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Electrical Measurements
Wattmeter
by Sekh@r...!
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EDM /EMMC Type
Induction Type
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1. Can be used to measure Ouanttes(V, I & P)
n ac as we as dc crcuts. (but not
preferred to measure dc power)
2. Has two xed cos & one movng co.
3. Fxed cos connected n seres wth the
oad.
4. Movng co s connected across the oad &
carres current proportona to the votage.
5. Fxed co aso caed as current co and has
very ess number of turns.
6. Movng co aso caed as a pressure co as
t carres current correspondng to votage
and has more number of turns.
EDM Type
Operating Principle:
We can have an dea of the workng prncpe of ths
nstrument by takng up a permanent magnet movng
co nstrument and consderng how t woud behave
on a.c. t woud have a torque n one drecton durng
one haf of the cyce and equa ehect n the opposte
drecton durng the other haf of the cyce. If the
frequency were very ow, the ponter woud swng back
and for the around the zero pont. However, for an
ordnary meter, the nerta s so great that on power
frequences the ponter does not go very far n ether
drecton but merey stays (vbrates sghty) around
zero.
If however, we were to reverse the drecton of the
ux each tme the current through the movabe co
reverses, a undrectona torque woud be produced for
both postve and negatve haves of the cyce. In
eectrodynamometer nstruments the ed can be
made to reverse smutaneousy wth the current
(Eectromagnet) n the movabe co f the ed co s
connected n seres wth the movabe co.
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Construction:
Fixed coils: The ed s produced by a xed co. Ths
co s dvded nto two sectons to gve a more unform
ed near the centre.
Key words: Thck, stranded, varnshed and baked,
camped
Moving Coil: The movng co s wound ether as a
sef-sustanng co or ese on a non-metac former and
mounted on spnde. A metac former cannot be used
as eddy currents woud be nduced n t by the
aternatng ed.
It shoud be noted that both xed and movng cos are
ar cored. As a resut weak magnetc ed n
nstrument.
Control: The controng torque s provded by two
contro sprngs. These sprngs act as connectors to the
movng co.
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Current cos s made as xed co because f we pace
ths n movng system then as we know current of the
movng co s carred by the nstrument sprngs, If
pressure co s paced as movng system then t s
mted to vaues whch can be carred safey by
sprngs wthout apprecabe heatng by connectng a
seres resstance
Damping: Ar frcton dampng s empoyed for these
nstruments and s provded. Eddy current dampng
cannot be used n these nstruments as the operatng
ed s very weak(as cos are ar cored).
Sielding: The ed produced by the xed cos s
somewhat weaker than n other type of nstruments. In
dc measurement even the earths magnetc ed may
ahect the readngs.
Hgh permeabty aoy casng
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!"Pase Po#er
Measurement
CC = current
co
PC = Pressure
co
Fxed
co
Fxed
co
C
C
C
C
PC
R
L
o
a
d
I
F
Connecton of a wattmeter n a snge phase
crcut
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Movng
Co
Wattmeter
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$"Pase Po#er
Measurement
%sing !"Pase
#attmeters
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