Arab-1-Muadalah Darajat Namadzij Mukhtalifah Min Ikhtibaril Lughah

K
) (Rasch

) (1199 . :

) (IRT

) (25 ) (A

) (-0.54
) (0.01
) (20.3) (26
) (45 )(70
) (K

.
:
Equating Scores of Different Forms Related to English

Language Competency Test at Yarmouk University
Dr.Nedal Kamal AL Shraifin
Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology
Yarmouk University/Faculty of Education
Abstract:
This study aimed at equating test scores of seven different forms
related to the English language competency test conducted at Yarmouk
University in the academic year 2006/2007. To achieve the objective of
the study, data were obtained from the language center at Yarmouk
University. The students (1199) who participated in the test were
considered as the sample of the study. Results of the study showed that
scores of the seven forms were not equivalent with regard to means and
variances. After verifying the unidimensionality of each test form, the
researcher used Rasch Model as a model of Item Response Theory (IRT),
whereas linear equating and equipercentile equating were used as models
of the classical theory in measurement. Findings of the study revealed
that the ability which corresponds to the designated pass score (25) in
form A matched different abilities in the other forms which ranged
between (-0.54) and (-0.11) logits. Score (25) in form K corresponds to
different raw scores which ranged between (20.3) and (26). In addition,
score (25) matched different equipercentile ranks which ranged between
(45%) and approximately (70%). Based on the results of the study, the
researcher recommended that equated ability scores or equated raw
scores or alternatively raw scores that matched the same equipercentile
ranks be used for decision making concerning the final grade, pass or
fail.
Key Words: Equating Tests, Rasch Model, Item Response
Theory (IRT).
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131
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4.19
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1.88
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3.78
4.01
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3.92
1.48
2.97
1.91
3.82
1.58
3.15
1.80
3.60
1.90
3.81
2.07
4.13
1.83
3.68
1.46
2.91
1.87
3.73
1.51
3.02
1.76
3.52
1.72
3.44
1.84
3.68
1.75
3.5
1.41
2.82
1.62
3.24
1.49
2.98
1.71
3.42
1.71
3.42
1.72
3.43
1.60
3.20
1.37
2.75
1.50
3.01
1.46
2.91
1.57
3.13
1.70
3.39
1.66
3.32
1.59
3.18
1.34
2.67
1.48
2.97
1.36
2.72
1.52
3.04
1.56
3.11
1.61
3.22
1.51
3.02
1.27
2.55
1.39
2.88
1.33
2.65
1.46
3.93
1.47
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1.53
3.07
1.49
2.97
1.25
2.5
1.35
2.70
1.26
2.52
1.43
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1.49
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1.45
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1.23
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1.32
2.64
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1.37
2.74
1.36
2.73
1.42
2.84
1.43
2.86
1.20
2.40
1.29
2.57
1.21
2.41
1.27
2.54
1.33
2.67
1.31
2.62
1.36
2.73
1.18
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1.27
2.55
1.14
2.29
1.24
2.49
1.27
2.54
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1.28
2.56
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1.13
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.
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26
0.38
0.31
0.37
0.43
0.37
0.33
0.38
0.39
0.37
0.42
0.5
0.36
0.36
0.48
0.37
0.34
0.42
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.49
0.35
0.47
0.47
0.37
0.37
0.41
0.44
0.35
0.32
0.32
0.46
0.34
0.33
0.3
0.40
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0.36
0.46
0.37
0.32
0.38
0.33
0.39
0.43
0.54
0.38
0.35
0.4
0.27
0.41
0.38
0.45
27
0.34
0.35
0.39
0.28
0.35
0.42
0.42
28
0.35
0.30
0.46
0.3
0.44
0.35
0.45
29
0.3
0.36
0.30
0.43
0.27
0.35
0.37
0.38
30
0.25
0.36
0.33
0.33
0.5
0.32
0.38
0.35
0.38
31
0.38
0.4
0.52
0.3
0.34
0.34
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.52
32
0.34
0.33
0.39
0.35
0.29
0.31
0.47
0.27
0.39
0.34
0.44
33
0.31
0.30
0.45
0.35
0.32
0.35
0.31
0.35
0.25
0.46
0.3
0.47
34
0.3
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.37
0.37
10
0.3
0.31
0.35
0.33
0.43
0.38
0.40
35
0.3
0.30
0.37
0.4
0.29
0.29
0.45
11
0.29
0.32
0.46
0.31
0.52
0.4
0.37
36
0.32
0.30
0.37
0.29
0.37
0.33
0.50
12
0.38
0.36
0.35
0.37
0.38
0.35
0.44
37
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.34
0.44
0.39
0.39
13
0.36
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.47
0.35
0.35
38
0.36
0.36
0.31
0.37
0.32
0.31
0.47
14
0.34
0.30
0.4
0.4
0.35
0.4
0.35
39
0.39
0.34
0.28
0.31
0.35
0.33
0.42
15
0.39
0.35
0.41
0.28
0.37
0.35
0.51
40
0.37
0.36
0.36
0.28
0.33
0.33
0.41
16
0.39
0.33
0.33
0.41
0.35
0.41
0.38
41
0.36
0.38
0.43
0.36
0.4
0.37
0.44
17
0.4
0.35
0.34
0.39
0.4
0.34
0.52
42
0.35
0.40
0.33
0.37
0.37
0.25
0.35
18
0.45
0.40
0.28
0.39
0.34
0.25
0.38
43
0.41
0.39
0.34
0.33
0.35
0.35
0.48
19
0.41
0.40
0.34
0.34
0.45
0.34
0.46
44
0.48
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.4
0.29
0.45
20
0.33
0.40
0.44
0.37
0.38
0.37
0.41
45
0.41
0.33
0.32
0.35
0.33
0.35
0.35
21
0.32
0.39
0.32
0.31
0.39
0.34
0.58
46
0.41
0.32
0.34
0.32
0.41
0.38
0.41
22
0.34
0.36
0.41
0.38
0.39
0.35
0.38
47
0.38
0.34
0.37
0.34
0.39
0.4
0.46
23
0.31
0.35
0.36
0.4
0.38
0.32
0.54
48
0.38
0.31
0.35
0.37
0.39
0.38
0.45
24
0.35
0.34
0.39
0.39
0.35
0.35
0.40
49
0.38
0.35
0.34
0.35
0.34
0.46
0.55
25
0.36
0.31
0.45
0.46
0.36
0.3
0.40
50
0.38
0.35
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.41
0.57
10
) (=0.05
0.15
) (Hambleton & Swaminatan, 1985
) (Local Independence
) (Hambleton & Swaminatan, 1985
) (Indices Based on Reliability
)(BIGSTEPS
)(Cohen's Approximation) (PROX
) (Unconditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation) (UCON
) The Standardized Information Weighted fit Statistics for
.(persons: Infit, Out fit 11

11
20
11
19
11
12
) (0.7 1.3
):(11
) (Linacre,1993
) The Standardized Information
) (rpbis
12
...
).(Mean Square Infit / Outfit statistic) (MNSQ
(Weighted fit st. for Items; Infit, Outfit
):(12
-2.29
-2.28
-2.25
-2.20
-2.26
-2.32
-2.18
-2.09
-2.09
-2.06
-2.01
-2.06
-2.12
-1.99
-1.91
-1.92
-1.89
-1.85
-1.89
-1.95
-1.82
-1.75
-1.76
-1.74
-1.69
-1.73
-1.79
-1.67
10
-1.60
-1.62
-1.60
-1.55
-1.59
-1.64
-1.53
11
-1.47
-1,48
-1.46
-1.42
-1.45
-1.50
-1.40
12
-1.33
-1.36
-1.34
-1.30
-1.32
-1.37
-1.28
13
-1.21
-1.23
-1.22
-1.18
-1.20
-1.25
-1.16
14
-1.09
-1.12
-1.10
-1.07
-1.09
-1.13
-1.05
15
-0.98
-1.01
-0.99
-0.96
-0.97
-1.02
-0.94
16
-0.87
-0.90
-0.89
-0.86
-0.87
-0.91
-0.84
17
-0.77
-0.79
-0.79
-0.76
-0.76
-0.80
-0.74
18
-0.66
-0.69
-0.68
-0.66
-0.66
-0.68
-0.64
19
-0.56
-0.59
-0.59
-0.56
-0.56
-0.59
-0.54
20
-0.46
-0.49
-0.49
-0.47
-0.46
-0.49
-0.45
21
-0.37
-0.39
-0.39
-0.38
-0.37
-0.39
-0.36
22
-0.27
-0.30
-0.30
-0.28
-0.27
-0.29
-0.27
23
-0.18
-0.20
-0.20
-0.19
-0.18
-0.20
-0.18
24
-0.08
-0.11
-0.11
-0.10
-0.08
-0.10
-0.09
25
0.01
-0.01
-0.02
-0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
26
0.11
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.09
27
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.19
0.19
0.18
28
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.29
0.29
0.27
29
0.39
0.37
0.36
0.36
0.38
0.38
0.36
30
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.48
0.48
0.46
31
0.58
0.57
0.56
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.55
32
0.68
0.67
0.66
0.64
0.67
0.69
0.64
33
0.78
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.77
0.79
0.74
34
0.89
0.88
0.87
0.85
0.88
0.90
0.84
35
0.99
0.99
0.97
0.95
0.98
1.01
0.94
36
1.10
1.11
1.09
1.06
1.09
1.12
1.05
37
1.22
1.23
1.20
1.17
1.21
1.24
1.16
38
1.34
1.35
1.33
1.29
1.33
1.37
1.28
39
1.47
1.48
1.46
1.42
1.45
1.50
1.40
40
1.60
1.62
1.59
1.55
1.59
1.64
1.53
41
1.75
1.77
1.74
1.70
1.73
1.79
1.67
42
1.91
1.93
1.90
1.85
1.88
1.95
1.82
43
2.08
2.10
2.08
2.02
2.05
2.12
1.99
44
2.27
2.30
2.28
2.22
2.24
2.32
2.17
45
2.49
2.52
2.50
2.44
2.46
2.55
2.39
46
2.76
2.79
2.77
2.70
2.72
2.81
2.64
47
3.09
3.11
3.10
3.02
3.04
3.14
2.96
48
3.53
3.56
3.55
3.46
3.48
3.59
3.40
0.19
0.03
-0.21
-0.12
-0.22
0.11
-0.38
46
44
46
43
48
42
48
)(0.19
12
) (A
)(0.03
)(0.11) (K
10
11

)(B
(K H G D C
) (- .22) (G ) (- .21) (C
) (- 12) (D

) (-.38) (H
)B
) (A
):(Wright& Masters, 1982

eq. = eq ( A A ) + eq
A
: eq.
.A
:eq.
: A
:A
: eq
.A
: A
13
):(13

).(A
-2.29
-2.26
-2.78
-2.07
-2.55
-2.55
-2.93
-2.09
-2.08
-2.58
-1.92
-2.36
-2.38
-2.68
-1.91
-1.91
-2.39
-1.77
-2.19
-2.22
-2.46
-1.75
-1.76
-2.22
-1.65
-2.04
-2.08
-2.27
10
-1.60
-1.63
-2.07
-1.53
-1.90
-1.95
-2.08
11
-1.47
-1.51
-1.93
-1.43
-1.78
-1.83
-1.92
12
-1.33
-1.38
-1.79
-1.32
-1.65
-1.71
-1.75
13
-1.21
-1.27
-1.66
-1.22
-1.53
-1.61
-1.61
14
-1.09
-1.15
-1.54
-1.13
-1.42
-1.50
-1.46
15
-0.98
-1.05
-1.42
-1.04
-1.32
-1.40
-1.32
16
-0.87
-0.95
-1.31
-0.95
-1.21
-1.31
-1.19
17
-0.77
-0.86
-1.21
-0.88
-1.12
-1.22
-1.07
18
-0.66
-0.76
-1.09
-0.79
-1.02
-1.12
-0.93
19
-0.56
-0.66
-0.99
-0.71
-0.92
-1.04
-0.81
20
-0.46
-0.57
-0.88
-0.63
-0.83
-0.95
-0.69
21
-0.37
-0.49
-0.79
-0.56
-0.75
-0.87
-0.58
22
-0.27
-0.40
-0.69
-0.48
-0.65
-0.78
-0.45
23
-0.18
-0.31
-0.59
-0.41
-0.57
-0.70
-0.34
24
-0.08
-0.22
-0.49
-0.33
-0.47
-0.62
-0.22
.A
25
0.01
-0.14
-0.40
-0.26
-0.39
-0.54
-0.11
26
0.11
-0.04
-0.29
-0.18
-0.30
-0.45
0.01
27
0.20
0.04
-0.20
-0.11
-0.21
-0.37
0.12
28
0.29
0.12
-0.11
-0.04
-0.13
-0.29
0.23
29
0.39
0.22
0.00
0.04
-0.03
-0.21
0.36
30
0.48
0.30
0.09
0.11
0.05
-0.13
0.47
31
0.58
0.39
0.19
0.19
0.15
-0.04
0.59
32
0.68
0.48
0.30
0.27
0.24
0.05
0.71
33
0.78
0.58
0.40
0.34
0.33
0.14
0.83
34
0.89
0.68
0.52
0.43
0.44
0.23
0.97
35
0.99
0.77
0.62
0.51
0.53
0.32
1.09
36
1.10
0.87
0.73
0.60
0.63
0.42
1.22
37
1.22
0.98
0.86
0.69
0.75
0.52
1.37
38
1.34
1.09
0.98
0.79
0.86
0.63
1.52
39
1.47
1.21
1.12
0.89
0.98
0.74
1.68
40
1.60
1.33
1.25
0.99
1.10
0.85
1.84
41
1.75
1.47
1.41
1.11
1.24
0.99
2.02
42
1.91
1.62
1.57
1.23
1.39
1.13
2.22
43
2.08
1.78
1.75
1.37
1.55
1.27
2.43
44
2.27
1.95
1.95
1.52
1.73
1.44
2.66
45
2.49
2.16
2.18
1.69
1.94
1.63
2.93
46
2.76
2.41
2.46
1.90
2.19
1.87
3.26
47
3.09
2.71
2.80
2.16
2.50
2.16
3.66
48
3.53
3.12
3.26
2.51
2.91
2.54
4.20
) (A
13

) (25

eq
(YA Y A ) + Y eq
a
: eq.
: A
):(Angoff,1971
: YA
: eq
: a
.A
= eq.
.A
.A
:eq.
) (-0.54 )(0.01
14
. A
) :(14
6.0
5.7
0.7
4.8
1.9
1.0
0.8
7.0
6.7
1.8
5.7
2.9
1.9
2.0
8.0
7.6
2.9
6.7
3.9
2.9
3.2
9.0
8.5
3.9
7.6
4.9
3.9
4.4
10.0
9.5
5.0
8.5
5.9
4.8
5.6
11.0
10.4
6.1
9.4
6.9
5.8
6.8
12.0
11.4
7.2
10.3
7.9
6.8
8.0
13.0
12.3
8.3
11.2
8.9
7.7
9.2
14.0
13.3
9.3
12.1
9.9
8.7
10.5
15.0
14.2
10.4
13.0
10.9
9.7
11.7
16.0
15.2
11.5
14.0
11.9
10.6
12.9
17.0
16.1
12.6
14.9
12.9
11.6
14.1
18.0
17.1
13.6
15.8
13.9
12.6
15.3
19.0
18.0
14.7
16.7
14.9
13.5
16.5
20.0
18.9
15.8
17.6
15.9
14.5
17.7
21.0
19.9
16.9
18.5
16.9
15.5
18.9
22.0
20.8
18.0
19.4
17.9
16.4
20.2
23.0
21.8
19.0
20.3
18.9
17.4
21.4
24.0
22.7
20.1
21.2
19.9
18.3
22.6
25.0
23.7
21.2
22.2
20.9
19.3
23.8
26.0
24.6
22.3
23.1
21.9
20.3
25.0
27.0
25.6
23.4
24.0
22.9
21.2
26.2
28.0
26.5
24.4
24.9
23.9
22.2
27.4
29.0
27.5
25.5
25.8
24.9
23.2
28.6
30.0
28.4
26.6
26.7
25.9
24.1
29.9
31.0
29.3
27.7
27.6
26.9
25.1
31.1
32.0
30.3
28.7
28.5
27.9
26.1
32.3
33.0
31.2
29.8
29.5
28.9
27.0
33.5
34.0
32.2
30.9
30.4
29.9
28.0
34.7
35.0
33.1
32.0
31.3
30.9
29.0
35.9
36.0
34.1
33.1
32.2
31.9
29.9
37.1
37.0
35.0
34.1
33.1
32.9
30.9
38.3
38.0
36.0
35.2
34.0
33.9
31.9
39.6
39.0
36.9
36.3
34.9
34.9
32.8
40.8
40.0
37.9
37.4
35.8
35.9
33.8
42.0
41.0
38.8
38.5
36.7
36.9
34.8
43.2
42.0
39.7
39.5
37.7
37.9
35.7
44.4
43.0
40.7
40.6
38.6
38.9
36.7
45.6
44.0
41.6
41.7
39.5
39.9
37.7
46.8
45.0
42.6
42.8
40.4
40.9
38.6
48.0
46.0
43.5
43.9
41.3
41.9
39.6
49.3
47.0
44.5
44.9
42.2
42.9
40.6
50
48.0
45.4
46.0
43.1
43.9
41.5
50
48 47
) (A
14 ) (25
).(K
)21.2 23.7
(23.8 19.3 20.9 22.2 ) (K H G D C B

) (10015105
) :(15
14
) (Skaggs&Lissitz, 1986
14
14
10.6
13
12
10
12.5
10
18
16
13.20
15
14
12
15
15
19
18
15
17
15
13
15
20
20
19.20
16
17
15
15
16
25
21.5
20
17
19
17
16
17
30
22
21.30
17
19
18
16
18
35
23
23
19.20
20
19
17
20
40
24
23
21
21
19
18
22
45
25
24
21.40
23
21
18.55
24
50
27
25
22
23
22
19.5
27
55
28
25
23
24
23
20
28
60
28.40
26
24
25
23.4
22
30
65
29.1
27
25
26.4
25
23
31
70
30
28
27
27
26
24
32
75
31
30
28
28
28
26
33.5
80
32
31
30.60
29
29
27
34
85
34.9
33
32.20
30.6
30
29.15
36
90
37
35.90
34
32.4
34
31
37
95
40.3
39.45
38.4
36
37
36
40
100
46
46
44
48
43
42
48
15

) (45%)(70%
) (6
)(48
) (25
14
) (6
) .(48

) (25
)(-0.11-0.54-0.39-.26-.40-0.140.01

)(A
)(KHGDCBA
)(H

)(-0.54
.
.
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. ( ) .
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). .( :
.(2003) .
) . .( :
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K

Equating Scores of Different Forms Related to English

) (Kolen & Brennan, 1995

) (Crocker & Algina , 1986

).(Lissitz& Yang, 1999 ; Skagges & Lissitz , 1986

& (Angoff,1971; Hambelton & Swamithan , 1985 ; Kolen

(Design or Random Groups Design

) Petersen, Kolen & Hoover,

)Crocker & Algina , 1986 ; Hambleton , ) (Observed Score Equating

.(Peterson et.al, 1989

) (Yuan, Lissitz & Yang, 1999

) .(Hambleton & Swamithan, 1985) (Invariance

) (Slind& Linn, 1997

)) (Graded Response Model(GRM )) (Nominal Model(NM

)(Lee, Hill, Kolen & Frisbie, 2001

))(Arithmetic Concept Tests (ACD

) (Allen & Yen, 1979 : :

) (68.7 69.6 70.6 71 70.1 68.9 69.2)(KHGDCBA

0.87 0.85 0.80

) (Corrected Item Total Correlation

) (rpbis ) (Point Biserial Correlation

) (Allen & Yen, 1979

) (One Parameter Model

) . (Principal Component Analysis

)( Point Biserial Correlation

) (As cited in Albanese & Forsyth, 1984

) (Hambleton & Swaminatan, 1985

) (Hambleton & Swaminatan, 1985

) (Indices Based on Reliability

)(Cohen's Approximation) (PROX

) (Unconditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation) (UCON

) The Standardized Information Weighted fit Statistics for

.(persons: Infit, Out fit 11

) The Standardized Information

).(Mean Square Infit / Outfit statistic) (MNSQ

(Weighted fit st. for Items; Infit, Outfit

):(Wright& Masters, 1982

(23.8 19.3 20.9 22.2 ) (K H G D C B

1- Al banese, M.A,& Forsyth, R. A. (1984). The one- two and

2- Allen, M. J. & Yen, W. N. (1979). Introduction to measurement

3- Angoff, W.H.(1971).Scales, norms, and equivalent scores In

4- Crocker, L.& Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to classical and

5- Glowacki , M.L (1991 ) . An analysis of test equating models

6- Hambleton, R.K.& Swaminathan, H.(1985). Item response

7- Hambleton,R.K., Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H.J.(1991).

8- Harris, D. J. & Kolen, M.J.(1990). Effect of examinee group on

Hattie ,1985, J. (1985). Methodology Review: Assessing

10- Hills,J.R.,Subhiyah, R.G.& Hirsch, T.M. (1988). Equating

11- Kenyon , D,M., & Stansfieid, C.W. (1993 ) . Extending a

12- Kolen, M. J. & Brennan, R. L. (1995). Test equating:

14- Linacre, J. M & Wright, B. D. (1993). Auser's Guide to

15- Lissitz, R.W.& Yang, Y.N. (1999). Estimating IRT equating

16- Lord, F.M.(1980). Applications of item response theory to

17- Lord, F.M.(1982).Standard error of equating by item

18- Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit

19- Petersen, N.S., Kolen, M.J.& Hoover, H.D.(1989). Scaling

20- Skaggs.G.&Lissitz,R.W.(1986). IRT testing equating review

21- Slinde, J.A. & Linn, R.L. (1997). An exploration of