ>m>ºÄ¿¢¹Ç¯ÈÁ?
´¶d²¸]bÈľDª(»·j==ǺhÂÉ]¸Â?Á?ͳº¸ÂÙÅe>F]CÆU
»·j= ¤º ÍÉ·£ª HfU Ͷ>U =Ǿ>² ͳº ¸Â? ÁÙ (Hf= Ͷ>U
d]Ù Ð=b¢Ù= e>«³¶= b¿¢ GÂ=c ÇÂÆ (»·j= Àº Ø¢ ÀE T>R=Æ
ÀNJjÈ ÍÉFÈb=X·qÁ?Íq>~Æ(´¶c¤¿ÍÉ·£«¶= Hf=Ͷ>UÆ(Ķ>º
cC *Hd³¶=Ķg>Q´¶d¶Æ(ÍÉ·£«¶=Hf= ½>³U?ÀºÍ³º¼·j=¹>º
»·j»·¶gǸE(Ee>=η¢×Æ(Ͳf£=η¢frJ¯È×Hd³¶=g=ÇQ
>º?Æ *¼Ã£ºÍÉ·£ªHfUͶ>U=Ǿ>²=cC¼ÃÑ=b¢?e>«³¶=η¢=ÇEd³ÈÁ?
ÄE ¤ªa Æ? (¼·jº ÄE ¤«¾ >º ×C HÇJ³º Hd³¶= 6 «·Ee=hF¶=ÄQf]?>º
ÀE a>Èg ÀE Àf¶= bF¢Æ ÀÈbme Åb¿i Æ 6bÑ=Æh¶= ¤»
¹>® Ä¿¢
X·rÈتÄESJ×Æ aª¬É£uOÈbUÇêÄÉ·¢ÆÁ>«É£u>»ÂÆ(¼£¾?
*Ø
ð ɶa
6PØM ×C ¸ ×Æ (½=fU Ä·² Hd³¶= ÁDª ´¶c η¢Æ
Ì?f= OÈbUÆ (ÄI?fº= ¸Qf¶= OÈbUÆ (l>¿¶= E \ØqÝ=Æ (Hf=
ð>º>¢ ÁAf¯¶= Ð>Q Hd³¶= ¼Èf ÁÙ (ð>£ì® ½=fU >Â=b¢ >ºÆ *>ÃQÆg
E\ØqÝ=Æ(Hf=¦Ärr]ÆOÈb=Ð>Rª(Hd²¸²¸»nÈ
PØN¶=ÅdÂοNJi=Æ(>ÃQÆgÌ?f=OÈbUÆ(ÄI?fº=¸Qf¶=OÈbUÆ(l>¿¶=
Á?Æ >»Éi × (½=fU >Â=b¢ >ºÆ (ð×ØU >ÂbUÆ Ê K¾>³ª (ͺf= Àº
×C½=fU½aAÀE=η¢Ä·²Hd³¶= 6¹>¯ªPØM¸=frUOÈb=
×Cl>¿¶=¹Ç¯È>ÐÊms]fÈ¿¶= ¤? 6¹>®Æ ¹>r]PØM
OÈa>UÙ=Æ *½=fU >¦ Á? £È fr= =dÂÆ *= *** Hf= 6PØM
.,-
. ! "#$ % &
'() *+, ' -
/ 0
12 34 56 )#
0<#= / > >
+?@ A B56 '() 7 8 % 9 1 1:;
C 7 1)@)DE F G?D 1: H$ % I
' -
% 0<#C >
+?@ 1 1: J+?@% I * K L= 3))M
/ )& 1 12 ) .H$ % I N OP 14 ' - N
HQ( L R# + '() *+, 9 L 0
' - L< 0<#=
S)T L
B56 '() N/ 0
9 1 12 .H$ % )#
Z)[ N/ W :)U 0V)M I< ; W- X@ 6+Q
\( ]
1 / ^+< 1)< 1 )# .N N Z GD
\M `= ' - 0
Q `= 0<#= 5 ; ,_
0
K L< 0<#= *+, ' - 0
12 8 BI Ha
.)# 8)[ ( ( .Cb N 8& cI '() *+,
» :8 ( N/ d O L; eT 1 c fQ Gg@
" #
!
+ ,-( '( - . :$
%& '( )%*& :$
4 5 678 609& :$ .0( 12 '( - :$
%&
/
.«;< 7 1 4
=>( 1
k[jRJ¶=
e>F]Ù= kQ ͧ·¶= ¹>¯È (e>F]Ù= sV«I Ç kjRJ¶=
b¯ªe>F]Ù=s^n¶=sV«I=cDª*lÇi>=Ä¿ºÆ(>ÿ¢sV«I>ÃjjÆ
ت (ÍÉ«^= Æ? ÌfÂ>¶= e>F]Ù= sV«I Ð=Çi lÇi>Q ÇÂÆ (>Ãjj
(ð>jjÁdzÈÎJUð=e=fi?Ë?(ÍÉ«ÁdzIÁ?e>F]Ù=sV«InÈ
¦Æe=fiÙ=Ë?(fÃÈ>ºÆ>ÿºÎ«>ºe>F]Ù=sV«IÇÂkjRJ¶=¸E
Ä·»¢ ÁÇ³È Á? ÁÆaÆ (sV«I ÁÆa >ðÉ£ÉF{ Ð>Ém? Ï?e =cC >º? *e=fiÙ=
×´¶c¸²ÁDª(e>F]Ù>E¼JÂ=Æ?(>Âfn¿¶e>F]?¤Æ?(e>F]Ù=sV«I
sV«I Ä·»¢ Àº À³È Æ (e>F]Ù= sV«JÈ ½=a >º >ðjj ÁdzÈ
ÁÙ *>ðjjÁdzÈ×L×>=Åd¸Nºe>F]Ù=¤FJIǶÎJU(e>F]Ù=
zf§¶>Ãɪ°É®bJ¶=Æ>ãFJJEÁdzÈ>CkjRJ¶=ÇÂËd¶=e>F]Ù=sV«I
zf§¶ >ï®bÈ × Çê >ã»Rɶ e>F]Ù= ¤FJJÈ Àº >º? *>ÃÉ·¢ ¥Ø{×=
¤FJJÈÀ¹>¯È×´¶cη¢Æ*l>¿¶=η¢>Âfn¿É¶>㻸E>ÃÉ·¢¥Ø{×=
ÁdzÈÁ?×C(lÇi>QÐ>F¾Ù=L×>²ÆÆbÑ=f=Ê·i=f»²>ã»Æe>F]Ù=
¹>= Åd ʫª *Í·ÉiÆ L×>²Ç¶=Æ bÑ=f= Í·i=fº d=Æ kjRJ¶= Ä·»¢
Ç ķ»¢ Ádz¶ ¸E (e>F]Ù= ¤FJJÈ Ø
ð i=fº ľdz¶ × >ðiÇi>Q ÁdzÈ
Àº N² ¤º ¹>= Ê >»² ÍÉì§J·¶ Í·ÉiÆ Í·i=f= d=Æ (kjRJ¶=
ËfVJ¶= ÌfÑ=a ǫǺ >º?Æ *¼Ã¿º ÉEf= e>«³¶= >»Éi ×Æ (·i=f=
ÁÙkÉi=ÇQ¼Ã¾Dªe>F]Ù=ÁÇrV«JÈÀ¼Ã·²>mÀºÆʾ>N¶=GJ³=Æ
*kj¼Ã·»¢
ľDªkjRJ¶=¼³U>º? *lÇi>=¤®=ÆÆkjRJ¶=¤®=ÆÇÂ=dÂ
.,/
Æ?(»·j=η¢kjRJ¶=Á>²ÁDª*¼ÃÉ·¢kjRJÈÀºØJ]>E¬·J
Á>² ÁCÆ (gÇ ×Æ ½=fVª »·j>² >È>¢e ¼Â ÀÈd¶= ɺd¶= η¢
ľDª >ð»³U ½? ͯɯU ÉEfU =Ǿ>²? Ð=Çi ÉEf= e>«³¶= η¢ kjRJ¶=
»·j= η¢ kjRJ¶= ÁDz >º? *Í«É·= η¢ GQ=ÆÆ (»·j»·¶ hÑ>Q
SM{iU
Wc@6>£I¹>®ÁAf¯¶=XÈfrEKE>Nª>ðº=fUÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=>È>¢eη¢Æ
YXT ³2Ù2¯ ¨FCÀ X¹ØÈW E¯ ¨FCÀ ]C°K% =nm°:[ SÈ°AW*ÕB SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ°
¸²¸»nɪ½>¢Êÿ¶==dÂÆ *kjRJ¶=À¢ÍÈÛ==Îÿª > S¾SIU%
½?ͶÆb·¶ð>jjÁ>²?Ð=ÇiÆ(ŧ¶½?Äj«¿¶ð>jjÁ>²?Ð=Çi(kj
½?¼²>=(kjRJ¶>EË?ÄE½Ç¯ÈËd¶=Á>²?Ð=ÇiÆ(LØJ³J·¶½?a=fªÚ¶
*½=fUÄ·³ª(kjľ?ÄÉ·¢°Fì¿ÈÐÊm¸²¸»nȽ>¢½Ø³¶>ª *½Ç³=
=¹ÇieÁC6×>®Íº>º?ÊE?Æa=b¯=À¢Åb¿jEaÆ=aÇE?Æb?Tf]?b®Æ
*¼Âbjª?l>¿¶=ÍFÈf¶=ΧJE==cCºÙ=ÁC 6¹>®U
ÌfÑ=a >ð«Çº¸§JnÈÁ?¼·j»·¶gǸÂ6ÇÂƹ=ÖiafÈ>¿ÂÆ
ÀºÆ?>÷»¢Ádzȶ=fÑ=Æb¶=Àº>¦Æ?(OU>F=ÌfÑ=aÆ?(ËfVJ¶=
kjRJ·¶Í«ÉǶ=K¾>²ÁDª(f¿È´¶cη¢H=Ç=Æ ; kjRJ¶=>÷»¢
ÇÂcC(gÇت»·j>²>È>¢e¼ÂÀÈd¶=ɺd¶=η¢Æ?(»·j=η¢
e=aʺd¶=ÁÙ(¼·j=¤¿>»²Êºd¶=Ä¿º¤¿Æ(ÁAf¯¶=XÈfrE½=fU
bÑ>¯£¶>E>ÿº°·£JÈ>º×CÄj«¾Î·¢½ØiÝ=½>³U?°ÉFìJEG{>½ØiÝ=
e>«³¶=η¢kjRJ·¶Í«ÉǶ=K¾>²ÁC>º?Æ *>ÿºkɶ=dÂÆ(L=a>F£¶=Æ
gÇcC(gÇľDªÀÈbÂ>£ºÆ¿º@JjºÀº>¾aØEÁÇ·]bÈÀÈd¶=ÉEf=
(ð>»³U ½? ͯɯU ÉEfU =Ǿ>²? Ð=Çi (ÉEf= e>«³¶= η¢ kjRJ¶=
ÌfÑ=a aÇQÆ ÁDª ´¶c η¢Æ *>¾aØE ½? ¼ÂaØE ´¶c Á>²? Ð=ÇiÆ
ÇÂ>Ãɪ½=f=Æ(GQ=ƸE½=f}kɶ>÷²>m>ºÆ?OU>F=Æ?ËfVJ¶=
.,0
gÇت*»·j>²>È>¢e¼ÂÀÈd¶=ɺd¶=η¢Æ»·j=η¢kjRJ¶=
½f¸E(>È>¢f¶=fÑ>iη¢Æ»·j=η¢kjRJ·¶ÌfÑ=abQÇIÁ?ͶÆb·¶
ÍÉ¢f¶= e>F]? f£I Á? ÊvJ¯I ͶÆb¶= ÍV·rº ÁC ¹>¯È ×Æ *´¶c >ÃÉ·¢
f£IÁ?À³Í¶Æb¶=ÁÙ(ºf=CËbJÃIÆ(L=fº=Ö=¬n³IÎJU
ÁDzÁ?η¢*kjRJ¶=°Èf{À¢kɶÆ(kj£¶=ÆÍ{fn¶=°Èf{À¢´¶c
¼ÈfVJ·¶Í·¢ÁdzÈ×ÍV·rkɶÆ?(ÍV·rºÐÊn¶=´¶cÁ?Ïfȸ¯£¶=
ÁAf¯¶=L>ÈAÁ?η¢*ÍV·r=ÇêÍV·rº¥fn¶=Å=fÈ>º>CÆ(ÍU>EÝ=Æ?
ÍV·rºÄɪ>»¢OÈbV·¶Á>³ºÎ¯FÈ×ÐÊm¼ÈfÍfqÊI@IU
ÁAf¯¶=Æ (XÈfr¶= ÁAf¯¶= s¾ ½>º? ´¶d¶ ͻɮ × cC (ð×ØU Ä·£Q ¸É·£J¶
¦¼ÃªC¸ÉFi×Æ(kjRJ¶=À¢Êÿ¶=£È > S¾SIU% YXT @6¹Ç¯È
½Ç»¢sr¸É¶aË?afÈÆ*>ë¶XÈfqÇÂ>ºÆÍÈÛ=ÄÉ·¢¹bI>º
(kj ¸² ¸»nI >úǻ¢ η¢ ίFJª >ðÒÉm >ÿº NJjÈ Æ? (ÍÈÛ= ÅdÂ
*½=fUÄ·²>È>¢f¶=η¢kjRJ¶=Ádzɪ
¼Â ÀÈd¶= ɺd¶= η¢ Æ? »·j= η¢ kjRJ·¶ ÍFj¿¶>E =dÂ
Ð=ÇiÉEf=e>«³¶=η¢Éºd¶=Æ»·j=kj>º? *»·j>²>È>¢e
aÆeǶÍÈÛ=½Ç»¢ÀºÎ¿NJjºÇêð>»³UÉEfU½?ͯɯUÉEfU=Ǿ>²?
e>«³¶= >º? *ÉEf= e>«³¶= §E kjRJ¶= ¼Èf Krr] OÈa>U?
Í«É·] η¢ GQ=ÆÆ (»·j»·¶ hÑ>Q ¼ÃÉ·¢ kjRJ¶= ÁDª ÁÇÉEf=
O£E U¿¶=Á?½>nÂÀE=ÌiÐ>Qb¯ª *ͶÆb¶=η¢Ë?»·j=
ð>E>J²Ä¶GJ²Æ(ÀÈfQ>Ã=ÀºÂeÍɾ>Ä£ºO£EÆoVQÀE=bF¢
×Æ(ÄEÅfº?>Êv»Éª(Äɪf¿È¼MºÇÈjÈÎJUÄɪf¿È×Á?Åfº?Æ
H>J³¶=XJªºÇÈoVQÀE=bF¢e>i>»·ª*=ðbU?ÄE>Vq?ÀºÅf³JjÈ
ͳºEÍ·¹h[¿IÎJUóxº>ª=dÂÊE>J²Lf¾=cC 6Äɪ=cDªÄɪf¿ª
.,1
fº@ÈH>J³¶==dÂÊ«ª*¼Âe>F]?Àº>¿¶¼·£IÆ(ð>nÈf®>ÃEbqª(¬Ñ>ì¶=Æ
ÀºÄ»·£ÈÁ@EÆ(oÈf®Î·¢Ä¶kjRJ¶>EoVQÀE=bF¢ U¹Çif¶=
ľDªÇÂ>º?(×Æ?Ä£º=ÆjÈÁ? ÄE>VqÙÉ^J¶=¸£Ä¿³¶Æ *>Âe>F]?
(¤É»=ÀºkjRJ¶>E½>ɯ¶=G·{b®¹Çif¶=Ádzɪ *ÊvÁ?ÄÉ·¢½h£È
ÍFj¿¶>EG·ì¶=Á?η¢¸É¶a=dÂÆ(®>F¶=fçÉ]Æ(=bF¢Î·¢½h¢Ä¿³¶Æ
Á>³ª(½g>Q¦G·{Ä£ºÀŧ¶ÍFj¿¶>EÆ(½g>QG·{Í¢>»=ºÙ
Øð ɶaÆ(½=f}kɶÆ(hÑ>QÆb£¶=η¢»·j=kjÁ?η¢ðØɶa´¶c
Àº Æb£¶= η¢ kjRJ¶= Á? η¢ *ͶÆb¶= η¢ GQ=Æ kjRJ¶= Á? η¢
HfV·¶oÉQÀÈdzI¼JÈت(»·j=oÉQ>ÿ¢§JjÈ׶=eǺÙ=
ÍÉiÇi>= aÇQÆ e>rª (ÅÆb¢ η¢ Ķ ÍÉiÇi>Q Ä£º ÁdzI Á? ÁÆa
*$GQ=ÆÇêÄE×CGQ=Ƕ=¼JÈ×>º%H>EÀºÍ¶Æb¶=η¢ð>FQ=ÆoÉ=
>º? *>ðFQ=ÆÆ?ð=hÑ>QÆ?ð>º=fUľDzOÉUÀºkjRJ¶=¼³U=dÂ
ØJ]>E ¬·J^Jª ÉEf= e>«³·¶ kjRJÈ Ëd¶= lÇi>= ÍEǯ¢ ¼³U
ð>iÇi>Q ÁÇ³È U ÊEf= fª>³¶= >º? *Ä¿Èa ØJ]>EÆ lÇi>= ÍÉ£E>I
ľ?ͪf£ºafR¸J¯ÈÆ´¶c¦Ä¶¼³U×Æ(ð=bU=Æð×Ç®¸J¯¶=Ä»³UÁDª
À¢ Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe > ´¶cÆ *>ðiÇi>Q ľDz LÇFM afR Ë? (lÇi>Q
(f«i ÇÂÆ ²fn= Àº ãÀáÉߢ U ¿¶= ÎI? 6¹>® ¥Ç²Ù= ÀE Í»·i
(ÅÇ·J®>ª ÅÇF·{= 6 U ¿¶= ¹>¯ª (ä¸j¾= ¼M PbVJÈ ÄE>Vq? b¿¢ k·Rª
6 «·E ͺf³¢ ÍÈ=Æe Àº ¼·jº b¿¢Æ ÄF·i ·«¿ª ÄJ·J¯ª ÄɶC ¼ÃJ¯Fjª
f¿È¸£QÆ(½Ç¯¶=¤ºÏb§JȽb¯I¼M¸»=ÄEbɯªÄåFí̄UÀºð>¯í·í{¥hJ¾>ª
ÊEÙ ÍÈ=Æe Æ bJnÈ Tf] cC Ì>nº >¿v£EÆ fö= Í®eÆ Í«£u >¿ÉªÆ
ľDªÅDzea? 6kÉ»£¶=ÊE?À¢Ê¾>»=ÎÉ°Èf{ÀºTf^Jj=¼É£¾
ÅÇF·{=¹>®lÇi>Qľ?Åb¿¢KFMÁ?afR¹Çif¶=Á@EXÈfq=dê¢
.,2
¸J¯¶=Ä»³UÁdzɪ(½g>QG·{G·ì¶=Á?η¢Í¿Èf®ÁdzÈ> *ÅÇ·J®>ª
(ð>¿º@Jjº½?(ð=bÂ>£ºÁ>²?Ð=Çi(ÊEfUfª>²¸²½>¢ÇÂÆ(ð=bU=Æð×Ç®
Á>² =cC ¸J¯¶= Ä»³U ÊEfU fª>² Ä·³ª (Àº@Jjº ×Æ bÂ>£º ¦ ½?
*>ðiÇi>Q
b®Á>²ÁDªÄɪf¿ÈľDªð>iÇi>QÁdzÈUʺd¶=fª>³¶=>º?
¸»£ÈľDª(¸J¯ÈkjÁCÆ(kjRJÈ×Á?ͺd¶=ĶÇ]aUfm
ÄÉ·¢nÈÁC>º?Æ(fn¶=GjU¸J¯Èð>iÇi>Qe>q=cDª(fn¶>E
η¢ >ðFQ=Æ kɶ Ä·J® Á? ×C bÈbn¶= ¤QÇ= fÈh£J¶= Ê ÄJEǯ¢ ÁDª ´¶c
*įE>j²Íºd¶=b¯¢´¶cÄÉ·¢nÈÆͶÆb¶=>È>¢eÀºÄ¾Ù½>ºÝ=
ɺd¶=Æ»·j=η¢Æb£·¶kjRJÈËd¶=¼·j=lÇi>=>º?Æ
>ð¿É¢ Á>²Æ Á>ÉU ÀE L=fª ¸J¯E fº? U ¹Çif¶= ÁÙ ¸J¯àÈ × Ä¾Dª
(Ä¿¢ ¸J¯¶= ¤ªe ¼·jº ľ? ¼¢hÈ Ä¾C = ¹Çie >È (=Ƕ>® >»·ª (²fn»·¶
¼Ã¿º(¼Ã¾>CC¼Ã·³¾ ð×>Qe¼³¿ºÁC 6aÆ=aÇE?ÄQf]?>»Éª U¹>®Æ
6Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ *>ð»·jºe>qľDzķJ®À¢¬³¶=Íõ·£å ªí(Á>ÉUÀEL=fª
Eh¶=Æ>¾? U =¹ÇieN£E6¹>®Ä¿¢=ÊueG¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢À¢
(Í¿É£ >ÃE Áä Dª `>] ÍuÆe =ÇI@I ÎJU =ǯ·ì¾= 6¹>®Æ aÇiÙ= ÀE a=b¯=Æ
(ÍuÆf¶=C>¿ÉÃJ¾=ÎJU(>¿·É]>¿EÏa>£I>¿¯·ì¾>ª(>ÿºÅÆd^ª(H>J²>ãºÆ
6>¿·¯ª (H>J² Ê£º >º K¶>¯ª (H>J³¶= ÊQf]? >¿·¯ª (Í¿É£¶>E À =cDª
=¹ÇieÄE>¿ÉI@ª(>Ãq>¯¢ÀºÄJQf]@ª(H>ÉN¶=çÀßÉå̄ï·à¿í¶Æ?H>J³¶=çÀQf^àJ¶
x£FE¼Âͳº¸Â?Àºl>¾?C Í£J·EÊE?ÀEG{>UÀº6Äɪ=cDª U
¹Çie>È6¹>®; G{>U>È=dÂ>º6 U=¹Çie¹>¯ª( U=¹Çiefº?
(>Ãj«¾? Àº À²? Æ (oÈf® ð>¯r·º ?fº= K¿² ʾC (çÊ·¢ ¸R£I × =
(¼=Ǻ?ƼÃÉ·Â?>ÃEÁǻͳL>E=ßfí®¼ÀÈfQ>Ã=Àº´£ºÀºÁ>²Æ
.,3
(E=f®>ÃEÁÇ»ð=bȼÂb¿¢d=Á?¼ÃɪGj¿¶=Àº´¶cI>ªcCKFFU@ª
=¹Çie¹>¯ª(½ØiÝ=b£Ef«³¶>E>ue×Æ(ð=a=bIe=×Æ(ð=f«²K·£ª>ºÆ
(°ª>¿==d°¿¢Hfu?¢a=¹Çie>È6f»¢¹>¯ª(¼³®bqb¯¶ 6 U
ebE ¸Â? η¢ ¤·{= b® ÁÇ³È Á? = 縣¶ ´ÈebÈ >ºÆ (ð=ebE bÃm ľC 6¹>®
η¢ÄɪKFMb®OÈb==dê *¼³¶ Lf«¦ b¯ª ¼JÒm >º =Ç·»¢C 6¹>¯ª
Á? η¢ ´¶c ¹bª (¹Çif¶= Ä·J¯È Æ »·j= η¢ kj ľ? G{>U
OÈb=ÁÙ(ebE¸Â@Et>]´¶cÁC¹>¯È×Æ *¸J¯È×¼·j=lÇi>=
bÉ«È>aeÆs¿¶=Á>²ÁCÆľÙ(´¶c¹>¯È×(ebE¸Â?ÀºÄ¾Ç³E¸·£º
ÀEL=fªÀ¢b?OÈbUÁ?ò×C(ÍÉ·£¶=Ä¿º¼Ã«IÄQÆη¢°ÉiÆ(¸É·£J¶=
OÈb= =d Àº ÍÉ·£¶= Ê«¿È (>ð»·jº e>q ľ٠¸J¯¶= Ä¿¢ ¤ªe b® Á>ÉU
OÈbU¹>¯È×Æ*ebE¸Â?ÀºkɶÁ>ÉUÀEL=fªÁÙ¤®=ƬqÆÄ·£Æ
×ÆGFÀEb»¹×b¶=½>»ÂÇE?Åa>¿iCaÆ=aÊE?b¿¢Á>ÉUÀEL=fª
b?ÏÆeb®Ä¾Ù´¶c¹>¯È×(ËeÇN¶=Á>É«iÀ¢ÄÈÆfÈÇÂÆÄNÈb}SJ
Ëe>^F¶=°«I=ÀÇÂÆ(ËfrF¶=Ëfj¶=ÀEfnEÁ>É«iÀ¢OÈb==dÂ
Á?η¢¸É¶aÇÂÆÄESJÆKE>MOÈb>ª *ÄNÈb}T>RJU×=η¢¼·jºÆ
Êu>¯¶=Å=fÈ>ºGjUŦÆkF>EG®>£È>CÆ(¸J¯È×¼·j=lÇi>=
*Í«É·=Æ?
fª>³¶= Æb£·¶ ɺd¶=Æ »·j= η¢ kjRJ¶= Ä·² =dÂÆ
¸E(ÊEf=fª>³·¶kɶË?(Æb£·¶×»·j=η¢kjRJ¶=>º? *ÊEf=
GIfÈ >ðº=fU ľDz ¤º ľDª (ͶÆb·¶ Æ? (»·j Æ? (ÍÉiÇi>= af
*fÈh£J¶=ÄJEǯ¢ÁdzJª(Í¿É£ºÍEǯ¢G¾d¶==d¥fn¶=
.,4
Í[¾b[=
½>¢ >ðnÈf® U ÄJ¾a>à (hÑ>Q e>«³¶=Æ »·j= E ;b= b¯¢
fn¾Æ?a>Ã=>ÃÉvJ¯ÈÍV·rºaÇQÇEbɯºÍ¾b=g=ÇQÀ³¶Æ *ÍÉFÈb=
Ì@{=ǺÁ?ÍÉFÈb=CÅjº¸F®Ä§·E U=¹ÇieÁ?´¶cÆ *ÌÇ¢b¶=
ÀºÄ¢ÇQeb£Eea>Eľ?Æ *»·j=Æh¦Î·¢Í³ºÆÉ]¸Â?EK¾>²
µÇ·= C ¸if¶= ¹>ieC C ´¶d²ea>EÆ É] Æh¦ C Ìfm>Fº ÍÉFÈb=
ÍV·rK¾>²ÍÉFÈb=;bÂÁ?η¢¹bÈ>(½ØiÝ=C¼ÂÇ¢bÈÐ=fºÙ=Æ
Hf ©f«JÈ Á? oÈf® Í¢a=Ç ¥>ìJi= cC *ÌÇ¢b¶= fn¾Æ a>Ã>E °·£JI
Åd aÇQÆ ½b¢ b¿¢ ;b= gÇ ×Æ *Ð=fºÙ=Æ µÇ·= ÌÇ¢b¶Æ (É]
¤¯È ¹ô >U ×ò C gÇ × ÇÂÆ (zÆf«= ¹>J¯¶= µfI ;b= cC (ÍV·r=
SÄ=¯IV" ZVÙ @6>£I¹>® *ο£ºð×>J®ÁdzIdÒ¿ÉU>þÙ(¹>J¯¶=CðÍ·ÉiÆ
*>§¬®¨×1ÅQ X+ÚÅU Ô2ÅXn°,WcCVXT×1Å\ÈW%XTWD×SQ ÕÃ)]¿2È)5U XTª2Ú rQ¯ÜSÄÃÕiV"XT
*>ͺǷ£ºÍ¿É£ºÌbºfÈb¯IG;b=b¯£¶ÍV·r=K¯¯=cCÆ
Ìb=f²cÀ¢Ä®Ø{CÆK®Öºb¯¢>þÙ(ÌbºfÈb¯IÁÆa;a>Ã=gÇ×Æ
ÁÙ(ð>»Ñ>®a>Ã=ίFÈÎJU(;b=b¯¢¤¿J»=bÉE@J¶=ÄÑ>vJ®×Åbj«È
Àº fm ;b= Í¿É£º Ìbº fÈb¯IÆ *zfª ÇÂÆ (a>Ã= ¤¿ >ÂbÉE@I
;bÂÁÙ(;b=b¯¢bjª(>ÃɪͿɣºÌbºeb¯I=cDª(>ÃJVqÆfm
*Í¿É£ºÌbº>ÃɪLeb®b®K¾>²ÍÉFÈb=
b¯¢Ì>¢=fºÆ(¼Ã¿¢¬³¶=>¿É·¢GQÆKVqÆ;b=Lb¯¢=cCÆ
¼Ã¿ºXÈfrJE>Ãv¯¾ÁdzÈÆ(¼Â>ÂÇv¯¿ÈÆ?(>ÃIbºÊv¯¿IÎJU;b=
(;b=Æfn¶¬¶>ÐÊm¸£ªÆ?(>¾e=bEʺcÆ?¼·jº¸J®Æ?(>¿¶>J¯EÆ?
.,5
¼Ãɪ;b=x¯¿I´¶c¸rU=cDª *¸£ª×ƹǯEÄÉ·¢ÁÇ®>F¶=f³¿ÈÆ
(;b=Åe>ÃCx¯¿È>ÐÊnE¼ÃJ¾>É]ͶÆb¶=Kª>]=cC´¶d²Æ *>ð£É
´¶cÀºÐÊm¸rU=cCÆ*;b÷¶ð>v¯¾=dÂÁ>²(´¶dEÌe>º?LfÃÁ@E
XÉFÈ;b÷¶¼Ãv¯¾ÁÙ *=ðe>þÆ?ðØɶK®Æ¸²¼ÃÉ·¢Ìe>¦Ý=Lg>Q
Áa>Â>U¹Çif¶=ÁÙ(¼Ã£ºÍ¾b==Çv¯¿ÈÁ?Æ(¼ÂÇ·I>¯ÈÁ?»·j»·¶
XJªÆ¼Ã·I>¯ª(¼Ã¿ºÄÉ·¢ð>ºfÁ>²>º¼Ã¿ºÄ¶¸UÅbâKv¯¿ªð>nÈf®
6>£I¹>®(Äv¯¿EÆ?(ÄIbºÐ>[v¯¾>EÊÃJ¿ÈK®Öºb¯¢Í[¾b[=ÁÙ(ͳº
$4×SVC°%¦VÙVcU%%¯XT@6¹>®Æ> ×1ÈNPSÀ-jªW*ÔyVÙ×1ÅVSÀ-VW)Ôy\-VÙ@
°iØÈW C°K% 1ÀIX=\-ØcU ÜSÉ:V5 D¯XT @6¹>®Æ > ÄXS\y rQ"Wà Ô2¯IÙkV¯ Ök¯5VÙ <RW5Xj\
Ô2ÀIV ]C\-ØcU ,Y ×1ÀI5¯ ®mÙÝÁÙ VR-®U ÜSÉ °*VVÙ Õ0Á°=c°j r¯Û SÄ=\ÈV»XT ×1°F°iÕIWÃ
=Ç¢=fÈ Æ (;b= ÆfnE Ð=b¢Ù= ¸]? =cCÆ *> §ª«¨ |ESÀIW*AWc ×1ÀI \ÈV
¼ÂÕ>ºa>¿¶K·U´¶dEÆ(>¾bâÀº>¾Çò·U?b¯ª>¿£º¼ÃI>ªfrI>ÃJÉ®>«I=
Á?Æ(>¾Ç·I>®dº¼Ã·I>¯¾Á? >¿É·¢GRɪ(¼ÃEfU>¿É·¢GQÆÆ(¼=Ǻ?Æ
*>ÂÇv¯¾dº¼Ã£ºÍ¾b=x¯¿¾
.-,
ÍÈf³[j£¶=Ø[UÙ=
Á? ×ò C *ÅbÂ>¢ Àº Ä«¶>U ¹>¯È Í®=br¶=Æ bã¶= ͧ·¶= ¬·=
L=bÂ>£= η¢ °·ìI >º fN²? >þ@E >ÃÉ·¢ \Øìq×= e>q ¬·= Í»·²
Æ? J¶Æa E b¯£I L>®>«I= Ê ÍÈf³j£¶= ØUÙ=Æ *Íq>] ÍÈf³j£¶=
¸£ Æ? (>»Ã¿ÉE >ð²nº =ðÆb¢ >Ãv£E ¤º ¸I>¯I >»ÃmÇÉQ ¸£ fN²?
>»Â=bUCK£®Æ=cCÆ?(>»Ã¿ÉEͶa>FJºÍÉEf=L=ÆaÙ=ÆÍÈf³j£¶=L>ºÇ·£=
¶=ÍV·r=GjU¸]bI×Æ?>ãºÏf]Ù=¸]bJ¶Á=eÆ>nJIHfU
PØMÆ?J¶ÆaEb¯£IÍÉÑ>¿ML=bÂ>£ºÁdzIb®ØUÙ=ÅdÂÆ*>þ>ÈfÈ
Ð=bJ¢= ÌbÂ>£J= ¹Æb¶= ÏbUC η¢ Ð=bJ¢×= >Ãɪ J£È × À³¶Æ (fN²? Æ?
eÆ>nJI ÌbÂ>£J= ¹Æb¶= ÏbUC η¢ Ð=bJ¢= ¸rU =cC ¸E (>Ã£É >ÃÉ·¢
η¢Æ (Ëf³j¢ ¬·U >ÿÉEÆ >ÿÉE ¶= ¹Æb¶= ¤º >ÃÉ·¢ ÏbJ£= ͶÆb¶=
ÍÈbJ£=ͶÆb¶=bu>ÃÉ·¢ÏbJ£=ͶÆb¶=¤ºHf=À·£I>»ÃJV·rºÐÇu
Ð=bJ¢×=>ÃɪJ£ÈÍÉ¢>L=bÂ>£ºØUÙ=ÅdÂÁdzIb®Æ *À·£I×Æ?
>Â=bUC K£®Æ =cCÆ (>Ã£É >ÃÉ·¢ Ð=bJ¢= ÌbÂ>£J= ¹Æb¶= ÏbUC η¢
ÅdÂbuHfUͶ>UÌbÂ>£J=¹Æb¶=¤ÉKVFq?>ºÍ¶Æa¤ºHfU
L=bÂ>£ºÆ?(ÍÉÑ>¿ML=bÂ>£º K¾>²?Ð=Çi>÷²ØUÙ=ÅdÂÆ *ͶÆb¶=
À¢Æ Ä¿¢ ¤ª=bɶ Ä«É·U ¤º oÉ= He> Á? ¼J ´¶c ¦ ½? (ÍÉ¢>
*ÌbU=ÆÌa>É®Æ?Ìab£JºL=a>É®>K¾>²?Ð=Çi(ľ>ɲ
>ÃE½hJ·I×Æð>¢fmb¯£¿I×Æ(>Ãi>i?ÀºÍ·{>EØUÙ=ÅdÂÆ
¼·j=¸£cC(¥fn¶=¬¶>>þÙ(»·j=Í«É·]>Âb¯¢Ç¶ÎJUͺîÙ=
Á>ɲÐ>¯E¸Q?Àº¸I>¯ÈÄ·£Æ(f«²ÍÈ=eKÆ(fª>²ÌfºCK¸I>¯È
.--
KÆ(¼·jºÌfºCK×C¸I>¯ÈÁ?¼·j¸Øª*½=fUÄ·²´¶cÆ(f«²
ÍÈ=e K ¹>J¯¶= À¢ XÉVr¶= OÈb= Êÿ¶= aeÆ b®Æ *½ØiÝ= ÍÈ=e
¹Çie¹>®6¹>®k¾=À¢ÊÑ>j¿¶=Æb?ÏÆeb¯ª(¼ÃIfºCKÆe>«³¶=
ð=ÐÇu²fn=e>¾=Ç·£×Ë? ²fn= e>¿E =ÇÒÉvJjI × 6 U=
>Âfm bQÆ? Ë? (Hf= e>¾ áb®íÆ? ¹>¯ÈÆ (Hf= À¢ ÍÈ>¿² e>¿¶=Æ *¼³¶
b¿¢ >þÆb®ÇÈ ÍÉ·Â>= Hf£¶= K¾>² e>¾ ¸ÈÇÃJ¶= e>¾Æ (>ÃRçÉÂÆ
Ä¿º¼Ã«Éª(¼ÃÈ?ed]?Ʋfn=¤ºHf=À¢³ÈOÈb=Æ *¬¶>VJ¶=
*²fn=¤ºHf=À¢Êÿ¶=
¼Ã>«JU=¤º»·j=¤º ÁÇ·I>¯Èe>«³¶=¸£ >ðvÈ? ØUÙ=Æ
;>£Ji×= À¢ ¹Çif¶= Îþ b®Æ (a=fª@² × Í¶Æb² ÁÇ·I>¯È Ë? ¼Ã¾>ɳE
¹ÇieÁ? 6Ä¿¢=Êueµ>Vv¶=OÈbUÀºaeÆb¯ª *Á>ɳ²e>«³¶>E
; Ð×ÖÂÀº6¹>¯ªÐ>¿n]¹>®Æ?Ð>¿jUÍFÉJ²=cDªbUî?½ÇÈTf] U =
F³¶=ʾ=ì¶=Å=Æe e>«³¶>E £Jj¾ × 6¹>¯ª *=d²Æ =d² aÇÃÈ 6=Ƕ>®
bÉ ÊE? C Åb¿jE ±>jª (= bF¢ ÇE? ª>= ]? b®Æ *iÆÙ=Æ
ÍFÉJ²=cC¥=aǶ=ÍçÉ¿ß[M¬õ·ß]=cCÎJU U =¹ÇieTf] 6¹>®Ëb¢>j¶=
; =Ç»·i?Æ6¹>®½ØiÀE=bF¢ÂeÇÂÆ¥>¯¿É®E=Ƕ>®; Ð×ÖÂÀº6¹>®
£Jj¾ × >¾Dª (=Ç£Q·ª ¼ =ǶǮ 6¹>® (¼Ã¿Èa η¢ ¼Â ¸E (× 6=Ƕ>®
£Jj¾×½Ç»£¶=ͧÉrE¹>®ÆaÇÃɶ>E;>£Ji×=xªe¹Çif¶>ª²fn>E
(>¾Æb¢Î·¢e>«³¶>E£Jj¾>¾=¹>¯È×Æ *²fn>E£Jj¾×(e>«³¶>E
bU?Ä£ºHf=η¢Á>ºh®f®?¹Çif¶=ÁÙ(ÌhÑ>Qfª>³¶>E;>£Ji×=Æ
ÁÙ ´¶c ¹>¯È × (ÄEfU É] aÇÃÈ Àº l>¿E Á>£Ji=Æ (fª>² ÇÂÆ
ÀÈd¶=Ð×ÖÂÆ *»·j=ÍÈ=eKð=a=fª?=Ǿ>²=cCÌhÑ>Qe>«³¶>E;>£Ji×=
.-.
¥>¯¿É®EaÇÃÈÐ>Q>´¶d¶Æ*a=fª?¼ÂƼÃEÁ>£Ji=¹Çif¶=¼ÃEÁ>£Ji=
(¸F®Àº¹Çif¶==ÆbÂ>¢Í¶Æb²¼ÂÆ(¼ÂbUÆkÉÑe¼Í·ÉF®¼ÂÆ=ÆÐ>QÆ
=bF¢Âe¼ÂĶ¸É®Æ¹>=ÅdÂη¢¼ÂƹÇif¶=¤ºÁÇEe>=ÆÐ>Q
;>£Ji×= gÇ × ÄÉ·¢Æ *ÄQǶ= =d η¢ ¼ÃE ;>£Ji×= ÎE@ª (½Øi ÀE=
*Ìfª>³¶=ÄJ¶ÆaÍÈ=eKÆ(fª>²oÉ|
OÈbU Àº 6fÉßj¶= H>J² ÇjF= Êj]fj¶= ½>ºÝ= ¹>®
Ð>¿jUÍFÉJ²=cDªbUî? ½ÇÈTf] U =¹ÇieÁ?Ä¿¢=Êueµ>Vv¶=
£Jj¾ × 6¹>¯ª =d²Æ =d² aÇÃÈ 6=Ƕ>® ; Ð×Ö Àº 6¹>¯ª Ð>¿n] ¹>® Æ?
ÍÈ=e K ÁÇ·I>¯È × ¼Ãj«¾? ÀÈgh£Jº =Ǿ>² ¼Ã¾? Ä·ÈÆ@IÆ e>«³¶>E
>º@ª(»·j=ÍÈ=eKÁÇ·I>¯È=Ǿ>²=cC¼ÃE£Jj¾>C>¾b¿¢Æ(»·j=
U¿¶=À¢ËÆe>º¸ÈÆ@IÇÂÆ(¼ÃEÁ>£JjÈت¼Ãj«¾?ÍÈ=fE=Æaf«¾==cC
k¾?°Èf{ÀºÊÑ>j¿¶=Æb?Å=Æe ²fn=e>¿E=ÇÒÉvJjI× 6¹>®Ä¾?
¼·j=Á>²=cC£È *µfnº¤º¸I>®¼·jº¸²ÀºÔfE>¾? 6 U¹>®Æ
*²fn=ÍÈ=eK
½=fU Ìfª>³¶= ¹Æb¶= ¤º ÍÈf³j£¶= ØUÙ= Á? FJÈ ´¶c ÀºÆ
¸ÉFi ĺa ´«jÈ Á? Ķ ¸[ × ¼·[j= Á? η¢ *b¯£¿I ×Æ >ð[¢f[m
Àº ½ØiÝ==Ç·]bɶl>¿¶=¼·j=¸I>¯È>CÆ(ÊEfUfª>²À¢¥>ªb¶=
´«[jÈÆ f«³¶= C f[«[³¶= Àº =Ç·]bɶ e>«³¶= ¸I>¯È Á? >º@ª (f«³¶=
*½=fU=dêĺa´¶c
.-/
Ìh[Ñ>=L=b[Â>[£=
(e=Ç=ÀjUÆ(;b=ÆX·r¶=L=bÂ>£ºb¯£IÁ?ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb·¶
Àº ´¶c ÄE>m >ºÆ (Íɶ>=Æ ÍÈe>RJ¶= L=bÂ>£=Æ (Íɪ>¯M L=bÂ>£ºÆ
>Âf¯È ¶= Æfn¶>E ÍɺØiÝ= ÌÇ¢b¶= ÍV·rº >ÃÉvJ¯I ¶= L=bÂ>£=
¸ìFÈľDª½ØiÝ=>Âf¯È×ð>{ÆfmL=bÂ>£=ÅdÂK¿»vI=cCÆ *½ØiÝ=
Ê®>E Ìdª>¾ ÌbÂ>£= ίFIÆ (½ØiÝ= XrÈ × >º Æfn¶= Àº >ÿº
ÄÉ·¢°ª=ÆÆÄEÊueǶÆ(¸{>EÇê¥fn¶=¬¶>fm¸²ÁÙ*Æfn¶=
HfUͶ>U>Æb¢EÆÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶=EK¾>²=cDª *»·j=Í«É·]
ÄÉvJ¯È>ºGjU(X·qÌbÂ>£ºÆ(;bÂÌbÂ>£ºÄ£ºb¯£IÁ?>gÇľDª
Á?ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=L?e=cCÆ *ÌÇ¢b¶=ÍV·rºÄF·ìJI>ºÆ(dÒ¿ÉU¬®Ç=
ÍV·rº ÄÉvJ¯I fºÙ >ÿ¢ ÌbÉ£E ͶÆa Æ? (ÌeÆ>
ͶÆa ±a>rIÆ >jI
¤º L>¢a=Ç= ͶÆb¶= b b¯ª *´¶c ¸£«I Á? > gÇ Ä¾Dª (ÌÇ¢b¶=
(½ØiÝ= À¢ ¼Âb¿¢ ½>¢ Ë?e a>ÝÆ (¼ÃɶC ÌÇ¢b¶= ¸qÇJ¶ Ì=a? e>«³¶=
´¶d¶Æ (f]A Æb¢ C ¸qÇJ¶= Æ? (F² fm ¤ªa L>¢a=Ç= b b®Æ
>»²(e=ÇQÀjUÌbÂ>£ºÌeÆ>=¹Æb¶=¤ºb¯£IÁ?ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb·¶gÇ
=cC(Í¿É£ºÌbÐ=bJ¢=½b¢L=bÂ>£ºÌeÆ>=¦¹Æb¶=¤ºb¯£IÁ?gÇ
ÍV·rºÍÈ?Æ?(»·j»·¶ÍÈ>Æ?(ÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b·¶ð>¯Èf{´¶cL?e
U¹Çif¶=bÂ>¢b¯ª *ÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b¶=j¶Æ?(»·j»·¶Æ?½ØiÞ¶
bÂ>¢Æ(ÅÆb¢ÍEe>ÄnÉQ>ó·jȶ=±fì¶=ÀºÖɶÌf»uEÆbºE
aØEaÆbUη¢½Æf¶=ÍÃQÀºÍ¶Æb¶=aÆbUÀºÖɶµÇFIÍEÕeÀE>¿UÇÈ
f¾(ÐÊm§EͺǷ£º¿iÍ¢a=Ç=Hf=¸Â?Àº½Ç®G·{=cCÆ*½>n¶=
(Ä·£ª´¶c§¶Æ?(¼ÃJ²ÇmÌbn¶»·j»·¶ð=]ÅAeÁDª´¶cÍ«É·=
.-0
>q U¹Çif¶=ÁÙÆ > RNP ÕZX=ÕBVÙ ¥1Ú ° SÀUX=\B D¯XT @6>£IĶǯ¶
b®Æ(ͺǷ£ºÌbº¼Ã¿ÉEÆÄ¿ÉEHf=¤vÈÁ?η¢ÍÉFÈb=½>¢Í³º¸Â?
Æh¦Î·¢Í³ºÆÉ]¸Â?EK¾>²Ì@{=ǺÁ?ħ·E¹Çif¶=ÁÙ´¶cÁ>²
*É]ÍEe>GÂc¼Mð>nÈf®¥a=Ǫ»·j=
C >Âb¯¢ ½b¢ Æ? >Âb¯¢ fº? µÈ >÷² ÌhÑ>= L>¢a=Ç= Æ
ÌÇ® «U f¿¶= ÀºÆ (ð=f>¾ Gr¾ Í«É·= ÁÙ (Åa>ÃJQ=Æ Í«É·= Ë?e
e>«³·¶ K¾>² =cC »·j»·¶ ÍV·rº Í¢a=Ç= ÏfÈ b¯ª *×ð Æ? »·j=
bÈbml@E¼½Ç®C¸qÇJɶHf=e=aÀ£Á?CT>JU=Æ?(ͲÇm
Í«É·= Ë?f¶ ͶDzǺ Ͷ@j>ª *įÈf{ η¢ Àº ¥a=ÇÈ Á? Àº =ðbä E b ت
»·j»·¶ð=]Í¢a=Ç=À³IÁCÆ»·j»·¶ð=]ÏfÈ>ºGj}>Âeb¯È
¿2È)5U XT ª2Ú rQ¯ ÜSÄÃÕiV"XT SÄ=¯IV" ZVÙ @6>£IĶǯ¶(¼Ã¢a=ÇÈÁ?ʧF¿Èت
×ed¢¦ÀºzfªÇÂ>ºµfIÆ(zfªe>«³¶=¹>J®ÁÙÆ > WD×SQ ÕÃ)]
»·j=ÀºÍºd¶=Hf=¸Â?ÀºÍ¶ÆaÆ?º?Æ?´·ºG·{=cCÆ *gÇ
×>ŦÆ?G·qÆ?¸J®ÀºÐ>m>ÄJ³·¸Â?¼³µàÈÁ?η¢
Á>³ºC¤º¼·¶=η¢fÈf¯J¶=ÁÙ(´¶cCGRàȽØiÝ=e=aX·rÈ
Lغ>£=C¤QfÈ>»Éª½ØiÝ=½>³U?½hJ·ÈÀºÊºd¶=ÁÙÆ(½=fU¤¿=
b¯£¶=GQǺØ~ÇÂͶÆb¶=Æ?ºÙ=Æ?´·=ÄF·ìÈËd¶=fn¶==dê
×>ºÄ{ÆfmÀº¸ìE=dÂη¢Íºd¶=ÆX·r¶=Êì¢?ÁDª*¸{>EfmÇê
(¸{>EÇê=H>J²kɶfm>? 6 UĶǯ¶(½ØiÝ=X·rÈ
ͺc e>q ½ØiÝ= ¼³} ÊueÆ Íºd¶=Æ X·r¶= G·{ ÁCÆ *Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe
aØF¶= >û³ Á>² ¶= aØF¶= K·]aÆ (½ØiÝ>E ¼å³Uà Æ (»·j»·¶
¼ÃIfr¾Le>qÆ(ÍɺØiÝ=aØF¶=À¢ð>¢>ªa>ÿ¢¥>ªb¶=e>qÆ(ÍɺØiÝ=
*»·j=Ìfr¿²ÍFQ=Æ
.-1
>þǷ]bÈͶÆb¶=ÅdÂ>È>¢eÀº»·j=aØE¸]aÀºÆ *>÷ÂÙ zf£JÈ
Á? gÇ ×Æ (Í¢a=Ç= ÏÇi bÈbQ Á>º? C T>J ×Æ (ÌbÂ>£= Á>º@E
ͶÆb¶=ÅdÌe>RJ¶=¸Àºe>RJ¶=¤¿×Æ *»·j=ÀºbU?Ķzf£JÈ
ÄE>m >ºÆ ÍÉEf= a=Ç=Æ \Øj¶>² (Hf= ¸»£JjI ¶= L=ÆaÙ= ×ò C
*¢a=Ǻ=Ǿ>²ÁCÆHfU¸Â?¼Ã¾Ù(´¶c
C ÁÇ»·j= ¤ªbÈ Á? ÊÂÆ (ÆÙ= Ͷ>= k³¢ 6Íɾ>N¶= Ͷ>=
Æb£¶= fq>U ÁC ľ? Ð>﫶= f²c b®Æ *¼Ã¿¢ ÄIdzi ¸E>¯º ×ð >º ¼ÂÆb¢
ð>ÒÉme>«³·¶ÁÇ»·j=ËaÖÈÁ?η¢ÍºÇ·£º¿iÍ¢a=Ç==ÇF·{Æ(»·j=
Íɾb¶= Àº Äɪ > ´¶c C ¼ÃFÉ Á? Í«É·^·¶ ʧF¿È ت (Í¿i ¸² >ðºÇ·£º
η¢ µØ= ÁÇ»·j= > Á? ÇÂÆ *ÌeÆfv¶= b¿¢ ×ò C »·j>E Ͷd¶=Æ
*Ä·£«ÈÁ@El@E×dÒ¿Vɪ(¼]X·r¶==dÂÁ?Í«É·=ÏfÈÆ(¼Ãj«¾?
ÁÇ»·j= e>qÆ ±b¿>E =Ç{>U? ²fn= Á? ʾ=ì¶= ÏÆe b¯ª
<YXsÙ¯w SÅ®sÙÄwXT |ESÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ù ]r"È*× \°X=ÉF @ 6>£I = ¹>® >»² ÐØE
Á?Ä¿ºG·{ÆÀrUÀEÍ¿ÉÉà¢C U =¹ÇieO£E > §ªª¨ ;ic°i[
(¬r¿¶=ò×CÎE@ª(Í¿Èb=e>O·MÍ¿i¸²ÄÉì£ÈÁ?η¢Ä£ºÀ¤QfÈ
e>r¾Ù==bÉi½>®(=¹ÇieËbÈEX·r¶==ÇFJ³É¶Ä·iefvU>»·ª
ÁC=¹Çie>È6×>®Æ>»Ã¿¢=ÊueÌa>F¢ÀEb£iÆc>£ºÀEb£i
À>¿²b¯ªKÈ?eð>È?eÁ>²ÁCÆ(ÄELfº?>xº>ªÊUÆÀ¢=dÂÁ>²
Í¿Èb=e>ÁÇ£»ìÈ×=Ǿ>³ªÀÈa ¼×Æ>¿¶À³ÈÍÉ·Â>=¼ÂÆ
¼ÃÉ죾 ĶÇie >¿Éª O£EÆ ÀÈb¶>E = >¾h¢? =cDª (Ïf® Æ? Ð=fnE ò×C
À¢¼³JºeHf£¶=KÈ?eʾC6 U ¹>¯ª *¬Éj¶=ò×C¼ÃÉ죾×; Íɾb¶=
*´Ò¶Æ?ƼJ¾@ª´¶c¼JÉE?=cDª¼³¿¢¼Ãªfq?Á?KFFU@ªÌbU=ÆlÇ®
.-3
¹>º U=¹ÇieÁ?η¢¹bÈ=dê *¬Éj¶=ò×C¼³É죾ت=ÇFÂcC
>¼ÃɪÌǯ¶=Ï?eVª *»·j=¬£ukU?>Ð=bJE×=X·r¶=C
¹bª(´¶cÀ¢¤¿Jº=(>»Ã¿¢=ÊueÌa>F¢ÀEb£iÆc>£ºÀEb£iĶ>®
Ç] b¿¢ ¹>º ¼ ¤ªbÈ e>«³¶= ¤º ÌbÂ>£º b¯¢ Àº l@E × Ä¾? η¢
=ÇFiÆ ¹=ǺÙ= ¤É =Æd]? »·j= η¢ =Æfà ÁC ¼Ã¾Ù =dÂÆ *efv¶=
*¤«¾?ÆÁÇÂ?¼=Ǻ?ƼÃÈe=ecÁÇ»·j=¼·jɶ¹>=x£E¤ªbª(Ëe=ed¶=
.-4
L=b[Â>[£=x¯¾
ÌabÁdzIÁ?GÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=>Âb¯£I¶=L=bÂ>£=¤É
¤É >ÃE »·j= ½=h¶C ÌbÂ>£= b¯¢ ο£º kɶ À³¶Æ *£º ¸QÙ
¸E (ÌbÂ>£= x¯¾Æ (ÌbÂ>£>E eb§¶= g=ÇQ Å>¿£º kɶ ľ? >»² (¹=ÇUÙ=
>Ãv¯¾gÇ×Æ(¥fn¶=>ÃÉ·¢s¾Í¿É£º¹=ÇU?ÌbÂ>£=x¯¿IÁ?gÇ
η¢ ¥fn¶= s¾ ¶= ¹=ÇUÙ=Æ *¥fn¶= >ÃÉ·¢ s¾ ¶= ¹=ÇUÙ= ¦
6ÊÂÆb£¶=¤º>ÃɪÌbÂ>£=x¯¾g=ÇQ
η¢ Åfq>¾Æ »·j= Ð=b¢? Àº =ðÆb¢ bÂ>£= fÂ> =cC 6×í Æ?
Ͷ>U Ïf]?ͶÆa EÆÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=EÁdzÈÁ@² ´¶cÆ(»·j=
\Øj¶>EÆb£¶==dÂb(ÌbÂ>£º>ÿÉEÆ>¿¿ÉE¶=ͶÆb¶=Le>rªÍÉ·£ªHfU
Á?ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb·¶gǹ>=ÅdÂÊ«ª*>¿É·¢Åfr¿Iƹ>Qf¶=Æ?¹>=Æ?
1É2 WÛÜ°¯nÕÀ-Ù ]C°K% 1|"i\IWà |ÚÏ° Y¯ @6¹Ç¯È=ÁÙÌbÂ>£=x¯¿I
=ÆfÂ>=cCĺÇëºÁDª *> ;iWPU ×1ÅÙkQ WÆ TÄm¯IVÀÄc ×1VXT <Ùk[ ×1ÅS¾¡Á=Wc ×1V
*¼Ã£ºÌbÂ>£=x¯¾»·j»·¶g>Qð=bU?»·j=η¢
>»² ´¶cÆ (ÌbÂ>£= Æfm Àº >ð{fm bÂ>£= x¯¿È Á? 6>ðɾ>M
ÍÈ> K·]a Í¢=h] ÁDª (ÍÉFÈb= X·q U ¹Çif¶= ¤º ¸rU
η¢ f³E E KufUÆ (fn¶= =d oÈf® Kv¯¿ª ÄJ«¶>UÆ ¹Çif¶=
x¯¿¶==dÂJ¢=¹Çif¶=À³¶Æ(ÌbÂ>£=Ð>¯ECK¶Æ>UÆKºb¾¼M(Í¢=h]
*ͳºXJªÆ¼ÃEe>UÆ>Ãv¯¿ª(ÌbÂ>£=x¯¾Ä¶ð>VÉFº
=¹>® *ÌbÂ>£=x¯¾gÇÅeb¦ÆbÂ>£=;>É]¬É]=cC6>ðN¶>M
Æ > ÄXS\y rQ"WÃ Ô2¯IÙkV¯ Ök¯5VÙ <RW5Xj\ $4×SV C°% ¦VÙVcU% %¯XT @6>£I
.-5
x¯¿¶= nÈ ×Æ *Ä£º ÌbÂ>£= x¯¿E Æb£¶= ½Ø¢C G ¹>= ÅdÂ
ð=eº ÁÇ³È ÁÙ Æb£¶= Àº Ç= af
Ê«³È ¸E (¸£«¶>E eb§¶= ¹ÇrU
*x¯¿¶>Eªfì¶=¼·¢ËÇJjÈÎJU½Ø¢Ý>EΫJ³ÈÆ*ÌbÂ>£=x¯¿¶
*>ðº>I >ðv¯¾ ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶= ¤º ÌbÂ>£= bÂ>£= x¯¿È Á? 6>ð£E=e
ÁdzI ÍÉi>® L>Efu ¼ÃEfuÆ ¼Ã£º ÌbÂ>£= x¯¾ G ¹>= Åd Æ
*Í·º>£=Åd¸N»·j=Í·º>£ºÎ·¢=Ǻb¯È×ÎJU¼Â§¶Ì¢Æð>iea
§®®¨ WDSÄ=°%ØUÄc Y Õ0ÀIVÙ TÄm[Ý[ WÛÏ° \i<°Ã ªD!XTi n D¯ @6>£I¹>®
Y ×1ÉFXT QpV' ©G#Á r¯Û ×1ÉF\iÕIWà |ESÁ²Á=Wc 1É2 ×1ÆMØ@°% 1i\IWà |ÚÏ°
Ô2ÀI \ÈV ×1ÀI[ÝÚ \\ ÕC% 2¯I¯ Õj¯Jn_VÙ ª!×m\UÙ r¯Û ×1ÆM@[ÝVØ:V" %¯
VÙ §®¯¨ D
W SÁ*Wc
*>§®°¨|ETÄm
kWc
=Çv¯¿È Á? >Ãɪ »·j»·¶ gÇ ¶= Í£EeÙ= ¹=ÇUÙ= Ê ÅdÂ
¹>®*Æb£¶==dÂ=Ç·I>¯ÈÁ?¼gÇƼÂÆb¢EƼÿÉEÌaǯ£=L=bÂ>£=
> Ô2ÉFSÀ-|"i\CXTÀ@Ùk[O WÛÜ°¯nÕÀ-ÙSÉ È*ÙVÙÄ3ÄmÈVÚÄmÆMÕ)]\gQ _6Vl¯
VÙ@6>£I
¨º×q)] r¯Û SÀUk¦VÙ @ 6ĶǮÊÂÆÍÈÛ=Åd ¸F®Lf²c¶=Ìb=ÊÂÆ
ò×C *> Ô2ÀIX=\-ØcU ÜSÉ:V5 ;%×SV |ESÉ °*VÉ" YU @6>£I¹>®Æ > mÆMÕU VR\ÈW×qU
Ök¯5VÙ @6>£I¹>®(Ð=Çiη¢¼ÃɶCdF¿ÈÁ?ÌbÂ>£=x¯¾Ê§F¿Èľ?
¼³¿º Ð=Çi η¢ Ë? L=bÂ>£= ¤É ½>¢ =dÂÆ > ÄXS\y rQ"Wà Ô2¯IÙkV¯
=Ç»·£È Á? ¸F®Æ (dF¿¶= ¸F® Ð=b¢Ù= ¹>J® ¸ ×Æ *´¶dE ¼·£¶= ¼Ã¿ºÆ
*eb§¶=Àºð=gf´¶cÁ>²Æ(ÀrVJ¶=ÀºÄÉ·¢=Ǿ>²>ºC=Æaǣɶ´¶dE
¼ÃI=bÂ>£ ÁǪÇÈ ÀÈd¶= >º? *¼ÂbãE ÁǪÇÈ Àº ¦ Ä·² =dÂÆ
(¼ÂbãE¼Ã£ºÁÇ»·j=ÇÈÁ?GRɪÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=¤ºÁǻɯJjÈÆ
]C°K% 1|"i\IWà |ÚÏ° Y¯ @ 6>£I ¹>® =Ǻ>¯Ji= >»² ¼Ã£º =ǻɯJjÈÆ
..,
×1¯IÙjV¯ ÜSr-°"U
VÙ ;iWPU ×1ÅÙkQ WÆ TÄm¯IVÀÄc ×1VXT <Ùk[ ×1ÅS¾¡Á=Wc ×1V 1É2 WÛÜ°¯nÕÀ-Ù
Ͷ>>²ð>ÒÉm»·j==Çr¯¾ÀÈd¶=Á?ĺÇëºÆ *> ×1¯M(iÄ% rQ¯ Ô2ÉF\iÕIWÃ
¼ÃɶC=Ç»JÈتͯE>j¶=ÆÙ=Ͷ>>²ð=bU?¼ÃÉ·¢=ÆfÂ>Æ?ͯE>j¶=Íɾ>N¶=
磪(>ÃIbºÍÈ>þC¼ÃIbÂ>£º¼ÃɶC=Ç@ª´¶c=Ç·£«È=cC>º?*¼Âbâ
\Ùk@6>£I¹>®*bã¶=ÌbºÍÈ>þC¼Âbâ¼ÃɶC=Ç»JÈÁ?»·j=
Ô2|"i\IWà |ÚÏ° Y¯ à° °SÀyXq \i=°ÃXT \i<°Ã ÏiÕIWà WÛܦ¯nÕÀ-Ú ° ÄDSÅWc
ĺÇëºÆ > ×1ÈNP SÀ-jªW*ÔyVÙ ×1ÅV SÀ-VW)Ôy \-VÙ °4XmXVÚ °i¦HÔ\-Ù \i<°Ã
=ǪÆÆ(=ǻɯJi>ª=Ǻ>¯Ji==cC>º? *¼=ǻɯJjIت¼³¶=ǻɯJjÈ=cC
*¼Âbâ¼
K¾>²ÁCľ?Æ(GQ=Æfº?L=bÂ>£>EÐ>ªÇ¶=Á?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ
g>Q>ÃIbºKÃJ¾==cDª(>ÃIbºC>ÃEÐ>ªÇ¶=GRɪͺǷ£ºÌbºCÌbÂ>£=
> ×1¯M(iÄ%rQ¯Ô2ÉF\iÕIWÃ×1¯IÙjV¯ÜSr-°"U
VÙ@6>£I¹>®(>ÂÕ>þCÆ>ÂbÈb½b¢
=cCÆ(ð>vÈ?GQ=Æfº?L=bÂ>£=ÁÇv¯¿ÈÀÈd¶=η¢ÌÇj¯¶=Á?FJÈ>»²
Á?Ä¿ºPbUÆ?>÷²>Ãv¯¾Æ?(ÌbÂ>£=ÆfmÀºfnEÆb£¶=¸]?
XÉFÈ=d¸²ÁDªÍ¾>É=Ä¿º¬É]Æ?(»·j=η¢»·j=Ð=b¢?fÂ>
*=ðeb¦ kɶ =d ¼Ãv¯¾Æ (¼ÃÑ=b¢? ¤º L=bÂ>£= =Çv¯¿È Á? »·j»·¶
¶=L×>=abUÆ(>â=Ǿ?¥e>n¶=abUb®ÍɶÆb¶=L>®>«I×=ÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ
ÅbUÆ ¥e>n¶= Ä¿çÉE >º ½=hJ¶= GRɪ (>ÃE ¸»£¶= ÊÃJ¿È Æ? (>ÃE x¯¿I
HÇ·iÙ= fº? µfI ¤º (>þ@m ¥fn¶= bU b¿¢ ǮǶ=Æ (L=bÂ>£=
*Åa>ÃJQ=ÆÍ«É·=Ë?eCe>ÉJ]×=Æ
..-
ÊEf[=f[ª>³¶=
Á>²?Ð=Çi(»·j=ͺc¸]bÈfª>²¸²ÇÂÊEf=fª>³¶=
ÌbÂ>£ºLb¯¢=cDª *Àº@Jjº×ÆbÂ>£º¦Á>²Æ?(ð>¿º@JjºÆ?ð=bÂ>£º
ÀÈbÂ>£ºÍ¶Æb¶=ÅdÂ>È>¢eÁ>²(Ìfª>²Í¶ÆaÍÈ?EÆÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=E
>º ¸² d«¿ÈÆ (¼Ã¿ÉEÆ >¿¿ÉE ¶= ÌbÂ>£= ÄÉ·¢ s¿I >º GjU ÁÇ·º>£È
ÁÆbÂ>£=e>«³¶=TfÌbÂ>£=aÇQƤºÄ¾?ò×C *ÌbÂ>£=ÅdÂÄJ¿»vI
Àº>Ãv¯¾Æ?ÌbÂ>£=Ð>ÃJ¾=afRľÙ(ð>»³UÉEfUð=e>«²¼Ã¾Ç²À¢
¸Q?ÀºÆ *ÉEf=e>«³¶=fÑ>i¼³U¼Ã»³U¤QfÈ>¿·F®ÀºÆ?¼Ã·F®
η¢ ¼ ÍÈǯI ´¶c Á>² =cC ÍÉEf= a=Ç=Æ \Øj¶= ¼Ã£ÉE ¤¿ ´¶c
η¢¼ÍÈǯIÍÉEf=a=Ç=Æ\Øj¶=¼Ã£ÉEÀ³È=cC>º?(»·j=
¤¿rIÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=Le>q=cCÍq>](Å>ÈC¼Ã£ÉE¤¿×ľDª»·j=
¼Ã£ÉE g=ÇQ ÌbÂ>£= f²c =cCÆ *½Çɶ= ϳ¶= ¹Æb¶>² Ä£ÉFIÆ \Øj¶=
η¢¼ÍÈǯI´¶cÁ>²=cCfn¶==dÃEΪÇÈ×ÍÉEf=a=Ç=Æ\Øj¶=
*b¯£¿È׸{>EÇê¥fn¶=¬¶>]fm¸²Æ*¥fn¶=¬¶>ľٻ·j=
×ͯɯU ÁÇÉEfUe>«²¼ÃªÌbÂ>£º ¼Ã¿ÉEÆ>¿¿ÉEÀ³I=cC>º?
À³I ½? ¸£«¶>E ¼Ã¿ÉEÆ >¿¿ÉE Í»Ñ>® Hf= Ͷ>U K¾>²? Ð=Çi (ð>»³U
×Æ(Ìfº¸³¶t>]Á>º@Eò×C»·j=aØE¹Ç]aÀºÁÇ¿³Øª(Í»Ñ>®
E±f«¶=Á?ò×C *ÌabÍ¿É£ºÌbºò×C»·j=aØEͺ>®Ý=ÀºÁÇ¿³
¦ ÍÉEf= Ìfª>³¶= ͶÆb¶= EÆ (¸£«¶>E ÍEe>= ÍÉEf= Ìfª>³¶= ͶÆb¶=
...
¸F®ÌbÂ>£ºÍÈ?>ãºb¯£I׸£«¶>EÍEe>=ͶÆb¶=Á?ÇÂ(¸£«¶>EÍEe>=
Æ?(=½Ø²¤»jɶÐ>Q=cCò×C>Â>È>¢eÀºbUÙÁ>ºÙ=Îì£È×Æ(X·r¶=
ÍEe>=¦ÍÉEf=ͶÆb¶=Ø~(»·j=aØEoÉ£Èð>ɺcÁdzɶÐ>Q
(´¶c ¦Æ e=Ç= ÀjUÆ ÍÈe>RJ¶= L=bÂ>£= >㺠b¯£I >þDª ¸£«¶>E
Æ? ÍÂh[¿¶= Æ? Ìe>RJ·¶ ÍɺØiÝ= aØF¶= ¹Ç]b¶ Á>ºÙ= >Â>È>¢e Îì£ÈÆ
*´¶c¦Æ?ÍU>Éj¶=
../
Àåº@Jj=
Ŧe=a¸]bÈÀºÇÂÆ *Á>ºÙ=G¶>{ ) ¼É=fj³E )Àº@Jj=
=cDª *>ðÉEfU½?ð>»·jºÁ>²?Ð=Çi(Á>º@EŦaØE¸]bÈÀºË?(Á>º@E
b¿¢ÁÇ»·j=cC(¼Ã¿ºÐÊn¶Äuf£I½fUÁ>º@EHf=e=a¼·j=¸]a
Æ?Íj·]Åd]?Á@Eð>Fr¦Åd]@ȼ=Ǻ?ÀºÐÊnETf]Ç·ª(¼Ã{Æfm
Gr¦=cC>º? *>ðEÇQÆ Ä¿ºs·^Jɪ(ð>º=fUð>³·ºÄ¶ÄIg>ÉUK¾>²(Í®fi
ÄɶC¤QfÈ(Ä¿ºHÇr§»·¶ÁÇ»vºGr§¶=ÁÙ(¼ÃÉ·¢ÅafÈľDªð>ÒÉm¼Ã¿º
Á>º@E f«³¶= aØE ¼·j= ¹Ç]a gÇ >»²Æ *>ð»·jº ½? =ðfª>² Á>²? Ð=Çi
U = ¹Çie Îì¢? b¯ª *Á>º@E »·j= aØE ÊEf= ¸]bÈ Á? gÇ
*¼·jºÅ=Æe ÀºAÇêÄE>E°·¦?Àº 6¹>¯ªÍ³ºXJª½ÇÈe>«³·¶Á>ºÙ=
ÊE?À£ª *Á>ºíÙ=Êì¢î?Àeb§¶=½çfUß Æ²fn=¸ieÀëºÖàÈ UÁ>²Æ
eb¯EĶ¤ªfÈ (ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈÐ=Ƕea>¦¸³¶ 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®bÉ£i
*¼·jºÅ=Æe*ͺ>¢º?Àºð=eb¦¼¢?ea>¦×Æ×?(Åeb¦
(Í¿i»·j=aØEO³=ÀºÀõ³»àÈ×Àº@Jj=ÊEf=Á?ò×C
ÁCÆ *Í¿i Àº fN²? Îì£È ×Æ (fN²? Æ? ÀÈfÃm Æ? =ðfÃm Á>ºÙ= Îì£Éª
ͺ>®Ý=ĶXÉEî?ľÙ(¹Ç=ÇÂJ£>ªÌb=abÆð>¯·ìºð>¾>º?Êì¢î?
½=hJ¶=Æͺ>®Ý=EfçÉ>ÃÉ·¢a=gÁDª(Í¿iÎì£ÉªÍÈhQ¦Àº½ØiÝ=e=a
ðØE>® J¢= Í¿j¶= b£E ʯE ÁDª (½ØiÝ= e=a Àº TÆf= EÆ (ÍÈh=
gÇ׾Ù(ÍÈh=Ä¿º¸çrVàIÆ(ð>ɺcXFq@ªÍºd¶=ÄÉ·¢KEfuÆ(ÍÈhR·¶
(Í¿j¶=Ìfº°VJjIÍÈh=Æ *ÍÈhQÁÆa½ØiÝ=aØEfª>²Î¯FÈÁ?
(Ä¿¢ =ðQ >ðɺc e>qÆ (ÍÈh= ÄÉ·¢ K¯VJi= b¯ª Í¿i Àº fN²? ʯE =cDª
..0
¸ìETf]ÁCÆ(ÍÈhQÄÉ·¢°VJjI>÷F®Æ?(Í¿j¶=ÍÈ>þTf]=cCÆ
*bÈbQÁ>º?CT>JÍɾ>M¹Ç]b¶=a=e?=cDª(°E>j¶=ľ>º?
Á>³ª(½ØiÝ=e=a=Ǻ=a>º¿º@Jj=Ìfr¾Í«É·=η¢GÆ
¸²ÄÉ·¢½>¯IÍEǯ¢GQÇÈ>ºÀº@Jj=G³Ie==cCÆ*ͺd¶=¸Â@²¼Ã»³U
½>³UÙ= Ð=fQC ¸ ½ØiÝ= e=a ÁÙ (f»= bU ×ò C ͺd¶= ¸Â@² ÍEǯ¢
Æ?ʺcÆ?¼·jºÀº>ÃɪÀº¸²Î·¢ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=ËfRJªÍÉ¢fn¶=
¤È>EÀºÁC 6Ïe>r¾¼ÂÆÁ=f¸Â?C U=¹ÇieGJ² *Àº@Jjº
½>³U? Àº >Ef¶=Æ *Ä«¿rº ÄFÉm ÊE? ÀE= Å=Æe Ķ ͺc ت >Ef¶>E ¼³¿º
η¢ ¸É¶a >Ef¶>E Í£È>F= ½b¢ ͺd¶= ¸Â? η¢ ¹Çif¶= °ÉFìJª (½ØiÝ=
*ʺd¶=Í·º>£ºÀº@Jj=¸º>£ÈÆ(½>³UÙ>E¼ÃJF¶>ìº
Ä£º¶=Ķ=ǺÙð>¾>º?=dÂľ>º?Á>²Äj«¿¶ð>¾>º?Àº@Jj=d]?=cCÆ
À»vÈÆ (Äj«¾ Á>rI >»² Ķ=Ǻ? Á>rJª (ð>¾>º? > d]@È Ç¶Æ (Ķ >ð£FI
¸J¯ÈÆ(@ì]Ä·J®=cCÄÉ·¢ÍÈb¶=GÆ(Ä«·I?=cCÅfÈh[¿]ÆÅfͻɮ¼·j=
(¼·j>²ÄJFɦ½fÆ(Àº@Jj=À¢ÏcÙ=¬²GÆ *=ðb»¢Ä·J®=cCÄE
e=aÄJMeÆƽØiÝ=e=aÀº@Jj=L>ºÇ¶Æ *ʺd¶=Í·º>£º¸º>£ÈľÙ
ľÙ(ͺd¶=¸Â?ÀºÆ?»·j=ÀºÐ=ÇiÍ¿ÉFEľÆd]@ÈÆĶ>º «UHf=
*ÅÇMeÆÀÈd¶=ÄE>VqÙ¼·jɪÀçºÖº¹>º
gÇ Ä¾Dª »·j= Àº Á>ºÙ= G·{ Àº ¸² Á? ¸[q>=Æ
|ÚÜ°¯nÕÀ-Ù ]C°K% ´iWPU ØD¯XT @ 6>£I Ķǯ¶ Á>ºÙ= ÅÇì£È Á? »·j»·¶
Á>ºÙ=ÁÙÆ > ÈOX=W%Ú
W% ÈOÙÓ° ×U 2É2 ]1Q [ \Ì\-ÔRd ³/[O ÈP×m¦BU
VÙ [Xq\HW)Ôy
bȼÂƼÂÕ>ºa@ª>³JIÁÇ»·j= 6¹Ç¯È U¹Çif¶=Æ(bâÆͺcÐ>ì¢C
Á>ºÙ==dÂÁ?ò×C *ÍQ>ºÀE=Å=Æe ¼Â>¾a?¼ÃJºdEΣjÈƼÂ=ÇiÀºÎ·¢
..1
K¯VJ[i= =cC ÍÈh[= ¼ÃÑ>[ì¢DEÆ (½Ø[iÝ= ½>³UÙ ¼Ã¢Ç[v~ bɯº
>§«²¨|ETÄmªÓ_ ×1ÉFXTiWc CWà VRWcØs¦HÙSżØÈÄc³/[O@6>£IĶǯ¶(¼ÃÉ·¢
=Çì¢? =cC ×ò C ¹>J¯¶= Àº Á>ºÙ= ÁÇ[ì[£È ×Æ (¹>J¯¶= ¼Ã¿¢ ¤ªfÈ × Ë?
Ð>¿M? ½ØiÝ= ¼³ ¥Çv= ¼ÇF¯ª *½ØiÝ= ½>³UÙ =Ç£v]Æ (ÍÈh=
°VJjI Ìbº =ÇN³º =cDª (Á>ºÙ= ¼ÃÑ>ì¢Ý >² ½ØiÝ= e=a ¼ÃJº>®C
¼ÃÉ·¢KEfuÇE?ÁDª *TÆf=¼Ã¿ºG·{(Í¿iÊÂÆÍÈh=>Ãɪ¼ÃÉ·¢
*ɺc=ÆJ¢=ÆÍÈh=
..2
ʺd¶=½>³U?
ͶÆb¶= ÍÉ¢e Àº e>qÆ (½ØiÝ= §E ÀÈbJÈ Àº ¸² Ç ʺd¶=
ÊÂÆͺd¶=ÀºcÇ]@ºÊºd¶=Æ*½ØiÝ=§EÄ¿ÈbIη¢±>EÇÂÆÍɺØiÝ=
j¾Á?Æ(ÄÉ·¢¼Â>¿>q>ºÎ·¢¼Ã·º>£¾Á?bâ>¿Jºc¼Ã·ª(bã¶=
½ØiÝ= Ð>Q b®Æ *½ØiÝ= ½>³U? GjU ¼Ã¾ÆÖm ÍÈ>¢eÆ ¼ÃJ·º>£º
ÍÈh= ¼ÃÉ·¢Æ (¼Ã¿Èa À¢ =Ç¿J«È × Á? >ÿº (ͺd¶= ¸ÂÙ ÌN² ½>³U@E
*X·r¶=ÆfmÀºð>{fmÁdzÈÁ?×C>¦¹>º¼Ã¿ºd]ÖÈ×Æ(¯ª
Á>²ÀºÄ¾C 6À»É¶=¸Â?CU=¹ÇieGJ²6¹>®Eh¶=ÀEÌÆf¢À¢
*bÉF¢ÇE?Å=Æe ÍÈh= ÄÉ·¢Æ (>ÿ¢ «È × Ä¾Dª ÄJɾ=fr¾ Æ? ÄJÈaÇÃÈ Î·¢
ÀEÀj=À¢ *e>«³¶=fÑ>iƲfn=Àº¼Â¦Ïe>r¿¶=ÆaÇÃɶ=¸NºÆ
fRÂ lÇ
C U = ¹Çie GJ² 6¹>®G¶>{ÊE?ÀEÊ·¢ÀEb»
Á?(ÍÈh=ÄÉ·¢KEfu(×ÀºÆ(Ä¿º¸F®î ¼·i?À»ª ½ØiÝ=C¼ÂÇ¢bÈ
ð>q>]´¶ckÉ¶Æ *bÉF¢ ÇE?Å=Æe Ì?fº=ĶX³¿I×Æ(ÍVÉEcĶ¸²ÖI×
kɶG¯·¶=½ÇëºÁÙ(Ķ½Çëº×OÈb=Æ *½>¢Ç¸EfRÂlÇR
À¢¤ª>¾À¢*§¶>F¶=eDzd¶=Àº×CÍÈh=d]ÖI×Æ *Ķe>FJ¢=×ÆÍR}
×Æ(ÍÈh==ÇEfvÈÁ?a>¿QÙ=Ð=fº?CGJ²f»¢Á? 6f»¢Çº ¼·i?
ÄÉ·¢ LfQ Àº η¢ ×C >ÂÇEfvÈ ×Æ (Á>ÉFr¶=Æ Ð>j¿¶= η¢ >ÂÇEfvÈ
OÈb==dÂ6bÉF¢ÇE?¹>®¸E(f³¿ºÄÉ·¢f³¿ÈÆ*bÉF¢ÇE?Å=ÆeÎiÇ=
Àº×CÍÈh=d]ÖI×Æ *G×À»ÉªÆÍÈh=ÄÉ·¢GÀ»Éª¸qÙ=ÇÂ
À¢hR¢=cDª(Ìeb®À¢Ë? > iWc CWà @6>£IĶǯ¶>ãªaη¢ea>¯¶=
d]?½b£EΫJ³È×f¯Jª=ÆGj³¶=À¢hR¢=cC¸E(Ä¿ºd]ÖI×>ãªa
..3
b¿¢Æ*»·j=η¢°«¿È>»²¹>=KÉEÀºÄÉ·¢°«¿ÈÁ?G¸E(ÍÈh=
d]ÖIÁ?Æ(GÈd£J¶>E×Ƭ¿£¶>E×οj>Ed]ÖIÁ? GÍÈh=d]?
½>nÂÀ¢*¼ÃIeb®±Çª¼Ã¿ºd]ÖÈ×ÆÁÇ»·Èت(ľǷ»JËd¶=eb¯¶>E
6½>n¹>¯ªìj·«EÍÈh=ÁÇEd£È½Ç®Î·¢fºÄ¾?½=hUÀE¼É³UÀE=
l>¿¶=ÁÇEd£ÈÀÈd¶=ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈHd£È=ÁC 6¹Ç¯ÈU=¹ÇieK£
H>ì=ÀEf»¢Á?ÄÉE?À¢«¾ÀEFQÀEÀf¶=bF¢À¢Æ *>ɾb¶=
b® ¼³¿Ù ʾC 6¹>¯ª ÍÈh= Àº 6¹>® ÄFjU? bÉF¢ ÇE? ¹>® N² ¹> ÊI?
×ÆÇiت6¹>®(ð=Ç«qð=Ç«¢×C>¾d]?>º=Æ×6=Ƕ>®(l>¿¶=¼J³·Â?
×Æ ËbÈ Î·¢ ´¶c ¸£ Ëd¶= b»= 6¹>® (¼£¾ 6=Ƕ>® (Ǿ
d]٠ʺd¶= ÍnÉ£º ¸Ñ>iÆ ¥>FI Á? gÇ ×Æ *bÉF¢ ÇE? Å=Æe ʾ>ì·i
bF¢ÀEf»¢GJ²6¹>®ÌhÊE?ÀEÁ>É«iÀ¢*>ÃJ»É®K§·E>»ÃºÍÈh=
>ÃQ=f]¸Q?Àº¹Ç¯È6bÉF¢ÇE?¹>®*ͶAͺd¶=¸ÂÙ¥>FÈ×Á? hÈh£¶=
ͶAη¢l>¯ÈÆ(ÄQ=f]¸ìFɪ¥ehÈÁ?¤ìJjÈ¥eh¶=Ì=a?¥>E=cCľÙ
À¢ *ÍÈh= Ä¿¢ Kì¯i ʺd¶= ¼·i? =cCÆ *Ïf]Ù= ÄJnÉ£º L×A ¥eh¶=
ÀºðØQeÁ?MbVªÍ·j·j¶>E±Æfjº¤ºK¿² 6¹>®ÍU=ÆeÀE=bÉF¢
º?>È6¹>¯ªH>ì=ÀEf»¢ÎI@ª(ÍÈh=Ä¿ºd]ÖIK¾>³ª¼·i?G£n¶=
>º ½ØiÝ= >º? 6¹>¯ª (ð=cÇ£Jº K»·i? ´·£¶ ¹>® (K»·i? ʾC ¿ºÖ=
*bÉF¢ÇE?Å=ÆeÍÈh=Ä¿ºd]ÖI×Á?f»¢GJ³ª6¹>®(ηE6¹>® ; ʾdÉ£È
η¢kɶ 6 U =¹Çie¹>®6¹>®ÄÉE?À¢Á>ÉFÊE?ÀElÇE>®À¢Æ
× 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®l>F¢ÀE=À¢Æ*bÉF¢ÇE?Å=ÆeÍÈhQ¼·jº
*aÆ=a ÇE?Æ b? Å=Æe ÍÈhQ ¼·jº η¢ kÉ¶Æ (ze? Á>J·F® X·[rI
ÀºÎ·¢ÍÈh=Ð>¯EÏfÈÁ>²Ëd¶=Ä·º>¢ChÈh£¶=bF¢ÀEf»¢GJ²
..4
Æ ð>Èa> U ð=b» O£E = ÁC 6ÄE>J²¹>¯ªÍÈh=Àºð>EÆf¼·i?
*ð>ÉE>QÄN£FÈ
Á>£ÈÆ ÄE °ªª *Í¿jU Í·º>£º ʺd¶= Í·º>£ ½ØiÝ= ÎqÆ? b®Æ
Á?Æ(Äuf¢ÆĶ>º ÍÈ>ÆÄJÈ>η¢ÁÇ»·j=½Ç¯ÈÁ?GÆ(Åfº?η¢
ÊE?À¢(¸Ñ=ÆÊE? À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe *ÄIÇj²ÆÄ¿³jºÆÄIǮĶÀ»vÈ
=Ç»£{?Æ (iÙ= £È (ʾ>£¶= =dzª 6 U = ¹Çie ¹>® 6¹>® ÎiǺ
Àº bÂ> ͺd¶= ¸Â? ´¶d²Æ 6bÉF¢ ÇE? ¹>® *xÈf= =ÆaÇ¢Æ (¤Ñ>=
Æ ð=e=fU? ¼ÂbÃ¢Æ ¼ÃJºc C =Ç£Qe =Æd¯¿Ji= =cDª ¼ÃI>¿¢ ´J«ÈÆ ¼Ã¾Æa
¹>® ľ? H>ì= ÀE f»¢ À¢ Áǻɺ ÀE Æf»¢ À¢Æ *OÈa>U? ´¶c
=ͺdEÄÉqÆ?Æ(=d²Æ=d³EËb£EÀºÍ«É·=ÊqÆ?Æ 6ÄIǺb¿¢ÄJÉqÆ
=Ç«·³È×Á?Æ(¼ÃÑ=eÆÀº¸I>¯ÈÁ?Æ(¼ÂbãE¼ÎòªÇÈÁ?UĶÇieͺcÆ
ÁÆbF£È>ºÆÁÆb¯J£È>ºÆÁÇɺd¶=µÈÆ *Ëe>^F¶=ÄQf]? ¼ÃJ®>{ ±Çª
ÇE?Å=Æe>ÿ¢«È׾DªÄJɾ=fr¾ÆÄJÈaÇÃÈη¢Á>²Àº 6¹Çif¶=¹Ç¯¶
IJfIÆ *>ÃÉ·¢µÈ¸E>òfIη¢Åf³È×Ë?>ÿ¢«È×ο£ºÆ *bÉF¢
¸EH>J³¶=¸Â@Eð>q>]=dÂkÉ¶Æ *ÄIa>F¢ÆÄIbɯ¢Î·¢Ä²fI£È>ÃÉ·¢
=Ç¿i 6lÇ=À¢U¹Çif¶=¹Ç¯¶(¥ÇuÇ==d¼¦¼ÃÉ·¢l>¯È
¸NºÆ *Ç¢ÀEÀf¶=bF¢°Èf{Àº´¶>ºÅ=Æe H>J³¶=¸Â?Í¿i¼ÃE
(f¿ÈľDª¼ÃÑ>j¾ÀºTÆhJ¶=ƼÃVÑ>Ec¸²?>º?Æ *²fn=Ê®>ElÇ=
Á?»·j»·¶gÇRɪÏe>r¿¶=Æ?aÇÃɶ=ÀºË?(H>J³¶=¸Â?Àº=Ǿ>²ÁDª
WÛÏ° Ä3\ÈV»XT @ 6>£IĶǯ¶(¼ÃÑ>j¾Àº=ÇQÆhJÈÁ?Æ(¼ÃVÑ>Ec=Ç·²@È
°0V<°%ØUÀ-Ù ]C°% Á0V<_¡ÔUÈ5Ú4XT ×1ÈN ##°O ×1ÅÄ%\ÈV»XT ×Å ##°O _ W*¦Ù SÉ"TÊ
¦Àº=Ǿ>²ÁC>º?Æ *> ×1Å° ×V C°% _ W*¦Ù SÉ"TÊ WÛÏ° ]C°% Á0V<_¡ÔUÈ5Ú4XT
..5
U¹Çif¶=¹Ç¯¶(¼ÃÑ>j¾TÆhI×Æ(¼ÃVÑ>Ec¸²?gÇتH>J³¶=¸Â?
TÆhI>º?Æ*Ì?fº=ĶX³¿I×Æ(ÍVÉEcĶ¸²ÖI×Á? 6fRÂlÇ
¸Â?Àº=Ǿ>²?Ð=Çi½=fUÇÂÆ(ð>¯·ìºgÇت»·j=Ð>j¾Àºe>«³¶=
ZVÙ 0X=°%ØUÄ% CÉFSÀ-È)Õ-° WÃ ØD¯
VÙ @ 6>£I Ķǯ¶ (¼Â¦ Àº ½? (H>J³¶=
Á?gÇÆ *> CÈNP WDS~ °VVf ×1ÉF YXT ×1ÈN ##°O CÉF Y ®q
ÝÅÙ rQ¯ CÉFSÄȦB×mV"
Ͳ=fn¶=ÆÌe>QÝ=ÆÐ=fn¶=ƤÉF¶=Lغ>£º»·j=EÆɺd¶=EËf
U=¹Çie¸º>¢b¯ª*»·j=EƼÿÉE±fªØE´¶c¦ÆÀÂf¶=Æ
¼=Ǻ@E>ÂÇ·»£ÈÁ?η¢zeÙ=ÀºTf>º¬r¿EaÇÃȼÂÆÉ]¸Â?
Ä¿ÂeÆÍ¿Èb>EËaÇÃÈÀºð>º>£{½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¹Çif¶=¥>JE=b®Æ(¼Ãj«¾?Æ
η¢¸É¶aÄ·²=dÂÆ*ÌfjÉ=CEÇMÄ¿ºG·ìÈËaÇÃÈC¸ie?Æ*Ä¢ea
Æ?¤ÉEÆ?Ìe>QDE=Ç·ºÇ¢=cCľ?×C(ɺd¶=¤ºLغ>£=¤ÉÐ=fQCg=ÇQ
¸º>£J¶=gÇ×Æ(>ÂbUƽØiÝ=½>³U?°FìIÁ?GRɪÀÂeÆ?Ͳ=fm
(ÍÉ¢f¶=fÑ>j²ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=ÍÉ¢eÁÇɺd¶=ÁdzÈ=d³ÂÆ *>ð¯·ìº>§E
Í·º>£= °UÆ (oÉ£¶= Á>»u °UÆ (ÍÈ>»= °UÆ (ÍÈÇ¢f¶= °U ¼
=Ç·I>¯ÈÆ»·j=oÉQ=DznÈÁ?¼Æ(·¶=Æ°ªf¶=°UÆ(οj>E
(>r¾Ý=Àº»·j»·¶>º¼Æ(¹>J¯¶=GQ=ƼÃÉ·¢kɶÀ³¶Æ(¼Ã£º
(Êu>¯¶=½>º?Ƽ²>=½>º?¼ÃɶCf¿ÈÆ(>rJ¾×=Àº¼ÃÉ·¢>º¼ÃÉ·¢Æ
f¿È >»² L>Eǯ£¶=Æ Lغ>£= °ÉFìI UÆ (ÁÆÖn¶= ÍÈ>¢e b¿¢Æ
*»·j»·¶GQ=ÆÇÂ>»²¼¹b£¶=GQ=Ǫ(hÉÉË?ÁÆa»·j»·¶
´·IÁDª¼ÃÉ·¢ð>{ÆfmÄ{=m=Ƽãºf»¢bâÀºaeÆ>º>º?
Á>³ª>ÃE=ÇueÆ(ÆfmX·r¶=KQea?Æ(>ÃÉ·¢=ÇÇqb®aÇã¶=
¼Ã£ºX·r¶=bâÀ»vJÈ=cC>º?(ÇÂ>»²X·r¶=bâd«¿ÈÁ?ð>º=h¶
./,
¸º>£È>»²×C=Ç·º>£ÈÁ?XrÈ׾Dª(Í¿É£ºeǺ?η¢s¿IÍ¿É£ºÍ·º>£º
¸NºÁÇ»·j=ÄE¸º>£È>º§E¼ÃJ·º>£ºÎ·¢s¿¶=aeÆ>º×C(ÁÇ»·j=
Ð>¿EÁ>²f»¢Ä·£ª>ºÁ?η¢¸É¶b¶=Æ *L>»·j==ÇQÆhJÈÁ?g=ÇQ½b¢
=ÊueľDª(Ìe>RJ¶=k³ºÄj«¾f»¢Ä·£ª>º(Ķbã¶=À»vIη¢
¼³=Á?¤º(fn£¶=¬r¾Éºd¶=ÀºÆ(fn£¶=¤Ee»·j=Àºd]?Ä¿¢
η¢ k³= Àº ÐÊm ʺd¶= Àº ×Æ (¼·j= Àº d]ÖÈ × Ä¾? Ê¢fn¶=
=¹ÇieK£¹Ç¯ÈKE>MÀE¤«ÈÆeK£6¹>®=ÊE?À¢ *ÄIe>
*bÉF¢ ÇE? Å=Æe fm>£¶= £È ) e>¿¶= k³= GU>q ÁC 6¹Ç¯È U
¼ÉÂ=fECÀ¢Æ *bÉF¢ÇE?Å=Æe ÅÇ·J®>ªð=fm>¢¼Jɯ¶=cC 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¹>®Æ
fçn¢ fm>¢ ¹Æ? >¾? 6¹Ç¯È fÈbU ÀE a>Èg K£ 6¹>® fQ>ú ÀE=
>¿²(ð=bÂ>£º×Æð>»·jºfën£¾>¿²>º6¹>®ÁÆfën£I¼J¿²Àº6K·®½ØiÝ=
Àº×d]ÖÈ×Ìe>RJ¶=k³»ª *bÉF¢ÇE?Å=Æe G·§I E Ïe>r¾ fën£¾
GjUʺd¶=ÀºÆ (Ì>²g¼·j=Àºf»¢Åd]?>ºÆ*ʺd¶=Àº×Ƽ·j=
ɺd¶>E¸£«ÈÁ>²>º>º?Æ *ɺc=Æe>qÆ>ÃE=Ç»·i¶=ÌbÂ>£=Æfm
f»¢ÆfmaeÆ>ºx£F¶bÉ·¯IÆ(¼Ã«¶=@ì]ÇêÍìE>=eÇr£¶=
Æfm ÄJ¿»vI >º ¸£ª >C f»¢ Á? ¼Ã«¶ H=Çr¶= µea? Ç¶Æ *Åbâ
*] ¸² ɺd¶>E ÎqÆ? f»¢ ÁDª ´¶c =b¢ >ºÆ (>ÃE =Ç·F® ¶= X·r¶=
(¥fn¶=aeÆ>º¼ÃÉ·¢°FìÈÆÍ·º>£=ÀjU?ÁÇ·º>£Èɺd¶=ÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ
*LaeÆ>»²Æfn¶=¼ÃÉ·¢d«¿Jªð>{Æfm¼ÃV·qbâÀ»vJÈÁ?×C
./-
e>«³¶=η¢½ØiÝ=°ÉFìIG
Á?GÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=¼³UK½ØiÝ=e=aÁ>²Àº¸²
Ð=Çi (Ð=ÇjE Ð=Çi »·j= η¢ °FìI >»² ½ØiÝ= ½>³U? ÄÉ·¢ °FìI
G ¸E *´¶c ¼²>= [ ×Æ (ð>¿º@J[jº ½? =ðbÂ>[£º ½? >ðɺc Á>²?
6H>J³¶=¸ÂÙÍFj¿¶>E¹Ç¯È>£I=ÁÙ(aafIÁÆa½ØiÝ=½>³U?°ÉFìI
]C°% [XÄ\C -Wà ×1ÉFXÄXSØFU Õ̯.V" YXT W$Xs5U \-¯ 2ÀIV<ØoW 1ÁØPVÙ @
YXT W$Xs5U \-¯ 1ÇJX=ØoW 1ÅÕO ©DU XT @6¼ÍFj¿¶>Eð>vÈ?¹Ç¯ÈÆ > ©F\UÙ
6¹>®Æ> \ÙkV¯ W$Xs5U W% ¨¹ØÈW CWà [SÄ=°)ÙÝWc DU ×1ÉF×q[kØPXT ×1ÉFXÄXSØFU Õ̯.V"
> \XqU RÝ° ¥= WÛØÜW ]1ÅÔUW*° ©F\UÙ¯ _ W*¦Ù \ÙkV¯ X=ÙXs5U 5¯ @
]1ÅÔUW*°@6ͺ>¢l>¿¶=Í»·²ÁÙ(»·j=¦Æ»·j=¸»nȽ>¢=dÂÆ
°0ÔUp ° WDSÉ U ª!ªkVÚ °|ESÄÈ-\y@6>£IĶǮ>º?Æ*>¥=WÛØÜW
CÐ>QÀº>ÿºa=f=ÁDª> ×1ÆMØ@WÃÔº®oÕÃU ØTU ×1ÇJX=ØoW1ÅØPVÙ[TÃÄ\BD¯
VÙ
fª>² ¤º ͺÇr] »·j= C ¼³JVɶ >ÃQe>] Àº ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶=
Á? EÆ ¼Ã¿ÉE =Ç»³ Á? E ÁÆ ÁÇ»·j>ª (ÀÈf]A e>«² Æ? f]A
Í¿Èb=aÇÃÈÀº U=¹ÇieÄ¢a=ÆÀ»ÉªK¶h¾ÍÈÛ=ÁDª*¼Ã¿¢=Çuf£È
¸E½ØiÝ=¼³£u>]=Ǿdzȼ·ª(Ïf]?ð×ÆaÁÆJ£È¸Ñ>F®=Ǿ>²Æ
e>«³¶=Á>²ÁC>º?*L=bÂ>£º¼Ã¿ÉEÆÄ¿ÉEK¾>²´¶d¶Æ(Ïf]?ð×Æa=Ǿ>²
£u>] ¿º@Jjº =ÆÐ>Q Æ? (ɺc =Ǿ>² Á@E ½ØiÝ= ¼³ £u>]
¼³ ¥Çv= ¤º ½ØiÝ= e=a =Ç·]bÈ Á? u=e Ë? (½ØiÝ= ¼³
ÀºÆ*½ØiÝ>E×C¼Ã¿ÉE¼³Á?gÇت¿º@Jj=ÆÀÈbÂ>£>²½ØiÝ=
Åd]?Æ´¶cη¢¼²>=ÅQ?½ØiÝ=¼³UC¥ÇQf¶=À¢¼Ã¿º¤¿Jº=
./.
bâÁ>²?Ð=Çi(½ØiÝ=½>³U?½=hJ¶=fnEbã¶=¸]a>CľÙ(ÄE
*½ØiÝ=e=a½=a>º>ÿÉE±fª×(Á>º?bâÆ?(Í¢a=ǺbâÆ?(ͺc
¤È>E Àº ÁC 6Ïe>r¾¼ÂÆÁ=f¸Â?C U=¹ÇieGJ²
aÇÃɶ=Á? 6f»¢ÀE=ÏÆeb®Æ*ÍFÉmÊE?ÀE=Å=ÆeĶͺcت>Ef¶>E¼³¿º
*Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe >fª >»ÃE fº@ª >ɾg Ì?fº=Æ ¸QfE U ¿¶= C =Õ>Q
>\>uÆ?η¢>÷J®ÍÈe>|ð>ÈaÇÃȸJ®U¿¶=Á?ð>vÈ?Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ
Á? b£E ´¶c Á>² ľ? fÂ>¶=Æ *»·j= >È>¢e Àº =Ǿ>² aÇÃɶ= Ð×ÖÂÆ
*»·j=Á>ì·iK>È>¢e¼Ã¿º¸ÆaÇÃɶ=L>¾>ɲKÃJ¾=
Á>²Ç¶Æ(¼Âb¿¢bÑ>¯£¶=H>E¸]bÈ>¸£«¶=Á>²=cCľ?×C
>ºÆĶÍFj¿¶>E¼Ã²¾ÆÄɪ¼zf£J¾×>¿¾Dª(bÑ>¯£¶=H>EÀºkɶ>¾b¿¢
׼þÙ(ÄÉ·¢ÁÇF®>£È×f»=Hfn²ÄJU>EC=Æb¯J¢=ÁDª(ÄEÁÆb¯J£È
°·£JÈ>º¼ÃÉ·¢°Fì¾>CÆ *f«³¶>²ÄJEǯ¢¼Ãºh·È¼·ªÄfÁÆb¯J£È
r¯Û RPXmÙ¯ ,Y @6¹Ç¯È>£I=ÆÀÈb¶=ð>Â=f²CdÒ¿ÉUJ£ÈľÙbÑ>¯£¶>E
ÄJɾ=fr¾Æ?ÄJÈaÇÃÈη¢Á>²ÀºÄ¾C 6¹>® U¹Çif¶=ÁÙÆ > ©ÛÏ°G
ð=Q¼ÃÉ·¢¼ÂbÑ>¯¢x®>¿È>º°ÉFìIÆ *bÉF¢ÇE?Å=Æe >ÿ¢«È׾Dª
¼Ã¾ÙÆ *L=a>F£¶=ÆbÑ>¯£¶=η¢ÁÇÂf³È×´¶d¶Æ(¼Ã¿ÈaÀ¢Í¿Jª¼Ã¿¢
¼³Uη¢=Æf¯ÈÆ(bÑ>¯£¶=OÉUÀºf«³¶=η¢=Æf®?ÍÈh==Ç·F®U
Ëd¶= f«³¶= η¢ >ðE>¯¢ bÑ>¯£¶= ¸]=a Ç >º η¢ ¼ÃE>¯¢ Ádzɪ (f«³¶=
e>«³¶=η¢½ØiÝ=½>³U?°ÉFìIGľDªÄÉ·¢Æ *gÇ×ÇÂÆľÆb¯J£È
*»·j=η¢°FìI>»²½ØiÝ=e=a
.//
ÍÈh[=
¼ÂÆ(ͺd¶=¸Â?Àº»·j=¦Àºd]ÖÈtÇr¹>ºÍÈh=
= ¹>® *e>«³¶= fÑ>iÆ (Hf£¶= ¦ Àº ²fn=Æ (ð>¯·ìº H>J³¶= ¸Â?
WDSÄ%®JmXVÅfYXT®m\)[°4×SXkÙ¯YXT¯|ESÄ=°%ØUÄcY|ÚÏ°SÉ °*V@6>£I
SÉ"TÊ |ÚÏ° ]C°% ©F\UÙ WÛÏ°j |ESÄ<c°iWc YXT Ä ÉSÀyXqXT W3m[O W%
À¢ËÆe*>§«²¨|ETÄmªÓ_×1ÉFXTiWcCWÃVRWcØs¦HÙSżØÈÄc³/[O_ W)¦Ù
lÇ
C U =¹ÇieGJ² 6¹>®b»ÀEÀj=À¢¼·jºÀEkÉ®
(ÍÈh=ÄÉ·¢KEfu(×ÀºÆÄ¿º¸F®¼·i?À»ª½ØiÝ=C¼ÂÇ¢bÈfRÂ
ÀEf«£QÀ¢Æ*bÉF¢ÇE?Å=ÆeÌ?fº=ĶX³¿I×Æ(ÍVÉEcĶ¸²ÖàI×Á?
*H>J²¸Â?=ÇjɶÆlÇ>E¤¿q?>ºËea?>º6f»¢¹>®6¹>®ÄÉE?À¢b»
Í¿i¼ÃE=Ç¿i 6¹Ç¯È U=¹ÇieK£6Ç¢ÀEÀf¶=bF¢¹>¯ª
=¹ÇieÁ? 6H>ÃmÀE=°Èf{ÀºÏÆeÆ *bÉF¢ÇE?Å=Æe H>J³¶=¸Â?
(le>ªlÇ
ÀºÍÈh=d]?f»¢Á?Æ fRÂlÇ[
ÀºÍÈh=d]? U
Æ (fE¶= Àº ÍÈh= d]? Á>»N¢ Á?Æ *ÍE>Vr¶= Àº bU? ÄÉ·¢ f³¿È Æ
X·r¶= ¼Ã¿º ¸F¯È ت Hf£¶= Dzfnº >º?Æ *ÍE>Vr¶= Àº bU? ÄÉ·¢ f³¿È
6>£I¹>®=Ç·IÇ®×CÆ=DzfI=Ç»·i?ÁDª(½ØiÝ=CÁÇ¢bÈÀ³¶Æ(ͺd¶=Æ
CÅ>¿£º> WDSÀ-° ÔÈdØTU ×1ÆMW;SÉ °*VÉ"ic°i[Ú
Wr®
TÊ $4×SVrQ¯WD×SWÃÕiÈ*\y@
ÀºÁ>MÆÙ=ÌbF¢¼ÂÆU=¹Çie¼Ã·I>¯ÈÁ>²À»ÉªÍÈÛ=Æ*=Ç»·jÈÁ?
Àj=°Èf{Àºð>vÈ?ÏÆeÆ*=Ç»·jÈÁCÁÇ·I>¯È¼Ã¾?η¢¹bª(Hf£¶=
¼Ã¿º ¸F¯È ×Æ (½ØiÝ= η¢ Hf£¶= ¸I>¯È Á? U = ¹Çie fº? 6¹>®
*ÁÆf¦>q¼ÂÆbÈÀ¢ÍÈh==Çì£ÈÎJU H>J³¶=¸Â?¸I>¯ÈÁ?fº?Æ(Ŧ
./0
ÀÈd¶=¼Ã¿ºÁ>MÆÙ=¸Â?>¿Â>ÂHf£¶>Ea=e?Àj=Ïf¾>CÆ6bÉF¢ÇE?¹>®
=¹Çie>÷F®b¯ªH>J³¶=¸Â?ÀºÁ>²Àº>º@ª(H>J³¶=¸Â@E=Çjɶ
ÀºbU?Àºd]?U¿¶=Á?KFNÈÆ*OÈa>U?Àã Éë[Eß´¶cƼÿºU
ÌeÇiÆXJ«¶=ÍÈA¹Æh¾b£E¼Ã¿º¸F¯ÈÆ(ÍÈh=Hf£¶=ÀºÁ>MÆÙ=ÌbF¢
¸Â@²ÍÈh=Hf£¶=Àºd]?ľ?ËÆe>ºÆ*Hf=Æ?½ØiÝ=ÏÇiÍEÇJ¶=
Æ (aÇÃɶ=Æ Ïe>r¿¶= H>J³¶= ¸Â? Àº >Âd]? >C (Á=f ¸Â?Æ À»É¶=
¼Ã¿º¸F¯ÈÀÀäÉFÈÁ?Í«É·^·¶Ê§F¿ÈÆ*Hf£¶=ÀºÁ>MÆÙ=ÌbF¢Àº>Âd]@È
¸²¼Ã¿º>Âd]@È>Cľ?¼Ã»·£ÈÆ(>ÃEÇQÆK®ÆÆ(ÍÈh=e=b¯º(ÍÈh=
d]ÖÈ×Æ(=d²Î¿¦¸®Ù=ÀºÆ(=d²§¶=Àºd]ÖÈËd¶=Á?Æ(ÌfºÍ¿i
η¢ d]ÖI × >þ?Æ (Ìeb® À¢ Ë? > iWc CWà @ 6>£I Ķǯ¶ ¯«¶= Àº
η¢ ea>¯¶= ¨¶>F¶= ¸Qf¶= Àº ×ò C ¼Ã¿º ÍÈh= d]ÖI ×Æ (Á>ÉFr¶=Æ Ð>j¿¶=
Á?a>¿QÙ=Ð=fº?CGJ²f»¢Á? 6f»¢Çº¼·i?À¢¤ª>¾À¢ *>ãªa
(Á>ÉFr¶=×ÆÐ>j¿¶==Ç·J¯È×Æ(¼Ã·I>®Àºò×C=Ç·I>¯È×Æ(=¸ÉFi=Ç·I>¯È
=ÇEfvÈ Á? a>¿QÙ= Ð=fº? C GJ²Æ (ÎiÇ= ÄÉ·¢ LfQ Àº ò×C =Ç·J¯È ×Æ
LfQÀºÎ·¢ò×C>ÂÇEfvÈ×Æ(Á>ÉFr¶=Æ Ð>j¿¶=η¢>ÂÇEfvÈ×Æ(ÍÈh=
Ç OÈb= =d 6¹>®Æ *KF¾? Àº £È 6bÉF¢ ÇE? ¹>® *ÎiÇ= ÄÉ·¢
η¢>÷£Q>CÅ=fI×?(ÄÉ·¢G×ÀºÆ(ÍÈh=ÄÉ·¢GÀ»Éª¸qÙ=
Á>³ªf³¿ºf»¢Î·¢f³¿Èƹ>«{Ù=ÆP>¾Ý=ÁÆa²eb=eDzd¶=
6À»É¶>Ec>£º C ½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¿¶=H>J² Ð>Q >º´¶cbÈÖÈÆ *>ð¢>C
6ÍÈ=Æe >º?Æ *r¶=Æ Ì?f= ÁÆa >= s^ª ð=e>¿Èa >U ¸² η¢ ÁC
´¶cÀºKFN=Ç«=Æ *Mb=b¿¢Ç«=ÀºKjÉ·ª Í>=Æ>=
´¶cÁDªÅaÆeÆÍVqzfªÎ·¢Æ *ÄɪÍ>V·¶f²c×Ëd¶=OÈb=ÇÂ
./1
(¼>Qe¤ºÁÇ·J¯È¼Ã¾=b¶ÆƲfn=Ð>j¾Á>²cC(½ØiÝ=¹Æ?Á>²
ÏfQÆ (Á>ÉFr¶=Æ Ð>j¿¶= Àº ¹Çif¶= d]? ½b£E _j¾ ¼M ´¶c Á>² b®Æ
¼Ã¢Çv] ¤º ÁdzI Á? G d]ÖI ¶= ÍÈh=Æ *f»¢ Åb£E ´¶c η¢
iWc CWà VRWcØs¦HÙ SżØÈÄc ³/[O @6ÍÈÛ=eDzd=e>§r¶=Æ *½ØiÝ=¼³
=ÆfÃÈ×Á?Æ(¼ÃÉ·¢½ØiÝ=¼³UËfÁ?ÇÂ>§«²¨|ETÄmªÓ_×1ÉFXT
Ëd¶=ǽØiÝ=¸ÈÁ?Æ(½ØiÝ=ÀÈa½f>×Æ(¼Âf«²Àºð>ÒÉm
*ÄÉ·¢Î·£È×ÆÇ·£È½ØiÝ= 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç¯¶aØF¶=Ç·£È
./2
X·r¶=ÆT=f=Æfn£¶=Êu=e?
b®Åb£EÐ>«·=Æ U=¹ÇieÀ¢e>MÛ=>¾bQÆ 6bÉF¢ÇE?¹>®
¼Êê>÷Â?>ÃÉ·¢¼·i?ze?6½>³U?ÍMØNEueÙ=\>JJª=LÐ>Q
KVJJª=ze?Æ(Ŧ>Ãɪ¼ÃÉ·¢ÐÊm×ôfnà¢ze?ÊÂÆ(¼Ã¾>?´·º
(Ä¿ºfN²?¼Ãºh·È×ÄÉ·¢=ÇÇq>ºÎ·¢¼Ãª(½Ç·£ºTf]η¢ð>V·q
>÷ÉFi¼Ãv£E¹>¯ª(ÁÇ»·j=>Ãɪ¬·J]=¶=Êê(ÌÇ¿¢Ld]î?ze?Æ
ÀÈd¶= E >ðìì] >Ãi>? Í£Ee? Ádzɪ (¼j¯IÆ k»^Jª ͻɿ§¶= ¸ÉFi
¹>®Æ *>£IÆ µe>FI = Î À Ê®>F¶= k»= ÁdzÈÆ (Íq>] >ÂÇVJJª=
ͻɿ¦ >÷£ Á? Ï?e ÁC ½>ºÝ= C >Ãɪ f¿¶=Æ >û³U ¸E ¼Ãv£E
Á?Ï?eÁCÆ(Ķ´¶dªÉ~ U=¹Çie¸£ª>»²>ûj¯ÈÆ>Ãj»^ɪ
»·j= η¢ ͪǮǺ ÁdzI À³¶Æ (>ûj¯È ×Æ >Ãj» ت >ðÒɪ >÷£
¶=zeÙ=½>³U?Ådê *´¶c¸£ªa=Çj¶>Ef»¢¤¿q>»²(=ǯE>ºÍº>¢
*bÉF¢ÊE?½Ø²ÎÃJ¾=>ðVJªXJ«I
Á?½ÇÈCUð=b»Ä¶Çie=¸ie?Á?d¿º½ØiÝ=zeÙ>ª
Æ?(T=f]ze?Æ?(fn¢ze?ÁdzIÁ?>ºC(>ÃÉ·¢ÀºÆzeÙ==PfÈ
*X·qze?
¬r¾ Æ? (fn£¶= >ÿº d]ÖàÈ ¶= zeÙ= Êê fn£¶= ze? >º?
CÍFj¾´¶dEKÉë»ià >CÆ(ÍÈfn¢ze?Êê>ÿºSJ¿È>»¢Ì>²gfn£¶=
*>ÿ¢Ì>²gzeÙ=SI>¾Àºd]ÖÈËd¶=fn£¶=
Í¿Èb=ze? ¸Nº Ð=bJE=>ÃÉ·¢>÷Â?¼·i? ze?¸² ¸»nIÊÂÆ
Åb£EÀºÐ>«·=ÆU¹Çif¶=½>È?Í¿Èb=¸Â?Á>²b¯ª(>ÉjɾÆb¾?ÆÌeäÇ¿=
./3
*¼Ãue?SI>¾À¢Ì>²gfn£¶=×CÁÇ£ªbÈ×
>ÃÉ·¢>÷Â?¼·i?Ð=Çi(Hf£¶=ÌfÈhQ¸²fn£¶=ze?¸»nI>»²
ͳº ze? U = ¹Çie µfI b¯ª (ͳ»² ÌÇ¿¢ KVJª Æ? Í¿Èb>²
Hf£¶= ÁÙ ´¶cÆ (ÌfÈh= ÍɯE ´¶d²Æ (¼Ã¿º >Âd]@È Æ (>÷ÂÙ
UĶÇieΫìq=>ª*¬Éj¶=Æ?½ØiÝ=×C¼Ã¿º=¸F¯È²fn=
(IJ=eaCÆ Ä»Ãª η¢ eb®Ù= ¼Ã¾Dª ´¶d¶Æ (¼ÃJ§·E ÁAf¯¶= ¹h¾?Æ (¼Ã¿º
¤ºÍÈh=¼Ã¿º¸F¯ÈÆ(¸J¯È¼·jàÈÀºÆ(½ØiÝ>Eð>£É¼Âfº?´¶d¶Æ
η¢ ÍÈhQ ¸F¯È ¼·ª (e>§r¶= =d À¢ ¼Ãºf²? b¯ª (¼Ã¿Èa η¢ ¼ÃÑ>¯E
ð>ue?Hf£¶=ÌfÈhQ¤É¸£Q¸E(¼Ãue?η¢ð>Q=f]¤vÈÆ(¼ÃiÆÕe
(»·jº>þ>³i¸£QÆ(ÌÇ¿¢KVJªÆ?(>ÃÉ·¢>÷Â?¼·i?Ð=Çi(ÍÈfnà¢
(½ØiÝ= ÀÈa ×C >Ãɪ ίFÈ × ÎJU >ÿº aÇÃɶ= Tf Á? ¹Çif¶= fº?Æ
¼·³I>ºf]AÁ>²6¹>®\=f=ÀEÌbÉF¢ÊE?°Èf{ÀºÊºe=b¶=Tf]?
ÌfÈhQÀºÁ=f¸Â?Æg>R=ÀºaÇÃɶ==ÇQf]? 6¹>® U=¹ÇieÄE
×C >ÿº d]ÖàÈ À³È ´¶d¶Æ *Ä¿¢ = Êue f»¢ ¼ÃQf]@ª Hf£¶=
*Í¢>j¶=ÅdÂÎJUU¹Çif¶=Áb¶ÀºSI>¿¶=À¢Ì>²gfn£¶=
>ÃVJª ze? ¸² ÍÈfn¢ >ðue? ÁdzIÆ fn£¶= ze@E °V·ÈÆ
Æ? *É] ze? ¸Nº (Ee>= E ½>ºÝ= >ûj®Æ \Øj¶= ÌǯE ÁÇ»·j=
*sƽ>n¶=»·j=b¿Q¤º¸rU>»²>ÿºÐhQη¢½>ºÝ=¼Âf®?
(>ÂÇ·]bÈs=ÇVJªÀÈd¶=»·j=äÁ?¼É³UÀEtÇUÙ=ÏÆeb¯ª
(ËÆàe>»²Æ*Á>»N¢Æf»¢¼Å>vº@ª(ÅÇÉU>ªbEeÙ=fþη¢=Æf³j¢¸E
s ¸Â?Æ °nºa ¸Â? =Ç>qÆ ½>n¶= aØE η¢ »·j= = fÃ? >ò
=Æf³j£ª(=Æb¢¼Ã¾>^MCƼÂeÇüJÈÁ?ÁÆa>ÂÇ·]bÈÁ?=ÇÂf²
./4
>»ÉªÍU>FºK¾>²TÆfàºÏafE¿QÆ(Á>F£mTfºCÌh=EÏafEóTáfºß
f»¢ ´¶c ¨·Fª (>Ãɪ =Ǻ>®@ª (¼Ã¿º bUÙ Kjɶ >Â=fî®Æ °nºa ¸Â? E
¸E(>ÃÉ·¢T=f]×>÷ÂÙ¹hIÆ *Á>»N¢Åb£EÀºÅ>vº?Æ *¼Å>vº@ª
*T=f=>ÃÉ·¢HfvÈÆ(Ð=bJE=»·j»·¶K³·º>þÙ(fn£¶=ËaÖI
Á>² ¶=¤Ñ>쯶=ÍÈfn¢ð>ue?ÁdzÈÆfn£¶=ze@E°V·È´¶d²Æ
Àºð>EÆfÂ>÷Â?>òfI¶=Æ(ÌÇ¿¢ÍUÇJ«=Êu=eÙ=Àºl>¿·¶½>ºÝ=>ãì¯àÈ
Æ?¼Ã·ÂÙÆ?>Ãɪ½>³V·¶Æ?(ÍUÇJ«=ͶÆb·¶Í²Ç·K¾>²Æ?(»·j=
bQÆľ?(Ð>ºb¯¶=Í^Én=ÀºÍ¿Èb=¸Â?x£EÀ¢aeÆ>»² *¼ÃEe>®?
¹AÆ Ïfj² ¹=Ǻ? Ϋq? Ä¿¢ = Êue H>ì= ÀE f»¢ Á? Á=ÇÈb¶=
Ð>ºxɧº¸²Æ(Ͳf£=¸åJ®îÀº¸²Æ(Äue?À¢çfªíáÀºß 串Æ(Ïfj²
>ÿºd]ÖàÈÁ>²Æ *¤ì®?ÀÊu=eÙ==dÂÀº¤ì¯Èf»¢Á>²Æ *Íæ »ßQ?Æ?
ËbÈ?°FI>þÙ(ͶÆb¶=ÌǯEKVJªÇ¶Æ(ÍÈfn¢ð>ue?Le>rª(fn£¶=
ÀºÄ¶>â>ì®DEÐ=bJE=¼·j=>󷺸E(T=f=>ÃÉ·¢HfvàÈÆ(>ÃE>Vq?
*½>ºÝ=
=>ÃVJ«ÈÁ?ßbá£Eß(àb£ßEXJ«Ize?Àº½>ºÝ=Äà£ìå ¯àÈ>º´¶d²Æ
U ¹Çif¶= ¥>ì®C ¸Nº ´¶cÆ (Ķ ¤ì¯àI À Øð «¾ ÁdzIÆ (¿ºÖ= η¢
ð>»ÉÁCcC*¸É·=ÁÇ¿É¢ÆÁÇUf=ÆÁÆUÆËUze?Ëe=b¶=¼É»J¶
ÅdÂÄ£ì¯ÈÁ?Ä¿ºG·{(ÄJ¢>¤ºU=¹Çieη¢bªÆ>ºb¿¢Ëe=b¶=
*´¶dEð>E>J²Ä¶GJ²Æ *>Â>ÈCÄ£ì®>ª(»·j=η¢=>ÃVJªÁCÀ²>ºÙ=
»·j=η¢=>ÃVJª>òÆ(H>J³¶=´¶cη¢ÀÈbÂ>n¶=Àºf»¢Á>²Æ
U = ¹Çie Ð>ì¢DE Ð>ªÆ ÄɶC f»¢ >ûò·jª f»¢ Àº >ÃF·{ (f»¢ ½>È?
Àº l>¿·¶ ½>ºÝ= Ä£ì¯È >º ´¶d²Æ *¹=ǺÙ= ÅÇ bÉF¢ ÇE? ÏÆe
./5
Pe>=ÀE¹ØE U=¹Çie¤ì®?>»²(ͶÆb·¶ ͲǷ»=fn£¶=Êu=e?
´¶cÆ(fn¢ze?ÊÂÆÍ¿Èb=ÀºÍFÈf®ze?ÊÂÆ(¤? °É¯£¶=ʾh=
*bÉF¢ÇE?ÏÆe>»²
ÍJɺze?¸²(´¶d²ÍÈfn¢ð>ue?ÁdzIÆ(fn£¶=ze@E°V·àÈÆ
Êu=e? Àº K¾>²? Ð=Çi (Ð>ÉUÝ= ¥=Ǿ? Àº ¥Ç¾ Ë@E Á>j¾Ý= >Â>ÉU?
½?(>ÃÉ·¢>÷Â?¼·i?ze?Ë?Æ>ÉjɾÆb¾?Æ(Hf£¶=ÌfÈhQÀºË?(fn£¶=
Á=b·F¶=Àº>¦ÆfrºÆ½>n¶=Ʊ=f£¶=Êu=e@²T=f=ze?K¾>²
>ÉU?Àº 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®=bF¢ÀEfE>QÀ¢ *ÌÇ¿¢ÍUÇJ«=
Á?bÈgÀEbÉ£i°Èf{Àºð>vÈ?ÏÆeÆ *Ëdº¶=Å=Æe ĶÊêÍJɺð>ue?
*°U>±f£¶kɶÆ(ĶÊêÍJɺð>ue?>ÉU?Àº 6¹>®U¿¶=
×C>ÃɪG×Æ(ÍÈfn¢ôz=e?>Ãò·²Êu=eÙ=Àº¥=ǾÙ=Ådê
e>EÛ=ÀºKɯi ÁCfn£¶=¬r¾Æ? (Ð>»j¶=Ð>KɯiÁCSI>¿¶=fn¢
§IÆËbÈÙ=>ÃÉ·¢K¶bFIÁCÆ *¹bFJI×ƧJI×Æ(Ê®=Çj¶=Æe>þÙ=Æ
>÷Â? ¼·i? ze? Êê (¹bFJI Æ §JI ÍÉ®>E >ÃJ«q ÁÙ µØî= >ÃÉ·¢
L>«r¶= ÅdÂÆ (Hf£¶= ÌfÈhQ Àº Ê Æ? (Ð=bJE= ¼·jº >ó·º Æ? (>ÃÉ·¢
Í«r¶=ÁDª(fª>² C ¼·jº ÀºK·¯J¾=ǶÎJU¹ÆhI× fÂb¶=bE?ÍÉ®>E
SJ¿IÁDª*SI>¿¶=η¢Ì>²gfn£¶=Ð=a?>ÃÉ·¢ð>FQ=ÆίFÈÆ(>ͺg×ίFI
×CÆK¢eàgÁC×CÍÉ¿³j¶=zeÙ=η¢Ì>²g×´¶d¶Æ *>ÃÉ·¢Ì>²gت
dÑb¿¢>ÃɪGÆÌe>RJ¶=zÆfà¢Àºð>u ß fߢXFrI>þDªÌe>RJ·¶Ld==cC
*Ìe>RJ¶=zÆf¢Ì>²g
>ÃJF®e Ádz· (>ÃE>VqÙ ´·º Ê ÍÈfn£¶= zeÙ=Æ
ÍFÂÆÀÂeÆÌe>ƤÉEÀº(>ÃɪL>ªfrJ¶=¥Ç¾?¤ÉÁdz·Æ(>ÃJ£«¿ºÆ
.0,
ͶÆb¶=¼¤ªbIÆ(¼Â>ufE×C¼Ã¿º¥h[¿I×Æ(¼Ã¿¢PeÇI>»²(¬®ÆÆ
=cC zeÙ= ´¶>º Á? ×C (>ÃJ£«¿º ÀÆ zeÙ= ÍF®e À ¼Ã¿º >ÃJ¢h¾ ÁC
(zeÙ=Íɳ·ºGFiÁ>²>»Ãº(ŧ¶Îì£IÆÄ¿ºd]ÖI¿iPØM>÷ì¢
zeÙ=¸Éì£JEÌ£¶=ÁÙ7= *** Ð>ÉUÝ=Æ?¥>ì®Ý=Æ?PeÝ=Æ?Ð=fn¶>²
Pe>=ÀE¹ØEÀºH>ì=ÀEf»¢¤Qi=´¶d¶Æ *>ÃJɳ·ºGFjE×
=¹ÇieÁCĶ¹>®Á?b£E(ÄIe>»¢¤ìJjÈ>º°É¯£¶=ze?ÀºÊ¾h=
Leb® >º d^ª (¸»£J¶ ´£ì®? >CÆ l>¿¶= η¢ ÅfRVJ¶ ´£ì¯àÈ U
¹ÇieÄÉ¿£ì®?(ð>ÒÉm=Ƹ£ª?× 6¹ØEĶ¹>¯ªÊ®>F¶=aeÆ(ÄIe>»¢Î·¢
Á?ÁÆaÄIe>»¢À¢hR¢>ºÄ¿ºd]@ª *À·£«J¶=Æf»¢¹>¯ª * U =
ĶǮ f»¢ À¢ ËÆàe ´¶d²Æ *»·j= E Ä»j¯ª (ð>¯·ìº ÐÊnE ÄuÇ£È
Å=Æe ¿iPØMb£E°UfRJkɶÆĶÊêð>ue?>ÉU?Àº ¿=η¢
(>Âf»£È¿iPØMð>ue?¸ì¢áÀߺ 6¹>®Æ*T=f=H>J²¬iÇÈÇE?
¥>C b¯£¾= b®Æ XJ«¶= fRU ÀE= Åf²c Ķ Êê >Âf»£ª Ŧ Ð>Rª
*ŧ¶Îì£IÆ(Ä¿ºd]ÖI¿iPØMÄue?¸ì¢ÀߺÁ?η¢ÍE>Vr¶=
»·j= ÌǯE ÌÇ¿¢ KVJª ¶= zeÙ= Êê T=f= ze? >º?
(>ÃE>Vq? bÉE ½>ºÝ= >Â>¯E? ¸E (Ee>= E ¼j¯I >ÿ³¶Æ (¼ÃnÉQÆ
frºÆ½>n¶=Ʊ=f£¶=KVJª>ľ?´¶c¸qÙ=Æ*T=f=>ÃÉ·¢HfuÆ
¼äj® >»² ¼Ã¿ÉE >ûj¯È Á? ÁÇ»·j= Ä¿º G·{ (H>ì= ÀE f»¢ ½>È?
bF¢Æ¹ØE(zeÙ=Í»j¯EF¶>ì=l?eη¢Á>²Æ*É]U=¹Çie
(zeÙ= ¼j¯È × Á? f»¢ Àº >F·{ (=ðc>£ºÆ >ðÉ·¢ Á? ¦ *Eh¶=Æ Àf¶=
½b®Ä¿¢=Êuef»¢Á?¹=ǺÙ=bÉF¢ÇE?ÏÆe>»²f»£¶c>£º¹>®Æ
>º À¾Ç³É¶ =Æ (c>£º Ķ ¹>¯ª »·j= E zeÙ= Í»j® a=e@ª ÍÉE>=
.0-
ÁÆbÉFȼM(½Ç¯¶=ËbÈ?¼É£¶=¤Èf¶=e>q(½Çɶ=>ÃJ»j®ÁC´¾C(Åf³I
ÀºÁÆbjÈf]A½Ç®¼Âb£EÊI@ȼM(Ì?f=ÆbU=Ƕ=¸Qf¶=C´¶crɪ
b®Æ *¼Âf]AƼÆ?¤jÈð=fº?f¾>ª(ð>ÒÉmÁÆb×¼ÂÆ(ð=bä jº½ØiÝ=
ð×ØE«²=¼Ã·¶= 6f»¢¹>®ÎJUÍF¶>ì=f»¢Î·¢ÄFVqƹØEçbJm=
6¼ Ķ>® > Á>²Æ e>r¾Ù=Æ ÀÈfQ>Ã= ´¶c f»¢ e>nJi=Æ *ÄÈÆcÆ
Æ T=f= >Ãɪ ¼ÃÉ·¢ ¤u?Æ (>ÃQÇ·£E ueÙ= kFU? Á? KÈ?e b®Æ
ÀºÊI@ÈÀÆÍÈed¶=ÆÍ·I>¯=»·j»·¶ð>ÒɪÁdzJª>þÆaÖÈÍÈh=¼ÃE>®e
Áb=Åd¼JÈ?e?(>þǺgØȹ>QeÀº >bE×(eǧN¶=Åd¼JÈ?e?¼Âb£E
ÀßVnàI Á? > bE × (frºÆ ÌfrF¶=Æ ÍªÇ³¶=Æ ÌfÈh=Æ ½>n¶>² (½>£¶=
K»j® =cC Ð×Ö Îì£È ÀÈ? À»ª (¼ÃÉ·¢ Ð>[죶= e=eaCÆ pÇ[É[>E
*KÈ?e >ºÆ K·£ª >º ¼£¿ª ´È?e Ë?f¶= >ð£É =Ƕ>¯ª (TÇ·£¶=Æ ÁÇueÙ=
6>ÿºÆ(fn=ÌeÇiÌae=Ƕ=ÐÊ«¶=L>ÈBEÄÈ?eη¢¼¹bJi=b®Á>²Æ
V<°5XSØ\?_XT V<V ×m°ÝÙÎ X=Xq |ESÅSÁWc ×1°F°iØÈW C°% TÃÄ\C |ÚÏ°XT @
>»ÉªÁÇI@ÈÀÈd¶=Á?ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂÀº¹bJi>ª > ¨C\-c0_¯ W5SÁW\y |ÚÏ°
ͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈC¼Âb£EÊI@ÈÀºÆ(¼ÃÉ£E>IÆ£E>J¶=ÆÍE>Vr¶=Ð>¿E?Àºb£E
*ÐÊ«¶==dÂÀº°VJjÈ
¼Ñ=a frº a>C C Ç¢bI ÍQ>= Á? f»¢ Ìf¾ ÁDª ´¶d¶Æ
>rº Ìe=aC η¢ Ä¿º °«¿ÈÆ (Ð>죶= Ä¿º ¤ªbÈÆ (b¿= η¢ Ä¿º fràÈ
C T>J L>¯«¿¶= ÅdÂÆ *Á>ºh¶= f]A C ÁÇQ>J= Ä¿º Îì£ÈÆ (ͶÆb¶=
ÌeÇiÌae=Ƕ=ÐÊ«¶=L>ÈÛĻêÆų«IÅ=bê *¤ì¯¿È×¼Ñ=afrº
>ÃɯFàÈ Á?Æ (»·j= E \ÇJ«¶= Êu=e? ¼Éj¯I À¢ ¤¿J Á? C (fn=
Ä¿º°«¿Èð>»Ñ=að>ÒɪÁdzɶT=f=>ÃÉ·¢HfvÈÁ?Æ(>ÃE>Vq?bÉEð>iÇFU
.0.
Cf»£E=bUËd¶=ʯɯ=ο£=ÇÂ=dÂ(¼Ã>rºÆ»·j=b¿Qη¢
>º? 6f»¢ ¹Ç® Ä¿¢ £È ο£= =dÂÆ *»·j= E zeÙ= Í»j® ½b¢
KVJª>ºÐÊm¼kɶð>¾>çFßEl>¿¶=f]AµfI?Á?×ǶÅbÉEÊj«¾Ëd¶=Æ
¼Í¾=h]>òfI?³¶ÆÉ]U¿¶=¼j®>»²>ÃJ»j®×CÍÈf®Ê·¢
*$>ðÒÉmÁdz·×ºbß £º6>ð¾>FçEß%Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe>þǻjJ¯È
ÊÂÆ»·j=¤É»Í²Ç·T=f=ze?ÍF®eÁ?µßebÈà=dÂÀºÆ
À¢ÍE>ɾ(>اJi=Æ>ÃIe>»£¶×C>ÃE>Vq?bÉE>ÂÕ>¯E>ºÆ(¼ÃÉ·¢ÍiÇF
(>ÃE ¼Ã¢>«J¾= η¢ ¼ÃÑ>¯EC ¸E>¯º >ÃÉ·¢ >ðQ=f] =Ç£ªbÈ Á? η¢ *»·j=
*>ÃJ£«¿º´·ºÎ·¢=Æäf®î?b®¼Ã¿³¶Æ>ÃJF®f¶³¶>º¦¼Ãª(>¼Ø§Ji=Æ
Åd Ð=fm ½b¢ ¼·£¶= ¸Â? Àº N²Æ ÍE>Vr¶= x£E Ë?e Áç Dª ´¶d¶Æ
*´¶>ºÆÊ¢=gÆÙ=Æf»¢ÀE=bF¢Æl>F¢ÀE=ÆÊ·¢Æf»¢¼Ã¿º(zeÙ=
(ÍÈh= ze? Ð=fm À¢ ÁÇßÃá¿ßÈ »·j= Í»Ñ? ¹hÈ 6Ê¢=gÆÙ= ¹>®Æ
η¢ >ðue?Ïm=b®fªÀEÍFJ¢Á?£n¶=ÏÆeb®Æ ¼ÂÕ>»·¢ ÄÂf³ÈÆ
6¹>®>ÃJÈm=À 6¹>¯ªf»£¶´¶cf²dªð>Fr®>Ãɪd^JɶL=f«¶=Ó{>m
KÈm=¸Ãª>ÃE>Ee?Ð×Ö¹>®(e>r¾Ù=ÆÁÆfQ>Ã=¤»JQ=>»·ª(>ÃE>Ee?Àº
>CÆ *´¶>ºd]ÆÄ¿º>ÃJÈm=ÀºÎ·¢>Âaae>ª6¹>®(×6¹>® *ð>ÒÉm¼Ã¿º
»·j»·¶>ÃJF®elÇFàU>þÙ(ͺd¶=¸Â?ÀºÍÉQ=f=zeÙ=Ð=fm=ÇÂf²
¼·j=¸£RÉiͺd¶=¸Â?Àº>ÂÐ=fmÁÙÆ(¥>FàÈ×ÇÂƬ®Ç¶=KÃFm>ª
Ä¿¢ Åh[¿JÈ Á? G (e>§q T=f= Á? ÁÆJ£È =Ǿ>²Æ (T=f= ¤ªbÈ
bQÇÈľ?¦ *¹d¶=Æe>§r¶>Eçf®?b¯ªT=f=߸Få®íáÀºß =Ƕ>®ÎJUÁÇ»·j=
Á? >»² (Äɪ ÐÊm × Ð=fn¶= ¸£Q Àº Ð>﫶=Æ ÍE>Vr¶= Àº Ð×Ö ¦
aÇ£jº ÀE= Á? ËÆàe b¯ª (ÍÈh= Êu=e? Àº Ïm= b® ÍE>Vr¶= x£E
.0/
¼Ãue?ÌÇ¿£¶=¸Â?½>ºÝ=çf®?=cCËeÇN¶=¹>®Æ *ð>ue?Á>í̄áÂaß ÀºÏm=
ËÆàeÆ ({f¯¶=Æ ÀÈi ÀE= À¢ =d[ Ç[ ËÆàeÆ *>[ÂÇ[£È>FIÆ >ÂÇ[Me=ÇI
ÄÉ¿§ÈÆÄÉ«³È>º¸Qf¶=ËnÈ (¸Ãi?Ð=fn¶=Á>²ÁC 6¹>®Ä¾?b?À¢
*l>¿¶=À¢
>Ãî·Â?çf®î?¶=Æ(ÌÇ¿¢KVJª¶=zeÙ=¤®=ÆC°É®b¶=f¿¶>EÆ
>ÃMe=ÇI b® (zeÙ= Åd Á? bÂ>nÈ (>ÿ¢ T=f= =Ç£ªbÈ Á? η¢ (>ÃÉ·¢
bU?Æ?(ÍE>Vr¶=ÀºbU?Àºe>³¾CÁÆa¸ÉQb£EðØÉQ(Ð>EÛ=À¢Ð>¿EÙ=
zeÙ>²PeÇIÍÉQ=f=zeÙ=Á?η¢ ¤{>®¸É¶a=dÂÆ *»·j=Àº
(Í»Ñ=b¶=>ÃJ£«¿ºÇÂ>C(ÍÉQ=f=zeÙ=PeÇÈËd¶=Á?¦(ÍÈfn£¶=
ÀEf»¢çf®?b¯ª(>ÃJ£«¿º>º?*»·j=¤É»´·º>þÙ(>ÃJF®ePeÇI×Æ
´·Í£«¿=Æ *fÂb¶=f]ACÍ»Ñ=b¶=>ÃJ£«¿ºÍɳ·ºÎ·¢>ÃE>Vq?H>ì=
¤ÉE Àº (L>ªfrJ¶= ¥=Ǿ? ¤É >ÃE frJÈ Á? Í£«¿= ´¶>Æ (PeÇIÆ
*L>ªfrJ¶=Àº´¶c¦ÆÍÉqÆÆÍFÂÆÀÂeÆ
ÇÂ>CÆT=f=°¯VJº¦e>§r¶=ÁDªÍɾ>N¶=>º? *ÍÉU>¾ÅdÂ
¸E>¯º zeÙ= GU>q Ä£ªbÈ >C zeÙ= T=f[] ÁÙ (l?f¶= Í[Èh[Q
Ìa>«Ji×=Æ(zeÙ=¹Ø§Ji=ÀºÄ¿³¶=(zeÙ=Í£«¿ºÍɳ·ºÎ·¢Åe=f®C
¤ªbÈ Ä¾Ù (¹d¶= ο£º ×Æ e>§r¶= ο£º Äɪ fÃÈ × Ä¾Dª ´¶d¶Æ *>ÿº
Á?ÏfI×? *e>§qÄɪbQÇÈ×Í£«¿º¸E>¯º¤ªbȹ>ºË?Æ *Í£«¿º¸E>¯º
ÄIe>RJE Æ? e=b¶= ο³jE Ä¢>«J¾= ¸E>¯º Á>j¾Ý= >ãªbÈ ¶= ÌfQÙ=
¸E>¯ºÇÂ>CzeÙ=T=f]ÁDª´¶d¶Æ *e>§qË?>ÃɪbQÇÈ×Á>²b¶=
ze? ËnÈ áÀºß °V·È × ´¶dEÆ =ðe>§q J£È ت zeÙ= Í£«¿º ´·
*e>§qË?T=f=
.00
>ÿ¢ ¤ªbÈ ¶= ÍUÇJ«= zeÙ= η¢ fä ®î? Ëd¶= fª>³¶= ÁDª >ðN¶>MÆ
Íɳ·ºÁdzIĶÇVJEÆÄJÈec Æ?Ǽ·jºC¹ÇVJÈÁ?ÍÉ·E>®ÄɪT=f=
ÀºT=f=¤ªa¹ÇVJÈ´¶dEÆ(¼·jºCfª>²ÀºK·¯J¾=b®zeÙ=Í£«¿º
frºÆle>ªÆ½>n¶=Ʊ=f£¶=¸Â@ª*¸£«¶>E¸rU>º=dÂÆ(¼·jºCfª>²
Ëd¶=Ǽ·j=XFq?Æ(»·jºC=ǶÇb®ÍUÇJ«=aØF¶=Àº>¦Æ
(Ð=fn¶=Æ?¤ÉF¶>E¼·jºC¼·jºÀºÍÉQ=f=zeÙ=¹>¯J¾=Æ(T=f=¤ªbÈ
¼·jºÍɳ·ºE±fª×cC(Ð=ÇiÁÇ»·j>ª(Äɪ±fª×P==Æ?ÍF=Æ?
¼·jºÀºT=f=ze?¹>¯J¾=ÀºTfU×Á?FJÈ´¶dEÆ *f]A¼·jºÆ
>ºÆzeÙ=Í«qÆ *´¶c¦Æ?ÍÉqÆÆ?ÍFÂÆ?¤ÉEÆ?P=¼·jºC
>»ÃºÆ zeÙ= ´¶>º ¥Ç¾ Á>² >»Ãº (fÂb¶= f]A C ίFÈ >ÃÉ·¢ G
C ÍÉ®>E (ðÌÇß ¿ß¢ KßVJåîª >þDz Àº >ÃJ«q ÁÙ (µØî= ËbÈ? >ÃÉ·¢ L§I
ÅdÂfëɧàÈ×¼·jºCfª>²Àº>ÃJ£«¿ºÍɳ·º¹>¯J¾=Æ(§JI×fÂb¶=f]A
zeÙ>EÇEfºT=f=ÁÙ(T=f=Àº>ÃÉ·¢GQÆ>ºfëɧàÈ×>»²*Í«r¶=
*´·>Eð>{ÇEfºkɶÆ>ÃÉ·¢>÷Â?çf®î?¶=ÍUÇJ«=
(>ÿÎu>¯JÈÁ=Æ(Í£«¿=Åd¤ÉFÈÁ?ĶzeÙ=Í£«¿º´·ÀºÆ
×ÆÎJU>ÃFU>qÀº>âh¾ãbU?´·×Æ(>þ>?°VJjIÆ¥>FI¤ª>¿=ÁÙ
ßfÈß Æ Ìð Çß ¿ß¢ ½>ºÝ= >ÃVJJª= ze? >? 6¬iÇÈ ÇE? ¹>® (»·j= Í«É·]
ÀE f»¢ ¸£ª >»² (>÷Â? ËbÈ? >Âe=f®C \Ør¶= Ï?eÆ (>ÃJ»jå®
Á?ĶkɶÆ(T=f]ze?ÊÂÆ(´¶cÄ·ª(a=Çj¶=Ä¿¢=ÊueH>ì=
¼ÃÉ·¢¤vÈÆ>þǣÈ>FJÈÆ(>þÇMe=ÇJȼ´·ºÊÂÆ(¼Ã¿º´¶cb£E>Âd]@È
ÊI@È À ¸ç × a=Çj¶= ze? Àº >ðue? Ì×Ƕ= Ä£ì®? Àº ¸²Æ **T=f=
ð>Me=Æ(ÅbÈÇÂÀºbÈÀºÄQf×Æ(´¶cafÈÁ?Ð>«·=Àº¼Âb£E
.01
=dêf]A>ãì®?Æð>ue?bU=ÆbÈÀºÊ¶=Ƕ=d]?ÁC>çº@ª(ð>ÈnºÆ?Á>²
Á?Ä£jÈ×Æ(½>ºÞ¶¸Øª(f]AÎì¢?Æ(ð=bU=ÆGr¦(Gq>§¶=Ͷh[¿
´¶cÀºÅbÈÀºTf×Æ(bÂ>£º×Ƽ·jº°Ul>¿¶=Àºð=bU?¤ì¯È
´¶cη¢ÆÄÉ·¢Ä¶GQÆËd¶=´¶dEÅd]@ɪ*ÄÉ·¢Ä¶G°}×Cð>ÒÉm
ο¦ × ÍV·r T=f= Êu=e? Àº ze= d]٠ͶÆb¶= KQ>JU= =cC
Í£«¿ºÄJɳ·ºÀzeÙ=´¶>¤ªbIÁ?>ÃÉ·¢GľDª(>ÿ¢»·j»·¶
>CÍÉQ=f=zeÙ=´¶>ºÁÙ(>ÃJF®eÀ×(>ÃÉ·¢K¶ÇJi=¶=zeÙ=
>ÃÉ·¢´¶d¶Æ *»·j»·¶Í²Ç·>ÃJF®eÁÙ(>ÃJF®e×zeÙ=Í£«¿º´·
×Æ (̧q ½? ÌF² K¾>² >»Ãº Í£«¿= ÇÂÆ (´· >º À Ķ ¤ªbI Á?
ð>E>rJ¦=J£È´¶cÁÙ(fRmÆ?Ð>¿EÀº>ÃÉ·¢¼É®?>ºÀ¤ªaη¢frJ¯I
Í®>{Àº>Ãɪ>º´·Æ(fRmÆ?Ð>¿EÀº>ÃÉ·¢¼É®?>º´·Çêij·°
ÁdzÈ>eÍq>](´¶c¸²Àeçb¯àÈÁ?GRɪͻÑ=aÍ£«¿ºÀºÆ(T>J¾Þ¶
fRmÆ?Ð>¿EÀº>ÃÉ·¢>º>»¿ÉE(×Û=L=fn£E>Â=m=b®zeÙ=´¶>º
(Ķ¼·fRn¶=ÆÐ>¿F¶=À¤ªaη¢e>rJ®×>ª(L>Ò=L=fn¢ËÆ>jÈ×
ÁdzIÍ£«¿ºÀºÄue?>º¤ÉÀͶÆb¶=¤ªbIÁCÆ(į Í¢>uCÆ
>ÿ ¤ªbàÈ Á? GRɪ ¥>FàI >ºb¿¢ ¤ª>¿= Àº Í£«¿º Ë@² ´¶cÆ (ÍFrJ§º
*Ø
ð º>²
Ê >C (ÍÉQ=f= zeÙ>E ͯ·£J= ͯE>j¶= ½>³UÙ= ¤É ÁC
>û³UÁDªÍUÇJ«=aØF¶=ÍÉ¿³j¶=Êu=eÙ=>º?Æ(Í¢=eh·¶Ìb£=zeÙ=
(>ÃÉ·¢ T=f] × ÍÉ¿³j¶= Êu=eÙ= ÁDª (ÍÉ¢=eh¶= Êu=eÙ= ½>³UÙ ¬¶>
ÁÇ»·j= XJª >ºb¿£ª (ÍE>Vr¶= ¥>DE ´¶cÆ (>ÃJ£«¿ºÆ >ÃJF®e ´·Æ
(¼´·ºKVFq?Æ(¼Ã¿ÉE>ÂÇ»jJ®=Æ(ÌfrF¶=Æͪdz¶==ÇìJ]=±=f£¶=
.02
H>Vq?>ÿ³iÆ *ľcDEH>ì=ÀEf»¢½>È?>ÃJ£«¿ºÆ>ÃJF®eÁdz·
Æ (ÍUÇJ«= Á=b·F¶= Àº >Â¦Æ frºÆ ½>n¶= ´¶d²Æ * U = ¹Çie
( ´·º Ë@² ÏnIÆ ¥>FI K¾>²Æ (>ÿº ÐÊm η¢ >ðQ=f] =Ç£ªbÈ
βhIdÒ¿ÉU>þDª(Ìe>RJ·¶ð>uÆf¢Ld==cC×C(>ÃÉ·¢Ì>²g×´¶d²Æ
*Ìe>RJ¶=zÆf¢Ì>²g
>ûj® Ð>m ÁDª (>Âfº? ½>ºÞ¶ ÌÇ¿¢ ÍUÇJ«= zeÙ= Áä Dª =d³ÂÆ
(>ÃE>Vq?ËbÈ@Eð>iÇFU>òfIÐ>mÁCÆ(É] U=¹Çie¼äj®>»²
½>n¶=Æa=Çj¶=ze?f»¢¸»¢>»²(»·j»·¶ð>ÒɪT=f=>ÃÉ·¢zfªÆ
*»·j»·¶ÍV·rºÅ=fÈ>º´¶c¸£«È*frºÆ
Í¿É£ºÆfnE>ÃÉ·¢>÷Â?Çqze?¸²ÊêX·r¶=ze?>º?Æ
>ð>¯F{K¾>²>»Ãº>ÃE½=hJ¶×=ÆX·r¶=ÆfnEÐ>ªÇ¶=»·j=η¢GÆ
½=hJ¶×=GQÇIÍVÉVqOÈa>U?ÆL>ÈAÀºÄ¶ÇieÍ¿iÆ=H>J²aeÆ
*aÇã¶>EÐ>ªÇ¶=Æ
b¿¢>ÃÉ·¢°«Jȶ=Æfn¶=¥Ç¾Gj}¥=Ǿ?η¢X·r¶=ze?Æ
Æfm GjU >ÿ¢ >÷Â? ηRàÈÆ »·j»·¶ ¼·õjIà ze@ª *X·r¶= b¯¢
η¢U=¹Çie¼Ã>qb¯ª(v¿¶=EaÇÃȤº¸rU>»²(X·r¶=
×C (¹=ǺÙ=Æ Í£JºÙ= Àº ¸EÝ= K· >º ¼Æ (Í¿Èb= Àº ¼ÃÉ· Á?
½>ºÞ¶Åfº?µÆº¥Ç¿¶==dÂÆ *ĶÇie η¢=Ð>ª? >K¾>³ª *\Øj¶=
*»·j»·¶ÍV·rºÄɪÏfÈËd¶=¸³n¶>EÄɪfrJÈ
(>Ãɪ¼Âèfå̄à¾Æ(¼>ÃJɳ·ºÎ¯FIÁ?η¢>ÃÉ·¢>÷Â?Çqze?Æ
ð>³·º >ÃJ£«¿ºÆ >ÃJF®e ίFI zeÙ= Ådê (ð>ºÇ·£º >ðQ=f] =Ç£ªbÈ Á? η¢
(>þdz·Í£·iË?ÁǶa>FJÈ>»²>þǶa>FJÈÆ(X·r¶=ÆfmGjU>÷ÂÙ
.03
ÄÉ·¢=ÇÇq>º×C¼ÃÉ·¢kɶÆ(¼Ã¿¢PeÇIÆ(>ÃJFÂÆ>ë®ÆÆ>ãÉE¼Æ
ÁC¼Ãue?ÁDª´¶d¶Æ(ÍÈh=Ͷh[¿T=f==dÂÆ(ÄÉ·¢a=hÈ×(T=f]Àº
*T=f]ze?KjɶzeÙ=ÁÙ(ð>Q=f]>ÿ¢¤ªbÈ×¼·jºCK·¯J¾=
áÀºß À¢ ÍÈh= ¯jI >»² (T=f= ¼Ã¿¢ ¯i ¼Â =Ç»·i? =cC ´¶d²Æ
>VJîª ÀÈfVF¶=Æ fR ÁÙ ´¶cÆ *ÀÈfVF¶=Æ fR ze@² ´¶cÆ (¼·jàÈ
Ïf¯¶=ÅdÂÆ *\àec?ƹb¿=ͺÆaÆÍF¯£¶=Í·È?ð>V·qKVJª>»²ð>V·àq
(ÍÈe>jÉ® Øß] >º (½>n¶= Ábº ´¶d²Æ *ÍÈh= U = ¹Çie C La?
ÁDª ´¶d¶Æ *>ðV·q XJª >ÂfN²? Æ? >÷² Á>i=f] aØEÆ ÌfÈh= aØEÆ
*X·r¶=¼³U>û³U
Æ >Ãɪ ¼Âèf¯à¾Æ >¿¶ zeÙ= Áç ? η¢ e>«³¶= >ÃÉ·¢ Çq ze?Æ
>ÃQ=f]Æ(ÌÇ¿£¶=ze?¼³U>û³UzeÙ=Ådê(½Ç·£ºT=f~>ÃIe>»¢
*ÌÇ¿£¶=ze?T=f]
.04
½ØiÝ=e=aÆf«³¶=e=a
η¢ ͧ·¶= e=b¶= °·ìIÆ (b·F¶=Æ À³j=Æ ¸= ͧ·¶= e=b¶=
¶= e>«³¶= aØE Á? Ø] ×Æ *Æb£¶= ze? Hf= e=aÆ (Í·ÉF¯¶=
´¶d²Æ *f«²e=aÆHfUe=aÊÂf«³¶>E>ÃɪÁÇ»³Æ(e>«³¶=>ÿ³jÈ
>Ãɪb£E=ǻɯÈÆ(ÁÇ»·j=>û¿¦¶=Ͳf£=ze?Á?Ø]×
(»·j=bÈK K¾>² ǶÆ(f«²e=aÆHfU e=aʽØiÝ=½>³U?
Ä»Ãid]?Àg>QHf=e=a¼Ñ>¿§¶=K»j®=cCÆ Ð>﫶=¹Ç¯È´¶d¶Æ
bU=Æ Î¿£ f«³¶= e=aÆ Hf= e=a Í»·²Æ *Å¦Æ ¤ÉF¶>E Äɪ frJ¶=
e=aÁ?Ø]×´¶d²Æ *Ͳf£=ze?η¢ÆÆb£¶=aØEη¢Á>¯·ìI
Ð=Çi (ÁÇ»·j= >û³Æ (½ØiÝ= ¼³ ¤v ¶= aØF¶= Ê ½ØiÝ=
f«³¶= e=a ÁC >ðvÈ? Ð>﫶= ¹>®Æ *ɺc =Ǿ>² ½? »·jº >þ>³i Á>²?
e=a =Ç«·J]= ¼Ã¾? ¦ (>Ãɪ ½ØiÝ= ½>³U? eÇÃE ½ØiC e=a rI
rI×½ØiÝ=e=aÁCÀÈbÃJ=x£E¹>¯ª *f«²e=arI=c>½ØiÝ=
Á? ʾ>N¶=Æ (>Ãɪ f«³¶= ½>³U? eÇà >ÂbU? 6Æfm ÍMØNE ×C f«² e=a
ÀºA ʺc ×Æ ¼·jº >Ãɪ ίFÈ × Á? O¶>N¶=Æ (f«³¶= e=b¶ Í>Jº ÁdzI
>CÆ(¸É¶aη¢ð>É¿Fºkɶ¹Ç¯¶==dÂÆ *»·j=Á>º?ÇÂÆ(¹ÆÙ=Á>ºÙ>E
(e>«³¶=Æ»·j=E¹>J¯¶=ÏfQUľ?fÂ>¶>ª*e=b¶=¤®=Ƕ¬qÆÇÂ
e=aÁ?Ͷ>=ÅdÂLJ¢=>ÃÉ·¢Hf=K·Æ»·j=ze?e>«³¶=d]?Æ
e=a ÁC ÀÈbÃJ= x£E ¹>®Æ *>ÃÉ·¢ frJ®=Æ f«² e=a Le>q ½ØiÝ=
>¿¶Ç®Á?¹Ç¯¶==dÂÄQÆÆ*>Ãɪf«³¶=½>³U?eÇÃEf«²e=arI½ØiÝ=
e=b¶=>vI>CÆ(f«³¶=CƽØiÝ=Cͪ>uCf«³¶=e=aƽØiÝ=e=a
.05
Í¿=λjI>»²(>Ãɪf«³¶=Æ?½ØiÝ=eÇÃEf«³¶=CÆ?½ØiÝ=C
eÇÃÆ(e>¿¶=e=ÇF¶=ÆÍ¿=ͺØj¶=aÇQǶe=ÇF¶=e=ae>¿¶=ƽØj¶=e=a
b¯ªe=af«³¶=½>³U?LfÃ=cDª(>»Ãº>³U?eÇÃEf«³¶=ƽØiÝ=
eÇÃE ½ØiC e=a e=b¶= Le>q =dÆ *ͪ>uÝ= KVrª f«² e=a Le>q
eÇÃEf«³¶=e=arI=d³ª(Ïf]?ÍìÈfm¦Àº>Ãɪ½ØiÝ=½>³U?
*>Ãɪf«³¶=½>³U?
e=b¶Í>Jºe=b¶=ÁDzͶ@jºÁDªe=b¶=¤®=ÇE°·£JÈfºÙ=½=a>ºÆ
eǧMÁÙ(e>FJ¢×=ÀºÄ¶¸Øª>Í>Jº¦Æ?(Hf=e=aË?f«³¶=
e=aÊê´¶c¤ºÆ(f«³¶=e=aË?Hf=e=b¶Í>Jº>÷²ÍɺØiÝ=aØF¶=
e=a eǧN¶= ¤É KVFqÙ >ð{fm ´¶c Á>² Ç·ª *ÍE>Vr¶= ¥>DE ½ØiC
e=b¶=¸£Qð>{fm(»·j=Á>º?(Á>ºÙ=e>FJ¢=½b¢ÁDªð>vÈ?Æ *f«²
¼Ã¾>º?Æe>«³¶=cÇ«¿¶Í£u>=ÍɺØiÝ=aØF¶=e>FJ¢=CËaÖȽØiCe=a
Á>º?×e>«³¶=Á>º?»·j=Á?¤º(½ØiCe=a½ØiÝ>EK»³U=cC
Äɪf¿ÈÁ?bE×(f«²e=aÆ?½ØiCe=ae=b¶=e>FJ¢=Á?°=Æ *»·j=
Ë? »·j= Á>º@E Á>ºÙ= ʾ>N¶=Æ (½ØiÝ>E ¼³= >»ÂbU? 6ÀÈfº? C
Á?Æ(½ØiÝ>E¼³Á?Ë?(Á=fr¿£¶=Á=dÂe=b¶=fªÇIÁDª(¼Ã¾>ì·jE
ÀºK¶ÇÆ(½ØiCe=aK¾>²¼Ã¾>ì·jEË?(»·j=Á>º@E>þ>º?ÁdzÈ
(½ØiC e=a rI ت >»ÂbU? Lb¯ª =cC >º? (½ØiC e=a C f«² e=a
´¶d²Æ(f«²e=aÊê½ØiÝ=½>³U@E¼³=cC½ØiÝ=e=a´¶d²Æ
(¼Ã¾>ì·jEË?»·j=Á>º@E>þ>º?À³ÈÀ³¶Æ(½ØiÝ>EK»³U=cC
*f«² e=a >ðvÈ? ÁdzI >þDª ¼Ã¾>ì·jE Ë? (e>«³¶= Á>º@E >þ>º? Á>² Á@E
¼³ × >þ٠(f«² e=a Ê ½Çɶ= »·j= aØE ¤É ÁDª =d η¢Æ
.1,
½>³U@E¼³ð>»·jºe>«³¶=>Ãɪ½>®?Ƕf«²e=aίFI´¶d²Æ *½ØiÝ>E
e=a¸I>þDª(¼Ã¾>º@Eľ>º?ÁdzÈƼþ>ì·iKÁdzÈÀ³¶Æ(½ØiÝ=
¼³U>Ãɪ½>¯àÈÁ?G½ØiCe=aC»·j=aØE¹ÇVJIÎJUÆ *f«²
ÁDª=dÂη¢Æ *¼Ã¾>ì·jEË?»·j=Á>º@E>þ>º? ÁdzÈÁ?Æ(½ØiÝ=
e>FJ¢>EÆ(¼³=e>FJ¢>E½ØiÝ=Æ?f«³¶>E¬qÇI>þ?η¢¹bÈe=b¶=¤®=Æ
¼³U ½ØiÝ= e=a Lb¯ª =cDª (¼³= L>ÉvJ¯º Àº ÐhQ ľ٠Á>ºÙ=
ÍÈ? Á=b¯«E f«² e=a Le>q »·j= Á>º@E Á>ºÙ= Lb¯ª Æ? (½ØiÝ=
>þ>º?Æ(½ØiÝ>E>û³UǽØiCe=ae=b¶=Ð>¯Efnª *>»Ã¿ºÌbU=Æ
½ØiÝ>EK»³àU=cC×C½ØiCe=aXFrIتf«³¶=e=a>º?*»·j=Á>º@E
*f«²e=aKɯEÁ=fºÙ=Á=dÂfªÇJÈ=cDª(»·j=Á>º@E>þ>º?e>qÆ
¬qǶ ÍFj¿¶>E Á>ºgØJº Á=fº? »·j= Á>º@E Á>ºÙ=Æ ½ØiÝ>E ¼³>ª
*½ØiCe=a>þdzEe=b¶=
*e=b¶=¤®=ÇE°·£JI½ØiCe=aÆ?f«²e=ae=b¶=ÁDzÁ?¸q>=Æ
e=a ¹Ç¯¿ª *Æb£¶= ze? Hf= e=aÆ (Í·ÉF¯¶= η¢ °·ìI ͧ·¶= e=b¶=Æ
*bU=Æ Î¿£ >»ÂØ²Æ (½ØiC e=aÆ f«² e=a ¹Ç¯¾Æ *½ØiC e=aÆ HfU
×CĶC×l>¿¶=¹Ç¯ÈÎJU¹>J¯¶=Ë?Hf>EÁÆeǺ@º»·j=Á?´¶cÆ
¤ªe½ØiÝ=½>³UÙ=Ç£v]ÁDª(½ØiÝ=½>³UÙ=Ç£vÎJUÆ?(=
*ÁÇEe>½ØiÝ=¼³UK=Ç·]bÈÁCÆ(ð=e>«²=ǷǶƹ>J¯¶=¼Ã¿¢
¹>J¯¶= ¬®Æ GFiÆ (ÌÇ¢b·¶ =ÇFÉRJjÈ =ðe>«² ¼Ã¾Ç² ¼ÃEfU GFjª
GFibQàÆb¯ª(ð=e>«²=ǷƽØiÝ>E=Ç»³àU=cDª(½ØiÝ>E¼³=¼ÇF®
ǽØiÝ>E¼Ã»³UÁ?η¢¹bÈ>(Hf=Ð>þCGQÆƹ>J¯¶=¬®Æ
½ØiÝ>E¼³=Ádzɪ(½ØiCe=aCHfUe=aÀº¼ÂaØE¹ÇUËd¶=
.1-
Ëd¶=¬qǶ=Á?η¢¹bÈ>(>ë®ÆÆ?Hf=½=ÆaÄÉ·¢¬®ÇJÈËd¶=ÇÂ
ľDzο£ºÆ(½ØiÝ>E¼³=ÇÂf«²e=aÆ?½ØiCe=ae=b¶=ÁDz£È
Á>ì·jE Ë? (ÄE ÊQe>=Æ Ê·]=b¶= Á>ºÙ= ÁÇ³È Á? (ð>¾>ì·i Ë? >ð»³U
Á>ºÙ=Æ ½ØiÝ>E ¼³>ª ÄÉ·¢Æ *>ð»³U Ä«qÇE ÄIhɺ b¯ª ×CÆ (½ØiÝ=
e=a>þDzÀºe=b¶=¬qÆÁ>¿É£ÈÁ=d·¶=>»Â(ĺg=ǶÀº½g×ÇÂËd¶=
=cCͶÆb¶=kÉÑeË?Í«É·=Á?ð>vÈ?´¶cη¢¸É¶b¶=Æ*HfUe=aÆ?½ØiC
Á? »·j= η¢ >ðufª Á>² (f«³¶= ½>³U@E ¼³UÆ ½ØiÝ>E ¼³
½>³U? =DzfI =cC »·j= ÁDª ´¶d²Æ (½ØiÝ>E ¼³ ÎJU ÅÇEe>
(½ØiÝ=½>³UÙ=Ç£QfÈÎJU¼ÃEe>Á?½>ºÝ=η¢ð>ufªÁ>²½ØiÝ=
À³ÈÀHf=ÄÉ·¢GIȽØiÝ>E¼³=ÁDzXÈfqð>vÈ? =dÂÆ
e=b¶=Á?>ÃEf£àȶ=ͺأ¶=η¢¹bÈÇÂÆ*»·jº=Ǿ>²Ç¶ÆÄE¼³
Ce=b¶=ͪ>uCÁ? η¢(bU=Æο£Hf=e=aÆf«³¶=e=aÆ *HfUe=a
¬qÇI×e=b¶=Æ(f«³¶=Cͪ>vºf«³¶=e=bª(>ëqÆÇ£º>vº
½ØiÝ>E ¬qÇI × ½ØiÝ= e=a ´¶d²Æ *>û³U ¬qÆ Ádzɪ f«³¶>E
ð=e>«²>÷Â?¸²¹=hÈ×ÍUÇJ«ºð=aØEÁ?η¢ÌÆØ¢*>û³U¬qÇÈ>CÆ
*>ð£ì®½ØiCe=aÁdzI>þDª½ØiÝ>E¼³Æ
.1.
e>«³·¶¿ºÖ=Ì×=Ǻ
©DTÀj C°% XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ WDSÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ù ªk°b*Wc Y @6>£I=¹>®
Ô2ÀIØ=°%SÁ*V"DU +Y¯ÄÔ³[r¯Û|¦°%`ÙjQ VÙ\°Vl×#\ÈÙÝWcCW%XT WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù
Hǯ£È ?f®Æ > §«±¨ Änm¦¡\-Ù rQ¯XT ÈO_ÙÝW5 Ä1ÁÃqªLk\»ÄcXT <RVÉ"
É=lǺ>¯¶=¹>®*Ì>¯IÁÇ®>F¶=ÆbÂ>
ÆÀj=ÌÐ=f®ÇÂÆÍɯI¸ÃiÆ
Ð>¯IÆ ÍäÉå̄ßIÆ ÄɯI=Æ ÄJɯI= ÄJɯIÆ ÐÊn¶= KɯI=Æ ( «=Æ ÌÐس¶= ÍÉ®ÇJ¶=Æ
Ëǧ·¶= ο£= =dÂÆ >âÇuǺ £È ÍÈÛ= s¿¶= =dê ÄIedU Ð>j³²
>KFNÈľÙο£ºÀºÍÈÛ=ÅdÂÍ»·³¶=ÅdÂÄÉ¿£I>º£ÈÍɯIÍ»·³¶
¼Ã«IÅbUÆl>iÙ==dÂη¢Æ(Ëǧ·¶=ο£>E>Âj«I£Jɪʢfmο£º
ÁC >þDª OÈa>U? Àº >Æh¾ H>Fi? aeÆ >º >º?Æ *Ø ð Ér«IÆ Í· ÍÈÛ=
×Æ(>âÇuǺ§I×>ÿ³¶Æ(ÍÈÛ=aeÆ>ºLØÉr«ICbmfIKVq
Xu=Ƕ= ÍÈÛ= ¥ÇuÇºÆ *¥fn¶=Æ Í§·¶= L×Ƕbº GjU >÷ ʾ>£º
ªk°b*Wc Y @6ÇÂs¿¶>ª *¼ÃJ®a>rºË?ÀÈfª>³·¶¿ºÖ=Ì×=ǺÇÂ>÷
Æ? ÍÈA LaeÆ =cCÆ > WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù ©DTÀj C°% XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ WDSÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ù
(Ŧ¸»nI×Æ¥ÇuÇ==dÂÍq>]ÁdzI£º¥ÇuǺOÈa>U?
ð>Éþ >ÿ¢ ÎÿI ÍÈÛ= LÐ>Q b® ÀÈfª>³·¶ ¿ºÖ= Ì×=Ǻ ÍÉv® ÍÉv¯¶>ª
L>ÈAÄɪLaeÆb¯ª¥ÇuÇ==dÂÌbÉUǶ=ÍÈÛ=KjɶÅdÂÆ(ð>ºg>Q
WÛÏ° §ª¬±¨ -j°U [kWà ×1ÈNP DU
¯ WÛܪ°ÝX=À-Ù ¯n¦GR @ 6>£IĶǯ² ÌbÈb¢
SM{iU
Wc @ 6>£I Ä¶Ç®Æ > WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù ©DTÀj C°% XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ WDTÅk°b)Wc
Ä¶Ç®Æ > WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù ©DTÀj C°% XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ TÅk°b*V" Y SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ°
j[O ÕCW% |ETwjXSÄc ®m\)[ °4×SXkÙXT ¯ |ESÄ=°%ØUÄc ;%×SV Ài¦IU% Y @6>£I
.1/
6Ä¶Ç®Æ > XÄXk°ØTU sXm_¡=XT \jSÆMXnÙ TÅk°b*V" Y @6Ä¶Ç®Æ > Ä VSÀyXqXT
*L>ÈÛ= Àº ´¶c ¦ C > XÄXk°ØTU ×1ÅTÀiWÃXT s®KTÀiWà TÅk°b*V" Y @
*¥ÇuÇ»·¶¸Ér«IÍÈÛ=Ê®>EÆ(ÀÈfª>³·¶¿ºÖ=Ì×=Ǻ¥ÇuǺ¥ÇuÇ>ª
=d Áf®Æ (¼ Ð>ɶÆ? ÀÈfª>³¶= c>= À¢ ¿ºÖ= Îþ >£I = Á? ´¶c
ÐËfE=ÁDªÐ>ɶÆ?ÀÈfª>³¶=d^Jɪ´¶c¸£«ÈÀºÁ@E¤{>¯¶=½h>EÊÿ¶=
ÀºÀºÖ=edÁ?ÊÂÆÌbU=ÆͶ>U½g>=Êÿ¶==dÂÀºÎ¿NJi=¼M(Ä¿º
¼·j=Á>²=cC=dÂÆ(ÏcÙ==dð>£ªafª>³¶=Ì×=ǺĶgÇľDªÏc?fª>³¶=
(ÄI×=ǺhÉfª>³¶=Àºed=Á?Ë?(Åfº?η¢>ðEÇ·§ºfª>³¶=Á>ì·iK
e>ÃC Kjɶ ÍÉv¯¶= ÁDª ´¶c η¢Æ *Ì×=Ç= KºfU ed= GÂc =cDª
U fª>³·¶ ÀºÖ= edU Ͷ>U Ð>¿NJi= ÍÉv¯¶= ¸E (>¦ Á>ìECÆ Ì×=Ç=
ÇÂÍÈÛ=ο£ºÆ *ĶÄI×=Ǻ¼Èf½Ç»¢ÀºÅfº?η¢ð>EÇ·§º¼·j=ÁdzÈ
¼ÃE=Ç¿É£JjÈÁ?Æ(¼Ð>ɶÆ?ÀÈfª>³¶==Æd^JÈÁ?À¢¿ºÖ»·¶½g>QÊþ
η¢ ½äfVª *ÍF ¼Ã¿ÉEÆ ¼Ã¿ÉE ÁdzIÆ ¼ÂÇ®a>rÈ Á?Æ (¼ÃɶC =ÇÒRJ·ÈÆ
ÌbU=ÆͶ>U´¶cÀºÎ¿NJi=¼M¿ºÖ=ÁÆaÀºÀÈfª>³¶=Ì×=Ǻ¿ºÖ=
ľDª ¼Ã¾>ì·i K ÁÇ¾Ç³È >ºb¿¢ ¼Ã¿º Ç] aÇQÆ Í¶>U ľ? ÊÂÆ
=Æd^JàÈÁ?gÇË? *¼Â=c?ƼÂfm¤ªb¶¼ÃJ®a>rºÆ¼ÍF=e>ÃCgÇ
K ÁÇ¾Ç³È >ºb¿¢ ¼Ã¿º Ç] aÇQÆ Í¶>U Ð>®bq? Ë? (Ð>ɶÆ?
¤º ¯ª e>«³·¶ ÍFj¿¶>E =dÂÆ *>ð¯·ìº gÇ × ´¶c =b¢ >ºÆ (¼Ã»³U
LØq ¼ K¾>² ÀÈd¶= ¿ºÖ= Á@m K¶h¾ ÍÈÛ= ÁDª (¿ºÖ=
(ͳº²fn=Ì×=ǺÀ¢Í¿Èb=ÀÈd¶=ÎÿIÊêͳº²fn>E
¼Ã¾DªÍ³º=Ǿ>²ÀÈd¶=¿ºÖ=´¶cÀºNJjIÆ(¿ºÖ=¤ÉÎÿIÆ
Ïc? Àº ¼ÃÈb¶ Ç] Ͷ>U aÇQǶ ¼ÃJ¿NJi>ª ¼Âfº? η¢ EÇ·§º =Ǿ>²
.10
Ê¢fn¶=¼³=ÇÂ=dÂÆ>Â>¿£ºÇÂ=dÂÆÍÈÛ=¥ÇuǺÇÂ=d *ÀÈfª>³¶=
Ì×=Ç=¥=Ǿ?¤É»|e>«³·¶¿ºÖ=Ì×=Ǻ¼ÈfÇÂÆ(>ÿºF¿JjàÈËd¶=
LÐ>Q ÍÈÛ= Ð>ɶÆ? Í»·² ÁÙ (´¶c ¦Æ ;>£Ji=Æ Í®=bqÆ Ìfr¾ Àº
Ç] Ë? ¼ÂedU Ͷ>U ¼ÃI×=Ǻ g=ÇQÆ (>Ãɾ>£º ¤É ¸»nJª ͺ>¢
ÁÇ»·j=ÁdzÈÆ(»·j=η¢F¶>¦e>«³¶=ÁdzÈ>ºb¿¢¼Â=c?ƼÃnìE
bQÇÈ×Æ(²fn=¤ºÍ³º»·j=Ͷ>V²ð>º>(¼Âfº?η¢EÇ·§º
>º >º?Æ *¼³= =d ÏÇi ¼³U Ë? >ÿº F¿JjÈ ×Æ (f]A ο£º ÍÈܶ
Ë?½>º?ÀìFÈ>ºØ]¼·j=fÃÈÁ?ÊÂÍɯJ¶=Á?Àº¼Ãv£EĶǯÈ
Á>²?Ð=Çi(Äj«¾>ºÆÄJ¯É¯Uͪf£ºÄ¿ºÎnÆ?(Ïc?Ä¿ºedÁ>j¾C
η¢¹bI×ÍÈÛ=Æx@ì]¹Ç¯¶==dê(ð>»·jº ½?ð=fª>²Á>j¾Ý=´¶c
=ÆedÁ?×CË? > <RVÉ" Ô2ÀIØ=°% SÁ*V" DU +Y¯ @6ο£ºÁÙ(Ä¿ºÐÊm
ÍɯJ¶=Æ Ì>¯J¶=Æ ÄIedU ÍɯI ÐÊn¶= KɯI= ο£º cC (Ä¿º edVàÈ >ðÒÉm ¼Ã¿º
ÁÆaÀºÀÈfª>³·¶¿ºÖ=Ì×=ǺÀ¢Êÿ¶=ÀºÎ¿NJjº=dÂÆ *bU=Æο£
*Ä¿ºNJi=>t>]Ç꿺Ö=
>ÇÂÆÅ=c?Àºð>ªÇ]¼·j=¼²>V·¶ÍF=e>ÃCÁDª´¶cη¢Æ
´¶ ¬¶>^= ¼·j»·¶ ÍF= e>ÃC ´¶d²Æ (½=fU f«³¶>E ¼³ °i>ª
½b¢ Æ? ½ØiÝ>E bɯJ¶= ½b£E fÂ>J¶=Æ (½=fU Ķ Ð>v§F¶= Á>ìECÆ Ë?f¶=
>ºÆ ´¶c ¸² ÁDª (gÇ × >¶= °i>«¶= ½>º? Æ? fª>³¶= ½>º? ÄE ÍÈ>¿£¶=
DU +Y¯ @ 6¥ÇuǺ ÁC cC *»·j= η¢ ¥fn¶= ĺfU b® ±>«¾ Ä·²>m
ͳº=Ǿ>²ÀÈd¶=»·j=Ͷ>UÍ£®=ÆeÇr > <RVÉ" Ô2ÀIØ=°% SÁ*V"
(e>«³¶= Á>ì·i K »·j= aÇQÆ Í¶>U eÇr Ë? (²fn= E
Ì×=Ǻ¼gÇľDª(¼Âfº?η¢EÇ·§ºË?(¼Ã¾>ì·iͶ=gDE¼¸F®×Æ
.11
½?¼=Ǻ?½?¼ÃiÇ«¾Î·¢Á>²?Ð=Çi(¼ÃÉ·¢Ä¿ºed>ð=edUe>«³¶=
ÀºÐ>ɶÆ?ÀÈfª>³¶=c>=gǯªÍ¶>=ÅdÂÊ«ª(¼Ã>rº ½?¼Ãu=f¢?
Á?Äɪ»·j»·¶gÇͶ>=ÅdÂKðØ]=aÁ>²>º ¸³ª *¿ºÖ=ÁÆa
¶=Ͷ>=Á>ÉEÊ ÍÉv¯¶>ª *gÇ ØªÅ=b¢>ºÆ(Ð>ɶÆ?ÀÈfª>³¶==Æd^JÈ
EÇ·§º ÁÇ»·j= Á>² =cC ÊÂÆ (ÀÈfª>³¶= =Ƕ=ÇÈ Á? ¿ºÖ»·¶ >Ãɪ gÇ
ð>ÒÉmKjɶÆ(¼Ã»³UÆ?¼Ã¾>ì·iK=Ǿ>²Á@Ee>«³¶=½>º?¼Âfº?η¢
*>ð¯·ìºf]A
6ĶǮ¸ÈÆ@I¹Ç[¯¶= Åj«IËì¶=fÈf[QÀEb[»[¹>[®
Ô2ÀIØ=°%SÁ*V"DU +Y¯@6ĶǮC>XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙWDSÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ùªk°b*WcY@
Á? À¢ ¿ºÖ»·¶ ¸QÆ h¢ = Àº Êþ =dÂÆ 6f«£Q ÇE? ¹>® > <RVÉ"
¤uǺľÙd^JÈfj²´¶d¶Æ(ð=eÇÃÆð=e>r¾?Æð>¾=Ç¢?e>«³¶==Æd^JÈ
´¶cο£ºÆ*À²>iÄɯ¶Ëd¶=À²>j·¶Ä£º¹=d¶=fj²Ä¿³¶Æ(Êÿ¶>E½hQ
(¼Ã¿Èa η¢ ¼Ã¾Ç¶=ÇI =ðe>r¾?Æ =ðfà e>«³¶= ¿ºÖ= >ÃÈ? =Æd^JI ×
ľDª(¼ÃI=eǢη¢¼Ã¾Ç¶bIÆ¿ºÖ=ÁÆaÀº»·j=η¢¼Ã¾ÆfÂ>IÆ
=Æ(=ÀºÔfEb¯ª´¶dE£È(ÐÊm=ÀºkÉ·ª´¶c¸£«ÈÀº
> <RVÉ"Ô2ÀIØ=°%SÁ*V"DU +Y¯@6f«³¶=ĶÇ]aÆÄ¿ÈaÀ¢Åa=bIe>EÄ¿ºÔfE
ÍÈ×Ƕ= ¼ =ÆfÃJª ¼³j«¾? η¢ ¼ÂǪ>^Jª ¼Ã¾>ì·i =ǾdzI Á? ×ò C
(f«³¶=ÀºÄÉ·¢¼Â>ºÎ·¢¼ÂÇ£È>nI×Æ(ÌÆ=b£¶=¼=Æf»vIƼ³J¿j¶@E
6>»²¸£«E¼·jºÎ·¢¼ÂÇ¿É£I×Æ
ÀEÍÈÆ>£ºMbU6¹>®>qÀE=bF¢>¿MbU6¹>® οN=MbU
XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙWDSÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ùªk°b*WcY@6ĶǮl>F¢ÀE=À¢Ê·¢À¢>q
¬ì·¶=¼ÁÆfÃɪÀÈfÂ>e>«³¶=ÁdzÈÁ?ò×C > WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù ©DTÀj C°%
.12
Á?C > <RVÉ" Ô2ÀIØ=°% SÁ*V" DU +Y¯ @6ĶǮ´¶cÆÀÈb¶=¼Ã¾Ç«¶>Æ
À¢f»£º>¾]?¹>®±=gf¶=bF¢>¾]?¹>®ÎÉÀEÀj=>¿MbU6¹Ç¯È
¸ × ¹>® *> XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ WDSÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ù ªk°b*Wc Y @ 6ĶǮ Ìa>J®
6> <RVÉ"Ô2ÀIØ=°%SÁ*V"DU +Y¯@6ĶǮÆ(Ä¿Èað>ɶÆð=fª>²d^JÈÁ?ÀºÖ
Ķ>®Ëd¶==dÂÆ6f«£QÇE? ¹>®(´¶d¶Ä·rJªÍE=f®Ä¿ÉEÆ´¿ÉEÁdzIÁ?
Á?ò×C(ÍÈÛ=fÂ>ÄÉ·¢¹bÈËd¶=ÄQǶ>EkɶÆÅbUÆĶ¸ÈÆ@IÌa>J®
¼Ã¿º=Ǫ>Á?ò×C½Ø³¶==dÂʾ>£ºÀºG·¦Ù>ªÌ>¯IÀÈfª>³¶=Àº=ǯJI
Àº×e>«³¶=ÀºÍɯIÊÂ>CÍÈÛ=ÅdÂ=>Âf²c¶=ÍɯJ¶>ª(ͪ>
Ì>¯I¼Ã¿ÉEƼ³¿ÉE¶=ÍE=f¯¶=¸Q?Àº==ǯJIÁ?ò×CÌa>J®ÄÃçQÆß Æ(¼Â¦
ÁAf¯¶=¸ÈÆ@J¶=Æ *½Ø³¶=ο£ºÎ·¢G¶>§¶=´¶dEkɶÆ(>ÃeÁÇ·rJª
½Ø²ÎÃJ¾=¼Ãɪ¸»£Jj=Hf£¶=½Ø²Æf£ºÀºfÂ>¶=G·¦Ù= η¢
*蓦=
Á>ÉF¶=¤»
H>J²Êiì¶=Àj=ÀE¸v«¶=Ê·¢ÇE?¹>®Æ
©DTÀj C°% XÄXj°ØTU ]Cc®m°ÝVÙ WDSÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ù ªk°b*Wc Y @6>£IĶǮÁAf¯¶=j«I
Ô2ÀIØ=°%SÁ*V"DU +Y¯ÄÔ³[r¯Û|¦°%`ÙjQ VÙ\°Vl×#\ÈÙÝWcCW%XT WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù
¸ÃiÆHǯ£È?f®>§«±¨Änm¦¡\-ÙrQ¯XT ÈO_ÙÝW5Ä1ÁÃqªLk\»ÄcXT <RVÉ"
´¶>º ľ? ľ>VFi E > **Ì>¯I ÁÇ®>F¶=Æ bÂ>
Æ Àj= ÌÐ=f® ÇÂÆ ÍɯI
×ÀºÌ×=ǺÀ¢¿ºÖ=Îþ¹×cÝ=Æg=h¢Ý=η¢ea>¯¶=ÆÌf]Û=Æ>ɾb¶=
ÄÑ>ɶÆ? b¿¢Æ Åb¿¢ >»Éª ÍF¦f¶= Ádzɶ ÄÑ=b¢? Àº ¹×cC ×Æ ¼Âb¿¢ g=h¢C
]Cc®m°ÝVÙ WDSÄ=°%ØUÀ-Ù ªk°b*Wc Y @ 6¹>¯ª ÀÈfª>³¶= ÄÑ=b¢? ÁÆa ¿ºÖ=
Á?Æ(¼ÃiÇ«¿¶Ð>ɶÆ?ÀÈfª>³¶==Æd^JÈÁ?¿ºÖ»·¶Ê§F¿È×Ë? > XÄXj°ØTU
¤u=ǺÌb¢¹>®>»²¼ÍF==ÆfÃÈƼÃɶC=ÇÒRJ·ÈÆ(¼ÃE=Ç¿É£JjÈ
.13
ͽzFψ$# ÏΘöθu‹ø9$#uρ «!$$Î/ šχθãΖÏΒ÷σム$YΒöθs% ߉ÅgrB ω :
yŠθåκuø9$# (#ρä‹Ï‚−Gs? Ÿω :
…ã&s!θß™u‘uρ ©!$# ¨Š!$xm ô⎯tΒ šχρ–Š!#uθãƒ
u™!$u‹Ï9÷ρr& öΝä.¨ρ߉tãuρ “Íiρ߉tã (#ρä‹Ï‚−Gs? Ÿω ¢ u™!$u‹Ï9÷ρr& #“u≈|Á¨Ζ9$#uρ
( t⎦⎫ÏΖÏΒ÷σßϑø9$# Èβρߊ ⎯ÏΒ :
,- 12
.!"
#$% &'()
*+
% ,-
./
!"
< =.
/
>
8 92
;
:56% 7
% .*+
+34 %
@7 !
CDE :!'?
#$% =
@
)7 $A #B*
'W X T "
&'AY2A !7$V "
!6U *+
)Z$7 &[J *'\T ] ^_ DA &' `
Za X
&'( A
./ N
.^_ D ( bU Z+) % cAJ
&' 2 &[
*
D
7dG I
L+
#$% ef
D% D
N gh? 2 (
#$% J
jk$
lB '2A m6?
n*
*
B
D% '$i *;
N gh?
$V
&$
"
1( N IA;
]o L2
p4@(Q
c)2E o D -T D2+
I .D
N JZ+(Q
) W
#$%
l?
bU c)2E ]o
cqA
c)2E ]o
cqA
'$%A i T
1BA 'i D
'i 1BA m
N
+? 7 t2`
I
.'2$% r$
s(7 2$% c4B+( % c
+
c
*
.
0123 4 52# 6, .! "#$ %&'( )
*
&+, -.,
4>$ ?@ ABC D' :
, 8;< 53 =, 7+ 879
N IJK D' G :
, L ?@M' : IJK : G :
, E0F
?@M' : N IJK : G :
, E0F 4 ?@ :D' +O$ P
C QRS T1U VW QX EYZY [ I< L\ :D' G :
, L
^0'
MD_ VW 3 :D' :
, VW ]' TD 8^'
J Z' :
&+, QD' +O 3 T E`1?' T^$ 7+ T1D T<
aZX ?MK
1^' "#$ %&'(
&+,
1DM 4
9 7 J' T1
b -b 5,
X7_ 52_ aZX 53 =M 7 .b
53 P, 0X
O cJ3 %d 0? =Me =73 53 A
6W 53 =3f_
+
B gRM 5'9 =3f_ hi
3 5
4 ki\ hD I?3
DM 4 ki\» -b
jK ? 7 53 5'9
.«I9M2>$
i
I[ ?jM' I92K I
'lM' I *
K
9
3 Zπ9s)è? óΟßγ÷ΖÏΒ (#θà)−Gs? βr& HωÎ) :D' cRM N» b
jK
53f_ I?'l1' =$
m3 4
3f_ =n ,9 4
9 4 ki\ cJ_
,?\ T )
U VW J' I?J3 h@J 52p o I?MD'
3 ?j o 4\
4DM3 42_' «T2K 5 EJ'P I?3
1D Iq,3 TK2$ IqP
3
TK 5'9 =3f_ hi
3 5 ? 53 gRM r
s
_ 4
r
s
_ 5 tu S VW vD b 4 ki\ .VW * ,
&F
5 * hwx
1DM 4 EZ1P
O QJy'
=3f_ hi
3 5 ? ?
s
3 4C
O * P
3 zn 7
Ìg>QDE¿ºÖ=η¢¼ÃJF·¦b¿¢e>«³¶=ÀºÇ=Ͷ>UÐ>¿NJi=ÆÀÈfª>³·¶
Ç>EÍq>]ÊÂ×Æ(ÀÈb¶=ÍɯIÊÂKjɶÆ(Ͷ>=Åd¼ÃI×=Ǻ
Á? ×ò C > <RVÉ" Ô2ÀIØ=°% SÁ*V" DU +Y¯ @ 6½>¢ Ð>¿NJi×= ÁÙ (k«¿¶= η¢
¼Ã¿º=Ǫ>Á?ò×C%6>n³¶=Ëfnh¶=¹>®(Ä¿ºed>º¼Ã¿º=Æed
Ä¿ºed>º¸²Ë?(ÄɪÌ×=Ç=gÇÅÕ>¯I=Gfº?¸³ª$ÅÕ>¯I=Gð=fº?
Á>²´¶d¶Æ *>r=Æzf£¶=ƹ>=Æk«¿¶=η¢Ç=¸»nȽ>¢ÇÂÆ
Íq>]>÷£QÆ(¥ÇuÇ=À¢ð>QÆf] ÀÈb¶=ÍɯJ¶=η¢ðØɶaÍÈÛ=¸£Q
ð>¢ÇuǺľDzÀ¢ðØvª(srØEsÉrk«¿¶=η¢Ç=Ͷ>U
ÅdÃE °·£JÈ ×Æ Ïf]? ÍÈBE °·£JÈ ÇÂÆ (¯ª Á>Ý=Æ f«³¶>E °·£JÈ f]A
ÌeÆfv¶=b¿¢>÷²eǺÙ=ÌhÑ>Q>¿E>Vq?¹>®ÆÊiì¶=¹Ç®>º?Æ*ÍÈÛ=
ľDªÅf²c>ºf]ACG×b®ÆGb®>þDzÀºbÉ«=À¢Ä·¯¾>º¼M
j«I GjU ÎJU >ð¯·ìº ÄÉ·¢ ¹bI × ÍÈÛ>ª *¸É¶a Ë? Àº af
½Ø²
×ÆÍ¿j¶=Àº×ÆH>J³¶=Àº×>¦¸É¶bEĶL@ÈÆ(Äj«¾Êiì¶=
ľC¹>¯È×Æ *e>FJ¢×=ÍQeaÀ¢¯jÈÆafÈ´¶d¶Æ(ÍE>Vr¶=¥>CÀº
>¶=¼²>=Ì=e=bºÁDªÌhÑ>QÄ¿ºed=Ͷ>Ufª>³¶=Ì×=ǺK¾>²=cC
H>EÀºÇÂËd¶=ÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È×(Æ?H>EÀºÌǯ¶=Ëc°i>«¶=Æ?
¸ÉF®ÀºkɶÇêͷrEĶK×ÆÄ¿ºkɶ=dÂÆH>ì=ÏÇVªÇÂÆ?
ÀºÇÂ×Æ > \ÙkV¯ à°P°Lj[UÄc Y qV<c°i¯ ÈOØ=W%Ú
V" D¯ ÕC% 2ÀIØ<°%XT @6>£IĶǮ
>\ÙkV¯à°P°Lj[UÄcqV¼=ª¯ÈOØ=W%Ú
V"D¯ÕCW%ª W*¦Ù©#ØFU ÕC°%XT@6>£IĶǮ¸ÉF®
>ÿ¢Êÿ=Ì×=Ç=ÁÙÆ(ĢǾÀº×Æfª>³¶=H>EÀºkɶ°i>«¶=ÁÙ
Æc°i>«¶=Æ>¶=¼²>=Æ(¿ºÖ=ÁÆaÀºe>«³¶=Ì×=ǺÊÂÍÈÛ=ÅdÂ
ÄEkF·JÈËd¶=°j«¶=ÆÄ¿º¤¯ÈËd¶=¼·¶=Ê«¿È×Æ¿ºÖ=ÀºÇÂÌǯ¶=
.2,
ÀºÆ*Æ?H>EÀºO}¥ÇuÇ==d¸]bÈ×=dÆ*Ä¿¢Á>Ý=Í«q
*ÄEbÃnJjÈÎJUÄÉ·¢Æ?H>EafÈ×>¿Â
Ͷ>U ÄI×=Ǻ gÇ Ìǯ¶= =c °i>«¶=Æ >¶= ¼²>= Á? η¢
ÁÙ(ð>£ì®ÌhÑ>Q¿ºÖ=Ì×=ǺÆÀºÖºÄ¾ÙÐ=ÇiÇ=Ͷ>UÆÁ>ºÙ=
(¿ºÖ=¤É¸»nȽ>¢ > WÛÜ°=°%ØUÀ-Ù ©DTÀj C°% @6ĶǮ¿ºÖº «¶
Ì×=ǺÀ¢Æ?(°i>«¶=Æ?>¶=¼²>=Ì×=ǺÀ¢Êÿ¶=s¾afÈÆ
´¶c±ÇªÆ(e>«³¶=Ì×=ǺÀ¢Êÿ¶>EÍq>]tÇr¿¶=¸E(e>R«¶=Ʊ>j«¶=
(ÄJÈ=e K a>Ã= GÆ (ÍÉr£º ¦ ÄJ¢>{ G >¶= ¼²>= ÁDª
=dÂÆ(L×>=¤ÉÄ«·]ÌØr¶=gÇð>¯i>ªÁ>²=cCÌØr¶=½>ºÝ=Æ
¼·E >uf¶= Ç >C Ä¿¢ Êÿ=Æ *¼ÃI×=Ǻ g=ÇQ η¢ ¹bÈ >º ¼¢? Àº
ÀºÖ=fÃÈÁ?ÇÂÆÍɯJ¶=ľǻjÈ>ºÊ«J¿ÈÄÉ·¢Æ *°i>«¶=°jªÆ¼²>=
Ë?f¶>E¬¶>^=Æ?(Ìǯ¶=Ëc°i>«¶=Æ?>¶=¼²>=½>º?ÀìFÈ>ºØ]
*½=fUÄ·²±>«¿¶=Ʊ>«¾Ä¾ÙÄ·£ª½fÆ(´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ?
× zfª Ä»·Î·¢ >¶=¼²>=ÍFi> ÁDª´¶cη¢ÌÆØ¢Æ
¸×ÆÏcÙ=ÀºÆ?(>r=η¢Æ?¹>=η¢¼²>=Àºð>ªÇ]IJfI¸
¼³Á>²Á?b£E\=ÇEf«²Ä¿ºËÕe=cCÄÉ·¢Hf=ÁØ¢CÆ *ÄɪÍɯJ¶=
f³¿=À¢Êÿ¶=ÆÆf£>EfºÙ=Æ(ÄE½>ɯ¶=À¢aÇ£¯¶=½fzfª½ØiÝ>E
=dÂÆ *»·j=η¢=ÄFQÆ?b®¼·¶=Æ°j«¶=¸Â?ÀºÅ§¶Æ¼²>V·¶
Ldzj¶=ð>£{>®ð>f ½f ľ٠(ͺ>IÍv®>¿º Äv®>¿ÈÆÍɯJ¶>E¹Ç¯¶=>¿È
´¶cη¢Ldzj¶=GQÇIÍɯJ¶=Æ(°i>«¶=η¢Æ>¶=¼²>=η¢
=dÂÆ (f]Û= >Ãv£E =ðhÑ>QÆ (>Ãv£E >ðEÆb¿º Ä·£Æ (Á>ÉUÙ= x£E
OÈa>UÙ= x®>¿ÈÆ (f³¿= À¢ Êÿ¶=Æ Æf£>E fºÙ= L>ÈA x®>¿È
.2-
Æ?Í»·=Ǿ>²=cC½>³=ÆÐ=fºÙ=ÆÍ»ÑÙ=η¢e>³¾Ý=Ìae=Ƕ=ÍVÉVr¶=
¬¶>Æ (¼>»¢? η¢ ¼ÃJFi> HÇQÆ Ìae=Ƕ= OÈa>UÙ=Æ (ͯjª
ÍɯJ¶=ÁDª´¶d¶*¼Ñ×ͺǶ=Åd]@IÁ?¦Àº°>E¥br¶=HÇQÆ
´«¶>ÀÆ?e>R«¶=Àº·jJ=Ëǯ·¶Æ?°i>«¶=Æ?>¶=¼²>V·¶
η¢OÆ>Ãv®>¿IÍVÉVr¶=OÈa>UÙ=ÆL>ÈÛ=tÇr¾LÐ>Qb®Ë?f¶=
¼·j¸Øªð>®>«¾>þDz±Çª(½=fU>þ?b²ÖÈ>>Ãj³£E¸»£¶=HÇQÆ
*>÷£«ÈÁ?
> ¨C\-c0_¯ %Û©Õ\-Õ¼Ä% ÈOÈÚ VXT RP®mÓÊ ÕCW% Y¯ @ 6ÍÈA Ͷ@jº KɯE
>÷£Æ> <RVÉ"Ô2ÀIØ=°%SÁ*V"DU +Y¯@6ÍÈA¤º>ÃìEfÈÀÈfj«=x£EÁDª
H>EÁ>Ý=Á>ìECÆ(f«³¶=e>ÃC¹>]aCη¢>ÃE¹bJjÈÆ(>ÃE>EÀº
Á? η¢ ¼Ãv£E >ÃE ¹bJjÈÆ (ÍɯJ¶= ľǻjÈ >»Éª Í·]=a >÷£|Æ (Ì×=Ç=
@ì]=dÂÆ *ت>Â=b¢>ºÆ(¯ª¸J¯¶=ÀºÇ=¹>UÌhÑ>QÌ×=Ç=
Ïf]?Ͷ>U > ¨C\-c0_¯ %Û©Õ\-Õ¼Ä% ÈOÈÚ VXT RP®mÓÊ ÕCW% Y¯ @6ÍÈAÁÙ(x
Ç]aÇQÆͶ>U½ØiÝ=À¢a=bIe×=>âÇuǺÁÙ(f]A¥ÇuǺÆ
>âÇuǺ > <RVÉ" Ô2ÀIØ=°% SÁ*V" DU +Y¯ @6ÍÈAÆ *>ð¿×ð>¿É¯È°¯=¸J¯¶=
Ͷ>UÌ×=Ç=ÅdÂg=ÇQÐ>¿NJi=Æ>â=Ǿ?¤É»|e>«³¶=Ì×=ǺÀ¢Êÿ¶=
½?ÍV·r= ½?¹>= ½?k«¿¶=η¢Ç=Á>²?Ð=Çi(Ä¿ºed>ºaÇQÆ
>»Â=bUC ¸]bI ت ¢ÇuÇ= EÆ J¶>= E ±fªÆ *Ïc? Ë?
Á>² =cC ¼·j= ÁDª *¥ÇuÇ=Æ Í¶>= ØJ]× >ÃE EfI ×Æ (Ïf]Ù=
À¢ bIfÈ Á? Ķ gÇ × ¼Âb¿¢ Åfº? η¢ >ðEÇ·§ºÆ e>«³¶= Á>ì·i K
½>ɯ¶= ¤ìJjÈ =cC fQ>ÃÈ Á? ÄÉ·¢ G ¸E (¼ Ì=e=bº =ðfÂ> ½ØiÝ=
Äj«¾Î·¢¼·jº>]=cCÀ³¶(gÇ>þDª¼ÃI×=ǺØ~(Ä¿Èa½>³U@E
.2.
ÀìFÈÆ f«³¶= fÃÈ Á? Ķ gÇ Ä¾Dª f«³¶= η¢ Åf²=Æ (°¯= ¸J¯¶= Àº
C°% ¯ Xm[Ý CW% @ 6ÇÂÍÈÛ=s¾ÁÙ(gÇت´¶c=b¢>ºÆ(Á>Ý=
¥ÇuÇ>ª > ¨C\-c0_¯ %Û©Õ\-Õ¼Ä% ÈOÈÚ VXT RP®mÓÊ ÕCW% Y¯ à°O°=\-c¯ °iØÈW
Ê Ͷ>=Æ (½ØiÝ= À¢ a=bIe= ¥ÇuǺ Ë? (Á>Ý= b£E f«² ¥ÇuǺ
ÅbUÆÇÂÆ(ÓR·=Å=f²Ý=Ð>﫶=ÄÉ·¢°·ìÈ>ºÇÂÆ(LÇ=Ç]Ͷ>U
*Åf³= À¢ ¼³= >Ãɪ ¤«IfÈ ¶= L×>= ¤É >ð¢fm J£= Å=f²Ý=
¸J¯¶= Ç] Ͷ>U ÇÂÆ (ÓR·= Å=f²Ý= Ç >ð¢fm οNJjÈ Ëd¶= Å=f²Ý>ª
ËÆàeb¯ª*¸J¯¶=Ç]=ÆbIe=»·jºK¶h¾ÍÈÛ=Á?´¶cbÈÖÈÆ*>ð¿É¯È
b£iÀEb»MbU 6Ëì¶=¹>®*fi>ÈÀEe>»¢K¶h¾ÍÈÛ=ÅdÂÁ?
l>F¢ÀE=À¢ÄÉE?À¢ÊE?MbU6¹>®Ê»¢MbU6¹>®ÊE?MbU6¹>®
%Û©Õ\-Õ¼Ä% ÈOÈÚ VXT RP®mÓÊ ÕCW% Y¯ à°O°=\-c¯ °iØÈW C°% ¯ Xm[Ý CW% @6ĶǮ
fi>È ÀE e>»¢ =ÇE>q? ²fn= Á? ´¶cÆ (ÍÈÛ= f]A C > ¨C\-c0_¯
oÈf®ÀºÊ¯¶Ëd¶>EÄMbVª U=¹ÇieC¤QfªÅDzfI¼MÅÇEd£ª
ĶǮCľ>Cb£EÀº>Ef«²ÀºÅed¢Åf²c>£I=¹h¾@ª(¹>®Ëd¶=Æ
6Ìa>J®À¢bÉ£i>¿MbU¹>®bÈhÈ>¿MbU7¹>®fnE>¿MbU*¼É¢H=d¢¼
%Û©Õ\-Õ¼Ä% ÈOÈÚ VXT RP®mÓÊ ÕCW% Y¯ à°O°=\-c¯ °iØÈW C°% ¯ Xm[Ý CW% @
̧= Ç¿E Åd]? fi>È ÀE e>»¢ K¶h¾ >þ? >¿¶ f²c 6¹>® > ¨C\-c0_¯
(Åe>² ÄF·®Æ´¶c η¢¼Ã£E>Jª(b»Vf«²?6=Ƕ>®ÆÁǻɺ fÒE ÅÇ짪
¹>®Æ *> ¨C\-c0_¯ %Û©Õ\-Õ¼Ä% ÈOÈÚ VXT RP®mÓÊ ÕCW% Y¯ @6Åf²c>£I=¹h¾@ª
bF¢À¢f»£ºÀ¢eÇMÀEb»>¿MbU6¹>®Î·¢Ù=bF¢ÀE=>¿MbU6Ëì¶=
d]? 6¹>® fi>È ÀE e>»¢ ÀE b» ÀE bÉF¢ ÊE? À¢ Ëeh= ¼Èf³¶=
f²dª (=Æa=e? >º x£E ¼Â=e>E ÎJU ÅÇEd£ª fi>È ÀE e>»¢ ÁDzfn=
.2/
(Á>Ý>Eð>¿Ò»ìº6¹>®; ´F·®b¬É² 6 U¿¶=¹>¯ªU¿¶=C´¶c
¹Æh¾GFiÁ?η¢¹bIOÈa>UÙ=Ådê *b£ª=Æa>¢ÁDª 6 U ¿¶=¹>®
>ÃE Íq>= Ͷ>=Æ *½ØiÝ= À¢ a=bIe×= >âÇuÇºÆ e>»¢ ÍMa>U ÍÈÛ=
+Y¯@6ÍÈBE>ͮآ׾?b²ÖÈÁÙ>²ÅbUÆ=dÂÆ(ð>¿É¯È¸J¯¶=Ç]
%Û©Õ\-Õ¼Ä% ÈOÈÚ VXT RP®mÓÊ ÕCW% Y¯ @6ÍÈAÁ?η¢ *> <RVÉ" Ô2ÀIØ=°% SÁ*V" DU
Ô2ÀIØ=°% SÁ*V" DU +Y¯ @6ÍÈAÆ(Á>Ý=¥ÇuǺK¶h¾Íɳº > ¨C\-c0_¯
¼ÈfÀºÄ¿ºed>ed=Ͷ>UÐ>¿NJi=¥ÇuǺK¶h¾Íɾbº> <RVÉ"
*´·I¦ÅdÂK¾>²´¶d¶Æ(ÀÈfª>³·¶¿ºÖ=Ì×=Ǻ
f«³¶= fÃÈ Á? ¸vªÙ= ¸Â (°¯= ¸J¯¶>E abÃÈ Àº ¼³U ʯE
ǶÆľ>C η¢KFNÈÁ? ¸vªÙ= Æ? (LÇ=Àº ¼·jÈÎJUÁ>Ý=ÀìFÈÆ
CÏa?ǶÆÁ>Ý=η¢L>FN¶=Á?Ç´¶cη¢H=Ç=Æ ; Ä·J®CÏa?
η¢ L>FN¶=Æ (TfU ¤ªeÆ Ír]e f«³¶= e>ÃC g=ÇQ ÁÙ ¸vª? ¸J¯¶=
·Qed]?Í»·ÉjºÁ?ËÆe *¸vª?Á>²=dÆ(¸qÙ=ÇÂÆÍh¢Á>Ý=
; ç ¹Ç¯I>»ª6¹>®(=¹Çie6¹>® ; b»¹Ç¯I>º6>»ÂbUÙ¹>¯ª
(=¹Çie6¹>®; b»¹Ç¯I>º6f]ܶ¹>®Æ*ÅØ^ª(ð>vÈ?K¾?6¹>®
*Ä·J¯ª(ÄE=ÇQa>¢@ª(ð>MØMÄÉ·¢a>¢@ª(¼q?>¾?6¹>®(ç¹Ç¯I>»ª6¹>®
ʾ>N¶=>º?Æ(=Ír]fEd]?b¯ª¹ÆÙ=>º? 6¹>¯ªU=¹Çie´¶c¨·Fª
η¢KFNÈÆrÈÀº¸Év«IXÈfq=dÂÆ Ä¶ ð>Òɿê °>E ¥bq b¯ª
¸J¯¶=ÀºÄj«¾Î·¢ð>ªÇ]f«³¶=fÃÈÆ=Ír]fEd]@ÈÀºÎ·¢Á>Ý=
*>ð¿É¯È°¯=
(´¶cÁÆaÇÂ>ºÄ¿º G·{ Àº>º? (f«³¶=Ä¿ºG·{ À»Éª=dÂ
d]ÖÈ×ÁDª(´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ?ÍÉr£½>ɯ¶=Æ?(ÍɺØiÝ=ÌÇ¢b¶=µ²
.20
= g>Q? b® f«³¶= Á>² =cC ľC ¹>¯È × ´¶d¶Æ (Åg=ÇQ ÍÈÛ= Åd Àº
ÍÉr£=ÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È×(Æ?H>EÀºf«³¶=ÁÆa>»ªÅe>ÃC¼·j»·¶
l>¯È×´¶d²Æ(Æ?H>EÀºO}¸]bIتf«³¶=k¿QÀºKjɶ
η¢>]ÀºÁ?×C *l>ɯ¶=¸rÎJUÍ·¢bQÇI ׾Ùf«³¶=η¢
¦ÐÊm¸»¢Æ?ÍÉr£ºH>³Ie=Ä¿ºG·{Æð>¿É¯È°¯=¸J¯¶=ÀºÄj«¾
Ķǯ¶´¶cÆ(ÄÉ·¢¼MC×ƸJ¯¶=ÀºÄj«¾Ì>R¿¶Ä·£«ÈÁ?ĶgÇľDªf«³¶=
Å=Æe ÄÉ·¢ =ÇÂf³Ji= >ºÆ Á>Éj¿¶=Æ @ì= º? À¢ ¤ªe 6½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢
g=ÇQ £È =dÂÆ (¼³= ¤ªeÆ ¼MÝ=Æ Tf= ¤ªe Ë? F³¶= ʾ=ì¶=
ð>¿É¯È°¯=LÇ=ÀºÇ=¹>UÊÂƯªÌbU=ÆͶ>UÀ³¶Æ *Ä·£ª
J£= Å=f²Ý= ÅbUÆ ÇÂÆ ÓR·= Å=f²Ý= Ð>﫶= ÄÉ·¢ °·ìÈ >º Ç =dÂÆ
±Øì¶>² (Åf³= À¢ ¼³= >Ãɪ ¤«IfÈ ¶= L×>= ¤É >ð¢f[m
(ÄÉ·¢=ÇÂf³Ji=>ºÆĶǯª(aǯ£¶=ƹ>»¢Ù=Àº´¶c¦Æ¤ÉF¶=ÆT=Æh¶=Æ
*>ðÒR·ºð>Â=f²CË?
.21
½ØiÝ=e=aCf«³¶=e=aÀºÌfR=
D¯@6>£I¹>®½ØiÝ=e=aCf«³¶=e=aÀºTÆf=ÊÂÌfR=
=Å SÅV Ø/ÅÊ=Å ]1j°Ù SÅV ×1¯M¦ÁÝ5U ßq°-°V¿ ÉRV®Q \-Ù Ä1ÀIÙXSV" WÛÏ°
SMn°Ù TÄm¦BSMÈ-VÙ <R\ȦyXT ¿º×qU ÕCÅV" ×1VU ÜSÅV ¨º×q)] r¯Û WÛÜ°Ý\ÈÕ²W*ÔÄ%
|¦°% WÛÜ°Ý\ÈÕ²W)ÔÀ-Ù Y¯ §²°¨ nm¦¡W% Õ1XÄ\yXT Ä/È\I\B ×1ÀIXTÚ
W% \®V
TÊ
VÙ
§²±¨ 9Zk¯\y WDTÀiW*ØMXi YXT <
Vk°O WDSÄÈk°¼W*ÔRd Y ©DWÙ©SÙXT °Ä_°K<XT ª$\C®Jm
ÏÆeÆ>§²²¨;qSÁÝ[ÎcSÁÝWÃ|E[XT ×1ÆMØ@WÃXSÁÝØÈWcDU ³_WÃ\®V
TÊ
VÙ
ÀºÐËfE>¾? 6¹>®Ä¾? U¿¶=À¢=bF¢ÀEfÈfQ°Èf{ÀºaÆ=aÇE?
ÏÐ=fI×6¹>® ; Æ=¹Çie>È6=Ƕ>®(²fn=fÃ?E¼É¯È¼·jº¸²
>º >º?Æ *¤ì¯¿I ÍÉ®>E ½ØiÝ= e=a C f«³¶= e=a Àº ÌfR>ª >»Â=e>¾
ͳº XJª b£E ÌfRÂ × 6½Øj¶=Æ ÌØr¶= ÄÉ·¢ ĶǮ Àº Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆe
ÍçɾÆa>ÃQÀ³¶ÆÌfR=K£ì¯¾=b® 6ĶǮÆXJ«¶=b£EÌfRÂ× 6ĶǮÆ
ÎI@ª fQ>ÃÈ À ÀÈa × Ä¶ ¸É® ¼·i? > Íɺ? ÀE Á=Ç«q Á? ËÆeà >ºÆ
ÀÀÈa׾C¸É®6¹>® ; GÂÆ>E?´EÐ>Q>º 6 U¿¶=Ķ¹>¯ªÍ¿Èb=
b¯ª ¼³¿³jº η¢ =Æäf¯ª (ͳº X{>E? C GÂÆ >E? ¤Qe= 6¹>® (fQ>ÃÈ
*f²>j¢ ÀE=Å=Æe =Æf«¾>ª f«¿Ji= ÁDª ÍëɾÆa>ÃQ À³¶Æ ÌfR= K£ì¯¾=
Í·£E ¸·£º Ê«¿¶= =d Á? ×C *ͳº XJª b£E ÌfR÷¶ Ê«¾ Ä·² ´¶c ÁDª
ÄQÆη¢Ð>Q ͳºXJªb£E 6ĶǮcC(Äj«¾OÈb=ÀºF¿JjIÍÉ¢fm
Å=Æeð>£ÉGÉEh¶=Æf»J¶==ÆdF¿I× 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç®¾(ÍÉ·£¶=À»vJÈ
À¢Êÿ¶=Í·¢Á>³ªÍÉ·£¶=À»vJÈÄQÆη¢Ð>Qð>£É 6Ķǯª*Á>FUÀE=
Í·£¶=ÅdÂÁ?£È=dÂÆ*ÌfR=Ê«¾Í·¢ÇÂͳºXJªÁ?£ÈÇê*c>FJ¾×=
.22
¸É¶bE (b·E Ë? XJª ¸E ͳ sJ ×Æ >ðºb¢Æ =ðaÇQÆ ¹Ç·£= ¤º eÆbI
À¢Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe>º´¶cbÈÖÈÆ *XJ«¶=b£EÌfRÂ× 6Ïf]Ù=ÍÈ=Æf¶=
CÄ¿ÈbEf«ÈÀºÖ=Á>²½Çɶ=ÌfRÂ× 6K¶>¯ªÌfR=À¢K·ÒiÆ(ÍnÑ>¢
ÄEebF£ÈÀºÖ=Æ(½ØiÝ==fÃ?b¯ª½Çɶ=>º@ª *«ÈÁ?ͪ>ĶÇieÆ=
Ä¿ÈbEð=e=fªXJ«¶=¸F®¼·j=ÀºK¾>²ÌfR=Á?η¢¹bÈ> Ð>mOÉU
½>ɯ¶=ÆÄ¿Èae>ÃC η¢ð=ea>®e>qľ٠XJ«¶=b£EKÉ«¾Æ(«ÈÁ?ͪ>
ÌfR=Ê«¾Í·¢Ç´¶cÄÉ·¢GIÈËd¶=XJ«¶=Ádzɪ *½ØiÝ=½>³U@E
b·EÀºXJ«¶=b£EÌfRÂ×ÄEa=fÈ´¶cÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ*>ÂbUÆͳºXJªkɶÆ
Á? b£E ͳº Àº £È K£ì¯¾= b® Á=Ç«r¶ ½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢ Ä¶Ç®Æ *XJª b®
b·F¶=XJª=cDª(f«³¶=e=aÀºÆe>«³¶=b·EÀºTÆf=ÌfR=ÁÙ(KVJª
(ÌfR Äɪ ίFI ت f«² e=a ×Æ e>«³¶= b·E °FÈ ½ØiC e=a e>qÆ
Àºb?ÏÆe>º ´¶cbÈÖÈÆ *ÌfRÂÄ¿ºÎ¯FÈ×XJªb·E¸² ´¶d²Æ
K·F¯I>ºÌfR=¤ì¯¿I× 6¹Ç¯ÈU=¹ÇieK£6¹>®ÍÈÆ>£º°Èf{
b?ÏÆeÆ Hf§=Àºk»n¶= ¤·ìIÎJUͶÇF¯ºÍEÇJ¶=¹=hI×Æ(ÍEÇJ¶=
ÍÈ=ÆeÆa>Ã=Á>²>º¤ì¯¿I×ÌfR=ÁC 6¹>®Ä¾?U¿¶=À¢ð>vÈ?
ÀºÌfR=Á?η¢´¶c¹bªe>«³¶=¸IÇ®>ºÌfR=¤ì¯¿I× Ä¿¢Ïf]?
ÁdzI >þDª ÌfR= ¼³U >º? *¤ì¯¿I ÍÉ®>E ½ØiÝ= e=a C f«³¶= e=a
*Ïf]Ù=L×>=ð>EÆb¿ºÆ L×>=x£Eð>ufª>ÃÉ·¢ea>¯·¶ÍFj¿¶>E
ÅhR£¶´¶cÆ(>ÃEG¶>캦ÇÂÆÄ¿¢>«¢=ÁDª>ÃÉ·¢eb¯ÈËd¶=>º?
Á=b¶Ç¶=Æ Ð>j¿¶>² (¬£u Æ? ͺ>®Ý= η¢ Å=f²C Æ? zf >ºC ÌfR= À¢
*ÌfR=ÍÈA½>J]Ð>Q>»²¼ÃÃFmÆ
½>ɯ¶= ×Æ (Ä¿Èa e>ÃC ¤ìJjÈ Æ ÌfR= η¢ =ðea>® Á>² À»ª
.23
ÌfR=ÍÈAaeÆ>(ÄÉ·¢zfªÌfR=ÁDªÄ¿ºÍEÇ·ì=½ØiÝ=½>³U@E
Ø/ÅÊ=Å ]1j°Ù SÅV ×1¯M¦ÁÝ5U ßq°-°V¿ ÉRV®Q \-Ù Ä1ÀIÙXSV" WÛÏ° D¯ @6>£I¹>®
TÄm¦BSMÈ-VÙ<R\ȦyXT¿º×qU ÕCÅV"×1VU ÜSÅV ¨º×q)]r¯ÛWÛÜ°Ý\ÈÕ²W*ÔÄ%=ÅSÅV
£È>¿Âe>F]Ý>ª > §²°¨ nm¦¡W% Õ1XÄ\yXT Ä/È\I\B ×1ÀIXTÚ
W% \®V
TÊ
VÙ SMn°Ù
ÅdÂ>¿ÂG·ì¶=Æ(>Ãɪ=ÆfQ>¹>®Ä¾@²(G·ì¶=¨ÉqÀºÇÂÆ(fºÙ=
G·{ Çê ÌfR= µfI η¢ bÈbn¶= bɢǶ>E Á®=Æ bɲ@J¶>E Á®= ÍÈÛ=
=cC¼M@ȼ·j=η¢zfªÍ¶>=ÅdÂÌfR=Á?η¢¹bÈ> (½g>Q
½>ɯ¶=Æ(Ä¿Èae>ÃC¤ÉìJjÈÄ¿³¶ÆÌfR=η¢ð=ea>®Á>²Àº>º? *fQ>ÃÈ
*>ðufªKjɶÆÍEÆb¿º¹>=ÅdÂÌfR=ÁDªÄ¿ºÍEÇ·ì=¥fn¶=½>³U@E
¸F®Í³º Àº ÌfR=G¦fàÈÁ>² U¹Çif¶=ÁÚªÍEÆb¿º >þDz>º?
6>£I¹>®´¶cÍfqL>ÈALÐ>Qb®Æ(f«²e=aK¾>²OÉUXJ«¶=
\®V
TÊ ©#k¯\y r¯Û TÀi\I\BXT TÄm\B\F |ÚÏ°XT SÄ=W%XÄ |ÚÏ° D¯ @
SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ° @ 6¹>®Æ > §«ª±¨ ³2k°Oq ·qSÁÝ[Î XT _0\-ÕOXq WDSÄB×mWc
\i<°Ã R\BXq\j Ä1VÀÕÃU ×1¯M¦ÁÝ5U XT Õ0°N¯XSÙ%U
¯ ©#k¯\y r¯Û TÀi\I\BXT TÄm\B\FXT
ÅVW%TÄm¦BSMÈi ×1VXTSÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ°XT @6¹>®Æ> §«©¨WDTÃs®[ÝÙ¿2ÉF \®V
TÊ XT
Ä1ÁÙkQ \ÈVÙ ©ÛÏ°Fi r¯Û ×1ÅTÄn_§=R.Ôy ©D¯XT TÄm¦BSMÈi ³/[O ÄÔ³[ C°K% 1¯Mª-XkVXT C°K%
SÄ=W%XÄ WÛÏ°XT @ 6¹>®Æ > ¸V9j°K% 1ÇJX=ØoWXT ×1ÅV<ØoW 4×SV rQ"Wà Y¯ ÄnÔ§=
XÈfqÄ·²=dÂÆ> Ô2Å=°%\®V
TÊ
VÙ×1Å\ÈW%TÀi\I\BXTTÄm\B\FXTÀiØÈW¦°%
ʯEÀºf®?b®U¹Çif¶=ÁÚªð>ufªKjɶ>þDz>º?Æ*ÌfR=G·{
ÅÐ>QfQ>ÃÈÁ?a=e?U½>çV¿¶=¼É£à¾Á?ËÆàeb¯ª *»·j=ÀºÍ³º
bÈfÈÀ»¢´£¿ÀÆ(´¿Èaη¢K¾?Æ>¾b¿¢¼®?Ķ=Ƕ>¯ªËb¢Ç¿EĺǮ
¼Ã·º=e?Æ Ëb¢ E κ>JÉE ½Ç¯È Á>²Æ *>¿É«³I K¿² >º >¿«²=Æ (µ=c?
.24
=Ǿ>²´ºÇ® 6 U¿¶=Ķ¹>¯ª(b£EfQ>¼MÌbºÌfR=À¢¬·^Jª
µÇ«U ´ºÇ®Æ (Ê·J® =Æa=e?Æ Ê¾ÇQf]? ʺǮ *ʶ ʺǮ Àº ´¶ ð=]
´ºÇ® ¸E = ¹Çie >È 6¹>¯ª *ÍE>qÝ= fRU ÀE= Åf²c µÇ£¿ºÆ
Í¢>{Æ ÌfR= À¢ ʾÇìFM ÊºÇ®Æ (ÅÆb¢ a>ÃQÆ = Í¢>{ C µÇQf]?
À¢f¿¶=x§E(ÊÂOÉUÀº(Hf=e=aË?f«³¶=e=aÄ·²=dÂÆ*=
¸E(Á>³j¶>E>û³U¬·J×e=b¶=ÁÙ(ð=e>«²Æ?»·jº>þ>³iÁDz
×´¶cη¢Æ*ÄE>÷Â?Àº@ÈËd¶=Á>ºÙ>EÆ(ÄE¼³Ëd¶=½>¿¶>E¬·J
Ëd¶= Á? ×C *Á>¾Çɶ=Æ ¹>ºÇr¶= E ×Æ (l>¯«¯¶=Æ >ÉjɾÆb¾? E ±fª
Ìeb¯¶= ´· Á>² =cC ÍEÇ·ì= ¥fn¶= ½>³U@E ½>ɯ¶=Æ Ä¿Èa e>ÃC ¤ÉìJjÈ
ÅdÂÄÉ·¢½fľDª(½ØiCe=aC>ÿ³jȶ=f«³¶=e=a¸ÈÇη¢
Ìeb¯¶=´·Á>²?Ð=Çi(½ØiÝ=e=aCf«³¶=e=aÀºfQ>ÃÈÁ? Ͷ>=
Àº »·j ;>£Ji×>E ½? (ÅaØE ÀÈd¶= »·j= ¤º Ä·J³JE ½? ÄI=dE
(¸Ñ>iǶ=ÀºÍ·ÉiÆÍÈ@E½?(ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶=¤ºÁÆ>£J¶>E½?(ÅaØETe>]
dÒ¿ÉU ÄÉ·¢ ½fÆ (½ØiC e=a f«³¶= e=a ¸£ ¸»£È Á? ÄÉ·¢ G ľDª
>ÿ³jÈÁ>²ÁC>Ãɪoɣȶ=aØF¶=Á?´¶cη¢¸É¶b¶=Æ *>ÿºÌfR=
Æ?=Ç»·jÈÎJU>÷Â?¹>J®»·j=η¢GQÆb¯ª(f«³¶>E¼³Æe>«²
Àºð>»·jºÄ«qÇE(ð>vÈ?ÇÂÄÉ·¢GQÆÆ(½ØiÝ>E=Ç»³ÆÍÈh==Çì£È
Á>² ÁCÆ *Æb£¶= CHf®? ÇÂÀÆe>«³¶=¼ÃÉ·ÈÀÅe>FJ¢>EÆ»·j=
GQÆ b¯ª (f«³¶= ½>¿E Ë? (½ØiÝ= §E ÁÇ»³Æ (ÁÇ»·jº >ÿ³jÈ
Ç ÄÉ·¢ GQÆÆ (½ØiÝ>E =Ç»³ ÎJU >ú>³U ¹>J® »·j= η¢
Ë?η¢Çê(f«³¶>EÁÇ»³VàÈÀÈd¶=»·j=Ð×Ö Àºð=bU=ÆÅe>FJ¢>E
¼·j=Æ *ÄÉ·¢ð=ea>®Á>²ÁC¹>J¯·¶a=b£Ji×=ƹ>J¯¶=ÄÉ·¢GQÆb®¹>U
.25
À >ºC Çê (J¶>= I> À¢ Ķ>U Tf × f«³¶= e=a oÉ£È Ëd¶=
¼²>= ¹>J® ÄÉ·¢ GQÆ À >ºCÆ (Ä¾Ç·È ÀÈd¶= e>«³¶= a>ÃQ ÄÉ·¢ GQÆ
§E¼³¶=f«³¶=e=aÀºÄQÆf]J£ÈJ¶>=Æ(f«³¶>E¼³Ëd¶=
Àºð=e=fªÆ?(ÄɪÄÉ·¢GQÆÁ>³ºÀºa>Ã=Àºð=e=fª(f«³¶>EË?(½ØiÝ=
Á>²ÀgÇ×´¶d¶Æ(F²=b¿¢¼MC>»ÂزÆ(f«³¶>E¼³ÀºÍ·I>¯º
Ìeb¯¶=´·½=a>º>ÿºfQ>ÃÈÁ?½ØiCe=aCf«³¶=e=a¸ÈÇη¢ð=ea>®
>ɾ>F¶?ÆfrºÆ>ɾ>Fi=Æ>ɲfI´¶cËÇJjIÆ(½ØiCe=aC>÷ÈÇη¢
*f«²½>¿E¼³Kº=a>º>ÿÉE±fªØE
.3,
±>®i×=Ʊf¶=Àº½ØiÝ=¬®Çº
½>¾±>®i×=Æ(>£¶=Ð>?¤ÉaÇQǺ°É®f¶=ƽØiÝ=Ð>Q
aÇQÆÀ¢¼·£àÈ×Æ *¼ºÙ=ÆHÇ£n¶=¤Éb¿¢>ɾb¶=Ð>?¤É¤Ñ>m
À¢Æ *e=fUÙ=>Ãɪ±jÈÆ(°É®f¶>E>ÃEfßQ>JÈÆ×C>ɾb¶=ÍÉU>¾
°·£JI Í·³n= Åd Á? ½ØiÝ= Ï?e b®Æ *±>®i= >Ãɪ kɶ aØE aÇQÆ
¹h[¿ÈÀÈd¶=Æ(¸£«¶>E=Ç®i=ÀÈd¶=Ð>®eÙ>E°·£JI>»Â=bUC6J¿M=JÉU>¿E
Ê®>F² Í£·i ÁÆJ£ÈÆ (e=fUÙ= Àº ¼Â¦ e>FJ¢= ÏÇJjº À¢ ¼Âe>FJ¢=
>ðQØ¢°É®f¶==dÂTØ¢ÀºbE×Á>³ª(>ÃÉ·¢½Æ>jÈÆÏnIÆ¥>FI¤·j¶=
K¾>³ª Íɾ>N¶= ÍÉU>¿¶= >º? *=ðe=fU? ¼Ã·£QÆ Ð>®eÙ= Ð×Ö °J¢ C ËaÖÈ
´¶d¶ *±>®iضð=bU¤vÈð>QØ¢>ÃQØ¢ÀºbE×Æ(±>®i×>E°·£JI
F=Á>j¾Þ¶¤ª>¿¶=TØ£¶=JÉU>¿¶=I>Â>£IOÈa>UÙ=ÆL>ÈÛ=LaeÆ
*Ä?EÆÅa=fª?E½Ç¯I¶=L>®Ø£¶=¤®=ÆÆÁ>j¾Ý=¤®=Æη¢
.3-
°É®f¶=Í>£º
HÆfv=±f¶=¤uƬɫCËaÇIÍ>£º°É®f¶=½ØiÝ=>¢
=d ÌN² >ðº>³U? ¤uÆ b®Æ *=ðe>ÉJ]=Æ =ðQ įJ¢ C ËaÖIÆ (ÄÉ·¢
6Íɶ>J¶=¸Ñ>j=½>³UÙ=ÅdÂs^·JIÆ(¸Ér«I?Ð>﫶=>÷rªÁ@n¶=
E°É®f¶=¸²>nº>£ªÐ>®eÙ=Ádz·ßl>¿¶=½ØiÝ=bßQÆß ) -
f>²ð>¾>j¾CľDze>FJ¢=ÄÉ·¢ «Æ(ð>®Ç¯U°É®f·¶¸£Í>£º³¶>=
>£I=ÎqÆb®Æ *Á>j¾Ý=Lfì=ÍÈf쫶=L>«r¶=OÉUÀº
CÁ>jUÝ>E¬Èfn¶=OÈb= U¹Çif¶=ÎqÆ>»²¼Èf³¶=ÁAf¯¶=
<Ùk[ °O¯ SůnÕÉ# YXT TÀiÈÕÃXT@6>£I¹>®*¼ÃIfm>£ºÀj}ÆÐ>®eÙ=
rQ×mÁÙ s°l ®qSIÚXT ©Ûܦ_\-ÙXT r\-W*XjÙXT rQ×mÁÙ sªk¯XT ;=_ÕO¯ ©ÛÙÏW°XSÙ¯XT
> ×1ÅÄ=\-ØcU Õ0VQ W%W%XT©#k¯ ©ÛÙÓXTª =\HÙ¯ª °O¡XT ª Ä<ÁHÙ®qSIÚXT
==ǯI= 6 U¹>®Æ *Ð>®eÙ=¼²bÉF¢ > ×1ÅÄ=\-ØcU Õ0VQ W% W%XT @6ο£ºÆ
> ¼ÂÇ»£{@ª ¼³ÈbÈ? K = ¼Ã·£Q ¼³¾=Ç]C ¼Â (¼³¾>? K³·º >»Éª
¼ÂÇ»J«·² ÁDª (¼ÃF·§àÈ >º ¼ÂÇ«·³I ×Æ (ÁÇjF·I > ¼ÂÇjF¶?Æ (ÁÇ·²@I
ÄÉ·¢¹>®6ĶǮÌfÈf ÊE?°Èf{ Àºð>vÈ?ÏÆeÆ *¼·jºÅ=Æe ¼ÂÇ¿É¢@ª
¸²Æ = bÉF¢ ¼³·² (ºí?Æ ËbF¢ ¼²bU? À¶Ç¯È × 6½Øj¶=Æ ÌØr¶=
¤ªe b®Æ ÊI>JªÆ Ë>JªÆ Èe>QÆ ÊºØ¦ ¸¯É¶ À³¶Æ (= Ð>ºC ¼³Ñ>j¾
ÁÙÄE fä =¸J¯Èð>ºÇr£ºÄºa¸£QcC(f>²Ä·£QÆ°É®f¶=Ͷh[¿º¥fn¶=
> qQ Ø)VÙ r¯Û ¿©_¡ªÙÄ1ÅÙkQ WÆ _ °*ÅSÄ=W%XÄWÛÏ° SM{iU
Wc@6¹Ç¯È>£I=
(G¾d¶= Ð=hQ η¢ t>r¯¶= °·ìɪ (G¾d= H>¯¢Æ Í·M>»= t>r¯¶=Æ
t>r¯¶=¼³É·¢GJ²Î¿£ºÆ*¸£ª>º¸Nº¸¢>«¶>E¸£«ÈÁ?η¢°·ìÈÆ
.3.
½>¢=dÂÆ(¸I>¯¶=¸J¯ÈÁ?ηJ¯¶=G¾d¶=Ð=hQ¼³É·¢zfªÇÂηJ¯¶=
°Èf{ÀºÍQ>ºÀE=Å=Æe>º´¶cbÈÖÈÆ*bF£¶=Æf=ÆÎN¾Ù=Æf²d¶=¸»nÈ
bF£¶=Æf>ª *½>¢=dÂÆ ¼ÂÕ>ºa @ª>³JI ÁÇ»·j= 6 UĶǮl>F¢ÀE=
*Á>²ð>È?Ä·I>®¸J¯ÈÆ(Ä·J®½f½b¶=½Çr£º>»Ã¿ºðزÁ?Á>ÈÆ>jJº
ĺaÆ(Ð=ÇjEÐ=Çif=k«¿²°É®f¶=bF£¶=k«¾½ØiÝ=¸£Q´¶cη¢Æ
aÆ=aÇE?Æb?Å=Æe Å>¿·J®ÅbF¢¸J®Àº 6 U¹>®(ð>ºÇr£ºf=½b²
Á? °= °É®f·¶ ½ØiÝ= ¸£Q b® >ðvÈ?Æ *Hb¿Q ÀE Ìf °Èf{ Àº
Ä·£Q>º>º?Æ*°É®eÆfUÀºÅ¦Î·¢ð=bÂ>mÁdzÈƼ·£JÈÆ°·ìÈÆTÆhJÈ
(°É®f¶= Ͷh[¿º ¤ªfÈ Ä¾Dª >ÃE ¥>J»Ji×= ͺíÙ= ´¶> °U Àº ½ØiÝ=
¤ªfÈÄJQÆhETÆh¶=¥>J»Ji>² ÄJºí@E´¶>=¥>J»Ji=ÁÙ(įJ¢CËaÖÈÆ
ÌÆØ¢(>Â×Ǻb¿¢Í¶h[¿º>¸£Æ(Ìf=ÍQÆh¶=ÍFIfºCͺíÙ=Ͷh[¿º
°J£IÁ?ͺíÙ=ÅdÓÉÃÈÌa×ÆƸÀº¥>J»Ji×==dÂÄÉ·¢GIÈ>ºÎ·¢
*>Â×ǺLǺb£Eð=Q
b¢>jÈÍF®f¶=°J¢¸£Qb¯ª *Ð>®eÙ=°J¢Î·¢½ØiÝ=OU) .
6>£I¹>®ÍF¯£¶=½>VJ®=η¢Ä¿É[£ÈÆÍ·É·==¼[£¾f[³[mη¢Á>[j¾Ý=
> §ª¬¨ RWVXq sVÙ §ª«¨ ÉRWV\ÈÙ W% \XqÕjU W%XT §ªª¨ VRWV\ÈÙ ]1\UW)Ù ZVÙ @
¹>»¢Ù=¸£Rª *Ìbn¶=ÍF¯£¶=Æ(ͯnºÆÌbnEÌgÆ>=ƹÇ]b¶=½>VJ®×=Æ
ÌbÂ>
Æͯn=Ì>¾>£ºÀº´¶c>>ð>º>VJ®=>÷»¢¸£QÆÍF¯¢Í>r¶=
*Ð>®eÙ=°J¢Î·¢ÍÈÛ==OVª*±f¶=Àº>ÃrÉ·ÍF®f¶=´ªÆ*k«¿¶=
ð?fº= °J¢? ¸Qe >? 6 U ¹>® Ð>®eÙ= °J¢ η¢ ¹Çif¶= OU ´¶d²Æ
Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe e>¿¶= Àº ð=Çv¢ Ä¿º Çv¢ ¸³E >£I = d¯¿Ji= ð>»·jº
*=ðF²ð>E=ÇMĶ¸£QÆÐ>®eÙ=°J¢Gõ¦e½ØiÝ=Á?FJÈ´¶dEÆ*¼·jºÆ
.3/
¥fmb¯ª(Ð>®eÙ=°J¢GQÇIÍÉ·»¢ð>º>³U?½ØiÝ=¥fm ) /
ð>ɶA¼JȽf=GÈf¯·¶µÇ·»=bF£¶=°J¢¸£QcC(°J£¶=η¢ð>º>³U?
Á>j¾C¸³ª *°J£È½?°J¢?(zfȽ?´¶>=ÊueÐ=Çi´·=afR
afRÄ¿¢ð=QÄFÈf®ÄÉ·¢°J¢PeÝ=Æ?Ð=fn¶>E½f¼Ue=cð>FÈf®´·
¿¶=Á?ÌfÀ¢Àj=À¢aÆ=aÇE?ÏÆe *Ä®>J¢CCÍQ>UÁÆa´·=
°ÈfÀºbF£¶=GÈd£I¸£QÆ fUÇê½f¼Ue=c´·ºÀº 6¹>® U
ð>FQǺ ´¶c ¸£Q (ð>Uº >ðEfu bF£¶= Hfu Æ? Åa>jªC Æ? Çv¢ ¤ì® Æ?
¼ì¶ Àº 6¹>®Æ *ÅbÉi À¢ =ðQ ¼²>= įJ¢ ÅbÉi įJ£È ÁDª (įJ£¶
a=f=Æ *f»¢ÀE=°Èf{Àº¼·jºÅ=Æe įJ£ÈÁ?ÄIe>«³ªÄEfuÆ?IJǷ
HfuÅbF¢HfvÈÁ?bÉj·¶hÉOÈa>U?aÆeǶ\=Hfv¶=Hfv¶>E
¸J®À»ª*HǾd¶=ÀºN³¶Íºg×Ìe>«²ÍF®f¶=°J¢½ØiÝ=¸£QÆ*GÈa@I
DU !C°%ØUÀ-° |E[ W%XT @6>£I¹>®Í¿ºÖºÍF®efÈfÄIe>«³ª@ì]ð>¿ºÖº
¸RWc°jXT RV<°%ØUw% RWVXq Ämc®mÔUW*VÙ <V¼\\ <°%ØUÄ% #W)V CW%XT <V¼\\ Y¯ =°%ØUÄ% #È)ÙWc
XSÉFXT ×1Å KTÀiWÃ $4×SV C°% |E[ D¯
VÙ SÉi¡Wc DU +Y¯ à° ®ØFU rQ¯ ÏR\- _w%
¸V9k°K%2ÀIV<ØoWXT×1ÅV<ØoW4×SVC°%|ED¯XT RV<°%ØUw%RWVXqÄmc®mÔUW*VÙ²¦°%ØUÄ%
>»»ªÄ¿ÉO¿UÀºÆ > RV<°%ØUw% RWVXq Ämc®mÙVU%XT ° ®ØFU rQ¯ ÏR\- _w% ¸RWc°iVÙ
×1Å°=\-ØcU ßr¯Û ©SÙÓ ¯ Ä1ÅÅk°][UÄc Y @6>£I¹>®ÍF®efÈfÄJÒÉì]f«³È
WÛܦ_W%°QXn_WÃÄ3\ÈÕ»¯àÈOÉ"Xm
ÝVVÙ ]C\-Øc)]Ä1|"i
WÃ\-¯1ÁÅk°][UÄcC¦VXT
ÀºfÂ>ÀºÆ> RWVXqÄmc®mÙVU%ØTU Ô2ÀIÉ"XSÔ°ØTU ×1Åj° ØFU WDSÀ-°ÈÕ¼É"W%¦½\yØTU ÕC°%
ÍF®efÈfÄIe>«³ª>ÃɶCa>¢¼Mʺ?fòçÊ·¢K¾?>¹>®Á@EÄJQÆg
Ämc®mÔUW*VÙ SÅV \-° WDTÀjSÄÈWc 1É2 ×1¯Mª_°R6 C°% WDTÄm¯IVÀÄc WÛÏ°XT @6>£I¹>®
ÄIe>«³ª¥>»>E Á>vºe ½Çqbjª?ÀºÆ > y\-W)Wc DU ©#×V C°K% RWVXq
.30
>ÈK³·Â¹>¯ª U ¿¶=C¸QeÐ>Q 6¹>®ÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢ *ÍF®e fÈf
¸Â6¹>®Á>vºeÊI?fº=η¢K£®Æ *¹>®´³·Â?>ºÆ6¹>® *=¹Çie
6¹>®*£E>JJºÀÈfÃm½ÇrIÁ?¤ÉìJjI¸Ãª6¹>®*×6¹>®*ÍF®e°J£I>ºb
¿¶=ÊI@îªk·Q¼M6¹>® *×6¹>®ð>¿É³jºJi¼£ìI>ºb¸Ãª6¹>® *×
f¯ª?η¢¸Ãª6¹>® *=dÃE±brI6¹>®fÄɪ$Í«®Æ?¸ÉF¾gË?%±f£E U
LbEÎJU U ¿¶=´Vvª *>¿ºÄɶCTÇU?KÉE¸Â?>ÃÉJE×E>»ª ; >俺
°J¢ÄEfº?>º¹Æ?U¿¶>ª¼·jºÅ=Æe´·Â?Ä»£{@ªGÂc=6¹>®ÆÄE>ɾ?
½>³UÙ=Åd¸³ª*Ä¿¢hR£¶=ĶFIÁ?b£Eò×CŦC¹ÇVJÈÆÍF®f¶=
*ÍF®f¶=°J¢f«³=½h·IL=e>«³·¶
¸»£È Á٠ͯÈf{ Äj«¾ bF£·¶ ¸£Q ¸E ´¶dE ½ØiÝ= ¬J³È Æ
´¶cÆ *bF£¶=ÀÀ¢>ÃEzÇ£ÈͯÈf{´¶>»·¶¸£Q>»²(Äj«¾°J¢Î·¢
6>£I¹>¯ªÄEÁAf¯¶>E=fº?Æ=d½Ø[iÝ=G¦eÆ *GßI>³î=O}
×1¯Mn°Ù ×1È*Õ-° WÆ ØD¯ ×1ÉFSÈ°"VVÙ ×1ÅÄ=\-ØcU Õ0VQ W% -°% _ W*¦Ù WDSÅÓW*×Wc WÛÏ°XT @
Á@EÅbF¢Ç=GI>²=cCÆ*> ×1ÅV"XÄÝs°ª$%C°K%1ÉFSÉ"XÄXT =n×m\\
Á?bÉj¶=Ê·¢ð>FQ=ÆÁ>²(äfUK¾@ª=d²Ìbº=d³EJÉI?ÁC6Ķ¹>®
ð>FQ=ÆÁ>²Æ *ÄÉ·¢ ÄFI>² Ëd¶=¹>=η¢¸r ÎJU(¸»£É¶ÅbF¢°·ìÈ
b®Æ*ÍFI>³=ÅdÂÀ¢¤QfÈÁ?ĶXrÈ×Æ*¹>=fvU?=cCįJ£ÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢
=cCÍE>J³¶=ÁCÆ(ð×BºÄJF®eÆ(ð×>UµÇ·»=fÈf>þ@EÍFI>³=Ð>﫶=fä ¢
*ÅbÉi´·ºÀºTf]¹bF¶=Ïa?ÎJºÆ*ÅbÉibÈÀºbF£¶=Tf]KVq
K³·i b® >þ? >Ãɪ UØÈÆ *Ð>®eÙ= °J£¶ >÷² ½>³UÙ= Ådê
>Âd«¿I ¶= ½>³UÙ>E ¤ÈfnJ¶= ͯÈf{Æ (Gɦ¶=Æ O>E ÄÉQÇJ¶= ͯÈf{
ËaÖI½>³U?>÷²ÊÂÆ*=ÏǯI¤ª=bEaf«¶=>Âd«¿È=cCÌǯ¶>EͶÆb¶=
.31
a>C C ËaÖIÆ (Ð>®eÙ= °J£E ³¶>= b¿¢ ¸»£¶=Æ (³«J¶= a>C C
(±f¶= Àº ¼Ãåj«î ¾? °J£¶ =Ç·»£È Á@E ¼Ãåj«î ¾? Ð>®eÙ= b¿¢ ¸»£¶=Æ ³«J¶=
*¤»J=Àº±f¶=Ð>þCCð>ÃRJºj¶=¸£=dÂÆ
η¢½>³U?a>CÆ°J£¶=η¢O>E½ØiÝ=¬J³È ) 0
¸£Q cC *Ð>®eÙ= °J£¶ >ðq>] >ðE>E »·j= ¹>º KÉE ¸£Q ¸E (°J£¶=
\-5¯@6>£I¹>®(Íɾ>»N¶=H=ÇEÙ=bU?Ä·£QÆ(Ð>®eÙ=°J£¶frIÌ>²h¶=
r¯ÛXT ×1ÆMÇSÉ É °R[Ý[UÀ-ÙXT SM×nQ WÆ WÛ®°-\ÈÙXT ©Ûܦ_\-ÙXT °ÄXmVÁÝÚ ° Á0V\i¡
XT |¦°K% <R²c®mVÙ ©#k¯ ©ÛÙÓXT ©#k¯\y r¯ÛXT WÛÜ°%®mWÓÙXT ª!V®Jm
ÀäÉ£ÈÆ*Ð>®eÙ=°J¢£È>ª!8®Jmr¯Û:T@6Ķǯª>§¯©¨³2k¦[OÎ2j° WÆ
°J£¶Ì>²h¶=¹=Ǻ?Àºð=e=b¯º¸£Á?ͶÆb·¶gÇRɪ(ð>¿É£ºð=eb®H>F¶==d
À³I =cCÐ>®eÙ=°J¢Ì>²h¶=¹>º¸²¸£Á?>gǸE(Ð>®eÙ=
Ì>²h¶=fqÁÙ´¶cÆ*Ì>²h¶=e>rºÀºf]AfrÌeÆfu´¶>¿Â
ÀºbU=ÆH>EsrÁ?gǸE(Íɾ>»N¶=H=ÇEÚ¶ÁdzÈÁ?G×
*»·j=Í«É·ÏÐ=È>ºGjUH=ÇEÙ=ÅdÂ
.32
±>®i×=Í>£º
>ÃEð×Ç»£ºÁ>²¶=Íb¯¶=¼¿¶=±>®i×=H=ÇE?K¾>²
(k·«= ÀÈb= ±>®i>E Êv¯I K¾>³ª *ÌN² ½ØiÝ= Ð>Q U >£¶=
±>®i>EÊv¯IK¾>²Æ*Ä®jÈÁ?ĶÁ>²k·ª?ÆÄ¿Èbºfj¢?=cCÀÑ=b¶>ª
XÉJI K¾>²Æ (>È>ì=Æ ¼Ñ=f= Àº ÄF³IfÈ >º x£E η¢ ÍEǯ¢ Á>j¾Ý=
Àºgb£EįJ£ÈÁ?fnE(ŧ¶Äj«¾¤ÉFɪ(Äj«¾Î·¢±f¶=¸F¯ÈÁ?fV·¶
Í·ÉF¯¶= a=fª? ±>®i= >Ãj«¿¶ XÉFI ÍÈǯ¶= ¸Ñ>F¯¶= K¾>²Æ *ÄÉ·¢ Á>¯«JÈ
(ÏfiÙ=±>®i>EÊv¯I½>¢ÄQÇEL=Æh§¶=ÆHÆf=K¾>²Æ *Í«É£v¶=
fr >Ãv£E Á>²Æ *¼ÃÉ·¢ =ǶÇJi= =cC ¼Ã·² aØF¶= ¸Â? ±>®i= XÉFIÆ
*¹>«{Ù=ÆÐ>j¿¶=ƹ>Qf¶=ÀºHÆf=Ïfi?ÁÆd]ÖÈÀ±>®i×=
ófJàá¢?Æ *>ð¯É®eJ¢?´¶c±i=ÆÍ¢ÆfnºHfUð=i?d]?À»ª
*>ð¯É®eľdzE
±>®i×=>Ãɪ¸rÁ>²¶=¹=ÇUÚ¶¤uƽØiÝ=Ð>Q>»·ª
ÍFj¿¶>EFª *Hf=Ͷ>UfºÙ=¸çrªíÆ(±>®i×=¦ÍÉ¢fmð>º>³U?
TÉl |E[ D¯XT @6>£I¹>®(ÌfjɺCÀÑ=b¶=fJ¿ÈÁ?k·«=ÀÈb»·¶
>»Éi×ÆÍ·çr«í ºà HǾd¶=η¢L>Eǯ£¶=ÀçÉEßÆ > QXn\ØoW% rQ¯ ÏQXm°ÀV<VÙ QXnÕÄÃ
6ÁAf¯¶==>ÃɶCe>m?¶=Æ(±>®i×=>ÂÕ=hQÁ>²¶=Í®fj¶=ÍEǯ¢
½ØiÝ= ÀçÉE b¯ª > ÈPÅVXs\B XSÀIVÙ ° ®ÕOXq r¯Û \iªCÄT CW% ÈPÅVXs\B SÅV @
ÉRV®qXT Å®qXT @ 6>£I ¹>® (bɶ= ¤ì® ) Í®fj¶= Ë? ) >ÃJEǯ¢
η¢Ç=ÆbF£¶=Eb¯£¶=¸£QÆ *> W_[ \-¯ .ÄXs\B \-ÀIWc°iØcU ÜSÄÈV¼ÙVÙ
ÄÉ·¢ ¹>® (ð>£{>® >ðf e=fUÙ= ±>®i= ½fUÆ *±>®i×= η¢ × °J£¶=
.33
¸Qe 6ͺ>ɯ¶= ½ÇÈ ¼Ã»r] >¾? ÍMØM 6¸QÆ h¢ = ¹>® ½Øj¶=Æ ÌØr¶=
ΪÇJi>ªð=Q?fQ@Ji=¸QeÆ(Ä¿¸²@ªð=fU¥>E¸QeÆ(eb¦¼MÊEÎì¢?
Ͷ>U>º? *f=¤Ñ>F¶¼r]>£I>ª *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe ÅfQ? Äì£È Æ Ä¿º
Í¿j¶= Ê«ª *>ð¯·ìº ÏfiÙ= ±>®i= ¤¿»ª ½ØiÝ= >Ãɪ ¸çrªí b¯ª Hf=
ÁÆa¼ÃU=fi±Ø{DE¼ÃÉ·¢êÀºß >ºCľ@E(ÏfiÙ=¼³UÀçÉEÌfR÷¶Íɾ>N¶=
´¶dEÆ*ɺd¶=Æ?»·j=Àº¼Ã·NºÏfi@EÆ?¹>¼ÂÕ=bª>ºCÆ(¸E>¯º
TÄm[Ý[ WÛÏ° ¿2È)kªV Vl¯
VÙ @ 6>£I ¹>® *ÏfiÙ= ±>®i= ¤¿º b® ÁdzÈ
%¯XT ÀiØÈW &=W% %¯
VÙ VU2XSÙ TriÁVÙ Ô2ÉFSÀ-È)=VcÚ5U Vl¯ ³/[O ª!V®Jm ]!×n_¸VÙ
Æ?äÀ=6ο£==dÂÍfqÍÈÛ>ª > \FXq\wØTU ½!×mXVÚ \̲V" ³/[O Ä\i°Ù
ÏfiÙ=¼³Ufr}Êv¯IÍÉEf£¶=ͧ·¶=Æ*>ð¯·ìºÅ¦¸»J×Æ(Ð=b«¶=
frV·¶Æ(ÒÉmEÉ^J·¶>çºCÁÙ(Ð=b嫶=Æ?èÀ=ÀÈfºÙ=ÀÈdÂbU?
>»ÃE ¼³= Ìfq>UÆ Ð=b嫶=Æ Àä = E Ì LÐ>Q >¿ÂÆ *ÒÉn¶= ÀÈdÂ
%¯
VÙ@6>Âb£Ef²dÈ>»ÉªfrV·¶ÌbÉ«=> %¯ @ 6 [E´¶cÀ¢LfçF¢U
x£Eb¿¢ÍÃFm¤uǺÁ>²¹=Öizf£Èb®>¿ÂÆ *> Ä\i°Ù %¯XT ÀiØÈW &=W%
=d *´¶c Ï?e =cC ÏfiÙ= ±jÈ Á? Í«É·^·¶ Á? Ä¿º =Æd]? Ð>﫶=
ÍÈÛ= Åd ÁDª *ÍÈÛ= Åd ¹Æh¾ b£E ±i= b® U ¿¶= Á? Ç ¹=Öj¶=
(oÈf®e>«²Æ¹Çif¶=EHf=ÐbE¸F®ÌfR=b£EÍɾ>N¶=Í¿j¶=K¶h¾
ð=j«I J£È >»² >ð£ÈfnI J£È ¹Çif¶= ¸»¢Æ *¿U ±i= ¹Çif¶=Æ
±i=¹Çif¶=Á?¤ºÍÈÛ=ÅdÃEÏfiÚ¶±>®i×=¤¿¬É³ª(=L>ÈÛ
ÍFj¿¶>EĶǮƹÇif¶=¸»¢Á?Ç´¶cη¢H=Ç=Æ; ¿U>Æh¾b£E
ÁdzÈ×Æ(½>¢sÉrÆ?(°·ìºbÉɯIÆ?(¸»
¸Ér«I>ºCÁAf¯¶=L>ÈÛ
(¸r«IÎJUÍ·»
KjɶÏfiÙ=ÍÈAÆ*ÁAf¯·¶ð>^i>¾Ä¶Ç®Æ¹Çif¶=¸»¢
.34
Á?Xq=cDª(bäɯIÎJUͯ·ìº×Æ(srÎJU½Ç»¢>«¶?>Ã>«¶?×Æ
*gÇ × ´¶cÆ (> >ð^i>¾ ÁÇ³È Ä·»¢ ÁDª >Æh¾ b£E ±i= ¹Çif¶=
ÇÂÆ a>UA ] ÏfiÙ= ±i= b® ¹Çif¶= ÁDz ÁDª ´¶c η¢ ÌÆØ¢Æ
ʣ쯶=a>UÛ=]ze>¢=cCÆ>Ä\i°Ù%¯XTÀiØÈW&=W%%¯
VÙ@6ÍÈAze>£È
> e>FJ¢= ت ´¶c η¢Æ *ÍÈ=ea a>UÛ= ] afÈ OÈa>UÙ=Æ L>ÈÛ= Àº
¤®=ÆÁ?η¢ *ÏfiÙ=ÍÈA¹Æh¾b£EÏfiÙ=±i=¹Çif¶=Á?ÀºÏÆfÈ
Àº ÁÇEe>= GVìq= b® ¿U ÌÆh¦ ľ? ¹Çif¶= Àº ¸rU >º
(¼>QekÉ»VJ¶Æ¼Âa=ÇiN³J¶Í²f£=ð×>«{?ÆÐâ >j¾¼Ã£º²fn=
η¢¹Çif¶=¼Ã»j®Æð>ÉFi¹>«{Ù=ÆÐ>j¿¶=e>qͲf£==Æfj²>»·ª
¼>º»·j=GÂÇJi=j¶==d¤QÆe>»·ª *»·j=ÀºEe>=
η¢ð×=a=dÂÁ>³ª *Ä·Â?Cj¶=aeÆk«¾GÉ{À¢j¶=°UÀº
¹>Qf¶= ÁÇFVrÈ ÀÈd¶= Á>ÉFr¶=Æ Ð>j¿¶= ÇÂÆ (j¶= ±>®i= g=ÇQ
=cCÁÇEe>=¹>Qf¶=¼ÂÆj¶=¦>º?Æ*kÉ»VJ·¶Æa=Çj¶=N³J¶Í²f£=
Æ (ð>¯·ìº ¼ÂeDzc Àº =ðbU? ±jÈ U ¹Çif¶= ÁDª Ïfi? =Æd]?
(aÇÃɶ=Àº×Æ(Hf£¶=Àº×(Ee>=eDzd¶=Àºð=i?±i=ľ?XrÈ
>º?Æ*He>=f²d¶=Cfr¿IK¯·{?=cCi?Í»·²Æ*Ïe>r¿¶=Àº×Æ
´¶cÀºÆ *ÏfiÙ=kɶÆ(j¶=ͧ·¶=¼ÃÉ·¢°·ìÈľDª¸«ì¶=ÆÌ?f=
Í«É·=fäÉ]ÆEe>=¹>Qf¶=ÀºÏfiÙ=±>®i=¤¿º½ØiÝ=Á?FJÈ
i¹Çif¶=¸£ª>»²(Ð=bª¼ÃɪkɶÆ(±Ø{Ý=Ʊ>®i×=Ej¶=
Æ =ðe=fU? ¼Ã²fI É] i ¸£ª >»²Æ (¼Ã¯·{? ¼M ¼Ã®i= ¿U
=Ç·=cC>º?(Hf=oÉ=¹>«{Ù=ÆÐ>j¿¶=KFVq=cC=dÂÆ*¼Ã®jÈ
Ͷ@jº Í«É·= ¸»¢Æ *i ×Æ fi? × (¼ÃÉ·¢ ÐÊm ت ¼ÃIÇÉE
.35
Í·º>£º ÍÉEf= Íi>Éj¶= ÄÉvJ¯I >º GjU >ÃE jÈ >C j¶= ±>®i=
Hf=Lغ>£ºÀºÍ·º>£ºÇÂ>CÆ(±>®i×=ÄEaÇr¯=kɶÆ(Ð=b¢Ù=
*Æb£·¶ÍFj¿¶>E¬®Ç=ÄÉvJ¯È>ºÆÅ=fÈ>º¸£«È(Í«É·^·¶ÄɪfºÙ=µfI¶=
¶=L×>=¤É¤¿»ª±>®i×=>¢½ØiÝ=Á?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ
¬®Ç»·¶ >ð£FI j¶= Ͷ>U e>É= Í«É·^·¶ µfIÆ (±>®i×= >Ãɪ ¸r
¸ìFÈU>»Éi×Æ(±>®i×=η¢Îv®b®Ádzȴ¶dEÆ*Æb£·¶ÍFj¿¶>E
>»²kÉ»VJ¶=Æa=Çj¶=N³J¶oÉ=¤º¹>«{Ù=ÆÐ>j¿¶=T=f]Cl>¿¶=b¿¢
Ͷ>U×ÆίFÈ׾Dª(½Çɶ=ÎJUÁÆf®d¿ºÍNÈb=HÆf=¹>=ÊÂ
*±>®i×=¤¿º½ØiÝ=Ádzȴ¶dEÆ(ð>¯·ìº±>®i×=>Ãɪ¸rÌbU=Æ
.4,
a=fªÙ=EL>®Ø£¶=
ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=ÀºTc>ÊÂKßUfó mà ¶=ͯE>j¶=½>³UÙ=ÅdÂ
*¼ºÙ=ÆHÇ£n¶=ƹÆb¶=Àº>§E>ÃI>®Ø£EÆ(ÍɺØiÝ=ͶÆb¶>Eͯ·£J=
>ÿº¼·j=ÀäÉFJÈÎJU(½>³UÙ=fÑ>j¶ð>Qcǽ>³UÙ=x£E>ÃɪÀäÉEb®Æ
>£I ¶= ½>³UÙ= ¥Ç¾Æ (ͺ>£¶= ͮأ¶= Åd ÄÉ·¢ ½Ç¯I Ëd¶= l>iÙ=
(¼Ãm>£º ¼Ã>rº >ÃÉ·¢ ½Ç¯I a=fªÙ= E L>®Ø¢ µ>¿ÂÆ *>÷²>nº
Íq>] ÍÉ¢fm ½>³U@E a=fªÙ= E L>®Ø£¶= Åd >£ª ½ØiÝ= Ð>Q b®Æ
*Á>j¾CÇÂOÉUÀºÁ>j¾Þ¶Íº>¢(ÍÈaf«¶=L>®Ø£¶>E
Ä¿³¶Æ(¿É£ºa=fªÙ×Á>j¾Þ¶¥ëfnÈÄ·²Ä£ÈfnI½ØiÝ=Æ
ʾ>j¾Ý= ¼Ã«qÇE a=fªÙ= Ð×Ö ¥fnÈÆ (a=fª? ¸N»= Á>j¾Þ¶ ¥ëfnÈ
ÅdÆ a=fªÙ= Ð×Ö ¥fnÈÆ (Í¢> ÁǾäÇ³È l>¿¶= Àº ͢ǻ
¼Âe>FJ¢>E
>ÂaÇQÇE¶=a=fªÙ=EL>®Ø£¶=ÀºÆ(L>®Ø¢ÀºÄ¾ÇQ>J>ºÍ¢>»=
À¢f¿¶=x§E(Á>j¾Ý=k¿QÁ>j¾Ý>EaÇr¯=Á>²>Æ *¤»J=ÁçdzJÈ
>Æ *ÀçÉ£º af«¶ × Á>j¾Ý= =d Ð>Q ¤ÈfnJ¶= ÁDª (ð=b» Æ? =ðb¶>] ľDz
ð=b» Æ? =ðb¶>] ľDz OÉU Àº ÀçÉ£= s^n¶= Ç af«¶>E aÇr¯= Á>²
af«¶= Àº >ðEÇ·ìº ¤ÈfnJ¶= ¬É¶>³JE ½>ɯ¶= ¸£Q b® ½ØiÝ= ÁDª (£=
ð=eǺ@ºÆ (afª Ë? af«¶= ¸²>nº Í>£º ÄE =ðaÇr¯ºÆ (Ç ÄJÈafª e>FJ¢>E
Ëd¶=ÁDª(Á>j¾Þ¶K¢fmÁCƽ>³UÙ>ª*½ØiÝ=Ð>Q>º¸³EbɯJ¶>E
× À³¶Æ (b»Æ b¶>] Ë? (ÀäÉ£= af«¶= Ç >ëɶ>³JE ½>ɯ¶= Ä¿º Gå·{î
ÄFU Æ? (ĶÇì² Å¦ >Ãɪ IJe>nÈ × ¶=Æ (ÄE Íq>= ÄJÈafª e>FJ¢>E
ÄÉ·¢ °Fì¿I >ð¾>j¾C ľDz e>FJ¢>E af«·¶ ¸E (½ÇV·¶= À¢ ĪÆh¢Æ e>v^·¶
.4-
¶= ÍÈÇÉ= Í®>ì¶= fÂ>º Àº =ðfú ÁÇ³È > (ÍÈf쫶= Á>j¾Ý= L>«q
¼É¿J¶½>³UÙ>E½ØiÝ=Ð>Qb®Æ*>ð¾>j¾CÅe>FJ¢>Eaf«¶==d¹>£ª?fÃI
½>³UÙ>EÐ>QË?(Íq>=Æͺ>£¶=ÍÉm>£=¼ÃI>ÉUa=fªÙ=EL>®Ø£¶=
¶= ½>³UÙ>E Ð>Q >»² (x£E ¤º ¼Ãv£E l>¿¶= E L>®Ø£¶= ¼É¿J¶
Àº >Â¦Æ Í¶Æb¶= EÆ (ͶÆb¶= EÆ l>¿¶= E L>®Ø£¶= ¼É¿J¶ K¢fm
>ÃE¬·³È½>³U?>÷³ª *Í¢>ÊÂOÉUÀºÍ¢>»=¼É¿J¶Æ?(¹Æb¶=
*>ð¾>j¾CľDzOÉUÀºÀ³¶Æ(ÀjUÆ?b¶>]Æ?b»(£=af«¶=
¥äfmU½ØiÝ=Á?b(>ÃJ·ÍÉ¢fn¶=½>³UÙ=¤FJIÀºÆ
¶= Í¢>»= ÍV·rºÆ (Íq>= ÄI>r^n af«¶= ÍV·rº ΢=e ½>³UÙ=
Àº×(Í¢>>þDzOÉUÀºa=fª?ÀºÍ¾Ç³ºÍ¢>>Âe>FJ¢>E>ÃɪoÉ£È
L>®Ø¢Àº>ÿÉE>Í¢>»R·¶¥fnÈUľDª*>Âa=fª?EL>®Ø£¶=OÉU
L>®Ø¢ Àº Ŧ EÆ Ä¿ÉE > af«·¶ ¥fnÈ UÆ (af«¶= ÍV·rº Ê¢=fÈ
Àº¹>ºd]?°UͶÆb·¶¸£QUÅb´¶d¶Æ *Í¢>»=ÍV·rºÊ¢=fÈ
(>ÿ¢tÇr¿=¹>=KÉEae=Ǻ¬³I=cCÍÉ¢f¶=ÁÆÖmÌe=aÝ»·j=
(a>ÃR·¶¹>ºd]@²(Í¢>»=η¢=ÄFQÆ?>ò×Cd]@I×Á@EͶÆb¶=bÉ®
Ë?(Ð>É¿¦Ù=¹>º¹ÇvªÀºò×C=dÂd]@I×Á@E>ÂbÉ®Æ(£Ñ>Q½>£{ÝÆ?
(À³j=Æ kF·=Æ ¸²@= Ê ¶= ÍÉi>iÙ= ¼ÃI>Q>U À¢ bÈhÈ >º
Ë? (¼Ã£»J
\Øìq= GjU ÍÈeÆfu J£I ¶= Íɶ>»³¶= ¼ÃI>Q>UÆ
Ð>v¯¶ ľÇF²fÈ >ºÆ T=Æh¶>² (¼>Nº? L>Q>U Àº Æf£= GjU
Í¢>»= «¤ÈfnJ¶==dê*´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ(½a>>²Æ(ÌbÉ£F¶=¼ÃI>Q>U
Æ?ð>JÉEFÈÁ?af«·¶XÉFÈUð>vÈ?¥fn¶=bÆ*af«¶=ÍV·rºÄɪKÉ¢Æe
Æ? l=f§¶=Æ Ð>¿F¶= Àº Ä£¿Æ (l>¿·¶ °Èfì¶= °U ÄÉ·¢ ¸£ >ð¾>JjE ¥ehÈ
.4.
*ͺ>¢ Íɳ·º η¢ Æ? (°Èfì¶= °U η¢ ÄE ËbJ£È ÄQÆ Ë? η¢ ¥eh¶=
Á?ÀºÄ£¿º(Ìe>½ØiÝ=e>ÈaTe>]´·>º¤ÉEaf«·¶\>E?UÆ
af«·¶ ¤ÈfnI =dê *»·j= η¢ Æb£¶= ÄE ÏÇ¯È >º ¸²Æ \Øj¶= ¤ÉFÈ
*Í¢>»=ÍV·rºÄɪKÉ¢Æe
ð>£ÈfnIľDz¤ºa=fªÙ=EL>®Ø£¶=¼ù¿ßÈàËd¶=¤ÈfnJ¶>ªÄÉ·¢Æ
ľDzÀ¢×Æ(Á>j¾Ýð>£ÈfnIľDzÀ¢¸r«¿È×Ä¿³¶Æ(ÍÈaf«¶=L>®Ø£·¶
EÍ»Ñ>¯¶=L>®Ø£·¶Ë?¤»JR»·¶ð>£ÈfnIľDzÀ¢×Æ(Í¢>»R·¶ð>£ÈfnI
L>®Ø£E ͯ·£J= ÍÉ¢fn¶= ½>³UÙ= Tc>»¿ª =d η¢Æ *Í¢>»= Åd a=fª?
(a=fª?L>®Ø¢K>¢ÁCÆ(Á>j¾Ý=F¶Íº>¢ÍÉ¢fm½>³U?ÊÂa=fªÙ=
ð N»ª *>ÃE ½>ɯ¶= ÁÆfm>FÈ ÀÈd¶= ¿É£= a=fªÙ= η¢ °Fì¿I K¾>²Æ
¤ÉF¶= Ø
½ØiÝ= ½>³U? ÁǯFìÈ ÀÈd¶= a=fªÙ= E L>®Ø£¶= ¼É¿J¶ ÍÉ¢fm ½>³U?
>ÿ³¶Æ (½>³UÙ= Åd ÁÆfm>FÈ ÀÈd¶= ¼Ãª (ÍɺØiÝ= ͶÆb¶= ÍÈ=e K
b¶>]Æb» ¤ÉF¶=fm>FÈUÆ *Á>j¾Ý=EÀºa=fªÙ=¤É η¢°Fì¿I
ð>F¶>ìºkɶÆ(¤ÉF¶>E>jF·I>»Ã¾Ù¤ÉF¶=½>³U?dÉ«¿JEF{>^=>»ÂÁ>¾Ç³È
>ïFìɶ K¢fm ¤ÉF¶= ½>³U@ª *¤ÉF¶>E Á>jF·JÈ × Á=d·¶= >qÆ ÀjU >ÃE
(Í¢> ÁÇnÉ£ÈÆ (Á>j¾Ý= E Àº ¼Ã¾? e>FJ¢= η¢ À³¶Æ (a=fªÙ=
ÀºbE×¼·j=af«¶=Á>²>Æ*>þÆfm>FÈÆÍ·³n=¸rU>þǯFìÈÆ
Á? ÄÉ·¢ ¢ zfª Á>² (ÍÈaf«¶= Ķ>»¢? η¢ ½ØiÝ= ½>³U? °FìÈ Á?
zf¢bÉ«=ÀºÁ>³ª(>ÃIfm>FºbÈfÈͶ@jº¸²¥fn¶=¼³Uf£È
ÁÇ»·j= >êf£É¶ ¼Ãv£E ¤º a=fªÙ= L>®Ø£E ͯ·£J= ½>³UÙ= Àº Tc>
*ÁÇQ>J>ºÍªf£Í£Èfn¶=GJ²=Ç£Q=fÈÆ
.4/
¤ÉF¶=
Ð=fn¶=η¢¤ÉF¶=°·ìÈÆ *Ð=fn¶=buÇÂÆͶa>F=°·ìºÍ§¶¤ÉF¶=
¼ÅÆfm(Å=m=ο£Ä¿ºÄ¢>E¹>¯Éª *¤ÉF¶=η¢Ð=fn¶=°·ìÈ>»²(ð>vÈ?
¤ÉF¶=>º?Æ *a=f=£IÍ¿Èf¯¶=Æ(f]Û=η¢>»Ã¿º¸²°·ìɪ(ÅÇ¢>Eο£
hÑ>Q¤ÉF¶=Æ *Êu=¶=¸ÉFiη¢ð>³·Æð>³É·¹>¹>ºÍ¶a>FºÇêð>¢fm
àTÀi¯IÕU XT @6¹>®Æ > \ÌÙkWÙ #[OU XT @6>£I=¹>® *Í¿j¶=ÆH>J³¶>E
*> ×1Å=°K% ºXmV" CWà QXmSI°% |ESÅV" DU +Y¯ @ 6¹>®Æ > Ô2È)ØÈWcWV" Vl¯
ľ?Í¢>ªeÏÆeÆ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe >®f«JÈ >ºe>É>E Á>£ÉF¶= 6 U¹>®Æ
e>RJ¶=fn£º>È6¹>¯ªÁÇ£È>FJÈl>¿¶=Ï?fªÎ·r=C U¿¶=¤ºTf]
e>RJ¶=ÁC 6¹>¯ªÄɶC¼Âe>rE?Ƽî>¿¢?=Ç£ªeÆU=¹Çif¶=ÇE>RJi>ª
ÏÆeÆ*Ëdº¶=Å=Æe±bqÆäfEÆ=ίI=Àºò×Cð=e>RªÍº>ɯ¶=½ÇÈÁÇN£FÈ
¤ººÙ=±Æbr¶=fQ>J¶= 6¹>®Ä¾?U¿¶=À¢bÉ£iÊE?°Èf{Àºð>vÈ?
¹ÇF¯¶=Æ H>Ý= aÇQÆ ¤ÉF¶= nÈÆ *Ð=bÃn¶=Æ ¯Èbr¶=Æ ÉF¿¶=
*lf]Ù=Ìe>mD² «·¶=½>¯º½Ç¯È>ºÆ?(>»Ã¿ºbU=Ƹ²Î·¢¹bÈ «·E
¤ªbÈÆÍ£·j¶=Ën=d]@ÈÁ@²ð>É·»¢¤ÉF¶=>º? * «·¶=ÀºJ£IÍE>J³¶=Æ
(>Ãɪf¿ÈľDª´¶c¸²>m>ºÆbȶ=¤E=Ç{ƬVr¶=ÆhF=¤ÉF²>ÿ
¸»£¶= ÁDª ͺÆ>jº >Ãɪ kɶ ±Çj¶= À»N¶= ͪÆf£º Í£·j¶= K¾>² ÁDª
¤ÉEÐ>﫶=ÄÉ·¢°·ìÈ>ºÇÂÆ(ð>£ÉEJ£Éª¹ÇF¯¶=ÆH>Ý=η¢¹bÈdÒ¿ÉU
ľDªÍºÆ>jºCT>JƱÇj¶=ab¦Í£·j¶=ÀÁ>²ÁC>º?*Ì>{>£=
À³cC(¹ÇF¯¶=ÆH>Ý=η¢¹bÈ׸»£¶=ÁÙ(Ì>{>£=¤ÉEÄɪXrÈ×
cC *Lغ>£=ÄÉ·¢ÁdzIÁ? G >ºØ] =dÂÆ(L>¢g>¿=Ä·]bIÁ?
.40
¤ÉE dÒ¿ÉU J£È ت (L>¢g>¿= ¤¿ ÄQÆ Î·¢ Lغ>£= ÁdzI Á? G
>ľ?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ*¹ÇF¯¶=ÆH>Ý=η¢s¿¶=ÀºÅäÇ·(ð>£ÉEÌ>{>£=
«·EØrÁ?ÀºbE׾Dª¤ÉF¶=ÍVqð>{fm¹ÇF¯¶=ÆH>Ý=Á>²
>»Â¦¸»J×ÍÉ£ì®Í¶×a>»ÃÉ·¢¹bȸ»¢Æ?Ìe>mDEÆ?(>»ÃÉ·¢¹bÈ
*Í¢g>¿=½b¢¤º
×Æ(b¯£¶=Ð>ÃJ¾=afRaÆb£=ÆÁÆgÇ=Ƹɳ=¦¤ÉF¶=¼JÈÆ
Á>»uÁ>²ÄvF®¸F®¤ÉF=¬·IÁDª(¤ÉF¶=½>ÝxF¯¶=´¶cnÈ
(´¶c¸²>m>ºÆÌe>Éj¶=ÆÍE=b¶=Æe=b¶=¤ÉF²(¤Ñ>F¶=Á>»u×(Ën=
T=f= 6¹Ç¯È U¹Çif¶=ÁÙ(aÆb£º×ÆÁÆgǺ×Ƹɳkɶ>
Ç·ª *ÄÉ·¢ ľ>»vª Ën»·¶ ÅÕ> ¤ÉF¶= =dÂÆ *aÆ=a ÇE? Å=Æe Á>»v¶>E
>Æ 6¤Ñ>F·¶kɶÆËn»·¶>Âb¶ÆÁDª(Lb¶Çª>ÃvF¯ÈÆÍE=aÏm=
¹>¯ªÄÉ¿£E ( U ¿¶=Ķ¹>¯ªG£qf»£¶f³Eη¢Á>²Ä¾?f»¢ÀE=ÏÆe
f»¢ ÀE = bF¢ >È ´¶ Ç 6¹>® ¼M (Å=m>ª = ¹Çie >È ´¶ Ç 6f»¢
¸F® ¤ÉF¶>E frJ¶= Äɪ ¸rU =dê *Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe KÒm >º ÄE ¤¿q>ª
¤ÉF¶=¤®Æ=cC>º?*aÆb£º×ÆÁÆgǺ×Ƹɳº¦Ä¾Ù(οNJjºÇêÄvF®
xF¯Eò×C>Ãɪ¼JÈפÉF¶=ÁDªaÆb£ºÎ·¢Æ?ÁÆgǺη¢Æ?¸É³ºÎ·¢
À¢ÎþU¿¶=ÁÙ(¤Ñ>F¶=¹>ºÀºÇêÄvF®¸F®¤ÉF=¬·I=cDª(¤ÉF=
ÎJUÄ£ÉFÈتð>º>£{¥>JE=Àº 6½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¶Ç¯¶Æ(ÄvF®¸F®½>£ì¶=¤ÉE
Ën¾ >¿² 6¹>® f»¢ ÀE= À¢ ¼·jº ÏÆeÆ *Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe ÄɪÇJjÈ
Àº Ä·¯¿¾ ÎJU Ä£ÉF¾ Á? U = ¹Çie >¾>ÿª ð>ª=hQ Á>F²f¶= Àº ½>£ì¶=
Á>»u ¸]a Ç¶Æ (¤Ñ>F¶= Á>»u ¤ÉF= Á? η¢ ¹bÈ =dê *ľ>³º
¸F®Ä£ÉEÀ¢Îþ>»·ª(xF¯¶=b£E>»²ÄɪfrJ¶=ÆÄ£ÉEĶg>Ën=
.41
Á>»u Çê (Ķ ij·º ¼JÈ Å>¿£ºÆ (Äɪ frJ¶= À¢ Îþ b¯ª ÄvF®
(½>£ì¶=À¢Êÿ¶=aeÆb®Á>²ÁCÆľCÆ *Ën=Á>»ukɶÆ(¤Ñ>F¶=
Êÿ¶= Ádzɪ (ð=aÆb£º Æ? >ð¾ÆgǺ Æ? Ø
ð ɳº ÁÇ³È Á? Ç· × ½>£ì¶= ÁDª
(ð=aÆb£º ½>£ì¶= η¢Æ (ð>¾ÆgǺ ½>£ì¶= η¢Æ (ðØɳº ½>£ì¶= η¢ >ðFr¿º
Á>²?Ð=Çi(xF¯ÈÎJUaÆb£ºÆÁÆgǺƸɳº¸²¤ÉEÀ¢Êÿ¶=¸»nɪ
>Ãv£EÆ(¸É³¶=η¢s¾OÈa>UÙ=x£EaeÆľÙ(½>£{¦½?ð>º>£{
¿¶=Á?¼·jºÏÆeb¯ª *ÐÊn¶=η¢s¾>Ãv£EÆ(¤·j¶=η¢s¾
6¹>®½=hUÀE¼É³UÀ¢ÆĶ>J³ÈÎJUÄ£FÈتð>º>£{¥>JE=Àº 6¹>®U
6¹>®; Êä ·¢½f>ºÆ>ÿºÊ¶¸>»ªð>¢ÇÉEËm?ʾC (=¹Çie>È6K·®
Á? 6KE>MÀEbÈgÀ¢Æ*b?Å=ÆeÄvF¯IÎJUÄ£FIتð>£ÉEKÈm==cDª
¼>UeCe>RJ¶=>ÂgÇÎJU¥>JFIOÉU¤·j¶=¥>FIÁ?Îþ U ¿¶=
Æ?¸É³Eð>º>£{Ïm=Àº 6¹>® U¿¶=Á?b?ÏÆeÆ *aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æe
Ð>ÉmÙ=½Ç»¢Î·¢Í¶=a>÷²OÈa>UÙ=Ådê *ÄvF¯ÈÎJUÄ£FÈتÁgÆ
aÆb£=Æ ÁÆgÇ=Æ ¸É³= ¦ Ð>¿NJi= ¸É¶bE (ÌaÆb£=Æ Í¾ÆgÇ=Æ Í·É³=
(ðØf»¢ÀºÏm==¹ÇieË?ľ?Äɪf²cËd¶=f»¢ÀE=OÈb}
¸É³=Ø~ xF¯¶=ÄɪnÈت(ÄvF®¸F®f»¢ÀE=bF£¶ÄFÂÆÆ
xF¯¶=Æ *¤ÉF»·¶ Ën= xF® >Ãɪ ¤ÉF¶= ½> fnª (aÆb£=Æ ÁÆgÇ=Æ
ÁDª(ÄFj}ÐÊm¸²xF¯ª(Ð>ÉmÙ=ØJ]>E¬·Jð>¢fmð>vF®J£=
¹ÇieÁ?Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe>(ľgÆÆ?ķɳEÄvF¯ªð>¾ÆgǺÆ?ðØɳºÁ>²
K¿²6¹>®Á>»N¢À¢Æ*¸J²>ªK£JE==cCÆ(¸³ªK£E=cC 6¹>®U=
´¶c¨·Fª(XEfEÄ£ÉE@ª(¥>¯¿É®Ç¿E¼¹>¯ÈaÇÃɶ=ÀºÀìEÀºf»J¶=¥>JE?
>º? *¸³ªK£E=cCÆ(¸J²>ªKÈm==cCÁ>»N¢>È 6¹>¯ª U =¹Çie
.42
*>÷¯¾>ÃvF¯ªð>E>ÉMK¾>²ÁCÆ *bɶ>E>ÃvF¯ª¾>¾aƼÂ=ea¤ÉF=Á>²ÁC
¹ÇVàÈÆ ¸¯¿È × > Á>² ÁCÆ *ľ>³º Àº ÄJÉn ÄvF¯ª >ð¾=ÇÉU Á>² ÁCÆ
Í»·²ÁÙ *ľÆa¸Ñ>U×ÄÈnºEÆÄ¿ÉEÍÉ·^J¶=ÄvF¯ªzeÙ=Æe=b¶>²
¤®=ÆJ£Éª>ÃÉ·¢Ê¢fms¾afÈÁDª(ÊUØìq=¹Ç¶bº Ķ «¶xF®
¼É·jJ¶=ÁÙ(Åb£EÆÀ»N¶=¤ªa¸F®xF¯¶=gÇÆ *½Ç¯¶=b¿¢ÄÉ·¢¹bI>º
xF®´¶d²Æ(Ä£®Çº¤®Æb¯ªb¯£¶=b£EbQÆÎJ»ªb¯£¶=L>ÉvJ¯ºÀº
*f]Û=η¢>»ÂbU?xF®¬®ÇJÈتÀ»N¶=
.43
½=fUÄ£ÉFªa>F£¶=η¢½fU>º¸²
>ÃEfm = ½çfUß Ð>Ém?Æ (ÍJÉ= ¼V·² >÷²? = ½çfUß Ð>Ém? µ>¿Â
>ÂÐ>¿J®= = ½çfU Ð>Ém?Æ (½>¿qÙ>² >Âc>= = ½çfUß Ð>Ém?Æ (f»>²
tÇr¿¶= LaeÆ Ð>ÉmÙ= Ådê *eÇr¶>² >ã¿q ½çfUß Ð>Ém?Æ (¸ÉM>»J¶>²
Àº a>F£¶= η¢ = ĺçfUß >»ª *>Ãf OÈa>U?Æ L>ÈA Àº ÍÉ¢fn¶=
¦Æ?>ÃEfmÆ?>÷²?½çfUß Ð=Çi(>ÃfÊ¢fms¾aeƶ=Ð>ÉmÙ=
¼ÈfVJ¶ð>º=fUÁdzÈa>F£¶=η¢=>úçfUß ¶=Ð>ÉmÙ=Åd¤ÉEÁDª(´¶c
¤ÉE ½çfßU ĶÇieÆ = ÁC 6¹Ç¯È U=¹Çie¤Ä¾?fE>QÀ¢ *>ÿ
ľDªÍJÉ=½ÇVmKÈ?e?=¹Çie>È6¸É¯ª *½>¿qÙ=ÆfÈh[¿=ÆÍJÉ=Æf»=
Ç (× 6¹>¯ª ; l>¿¶= >ÃE XFrJjÈÆ (aÇ·= >ÃE ÀÂbÈÆ (À«j¶= >ÃE ηìÈ
½çfßU > = ÁC (aÇÃɶ= = ¸I>® 6´¶c b¿¢ U = ¹Çie ¹>® ¼M *½=fU
À¢Æ *ÅÇE=c?ÅÇ·Æ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe Ä¿ =Ç·²@ª ÅÇ¢>E ¼M ÅÇ· >úÇVm
¼ÃÉ·¢ ½çfU = ÁC (ð>MØM aÇÃɶ= = ¸I>® 6¹>® U ¿¶= Á? l>F¢ ÀE=
½çfßUÐÊm¸²?½Ç®Î·¢½çfßU=cC=ÁCÆ(>þ>?=Ç·²?Æ>ÂÇ¢>Fª½ÇVn¶=
×Ƹ·£º¦¼ÈfVJ¶=Ê¢fn¶=s¿¶==dÂÆ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe Ä¿¼ÃÉ·¢
¹>¯È ت *Í··£º ¦ ͯ·ìº ίFI ´¶d¶Æ (>÷·£È f]A Ê¢fm s¾ bQÇÈ
>ÃɪK¾>²ÁCľ?C´¶cÀº¸qÇJɶÍU>F=Í£«¿=½b¢>ÃfÍ·£¶=
¼Ã«àÈÁ?¸»J×Æ(¸É·£J¶=½b¢ÄɪfÂ>s¾Ä¾Ù(Lg>QÍU>FºÍ£«¿º
ÄɪK¾>²?Ð=Çi(ð>º=fUa>F£¶=η¢½ëfUà >º¤ÉEÁ>²´¶d¶Æ*¸·£ºÄ¾?Ä¿º
à¤áÉEßß½fà Uß Æ(Á>F·r¶=ƽ>¿qÙ=à¤áÉEßß½fà Uß >¿ÂÀºÆ *À³I½?(ÍU>FºÍ£«¿º
¶= fÈÆ>rJ¶= ¤ÉE ½fUÆ (Á=ÇÉUÆ Á>j¾D² \Æe Ëd¶ K¾>² ÁC ¸ÉM>»J¶=
*Á=ÇÉUÆÁ>j¾D²\ÆeËd¶fÈÆ>rIK¾>²=cCbɶ>E¼ifI
.44
µb¿¢kɶ>º¤ÉEgÇ×
Á>²¹>=ÅdÂ>â>EÁDª(>󷺽>¸F®Í£·j¶=¤ÉEgÇ×
Á? ¸F® Í£·j¶= ¤ÉFÈ Á? >»Â=bUC (J¶>U η¢ ±brÈ =dÂÆ *Ø ð {>E ¤ÉF¶=
> ij·º ¼JÈ Á? ¸F® À³¶Æ (>ÃÈnÈ Á? b£E >ãÉFÈ Á? Íɾ>N¶=Æ (>ó·
(´·=η¢¤¯È>C¤ÉF¶=b¯¢ÁÙ(xF¯¶=ij·º½>nÈ>»ÉªxF¯¶>E
¤¯È×ÄvF¯ÈľÙ(b£EĶij·º¼JÈÀ³¶ÆÅ=m=Æ?(b£E´·>ºÆ
¹ÇieÎþb¯ª *>ð¢fmb¯£¶=ÄÉ·¢¤¯È¸bQÇÈľÙ(¤ÉF¶=b¯¢ÄÉ·¢
>È 6K·® 6¹>® ½=hU ÀE ¼É³U À¢ *¤Ñ>F¶= ij· × >º ¤ÉE À¢ U =
Àº Ä£ÉE? ¼M (Ä£ÉE? >º Ëb¿¢ kɶ ¤ÉF¶= À¢ ¶@jÈ ¸Qf¶= ÉI@È = ¹Çie
GÉ£mÀEÆf»¢À¢Æ*b?Å=Æe µb¿¢kɶ>º¤FI× 6¹>¯ª(±Çj¶=
×Æ (¤ÉEÆ ¬·i ¸ × 6 U = ¹Çie ¹>® 6¹>® ÅbQ À¢ ÄÉE? À¢
*aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æeµb¿¢kɶ>º¤ÉE×Æ(À»vI>ºXEe×Æ(¤ÉEÁ>{fm
kɶ>ºÆ(´³·ºkɶ>ºÄJ¸]bȽ>¢µb¿¢kɶ>¹Çif¶=F£Jª
Ìae=Ƕ=OÈa>UÙ=´¶cbÈÖÈÆ*Ķ´³·º¼JÈ>ºÆ(ĻɷjI´Ieb®
η¢¹bI>þDª *xF¯¶=ij·º½>nÈ>xF¯È>º¤ÉEÀ¢Êÿ¶=
ÎJU Ä£ÉE h Ķ ÅÕ=fm ¼JÈ ÎJU ÄvF® C T>J >º Ïm= Àº Á?
¥>JE=Àº 6 U¿¶=¹Ç¯¶(´·×>º¤ÉE¼³UÄ»³UÁdzɪ(ÄvF¯È
¿¶=Á? 6aÆ=aÇE?ÏÆe>Æ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe ÄɪÇJjÈÎJUÄ£FÈتð>º>£{
(¼>UeCe>RJ¶=>ÂgÇÎJU¥>JFIOÉU¤·j¶=¥>FIÁ?À¢Îþ U
(xF¯IÎJUL>®br¶=Ð=fmÀ¢Îþ U ¿¶=Á? 6ÍQ>ºÀE=ÏÆe>Æ
ÀEH>J£¶ U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®Ä¾?(l>F¢ÀE=À¢(ʯÃÉF¶=ÏÆe>Æ
.45
>º ¤ÉE À¢ ¼Ãþ>ª (ͳº ¸Â?Æ (= ¸Â? C ´JN£E b® ʾC 6bÉi?
ľÙ(ÅÇvF¯È>º¤ÉEÀ¢Êÿ¶=ÍfqOÈa>UÙ=Ådê *=ÇvF¯È
ÄvF¯ÈÎJUÄÉ·¢´·=¼JÈ×ÄvF®CT>J>ºÁÙ(Ķ¤Ñ>F¶=´·º¼JÈ
*Ä£Ñ>EÁ>»uÀºÄ¾ÙÆ(Ën=
b® Í£·j¶= ÁdzI Á? ¤ÉF¶= ÍVq nÈ Ä¾? FJÈ ´¶c ÀºÆ
¼JIÆ>ó·ºÆ?(>ó·Á>²ÁC>º? *>ÄJɳ·ºKÆ(¤Ñ>F¶=>ó·º
> ÄvF¯I Æ ÄJ³·º >º ¸»nÈ =dÂÆ (ð>¯·ìº > Ä£ÉE gÇ Øª > ÄJɳ·º
× >º >º? *aÆb£=Æ ÁÆgÇ=Æ ¸É³= ÇÂÆ (xF¯¶= ¤ÉF¶= ½>»J¶ Äɪ nÈ
Á=ÇÉ=¸NºaÆb£=ÆÁÆgÇ=Ƹɳ=¦ÇÂÆ(xF¯¶=ij·º½>»J¶nÈ
ÁÙ(ÄvF®¸F®Ä£ÉFÈÁ?¤Ñ>F·¶gÇľDª´¶c¸²>m>ºÆzeÙ=Æe=b¶=Æ
½? ÄvF® Ð=Çi (¤ÉF¶= b® ¹ÇF¯¶=Æ H>Ý>E ¤ÉF¶= b¯¢ ¹ÇrU af
ͯ·£Jº Kjɶ ¤ÉF¶= ½b¢ Ͷ@j»ª *Ķ ij·º >º ¥>E b® Ádzɪ (ÄvF¯È
*ĶÍɳ·=Åd½>»JEÆ(¤ÉF¶=Íɳ·Í¯·£JºÊÂ>CÆ(xF¯¶=½b¢ÆxF¯¶>E
OÈb>EÍJE>NªaÆb£=ÆÁÆgÇ=Ƹɳ=¦ÀºxF¯È>º¤ÉEg=ÇQ>º?
6G£q f»£¶ f³E η¢ Á>² ľ? f»¢ ÀE= À¢ Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆeÆ *XÉVr¶=
bF¢>È´¶ÇÂ6¹>®¼MÅ=m>ª´¶ÇÂ6f»¢¹>¯ª(ÄÉ¿£EU¿¶=Ķ¹>¯ª
>ÄvF®¸F®ÍF>E¤ÉF¶=frI=dÂÆ*KÒm>ºÄE¤¿q>ª(f»¢ÀE=
´·ºb®Ä¾ÙÄ£ÉEg=ÇQη¢¹bÈÆ(ÄvF®¸F®¤ÉF=´·º½>η¢¹bÈ
ij·>ºÆ(Ä£ÉEĶg>QÄÉ·¢Ä³·ºÆ¤Ñ>F¶=ij·º>ºÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ*Ķ¤Ñ>F¶=
Àºe>RJ¶=e>§qÄ·£«È>ºÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ *Ä£ÉEĶgÇ×ÄÉ·¢Ä³·º¼JÈÆ?
¼M(>Â>ÈCÄ£ÉEÆ(À»N¶=η¢Ä£º±>«I×=¼M(Í£·j¶=η¢Ën=ͺÆ>jº
>ûɷjIÆ >Âe>vUCÆ (Ķ >ÂÇ¢>E À >ÃÑ=fn¶ f]A fQ>I C H>Âd¶=
.5,
Í£·j¶=À¢¸ÒiUfQ>J¶=ÁDª(´·>º¤ÉEľÙ(gÇ×Ën»·¶
b¿¢ ±Çj¶= ÌaÇQǺ >þ? f£È Ä¿³¶Æ (>ó· À³È Æ (Åb¿¢ À³I
b£E>ÃÈnɶGÂdȼM(Ä£ÉFÈÆÌaÇQǺ>þ?Ën=ÆHd³Éª(Ŧ
Ä·£«È>º´¶d²Æ *b£E>ó·Í£·i¥>EľÙgÇ×½=fU=dê(>ãÉE
X»¯¶=ÆÌfv=¼Ã£ÉEÀºHÇF=±ÇiÆÌfv=±Çi²>²aH>Vq?
Àº X»¯¶= Æ? (Ìfv= ÁÆnÈ e>RJ¶= x£E ÁDª *> ¼Ã³·º ¼JÈ Á? ¸F®
×Ëd¶=½>£ì¶=ÀºÄ¾ÙgÇ×=dê(>þǣÉFÈ>ÂÇvF¯ÈÁ?¸F®Æ(\Ø«¶=
*Ïf]?aØEÀº¤Ñ>vF·¶ÁÆaeÇJj=Ä·£«È>º´¶d²Æ*ÄvF¯E×Cij·º¼JÈ
Á?¸F®>ãÉFȼM(aØF¶=¼É·jI>ÃɪnÈƤÑ>vF¶=ËnȼÃv£EÁDª
*b£Eij·º¼JÈ >¤ÉEľٽ=fU¤ÉE=dê*>¼Ã³·º¼JÈÁ?¸F®Ë?(¸rI
.5-
¼í·çj¶=¤ÉE
OÈa>UÙ=aÆeǶ(½=fUb£Eij·º¼JÈ>ºÆij·×>º¤ÉE
¹>®(ij·º¼JÈÆ´·¤ÉE¸²¸»nIͺ>¢LÐ>QOÈa>UÙ=Æ *´¶c
6báÉiß ?î ÀE H>çJ£¶ ¹>®Æ *b? Å=Æe µb¿¢ kɶ >º ¤FI × 6½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢
¦Krr]b®Íº>£¶=ͶaÙ=ÅdÂÁ?×C*ÅÇvF¯È>º¤ÉEÀ¢¼Ãþ=
6 U¹>®(Åg>Q?ÆÊÿ¶=Àº¥fn¶=Å>¿NJi=b¯ª¼·j¶=¤ÉE>º? *¼·j¶=¤ÉE
Å=Æe ½Ç·£º ¸Q? C ½Ç·£º ÁgÆÆ ½Ç·£º ¸É² Ê«ª ÐÊm ¬·i? Àº
ð>uÇ¢ ¼·jÈ Á? ÇÂÆ *ο£ºÆ >ð¾gÆ JVJ«E ¬í·j¶= ¼í·j¶=Æ *Ëe>^F¶=
Í£·j¶ð>¿ð×>º¬ò·jÈÁ?Ë?*¸Q?Cͺd¶=ÇqǺzÇ¢=ðfu>U
(¤ÉF¶=ÄEb¯£¿È>b¯£¿È¤ÉF¶=Àº¥Ç¾¼í·j¶=Æ*£º¸QÙÌbºb£E>ÃvF¯È
>º Æfn¶= Àº Äɪ J£ÈÆ (¬í·i?Æ ¼í·i? ¹>¯ÈÆ (¬í·j¶=Æ ¼í·j¶= «·EÆ
*¤ÉF¶=J£È
(ÄɶC ÍQ>U ¼Ã¾Ù (¬É·jJ¶=Æ ¼í·j¶>E l>¿¶= ¸º>£I ÏfQ b®Æ
ͯ«¿¶=CÁÇQ>Je>»N¶=Æ¥Æeh¶=H>Ee?ÁDª(e>RJ¶=ÆUØ«¶=>»Éi×Æ
(¹>»¢?Àºe>»N¶=Æ¥Æeh¶=´·IÄɶCT>J>º=Ç»»Jɶ(>ÃÉ·¢Æ¼Ãj«¾?η¢
¸R£ºÀ»NE>ÃQÆf]¸F®¼Ã·Éq>ÁÇ£ÉFɪ(ľÆbت¹>=¼ÂgÇ£Èb®Æ
¹Ç·Ub¿¢Ën»·¶Í£·j¶==Ç»·jÈÁ?η¢(b¯£¶=k·
ð×>UľÇvF¯È
¸Q? C ¼Âb¿¢ Kjɶ Í¢>vE ÁÇ£ÉFÈ b® e>RJ¶= ÁCÆ *HÆfv= ¸QÙ=
=Ç»·jÈ Á? η¢ b¯£¶= k·
×ð >U À»N¶= ÁÇvF¯ÈÆ (Ä¾Ç¿É£È ½Ç·£º
*HÆfv=¸QÙ=¹Ç·Ub¿¢Í¢>vF¶=
U ¿¶= ½b® 6¹>® l>F¢ ÀE= À£ª Í¿j¶>E KE>M ¼·j¶= g=ÇQÆ
.5.
f ¬·i? Àº 6¹>¯ª J¿j¶=Æ Í¿j¶= e>»N¶= ÁÇ«·jÈ ¼ÂÆ Í¿Èb=
bF¢À¢Æ*¼·jºÅ=Æe½Ç·£º¸Q?C½Ç·£ºÁgÆƽǷ£º¸É²¬·jÉ·ª
¹Çie¤º >§=GÉr¾>¿² 6×>®ÎªÆ?ÊE?ÀE=bF¢ÆÏhE?ÀEÀf¶=
£n¶=Æ Íì¿= ¼Ã«·j¿ª ½>n¶= >F¾? Àº >F¾? >¿ÉI@È Á>³ª U =
6×>®; ¥eg¼À³ÈÆ?¥eg¼Á>²?K·®6¹>®(λjº¸Q?CGÉEh¶=Æ
η¢ ¬·j¾ >¿² >ä¾C 6ÍÈ=ÆeÆ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe ´¶c À¢ ¼@j¾ >¿² >º
CGÉEh¶=Æf»J¶=Æ£n¶=ÆÍì¿=f»¢Æf³EÊE?Æ U =¹Çiebâ
η¢Xu=Ƹɶa>÷²OÈa>UÙ=Ådê *aÆ=aÇE?Å=Æe ¼Âb¿¢ÇÂ>º½Ç®
¶=Ð>ÉmÙ=ÊÂ>ºÆ(¼·j¶=>ÃɪgǶ=Ð>ÉmÙ=ÊÂ>º>º? *¼·j¶=g=ÇQ
¤ÉE¼·j¶=Á?´¶cÆ *¥>×=ÆOÈb=Xu=ÆľDª(¼·j¶=>ÃɪgÇ×
>ÿº¼·j¶= NJi=b®Æ *Á>¢Ç¿>»ÂÆ(ij·º¼JÈ>º¤ÉEÆ(´·×>º
Ëd¶= ÐÊn¶= ÁÇ³È Á? Àº bE × ´¶d¶Æ *Ŧ ¤¿= sr^ª s¿¶>E
gǼ·j¶=Á?btÇr¿¶=C¥ÇQf¶>EÆ*ÄÉ·¢ð>qÇr¿º¼·j¶=ÄɪXrÈ
¹>³È>»ÉªÅg=ÇQ >º? *aÆb£º¸² gÇ>»² ÁgÇÈƹ>³È>º¸²
¬·i?Àߺ 6 U=¹Çie¹>®l>F¢ÀE=OÈbUÀºKFM>»·ªÁgÇÈÆ
Ïf]?ÍÈ=ÆeÆ ½Ç·£º ¸Q? C ½Ç·£º ÁgÆÆ ½Ç·£º À ¬·jÉ·ª f
½Ç·£º¸É²Ê«ªÐÊm¬·i?Àº 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®l>F¢ÀE×
Ëd¶=¹>=Á?η¢¹bÈ=dê *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe ½Ç·£º¸Q?C½Ç·£ºÁgÆÆ
¥>×=b¯£¾=b¯ªaÆb£º¸²Åg=ÇQ>º?Æ*ÁgÇÈƹ>³È>Ádzȼ·jÈ
ÏÆeÆ *ed¿= ÀE= ¥>Ý= =d ¸¯¾ b®Æ (hÑ>Q ½>£ì¶= ¼·j¶= Á? η¢
6¹>®b¶>=ÊE?ÀE=bF¢Æ?b»Ê¾]?6¹>®ÍF£m>¿MbU6¹>®Ëe>^F¶=
ÊE?ÀE=CʾÇN£Fª¬·j¶=ÌafEÇE?Æa>=ÀEa=bmÀE=bF¢¬·J]=
.5/
ÊE?Æ=¹Çiebâη¢¬·j¾>¿²>¾C6¹>¯ªÄJ¶@jªÄ¿¢=ÊueΪÆ?
¼·j¶=Á?η¢¹bÈ=dê*f»J¶=ÆGÉEh¶=Æ£n¶=ÆÍì¿=f»¢Æf³E
°·£Jªð=aÆb£ºÆ?ð>¾ÆgǺÆ?ðØɳºÄ¾Ç²ÀºÇ·×½>£ì¶=Æ *hÑ>Q½>£ì¶=
ÀºÄExF¯¶=°·£J²ab¢Æ?ÁgÆÆ?¸É²Àº½>£ì¶=ÄEeb¯È>º¸³E¼³=
¸É³¶=¸u>«I=cCľDzÀºÄE¸v«¶=>Ee°·£J²Æ(xF®CT>J>ľDz
½>£ì¶=ÁdzÈľDzÀºð>vÈ?¼·j¶=ÄE°·£Jª *>EeÁ>²ab£¶=Æ?ÁgǶ=Æ?
f²dÈÆÁÆgÇ=Ƹɳ=g=ÇQη¢s¾ÄɪOÈb=Æ*=ðab¢Æð>¾gÆÆðØɲ
Øð ]=a aÆb£= ¸£ ½>£ì¶= ¼·j¶= g=ÇQ η¢ ¥>×=Æ *aÆb£=
*¼·j¶=
(Í«r¶= Í{ÇFvº >ÃE ¼·j= Ð>ÉmÙ= ÁdzI Á? Àº bE × Ä¾? ×C
(ʲfI IÆ (Ëb¿Â fÈfUÆ (Ëfrº Àì®Æ (ʾfE fÆ (ʾ=eÇU X»¯²
*É·¶=ÆǷɳ¶>²Æ(Ê®=f¢¸{eÆ(ʺ>m¥>r²ÁgǶ=Æ?¸É³¶=Í{ÇFvºÆ
*ªÇqǺªÆf£ºÁ=hÉ=Ƹɳ¶=ÁdzÈÁ?ÀºbE×Ë?
(ÁgÇÈ >ºÆ ¹>³È >º k¿QÆ (ÄE ¼í·j= k¿Q ͪf£º G >»²Æ
XrÈ Øª *>ðºÇ·£º ¸QÙ= ÁÇ³È Á?Æ (¸QÙ ¤ÉF¶= ÁÇ³È Á? G ´¶d²
¬·i?Àº 6¿¶=¹Ç¯¶¸QÙ=nÈÁ?ÀºbE׸E¹>=¼·j¶=
Á? η¢ ´¶c ¹bª ½Ç·£º ¸Q? C ½Ç·£º ÁgÆÆ (½Ç·£º ¸É² Ê«ª ÐÊm
׸Q?Ķ£ÈÆ(ð×>UÁ>²=cCľ?η¢ *¼·j¶=ÍVqfm¸QÙ=
]@IÆ(uÇ£¶=bU?¸ÉR£IÇÂð>«·iÆð>»·iÄ·£Ëd¶=ÁÙ(>ð«·iλjÈ
C 6 U¿¶=¹Ç¯¶ð>ºÇ·£º¸QÙ=ÁdzÈÁ?ÀºbE×Æ *f]Û=zÇ£¶=
fÃmC¸Nº(¬·J×Ä¿É£EÁ>ºh¶ÁdzÈ>C¸QÙ=É£IÆ *½Ç·£º¸Q?
(ð=N²ð>IÆ>«IÄɪLÆ>«JÈ×OÉ}=d²_Èe>ICÆ?fÃm?ÍJiÆ?Í¿iÆ?
.50
C¼·j¶=ÁdzÈÁ?XrÈ´¶d²Æ *Á>vºeCÆ?(ÎVuÙ=bÉ¢C¸Nº
Ç«£º jɶ= ØJ]×=Æ *¬·J × ½Ç·£º ľ٠¼ÃºÇqÆ Ïe>r¿¶= Xrª
¸QÙ=Æ GÈf¯¶= ¸QÙ= E ±fª × (ÄɶC ¸ÉQ@J¶= XrÈ ¸Q? ¸²Æ (Ä¿¢
½Ç¯¶=\Øìq=GjUÄE¸»£ÈÆ(¹Ç¶bºÄ¶ «¶¸Q?Í»·²Á?×C *bÉ£F¶=
ǸE¸QÙ¤ÉF¶=e>qľ?>ÃɪJ£È×Í¢>j¶=Á?=ÆJ¢=ÁDª*ĶǶbºÎ·¢
Í¿j¶=J£I>»²ðØQ?Í¢>j¶=dÒ¿ÉUJ£IðØQ?>ÂÆJ¢=Á=Æ(¹>=¸ÉF®Àº
*Ø
ð Q?
¬·jÉ·ª 6 UĶǯ¶ð>ºÇ·£ºÀ»N¶=ÁdzÈÁ?ÀºbE×´¶d²Æ
(b¯£¶=k·
ð×>Uð>uÇF¯º×CÀ»N¶=ÁdzÈÁ?gÇ×Æ ½Ç·£ºÀ
ÁÙ *>÷² ͯ«r¶= K·ìE Ä£É À»N¶= xF® ¸F® Á>£È>FJ= ±f«I ÁDª
ð>ÒÉmÊì£ÈÁ?Ç U=¹Çie>ÃE>¿F{>]¶=ÍÉEf£¶=ͧ·¶=¬É·jJ¶=
>º¤ªbÈÀ»ª(b£E>»Éª>Âd]@ÈÍ£·ið>«·ið×>º¤ªbÈÁ?Ë?(ÐÊm
ÁÆaÀ»N¶=x£E¤ªaÇ·ª*¬·jÈÁ@Eb¢Æ>CÆ(ð>ÒÉm¬·jÈľ>ª¬·i?
>»Éª¸ìFÈÆ(xF®>»Éª¼·j¶=XrÈľDªÅfN²?Æ?Ä·®?Á>²?Ð=ÇiÄv£E
aÇQÆ >º? *¼·j¶= ÍVr¶ fm Ën= Àº À»N¶= ¤Ñ>F¶= xF¯ª *xF¯È
b¯¢UbQÇÈ×>»ÉªhÑ>Q¼·j¶>ª*fnEkÉ·ª¤ÉF¶=UÍ£ÉF=Í£·j¶=
ÁÙ *ÐÊmÅb¿¢kɶÀºCÆ(ÐÊmÅb¿¢Àº CÆ(bQÇÈ>»ÉªÆ¼·j¶=
½Ç·£=ÀºÆ *J¿j¶=ÆÍ¿j¶=e>»N¶=ÁÇ»·jÈ=Ǿ>²Í¿Èb=½b®U¿¶=
¸E (J¿j¶=Æ Í¿j¶= À¢ ¼ÃÃ¿È ¹Çif¶=Æ *Ìb= Åd ίFI × e>»N¶= Á?
J£IÍ¿É£ºÌbºb£E¼·jI¤·iÀ¤ªbÈÁ?gÇÄÉ·¢Æ *´¶cη¢¼Âf®?
ÁdzÈ×Á?nÈľ?×C *À³I½?ÌaÇQǺͣ·j¶=K¾>²?Ð=ÇiðØQ?
b¿¢ ±Çj¶=f£i GjUÀ»N¶=ÁdzÈÁ? G ¸E(oU>ª¦À»N¶=
.51
¼·j¶=ÁÙ´¶cÆ(Í£·j¶=½ØJi=b¿¢×(¸QÖ=¸QÙ=¸Nº¤ÉF¶=b¯¢
ľ?>»³ª *¼·j¶=¤ÉEÄɪ¸]bɪ(Ä·²¤ÉF¶=½=fUoU>«¶=§¶=Æ(¤ÉE
gÇ×´¶d²(oU>ª§E¸QÖºÀ»NExF¯¶=Í·R£ºÍ£·i¤ÉFIÁ?½f
§¶=Æ *oU>ª §E xF¯¶= ¸R£º À»NE xF¯¶= Í·QÖº Í£·i ¤ÉFI Á?
(¤ÉF¶=§¶=¼³V²Ä»³UÁ>²¼·j¶=¦fÃ=cCÆ *½=fU¼·j¶=
d]@È Á? Ķ kÉ¶Æ (Å>vº? Ð>m ÁCÆ (¤ÉF¶= _jª Ð>m ÁC e>É= ÁÇF§»·¶
e>É==dÂÁ?×C *ÄEK£ÉEËd¶=À»N¶=EÆʯɯ=Í£·j¶=ÀE±f«¶=
Á>r¯¿¶=Æ?Ìa>Èh¶=ʾ>N¶=Æ(b¯£¶=K®Æ¼·£¶=½b¢>»ÂbU?{fnEKFNÈ
(e>RJ¶=fÈb¯JEeb¯ÈoU>«¶=§¶=Æ*>»Ã·Nl>¿¶=ÀE>§JÈ×ÀÈd·¶=oU>«¶=
*ت×>ºÆ(ð>¿F¦ÁdzÈð>¿F¦Ä¾ÆJ£È>»ª
.52
>Çq?η¢ÊÂÆe>»N¶=¤ÉE
ÊÂÆe>»N¶=Á>»u>ÃE¸º>£J¶=η¢l>¿¶=Tea¶=Lغ>£=Àº
Á>»uÆ Ì@N¯=Æ (ÁÇJÈh¶= Á>»uÆ (L>Év»= Á>»v² (>ÂfRm η¢
½f² À»vÈ Àº l>¿¶= À»ª *´¶c ¸²>m >ºÆ (¸É^¿¶= Á>»uÆ (½Æf³¶=
¸²@ÈÆÍ¿i¸²ÄEο£ÈÆÄ«¯NÈÆÄMfVɪ(fN²?Æ?PØMÆ?J¿j¶ÁÇJÈh¶=
¸²f»NÈ×ðØNºÁÇJÈh¶=Á?Í¿iÀºfN²ÙÁ>»v¶==dÂH>Fi?ÀºÆ *Åf
´¶cÆ *Ø ð É·®ð=fÏf]?Í¿iÆð=bÉQð=fÍ¿ið>F¶>¦f»NȸE(ð=bÉQð=fÍ¿i
T>Jð=bÉQð=ff»NÈÎJUÇÂÆ *Ïf]?ð=fÆÍ¿ið>¾>r¦?Ê»¿ÈľÙ
L=Ç¿iÌb£¶À»vÈËd¶=Åd]@ɪ(GÈdnIƬɯNIÆPfUÀºÍÈ>¿¢C
*=ðN²Æð=bÉQð=fÊì£ÈʲÍɪ>²Íºb]ÄJºb]ÆÄEÍÈ>¿£¶=ÀºÀ³»JÈÎJU
ÀºÆ*fRn¶=ÀºÄ·²>m>ºÆÁǻɷ¶=ËfÁÇJÈh¶=´¶cËf>»²Æ
(ÌbU=ÆÍ¿j¶Ì@N¯=À»vÈ>»²G¿£¶=ÆÁǻɷ¶=ÆÁÇJÈh¶=À»vÈÀºl>¿¶=
=dÂÁ>²=cC>»¢f¿¶=x§EfÀºfRn¶=η¢>ºfÈb¯JEľ>»ueb¯Éª
ÇÂÆf»N·¶Ð=fmÇÂOÉUÀºÁ>»v¶=Æ*>ðÒÈaeÆ?ð=bÉQð=N²Æ?ðØÉ·®f»N¶=
Æ? PØM Æ? J¿j¶ fRn¶= f Ð=fm Æ? (fRn¶= Ð=fm ÁÆa fRn¶= η¢
ľ٠(½Æb£º f»N¶ Ð=fm Çê fN²= Æ? J¿j¶ fRn¶= Á>»u >º? *fN²?
(½=fUef§¶=¤ÉEÆ*ef§¶=¤ÉEH>EÀºÇÂÆgÇ×½Æb£=¤ÉEÆ*b£EbQÇÈ
Ì>r= ¤ÉE À¢ U = ¹Çie Îþ 6¹>®ÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢¼·jºÏÆe>
aÇ£jºÀE=À¢b?ÏÆe>(¹ÇÃ=¤ÉEÇÂef§¶=¤ÉEÆ*ef§¶=¤ÉEÀ¢Æ
f ¤ÉE Ádzɪ ef¦ ľDª Ð>= ´»j¶= =ÆnI × 6¹>® U ¿¶= Á?
fRn¶=f¤ÉEÁ?η¢ *ef§¶=¥=Ǿ?Àº¥Ç¾Ä¾ÙhÑ>Q¦¿j¶fRn¶=
.53
´¶c±ÇªÆ *gÇ×ÇÂƵb¿¢kɶ>º¤ÉEÇÂfN²?Æ?PØMÆ?J¿j¶
¼·ifN²?Æ?PØMÆ?J¿j¶fRn¶=f¤ÉEÇÂƤÉF¶=Àº¥Ç¿¶==dÂÁDª
f¤ÉFª=dÂ>º?Æ(£º¦f¤ÉEÇÂhÑ>=¼·j¶=cC*gÇتĿ¢Êÿº
b¯ª *£ºfRme>¼·j¶=À¢ U=¹ÇieÎþb®Æ£ºfRm
¼Â>ÿª>þ>É¢@E¸É^¿¶=e>ÁÇ»·jÈU¿¶=½b®UÍ¿Èb==Ǿ>²
Àº Áǻɷ¶=Æ ÁÇJÈh¶= ÁÇ¿»vÈ ÀÈd¶= Ä·£«È >º ÁDª =d η¢Æ *´¶c À¢
¥fn¶=aeƶ=¥ÇÉF¶=ÀºÇÂÆ(½=fUPØMÆ?J¿iÌbfRn¶=fÐ=fm
*>ÿ¢Êÿ¶=ð>fq
>ÃÃE>m >ºÆ Ì@N¯= Á>»uÆ (f»N¶= fÂ> fRm f»N¶ Á>»v¶= >º?Æ
ľ٠*µb¿¢ kɶ >º ¤ÉE ¸]bÈ Øª fRn¶= η¢ aÇQǺ f ¤ÉE ľDª
¤ÉE ľ٠*>þ>É¢@E ¸É e> η¢ ¼·j¶= ¸]bÈ ×Æ *Ä£Ñ>E b¿¢ aÇQǺ
PØMÆ?J¿j¶Á>»v¶=¼³UÀ¢Ä»³U¬·J´¶d¶Æ*¼·jEkɶƹ>U
η¢aÇQÇ=f»N¶=Ð=fmË?Á>»v¶==dÂÊ¢fn¶=¼³=Æ *fN²?Æ?
=bEÁ>²ÁDªf»N·¶Äɪf¿Èľ?´¶cÆ*¸Ér«IÄɪÅfRmη¢ÇÂÆfRn¶=
f»N¶=¤ÉEgÇË?Á>»v¶=gÇľDªÄ¿º¸²Ù=À³e>qË?(ÄUØq
½>£{Ý>E?bFÈÁ>²Á@E(b£EÄUØqbFÈf»N¶= Á>²ÁCÆ *Ͷ>=ÅdÂ
Îþ 6¹>®Ä¿¢=ÊuefE>QÀ¢¼·jºÏÆe>´¶cÆ *Ä£ÉEgÇت
6¹>® ľ? >ðvÈ? Ä¿¢ ÏÆe >Æ GÉìÈ ÎJU f»N¶= ¤ÉE À¢ U = ¹Çie
Ä¿¢ÏÆe>Æ ÄUØqÆbFÈÎJUf»N¶=¤ÉEÀ¢Æ *** U =¹ÇieÎþ
¸É®(X¯nIÎJUÌf»N¶=¥>FIÁ?À¢U¿¶=Îþ 6¹>®Ä¾?ð>vÈ?Ëe>^F¶=
k¾?À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆe>Æ *>ÿº¸²ÖÈÆe>«rIÆe>»6¹>®(X¯nI>º
À¢Æ(>ÃUØqÆbFÈÎJUÌf»N¶=¤ÉEÀ¢Îþľ? 6 U¿¶=À¢´¶>ºÀE=
.54
« : :
:
! "#%$
&
'( )* +, » :
0 1-&
' 2 3 : ! .-.
: "#%$
«4 567
849
«;<=> '?=
+, @
AB 7=
&
'( )* +,» :
=C
)*
'( )* +,» :! "!#$ %
&' () *+ %,- +!/ 0123 45+6 .«DE
)9 F=
8;9 &' () <= > ?! 0123 45@ ABC D#)6 .7 89
.+2E- FG &' () <= ?! +$+C D# .+2E-
8 )! DH/ 4I +J 5 KL M N6 OF ?!
."PB
Q FG <R S "PB
G <R OF TU
0123 $ "+ +$PVG @ ' WEX /
() *+ &1 0123 Y)9D $ ZN6 .OF &1
02 *6 .T[ & +)6 \1 ]
^ +2E- 89 &'
:_Z
02 «GH
» :1 «
AB 7=
» :1 =
.11
4 «7<I
GJ '( )* KLC
GE
'( )* +,»
» :c 02 «MI%
» :` ab 02
@ 2 dP$ ?! &6D$ 0123 45@ ()e N6 OF ?! .«5EH
g!Dh +)6 >PVi j
' (9 kG l ."PB[
[ f2
$ +)! )6
@J
n)o[ ] n)oD "PB
$ +6 .' mEDa
$ +$ +!/p $ q=3 rP sD t!/ 7 ?!
u1G %PX v)B/ s6P $ )G l
)!wD 7 $ sD
Ìf C ÌfÂh¶= ¹Ç ÐbFE ½>£{Ý= Ä¿º FJÈ >º >ÿºÆ *Sv¿¶>E ľǶ §I
f»N¶=¸²\Ør¶=ÆbEÀºa=f>ª=dÂη¢Æ*>ÃÃE>m>ºÆÐ>N¯¶=Æe>É>²
ľ?l>F¢ÀE=À¢¼·jºÅ=Æe>º´¶cη¢¹bÈÆ(¸²Ú¶>ÃJÉUØqÆbEÇÂ
>»² ¸²ÖÈ Æ? Ä¿º ¸²@È ÎJU ¸^¿¶= ¤ÉE À¢ U = ¹Çie Îþ 6¹>®
=d ÀºÆ *GÉìÈ ÎJU 6fE>Q ÍÈ=eÆ Àº ÍÉ·¢ °«J= OÈb= ÄÉ·¢ ¹bÈ
afRÌ@N¯=Á>»ug=ÇQË?(>÷²>m>ºÆe>É=ÆÐ>N¯¶=f¤ÉEg=ÇQFJÈ
ÏfnJª Ìe>É] C ÌfÂh¶= ¹ÇVJI ?bFI Á? afR Ë? (Ìf Êì£I ?bFI Á?
Á?¸F®Í¶>=Åd Ìf»N¶=ÏfnIË?fÂhIÁ?¸F®ÆÌfÂgÊÂÆÌf»N¶=
ÁÙ(½Æb£=¤ÉEH>EÀº=dÂkÉ¶Æ *>ÿºÐÊmaÇQÆÐ=bJE=afRbQÇI
¤ÉÀ¢Ä·²Ì@N¯=f¥>Fɪ(ÌbU=ÆÌfºbQÇÈ×Æð>¯UØJºÊI@È>Âf
f»N¶=\ØqÆbFÈÁ?E±fª×cC *b£EbQÇÈ >ºÆbQÆ>º>ÃǺ
EÆ(t>QÙ>²ÁÇ·¶=§JEÆ?(G¿£¶>²a=aÇi×>EÆ?(X·F¶>²e=f×>E
Á?×C *Åe>CÆf]Û=Äv£Ee>Âg?°UØIÆÄv£EeÇÃEÄUØqÆbFÈÁ?
ت(´¶cÄɪgÇ×_ÉìF¶>²ð=e>?Åe>Âg?¹ÇÐbEJ£È×Ëd¶=f»N¶=
Sv¿¶=Äɪ?bFÈÁ?¸F®fR¢ÇÂÆJ¶=¤ÉE×ÆfÂgÇÂÆgÇ·¶=¤ÉEgÇ
η¢ÇÂÆf»N¶=¤ÉEÁÙ(fRn¶=Á>»uË?fRn¶=η¢ÇÂÆÄ£ÉEa=f=Æ
*Ìf»N¶=Sv¾ÐbEη¢¹bÈ>ºeÇÃEË?(ÄUØqÆbFÈÁ@EbɯºfRn¶=
=d ÁDª Ìf¸² \ØqÆbEÌf»N¶= \ØqÆbEÀºa=f=kɶÆ
a=f=kɶÆ*°UØJȼML>FUL>FUÆ?ÍFUÍFUSv¿Èf»N¶=cC(¸ÉVJjº
¸E(I>jF¶=¤É\ØqÆbE×ÆÌbUη¢Á>JjE¸²\Ør¶=ÆbE
>â=Ǿ? ¬·J ÁC Ìf»N¶= k¿Q \Øq ÆbE >ÃUØq ÆbE Àº a=f=
Sv¿¶>E>â=Ǿ?¬·JK¾>²ÁC>âǾ\ØqÆbEÆ?(ÁÇJÈh¶>²Sv¿¶>E
/,,
¤ÉEgÇRɪÁ>JjE¸^¿¶=fx£E\Øq=bE=cCðØN»ª *G¿£¶=ÆJ¶>²
x£E\>«J¶=Àº¥Ç¾\Øq=bE=cCÆ *I>jF¶=¤ÉÄ·²¸^¿¶=f
\Øq=bE=cCÆ*I>jF¶=¤É\>«J¶=Àº¥Ç¿¶=´¶c¤ÉEgÇRɪfRn¶=
*I>jF¶=¤ÉÁÇJÈh¶=Á>»ugÇľDªÁ>JjEÀºL=RmÁÇJÈh¶=
xÉFÈÎJU¸F¿j¶=À¢ÆÇÂhÈÎJU¸^¿¶=¤ÉEÀ¢Îþ 6¹Ç¯ÈOÈb=ÁÙ
ÎJUG=¤ÉEÀ¢Æ(aÇjÈÎJUG¿£¶=¤ÉEÀ¢Îþ 6¹Ç¯ÈÆÍÂ>£¶=Àº@ÈÆ
ÎJUG=¹>¯ªÄ¿É£E¥Ç¾¸²ÆÄ¿É£Ek¿Q¸²Ìf¼³UFªbJnÈ
k¿Q¸²\ØqÆbFE°·£Jº¼³>ª*aÇjÈÎJUaÇiÙ=G¿£¶=Æ(bJnÈ
*¥=ǾÙ=Ê®>EÀ¢f¿¶=x§E¥Ç¾¸²Æ(l>¿QÙ=Ê®>EÀ¢f¿¶=frE
bU=Ƕ=¥Ç¿¶=ÆbU=Ƕ=k¿=OÈb=Ìae=Ƕ=\Ør¶=ÆbEÍ»·²Æ
ľ?η¢¹bÈf»N¶=¤®=ÆÁ?η¢ ÌÆØ¢(¸®>»Ãº f»N¶=x£E ±brI
*°UØJÈ
ÍÈ? Ìf ¤ÉE Ë? (ÌfRm ÍÈ? Á>»u gÇ × Ä¾? FJÈ ´¶c ÀºÆ
#[OU XT @6>£IĶǮ>º?Æ*Ìf»N¶=\ØqË?(>ÃUØqÆbE¸F®ÌfRm
aeÆ>º¦¹ØUľ@EÄrrOÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÀ³¶Æ½>¢Çê > \ÌÙkWÙ
*¥ÇÉF¶=ÀºÄ¿¢Êÿ¶=
ͯ·ìº LÐ>Q ÄUØq ÆbE ¸F® fRn¶= η¢ f»N¶= ¤ÉE ͺfUÆ
ľ?¦*½=fUÇêfnȽ?(¤ì¯¶=fmÐ=Çjª(Ìbɯº¦Êê´¶d¶Æ
ľ٠bi>ª fn¶>ª f»N¶= TÇv¾ ¸F® ¤ì¯¶= Ën= η¢ ¤Ñ>F¶= fm =cC
(f¿ÈľDªSv¿¶=K®ÆÀ¢¤ì¯¶=Ën=f]?=cCÆ *b¯£¶=ÎvJ¯º>¿È
¼iÇ e>ÂgÝ= fMÖÈ Ä¾Dª ¹>¯I¶>² ]@J¶= Àº ¤Ñ>F¶= efvJÈ Á>² ÁDª
Á>²ÁCÆ*Sv¿¶=b¿¢¤ì¯¶=η¢Ën=¹>=ÅdÂÊ«ª(Íɾ>N¶=Í¿j¶=
/,-
¤ÉE=cCÄ·²=d *´¶cη¢×ľDªÁÇJÈh¶=ÆJ¶>²efvJÈ×fRn¶=
EÄɪ±f«ÈľDªð>£ºf»N¶=ÆfRn¶=¤ÉE=cC>º? *fRn¶=ÁÆaÅbUÆf»N¶=
¸^¿·¶ð>£FIf»N¶=¸]bÈÆÄÉ·¢ÅfÆÄ£ÉEgÇľDª¸^¿¶=>º? *ŦƸ^¿¶=
¸^¿¶=E@IÏfQ=cC>º?Æ *b£EfEÖȸ^¿¶=Á>²=cCÅf²d¶ÍQ>UÁÆa
f²c=cC×C¸^¿¶=¤º¤ÉF¶=¸]bÈ×f»N¶=ÁDª(¸^¿¶=fRm¤ÉE¼M
ʯFÈÁ?¤Ñ>F·¶Æ*Ën»·¶¸^¿¶=ƤÑ>F·¶f»N¶=ʯEf²dÈ=cDª*¤ÉF¶=b¯¢
*ij·º ľ٠(ÄUØq ÆbFÈ Á? b£E Ä£ÉFÈ Æ? Ç īì¯Éª Sv¿È ÎJU f»N¶=
Á?b£EðØ¥>JE=Àº 6¹>®U¿¶=Á?f»¢ÀE=À¢¼·jºÏÆe>´¶cÆ
Ìa>F¢À¢b?ÏÆe>Æ *¥>JF=nÈÁ?×C(>â>EËd·¶>ÃIf»NªfEÖI
nÈ Á? ×C >ÂfE? À ¸^¿¶= f Á? Îv® U ¿¶= Á? 6Kº>r¶= ÀE=
ÌfEÖºÌf>ÃÉ·¢ÆðØ¥>EÀºÁ?η¢OÈb=±Ç쿹bJjɪ¥>JF=
η¢ÄºÇë¹bJjÈÆ *¤Ñ>F¶=´·ºÎ·¢f»JjI¸E(¤ÉF¶=Ìf»N¶=¸]bI
½Çë>Ea=f=Æ *Ën»·¶ÁdzIƤÉF¶=¸]bIÌfEÖº¦K¾>²=cC>þ?
½Çë= =dÃE d]Ù= ¼JVJÈÆ *fn¶= ½Çëº >¿Â ÇÂÆ (Í«¶>^= ½Çëº >¿Â
ÌbÑ>ª×ð=ǧ¶fn¶>EÅbÉɯIÁ>³¶fEÖ=¼³UfEÖ=¦¼³UÁ>²Ç¶Ä¾Ù
*Ķ ¤E>I ¦ E@J¶= b£EÆ (¸^¿·¶ ¤E>I E@J¶= ¸F® ¸^¿¶= f»Nª ÄÉ·¢Æ *Ä¿º
ÄÉ·¢l>¯È×Æ*¸^¿¶>Et>]=dÂÆ*ÄUØqÆbFÈÎJUÄ£ÉEgÇ×Ä¿³¶Æ
Kjɶ >þ? ×C >ð«qÆ K¾>² ÁCÆ Í»·³¶=Æ *£º ¸»¢ E@J¶= ÁÙ (Ŧ
½b£¶ ÄÉ·¢ l>¯È × ´¶d¶Æ (¸É·£J¶= À»vJÈ Øª ¼³= Í·£¶ >ð»Ã«º >ð«qÆ
Á?η¢*ÄÉ·¢l>¯È>»¢×ÆÄ¿¢¥f«JÈ׾Ù(ÄE°V·È×Æ(ÍÉ·£¶=aÇQÆ
*fEÖÈ =cC ¸» × ¸^¿¶=Æ *Ŧ ÁÇ³È ×Æ ¸^¿¶>E t>] E@J¶=
¤·{Àº>ÃɪedɶÎN¾Ù=Í·^¿¶=¤·{°mÅ>¿£ºÆXɯ·J¶=ưɯnJ¶=E@J¶=Æ
/,.
!" #$ % &' () .
* + ' ,
-/ 01) 2 034 #5 67
8')
/ #5 , 9 : #; <= &' ( - > %) /
, G
=$) . > ,3? @A'B C D
E D
F -,3?
!" #! . ' H ) :A /I @J DK) L
) / D
<) -:M 01) LD ,N J
( O
P
@
.
8' () ' J ,
@IQ #
:
W1 LD LR * QS' TU 6V
!K 5)
XDK) :
W1 LD .KJI )D
D
XW1) -KJI )D
,A
( 6V @
B Y K #!' #5 % Z [ \3 KJI )D
,A
9 ' H ) A : :A 9 ,QD' :
) . :
B 0R '
:
9 ,QD' 6V :^ * , O] #U <= [) .D
( TU KJI D
=$ 5) .KJI DA' H =$ @
B #!') 6V
)D
D
:
W1 [ D _'0K; 0) .X
($ ,QD'
Y K W`) -X
($ ,QD' J :
B O] T5 a' %) -KJI
b' cd1 F e
=$ 6V #5 ($ .XDK) 6V :
) XDK)
D =$ :fA [ d
C ( TU /fM * 8f1 cd1 =$ g5 -ch )5
lJm ." X% 9 gV4 * d
C jK [ kT 0' H) .:A i
% g5 n8fM * 8f1
I5 =U 6V [ e
=$
.%
I5 *q * &op ' #5 :fA [ \` TU n% *
» :& r &s #5
1 * 1 *
t) 4
« !"
#$%&
L>ªÛ= L>ªÛ>E a=f=Æ (>ó·ÃJª e>»N¶= GÉrI ¶= ͪÛ= ÍVÑ>>E a=f=Æ
¦ ÍFÉr= K¾>² =cC >º?Æ *V¯¶=Æ \>ÈeÙ=Æ o죶=Æ a¶>² ÍÈÆ>»j¶=
¸²>m >ºÆ Gÿ¶=Æ Í®fj¶>²Æ (ʯj¶= ͶA H=f] Àº o죶>² ÍÈÆ>
¸]bÈ × cC >ðÒÉm Ë[n= À¢ ¤Ñ>F¶= [ ×Æ (ÍVÑ>Q J[£È ت (´¶c
*OÈb=¹Ç¶bºK
/,0
Éj¯J¶>EÆÀáÈb¶>E¤ÉF¶=
*ÍQ>ºÀE=Æb?Å=Æeôz=fIÀ¢¤ÉF¶=>C 6 U=¹Çie¹>®
>ãÉE À¢ ¤¿J Á? Ä¶Æ (Å>ufÈ Ëd¶= f£j¶>E >ãÉFÈ Á? Í£·j¶= GU>r¶Æ
(¿ÄJ£·j¶¸£Á?Í£·j¶=GU>r¶gÇ=dÆ *Å>ufÈ×Ëd¶=f£j¶>E
*¹>QA Ìb£¶ Éj¯J¶>E >ð¿ Æ? (ð>¿É£º =ðbU=Æ Ø
ð Q? Ø
ð QÖº >ð¿Æ (ð×>U >ð¿
Á?gÇÆ(Ð=fn¶=¸F¯È¿»N¶=Ë@EËn=¤Ñ>F¶=½Æ>jÈÁ?gÇ´¶d¶Æ
η¢ ͺÆ>jº >÷² ÅdÂÆ *¤ÉF¶= ¸F¯È ¿»N¶= Ë@E ¤Ñ>F¶= Ën= ½Æ>jÈ
f£j¶>EËn=¤Ñ>F¶=¥>EÆ(£ºf£iη¢>¯«I==cDª(ð>£ÉEKjɶÆÀ»N¶=
´¶c ÁDª (Ën= ¸F¯ª ¸QÖ= f£j¶>E Ä¢>E Æ? (Ën= ¸F¯ª ¹>=
¹Çif¶=ÁDª(ÌhÑ>QͺÆ>j=Æ*>ð£ÉEKjɶƤÉF¶=η¢ÍºÆ>jºÄ¾Ù(XÉVq
ð>Ub® ¥>E U ¿¶=Á? 6´¶>ºÀEk¾?À¢b?ÏÆeb¯ª *½Æ>i U
b¯ª *½Æ>i U¿¶=Á?KFMÆ *ͺÆ>jºÌbÈ=h=¤ÉEÆ bÈhÈÀºð>j·UÆ
Àºð=hEËbF£¶=ͺfÆ>¾?KF·Q 6¹>®kÉ®ÀEbÈÇiÀ¢ÍQ>ºÀE=ÏÆe
Ð>ÃJ¾=b£E>º?Æ*Å>¿£Fª¸ÈÆ=fi>¿ºÆ>jªÊnU=¹Çie>¾Ð>Rª(fRÂ
Xrª¤ÉF·¶£ºbU=ÆÀη¢£È>FJ=Êu=E¤ÉF¶=b¯£¾=b¯ªÍºÆ>j=
Ð=fQC¼M(ðØQÖºÆ?ðØR£ºÍ£·j¶=Àη¢ÍºÆ>j=K¾>²=cC=d *¤ÉF¶=
¿»NEÄJ£·i¤ÉFÈÁ?¤Ñ>F·¶gÇ´¶d²Æ(ð=af«¿ºð>¿É£Jº>»ÂbU?η¢b¯£¶=
ð=b¯¾Í£·j¶=Åd´J£Ef]Ûs^m¹>®Ç·ª *ÍÒÉj¾f]Û=Æð=b¯¾>»ÂbU?
ð=b¯¾>ÃJÈm=¹>®Æ?(ÍÒÉj¾JjE>ÃJÈm=Ķ¹>¯ªJjEÍÒÉj¾Æj»~
JjE ÍÒÉj¾ Í£·j¶= Åd ´J£E Ķ ¹>® Ƕ ´¶d²Æ *¤ÉF¶= Xq (j»~
Ën=¹>¯ª(À»N¶=¤ªa]@I¸QÙð=b¯¾Ê·qÙ=>ÿη¢Ìfn¢Ìa>ÈhE
/,1
ÁÇMØM>ÿͣ·j¶=ÅdÂ6Ķ¹>®Ç¶Æ?H>EÀºÆ *>ðvÈ?¤ÉF¶=XqK·F®
>ÃJÈm= ¹>® Æ? (ð=b¯¾ MØNE >ÃJÈm= ¹>¯ª (ÍÒÉj¾ ÁÇ£Ee? >Ã¿Æ (ð=b¯¾
ľÙ(¤ÉF¶=Xq(´¶ÊÂÆ?(>Âd]Æ?´J£E¤Ñ>F¶=¹>¯ª(ÍÒÉj¾£Ee@E
>º? *bU=Æ À η¢ ¤ÉF¶=Æ ¿ η¢ ͺÆ>j= K·rU ]Ù= ¹>N= =dÂ
¸£Q ¤ÉF¶= b¯¢ g>Q >CÆ *¿ η¢ ¤ÉF¶= ¸rU b¯ª ÆÙ= Í·NºÙ>E
(ð>¿ÈaÍÒÉj¾ÀÆð=b¯¾ÀË?(¸QÖºÀÆ(¹>UÀ(ÌbU=Ƕ=Í£·j·¶¿
=dÂÆ > \ÌÙkWÙ #[OU XT @6>£I¹>®¤ÉF¶=g=ÇQÌae=Ƕ=ͶaÙ=½Ç»£¶
ef§¶= ¤ÉF² ¤ÉF¶= Àº £º ¥Ç¾ ¼Èf η¢ Ê¢fm s¾ afÈ >»ª *½>¢
6>£IĶǮ½Ç»£ª *×ð ØU¤ÉF¶=ÁdzÈľDª(Äfs¾aeÆËd¶=(ðØNº
¶=¥=ǾÙ=×C¹ØU>þ?¤ÉF¶=¥=Ǿ?¤É¸»nÈ > \ÌÙkWÙ #[OU XT @
afÈÆ*½Ç»£¶=ÀºÌ>¿NJjºs¿¶>Eð>º=fUXFrI>þDª(>Ãfs¾aeÆ
ð×ØU Ádzɪ (¸QÖº ÀÆ ¸R£º À *Í£·j·¶ ¿ ¸£Q ¼Èf s¾
z=fI À¢ ¤ÉF¶= >C 6 U ¹>® b¯ª >ðvÈ?Æ *ÍÈÛ= ½Ç»¢ Àº =ðd]?
η¢Ð>﫶=ÌfÃs¾b®Æ*>»Â>ufE¤ÉF¶=Æe>É>E>¾>²>¿ÂÁ>£È>FJ=Æ
¤ªa]@I¸QÙË?(Ð>jß¿¶=¸QÙĺÇÈf£iÀºfN²@EÐÊn¶=¤ÉEgÇľ?
6¹Ç¯È Á@E l@E × =Ƕ>® ¼Ã¾? a>Æ ¼³=Æ lÆÆ>{ À¢ ËÆeÆ *À»N¶=
Ê·¢ ¹>® b®Æ *>»ÂbU? η¢ GÂdɪ (=d³E ÍÒÉj¿¶>EÆ =d³E b¯¿¶>E ´£ÉE?
¼äjÉ·ª (Ìf¾ f]Û=Æ (¸Q>¢ >»ÂbU? ¿»NE ½Æ>i Àº 6Ä¿¢ = Êue
Í£·j·¶ ¿ η¢ ͺÆ>j= Á? FJÈ ´¶c ÀºÆ *ͯ«r¶= ¸F® >»ÂbU?
=d η¢ ¤ÉF¶=Æ (ÌhÑ>Q >»Â>ufE >»ÂbU? η¢ b¯£¶= Ð=fQC ¼M ÌbU=Ƕ=
Ën=¹ÇF®Æ(¿Î·¢b¯£¶=H>CÐ=fQCÁ?FJÈ>»²*XÉVqÄQǶ=
½Ç»£¶hÑ>Q´¶d²Çê(ð>º>Ið>¿ÉÉ£Ið>¿É£ºÆð=fÂ>ð>¿ÉÉFIð>¿ÉFº¿»N¶=bU@E
/,2
: ! " " .
# $% & '
(") «
»
01 2 34 + ! 2 354 :* %$ +,- / %
+ <=$ > ?) .35
4 9&67 + 8 97 + ;4
% # "@5& +"A % 8 97 + ' B % 2 354 ' B
) E1,7 F& @G H"$C I?
( J .C D > ?) /
.K"
"L/ * % M
N O"DP F& >
» :*"B Q * R + 4 ! " "
H/ R # +"4 F=S + !"
+T) «
!"#
F&U$ @G ) F& * /
V F& WX @G4 R '$ +,4
K"
N Y N Z5$ 2 @Y( @G H"$C 1[ F& WX @G \"
R '$ H/ R # M54 '"4 B + ;) 1[ F& $C
F& WX @G ) F&,7 ]^$ V Y 25_( 25_) M @G4
2 @Y F& WX G- @G4 1[ K"4 Y '$ \" F%) M
2 "@?Y- ') 4 # +"54 '"G ?) .F& `Y
$ @G $6$
EYe7 # +aR 4>
Y bc # d"& B .* @G "@?=%
F& hFi/ "@) ?c WX ^
/ 6eB # K"
$ 'eY$ + :f$g
"=) $6e%4 $?c WX kI 3 2 6e% 94 :*"B ^
g"4 '"j
WX E) * F1 B l"G + 4 # M54 3m
' ?e 'B ^
+T) f$g EYe7 # FB "@? .* "@?Y-
/ 4 % # 4 2% * =/ 2 4 # M54 * =/ M$
°Fì¿Èت(¿Î·¢bU=Æb¯¢ÇÂ×Æ(b¯¢¿ÇÂkɶÆ
ÀÈb¯¢ ¹ÇrU Ä¿¢ Êÿ>ª *ÀÈb¶>E ¤ÉF¶= η¢ ×Æ (Éj¯J¶= ¤ÉE η¢
Æ? bU=Æ b¯¢ ÁØr ¤ÉE Ëb¯¢ ¸² η¢ °Fì¿È ÇÂÆ (bU=Æ b¯¢
*>ÂeÇqLab£I>»ÃºÍ¶>=Åd¦η¢°Fì¿È×Æ(ÌbU=Æͯ«q
Á?η¢¬¶@EËe=a´J£Ef]ܶ£E>J=bU?¹>®Ç¶Ä¾?¸q>=Æ
تÁ>£ÉEÄɪ¸rUbU=ƤÉEb¯¢=dÂÁDªK·F®¹Ç¯Éª(¬¶@Eµe=a£ÉFI
Ç¶Æ *ͯ«qJ¯«qÀ¢Æ(Í£ÉEJ£ÉEÀ¢Îþ U¿¶=ÁÙ(gÇ
(ͯ«q Á>J¯«q =d ÁDª (´J¿E QÆhI Á? η¢ Ëe=a ´J£E Ķ ¹>®
ÎþU¿¶=ÁÙ(gÇ×ÇÂÆ(bU=Æb¯¢(T=Ægͯ«qÆ(¤ÉEͯ«q
¹>®¼MK·F®¹>¯ª¬¶@Ee=b¶=Åd´J£EĶ¹>®Ç¶Æ*ͯ«qJ¯«qÀ¢
C>Ãj«¾e=b¶=Ä¢>E¼MÀ»N¶=´É·¢bÈg?¹>¯ªÀ»N¶=¤ªb¶ð=fÃm·Q?Ķ
¸rUľÙ(gÇ׾Dª¤ÉF·¶ÊËd¶=Ê·qÙ=À»N¶=ÀºbÈg?À»NE¸Q?
bÈg?>»ÂbU?ÆbU=Æb¯¢Æ?ÌbU=ÆÍ£·iÆ?ÌbU=ÆÍ£ÉEÁ>J£ÉE
(¸®Ù=À»N¶=ǽh·ÈËd¶=À³¶Æ(¤ÉF¶=Xq¹>=ÅdÂÊ«ª(f]Û=Àº
J£ÉE¥>EÀº 6¹Ç¯ÈU¹Çif¶=ÁÙ(>EeÁ>²fN²Ù=À»N¶=d]?Á=Æ
6Ä·ª 6Ķǯª *>Ee ÁÇ³È Æ? >»Ãr¯¾? Ë? >Ef¶= Æ? >»Ãj²Æ? Ä·ª Í£ÉE
¼³= ÁDª (¸®Ù= À»N¶= ½Æh¶Æ (¤ÉF¶= ÍVq η¢ ¹bÈ >»Ãj²Æ?
*¤ÉF¶=ÍVq½h·JjÈk²ÆÙ>E
£ºÀ(¿»NE¤·i¤ÉEÀºe>RJ¶=Ä·£«È>ºÁ?FJÈ´¶cÀºÆ
¼³=Æ (hÑ>Q ¤ÉE =d ÁDª (ð>ìÉj¯I ¤ªa =cC bÈg? ÀÆ (ð=b¯¾ ¤ªa =cC
Àº I>jF¶= H>Vq?Æ UØ«¶= x£E Ä·£«È >ºÆ (hÑ>Q ľ? Äɪ Ê¢fn¶=
TÆf] C Ø ð QÖº >ÿ ¤ªa =m=Æ Í¶A Æ? ÍE=a Æ? H>ÉM Æ? X»® Ð=fm
/,4
ÁDª(¼iÇ»·¶¤ªb¶=¸ÉQ@I¸E>¯ºÊ¶>=>ÿÀ¢À»N¶=¼ÃÉ·¢a=hɪ¼iÇ=
ð>¿Æð=b¯¾ð>¿(¿ÌbU=Ƕ=Í£·j·¶¸£Q´¶cÁ>²Ç¶ÆhÑ>Qð>vÈ?´¶c
Í£·j·¶¹>=À»N¶=η¢¸QÖ=À»N¶=Ìa>ÈgnÈľ?×Cð>¿ÈaË?ÍÒÉj¾
ÁÇ»³VJ=ÁÇE=f=Ä·£«È>»²(oU>ª¦´¶>¿ÂÁdzÈ×Á?ÌbU=Ƕ=
¼³U ÄÉ·¢ °Fì¿ÈÆ (ð>º=fU §¶= Á>² ¦ ¤ÉF¶= =d Á>² =cDª *l>¿¶=
À¢bÈg?À»NEðØQÖº¤ÉF¶=kɶƧ¶=ǽ=f>ª *¼í·j¶=ƤÉF¶=§¶=
*×ð >U¤ªbÈËd¶=À»N¶=
/,5
Ìfj»j¶=
=Ç¢a 6 U = ¹Çie ¹>® 6¹>® ÄÉE? À¢ ½=hU ÀE ¼É³U À¢
Ķ Xr¿É·ª Å>]? ¸Qf¶= Xr¿Ji= =cDª x£E Àº ¼Ãv£E = GÉrÈ l>¿¶=
±gfÈ>Ãɪl>¿¶=bÐ=fn¶=ƤÉF¶=¹=ÇU?ÆÌe>RJ¶=z=f£Ji>EÆ*b?Å=Æe
>ºð=N³ª(̧r¶=Ìe>RJ¶=Æ?ÌF³¶=Ìe>RJ¶=Ð=Çi(x£EÀº¼Ãv£E=
ÍFj¾=Æd]@ÈÁ?η¢e>RJ¶=e>§r¶¤Ñ>vEÐ=fnEÁǺǯÈð=e>F²ð=e>b
ÁdzÈ>ºð>F¶>¦Æ*Ø
ð NºÍÑ>=bU=Dz(¼Ä¾ÆnÈ>ºÎ·¢XEf¶=ÀºÍÈÇÒº
¤É =dÂËfÆ *$>ð¾ÇÉjºÇ²%´¶cÁÇ»jÈÆ *Í·»=e>ÀºÐ×ÖÂ
E ËfÆ *´¶c ¦Æ l>¯È >ºÆ ÁgÇÈ >ºÆ ¹>³È >»Éª Ëf *¤Ñ>vF¶=
EÆ(L>¿²>=Æ?±eǶ=Æ?L>ÈÇ·=Æ?Ín»®Ù=¤¿r¶ÌF³¶=L>²fn¶=
ÄRJ¿I>º¤ÉFEÐ×ÖÂbãJɪ*¤ÉEÐزÆÆ?ÀÈbãJºÁÇ»jÈÆ(Í·»=Ê£Ñ>E
>ºÎ·¢ÍÑ>>EÍ¿É£ºÍFj¾ÇÂ(ð>ºÇ·£ºð>}e>ÿºÁÆd]@ÈÆ(L>²fn¶=´·I
¥ÇÉE e>§r¶= e>RJ¶= EÆ ¤¿r= Æ? F³¶= fQ>J¶= E ËfÆ *ÁÇ£ÉFÈ
Æ?£ºfQ>JEÁÇrJÆ *¤¿r=Æ?fQ>J¶=b¿¢ÁÇ·»£Èt>^m?Íìi=ÇE
d«¿ÈÆ *¼ >þǣÉFÈÆ l>¿¶= η¢ Í¢>vF¶= ÁÇuf£È Ð×Öê *£º ¤¿rº
η¢Í¿É£ºÌfQ?Åb¿¢ÁÇ·»£ÈËd¶=¤¿r=Æ?F³¶=fQ>J¶=Àº¼Æ(¼Ã£ÉE
¸²Î·¢Í¿É£ºÌfQ?¼Æ *=Ç£ÉFȽ?=Ç¢>EÐ=Çi(Í¢>vF¶=zf¢ÍÉ·»¢
*Äɪ ÁÇ£ÉFÈ Ëd¶= À»N¶= Àº Í¿É£º ÍÈÇÒº ÍFj¾ Ê (>þǣÉFÈ ¤ÉE ͯ«q
Ïb¶Æ L>²fn¶=Æ ¤¾>r= Ën=Æ ¤Ñ>F¶= E Í{>iÆ Ëf =d³ÂÆ
Ëf>»² IJ=Ç«¶=Æe>v=ËfÆ *ÐÊm¸² ÀÑ>Eh¶=Æe>RJ¶=
H>jÌfv=fQ>J¶=¤ÉFÈÌfv=±ÇiÊ«ª *>¦ÆL>ÈÇ·=Æp>»¯¶=
/-,
*\Ø«¶=Àº>Âd]@ÈÍ¿É£ºÍ¶Ç»¢Ð>¯¶\Ø«¶=
Æ?L>²fn¶=EÌF²ð×>»¢?K¾>²?Ð=Çi>÷²¹>»¢Ù=ÅdÂÆ
(ÀÑ>Eh¶=Æe>RJ¶=E½?(¼Âe>§qÆe>RJ¶=e>F²E½?e>RJ¶=EÆ(¤¾>r=
fºÙ>E¼äɯ¶=ÇÂe>j»j¶=ÁÙ *Ìfi>>ÃEÁÇ»Ñ>¯¶=Æ(Ìfj>÷²>þDª
Ð>﫶= çf¢ b®Æ *Ð=fn¶=Æ ¤ÉF¶= ʶÇJº ¸»£Ji= ¼M *Ķ ª>=Æ
η¢ ±brÈ ÇÂÆ *Ðâ =fmÆ >ð£ÉE fQ@E ŧ¶ ¸»£È À ¼i= ľ@E e>j»j¶=
(ð>¢fm¹ØUͶ×b¶=ÆÌfj»j¶=Æ*Ðâ =fmÆð>£ÉEfQ@Eŧ¶¸»£ÈľDª*¹×b¶=
>ÃE ´·»àÈ ¶= ¹>»¢Ù= ¥=Ǿ? Àº ¥Ç¾ ÇÂÆ ÍÈe>RJ¶= ¹>»¢Ù= Àº J£IÆ
¥>JF¾>¿²6¹>®Ê¾>¿³¶=Ìgf¦ÊE?ÀEkÉ®À¢b?ÏÆeb¯ª *>ð¢fm¹>=
U = ¹Çie >¾>I@ª 6¹>® (Ìfi>»j¶= λjྠ>俲î Æ Í¿Èb= ±>iÆÙ=
ÁC(e>RJ¶=fn£º>È 6¹>¯ª>¿j«¾?ÄEÊ»jà¾>¿²>ÀjU?Ǽi>E>¾>»jª
¨¶>FÈb®Ä¾?Å>¿£ºÆ *Í®br¶>E ÅÇEÇnª ¬·=Æ Ç§·¶= Åfv ¤ÉF¶= =dÂ
À³¶Æ *¹Ç¯¶=ÀºG>»¢Ìa>ÈgË?ǧ¶ÇÂ>¼·³JÈÎJUÄJ£·i¬qÆ
CHb¿ÉªÄJ£·iSÈƶ¬·=g>b®Æ*Hd³¶=ÍQeaC¸rÈ×
ĶǮÆ(¼Ã·»¢Î·¢Ìfi>»j·¶U¹Çif¶=e=f®CÀ»ª*´¶cÇV»É¶Í®br¶=
¸É¶aÇÂÆ *Ìe>RJ¶=Àº>þ?ÆÌfj»j¶=g=ÇQFJÈ e>RJ¶=fn£º>È 6¼
*¥fn¶=ÌhÑ>=Lغ>£=ÀºÊê(ð>¢fm¹ØUÌfj»j¶=Á?η¢
Ð=fn¶=ƤÉF·¶ÄÉ·¢fQÖJi=Ëd¶=¸»£¶=ÁdzÈÁ?ÀºbE׾?ò×C
ÌfQÙ= Æ? Ͷǻ£¶= Æ? XEf¶= ÁÇ³È Á?Æ *Ìb>E >ºCÆ Í£·j¶>E >ºC >ðºÇ·£º
Æ?Íɾث¶=e=b¶=ĶËnɶÆ?Ķ¤ÉFɶð>r^mfQ>IfQ@Ji==cDª *ͺǷ£º
ËnɶÆ?Ķ¤ÉFɶÅfQ@Ji==cC´¶d²Æ *Ð=fn¶=ƤÉF¶=Xqʾث¶=¥>J=
/--
Ķ Ënɶ Æ? Ķ ¤ÉFɶ ÅfQ@Ji= =cC ´¶d²Æ *Xq ÌfÂ>nº Æ? ͺÆ>ɺ Ķ
ËnɶÆ?Ķ¤ÉFɶÅfQ@Ji=K®Ç¶=k«¾Æ(£º¨·FÌfÂ>nºÆ?ͺÆ>ɺ
ÄÉ·¢fQÖJi=Ëd¶=¸»£¶=ÁÙ(Xqͯ«q¸²Î·¢Í¿É£ºÍ¶Ç»£Eð>£·iĶ
*ͺǷ£ºÌfQÙ=ƽǷ£ºÐ=fn¶=ƤÉF·¶
d¿ºl>¿¶=EÆe>RJ¶=EÆf£=>Â>¿£Ìfj»j¶>ª´¶cη¢Æ
*¹Ø=Gj³¶=Àº>ÃE>Vq?Gj²Æ(¹ØU½Çɶ=ÎJUU¹Çif¶=bâ
e>j»j¶>Et>]Çê(Ä¿¢ÊþXÉVr¶=OÈb=ae=Ƕ=e>j»j¶=>º?Æ
Æ?(±Çj¶>E¼ÃJªf£º½b£¶Æ?(f£j¶>E¼Ã·Ãl>¿¶=¸«§JjÈËd¶=¥=çb=
Ìfj»j¶= f®? U ¹Çif¶>ª *´¶c ¸²>m > Æ? (Í¢>vF¶>E ¼ÃI] ½b£¶
Àº ¥=Ǿ? À¢ ÎÃ¾Æ *ÍÈe>RJ¶= ¹>»¢Ù= Àº Ø ð »¢ >Âe>FJ¢>E ½>¢ ¸³nE
½>¢ ¸³nE ¤ÉF¶= \>E? >»² *¥=b= ÊÂÆ >Ãɪ Í·£¶ >ÿɣE >ÿçÉE Ìfj»j¶=
Ìae=Ƕ=OÈa>UÙ=¤FJIÏfQ=cCÆ*>Ãɪͷ£¶¤ÉF¶=ÀºÍ¿É£º¥=Ǿ?À¢ÎþÆ
Ìae=Ƕ=OÈa>UÙ=Æ *\ÇuÇE´¶cFJÈÊ£ÈfnJ¶=>Â>¿£º°É®bJ¶=Æ>Ãɪ
Êÿ¶= ×Æ Ìfj»j¶= f²dI Ð=fn¶=Æ ¤ÉF¶>E ͯ·£Jº ¹>»¢? À¢ Êÿ¶=
=ÆfjªÆ(Ìfj»j¶>E>ÂÆfjªb®Ì=Æf¶=x£EÆÍE>Vr¶=x£EÀ³¶Æ(>ÿ¢
>þ?FI>ã®=Æ>ÃɶC f¾=cCÆ(ð=e>j ÁdzÈÁ?À¢Êþľ@EÊÿ¶=
ÄÉE?À¢lÆÆ>{ÀE=bF¢À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeb¯ª *Ìfj»j¶=Àº¥=Ǿ?
Á>F²f¶==ǯ·I× 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®Ä¿¢=Êuel>F¢ÀE=À¢
a>F¶fu>U¤FÈ× 6ĶǮ>ºl>F¢ÀE×K·¯ª6¹>® a>F¶fu>U¤FÈ×Æ
l>F¢ÀE=K¶@i6¹>®Ä¾?lÆÆ>{À¢ÍÈ=ÆeÆ*=ðe>jĶÁdzÈ×6¹>®
Ķ ÁÇ³È × 6¹>¯ª a>F¶ fu>U À£ÉFÈ × 6ĶǮ ο£º >º Ä¿¢ = Êue
/-.
¸»£Ji=Æ $Ìfj»j¶>Ea>F¶fu>UËnÈ×H>E%6Ëe>^F¶=¹>®Æ *=ðe>j
¤Ä¾?GÉj=ÀEbÉ£iÀ¢>»ÂbU?NÈbUH>F¶=f²c¼M*ÍÉÂ>¿¶=×
¤ÉEη¢Ðf=¤JFÈ × 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹Ç¯ÈÄ¿¢=ÊueÌfÈfÂ>E?
ÀE k¾? À¢ ʾ>N¶= OÈb=Æ *a>F¶ fu>U ¤FÈ ×Æ (=ÇnQ>¿I ×Æ (ÄÉ]?
H>E%Ëe>^F¶=¹>®Æ a>F¶fu>U¤ÉFÈÁ?>¿Éþ 6¹>®Ä¿¢=Êue´¶>º
¸²AoQ>¿¶=6ΪÆ?ÊE?ÀE=6¹>®Æ¤ÉF¶=´¶cgÇ×¹>®ÀºÆ$oR¿¶=
ÀºÆ(e>¿¶=Í£Èb= 6 U¿¶=¹>®(¸×¸{>E¥=b]ÇÂÆÀÑ>]>Ee
À¢ÇÂð=bU=Æð>NÈbUËe>^F¶=f²c¼M*aeÇê>¾fº?ÄÉ·¢kɶðØ»¢¸»¢
Ìb¢LaeÆÆ*oR¿¶=À¢U¿¶=Îþ 6¹>®>»Ã¿¢=Êuef»¢ÀE=
aeÆb¯ª*>ÿ¢U¹Çif¶=Îþb®¹>»¢Ù=Àº¥=Ǿ?Ìb¢f²dIOÈa>U?
×Æ(Á>F²f¶==ǯ·I× 6¹>®U=¹ÇieÁ?Ä¿¢=ÊueÌfÈfÂÊE?À¢
Å=Æe a>F¶ fu>U ¤FÈ ×Æ (=ÇnQ>¿I ×Æ (x£E ¤ÉE η¢ ¼³v£E ¤FÈ
ð>ÒÉm Ä¿º ί·I À»ª G·= =ǯ·I × 6¹>® U ¿¶= Á? ËÆeÆ *Ëe>^F¶=
OÈa>UÙ= Åd ¤FJI ÀºÆ *b? Å=Æe ±Çj¶= ÎI? =cC e>É>E ÄFU>rª
À¢Ë?(Ëa>F·¶fu>=¤ÉEÀ¢>ÃɪÊþb®Ä¾?FJÈ>Ãɪ°É®bJ¶=Æ>¦Æ
¤ÉEη¢Ðf=¥>JFÈÁ?À¢Æ*Ïf¯¶=¸Â?¼Ã·NºÆ(ÆbF¶=¸ÂÙÁb=¸Â?¤ÉE
>Â=m=b®Í£·iC¸Qf¶=ÊI@ÈÁ?À¢ÎþË?(¤ÉF¶=b®Á>²=cCÄÉ]?
ÎþÆ(¹ÆÙ=¤ÉF¶=_j«É¶>ÃÈnÈÆÄEK£ÉEËd¶=f£j¶=η¢bÈhɪŦ
bÈhÈ Á? Ë? (> >ðÈnº kÉ¶Æ (Í£·j¶= bÈhÈ Á? ÇÂÆ oR¿¶= À¢
=dÂ>ÃɪahÈľ?Àɪ(>úÇjÈÀºÄEËbJ¯É¶>ÂÐ=fmbÈfÈ×ÀºÍ£·j¶=
Á>F²f¶=ʯ·IÀ¢ÎþÆ*>ÃÈnɶbÈhÈÆ´¶dE§Éª(ÄÈÆ>jIÊÂÆò×Ceb¯¶=
/-/
¹Ç¯ÈÆ(f£j¶=Īf£ÉªÍ£·j¶=G·Qb®ÆËa>F¶=CËfv=TfÁ?ÇÂÆ
¸®@E¼Ã¿ºËnÈÆ(b·F¶=f£iËa>F¶=η¢Hd³ÈÁ?Æ?(´¶¤ÉE?>¾?Ķ
Æ?(Í¿Èb=C¹Ç]b¶=¼ÃÉ·¢Í¾ÆÖ=ÌfN³E¼ÂÁ?Æ?(¸N=ÀÀº
ÇÂÆ(G·=ʯ·IÀ¢ÎÃ¾Æ *±Çj¶=a>j³EÆ?(¼Ã£º>ºa>j³E¼Â
*Á>F²f¶=ʯ·J²
(Ìfm>Fº Ìfj»j¶>E °·£JÈ >º >ÿº (>ÿ¢ Êÿ= ¹>»¢Ù= Ê ÅdÂ
FJÈ>ÿ¢Êÿ¶=Ìae=Ƕ=OÈa>UÙ=°É®bJ¶>EÆ(¤ÉF¶>E°·£JÈ>º>ÿºÆ
ÇÂľ?Ä¿º¼Ã«È¬qÆË?(¼Ã«º¬qÆη¢Gr¿º>÷²>ÃɪÊÿ¶=Á?
Á>²ÊþÆ?fº?ÄÉ·¢·jI=cC¼Ã«=¬qǶ=Æ*Êÿ¶=¤®ÆÄ·Q?ÀºËd¶=
fºÙ=Í·¢Ç¼ë=¬qǶ=Ä¿»vIËd¶=ο£=Á>²Æ(··£ºÊÿ¶=ÆfºÙ=
=cDª(>ÃEð>{Ç¿ºÍ·£¶>Eð>{ÇEfº¼ÈfVJ¶=Æ?ÄɪHÇQǶ=Ádzɪ*Êÿ¶=Í·¢Æ?
¤º eÆbÈ Çê (¼³= ½b¢ Í·£¶= Kºb¢ =cCÆ (¼³= bQÆ Í·£¶= LbQÆ
Ŧ η¢ ¼³= °Fì¾= Ŧ Í·£¶= LbQÆ =cCÆ *>ðºb¢Æ =ðaÇQÆ Í·£¶=
ʯ·IÆ (oR¿¶=Æ (ÄÉ]? ¤ÉE η¢ ¤ÉF¶=Æ (Ëa>F¶=Æ fu>>ª *l>ɯ¶= °ÈfìE
Ä·Q?ÀºËd¶=ÐÊn¶=Ác?Êê*¼Ã«º¬qÆ>÷²(G·=ʯ·IÆÁ>F²f¶=
Ç¿º¼³>ª *¼³=bQÆÄ·Q?ÀºËd¶=ÇÂ>Â>¿£ºÁ?Ë? *Êÿ¶=bQÆ
>ÄÉ]?¤ÉEη¢¤ÉF¶>EÇ¿ºÆ (f£j¶=ͪf£º½b¢Í·¢ÀºÄɪ>Ëa>F¶>E
ľÙoR¿¶>EÇ¿ºÆ(f]ܶ>»ÂbU?ÁDzeÆ(À»N¶=e=f¯Ji=ÀºÄɪ¸rU
ʯ·IÆÁ>F²f¶=ʯ·JEÇ¿ºÆ(Ën>Ee=fuÞ¶bÈhÈ>CÆ(>ÂÐ=fmbÈfÈ×
*G¶>=η¢Äq>]e=Æ?(Í¿Èb=¸Â?η¢f£j¶=ÐØ¢CÀºÄɪ>G·=
Ìfj»j¶=KºfUÆ(>Ãɪ¤ÉF¶=½fU¥ÇÉF¶=ÅdÂʾ>£=ÅdÂLbQÆ=cDª
/-0
ÀEf»¢¼Ãªb®Æ *Ìfj»j¶=½fƤÉF¶=½f>ÃɪbQÇI=cCÆ(>Ãɪ
6¹>¯ªf£j¶=ͪf£º½b¢Í·£¶=Á?Ëa>F·¶fu>=¤ÉEÀ¢Êÿ¶=H>ì=
*f£j¶>E¼ÂÆ]?(°Èfì¶=η¢¼ÂǶaÆ(±Çj¶=η¢¼ÂǶa
(¸É¶b¶=eÇö¹ØU¤ÉF¶=Á?>»²(¹ØUÌfj»j¶=ÁDª=dÂη¢Æ
LbQÆ Æ? (>ÿ¢ Êÿ¶= aeÆ b® ¥=Ǿ? η¢ Ìfj»j¶= K·rU =cDª
(ð>º=fU¥=ǾÙ=ÅdÂLe>q(>ÿ¢Êÿ¶=bQÆ>÷Q?Àº¶=Í·£¶=Ìfj»j¶=
¸ÈÆ(ð×ØUÌfj»j¶=¸I¸E(ð>º=fUÊÂOÉUÀºÌfj»j¶=rI×Æ
*×ð ØUð>Fj²e>j»j¶=Gj²
/-1
Ìe>QÝ=
6¥=Ǿ?ÍMØM>ÃJ¸]bÈÆ(zÇ£EÍ£«¿=η¢b¯¢Ìe>QÝ=
e>RÒJi>²(Á>É¢Ù=¤ª>¿ºÎ·¢Äɪb¯£¶=afÈ>ºÇÂ)¹ÆÙ=¥Ç¿¶=
*´¶cÄE>m>ºÆL>F²f=ÆH=Æb¶=ÆeÆb¶=
e>RÒJi>²(¸»£¶=Í£«¿ºÎ·¢Äɪb¯£¶=afÈ>ºÇ )ʾ>N¶=¥Ç¿¶=
¸r¶=Í£«¿=ÇÂÄÉ·¢aǯ£>ª(Í¿É£º¹>»¢Ù¤Ñ>¿r¶=Æf=H>Ee?
*´¶cÄE>m>ºÆe>R¿¶=Æa=b=Æ©>Fr¶=e>RÒJi=¸Nº(¸»£¶=Àº
(s^n¶= Í£«¿º η¢ Äɪ b¯£¶= afÈ >º Ç ) O¶>N¶= ¥Ç¿¶=
*´¶cÄE>m>ºÆ¹>»£¶=ÆÍߺb=e>RÒJi>²
X=ØÈVÙXqXT @ 6>£I = ¹>® >ð¢fm ÌhÑ>Q >â=Ǿ? ¤É»| Ìe>QÝ=Æ
ØD¯
VÙ@6¹>®Æ> Yc®mØbÀy8²ØÈW1ÆM¾µØÈW[k°b*Xk°L0\BXq\j¹ØÈWV×SVÙ×1ÆM_µØÈW
Á?ÌfÈfÂÊE?°Èf{ÀºÊ¯ÃÉF¶=ÏÆeÆ> CÉFXqSÄBÊ CÉFSÉ"WVÙ×1ÅV]CØÈ_ª×qU
Á? 6Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆeÆ ÅfQ? Ä»·£É·ª ð=Q? fQ@Ji= Àº 6¹>® U ¿¶=
*ð>JÈëf]ð>Èa>¸Èëb¶=EÀºðØQe=fQ@Ji=°Èçbår¶=ÆU¿¶=
/-2
QÙ=
s^n¶=Í£«¿ºÎ·¢Æ(¸»£¶=Í£«¿ºÎ·¢afÈËd¶=Ìe>QÝ=b¯¢Æ
¥fn¶= g>Q? b®Æ *Äj«¾ fçQ? Ëd¶= Ç QÙ=Æ *QÙ>E °·£JÈ Ëd¶= ÇÂ
¸rÍ£«¿=Æ?(¼Ã·²>mÀºÆͺb>²(Ä¿º¸r Í£«¿ÊºaÛ=Ìe>QC
ľDªÌe>QÝ=b¯£¿IÎJUÆ *>ÂÇÆÍib¿=ÆÌe>r¯¶=Æͦ>Fr¶>²Ä·»¢Àº
b¯£¿Iت*=ðhÉðØ®>¢>»Ã¿º¸²ÁdzÈÁ@EÀÈb®>£¶=ÍÉ·Â?>Âa>¯£¾×nÈ
ľDª Ìe>QÝ= Lb¯£¾= Ç¶Æ *hÉ»= ¦ r¶= Ìe>QC ×Æ (ÁÇ¿= Ìe>QC
ð>ºÇ·£º)Í£«¿=ÇÂÆ)ÄÉ·¢aǯ£=ÁDzÆ(ÀÈb®>£¶=>ue>ÃJVr¶nÈ
Á>ÉFEÁdzÈÌe>IQÚ¶ÍFj¿¶>EÍ£«¿>E¼·£¶==dÂÆ *Í¢g>¿=¤¿ÄQÆη¢
(ð>É·Ér«Ið>«qÆHÇ·ì=¸»£¶=¬qÆÆ?(Í£«¿=bÈbVJEÁdzÈÌe>IÆ(Ìb=
Ìe>QCXrI×´¶cη¢Æ *Ä·»¢ÍɫɲɣIÆ?(QÙ=¸»£È>ºÉ£IÆ
*ͶÇÃ=Í£«¿=Ìe>QCXrI×Æ(Åf³=
/-3
ÌfQÙ=
¤ª=f¶=¬qǶ=Æ?(ÌbÂ>n>Eð>ºÇ·£ºÌe>QÝ=¹>ºÁdzÈÁ?nÈ
Ä»·£ÈÎJU¸Qf¶=fQ@JjÈÁ?Åf²Ä¾?Àj=À¢ÊÑ>j¿¶=ÏÆe *Ͷ>ÃR·¶
*¤ÉF=Àͻɯ¶=nI×>»²ÌfQÙ=ͻɯ¶=nI׾?ò×C*ÅfQ?
(ÐÊn¶=Íɶ>ºe=b¯º°ª=ÇI>º ÊÂͻɯ¶=çÁ?ÇÂÀ»N¶=Æͻɯ¶=E±f«¶=Æ
°ªÆ Êu=¶= ÄE ¤¯È >º Çê À»N¶= >º?Æ *ºÇ¯= ¼ÈǯI Gj} Ķa>£IÆ
ÁÙ(¸»£¶=ͻɮQÙ=ÌfQî?ÁdzIÁ?nÈ×Æ*ξa?Æ?bÈg?Æ?ͻɯ¶=
ͻɮÀº fN²? ÌfQîÙ=ÁdzIÁ? gÇRɪ(Ìe>QÝ= ×ð bEÁdzI× Í»É¯¶=
ð=Q? s^m fQ@Ji= Ç·ª *¸»£¶= ͻɮ Àº ¸®? ÁdzI Á? gÇÆ (¸»£¶=
(hÑ>QÇêͺǷ£ºÍ¦>ÉqÍvªÆ?GÂcÍ£ì®Ä¶©Çrɶ(ͺǷ£º ÌfQ@E
Äɪ¸»£È>ºEÆÌfQîÙ=EÌ=Æ>j=nIت(½Ç·£º¸»£¶fQÖJi=ľÙ
¸E>¯º Ç ÌfQîÙ= Àº Ķ nÈ >º ÁÙ (ÁgǶ= GÂd¶= Æ? Ív«¶= Àº
Ëd¶=¸»£¶=¸EÆÌfQÙ=Eͮآ×Æ(¸»£¶=¸Í·E>¯×(¸»£¶=
ÁdzÈÁÙX·q(>ÂÇÆaǯ¿¶>²¤ÉF¶=ð×bEÁdzÈÁíÙX·q>ºÆ(Ä·»£È
>º>ºí?Æ*ÌfQ?ÁdzÈÁÙX·qð>¿ÁdzÈÁÙX·q>ºË?(Ìe>QÝ=ð×bE
׾Dª*Ìe>QÝ=ð×bEÁdzÈÁ?gÇľDª¤ÉF¶=ð>¿ÁdzÈÁ?X·rÈ×
ð>¾>JjE fQ@JjÈ Á? XrÈ À³¶Æ (ðØNº Í¿i e=a ο³jE ÍE=a ¤ÉFÈ Á? gÇ
J£I × Í£«¿>E ¹>= Ͷa>F»ª (¹> ¹>º Ͷa>Fº Ç ¤ÉF¶= ÁÙ *e=a ο³jE
ÌeÆfu×zÇ£¶==dÂÆ(zÇ£EÍ£«¿=η¢b¯¢ÊêÌe>QÝ=Ø~(ð>£ÉE
*Í£«¿ºÁdzÈb®¸E(ð×>ºÁdzÈÁíÙ
/-4
ÌfQÙ=fÈb¯I
η¢afÈb¯£¶==dÂÆ*zÇ£EÍ£«¿=η¢b¯¢>þ@EÌe>QÝ=Kªfà¢
6¥=Ǿ?ÍMØM
H=Æb¶=ÆeÆb¶=e>RÒJi>²Á>É¢Ù=¤ª>¿ºÎ·¢afȥǾ )>ÂbU?
*£¶=Í£«¿ºÇÂÄÉ·¢aǯ£>ª*´¶cÄFm?>ºÆL>F²f=Æ
Ð>ä¿F¶=Ælb¿Ã=Æ©>äFr¶>²¹>»¢Ù=¤ª>¿º η¢afȥǾ )>Ãɾ>M
*¸»£¶=Í£«¿ºÇÂÄÉ·¢aǯ£>ª*´¶cÄFm?>ºÆ
ÄFm?>ºÆÍ·»ß£¶=ƽbí>²t>^mÙ=¤ª>¿ºÎ·¢afȥǾ )>ÃN¶>M
*s^n¶=bÃ|¥>«J¾×=ÇÂÄÉ·¢aǯ£>ª*´¶c
¸²¶=Í£«¿=ÇÂ>ÃɪÄÉ·¢aǯ£=Á>²ÍMØN¶=¥=ǾÙ=Ådê
λj=¹>=Æ*Í£«¿=ÇÂb¯£¶=ÄÉ·¢ÏfQËd¶=ÐÊn¶=Ádzɪ(>ÿºbU=Æ
ÇÂÌfQîÙ=fÈb¯IÄÉ·¢Î¿FÈËd¶=l>iÙ=ÁDªÄÉ·¢Æ*Í£«¿=Åd¸E>¯ºÇÂ
*s^n¶= µ=c Æ? (¸»£¶= ´¶c >ÃÉì£È Æ? (£¶= ´·I >ÃÉì£I ¶= Í£«¿=
ÊÂKjɶÆ(Ä¿×ÆÄɪ¸»£ÈËd¶=ÐÊn¶=ͻɮ¸»£·¶ÍFj¿¶>EÊÂKjɶÆ
× ´¶d²Æ *QÙ= ÍQ>U a=bi Kjɶ >þ? >»² (ÄQ>J¾C QÚ¶ ÍFj¿¶>E
¤QfÈÁ?XrÈت *>ÂfÈb¯IÄu>«=Æ?ÍnÉ£=ÏÇJjº¥>«Ie׸]a
×Æ(ÄJQ>Ua=bi×Æ(¸º>£¶=T>J¾CÆ?Ä¿Æ?ÐÊn¶=ͻɯ¶ÌfQÙ=fÈb¯I
>ÂfÈb¯I¤QfÈ>CÆ *>ÂfÈb¯I>Ãu>«=ÆÍnÉ£=ÏÇJjº¥>«Ie׸]a
ÌfQîÙ=eçb¯IÆ *zÇ£EÍ£«¿=η¢b¯¢>þÙ(Í£«¿=ǯªbU=ÆÐÊn¶
η¢ØJ]×=UÆ *>ÃÉ·¢Ìe>QÝ=b¯¢ÏfQ¶=Í£«¿=fÈb¯IGj}
a=fÈ׾Ù(´¶cÍ¿ÉF·¶Á@m×cC(ÍR=ÆÍ¿ëÉF¶>Eeçb¯I×ÌfQîÙ=e=b¯º
/-5
¶=Í£«¿>EÀÈF= fÈb¯JEeçb¯I>CÆ(>Âe=b¯ºÍªf£º>CÆ(ÌfQîÙ=L>FMC
*>ÃuÇ¢fÈb¯JEÀÈF=Æ(Ìe>QÝ=b¯¢>ÃÉ·¢ÏfQ
Ëf ¶= ÌbUǶ= Ïf]? Ìe>F£E Æ? ÌfQîÙ= l>i? ÍÉU>¾ Àº =dÂ
Í£«¿=LÆ>«JELÆ>«JI>þDª>ÃIÆ>«IÍÉU>¾Àº>º? *ÌfQîÙ=fÈb¯I>ÃÉ·¢
*Á>³=ÆÁ>ºh¶=Æ(Í«·J^=¹>»¢Ù=Æ(bU=Ƕ=¸»£¶=Æ(t>^mÙ=
bÃ=LÆ>«JE¼Ãq>^m?¤ª>¿ºÎ·¢b¯£¶=aeÆÀÈd¶=Í·»ß£¶=ÌfQ?LÆ>«JJª
=d²L>¢>iÆ?(=d²¬É£v·¶Æ=d²Ëǯ·¶ÌfQîÙ=eb¯Jª(ÁǶdFÈËd¶=
¸®Ù=L>¢>j·¶Æ(fN²?ÌfQî?fN²Ù=L>¢>j·¶Æ(ÌfQÙ=Àº=d²¸»£¶=Àº
b¯¢ aeÆ Ëd¶= bU=Ƕ= ¸»£·¶ ÌfQÙ= fÈb¯I ËfÆ *** =d³ÂÆ ¸®? ÌfQî?
ÀÈd¶=t>^mÙ=ELÆ>«JIÆ(ÀçÉ£ºe=b¯¸»£¶=Í£«¿ºÎ·¢ÄɪÌe>QÝ=
lb¿Ã»·¶Îì£Jª(ðØNºib¿Ã>²Ä¶¼Ã¾>¯ICLÆ>«JE¸»£¶==dÂÁÇ·»£È
Ëf ´¶d²Æ *¼Ã¾>¯IC LÆ>«JE ib¿Ã= E LÆ>«JIÆ (=d² Ê ÌfQî?
e>RÒJi×=b¿¢>ÿºÌaÇr¯=Í£«¿=Gj}Í«·J^=¹>»¢Ú¶ÌfQîÙ=fÈb¯I
LÆ>«JE ¹>»¢Ù= Åd ÌfQîÙ= LÆ>«JIÆ *¥>ç¿r à ·¶ Ë? (>Ãɪ ÁÇ·»£È ÀÈd·¶
*** =d³ÂÆ(=d²Ð>ç¿F¶=fQ?Æ(=d²lb¿Ã=fQ?Ádzɪ(¤»J=b¿¢>ÃJ£«¿º
Í«·J^= ¹>»¢Ú¶Æ (bU=Ƕ= ¸»£·¶Æ (t>^mÚ¶ ÌfQîÙ= fÈb¯I ËfÆ
¸º>¢ Àº fN²? ¸É·¶= ¸º>£¶= Îì£Éª *f]A Á>ºg >ÂfÈb¯I ¦ Á>ºg
ÌfQîÙ= fÈb¯I Ëf ´¶d²Æ *Ø ð Nº e>ÿ¶= ¸»£¶= k«¾ ¸»£È
>ÂfÈb¯I ¦ Á>³º Í«·J^= ¹>»¢Ú¶Æ bU=Ƕ= ¸»£·¶Æ t>^mÚ¶
k«¾¸»£È¸º>¢ÀºfN²?Ð=fVr¶=¸º>£¶=Îì£ÈðØN»ª *f]AÁ>³º
Í¢>j¶>²ÀçÉ£ºK®ÇEÍJ®ÖºÌfQîÙ=fÈb¯IgÇÆ*** =d³ÂÆÍ¿Èb=¸»£¶=
*Í¿j¶=ÆfÃn¶=ƽÇɶ=Æ
/.,
ÌfQÙ=e=b¯º
λj= fQÙ= >º? *¸N= fQ? ÁdzÈÆ (λjຠÁÇ³È QÙ= fQ?
ÌfQî?λj=fQÙ=ÀºJ£ÈÆ*b¯£¶=K®ÆK¿É£IÆLf²c¶=ÌfQîÙ=Çê
¹>»£²Æ?(Í¿É£ºÍQea«Ç>² (¼Ã¿º¸²ÌfQî?Kªfà¢ÀÈd¶=Í·ß»£ß ¶=
Æ?ð×>»¢Kºb^Ji==cC´¶d¶Æ *Äɪ¸º>£¶=ÌfQî?Æf£º£º¤¿rº
¼jI ÁCÆ *¼ÂfQ? Ç λj= Ádzɪ ¼ÃIfQñ? ¼ KÉÆ «Çº
À³IÁCÆ(λjºð=fQ?J£IƼÎì£JªÍºÇ·£ºK¾>²ÁCf¿È¼ÃIfQî?
*¸N=fQ?¼Îì£ÉªÍºÇ·£ºÌfQîÙ=
¸º>£¶=¸NºfQ?Æ?(¸º>£¶=¸NºÆ¸»£¶=¸NºfQ?ǸN=fQ?Æ
É£JEÌ=¸Â?à½hß ·àÈÆ(Ì=ËÆc¸ßF®åÀº¸N=fQ?fÈb¯I½h·ÈÆ *¯ª
Cf¿àÈÁ?ʧF¿È¸N=fQ?fÈb¯Ib¿¢Æ *QÙ=s^mCf¿¶>EÌfQîÙ=
6eǺ?ÍMØM
ÐÊn¶=Cfí¿àÈÁ?Í£«¿=η¢Ìae=ÆÌe>QÝ=K¾>²=cC )¹ÆÙ=
*eÇQ@=Í£«¿ºÄJ£«¿ºËÆ>jIËd¶=
s^n¶=Cfí¿àÈÁ?¸»£¶=η¢Ìae=ÆÌe>QÝ=K¾>²=cC)ʾ>N¶=
*¸º>£¶=Ƹ»£¶=Cf¿ÈË?(¸»£¶=´¶dEQÚ¶¸M>»=
LÆ>«JIÌfQîÙ=ÁÙ(ľ>³ºÆe>Ý=Á>ºgCfí¿àÈÁ? )O¶>N¶=
*Á>³=ÆÁ>ºh¶=Ƹ»£¶=ÆÍ£«¿=LÆ>«JE
Í¿äÉF¶= ͺ>®C gÇ Øª (Ì= ¸Â? η¢ ÄJªf£º ¬®ÇJI ¸N= fQ?Æ
¼ÃF^J¿Éªzf§¶=ÀºÇ·=Ì=¸Â?Åeb¯ÈÁ?G¸E(Ê¢b=ÀºÄÉ·¢
*¼²>=¼ÃF^J¿Éª>¯«JÈÁCÆ(±>«I×>EÁ>»r=
/.-
ÌfQîÙ=¤ªa
¸ÉR£IÁ=b®>£¶=m==cDª *>÷ÉQ@I gÇÆ(ÌfQîÙ=¸ÉR£IgÇ
¼Ã{Æfm b¿¢ ÁÇ»·j= 6 U¹>® *>»Ã{fm΢=fÈ>÷ÉQ@IÆ?ÌfQîÙ=
ÌfQîÙ= ¸ÉR£I Á=b®>£¶= m= >º ¸² ΢=fÈÆ J£Éª *Ëe>^F¶= Å=Æe
>÷ÉQ@I Æ? ÌfQîÙ= ¸ÉR£I >ðÒÉm Á=b®>£¶= nÈ ÁC >º? *>÷ÉQ@IÆ
½h·È (ÍÈÇ¿j¶=Æ ÍÈfÃn¶>² £º K®ÇE ÍJ®Öº ÌfQîÙ= K¾>² =cDª (f¿È
ÍÈ>þ b¿¢ ÏaÖI ÌfÂ>nº K¾>² Ç·ª (K®Ç¶= ´¶c Ð>v¯¾= b¿¢ >ÂÐ>«ÈC
η¢ Ìe>QÝ= K¾>² =cC >º? *Í¿j¶= ½>J] Ê«ª Íþ>jº K¾>² ÁCÆ (fÃn¶=
(´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ?Ìe>ÉiXÉ·rIÆ?(fÒEf«UÆ?(HÇMÍ{>É]¸Nº¸»¢
(IeÇqη¢ÌfQîÙ=bÈafIgÇÆ(¸»£¶=ÀºÐ>ÃJ¾×=b¿¢>ÂÐ>«ÈC½h·ÈľDª
ÌfQîÙ=Ð>ì¢C½h·ÈÆ(Á>³=ÆÁ>ºh¶=Æͪ>j=Ƹº>£¶=Ƹ»£¶=PØMÆ?
ð>¯É®aßKìå]ÁC>É^·¶¸É®Ç¶ðØN»ª*Ø ð £ªfÃI¶=ÌeÇr¶=GQǺη¢
*>ÃIfQî?Ķ¸»¢IeÇr¶=Ë@ª(=d²´·ªð>É·¦ßKìå]Æ?=d²´·ª
/..
Ð=fQîÙ=¥=Ǿí?
*µnºÆt>]CQíÙ=¼j¯¿È
ð>J®ÖºðØ»¢fN²?Æ?(£ºbU=Ƕ¸»£ÈËd¶=ÇÂt>=QíÙ>ª
¸»£ÈÁ?Àº¤¿Æ(ÅbUÆ fQ@Jj>EsJËd¶=ÇÂË?(sÉr^J¶=¤º
¼ _Fìɶ >ðÉÂ>{ fN²? Æ? s^m fQ@Ji= Ç·ª *Ìe>QÝ= Ìbº ¹=Ç{ ŧ¶
*>ðq>]ð=Q?ÊÂ>ì¶=´¶cÁ>²(Ìb=É£I¤ºÍq>]
ðØ»¢Æ? K®Öº¦ðØ»¢bU=Ƕ¸»£ÈËd¶=ǵn=QíÙ=Æ
¸E *fQ@Jj>E sJ × Ëd¶= ÇÂ Ë? (ÄÉ·¢ sÉr^J¶= =m= ØE >ðJ®Öº
nº¦pf«·¶ð=bR¿ºLfQ@Ji=Ç·ª *fQ@Jj=§¶¸»£ÈÁ?ĶgÇ
½?(´¶h[¿ºÁ>²?Ð=Çi(µnºQ?Çê(µ§¶bR¿È×Á?ÄÉ·¢
*×½?Ìa>R¿¶=ÌbºÄ¶K¿É¢Ð=ÇiÆ(Ä·
>º ÍÈa@J¶ Ìb= Äj«¾ ¼É·jJE ÌfQîÙ= °VJjÈ t>= QíÙ=Æ
fQڶĮ>¯VJi>ª(¼¯È½?¸»£¶>E½>®Ð=Çi(¸»£¶=ÀºÄ¿³¤ºÄE¬·²
Ìbº ¸»£È Á? Ķ gÇ × =d¶Æ *¸»£¶= Gj} × Ìb= Gj} ÁdzÈ
*Ä·»¢>ºeb¯EfQÙ=Àºs¯¾Å§¶¸»¢ÁDª*ÅfQ@Jjº§¶ðØ»¢Ìe>QÝ=
©>Fr¶=Æe>R¿¶=Æ>É>²(¸»£¶=k«¾Î·¢ÌfQîÙ=°VJjȵn=QÙ=Æ
*Ìb=Gj}×(¸»£¶=Gj}ÁdzÈfQڶĮ>¯VJi>ª*= *** \Ø=Æ
±>¯VJi= OÉU Àº µn= QÙ=Æ t>= QÙ= E ±f«¶=Æ
ð=fu>UÌe>QÝ=ÌbºÁ>²=cCÌfQîÙ=°VJjÈt>=QÙ=Á?ÌfQîÙ=
×C ÌfQîÙ= °VJjÈ × µn= QÙ=Æ (¸£«¶>E Ä·»¢ nÈ ×Æ (¸»£·¶
¦Æ?(b¯£¶=Í¿É£ºÁdzIÁ?>ºCt>=QÚ¶Ìe>QÝ=ÌbºÆ *¸»£¶>E
/./
Àº bU=Æ ¸³·ª (>ÃJ¶>[à b¯£¶= b[jª Í¿É[£º ¦ K¾>² ÁDª (Í¿É[£º
ÁCÆ *ÄJºb] Ìbº Ä·Nº ÌfQî? QÚ¶Æ (a=e? K®Æ Ë? >Ã^jª ÀÈb®>£¶=
ed¢×ÆÌb=Ð>v¯¾=¸F®Ìe>QÝ=fQ@Jj=_jªÆ(b¯£¶=Í¿É£ºK¾>²
GľDª(¸»£¶=À¢ÅhR¢Æ?Äuf»²_j«¶=GQÇÈQÙ=GÉ¢×Æ
QÙ=Á>²?Ð=ÇiÌb=½>CÌfQîÙ=QÙ=CËaÖÈÁ?fQ@Jj=η¢
fÃGÉ¢Æ?ed£¶Ìe>QÝ=_jªÁC>º? *´¶c¦ ½?ð>¢e=hº ½?ð>ºa>]
Ëd¶=K®Ç¶=C×CÌfQîÙ=ËaÖÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢kɶľDª_j«¶=GQÇÈQÙ=
*Ìe>QÝ=ÄɪK^jª
/.0
¹>ä»à¢Í·³nº½ØiÝ=bQÇI×
η¢Æ ÊEf§¶= >£¶= η¢ >ð¯Fìº a>rJ®×= ʶ>?f¶= ½>¿¶= Á>²
ÍÈfUʶ>?f¶=?bF=kiî?ÀºÆ *Ê¢ÇÉn¶=Hh=>û³Á?¸F®(>ÉiÆe
>º(¹>»£¶=Ë?(Ð=fQîÙ>E¹>»¢Ù=H>Vq?a=bFJi=´¶cÀ¢SJ¿ª *Íɳ·=
b®Æ *¼Ãɪ ¼³VJI ¶= Ê ½=hJ¶×= ÍÈf¾ Kº=a >ºÆ (ð>»Ñ>® Êu=¶= ½=a
¼Ã®f¢ ¹Ø§Ji=Æ ¼·¶=Æ (±>ÂeÝ=Æ K¿£¶= ÀÈfQ@Jj= Àº Ð=fQîÙ= ή×
(¸º>£¶= >r¾DE La>¾Æ Íɲ=m×= Ìf³«¶= Lfà UÆ *¼ÂaÇÃQÆ
b¯¢Í>£ºl>i?η¢kɶÆ(¹>»£¶=¸²>nºÍ>£ºl>i?η¢LfÃ
K®ÆbÈbVJE(¸º>£¶=>r¾Ý¹Ç·}Íɲ=m×=LÐ>Q´¶d¶Æ *Ìe>QÝ=
(½=hJ¶×= ÍÈf¾ Kºbê *= *** ÄJU=e Á>»uÆ (¸º>£¶= ÌfQî?Æ (¸»£¶=
ÁÙÊEf§¶=ÁǾ>¯¶=Ð>ïªfìu>ª(¸²>n=Í>£>ÃJÉUØq½b¢LfÃ?Æ
(¸²>n=½>º?KFNIÁ?½=hJ¶×=ÍÈf¾¤ÉìJjIÎJU(½=hJ¶Ø¶¼ÃIf¾=ƧÈ
ÄÉ·¢ K·å]aî? b® ¸»£¶= b¯£ª *¼ÃJÈf¾ ¤É®¶ LØÈb£I =Ç·]a? ´¶d¶Æ
>º±Ç¯=Àº¼ÃÑ>ì¢CCÆ(¹>»£¶=ÍÈ>CbÃI(½>³U?Æb¢=Ç®
°UÆ (L>E>¯¿¶= ÀÈdzI °UÆ (¥>»JQ×= ÍÈfV² (¸F® Àº ¼ À³È
s¾ Á? ¤º *= *** L>vÈÇ£I Æ? L>ɺ=f²CÆ b¢>¯I ¼ÃÑ>ì¢CÆ (H=fuÝ=
ÍÈf¿¶= Åd ¸ÈÆ@I ÏfQ À³¶Æ *±Ç¯= Åd ¸Nº XÉFÈ × ½=hJ¶×= ÍÈf¾
¼M *¹>»£¶= E Íɲ=m×= e>³ªÙ= >ÃIbQÆ? ¶= ¹>»£¶= ¸²>nº Í>£
*>ð¯·ìºÄQ>J>º¸º>£¶=Êì£IÆ(¹>=Íɳ·º¤¿»J¶ÍÉ¢ÇÉn¶=ÍÈf¿¶=LÐ>Q
?bF=Æ Ê¢ÇÉn¶= Ä¿ºÆ ʲ=m×= ÀÈ?bF= E f¿¶= L>ÃQÆ ÀÈ>FI ÀºÆ
e>qÆ (¹>»£¶= Í·³nº ¼ÃÈb¶ L@n¾ (QÙ= ÇÆ Íɳ·= Ç (ʶ>?f¶=
/.1
>»ÃIf¾ >ÃIbQÆ? ¶= Í·³n= Åd ¸U Íq>] ͯÈf{ >»Ã¿º ¸³¶
*Ì>É=ÇÍ«·J^=
¼j¯I×Æ(¹>»¢Í·³nºÎ»jIÍ·³nºbQÇÈت½ØiÝ=>º?
H>Vq?Æ Uت Æ? (ɶ>?eÆ ¹>»¢ L>¯F{ C ÍɺØiÝ= ͺîÙ=
η¢ Åe>RÒJi= Á>²? Ð=Çi (QÙ>E °·£JI >÷² ÍÉv¯¶=Æ *= *** z ô =e?
fÑ>j² ¯ª ÅbÃQ η¢ Åe>RÒJi= Á>² Æ? (É¿«¶=Æ rr^J>² ¸»£¶=
ð=Q?½?L>¢>b¿¢ð=Q?½?t>^m?b¿¢ð=Q?Á>²?Ð=ÇiÆ(Ð=fQÙ=
=dÂÆ *Q?Ä·³ªð>²nº =ðQ?½?ð>q>]ð=Q?Á>²?Ð=ÇiÆ(ͶÆb¶=b¿¢
λjºfQ?η¢Ð=fQÙ=±>«I=b¿£ª(K¿ÉEÆĺ>³U?KVuÆb®QÙ=
Ð>ÃJ¾=b£E¼ÂfQ@Jjº=DzÈÁ?¼Æ(Ìe>QÝ=ÌbºÎ»j=fQÙ=¼Á>²
Ð×ÖÂÆ *¸N=fQ?fÈb¯J¶Ð==eÆaÐ>QÄ£º=Ç«·J]=ÁCÆ(Ìe>QÝ=Ìbº
ªfì¶=½h¶?Æ(¼²>=¼Âe>J]=¼ÃÉ·¢>¯«JÈÁDª(Á>ªfì¶=¼Âe>JÐ==
>ði>É®gÇت¼²>=¸F®ÀºÍ¿É£ºÌfQî?É£I>º? *=ðQÐ==ĶǯÈ>
*Í£·j¶=ÀÀ»N¶=ÆÍ£«¿=ÀÌfQÙ=ÁÙ¤·j·¶£jJ¶=g=ÇQ½b¢Î·¢
¤ª>¿=±Çi´¶d²ð>É£ÉF{ð=fÈb¯IÍ£·j¶=f£ief¯È¤·j¶=±ÇiÁ?>»²Æ
¹>»¢Ù= ÓÉÃI Á? ͶÆb¶= η¢ Á? ×C *¹>»£¶= C ÍQ>= >Âef¯I Ð=fQÚ¶
ͶÆb¶=η¢Æ *Ëe>^F¶=Å=Æe ÄJÉ¢eÀ¢¹ÆÖjºÇÂÆ¥=e½>ºÝ= 6¹>»£·¶
¤º¼·¶=η¢Ldzj¶=ÁDª(¹>»£¶=À¢¹>»¢Ù=H>Vq?¼·¤ªfIÁ?
Æ?(¼·¶=¤ªeͶÆb¶=Lfr®=cCÆ*F²¼MCÄɪ(½=fUÄJ¶=gCη¢Ìeb¯¶=
(¼·¶==dÂη¢Í¶Æb¶=Gi>Á?>÷²ÍºîÙ=η¢Á>²Ð=fQÙ=ÊÂK»·
Ä£ªfIƼ·¶==dÂf¿IÁ?>=Í»³Î·¢Á>²Æ(ÄJ¶=gÝΣjIÁ?Æ
η¢=dÂkÉ¶Æ *ͶÆb¶=Ƽ²>=η¢dª>¾´¶c>Âfº?Æ(ºÇ·=À¢
/.2
¸²>nº L>>£º ½Çɶ= ¹>= Ê >»² (¼ÂbUÆ =Ç»· ÀÈd¶= Ð=fQÙ=
ͶÆb¶=r¯IÆÍÉ¢f¶=ÀºafªË?¼·ÁÙ(L=fÂ>J¶=ÆL>E=fu×>E¹>»£¶=
(>÷²ÍºîÙ=ÁÆÖmÍÈ>¢fE°·£JÈfº?(ÍÉ¢f¶=ÀºafªË?ÁÆÖmÍÈ>¢e
kÉ¶Æ (Ê¢fm ¼³U dÉ«¿I ľ٠(t>^m? Æ? s^nE >ðq>] Á>² ǶÆ
*Í¿É£ºÍ¢>η¢ð>£®=ÆÁ>²ÁCÆ(Í¿É£ºÍÒ«Eð>¯·£Jº
Á>»uÆ (¼Ã·ÂÙÆ ¼ ÊVq Á>»u Àº ¹>»£¶= ÄQ>J >º >º?
¼ÃÑ>¿E?¼É·£IÁ>»uÆ(¼Â²¹>UÆ(¸»£¶=ÀºTÆf=¹>U¼ÃI>¯«¾
OVFàÈت(¹>»£¶=º@J¶>ÃɪOVFȶ=L>¾>»v¶=Àº´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ
(fQ@Jj=η¢KjɶÅdÂÁÙ(Ð=fQÙ=ÆQÙ=O}b¿¢½ØiÝ=>Ãɪ
(ÍÉ¢f¶=ÀºhQ>¢¸³¶ÊÂ>CÆ(¹>»£·¶ÊÂKjɶÆ*ͶÆb¶=η¢ÊÂ>CÆ
±>«¾Ý=hQ>£·¶À»vIÆ(¤É»R·¶ð>¾>
¼É·£J¶=ÆGÉFìJ¶=À»vIͶÆb¶=ÁÙ
(¹>=KÉEη¢zfªÇÂ>=dÂÁÙ(¸º>¢¦½?ðغ>¢Á>²?Ð=Çi(ÄÉ·¢
*»·j=¤Éη¢zfªÆ
Æ?Í¢>»|Íq>]Í·³nºbQÇI×Æ(¹>»¢Í·³nºbQÇIتÄÉ·¢Æ
ͶÆÖjºÍ¶Æb¶=ÁdzIÍÉ¢f¶=ÁÆÖmÍÈ>¢fE°·£JIÍ·³nº¸³ª(ͺîÙ=ÀºÍÒª
kɶÆ(¼·¶=¤ªeÆÍ·³n=¸Í¶Æb¶=>ÃEGi>>÷² ͺîÙ=Æ(>÷UÀ¢
*¼·¶=ÄÉ·¢¤®ÆÀºÆ?(Í·³n=GU>qǯª¹ÆÖj=
/.3
Á>É¢Ù=e>RÒJi=
H=Æb¶=Æ eÆb¶= e>RÒJi>² Á>É¢Ù= ¤ª>¿º η¢ b¯£¶= aeÆ =cC
ÁdzÈÆ (£¶= Í£«¿º ÁÇ³È ÄÉ·¢ aǯ£= ÁDª (´¶c ÄE>m >ºÆ L=e>Éj¶=Æ
Í£«¿º ÄJ£«¿º ËÆ>jI Ëd¶= ÐÊn¶= C f¿È Á? >ð»J ¸N= fQ? fÈb¯I
£¶=Í£«¿ºÇJjÈÁ?fQ@Jj»·¶e>qb¯ª£¶=e>RÒJi=ÎJºÆ*eÇQ@=
Á? Ä·ª Ìe>Éi Æ? ÍE=a Æ? (>Â>¿³i Ä·ª (ð=e=a fQ@Ji= =cDª (>ÂfQ@Ji= ¶=
>ÂfQ@Ji=>º¸N>ÃvF®=cCÌfQ@Jj=£¶=fQÖÈÁ?fQ@Jj»·¶Æ *>ÃF²fÈ
¸É¶bE(¤ª>¿=xF®½>¯º½>®ÌfQ@Jj=£¶=xF®ÁÙ(s¯¾@EÆ?bÈg@EÆ?
g>Rª¹>=l?fEgÇb¯¢Ä¾ÙÆ(>ÃÉ·¢b¯£¶=g>Rª>ÃɪfrJ¶=gÇľ?
´·I¸NºÇJjÈÁ?Ä·ªÍ£«¿£¶=fQ@Ji==cCľ?ò×C *Á>r¯¿EÆ?Ìa>ÈhE
(Í£«¿=´·I¸NºÀºfN²?ÇJjÈÁ?ĶkɶÆ(efv¶=>þÆa>ºÆ(Í£«¿=
ϲ=ÁDª(įVJjÈ>º¦Æ?(įUÀºfN²?ÇJjÈÁ?ĶgÇ׾Ù
ÁCÆ(¸»=Àº¬]?G²=f¶=ÁÙ>ÃÉ·¢¸»Á?ĶgÇ×(>ÃF²¶ÍE=a
¶=ͪ>j=ÀºfN²?ͪ>jº>ÃF²fÈÁ?Ķh(=d²Íª>jÌe>Éiϲ=
Gn^·¶ð>¾h>÷£Á?Ķkɶ(>ÿ³jɶð=e=afQ@Ji= ÁCÆ(>>ÂfQ@Ji=
*ο³j¶=Àºe=b¶=η¢ð=efufN²?ÁdzÈ>(´¶c¸²>m>ºÆ?bÈb=Æ?
Í£«¿ºÎ·¢aeÆ=cCÆ(ð>£ÉEÁ>²zÇ£E£¶=η¢aeÆ=cCb¯£¶=Á?¸q>=Æ
(>ÂbUÆ£¶=η¢afÈb®b¯£¶=ÁDª=dÂη¢Æ *Ìe>QCÁ>²zÇ£E£¶=
>ÃJ£«¿º¤º£¶=η¢afÈb®Æ(Åf¤ÉEÁÆaÄUØq=bEfĶfRm¤ÉF²
b®Æ(ÄUØq=bEËd¶=f»N¶=¤ÉF²(>ÂbUÆÌf»N¶=η¢afÈb®Æ(e=a¤ÉF²
¶=Í£«¿=η¢aeÆ=cDª *e=b¶=ο³j²£EÍ»j=¦Í£«¿=η¢afÈ
/.4
(£¶=´·£·¶Ën=Á?>»²Æð>£ÉEÀ³ÈÆÌe>QCÁ>²ð>¿É¢J£I×
>ó·º ¶= Í£«¿= fQ@Jj= ´· ´¶d² (L>ªfrJ¶= fÑ>i >ÃE frJÈÆ
f Ën Á? >»³ª *L>ªfrJ¶= fÑ>i >ÃE frJÈ Á? Ä¶Æ (e>RÒJi×>E
Á?£¶=fQ@Jj´¶d²(ÅfRmη¢ÇÂÆÄ£ÉFÈÁ?ÄUØq =bE=cCfRn¶=
*Å=m=Ëd¶=f»N¶=´¶cf»N¶=Ënº´·>»²>ÃJ£«¿º´·Ä¾Ù>ÂfQÖÈ
xF®ÁÙ(>ÃvF®=cCÌfQ@Jj=£¶=fQÖÈÁ?fQ@Jj»·¶gÇľDªÄÉ·¢Æ
>ÃɪfrJ¶=gÇľ?¸É¶bE(¤ª>¿=xF®½>¯º¼Ñ>®e>RÒJi×=U£¶=
xF®Æ£¶=e>RÒJi=ÎJºÆ*ÌfRn¶=η¢Ìf»N¶=¤ÉF²>ÃÉ·¢b¯£¶=g>Rª
¶= £¶= Í£«¿º ÍÉ¢fn¶= L>ªfrJ¶= ¤É fQ@Jj= ´·º >ÃJ£«¿º
Ç·ª(K§·E>»Ãº>Â=fȶ=ÌfQîÙ>E>ÂfQÖÈÁ?Ä·ª(ij·º>þÙ>ÂfQ@Ji=
>ÂQ@I´·»ÉªÍ£«¿=´·Ä¾Ù(g>QÍÑ>j»~>ÂfQ?Æj»~>ÂfQ@Ji=
Ág>^»·¶ Ç·>E λjÈ >º ÁDª =d η¢Æ *>ÂfQ@Ji= > × (Ç Å=fÈ >
Ìeb¯=ÌfQÙ=η¢Ìa>Èg¹>=Àº£º¨·Fº¤ªaÇÂÆ )>¦ÆeÆb¶=Æ
ÐÊm×ÆhÑ>Q)Ä¿ºfQ@JjÈÀº¸F®Àº¹ÆÙ=fQ@Jj»·¶Áh^=Æ?KÉF·¶
ÌfQÙ>E ŧ¶ Åe>RÒJi= Ëd¶= Áh^= Æ? e=b¶= fQÖÈ fQ@Jj= ÁÙ Äɪ
Ìa>ÈhE>ÂfQ@Ji=¶=£·¶Q@I=dÂÆ(Ķ¤ªbÈ>ÃÉ·¢bÑ=g¨·FÆ(Ìeb¯=
>º Q@I Ķ gÇ Ä¾Ù (hÑ>Q fº? ÇÂÆ (>ÃE >ÂfQ@Ji= ¶= ÌfQîÙ= η¢
gÇRɪ ¹>= l?fE gÇ b¯¢ ľ٠(ÅfQ@Ji= > s¯¾@E Æ? bÈg@E ÅfQ@Ji=
*Å=m=>»¢Ìa>ÈhEÄvF®b£E¤ÉF=¤ÉF²Ìa>ÈhE
Ê ¸Â b¯£¶= Ð>ÃJ¾= b¿¢ ´¶>»·¶ eÇQ@= ¼É·jI Ͷ@jº µ>¿ÂÆ
*; ×½?ÄÉ·¢ÍFQ=Æ
/.5
ÁCÄÉ·¢ÍFQ=ÆfQÖ»·¶eÇQ@=Ìa>¢C Á?Ç´¶cη¢H=Ç=Æ
η¢ 6¹>® U¿¶=À¢ÌfÀ¢b?ÏÆe>(ÅbÈKeÇQ@=Á>²
ÁDª f¿Éª ÅbÈ K eÇQ@= À³È ÁC >º? *ÄÈaÖI ÎJU Ld]? >º bɶ=
(>ÃFU>r¶ÌeÇQ@=£¶=¤QfÈÁ?Gq>§¶=η¢ÁDª(ð>Fr¦Ä¿ºGrJ¦=
b?Tf]?b¯ª(£¶=afEeǺ@=ÇÂGq>§¶=ÁÙ(fQ@Jj=η¢kɶÆ
¼²bU?Ád]@È× U =¹Çie¹>® 6¹>®ÄÉE?À¢bÈhÈÀEGÑ>j¶=À¢
ÄÉ·¢>Âa·ªÄFU>q>r¢¼²bU?d]?=cCÆ(ð>F¢××Æð=a>QÄFU>q¥>Jº
(ŧ¶eÇQ@=e>¢?ÁC>º?*ŦÀº½?>ÃFU>qÀº>Âd]?Ð=Çi½>¢=dÂÆ
ÄÉ·¢G´·=GU>qEÆÄ¿ÉEËd¶=b¯£¶=Ð>ÃJ¾=b£EľDªÄ¶ÅfQ?Æ?
ÎJU Ld]? >º bɶ= η¢ 6OÈbU ½Ç»£¶ ´¶cÆ (ij¶> eÇQ@= ¼É·jI
Gr§¶=aeÆ>»²ÄÉ¿NJjÈ>¦Æ?Ìe>QÝ=f]As¾L@ÈÆÄÈaÖI
OÈb= ÁC ¹>¯È ×Æ *ÄÈaÖI ÎJU 6ĶǮ ĺǻ¢ η¢ ίFÈ ´¶d¶Æ
Ç Ádzɪ ÄÈaÖI Á? >ÃÉ·£ª Ld]? ÅbÈ ÁÙ (ð>vÈ? ʾ>N¶= fQ@Jj= ¸»nÈ
fQ@Jj= η¢ °Fì¾= ÁCÆ OÈb= ÁÙ ´¶c ¹>¯È × *Ð=aÙ= ÄÉ·¢ Ëd¶=
fQ@Jj= 磪 (¹ÆÙ= fQ@Jj= À¢ eÇQ@= Ð=a? ¯jÈ × Ä¿³¶Æ (ʾ>N¶=
£¶=ËaÖÈÁ?ʾ>N¶=fQ@Jj=η¢Æ(>ó¶>ÌeÇQ@=£¶=ËaÖÈÁ?¹ÆÙ=
¯jÈ×¹ÆÙ=fQ@Jj=η¢>ÃÑ=a?HÇQÆÆ *¹ÆÙ=fQ@Jj»·¶ÌeÇQ@=
×ʾ>N¶=fQ@Jj=η¢>ÃÑ=a?HÇQÆ´¶d²Æ *ʾ>N¶=fQ@Jj=À¢>ÂÐ=a?
Ä»·iÆÇÂàÅfQä ?Àº°V·È´¶>=Á?ò×C *¹ÆÙ=fQ@Jj=À¢>ÂÐ=a?¯jÈ
¼M f]Û =ðe=a s^m fQ? =cC ´¶c η¢Æ *¹ÆÙ= fQ@Jj= ÇÂÆ (£¶=
=cCľDª$¸QeÇ·]%ľǻjÈ>ºd]?Ë?(bÈg?ÌfQ@Eŧ¶fQ@Jj=>ÂfQ?
//,
¼·jÈÁ?ÄÉ·¢ð>º=h¶e>qÆ(b¯£¶=ÎÃJ¾=¹ÆÙ=fQ@Jj»·¶Ìe>QÝ=ÌbºKÃJ¾=
ÁCÆ(ľ>ì·iK¸Jª(Ä£ºb¯£¶=>ÃFU>qabÁ?ò×C(>ÃFU>r¶e=b¶=
b®Äj«¾J£ÈÆ(ʾ>N¶=fQ@Jj=¤ºb¯£¶=>ÃFU>qËfÆ?(ÅbÈKÀ³I
>û·iľ?J£ÈÆ(e=b¶=¼É·jIÀº¹ÆÙ=fQ@Jj=?ÈdÒ¿ÉUÆ*e=b¶=¼·Ji=
*ʾ>N¶=fQ@Jj=¤º>ó¶>ºÍ®Ø¢Le>qÆ>ó¶>
//-
ο³j·¶eÆb¶=e>RÒJi=
ŦĿ³jÈÁ?ĶÆ(ÇÂÄ¿³jÈÁ?Ä·ªÎ¿³j·¶ð=e>¯¢fQ@Ji=Àº
*ÄFÑ>¿EÆÄj«¿EÄÉ·¢aǯ£=Ð>«ÉJi=ĶÁÙ(ĺ>¯º½Ç¯ÈÁ>²=cCÐ>nÈÀ
ðØɲƸ²ÆǶ>»²g>Rª(ÄÉ·¢aǯ£=Ð>«ÉJi=Ä¿¢GÑ>¾Ä¿³jÈËd¶=Æ
pf«¶=ÀºÄEÀ²>j¶=Ìa>¢LfQ>ºe>¯£¶=¤¿rÈÁ?ĶÆ*¤ÉF=xF®
e>¯£¶= Àò³jÈ Á? fQ@Jj»·¶ kɶ ľ? ×C *´¶c ¦Æ ½>£ì¶=Æ P>MÙ=Æ
À³jÈت(e>¯£¶=η¢ÇÂÅefuÀºbm?ÅefuÁdzÈÀºÅfQ@Ji=Ëd¶=
Æ?ð=e>r®fQ@Jj=À³ÈÁCÀÈa=b=ÆÀÈe>r¯¶=¸Nºe>¯£¶>EfvÈ>ºÄɪ
*>ÃÉ·¢b¯£¶=ÏfQ¶=Í£«¿=ÀºfN²?ÇÂÆ(>ÃEfvº´¶cÁÙ(ð=a=bU
ĶgÇت(e>£J¶>EǶÆe>¯£¶==d¸N ͪÆf£ºÍ£«¿ºÎ·¢ÏfQb¯£¶>ª
*>ÃÉ·¢Ìe>QÝ=b¯¢ÏfQ¶=Í£«¿=ÀºfN²?Í£«¿ºÇJjÈÁ?
¸Eο³j¶=η¢s¿ÈÁ?Cο³j·¶e=b¶=e>RÒJi=T>J×Æ
×e=b¶=ÁÙ>ÃJ«q×Æ(ο³j¶=f²cCT>J×Æ(b¯£¶=±Ø{Cg>Q
¼·ªjÈο³j¶=LÆ>«J¶=ÁÙÆ7>Âf²cÀ¢§Ji>ªÎ¿³j·¶×CϳI
¬·JÌe>QÝ=ÌbºÆ*ÄIe>QCÌbºÅ§¶e=b¶=fQÖÈÁ?ĶÆ*ÄìFuCSJ
ÐÊnE fÃm ¸² η¢ Ìe>QÝ= K£®Æ =cDª *b¯£¶= s¾ ØJ]>E >Âe>FJ¢=
fÃn¶=Á?×C*fÃm¸²Ð>v¯¾=b¿¢×C_j«¶=>»Ã¿ºbU=ǶÀ³È½Ç·£º
(½Ç·£ºfQ?ĶÆb¯£¶=ʷȽǷ£ºÄ¾Ù(b¯£¶=±Ø{DEÄɪÌe>QÝ=½h·I¹ÆÙ=
=cDª *e=b¶=ο³j¶=ÇÂÆÄEkF·J¶>EÄɪb¯£¶=½h·ÈeÇÃn¶=ÀºÅb£E>ºÆ
_jªÆ?(ÄEkF·JÈÁCÆ*¹ÆÙ=b¯£¶=XrªÄɪ¹Ç]b¶>E£IÄEkF·I
KFNIfÃmkF·J¶=µfIÎJ»ª *_j«¾=¹ÆÙ=fÃn¶=Ð>v¯¾=b¿¢b¯£¶=
//.
fÃm ¸² =ðfÃm ÀÈfn¢ Ëe=a ´IfQ? ¹>® ÁCÆ *b¯£¶= ½b£¶ Äɪ Ìe>QÝ=
b¯£¶=_jª>»Ã¿ºbU=ǶkɶÆ(½Ç·£º>ÂfQ?ÆͺǷ£ºÌb=ÁÙ(g>Q=d³E
Í¿j¶=Ð>v¯¾=¸F®Ä¶=bFªÍ¿iÌbºð=e=afQ@Ji=ÁCÆ*ÌbU=ÆÌbº>þÙ(¹>}
*Í·º>²ÌfQÙ=ÄJºh¶b¯ª>Ãv¯¾
Àº fQ@Jj= ÄE À³»JÈ >º ½>C fQÖ= 磪 Åe=a bU? fäQ? =cCÆ
Ïf
Æ (H=ÇEÙ= ¸»¢Æ (½>»= É·FIÆ (e=b¶= XÉI>«º ¼É·jJ² (¥>«J¾×=
>º? *e=b¶>E¥>«J¾×=ÀºÀ³»JɶÅa>CÆ?ÄUØqCCT>J>º¸²Æ(Ð>=
Í¢>iÆ Ð>= Í¢>iÆ Ç¶b¶=Æ ¸F=Æ ¸¯¿J= ¼·j¶>² ¤ª>¿= Ð>«ÉJi× Á>² >º
ð=bU=Æ ½h·È ت °ÈÆhJ¶=Æ jVJ·¶ ½h·È >º >º? *fQ@Jj= 磪 Ð>Efó¶=
¬É¿³¶=Æ͢Ƕ>F¶=Íɯ¿IÆe=b¶=xÉÉFI>º? *ľÆbEÀ³¥>«J¾×=ÁÙ>»Ã¿º
ÀºÄEÀ³»JÈ>´¶cÁÙ(fQÖ=磪Ð=f³¶=b¿¢´¶cCSÉJU=ÁDª
η¢ÇêͶ>Eh¶=¸¯¾>º? *>çÈf«IÄÉ·£ªË³=¸£«ELÚJº=ÁCÆ¥>«J¾×=
>ºL>¯«¾¤ªaÌe>QÝ=b¯¢fQ@Jj=η¢fQÖ=fm=cDª *fQ@Jj=
ÎvJ¯ºÄJ«¶>^bi>ªfn¶>ª¥>«J¾×=ÀºÄEÀ³>ÄÉ·¢¥fn¶=ÄFQÆ?
η¢ G >º L>¯«¾ ¤ªa fQÖ= η¢ fQ@Jj= fm Ƕ ´¶d²Æ *b¯£¶=
fQ@Jj=ÆfQÖ=L>º=cCÆ *b¯£¶=ÎvJ¯ºÄJ«¶>^bi>ªfn¶>ªfQ@Jj=
¤º LÇ>E _j«¿È × ½g× b¯¢ Ìe>QÝ= ÁÙ (>>} Ìe>QÝ>ª >»ÂbU? Æ?
*ÄÉ·¢aǯ£=ͺØi
///
½=fU>÷²ÌÇmf¶=
l>¿¶=>rºÀºÍV·rºÐ>v®ÄÉ·¢GQÇIÍÉUØq´·Àº¸²
×Æ(ÌÇmeÄ·F®ÀºÍV·r=ÅdÂÐ>v®¸Q?Àºd]ÖÈËd¶=¹>=ÁdzÈ
Á? Ç ÌÇmf¶=Æ ÌfQÙ= E ±f«¶=Æ *¹=ÇUÙ= Àº ¹>} ×Æ ÌfQ? ÁdzÈ
¸E>¯ºd]ÖJªÌÇmf¶=>º?(ÄE½>ɯ¶=G׸»£E½>ɯ¶=¸E>¯ºd]ÖIÌfQÙ=
¸E>¯ºÆ?(Ä·QÙ¸»£¶>E½>¯ÈÀ¸E>¯º ÁÆbEÄE½>ɯ¶=G ¸»£E½>ɯ¶=
Ëd¶=¹>=ÊÂÌÇmf¶>ª´¶cη¢Æ *ÄE½>ɯ¶=ÄÉ·¢G¸»£E½>ɯ¶=½b¢
ÍV·rºÐ>v®Æ?(>ÂÕ>v®d]Û=η¢GÍV·rºÐ>v®¸Q?ÀºÎì£È
Í£«¿ºG·QÍV·r=K¾>²?Ð=Çi(¸»¢ÀºÄÉ·¢G>d]Û=½>É®½b£E
ÌÇmf¶=¤ª=b¶¹>¯ÈÆ *Ø
ð {>E½?ð>¯UÍV·r=K¾>²?Ð=ÇiÆ(Ìfvº¤ªa½?
*oÑ=f¶=>»Ã¿ÉEÉiÇ·¶Æ(ÊnIf=>xE>¯·¶Æ(Êm=f¶=
aÆ=a ÇE?Æ b? ÏÆe b¯ª (tÇr¿¶= XÈfrE ½=fU ÌÇmf¶=Æ
Í¿£¶ 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®Æf»¢ÀE=bF¢À¢ÍQ>ºÀE=ÆËdº¶=Æ
= ¹Çie À£¶ 6¹>® Á>EÇM À¢ b? ÏÆeÆ ÊnIf=Æ Êm=f¶= η¢ =
OÈa>UÙ=ÅdÂÆ *>»Ã¿ÉEÊnËd¶=£ÈoÑ=f¶=ÆÊnIf=ÆÊm=f¶= U
Ð=ÇiÆ(¸{>EG·ì¶ ½?(°UG·ì¶K¾>²?Ð=Çi(ÌÇme ¸²¸»nJªÍº>¢
>÷³ª¼·¥>¯ÈÝ ½?¼·¤ªf¶(Í£«¿ºG·½?(Ïc?¤ªaG·ì¶K¾>²?
ÁDª (°U Í¢>uC Æ? (¸{>E G·{ >þ٠½=fU ÌÇmf¶= ÁC ¹>¯È ×Æ *½=fU
Êê ¼· ¤ªe Æ? (°U G·ì¶ K¾>² ÁC >º? (½=fU Êê ´¶d² K¾>²
=cDªÍ·£EðØ·£ºÐ>QÌÇmf¶=¼Èf Á?£È=d ÁÙ ´¶c¹>¯È×(¹ØU
ÁÙ (XÉVq ¦ =dÂÆ (¼³= GÂc KFÂc =cCÆ (¼³= bQÆ LbQÆ
//0
(¸·£¶=ÀºÍ·£E>Ãf¸·£IÌÇmf¶=¼ÈfLÐ>Q¶=tÇr¿¶=¤É
´¶d¶Æ(ÌÇmf¶=¼ÈfVJ¶Í·¢Ä¿ºF¿Jj¾>ºs¾Ë?×Æ>ÃɪbQÇÈ×Æ
Ð>v®ÁC¹>¯È×Æ *>ð¯·ìº>Í·¢Øª¸·£=¦ XÈfr¶=s¿·¶>ÃfÁ>²
ÇÂÆ(¹ØU¸»£E½>ɯ·¶¹>ºd]?ľÙg>QÌÇmeÄFU>qÀºd]?=cC°=
(ͺ>¢LÐ>QÌÇmf¶=KºfU¶=tÇr¿¶=ÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È×(°=Ð>v®
Ð>¿NJi=Æ>ÃrÉrbÈe?=cDª(ÌÇmf¶=¥=Ǿ?¤É¸»nI>úǻ¢Î·¢Î¯FJª
× s¿¶= ÁÙ (>Ãrr f]A s¾ C fºÙ= T>JU= ÌÇmf¶= ¥=Ǿ? x£E
*sÉrÁÆaͺ>¢Î¯FJªs¾afÈÆ(Í¿iÆ?H>J²Àºs¾×CÄrr
Æ? (°U G·{ ÁdzI Á? E ±fª × (½=fU ÌÇmf¶= ¥=Ǿ? ¤É»Rª ÄÉ·¢Æ
>÷³ª (Í£«¿º G·Q Æ? Ïc? ¤ªa (¼· ¥>¯ÈC Æ? ¼· ¤ªe (¸{>E G·{
*s¿¶=½Ç»¢K¸]bI
Æ? (¼²>V·¶ ÁdzI Á? E ÌÇmf¶= ¼Èf ±fª × ´¶d²Æ
À¢b?ÏÆeb®¹>¯È×Æ *½=fU>÷³ª´¶c¦Æ?kÉÑf·¶Æ?¬Ç»·¶
ÊnIf=Æ Êm=f¶= η¢ = Í¿£¶ 6 U = ¹Çie¹>®6¹>®ÌfÈfÂÊE?
ÁÙ´¶c¹>¯È× *bɯ=η¢°·ì=¸»Vɪ¼³=bɯº=dÂÆ ¼³=
«·¶=>º?(½>£¶= «·¶=×°·ì= «·¶=ÇÂĶð=bÉ®¬qǶ=J£ÈËd¶= «·¶=
¸ÉF®ÀºÁdzÈľDªbɮģºaeÆ=cCÆ(bÉɯJ¶=×sÉr^J¶=ÄɪËfRɪ½>£¶=
ÊnIf=ÆÊm=f¶= «¶>¿ÂÆ*bÉɯJ¶=¸ÉF®Àº×Åa=fª?ÀºafªÎ·¢sÉr¿J¶=
¼³= 6ĶǮÁdzÈ×´¶d¶Æ(ð>¯·ìºð>«¶kɶƽ>¢ «¶oÑ=f¶=Æ
Àº afª η¢ >ðrÉr¿I ÁÇ³È ¸E OÈa>UÙ= Ê®>E ÄÉ·¢ ¸» ÎJU Ķ =ðbÉ®
¸³ª *>úǻ¢Î·¢¸IÆ(ͺ>¢>÷²OÈa>UÙ=ίFJª¼³=ÇÂÆÅa=fª?
Ê{fn¶=ÌÇmfª *´¶c§¶½?¬Ç½?¼²>K¾>²?Ð=Çi½=fUÌÇme
//1
×ÎJUÆ?(>ÃE¸§JnɶͲfn¶=fÈbºÌÇmeÆ(¼²>=ÌÇmf²ÏcÙ=¤ªb¶
*ħ·FÈ × ÎJU ËÆ>¢b¶= ¨·Fº Æ? (GÑ=fv¶= ¸r ÌÇmf² >ÿº \çfjàÈ
¸º>£¶=ÌÇmf²´¶c§¶Æ?¸»£¶=¼Ã¿¢¬«ÎJU¹>»£¶=kÉÑeÌÇmeÆ
E Àº ÌbÈbQ Í¢>vE Ķ ʯJ¿È Á? ¸E>¯º ÁÇEh¶= >Â>ÈC ÄÉì£È fQ>J¶= b¿¢
H>J³¶=GU>q>Â>ÈCÄÉì£ÈÄ·»¢À¯JɶͣFì=¸º>¢ÌÇmf²Æ(¤Ñ>vF¶=
d]ÖÈ ¹>º >þ٠½=fU >÷²Æ (ÌÇme >÷³ª (Í£Fì= GU>q À¢ Í·«¦
¸]bÈÆ*Ä·QÙ¸»£¶>E½>¯ÈÀ¸E>¯ºÁÆaÄE½>ɯ¶=G¸»£E½>ɯ¶=¸E>¯º
ÄÈb¶ÅcÇ«¾¸»£Jjɶ¬Çºb¿¢ÍÂ>QÆĶÀ¼Ãv£EÄ£ªbÈ>ºÌÇmf¶=
Ëd¶= >CÆ (¹>= d]@È Ëd¶= Ç kɶ ¬Ç= À³¶Æ (ÍQ>U Ķ Êv¯É¶
ð>vÈ?=dê*ÄJ>³º¸E>¯º¹>=Ķ¤ªbɪ*¬Ç=¼·³ÈËd¶=ǹ>=d]@È
>ÂÕ>v® ÄÉ·¢ G À ÍV·rº Ð>v® ¸E>¯º Êì¢î? ¹>= =d ÁÙ ÌÇme
nÈ×cC *Åd]@Ƚ?ÍV·r=Îv®ÀºÅd]?Ð=Çi(ÌÇmeÁ>³ª
fn¶=¸E(ÍV·r=Ð>v¯E½>ɯ¶=fm>EÀºÅd]@ÈÁ?ÌÇme¹>=ÁDz°¯
Åd]?Ð=Çi(¸»£¶>E½>ɯ¶=¸E>¯º¹>==dÂd]ÖÈÁ?ÌÇme¹>=ÁDz
(´¶c¦½?ÄjÉÑe½?ÄFÈf®½?(Åb¿¢ÍÂ>QÆĶÀº½?įÈbq½?(s^n¶=
G ÍV·rº Ð>v® ¸E>¯º d]ÖÈ Á? ÌÇme ¹>= ÁDz °¯ Ì£¶= cC
*ĶÎv¯IÀ¸E>¯ºÁÆa>ÂÕ>v®
ÎJU¼>Nº?ƹ>»£¶=ƽ>³V·¶ÏbÃIÍÈb=ͺf=ÌÇmf¶=¸NºÆ
¸Q?Àºd]ÖÈð×>º>þDzOÉUÀº>ÃÃFnI>þÙÌÇmf¶=Àº¼Ãv£E>Âb¢
E±f«¶=Æ *Ä·QÙ¸»£¶>E½>¯ÈÀ¸E>¯ºÁÆaÄE½>ɯ¶=G¸»£E½>ɯ¶=
ÌÇmf¶= Á? Ç ¼>Nº?Æ ¹>»£¶=Æ ½>³V·¶ ÏbÃI ¶= ÍÈb= EÆ ÌÇmf¶=
¼>Nº?Æ ¹>»£¶=Æ ½>³= >È=b >º? (ÍV·r= Ð>v® ¸E>¯º ¹>= >Ãɪ Îì£È
//2
ÁÙ¸E(ÍV·r=Ð>v®¸E>¯º×(ÍV·r=GU>qÀº>ÃɪÏbÃȹ>=ÁDª
ËbÂ?Ð=Çi *ÄJìi=ÇEÆ?Äj«¿E>r=Ð>v®ðØ£ªÇJÈÄɶCÏbÃÈËd¶=
Ð>v®ð>£»{½?(Í¿É£ºÍV·rºÐ>v®b£E½?(Í¿É£ºÍV·rºÐ>v®ð>£»{
¼²>V·¶ÏbÃI¶=ÍÈb=ÆÌÇmf¶=K¾>²>¿ÂÀºÆ *>ÇrUU>r=
ÀºÐÊmÄɪ>»Ã£®=ÆÀ³¶Æ(f]Û=η¢>»ÂbU?l>¯ÈÆ(ÃE>nJºÄ·NºÆ
>ðfq >»>Nº?Æ ¸º>£¶=Æ ¼²>V·¶ ÍÈb= ¼Èf Ð>Q b®Æ (ØJ]×=
U ¿¶= Á? 6Ëb¢>j¶= bÉ ÊE? À¢ Ëe>^F¶= ÏÆe b¯ª OÈa>UÙ=
U = ¹Çie C Ð>Q >»·ª ¼É·i E L>®bq η¢ ÍçÉFJö·¶= ÀE= ¸»£Ji=
U =¹Çie¹>¯ª(ʶKÈbÂ?ÍÈbÂÅdÂÆ(¼³¶Ëd¶==dÂ6¹>®ÄFi>UÆ
¼Mð>®a>qK¿²ÁC´JÈb´ÉI@IÎJU´º?KÉEÆ´ÉE?KÉEKj·QØê
ʾDªb£E>º?6¹>®¼MÄÉ·¢Î¿M?Æ=bÆl>¿¶=Gì^ª U =¹Çie½>®
¼³¶=d¹ǯɪ¼²bU?ÊI@ɪ=ʾ×Æ>eǺ?η¢¼³¿ºð×>Qe¸»£Ji?
ÁCÄJÈbÂÄÉI@IÎJUĺ?KÉEÆÄÉE?KÉEk·QØê*ʶKÈbÂ?ÍÈbÂÅdÂÆ
½ÇÈÄ·»=Ð>Q×CįU§Eð>ÒÉm>ÿº¼²bU?d]@È×=Ǫ *ð>®a>qÁ>²
η¢Å>¿·»£Ji=Àº 6¹>®U¿¶=À¢ÌbÈfEÀ¢aÆ=aÇE?ÏÆeÆ*ͺ>ɯ¶=
U¹Çif¶=>Â>b®Æ? ¹Ç·¦Çê´¶cb£Ed]?>»ªð>®geÅ>¿®gfª¸»¢
Á?k¾?À¢ÄE>nJ=sÉ^·IGÉì=Tf]?b¯ª(ð>º=fUð×>ºË?ð>JVi
aÇ£jºÀE=À¢±ÆfjºÀ¢Ê³U *KVi¹>»£¶=>È=b 6¹>® U¿¶=
Á? KVj¶= À³¶Æ (× 6¹>¯ª ; ÌÇmf¶= ÇÂ? KVj¶= À¢ ¸Òi > ľ?
°É¯m¸Ñ=ÆÇE?¹>®Æ*¸F¯Iت(´¶ËbÃɪÄJ»·ºÎ·¢¸Qf¶=´¿É£JjÈ
=cCÆ(KVj¶=¸²?b¯ªÍÈb=d]?=cCÊu>¯¶= £E>J¶=Í»Ñ?bU?Í»·iÀE=
OÈbUÆbÉÊE?OÈbUOÈa>UÙ=Ådê *f«³¶=ÄEK§·EÌÇmf¶=d]?
//3
ÁǶÇJÈ À ÏbÃI ¶= >È=b= Á? Ífq >÷² k¾? OÈbUÆ ÌbÈfE
(ÄE½>ɯ¶=¸F® ½?(£º¸»£E½>ɯ¶=b£EKÈbÂ?Ð=Çi½=fUͺ>£¶=¹>»¢Ù=
ĶÁÙĶKÈbÂ?½?(eǺÙ=Àºfº?ÍÉUØqGU>qľÙĶKÈbÂ? ½?
Í«¶LÐ>Qb®Æ (½=fU>÷² Ådê(ÍV·r=Ð>v®ÅbÉEÀº b¿¢ÍÂ>QÆ
*¹>»£·¶ ÍÈb ¸² ¸»nI ͺ>¢ KVi ¹>»£¶= >È=b 6OÈbU >È=bÂ
>ÂÕ>v®ÄÉ·¢Gl>¿·¶ÍV·rºÐ>v®ÇIÀº¸²¹>»£¶=η¢l>¯ÈÆ
d]ÖI Æ? ÍÈb d]@È Á? ÄÉ·¢ ½f ľDª Ķ Îv¯I À d]ÖÈ ¸E>¯º ÁÆa
(Ͳfn¶= kÉÑeÆ Ê{fn¶>ª *>ÃÑ>v® >ð£»{ ÍV·r= Åd Ķ À ÍÈbÂ
ÍÈb=ÁdzIÆ(>È=b=d]?¼ÃÉ·¢½fÐ×Ö¸NºÇÂÀºÆ(¹>»£¶=kÉÑeÆ
*>ðJVi¼
Á?ËbÃî=Ìa>¢ÀºÀ³È=cCð>º=fUÁdzIÐ×ÖÍÈb=Á?×C
Ð>v®ÁǶÇJÈ=Ǿ>²?Ð=Çi¼ËbÃÈÁ?ÄIa>¢ÀºÁ>²ÁC>º?¼ËbÃÈ
¹Ç¯ÈU¹Çif¶=ÁÙ*>ÃɪÐÊm×ƼÍÈb=gÇľDª(×½?>rº
ÁC ´JÈb ´ÉI@I ÎJU ´º? KÉEÆ ´ÉE? KÉE Kj·Q Øê 6OÈb=
ÄÉE? KÉE k¶>Q ÇÂÆ Ä¶ ÏbÃI ¶= ÍÈb= ÁC ĺÇëºÆ ð>®a>q K¿²
>ÃÈbúÁ@mÀº¶=ÍÈb=Á?£È=dÂÆ*ÌhÑ>Qðغ>¢ÁdzÈÁ?ÁÆaĺ?Æ
Ð>v®ÄɶÇI¹>UÌhÑ>QÊê>rºÇJÈÀ³ÈǶs^n·¶>ÃÈbÃÈÁ?
>ÃÉ·¢°Fì¿I×Æ(>r=Ð>v®ÄɶÇI½b¢¹>UÌhÑ>QÊÂ>»²>r=
*OÈb=½Çë>ÿºÌ>¿NJjºÊêÊÿ¶=OÈa>U?
//4
ÀÂf[¶=
6>£I¹>® *kF=ÀºÇ¸ɮÆ(½=Æb¶=ÆLÇFN¶=ͧ·¶=À[Âf[¶=
> §¬±¨ÏRV<k°FXqÕ0W_[\-¯ÙÝW5r#Å @(> §«ª¨¸ÛÜ°FXq_ _[RÝ°{®p×'r#Å @
ÁCÄ¿ÀºÎªÇJjɶ(ÀÈb¶>EͯÉMƸ£Ëd¶=¹>=ð>¢fmÀÂf¶=Æ*ÌbɯºË?
*¥fn¶=>Âg>Q?¶=Lغ>£=ÀºÆhÑ>QÇÂÆ *ÄÉ·¢ÇÂÀÅÕ>«ÉJi=ed£I
;°"[TÀi¦HV" ×1VXTm[Ý\yrQ"Wà Ô2È)=ÅD¯XT @6>£I¹>®6Í¿j¶=ÆH>J³¶=ķɶaÆ
U ¿¶=Á? ¿ºÖ=½?ÍnÑ>¢À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ > ¸R_ªSÈÙ% ·C\F®mVÙ
Ëdº¶=ÏÆeÆ *bÈbUÀºð>¢eaÄ¿ÂeƸQ?CËaÇÃÈÀºð>º>£{Ïm=
½>£{Àºð>¢>qÀÈfn£E;ÇÂfºÄ¢eaÆ U ¿¶=ÇàI 6¹>®l>F¢ÀE=À¢
Ķð>¢eaU¿¶=ÀÂeb¯¶Æ 6¹>®k¾?À¢Ëe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ*Ä·ÂÙÅd]?
f«j¶= hÑ>Q ÀÂf¶=Æ *Ä·ÂÙ ð=£m Ä¿º d]?Æ ËaÇÃÈ b¿¢ Í¿Èb>E
(ð=bÉ®kɶƹ>UÍ£®=ÆÁ>ÉE> m[Ý\yrQ"WÃÔ2È)=ÅD¯XT @6Í»·²ÁÙ(fv=Æ
Àº ð>¢ea Ä¿ÂeÆ ô¸Q? C ËaÇÃÈ Àº ð>º>£{ Ïm= U ¿¶= Á? 6¸É¶bE
ð>uÇF¯º×CÀÂf¶=gÇ×Æ*f«iÀ³ÈÆÍ¿Èb=¿¶=Á>²Æ*bÈbU
ÀÂf¶=xF¯¶=Í«qÆ*> ¸R_ªSÈÙ%·C\F®mVÙ @6>£IĶǯ¶b¯£¶=k«¾
¸¯¿È×>Á>²>ºÆ(Äj«¾C¸¯¾¸¯¿È>Á>²>»ª *ÄÉ·¢ÅbÈ°·ìÈÁ?
Ä¿ÉEÄ¿Â=eÍÉ·ÄvF®Á>²Ë?(ÄìFuη¢ÅbÈK¯·{?ueÙ=ÆeÆb¶>²
xF®½Ç¯ÈÆ(ÀÂf¶=xF®¸²ÇÈÁ?gÇÆ(ľÆa¸Ñ>U×Ä¿ÃIfºEÆ
>º¸²hÑ>QÀÂf¶=Æ *ĺ>³U?fÑ>iÆÀÂf¶=½Æh¶ÄvF®½>¯ºÄ·É²Æ
±>NÉJi×=ÀÂf¶=aÇr¯ºÁÙ(>ÿÂeg>Q>ãÉEg>Q¢¸³ª *Ä£ÉEgÇ
(ÀÂ=f¶=ͺcÀºÅÕ>«ÉJi=ed£IÁCÀÂf¶=ÀÀºÄÑ>«ÉJi=C¸qÇJ·¶ÀÈb¶>E
£¶=Æ ¬®Ç¶>²Æ (½>¿qÙ=Æ f»>² Ä£ÉE gÇ × >»Éª ÀÂf¶= gÇ ×Æ
*Ä£ÉEgÇ×>´¶cÄE>m>ºÆ;ÇÂf=
//5
ÀÂf¶>EÀÃIf=¥>«J¾=
ľ?ò×C*>ÃvF®b£EÀÃIf=bÈK£¶=KVFq?b¯ªÀÂf¶==cC
K;ÇÂf=£¶=aÇQƸE(ÀÂf¶>E¤«J¿ÈÁ?ÀÃIf»·¶Á?´¶cο£ºkɶ
ÎJUij¶>ÀÂf¶=ίFÈÆ(¯ªÄ¿Èaη¢Ä®>NÉJi=afÇÂ>CÀÃIf=bÈ
´·»JÈÍÉ·Â>=ÀÃIf=Á>²b®Æ(ÀÂ=f¶=η¢ÀÈb¶=ÀÃIf=°VJi=ǶÆ
½ØiÝ=Ð>Rª(HÆfv=K®Ç¶=įVJjÈ>ºÄɶCÀÂ=f¶=aÖÈ=cCÀÂf¶=
(Ä¿ÂeËd¶=ÄFU>qÀºÀÂf¶= °·§È× 6½Øj¶=ÆÌØr¶=ÄÉ·¢¹>®(Ä·ìE?Æ
¹Ç¯ª *GÉj= ÀE bÉ£i °Èf{ Àº Ê£ª>n¶= Å=Æe ĺf¦ ÄÉ·¢Æ Ä»¿¦ Ķ
=cC ÀÂf¶= ÀÃIf= °VJjÈ × Ë? (ÄFU>q Àº ÀÂf¶= °·§È × ¹Çif¶=
ίFIÆ(ÀÂ=f·¶ð>³·ºÍ¾ÇÂf=£¶=ίFJª*Æfn=K®Ç¶=ÄFU>qijJ«È
(Ä»¿¦ Ķ 6½Øj¶= ÄÉ·¢ ĶǮ Í·]=aÆ (Ä»¿¦ >þ٠(Ķ >ð³·º >ÃJ£«¿º
Ð=Çi >ÿ¢ KRJ¾ b¯ª (;ÇÂf= £·¶ Ð> Í£«¿= ÁDª ´¶c η¢ ÌÆØ¢Æ
b¶ÆÆ (fRn¶= f»N² >ð¿É¢ Á>² ½? (e=b¶= ο³j² Í£«¿º Ð>»¿¶= =d Á>²?
b¯£¶=cC *>ð¿ÂeÀ³I¼·ªÀÂf¶=b¯¢>ÃÉ·¢¤¯ÈÀÂ=f·¶´·ºÊê(Ìf¯F¶=
Á? Ķ ÁDª ÀÂ=f¶= ´·º Í£«¿= Kº=a >ºÆ (>ÃJ£«¿º η¢ × (£¶= η¢
>ÂfQ? Ð=Çi (>ÃIfQî? ÇJjÈ Á?Æ (;ÇÂf= e=b¶= fQÖÈ Á? Ä·ª (>ÃɪÇJjÈ
×Æ(ÀÂ=f·¶ð>³·ºÁdzI¸E(ð>¿ÂeÌfQîÙ=ÅdÂÁdzI×Æ(ŧ¶½?ÀÃIf»·¶
f²c ÁÆa ¤ÉF¶= ¸]bI ¶= e>¯£¶= ¤E=ÇI Àº Kjɶ >þ٠(ÀÂf¶= ¤FJI
>þ?ÍR};ÇÂf=£¶>E¥>«J¾×=ÀÃIf»·¶kÉ·ª=dÂη¢Æ(e=b¶=XÉI>«»²
*>ÃFU>r¶>ÃJ£«¿º¸E(ÅbÈK>þ?Æ?(Ķ;ÇÂfº
Á?Ķ>»²(Í£«¿=GÃÈÁ?ĶÁDª>ó¶>£¶=Í£«¿ºK¾>²>Æ
/0,
ÀÂ=f¶= ÁcC Á? ×ò C (£¶>E ¥>«J¾×>E Ð>nÈ À Ác@È Á? Ä¶Æ (£¶= GÃÈ
gÇľDª(ŦÁcCÀ¢Ä»³U¬·J>ÿÃIe=¶=£¶>E¤«J¿ÈÁ@EÀÃIf»·¶
ľcC>º? *;ÇÂf=£¶>E¤«J¿ÈÁ?ÀÃIf=¦Á>j¾CËÙÁc@ÈÁ?ÀÂ=f·¶
Æ?(e=aÌfQî?Æ?(¤ÉEÀ»NEÀÂf¶=Á>²ÁCľ?ÇÂÆ *¸Ér«IÄÉ«ªÀÃIf»·¶
*ÀÂ=f¶= ÁcDE ;ÇÂf= £¶>E ¥>«J¾×= ÀÃIf»·¶ g>Q zf¯¶= ¦ ÀÈa Ë?
ÀÃIf=´¶c¸»nÈÆ(ÄE¥>«J¾×>EÐ>nÈÀÁc@ÈÁ?Ķij·ºÄ¾Ù´¶cÆ
(ÀÃIf=NJjÈs¾Ë?afÈcC(´¶cÀº¤¿s¾bQÇÈ×Æ(ŦÆ
bÈhÈÁ?fQÖ»·¶gÇÆ(À»N¶=bÈhÈÁ?¤Ñ>F·¶gÇľÙÆ(ð>º>¢¼³=ίFɪ
Àη¢ Ìa>Èg£¶>E¥>«J¾×>EÁc@ÈÁ? gÇRɪ(¸QÙ K¾>² =cCÌfQÙ=
× Ä¾Ù (>Ee ´¶c J£È ×Æ *ÌfQ@Jj= £¶= ÌfQ? η¢ Ìa>Èg Æ? (¤ÉF=
¶= ÍÈÇEf¶= Ð>ÉmÙ= ¸]bÈ ×Æ (Ä£®=Æ ×Æ (>Ef¶= ¬Èf£I ÄÉ·¢ °Fì¿È
ÌfQ@E Ìe>QCÆ (¹>= À»N¶= Àº η¢? ¸QÖº À Ç ¸E *s¿¶= >ÂabU
*>ð¢fmÌhÑ>=Lغ>£=ÀºÄ·²=dÂÆ(ð=b¯¾ÌfQÙ=ÀºfN²?Í·QÖº
ÀÂfÈÆ(Í¿j¶ð>«¶?f]ÛÁ>j¾Czf¯ÈÁ@²ð>uf®ÀÈb¶=Á>²ÁC>º?
¹>=ÅdÂÀÃIf»·¶gÇ׾Dª(ÀÂf¶>E¥>«J¾×>EĶÁc@ÈÆ(Åe=aÅb¿¢
*´¶cÀ¢Êÿ¶=s¿¶=aÆeǶ *ÀÂ=f¶=Ác?ǶÆ(;ÇÂf=£¶>E¥>«J¾×=
¹Çie¹>®6¹>¯ª *ĶËbÃɪ¹>=Å>]?zf¯È>¿º¸Qf¶=¸ÒiÆ 6k¾?À£ª
>ÃF²fÈتÍE=b¶=η¢Ä·Æ?ĶÏbÂ@ªð>uf®¼²bU?zf®?=cC 6 U =
ÏÆeÆ *ÍQ>ºÀE=Å=Æe ´¶c ¸F® Ä¿ÉEÆ Ä¿ÉE ÏfQ ÁÇ³È Á? ×C Ä·F¯È ×Æ
ÍÈbÂd]@Èتzf®?=cC 6¹>®U¿¶=À¢k¾?À¢Äe>IËe>^F¶=
ÄVÉVqËe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆÄe>IËe>^F¶=Å=Æe¹>®Æʾ>²Çn¶=ÅaeÆ?
½Øi ÀE = bF¢ Kɯ·ª Í¿Èb= KÉI? 6¹>® ÎiǺ ÊE? ÀE ÌafE ÊE? À¢
/0-
!
"
:
.«
#$ %&'( ) *+ , -. /01 , -. 2( ,
«
%3- 45 #- 36 70895 + !» :
;9
» :
!"# $ $%
&
'( )
«
36 70895 + !» :7=
-
>- «70895 + 4 <
;3 *+# , )"-" /
01 23 45 /
6 789
7= -. ?@=A BCDCE
F1
" BGC H EI
.
30J.» :<
&
= 3 «
" ?@=K
&'. " BL
)<E $ .$ > 23 ,? @?
A,B$ C D5
IP1 QA"- FG5 /H IG J =< 2 /
KL" MN !"A#O
UW $ )UW 23
XYZ /5 / .I# IR,3 ST UV +# ,
)E
/H $
*+# I"
, A, $ 2L3 $ 6 QA"[ ) 01
T "" /
\A $ /5 /] ^" G] $ L3 $ 6 QA"[ "E
"" /
\A $ c /5 /H ."_ 4" /
[,J *`a Cb
dde =Y ) $ $
.cG
!"( "_ 4" /
[,J T
#RS. # TU6 # QP O
3L
M( ) N
.» :Q"E &
X :
3 + %V= %3W
N/0 #
-D1
- NX5 Y
Z[ $ %3@ :
«^\+ U_9C. U!/' $ %V= %3W %-D1
:+ #9L 45 \. X ]
N_ O
3L
BCDL
» :;3 f &
AA ,
g $
c
> . d * %_
`\+. . a5 7+[
45 #(^b
/] «^\+ U69C. e9
' $ %V= #W. : N
N
' )
N J X
h 6 QA"- i $ R *2 QA"- 0L1 i $ c <E
ÐÊn¶=η¢Ìa>ÈgbQÇI×Æ(Ìa>ÈgnÈľ٠(zf¯Jj=ÐÊn¶=Æ?
Æ? (Àj¶>E Ä¿º ²? À³¶Æ (Äuf¯Ji= >º ¸Nº Å>ªÆ? >CÆ (Äuf¯Ji= Ëd¶=
¸ÉF® Àº × (Ð>v¯¶= ÀjU ¸ÉF® Àº Çê (Á=ÇÉ} Á=ÇÉU =dÂÆ (¼j=
6¹>¯ª ÍÉ·£¶= bÉ«È Ëd¶= F£J¶>E Ìa>Èh¶= Í·£E ¹Çif¶= Ð>Q ´¶d¶Æ (Ìa>Èh¶=
ÍÉ·£¶>ª Ð>v®¼Ã¿jU?l>¿¶=]ÀºÁDª (Ð>v®¼³¿jU?¼²]ÁDª
ÁDª ÄÉ·¢Æ (zf¯Ji= >»¢ Ìa>Èg a=bj¶= × (Àj= a=bj¶= ÇÂÆ ÍVu=Æ
ľÙ(;ÇÂf=£¶>E¥>«J¾×=ÀÃIf=η¢½f¯ªzf¯¶=Ͷ>UÀÂf¶=
η¢ Ìa>Èh¶= ¸ÉF® Àº Ç ¸E (Àj= a=bj¶= Ë? (Ð>v¯¶= ÀjU Àº kɶ
¸ÉF®ÀºkɶÇÂÆ(Ä{fnȽ?Ä{fmÐ=Çi(zf¯Jj=ÐÊn¶=Æ?¨·F=
*ĶÄÈbÃÈÁ?ÄIa>¢Àº¶=ÍÈb=
ÁC>º?zÇ¢ÁÆa;ÇÂf=£¶>E¥>«J¾×=Á>²=cCÄ·²=dÂÁ?×C
zÇ£Ee=b¶=ÀÃIf=ÀÂ=f¶=fQ?Á@²zÇ£E;ÇÂf= £¶>E¥>«J¾×=Á>²
zf¯¶>E¤«J¿ÈľÙ*ŦÆzf¯¶=;ÇÂf=£¶=¥>«J¾×=gÇľDª
Å>E>UÁCÆ(Ì>E>¦ÀºÌfQ@E´¶cÁdzÈÁ?fmη¢Ìe>QÝ>E¸E
*ŦgÇÆzf¯¶=gÇ×(zÇ¢§E¥>«J¾×=¼³UÄ»³Vª´¶c
/0/
k·«=
a=fÈÆ (ÄJQ>U ÄE ¤ªbÈ >º ×Æ (Ķ ¹>º × Ëd¶= Ç ͧ¶ k·«=
ÏÆe*k·«ºÇê(k·ªÄ£ºkɶľCÄ¿¢>Ãɪ¹>¯ÈͶ>UCe>qľ?´¶dE
; k·«=ÀºÁÆebI?6¹>® U =¹ÇieÁ? 6ÌfÈfÂÊE?°Èf{Àº¼·jº
ÊI@ÈáÀߺº?Àåºk·«=ÁC6¹>¯ª(¥>Jº×ÆĶ¼Âea×áÀߺ>¿Éªk·«=6=Ƕ>®
>º¸²?Æ(=dÂd®Æ(=d¼Jmb®ÆÊI@ÈÆ(Ì>²gƽ>ÉqÆÌØrEͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ
Àº =dÂÆ (ÄI>¿jU Àº =d Îì£àɪ (=d HfuÆ (=d ½a ´«iÆ (=dÂ
KUf쪼Â>È>ì]Àåºd]î?ÄÉ·¢>ºÊv¯ÈÁ?¸F®ÄI>¿jUKÉ¿ªÁDª(ÄI>¿jU
¿¶=¹Ç®Æk·«=ͯɯUÀ¢e>F]C´¶c¼Ç¯ª e>¿¶=\f{¼M(ÄÉ·¢
k·«ºÁ?a=e?¸E(ͯɯ=Ê«¾ÄEafÈgÇ k·«=´¶ckɶ 6 U
k·«=Æ*§¶>²ÄɶCÍFj¿¶>E>ɾb¶=k·«ºrÈOÉ}¼¢?Æbm?Ìf]Û=
ð>j·«ºÅÇÆ*Ä·]aÀºfN²?ÄàQáf]ß Æ(Ķ>ºáÀºå fN²í?àÄ¿àáÈaß áÀºß Ð>﫶=f¢
*½Æb£ºÄ¾@³ªÄ¿ÈaÍÃQfr¶=°VJjºÄ¶>ºÁÙ¹>º=cÁ>²Á=Æ
ÅÕ>ºf¦ ¹@jª >ÃE Äî¶>ߺ Ê«È × (Íõ¶>ßU ÁÇÈa Á>j¾Ý= ½h¶ ÎJºÆ
G¿RJɶÄÉ·¢ßfáR
í =À·£ÈÁ?GVJjÈÆ(¼ÃJE>QCÄJºh¶ÄÉ·¢fR=¼²>=
±Ç¯U°·£I>ÂbU?6½>³U?Í£Ee?´¶dEKFMÄÉ·¢ßfR ß Uß =cDª*ÄJ·º>£ºl>¿¶=
¢bQÆÀºÁ?O¶>N¶=Æ(Ķ>º£EĪfrI¤¿ºÊ¾>N¶=Æ(Ķ>º£EÐ>ºf§¶=
Á?¤E=f¶=Æ(Æfn¶=LbQÆ=cCÐ>ºf§¶=fÑ>iÀº>ÃE°U?ÇêÅb¿¢Ä¶>º
ÏÆe>ºk·«=η¢fR=η¢¸É¶b¶=Æ *Ð>ºf§¶=Ð>«ÈCÆĶ>º¤ÉE¼²>V·¶
Ä¢>EÆ(Ķ>º¸FQÀEc>ߣàºÎ·¢fRU U =¹ÇieçÁ? 6´¶>ºÀEG£²
c>£ºÁ>² 6¹>®G£²ÀEÀf¶=bF¢À¢Æ *¼²>=Å=Æe *ÄÉ·¢ÀÈa
/00
ÎJU Á=bÈ ¹hÈ ¼·ª ð>ÒÉm ´j À³È Æ (ĺǮ H>Fm ¸vª? Àº ¸FQ ÀE=
æbU? ¸Q? Àº ãbU? µfàI Ç·ª ÅÐ>ºf¦ U ¿¶= ¼·³ª ÀÈb¶= Ķ>º ±f¦?
½>®ÎJUĶ>º U =¹Çie¼¥>Fª U =¹Çie¸Q?Àºð=c>£º=Dz¶
*¼²>=Å=ÆeÐÊm§Ec>£º
½f¦GQÇÈ>Æ?(¹>ºÀº±Ç¯UÄÉ·¢l>¿·¶KFM=cCk·«=Æ
¬r¾?Æ(ĶbQÇÈ>º¸²ÄÉ·¢¤ÉE(XÉVqÄ¿ºe=f®CÆ?(¹b¢åÍ¿ÉFE¹>º
fj£= ÀÈb= kFVàÈ Á? ¸ × >»² (ðØq? ÀRjàÈ Á? ¸ ×Æ (Ð>ºf§¶=
>Æ > QXn\ØoW% rQ¯ ÏQXm°ÀV<VÙ QXnÕÄà TÉl |E[ D¯XT @6>£I=¹Ç¯¶(ð>¯·ìº
bâ¸QeGÉq? 6¹>®Ëeb=bÉ£iÊE?À¢aÆ=aÇE?Ƽ·jºÏÆe
ÄÉ·¢=Ç®brI U =¹Çie¹>¯ªÄ¿ÈafN³ª>â>JE=e> U =¹Çie
ÄÑ>ºf§¶ U =¹Çie¹>¯ª *Ä¿ÈaÐ>ªÆ´¶c¨·Fȼ·ªÄÉ·¢l>¿¶=±brJª
¹>º¼j® ½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢Ä¾? ËÆeÆ(´¶cò×C¼³¶kɶÆ(bQÆ>º=Æd]
Ä=fI Ëe>^F¶= Å>¿£º f²c ® Ä¿RjÈ Æ (Ð>ºf§¶= E k·«=
6G¶>{ ÊE? ÀE Ê·¢ ¹>® 6¹>® j= ÀE Ê·¢ ÀE b» À¢Æ *ÄVÉVq
*bÉF¢ÇE?Å=Æe ¼·ÀÈaÀºÄÉ·¢f£È>ºb£EÀRj¶=¸Qf¶=kFU
ÍßFßrߢkFUf»¢Á? 6GÉj=ÀEbÉ£i°Èf{Àºf»¢À¢ËÆe>º>º?Æ
׾Dª Åj«I Ëì¶=Å=Æe Ð>j¿¶= ÁÆa ß¹>Qf¶= ÄÉ·¢ Áǯ«¿àÈ ôlÇî«á¿ßº
=cC(ͯ«¿¶=ÄÉ·¢GÀºkFU η¢¹bÈ >CÆÀÈb=kFU η¢¹bÈ
*±>«¾Ý=η¢ea>¯¶=η¢zf«I¶=¹=ǺÙ=ÀºÍ¯«¿¶=Æ(§r¶=η¢°«¿È
*lÇ«¿=ÇÂÆÍq>]§r¶=η¢°«¿ÈÀºkFUη¢¹bÈ´¶dª
¼j¯ÈÆ (ÀÈb= ¹>º Ð>ºf§·¶ ¤ÉFÈ ¼²>= Á? k·«= ¼³=Æ
Àf¶=bF¢ÀEf»¢À¢(=d§E¼Ãª>r¾Ý¸ÉFi׾Ù(sr>E¼ÃÉ·¢
/01
Ënɪ T>= °FjÈ Á>² Í¿ÉÃQ Àº ØQe Á? ÄÉE? À¢ ʾh= ×a ÀE=
f»¢CÅfº?¤ªfªk·ª@ªT>=°Fjɪj¶=¥fjȼM(>ÃEÊ·§Éª¸U=Æf¶=
ÀºÊueÍ¿ÉÃQ¤«Éi?¤«ÉiÙ=ÁDªl>¿¶=>ÃÈ?b£E>º? 6¹>¯ªH>ì=ÀE=
ÄEÀÈeb®XFq@ª>uf£ºÁ=ab®Ä¾CÆ×?(T>=°Fi¹>¯ÈÁ@EÄJ¾>º?ÆÄ¿Èa
ÁDªÀÈb¶=Æ ¼²>ÈCƼÿÉEĶ>º¼j¯¾Ì=b§¶>E>¿I@É·ªÀÈaÄÉ·¢Ä¶Á>²À»ª
bF¢ ÀE f»¢ À¢Æ (@{Ç= ´¶>º ½>ºÝ= Å=Æe HfU Åf]AÆ ¼Â ĶÆ?
Ä®gfÈÎJUµÈ¼MÐ>ºf§¶=EĶ>º¼j¯ÈÁ@E k·«=Îv®Ä¾?hÈh£¶=
*=
ͻɯ¶>E sr>E Ð>ºf§¶= E Ķ bQÇÈ Ëd¶= k·«= ¹>º ¼j¯ÈÆ
¼Ãɪ¸]bÈ×Æ(¯ª¼Ã®Ç¯U¹>QAK·UÀÈd¶=F¶>ì¶=ÀÈfu>=η¢
¸Q?¸GÑ>¦Æ?fu>U×Æ(¸²ÇÈGÑ>¦×Æ(G·ìÈ×fu>U
ÀºÆ(b£EĶ°UتįU¸Q?¸ÀºÁÙ(G·ìÈÆ?G·{(įU
*G·ìÈ>º(Îì£ÈÁ?½h·ÈتG·ìÈ
Àº ¸³¶ Êv¯È ľDª k·«= KÉ= >º? (ð>ÉU k·«= Á>² ÁC =dÂ
Æ?λjº¸Q?CÁ>²ÀÈaËc¸³¶Æ(G·ìÈÆ?G·{(H>¦Æ?fvU
ÁCÆ *°=ÄÉ·¢Ëd¶=Æ?(°=ĶËd¶=LǸ>÷²¹>QÛ=ÁÙ *¹>U
ͺb¯º>£I=±Ç¯Vªa>F£¶=±Ç¯UÆ(=±Ç¯Uk·«=η¢K£»JQ=
¼j®(¼£ÈÁDª(Ìe>«²Æ?Ì>²gÀºÄɪfª>?bFɪl>¿¶=±Ç¯Uη¢
*ÐÊm η¢ ÐÊm >ÿº ÏçbFÈ × sr>E ±Ç¯= Åd ¸² η¢ ´¶c
>Ķ>ºeb¯EbU=Ƹ²d]?>ãɻ|Ķ>º¬ÈÁCl>¿¶=ÁÇÈa´¶d²Æ
=¹ÇieÀ¢KFM>ºa>F£¶=±Ç¯Uη¢Íºb¯º=±Ç¯UÁ?¸É¶aÆ*bQÆ
Çê = óx®@ª *** 6Ä¶Ç®Æ Îv¯àÈ Á? °U? = àÀáÈßbªí *** 6¹>®Ä¾? U
/02
¹>º ¥>FÈ UÆ *l>F¢ ÀE= °Èf{ Àº Ëe>^F¶= >»Â=Æe Ð>v¯¶>E °U?
À¢Î¿¦×¶=Åe=a¥>FIتÄJ¯«¾Äºh·IÀºÍ¯«¾ÆÄJ¯«¾f¿Èk·«=
¶= ¥>FJª Ïf]Ù= À¢ >»Â=bUDE ο§JjÈ Á=e=a Ķ Á>² ÁC >º? (>Â>¿³i
Æ?(ÄJ¯«¾Äºh·IÀºÁÇÆľÇ>ºGj³Èk·«=Á>²ÁCÆ *>ÿ¢Î¿§JjÈ
¥>Fȹ>=ÅdÂľDªÄj«¾fQÖÈÁ@E¸£«¶>E´¶cGjJ³ÈÁ?eb¯ÈÁ>²
´¶cÀºÐÊmη¢eb¯ÈÁ=Æ(>Â>¿³j¶Äºh·I¶=Åe=a=b¢>ºÄ¶>º¸²
ÀºÆf£>EÄJ¾Æֺĺh·IÀºÎ·¢Æ(ÄÉ·¢°«¿ÈÆÄÉ«³È>ºÄ¶>ºÀºÄ¶µfI
*ÄÑ>ºf¦EÄJ»j®Àº©f«ÈÁ?CĶ>º
/03
ú¹>} ×ð >U ¸É Á? Xrɪ *°VJjº ÀÈbE °VJjº ÀÈa ÄÉ·¢ Àº ¸É Á?
¸Q? Æ? (ðØQÖº f]Û=Æ ×ð >U ¿Èb¶= bU? Á>² ÁC >º? *¸QÖ Ø ð QÖºÆ
*Ͷ=Ç=XrIÀÈfÃmCf]Û=ÆfÃmC>»ÂbU?
η¢Ì?f=K¶>U?Ç·ª *f¯JjºÀÈaη¢Í¶=Ç=ÁdzIÁ?6>Ãɾ>M
¬Ç=¹>U?ǶÆ(f¯Jjº¦Ä¾ÙXrȹÇ]b¶=¸F®>î=brE>ÃQÆg
ÀÈaľÙ(XrÈÄIe>QCÌbºÍÈ>þ¸F®Æ?Ä·»¢ÀºÐ>ÃJ¾×=¸F®ÄIfQ@E
kÉ·ªÀÈaÄÉ·¢Ä¶f]Aη¢ðØQeÄÉ·¢ÀÈa×Àº¹>U?Ƕ>º?*f¯Jjº¦
ÁCÆ*Ͷ=Ç=½>³U?×Ͷ>²Ç¶=½>³U?>ÃɪKFNI(Ͷ>²ÆʸEͶ=Ç}´¶c
¹>=½h·Èتð>vÈ?Ͷ=ÇUKjÉ·ªÄÉ·¢ÀÈa×ÀºÎ·¢ÀÈaÄÉ·¢Àº¹>U?
ÍuÆ>£º ×Æ (ÍuÆ>£º Ͷ=Ç= ÁÙ ´¶c ¹ÇF® ¹>J= ½h·È ×Æ Ð=aÙ= ÄÉ·¢
*¸É=η¢¤QeÀÈb¶=ÄÉ·¢¹>=Àº¹>J=xF®Ç·ª(>¿Â
*¹ÇÃ
¹>XrIت½Ç·£º¹>ÁdzIÁ?6>ÃN¶>M
°= ÁÙ (Ͷ=Ç= η¢ ×Æ (ÄÑ>ufE ¹>= ¸É Á? 6>ãE=e
Ëd¶=ÀÈb¶=ÍÃQÀºÅÕ=a?ĺh·È×cC(Í¿É£ºÍÃQÀºÅÕ=a?ĺh·Èت(ÄÉ·¢
¹>J=>uenÈ×Æ *a=e?ÍÃQÍÈ?ÀºÄÈaÖÈÁ?Ķ¸E(ÄÉ·¢¹>=η¢
(Ͷ=Ç=¸F¯ÈÁ?η¢eÇF
¹>J>ªð>¯·ìº>»Â>ueJ£È׸EÄÉ·¢¹>=Æ
6 U ¿¶=¹Ç¯·ª¹>J=e>FQC >º? *Ͷ=Ç=¸F¯ÈÁ?η¢eÇF
ÄÉ·¢¹>=Æ
ÄÉ·¢Ëd¶=°=ÇÈÁ?¸ÉV»·¶ÁÙÆ ¤FJÉ·ªÐÊ·ºÎ·¢¼²bUí?¤FIî?=cC
¹>J= ½h·ª xÉF¯J¶= Äj«¾ ½>¯º ÄÉ·¢ ¹>= ½>®? b®Æ *ķɲÇEÆ Äj«¿E
Äj«¾ ½>¯º ¹>J= ½>®? ÀÑ=b¶= ÁÚª ÄÉ·¢ ¹>= >ue ½b¢ >º?Æ *¹ÇF¯¶=
*¸É²ÇJ¶>²°=ÄÉ·¢Àº>ueCf¯J«È¼·ªxF¯¶=
Ͷ>U ¨¶>Fº À»vJI ¶= L=b¿j¶= Ͷ=Ç>ª ´¶c η¢Æ
/05
(£¶= Ͷ=Ç} λjÈ >º ÇÂÆ >÷Q? °VJi= Í·QÖº ¨¶>Fº Æ? L>³Én¶>²
´¶d²Æ *ÄÉ·¢¹>=ƹ>J=>ue>ÃɪnÈ×Ưª¸É=>ufEÌhÑ>Q
L×>ÉF»³¶>² >÷Q? °VJjÈ Í·QÖº ¨¶>Fº À»vJI ¶= L=b¿j¶= Ͷ=ÇU
ÄÉ·¢¹>=Êue(zfȽ?¹>J=ÊueÐ=ÇiÀÈb¶=Ͷ=Ç}λjÈ>ºÇÂÆ
H>C>ÃɪkÉ·ª>uf¶=>ÃɪnÈÎJUð=b¯¢KjɶͶ=Ç=Æ*zfȽ?
ÍÉqǶ=ÆͶ>«³¶=ÆÁ>»v¶>²Äj«¾s^n¶=ÀºfrIÊÂ>CÆ(¹ÇF®×Æ
*aǯ£¶=Àºð=b¯¢J£I׶=L>ªfrJ¶=Àº>÷²>m>ºÆ
/1,
f[ÈÇ[rJ¶=
(¸ÉM>»J¶= ¤à á¿q
à fÈÇrJ¶= ÀºÆ (ÐÊn¶= ÌeÇq ¼ie Ç fÈÇrJ¶=
¹>¯ÈÆ(eÇq>ã(ÌeÇr¶=ǹ>N»J¶=Æ?Äj«¾¼if¶=Æ *KV¿¶=¸»nÈÆ
fÈÆ>rJ¶= ͧ·¶= ¹>¯ÈÆ (¸ÉM>»J¶= ¸»nÈÆ (fÈÆ>rI >ðvÈ? ͧ·¶= >
({Æ Á=ÇÉUÆ Á>j¾C Àº \Æe Äɪ >º fÈÇrI ¥fn¶= ½çfUß b®Æ *¸ÉM>»J¶=
½?Ê·= ½?ʾ=ÆÙ= ½?H>ÉN¶= ½?b·= ½?±eǶ=η¢ð=fÈÇrIÁ>²?Ð=Çi
Á>²>»Ãº½=fU\ÆeÄɪ>ºfÈÇrIaf
cC*½=fUÄ·³ª´¶c¦½?aǯ¿¶=
b¯ª *ÄɪÐÊm×hÑ>Q\ÆeÄɪkɶ>ºfÈÇrIÆ *ÄÉ·¢eÇqËd¶=Ên¶=
*\ÆeÄɪkɶ>´¶c¦Æe>ÂgÙ=ƹ>F=ÆfRn¶=fÈÇrI¥fn¶=¸U?
Àº Ëe>^F¶= Tf]? *ÍÉ¢fn¶= tÇr¿¶>E KE>Nª \Æe Äɪ >º ¼Èf >º?
¸]bÈ KÉF¶= ¶= eÇr¶= U ¿¶= Ï?e > 6¹>®l>F¢ÀE=OÈbU
¸]bª (fÈÆ>rIÄɪð=iKFr¾>þ?ÍnÑ>¢À¢Æ (KÉV»ª>ÃEfº?ÎJU
Å=Æe >»ÃÉ·¢ °«IfÈ Á>³ª Ia>iÆ ÄJ£ì¯ª K¶>® (Ä¢h[¿ª U = ¹Çie
η¢ ð>Ò³Jº ÄJÈ?e b¯ª J¯ªfº ÄJ£ì¯ª ÄJUfìª 6b? «¶ Æ *¼·jº
6K¶>®ÍnÑ>¢OÈbUÀºËe>^F¶=Ƽ·jºTf]?Æ ÌeÇq>ÃÉªÆ >»Â=bUC
ÅAe >»·ª(¸ÉM>Äɪ½=f¯EʶÌÇÃiLib®Æ U =¹ÇieäÊ·¢¸]a
ÀÈd¶= ͺ>ɯ¶= ½ÇÈ ð>E=d¢ l>¿¶= bm? ÍnÑ>¢ >È 6¹>®Æ ÄÃQÆ ÁÇ·IÆ Ä³JÂ
¼®e Äɪ i Æ? Á=Ƕ? Äɪ Ëd¶= °É®f¶= j¶= ½=f¯¶=Æ = °·~ ÁÇÂ>vÈ
(f«i Àº = ¹Çie ½b® 6K¶>® ÍnÑ>¢ À¢ 6¼·jº OÈbUÆ *pǯ¾Æ
ÄJ¢h[¿ª ʾfº@ª (ÍV¿QÙ= L=Æc ¸É= Äɪ ð>²Ç¾eàa ÊE>E η¢ Li b®Æ
¹>®6¹>®l>F¢ÀE=OÈbUÀºËe>^F¶=Tf]?Æ*H>ÉN¶=Àº¥Ç¾µÇ¾eb¶=Æ
>Ãɪ_«¿ÈÎJUͺ>ɯ¶=½ÇÈ>ÃE=ÄEd¢ÌeÇqeÇqÀº 6 U=¹Çie
/1-
U = ¹Çie Á? 6f»¢ ÀE= °Èf{ Àº Tf]?Æ *_ª>¿E Ç >ºÆ \Æf¶=
>º =ÇÉU? ¼ ¹>¯È ͺ>ɯ¶= ½ÇÈ ÁÇEd£È eÇr¶= Åd ÁÇ£¿rÈ ÀÈd¶= ÁC 6¹>®
¤¿q?Æ(eÇr¶=ÅdÂeÇq?ʾC6¹>¯ª¸QeÅÐ>QÆ(l>F¢ÀE=À¢Æ¼J¯·]
η¢ ÅbÈ ¤uÆ ÎJU Ä¿º >¾bª (º Áa= ¹>¯ª (>Ãɪ Jª@ª (eÇr¶= ÅdÂ
U = ¹Çie K£ U = ¹Çie Àº K£ > ´ÒF¾? 6¹>® (Äi?e
ÄEd£I k«¾ >ÂeÇq ÌeÇq ¸³E Ķ ¸£RàÈ (e>¿¶= eÇrº ¸² 6¹Ç¯È
À¢b?ÏÆeÆĶk«¾×>ºÆfRn¶=¸£Q>ªðØ¢>ªbE×K¿²ÁDª(¼¿ÃQ
ʾC6¹>¯ª½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¸ÈQʾ>I? 6 U=¹Çie¹>®6¹>®ÌfÈfÂÊE?
Á>²Ä¾?×CÄɪK¾?Ëd¶=KÉF¶=´É·¢¸]a?Á?£¿¼·ªÍ·É·¶=´JÉI?K¿²
KÉF¶= Á>²Æ (¸ÉM> Äɪ ãfáJåi ã½=få® KÉF¶= Á>²Æ ¸Qe ¹>N KÉF¶=
¤ì¯àÈ j¶>E fºÆ (ÌfRn¶= ÍÒÉò rɪ ¤ì¯È ¹>N»J¶= l?fE f»ª *G·²
* U =¹Çie¸£«ª (Tßf^àɪG·³¶>EfºÆ(ÁB{ÇIÁ>Ia>iÆÄ¿º¸£Rɪ
°Èf{ÀºËe>^F¶=ÏÆeÆ *Á=Ƕ?ËcÇqÀº°É®f¶=j¶=ǽ=f¯¶=Æ
À À¢ Îþ U ¿¶= ÁC 6¹>¯ª (ð>º>RU >ðºØ¦ Ïm= ľ? Í«ÉVQ ÊE?
Í=Ƕ=Æ Ä·²ÇºÆ >Ef¶= ¸²A À£¶Æ ʧF¶= Gj²Æ (G·³¶= ÀÆ (½b¶=
*eÇr=ÆÍÇJj=Æ
(ð>ºg>Qð>F·{fÈÇrJ¶=µfIG·{À»vJI>ÃJ·OÈa>UÙ=Ådê
Á>²?Ð=ÇiÌeÇq¸²¸»nIͺ>¢ÊÂÆ(½=fUfÈÇrJ¶=Á?η¢¸É¶a=dÂÆ
±fªØª(ÍÉ«r¾½?Í·º>²K¾>²?Ð=ÇiÆ(¸>À³È½?(¸>
À³¶=Í·º>³¶=ÌeÇr¶=EÆ(Ķ¸×>ºÆ(¸Ä¶>ºEfÈÇrJ¶=¼Èf
½Ç»£¶ ½=fU Ä·³ª (oÉ£I Á? À³ × ¶= ÍÉ«r¿¶= ÌeÇr¶=Æ (oÉ£I Á?
K¾>² ¶= eÇr¶= Á? KÉF¶= À¢ l>F¢ ÀE= OÈbU ÁÙÆ *OÈa>UÙ=
/1.
.
!"#
. $ % &' ( )*
(+ ,' -/' 0
» :&
5 6 ' + 12
(+ 34
7/28 6 * 9 «
&
$ ?@)
A &
B'2
= C ;* <=)
>
IJ% ;K &
$ &
B> L M)
.@DE F
GH
A
N $ O J)
'
P"E $ + P"E Q (R &
%+ $
VW T X &
HE YN + . S T &2?)*
U
[` ` H)
O Z 6 [\N F
0UR (] ^
_ ;K !N
&> @" abM &
c)" ` CA X b F
GH
> S b
d"> [\N " . *
X b
F
GH
(+ &bM
@e
%R G'5
G5 [\N bf"> T#
5D 0UR
iA X b F
GH
h5 O J)
(# .5g ,' LDg
(+ ,' .Yk > A HE a e = A' + .;D
(S (*j
6 e % [\N ` 9l VW T X &
HE >m
!"#$ %
& ' ($ )
$ *+& » :G A n+ 0 iM .0UR
6 & \iW $ V-
?o (+ p" CA «,$ -."/ 01"$ 234"5
.«$ 678
,$ 29
: ;
& !9/ <=» :q!' T> 0
"E U r " ;K H)
O J)> [\N F
0UR
T @' T> T' 3 + .' &
@)E $ ^
C
' s> H)
:q!' T> 0 6 U «>45?
"@+ >A )
4» :
`
T' -/' 0 6 U «B
9&
C$ " B79 D@»
´¶cÁDª = °·~ ÁÇÂ>vÈ ÀÈd¶= ͺ>ɯ¶= ½ÇÈ ð>E=d¢ l>¿¶= bm? 6eÇr¶=
×OÈa>UÙ=Åd¶=¸»=Æ>«¶Ù=Æ(¸É·£J¶=ÄQÆη¢afÈÄ·²
(°·>E fÈÇrJ¶= ¹Çif¶= ÄäFnÈ fºÙ= >º ¸²Æ (ÍÉ·£¶= >ÿº ¼Ã«I
ÐÊn¶=ÄÉFnIcCÍ·¢ÁdzÈ×Æ(¸É·£J¶=bÉ«È×ÄÉFnJ¶=Æ(°¶>>EÀÈeÇr=Æ
(Ķð>«qÆÁdzÈÁ?À³>CÆ(ÄFn»·¶Í·¢ÄEÄFn=¸£×f]AÐÊnE
Äɪ ÁÙ ½=fU fÈÇrJ¶= ÁC ¹>¯È × ´¶d¶Æ *Ķ Í·¢ kɶ ÐÊn¶= ¬qÆÆ
fRn¶=°·]Æì¶=ÆÁ=ÇÉ=ÆÁ>j¾Ý=°·]>£I>ª *=°·Ì>Â>vº
Í·£¶ >ðº=fU ì¶=Æ Á=ÇÉ=Æ Á>j¾Ý= fÈÇrI Á>² =cDª (e>ÂgÙ=Æ ¹>F=Æ
e>ÂgÙ=Æ ¹>F=Æ fRn¶= ÌaÇQǺ Í·£¶= Åd ÁDª = °·] Ì>Â>vº
Í·£¶=aÇQǶð>º=fU>ÂfÈÇrIdÒ¿ÉUÁdzɪ(ð>vÈ?=°·]>þDª(>¦Æ
Ìae=Æ tÇr¿¶= Á? ¤º (ð>ºb¢Æ =ðaÇQÆ ¹Ç·£= ¤º eÆbI Í·£¶=Æ *>ÂfÈÇrI
Á>j¾Ý= fÈÇrJª ÄÉ·¢Æ *\Æe Äɪ kɶ >º ¸²Æ (fRn¶= fÈÇrI g=Ç|
fÈÇrIÆ(¸·£¶=ÀºÍ·£¶kɶÆ(ÄfÌae=Ƕ=tÇr¿·¶½=fUÁ=ÇÉ=Æ
Ìae=Ƕ=tÇr¿·¶ÄɪÐÊm×Æ(hÑ>Q\ÆeÄɪkɶ>º¸²Æ¹>F=ÆfRn¶=
*ÄJU>EC
> Å¦Æ o¯¿¶=Æ ¼if¶= Ç >C >£I = ĺfU Ëd¶= fÈÇrJ¶=Æ
ͶÛ= °Èf{ À¢ fÈÇrJ¶= >º? *fÈÇrJ¶>E Äj«¿E ĺ>ɯE Á>j¾Ý= Åfm>FÈ
´¶cÆ *\>FºÇ¸E(½f=fÈÇrJ¶=ÀºkɶÆ(Äɪ¸]bÈتÍɪ=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=
(¼·«¶=C¤®=Ƕ=Àº¸·¶¸¯¾ÇÂ>CÆ(ð=fÈÇrIKjɶľ?ÊÂÄJ¯É¯UÁÙ
=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=ͶBEeÇr>ª *eÇr=¸F®Àº s^n·¶ð=fÈÇrIÇÂkɶÆ
¸¯¾Çê(ͶÛ=Íìi=ÇE¼·«¶=η¢s^n¶=¸¤Fì¾=>CÆs^n¶=eÇrÈ
¸]bÈت(eëÇr=¸F®ÀºkɶÆͶÛ=Íìi=ÇEÆ(ð=fÈÇrIkɶƸ·¶
/10
Åd ÁÇ£¿rÈ ÀÈd¶= 6¹Ç¯I OÈa>UÙ>ª *OÈa>UÙ= ae=Ƕ= Êÿ¶=
ÀºÆ *ÀÈeëÇr= (eÇrº ¸² (fÈÆ>rJ¶= Åd eÇq? ¾C (eÇr¶=
(ÌeÇr¶=Åd¤¿rÈ×=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=ͶBEÁ=ÇÉ=Æ?s^n¶=ÌeÇqd]@È
¶=ÊÂ=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=ͶA>CÆ(eëÇr=ÇÂkɶÆ(fÈÇrJ¶>EǽǯÈ×Æ
kɶ´¶d¶Æ(ͶÛ=´ÈfÏÇið>ÒÉm¤¿rÈÇÂÆ(¼·«¶=C¸¶=K·¯¾
×=dÆ(ÅÇQǶ=ÀºÄQÇE×ÆeëÇr=ÇÂÁdzÈÁ?À³×Æ(eëÇr=ÇÂ
b® OÈa>UÙ= Äf aeÆ Ëd¶= fÈÇrJ¶= Á? η¢ *>ð¯·ìº Êÿ¶= Ä·»nÈ
ÄFnÈeëÇr=ÄɪÁdzÈËd¶=Æ°·=ÄFnÈËd¶=ÇÂÆ(ĢǾabUƬqÆ
Æ?(Ä¿ÂcÀº>ÃfE>ºC(ÌeÇqa>CÇê(ÐÊn¶a>Cľ?OÉUÀº°¶>=
ľÙ(ÌeÇr·¶a>CÇÂJ¶>=>J·²Æ(ĺ>º?aÇQÇ=>÷q?À¢>ÃfE
kɶľÙ(¥Ç¿¶==dÂÀºkÉ·ª=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=fÈÇrJ¶=>º?*¥=bECÄɪËd¶=ÇÂ
aÇQÇ=ÐÊn¶=¸¥>Fì¾=ÇÂ>CÆ(¥=bECÄɪbQÇÈ×Æ(ÌeÇr·¶ð=a>C
ت(OÈa>UÙ=Äfae=Ƕ=fÈÇrJ¶=¥Ç¾ÀºJ£È×´¶d¶Æ*¼·«¶=η¢
ÌeÇr·¶«¶=¤®=Ƕ=Æ *¼ÈfVJ¶=>ÃJ¸]bÈ×ÆOÈa>UÙ=ÄÉ·¢°Fì¿I
Á>«·JÁ>¢Ç¾>»Ã¾>ªbÉÈ@J¶=½>´¶cbÈÖÈÍɪ=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=ÌeÇr·¶Æbɶ>E¶=
ÌeÇr¶= ¦ ÊÂÆ (bɶ>E ¼ifI ¶= Ê ÍÉ¿«¶= ÌeÇr¶>ª ØJ]×= ¸²
ÁÇ³È >ðvÈ? >¿Â À»ª *¥=bEÝ= OÉU ÀºÆ À«¶= OÉU Àº Íɪ=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=
*ÄɪÐÊm×ð>U>Fº=f¦ÇIÇ«¶=fÈÇrJ¶=
LeÇq¶=eÇr¶=Ð>¿J®=>º?(ÇÂOÉUÀºfÈÇrJ·¶ÍFj¿¶>E=dÂ
½=fU ľDª >»ÂÇÆ Î·rºÆ bRj»² Ìa>F£·¶ b£º Á>³º Á>² ÁC ľDª
ÍF£³¶=¸]bÈÁ?ÎE? U¹Çif¶=Á?l>F¢ÀE=OÈbUaeÆ>(ð>£ì®
η¢ Øð ɶa Ádzɪ µ·¶ ½g>Q G·{ =dê *>Ãɪ ¶= eÇr¶= KÉ ÎJU
/11
GI>³=Æ LÇÉF¶>² Ìa>F£·¶ b£º ¦ Á>³º >ÂÕ>¿J®= >º?Æ *¼ÈfVJ¶=
6ľ>ÉEƸÉr«IÄÉ«ª>¦Æle=b=Æ
) ÍVìjºË?ÍÈÇJjºeÇq )>¸×eÇr¶=K¾>²=cC6×ð Æ?
Á>² ÁCÆ (½=f} kÉ¶Æ ÅÆf³º > ¼É£I Äɪ ¤uǺ >ÂÐ>¿J®= ÁDª
Ëd¶=Á>³=ÄJÂ=f²>º? *ÄɪÐÊm×ÆhÑ>Rª>¼É£IÄɪkɶ¤uǺ
(eÇqÄɪËd¶=j¶=¥h¾¹Çif¶=Á?ÍnÑ>¢OÈbV·ªÌeÇr·¶¼É£IÄɪ
(ð=eÇqÆ (¸ÉM> Äɪ ÁÙ KÉF¶= ¹Ç]a ÎE? ¸ÈQ Á? ÌfÈf ÊE? OÈbÆ
¼É£IÄɪÁ>³ºÍ¢ÇuÇ=eÇr¶>EÍq>]ÍÂ=f³¶=ÅdÂÁDz>º?Æ*>ðF·²Æ
OÈbUÁÚª>¼É£IÄɪkɶÁ>³ºLbQÆ=cC>ÃɪÐÊm׾=Æ(>
η¢@³I=Æð>EÇr¿ºÁ>²UeÇqÄɪËd¶=j¶=¥h¾¹Çif¶=Á?ÍnÑ>¢
6¹Çif·¶ ¸ÈQÄɪ¹>®b®ÌfÈfÂÊE?OÈbUÁÙÆ *ÌeÇq>ÃɪÆͯªf=
Êÿ¶=Á?η¢¹bÈ=dÂÆ ÁB{ÇI Á>Ia>iÆ Ä¿º ¸£Rɪ ¤ì¯È j¶>E fºÆ
*>ÃÑ>¿J®=η¢>ðì·jºkɶÆ>¼É£IÄɪÁ>³ºÌeÇr¶=¤uÆη¢·jº
kÉ¶Æ >ðÂÆf³º > ¼É£I Äɪ Á>³º ÌeÇr¶= ¤uÆ ÁDz >º?Æ
½h=η¢¹bIÍ¿Èf¯EÁ¯ÈOÈa>UÙ=Ð>QËd¶=Êÿ¶=ÁÚª½=f}
aeÆ >»² ´¶c ¸²>m >º Æ? ĺc Æ? (ÌeÇr¶= J¯º bÉ¢Æ ¸Nº Àº
Ð>¿J®=À¢ÎÿIÏf]?OÈa>U?LÐ>QƵfIG·{af
Ð>Q¸EfÈÇrJ¶=
Á?η¢Í¿Èf®J£È>ͺÇif=Ë?(ͺǮf=eÇr¶=Ð>¿J®=hÉÆ(¸ÉM>»J¶=
¹ÇieK£ «·E¼·jºb¿¢ÍV·{ÊE?OÈbUÊ«ª(½hR·¶kɶÊÿ¶=
ÀºÍÈ=ÆeÆ ÌeÇq×ÆG·²Äɪð>JÉEͳÑØ=¸]bI× 6¹Ç¯È U=
Ð>¿NJi= η¢ ¹bÈ =dê HÇM ð>»®e ×C 6¹>® ľ? ¼·jº >Â=Æe °ô Èf{
¹>NÄɪËd¶=KÉF¶=¸]bIͳÑØ=Á?ĺÇëºÆHÇMÍ»®f=ÌeÇr¶=
/12
OÈa>U?COÈb==d¼u=cDª *>ðeͺÇifºÌeÇqË?HÇM¼®fº
ÌeÇr¶=Ð>¿J®=Á>³ª½g>Q¦µ¶=G·{Á?η¢Í¿Èf®Á>²Ïf]Ù=Êÿ¶=
*½=f}kɶÆð>ÂÆf³º>¼É£IÄɪÁ>³º
¼³= ÁDª $¸ÉM>% Í»j
Ë? ¸ L=c eÇr¶= K¾>² =cC 6>ðɾ>M
¬¶>j¶=OÈb= U¹Çif¶=ÁÙͯE>j¶=eÇr¶=¼³UÀ¢¬·J>Ãɪ
ÀNJjÈ Æ HÇM ð>»®e ×C 6 U ĶǯE ÍÈÇJj= ÌeÇr¶= οNJi= b®
*$¸ÉM>»J¶=%Í»j=eÇr¶=
6¹>N»J·¶ÍFj¿¶>E U¹Çif·¶¹>®½Øj¶=ÄÉ·¢¸ÈQÁDª´¶d²
ÄJÒÉÂÀº¹>N»J¶=Ͷ=gCË? ÌfRn¶=ÍÒÉòrɪ¤ì¯È¹>N»J¶=l?fEf»ª
ͺǮf= ÍÈÇJj= ÌeÇr¶= °Èh»JE Åfº@È U \Æe Ëd¶ ¹>N»J²
fºÆ ½=U×= η¢ Äɪ >ãuÆ ¹bÈ Á>³º >÷£Q ½b£E fº? ¸E j¶=
*ÁB{ÇIÁ>Ia>iÆÄ¿º¸£Rɪ¤ì¯Èj¶>E
(ÍÈÇJj= ÌeÇr¶= KÉ¿NJi= >»² Í»j= ÌeÇr¶= Ð>¿NJi= ½b£ª
Á? η¢ ¹bÈ ¹>N»J² ¹>N»J¶= ÍÒÉ Ͷ=gDE ¸ÉM>»J¶= Ð>¿J®= À¢ Êÿ¶= Á=®=Æ
Ëd¶¸ÉM>»J¶=Ð>¿J®=Á?Ë?½g>QÊþÇÂÍ»j=¸ÉM>»J¶=Ð>¿J®=À¢Êÿ¶=
*½=fU\Æe
aÆeǶ ¹>«{Ù= κa Í»[j= ¸ÉM>»J¶= ¼Èf[ Àº οNJ[jÈÆ
G£¶?K¿² >ÿ¢=ÊueÍnÑ>¢À¢Ëe>^F¶=Tf]?6´¶ctÇr¿¶=
Ëe>^F¶= Tf]?Æ (L>¿E ¸³m η¢ G£¶ Ë? U ¿¶= b¿¢ L>¿F¶>E
Æ )¸£R¿ª *** >ÿ¢=ÊueÍÈe>r¾Ù=cÇ£ºK¿E¤ÉEf¶=À¢¼·jºÆ
Å>¿Éì¢?½>£ì¶=η¢¼ÂbU?γE=cDªÀã¶=ÀºÍF£·¶=¼ ) ¤¿r¿ªÍÈ=Æe
*e>ìªÝ=b¿¢ÁdzÈÎJUÅ>ÈC
/13