Chapter 10, Solution 1

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 10, Solution 1.
Link ABC:
Assume clockwise
Then, for point C
xC = (125 mm )
and for point D
xD = xC = (125 mm )
and for point E
250 mm
2
xD = xD
3
375 mm
xE =
Link DEFG:
xD = ( 375 mm )
Thus
(125 mm ) = ( 375 mm )
1
3
100
G = 100 2 mm =
3
Then
2 mm
100
100
2 mm cos 45 =
mm
3
yG = G cos 45 =
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
Assume P acts downward at G
( 9000 N mm ) (180 N )( xE
mm ) + P ( yG mm ) = 0
100
= 0
9000 180 125 + P
3
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
P = 180.0 N
FA = 20 lb at A
Have
FD = 30 lb
y A = (16 in.)
Link ABC:
Link BF:
at D
yF = yB
yB = (10 in.)
yF = ( 6 in.) = (10 in.)
Link DEFG:
or
5
3
=
yG = (12 in.) = ( 20 in.)
d ED =
( 5.5 in.)2 + ( 4.8 in.)2

5
= 7.3 in.
D = ( 7.3 in.) = 7.3 in.

3
xD =
Virtual Work:
4.8
4.8 5
D =
7.3 in. = ( 8 in.)
7.3
7.3 3
Assume P acts upward at G
U = 0:
FA y A + FD xD + P yG = 0
or
( 20 lb ) (16 in.) + ( 30 lb ) (8 in.) + P ( 20 in.) = 0
or
P = 28.0 lb
P = 28.0 lb W
Link ABC:
Assume clockwise
Then, for point C
xC = (125 mm )
and for point D
xD = xC = (125 mm )
and for point E
250 mm
2
xD = xD
3
375 mm
xE =
Link DEFG:
xD = ( 375 mm )
Thus
(125 mm ) = ( 375 mm )
or
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
1
3
=
Assume M acts clockwise on link DEFG
( 9000 N mm ) (180 N )( xE
mm ) + M = 0
1
9000 180 125 + M = 0
3
3
or
M = 18000 N mm
or
M = 18.00 N m
FA = 20 lb at A
Have
at D
FD = 30 lb
Link ABC:
y A = (16 in.)
Link BF:
yF = yB
yB = (10 in.)
Link DEFG:
yF = ( 6 in.) = (10 in.)

or
d ED =
5
3
( 5.5 in.)2 + ( 4.8 in.)2

5
3
= 7.3 in.
D = ( 7.3 in.) = 7.3 in.

xD =
Virtual Work:
4.8
4.8 5
D =
7.3 in. = ( 8 in.)
7.3
7.3 3
Assume M acts
on DEFG
U = 0:
FA y A + FD xD + M = 0
or
( 20 lb ) (16 in.) + ( 30 lb ) (8 in.) + M
or
M = 336.0 lb in.
5
= 0
3
M = 28.0 lb ft
Assume
x A = 10 in.
yC = 4 in.
yD = yC = 4 in.
yD
6
3
2
xG = 15 = 15 = 10 in.
3
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
Assume that force P is applied at A.
U = P x A + 30 yC + 60 yD + 240 + 80 xG = 0
2
P (10 in.) + ( 30 lb )( 4 in.) + ( 60 lb )( 4 ) + ( 240 lb in.)
3
+ ( 80 lb )(10 in.) = 0
10P + 120 + 240 + 160 + 800 = 0
10P = 1320
P = 132.0 lb
Note:
(a)
xE = 2 x D
xE = 2 xD
xG = 3xD
xG = 3 xD
x H = 4 xD
xH = 4 xD
xI = 5 x D
x I = 5 xD
Virtual Work:
U = 0: FG xG FSP xI = 0
( 90 N )( 3 xD ) FSP ( 5 xD ) = 0
or
Now
FSP = 54.0 N W
FSP = k xI
54 N = ( 720 N/m ) xI
xI = 0.075 m
and
1
4
1
5
xD = x H = x I
xH =
4
4
xI = ( 0.075 m ) = 0.06 m
5
5
or
xH = 60.0 mm
(b)
Virtual Work:
U = 0: FG xG + FH xH FSP ( xI ) = 0
( 90 N )( 3 xD ) + ( 90 N )( 4 xD ) FSP ( 5 xD ) = 0
or
Now
FSP = 126.0 N W
FSP = k xI
126.0 N = ( 720 N/m ) xI

xI = 0.175 m
From Part (a)
xH =
4
4
xI = ( 0.175 m ) = 0.140 m
5
5
or
xH = 140.0 mm
Note:
(a)
xE = 2 x D
xE = 2 xD
xG = 3xD
xG = 3 xD
xH = 4 xD
xH = 4 xD
xI = 5 xD
xI = 5 x D
Virtual Work:
U = 0: FE xE FSP xI = 0
( 90 N )( 2 xD ) FSP ( 5 xD ) = 0
or
Now
FSP = 36.0 N
FSP = k xI
36 N = ( 720 N/m ) xI
xI = 0.050 m
and
1
4
1
5
xD = xH = xI
xH =
4
4
xI = ( 0.050 m ) = 0.04 m
5
5
or
xH = 40.0 mm
(b)
Virtual Work:
U = 0: FD xD + FE xE FSP xI = 0
( 90 N ) xD + ( 90 N )( 2 xD ) FSP ( 5 xD ) = 0
or
Now
FSP = 54.0 N
FSP = k xI
54 N = ( 720 N/m ) xI
xI = 0.075 m
From Part (a)
xH =
4
4
xI = ( 0.075 ) = 0.06 m
5
5
or
xH = 60.0 mm
Assume y A
yA
16 in.
yC
8 in.
1
2
yC = y A
Bar CFDE moves in translation

1
2
yE = yF = yC = y A
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P ( y A in.) + (100 lb )( yE in.) + (150 lb )( yF in.) = 0

1
P y A + 100 y A + 150 y A = 0
2
P = 125 lb
P = 125 lb W
Have
y A = 2l cos ;
CD = 2l sin ;
2
y A = 2l sin
( CD ) = l cos
2
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P y A Q ( CD ) = 0
P ( 2l sin ) Q l cos = 0
2
Q = 2P
sin
W

cos
2
Virtual Work:
Have
x A = 2l sin
x A = 2l cos
and
yF = 3l cos
yF = 3l sin
Virtual Work:
U = 0: Q x A + P yF = 0
Q ( 2l cos ) + P ( 3l sin ) = 0
Q=
3
P tan
2
Virtual Work:
We note that the virtual work of Ax , Ay and C is zero, since A is fixed and C is to xC .
Thus:
U = 0:
P xD + Q yD = 0
xD = 3l cos
xD = 3l sin
yD = l sin
yD = l cos
P ( 3l sin ) + Q ( l cos ) = 0
3Pl sin + Ql cos = 0

Q=
3P sin
= 3P tan
cos
Q = 3P tan W
x A = ( a + b ) cos
x A = ( a + b ) sin
yG = a sin
yG = a cos
Virtual Work:
The reactions at A and B are perpendicular to the displacements of A and B hence do no work.
U = 0:
T x A + W yG = 0
T ( a + b ) sin + W ( a cos ) = 0
T ( a + b ) sin + Wa cos = 0
T =
a
W cot
a+b
T =
a
W cot W
a+b
yH = 2l sin
Note:
l = 600 mm ( length of a link )
Where
Then
yH = 2l cos
Also
1
1
1
W = mg = ( 450 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2
2
2
2
= 2207.3 N
2
d AF
= l cos + l sin
4
d AF =
l
9 + 16sin 2
4
l 16sin cos
4 9 + 16sin 2
= 4l
Virtual Work:
sin cos
9 + 16sin 2
1
Fcyl d AF W yH = 0
2
U = 0:
sin cos
Fcyl 4l
( 2.2073 kN )( 2l cos ) = 0
9 + 16sin 2
Fcyl
For = 30
sin
9 + 16sin 2
Fcyl
= 1.10365 kN
sin 30
9 + 16sin 2 30
= 1.10365 kN
or
Fcyl = 7.96 kN W
From solution of Problem 10.13:

Fcyl
sin
9 + 16sin 2
= 1.10365 kN
Fcyl = 35 kN
Then for
( 35 kN )
sin
9 + 16sin 2
= 1.10365 kN
( 31.713 sin )2 = 9 + 16sin 2

sin 2 =
9
989.71
or
= 5.47 W
yB = a sin yB = a cos
ABC:
yC = 2a sin yC = 2a cos
CDE: Note that as ABC rotates counterclockwise, CDE rotates clockwise
while it moves to the left.
yC = a
Then
2a cos = a
or
= 2 cos
or
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P yB P yC + M = 0
P ( a cos ) P ( 2a cos ) + M ( 2cos ) = 0
or M =
3
Pa W
2
First note l sin +
3
l sin = l
2
sin =
2
(1 sin )
3
or
Then
2
cos = cos
3
or
2 cos
3 cos
=
Now
xC = l cos +
Then
xC = l sin
5 + 8sin 4sin 2
3
l cos
2
3
l sin
2
2 cos
3
= l sin sin

2
3 cos
= l ( sin + cos tan )
= l sin +
2cos (1 sin )

5 + 8sin 4sin
2
Virtual Work:
U = 0: M P xC = 0
M Pl sin +
2 cos (1 sin )
= 0
5 + 8sin 4sin 2
or M = Pl sin +
2cos (1 sin )
5 + 8sin 4sin 2
Have
xB = l sin
xB = l cos
y A = l cos
y A = l sin
Virtual Work:
U = 0: M P xB + P y A = 0
M P ( l cos ) + P ( l sin ) = 0
M = Pl ( sin + cos )
xD = l cos
Have
xD = l sin
yD = 3l sin
yD = 3l cos
Virtual Work:
U = 0: M ( P cos ) xD ( P sin ) yD = 0
M ( P cos )( l sin ) ( P sin )( 3l cos ) = 0

M = Pl ( 3sin cos cos sin )
(1)
(a) For P directed along BCD, =

Equation (1):
M = Pl ( 3sin cos cos sin )

M = Pl ( 2sin cos )
M = Pl sin 2
(b) For P directed , = 90

Equation (1):
M = Pl ( 3sin 90 cos cos 90 sin )

M = 3Pl cos
(c) For P directed

Equation (1):
, = 180
M = Pl ( 3sin180 cos cos180 sin )
M = Pl sin
Analysis of the geometry:
Law of Sines
sin
sin
=
AB
BC
sin =
AB
sin
BC
(1)
Now
xC = AB cos + BC cos
xC = AB sin BC sin
cos =
Now, from Equation (1)
or
(2)
AB
cos
BC
AB cos
BC cos
(3)
From Equation (2)
AB cos

BC cos
xC = AB sin BC sin
or
Then
xC =
AB
( sin cos + sin cos )
cos
xC =
AB sin ( + )
cos
continued
U = 0: P xC M = 0
Virtual Work:
AB sin ( + )
M = 0
P
cos
M = AB
Thus,
sin ( + )
P
cos
(4)
For the given conditions: P = 1.0 kip = 1000 lb, AB = 2.5 in., and BC = 10 in.:
(a) When
= 30: sin =
M = ( 2.5 in.)
2.5
sin 30,
10
sin ( 30 + 7.181 )
cos 7.181
= 7.181
(1.0 kip ) = 1.5228 kip in.

= 0.1269 kip ft
or M = 126.9 lb ft
(b) When
= 150: sin =
M = ( 2.5 in.)
2.5
sin150,
10
sin (150 + 7.181 )

cos 7.181
= 7.181
(1.0 kip ) = 0.97722 kip in.

or M = 81.4 lb ft
M = AB
From the analysis of Problem 10.19,
sin ( + )
P
cos
Now, with M = 75 lb ft = 900 lb in.

(a) For = 60
sin =
2.5
sin 60,
10
( 900 lb in.) = ( 2.5 in.)
= 12.504
sin ( 60 + 12.504 )
cos12.504
( P)
P = 368.5 lb
or
P = 369 lb
(b) For = 120
sin =
2.5
sin120,
10
( 900 lb in.) = ( 2.5 in.)

or
= 12.504
sin (120 + 12.504 )

cos12.504
( P)
P = 476.7 lb
P = 477 lb
Consider a virtual rotation
of link AB.
Then B = a
Note that yB = B cos = a cos
Disregarding the second-order rotation of link BC,
yC = yB = a cos
Then C =
Virtual Work: U = 0:
yC
a cos
a
=
=
sin
sin
tan
M P C = 0
= 0
M P
tan
or M tan = Pa
Thus ( 27 N m ) tan30 = P ( 0.45 m )
P = 34.6 N
P = 34.6 N
30.0
Consider a virtual rotation
of link AB.
Then B = a
Note that yB = B cos = a cos
Disregarding the second-order rotation of link BC,
yC = yB = a cos
Then C =
yC
a cos
a
=
=
sin
sin
tan
M P C = 0
a
= 0
M P
tan
or M tan = Pa
Thus M tan 40 = (135 N )( 0.60 m )
M = 96.53 N m
M = 96.5 N m
From geometry
y A = 2l cos ,
CD = 2l sin
y A = 2l sin
( CD ) = l cos
2
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P y A Q ( CD ) = 0
P ( 2l sin ) Q l cos = 0
2
sin

cos
2
or
Q = 2P
With
P = 60 lb,
( 75 lb ) = 2 ( 60 lb )
Q = 75 lb
sin

cos
2
sin
= 0.625

cos
2
or

2sin cos
2
2 = 0.625

cos
2
= 36.42
= 36.4
(Additional solutions discarded as not applicable are = 180)
From the solution to Problem 10.16
M = Pl sin +
2cos (1 sin )
5 + 8sin 4sin 2
Substituting
13.5 N m = ( 60 N )( 0.25 m ) sin +
or sin +
2cos (1 sin )
5 + 8sin 4sin 2
2 cos (1 sin )
5 + 8sin 4sin
2
= 0.90
Solving numerically
= 57.5
OC = r
Geometry
cos =
xB =
xB =
OC
r
=
OB
xB
r
cos
r sin
cos 2
y A = l cos ;
y A = l sin
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P ( y A ) Q xB = 0
Pl sin Q
cos 2 =
r sin
= 0
cos 2
Qr
Pl
(1)
Then, with l = 15 in., r = 4.5 in., P = 15 lb, and Q = 30 lb
cos 2 =
or
( 30 lb )( 4.5 in.)
(15 lb )(15 in.)
= 39.231
= 0.6
= 39.2
OC = r
Geometry
cos =
xB =
xB =
y A = l cos ;
OC
r
=
OB
xB
r
cos
r sin
cos 2
y A = l sin
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P ( y A ) Q xB = 0
Pl sin Q
cos 2 =
r sin
= 0
cos 2
Qr
Pl
(1)
Then, with l = 14 in., r = 5 in., P = 75 lb, and Q = 150 lb
cos 2 =
or
(150 lb )( 5 in.)
( 75 lb )(14 in.)
= 32.3115
= 0.7143
= 32.3
We have
x A = ( a + b ) cos
x A = ( a + b ) sin
yG = a sin
y A = a cos
Virtual Work:
The reactions at A and B are perpendicular to the displacements of A and B hence do no work.
U = 0: T x A + W yG = 0
T ( a + b ) sin + W ( a cos ) = 0
T ( a + b ) sin + Wa cos = 0
or
We have
T =
a
W cot
a+b
sin =
( 42 in.)
BD
BD
=
=
AB
a + b ( 42 in.) + ( 28 in.)
sin = 0.600
= 36.87
Thus
T =
( 42 in.)
(160 lb ) cot 36.87
42
in.
(
) + ( 28 in.)
= 127.99 lb
T = 128.0 lb
Note that
y A = ( 0.15 m ) tan
yB = ( 0.15 m ) tan + ( 0.9 m ) sin
Then
y A = ( 0.15 m ) sec2
yB = ( 0.15 m ) sec2 + ( 0.9 m ) cos
Virtual Work:
U = 0: Q y A + P yB = 0
or (135 N ) ( 0.15 m ) sec2
+ ( 75 N ) ( 0.15 m ) sec2 + ( 0.9 m ) cos = 0

or 20.25 sec2 11.25sec2 + 67.5cos = 0
or 31.5 + 67.5cos3 = 0
cos3 = 0.4667
or
= 39.1

First note
BC = BD
BCD is isosceles
Then BCD = BDC =

and BE = l sin = 2l sin
or sin =
1
sin
2
Then cos =
or =
1
cos
2
1 cos
2 cos
Now
xC = 2l cos l cos
xD = 2l cos + l cos
= l ( 2cos cos )
= l ( 2cos + cos )
Then
xC = l ( 2sin + sin )
xD = l ( 2sin sin )
= l ( sin cos tan )
= l ( sin + cos tan )
Also
FSP = kxSP = k ( 3l xD )
= kl 3 ( 2cos + cos )
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P xC FSP xD = 0
Then P l ( sin cos tan ) kl 3 ( 2 cos + cos ) l ( sin + cos tan ) = 0
sin + cos tan

or P = kl 3 ( 2cos + cos )
sin cos tan
tan + tan
= kl 3 ( 2cos + cos )
tan tan
Now sin =
1
1
sin = sin 25
2
2
or = 12.1991
N
tan 25 + tan12.1991
P = 1600 ( 0.150 m )( 3 2cos12.1991 cos 25 )

m
tan 25 tan12.1991
or P = 90.9 N
yE =
x x
x
+ =
3 6
2
yE =
1
x
2
Linear Spring: FSP = ks = ( 5000 N/m )( x 0.30 m )

Virtual Work: U = 0
U = FSP x + P E = 0
1
( 5000 N/m )( x 0.30 m ) x + ( 900 N ) x = 0
2
5000 x + 1500 + 450 = 0
x = 0.390 m
or x = 390 mm
yC =
x
6
Linear Spring:
FSP = ks = ( 5000 N/m )( x 0.30 m )
Virtual Work:
U = 0
yC =
1
x
6
U = FSP x + P yC = 0
1
( 5000 N/m )( x 0.30 m ) x + ( 900 N ) x = 0
6
5000 x + 1500 + 150 = 0
x = 0.330 m
or x = 330 mm W
First note:
yD = ( 250 mm ) sin
yD = ( 250 mm ) cos
x A = 2 ( 300 mm ) cos
x A = ( 600 mm ) sin ( )
Also, the spring force
FSP = k x A ( x A )0
= ( 2.5 N/mm )( 600cos 600 cos 45 )( mm )
= (1500 N )( cos cos 45 )
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
or
( 250 N ) yD FSP xA = 0
( 250 N )( 250 mm ) cos (1500 N )( cos
5 72 tan ( cos cos 45 ) = 0
cos 45 )( 600 mm ) sin = 0
Solving numerically
= 15.03 and 36.9 W
From geometry:
xC = 2 (15 in.) cos
xC = ( 30 in.) sin
yB = (15 in.) sin
yB = (15 in.) cos ( )
s = ( 30 30cos ) in.
= 30 (1 cos ) in.
FSP = ks = (12.5 lb/in.) 30 (1 cos ) in.
Then
= ( 375 lb )(1 cos )

Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P yB + FSP xC = 0
or
(150 lb )(15 in.) cos
or
2250cos 11250 (1 cos ) sin = 0
or
(1 cos ) tan
Solving numerically,
+ ( 375 lb )(1 cos ) ( 30in.) sin = 0
= 0.200
= 40.22
= 40.2 W
From geometry:
xC = 2 (15 in.) cos
xC = ( 30 in.) sin
yB = (15 in.) sin
yB = (15 in.) cos
s = ( 30 30cos ) in.
= 30 (1 cos ) in.
FSP = ks = (12.5 lb/in.) 30 (1 cos ) in.
Then
= ( 375 lb )(1 cos )

Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P yB + FSP xC = 0
or
P (15 in.)( cos 25 ) + ( 375 lb )(1 cos 25 ) ( 30 in.)( sin 25 ) = 0
or
P = 32.8 lb W
s = r
s = r
Spring is unstretched at = 0
FSP = ks = k r
xC = l sin
xC = l cos
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P xC FSP s = 0
P ( l cos ) k r ( r ) = 0
or
Pl
=
2
cos
kr
( 40 lb )(12 in.)
( 9 lb/in.)( 5 in.)2
Thus
or
cos
cos
= 2.1333
= 1.054 rad = 60.39
= 60.4 W
y A = l sin
y A = l cos
Spring:
v = CD
Unstretched when
=0
so that
v0 =
2l
For :
90 +
v = 2l sin
v = l cos 45 +
Stretched length:
s = v v0 = 2l sin 45 + 2l
2
F = ks = kl 2sin 45 + 2
2
Then
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P y A F v = 0
Pl cos kl 2sin 45 + 2 l cos 45 + = 0

2
2
or
P
1
=
kl
cos
=
1
cos
2sin 45 + cos 45 + 2 cos 45 +

2
2
2
2sin 45 + cos 45 + cos 2 cos 45 +

2
2
2
cos 45 +
2
=1 2
cos
Now, with P = 150 lb, l = 30 in., and k = 40 lb/in.
(150 lb )
( 40 lb/in.)( 30 in.)
or
cos 45 +
2
=1 2
cos
cos 45 +
2
= 0.61872
cos
= 17.825
= 17.83
y A = l sin
From geometry:
y A = l cos
xC = l cos + l sin
= l ( cos + sin )
yC = l sin l cos
= l ( sin cos )
lCD = l
( cos
+ sin ) + ( sin cos ) ( 1)

2
= l 3 + 2sin 2 cos
lCD = l
cos + sin
3 + 2sin 2 cos
FSP = k ( lCD l )
and
= kl
3 + 2sin 2 cos 1
Virtual Work:
U
= 0:
or
P ( l cos ) kl
or
P y A FSP lCD = 0
cos + sin
3 + 2sin 2cos 1 l
= 0
3 + 2sin 2cos
P
(1 + tan ) =
kl
3 + 2sin 2cos
1
600 N
( 4000 N/m )( 0.8m )
= 0.1875
Solving numerically
= 10.77 W
yC = ( 375 mm ) tan
Have
yC = ( 375 mm ) sec2
S = ( 75 mm )
FSP = kyC = ( 0.8 N/mm )( 375 mm ) tan
= ( 300 N ) tan
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P S FSP yC = 0
( 480 N )( 75 mm )
or
( 300 N ) tan ( 375 mm ) sec 2 = 0
3.125 tan sec2 = 1
= 16.41 W
y A = l sin
Have
y A = l cos
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P y A M = 0
Pl cos K = 0
or
Thus
cos
cos
cos
Pl
K
( 2000 N )( 0.25 m )
( 225 N m/rad )
= 2.2222 rad
Solving numerically
= 61.2 W
y A = l sin
Have
y A = l cos
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P y A M = 0
Pl cos K = 0
or
Then
cos
cos
Pl
K
( 6300 N )( 0.25 m ) = 7 rad

( 225 N m/rad )
= 7 cos
or
Plotting y = and y = 7 cos in the range 0
5
reveals three points of intersection, and thus
2
three roots:
Then, for each range
0 < < 90 0 < < :
= 1.37333 rad
or
= 78.7 W
270 < < 360

< < 2 :
2
= 5.6522 rad
or
= 324 W
360 < < 450 2 < <

:
= 6.6160 rad
or
= 379 W
d AC = 212 + 7.22 = 22.2 in.
Have
tan =
7.2
21
= 18.9246
or
= +
Now
By Law of Cosines:
2
d AB
= 22.22 + 102 2 ( 22.2 )(10 ) cos
d AB = 592.84 444 cos ( in.)
and
d AB =
222sin
( in.)
592.84 444cos
By Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P yD Fcyl d AB = 0
222 sin
592.84 444cos
(120 lb )(8 in.) Fcyl

Fcyl =

in. = 0

4.3243
592.84 444 cos ( lb )
sin
Given data:
Thus
= 60, = 60 + 18.9246 = 78.9246

Fcyl =
4.3243
592.84 444cos 78.9246 ( lb )
sin 78.9246
= 99.270 lb
d AB = 592.84 444cos 78.9246 = 22.529 in.
By Law of Sines:
10
22.529
=
sin sin 78.9246
or
= 25.824
Fcyl = 99.3 lb
44.7
d AC = 212 + 7.22 = 22.2 in.
Have
tan =
7.2
21
= 18.9246
or
= +
Now
By Law of Cosines:
2
d AB
= 22.22 + 102 2 ( 22.2 )(10 ) cos
d AB = 592.84 444 cos ( in.)

and
d AB =
222sin
( in.)
592.84 444cos
By Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P yD Fcyl d AB = 0
222 sin
592.84 444cos
(120 lb )(8 in.) Fcyl

Fcyl =

in. = 0

4.3243
592.84 444 cos ( lb )
sin
Thus
105 lb =
4.3243
592.84 444 cos ( lb )
sin
24.28125 sin = 592.84 444cos
589.5791sin 2 = 592.84 444 cos
589.5791 1 cos 2 = 592.84 444 cos
cos 2 0.75307 cos + 0.0055309 = 0

Solving
= 41.785 and = 89.575
= = 18.9246
Thus
= 22.9 and = 70.7
First note
+ = 90
+ = 90
and
s = a
(length of cord unwound for rotation )
Now
yO = a (1 cos ) (Distance O moves down for rotation )
and
yP = s + y
or
yP = a + a (1 cos ) (Distance P moves down for

rotation )
Then
yP = ( a + a sin )
By the Law of Cosines

2
lSP
= ( 4a ) + ( 2a ) 2 ( 4a )( 2a ) cos
2
or
lSP = 2a 5 4cos
and
lSP =
FSP = k lSP ( lSP )0 = k 2a 5 4 cos 2a

= 2ka
4a sin
5 4 cos
5 4 cos 1
By Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P yP FSP lSP = 0
P ( a + a sin ) 2ka
4a sin
5 4cos 1
5 4 cos
= 0
or
(1 + sin ) sin 5 4cos + sin = 0
ka
8
Then
12 lb
(1 + sin ) sin 5 4cos + sin = 0
8 (15 lb/in.)( 7.5 in.)
75 (1 + sin ) sin 5 4cos + sin = 0
= 15.27 W
For Bar ABC:
yC
2a
For Bar CD, using Law of Cosines
(where a = 15 in. )
a 2 = lC2 + lD2 2lC lD cos 55

Then with a = constant, we have
0 = 2lC lC + 2lD lD 2 ( lC ) lD cos 55 2lC ( lD ) cos 55
Since
lC = yC :
( lC
lD cos 55 ) yC = ( lD lC cos55 ) lD
For the given position of member CD, CDE is isosceles.

Thus
lD = a
Then
( 2a cos 55 a cos 55 ) yC
or
lD =
and
lC = 2a cos 55
= a 2a cos 2 55 yD
cos 55
yC
1 2cos 2 55
By Virtual Work:
U = 0:
M P lD = 0
cos 55
y
M C P
yC = 0
2
2a
1 2 cos 55
or
P=
M 1 2cos 2 55
2a
cos 55
P=
( 320 lb in.)
2 (15 in.)
Thus for given data

1 2cos 2 55
= 6.3605 lb
cos 55
P = 6.36 lb
35 W
We have
x A = (10 in.) sin + ( 24 in.) cos
x A = (10 cos 24sin ) in.
Law of Cosines:
( CD )2 = ( BC )2 + ( BD )2 2 ( BC )( BD ) cos
= ( 20 in.) + ( 60 in.) 2 ( 20 in.)( 60 in.) cos
2
) (
= 4000 in 2 2400 in 2 cos

= 400 (10 6cos ) in 2
Differentiating:
2 ( CD ) ( CD ) = 2400 in 2 sin
( CD ) =
(1200 in )
2
20 10 6 cos in.
sin
60 sin
( CD ) =
in.
10 6 cos
or
Virtual Work:
U = P x A + FCD ( CD ) = 0
( 4000 lb ) (10 cos 60 24sin 60 ) in.

or
60sin 60
+ FCD
in. = 0
10
6
cos
60
FCD = 3214.9 lb
FCD = 3.21 kips
Triangle ADE:
tan =
( 2.7 ft )
(1.5 ft )
= 1.800
= 60.945
AD =
yC = (15 ft ) sin
( 2.7 ft )
sin 60.945
= 3.0887 ft
yC = (15 ft ) cos
Law of Cosines: BD 2 = AB 2 + AD 2 2 ( AB )( AD ) cos ( + )

2
= ( 7.2 ft ) + ( 3.0887 ft ) 2 ( 7.2 ft )( 3.0887 ft ) cos ( + )

= 61.38 44.4773cos ( + ) ft 2
2 ( BD )( BD ) = 44.4773 sin ( + )
44.4773 sin ( + )
BD =
2 ( BD )
ft
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P yC + FBD BD = 0
44.4773sin ( + )
( 500 lb )(15 ft ) cos + FBD
ft = 0
2 ( BD )
cos
FBD = 337.25
BD lb
sin ( + )
We have = 20
BD 2 = 61.38 44.4773 cos ( 60.945 + 20 )
BD = 7.3743 ft
Thus
FBD = 337.25
cos 20
( 7.3743) lb
sin ( 60.945 + 20 )
= 2366.5 lb
FBD = 2370
lb
Input work = P x
Output work = (W sin ) x
Efficiency:
W sin x
P x
or
Fx = 0: P F W sin = 0
Fy = 0: N W cos = 0
W sin
P
(1)
P = W sin + F
or
(2)
N = W cos
or
F = N = W cos
Equation (2):
Equation (1):
P = W sin + W cos = W ( sin + cos )
W sin
W ( sin + cos )
or
1
1 + cot
If block is to remain in place when P = 0, we know (see page 416) that

s or, since
= tan s ,
Multiply by cot :
tan
cot tan cot = 1
Add 1 to each side:
1 + cot 2
Recalling the expression for , we find
1
2
xB = l cos
Link BC:
xB = l sin
or xB = l sin
yC = l sin
yC = l cos
xB =
Link AB:
1
l
2
1
l = l sin
2
= 2sin
Thus
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
M max ( P + s N ) yC = 0
M max ( 2sin ) ( P + s N ) ( l cos ) = 0
P + s N
l
2 tan
Link BC Free-Body Diagram:
M max =
+ M B = 0:
N ( l sin ) ( P + s N ) l cos = 0
N tan P s N = 0
or N =
P
tan s
Substituting N into relationship for M max :
P+
M max =
s P
Pl ( tan s + s )
tan s
l =
2 tan
2 tan ( tan s )
M max =
For s tan , we have M max = ; the system becomes self-locking.
Pl
2 ( tan s )
Largest value of M is obtained from the solution of Problem 10.48
M max =
Pl
2 ( tan s )
Thus M max =
( 400 N )( 0.500 m )
2 ( tan 35 0.30 )
= 249.87 N m
M max = 250 N m
Smallest value of M occurs when the friction force in Problem 10.48 is directed upward instead of downward.
The equations obtained in Problem 10.48 may be used if we replace s by s . Thus
M min =
P s N
l
2 tan
N =
P
tan + s
and
M min =
Thus
M min =
Pl
2 ( tan + s )
( 400 N )( 0.500 m )
2 ( tan 35 + 0.30 )
= 99.98 N m
M min = 100.0 N m
For the linkage:
M B = 0: x A +
xA
P=0
2
F = s A = s
Then:
or
A=
P
2
P 1
= s P
2
2
x A = 2l sin
Now
x A = 2l cos
yF = 3l cos
and
yF = 3l sin
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
( Qmax
F ) x A + P yF = 0
Qmax s P ( 2l cos ) + P ( 3l sin ) = 0

2
or
Qmax =
3
1
P tan + s P
2
2
Qmax =
P
( 3tan + s )
2
For Qmin , motion of A impends to the right and F acts to the left. We
change s to s and find
Qmin =
P
( 3tan s )
2
Using the results of Problem 10.50 with
= 30, l = 0.2 m, P = 40 N, and s = 0.15

We have
Qmax =
=
P
( 3tan + s )
2
( 40 N )
2
( 3tan 30 + 0.15)
= 37.64 N
Qmax = 37.6 N
and
Qmin =
=
P
( 3tan s )
2
( 40 N )
2
( 3tan 30 0.15)
= 31.64 N
Qmin = 31.6 N

Recall Figure 8.9a. Draw force triangle
Q = W tan ( + s )
y = x tan so that y = x tan
Input work = Q x = W tan ( + s ) x
Output work = W y = W ( x ) tan
Efficiency:
W tan x
;
W tan ( + s ) x
tan
tan ( + s )
From page 432, we know the jack is self-locking if
s
+ s 2
Then
tan ( + s ) tan 2
so that
From above
tan
tan ( + s )
It then follows that
tan 2 =
But
Then
tan 1 tan 2
2 tan
tan
tan 2
2 tan
1 tan 2
) = 1 tan
1
2
To determine Ay, consider a vertical displacement y A :
Note that y A = yB = yC
yC
yE
300 mm
240 mm
yE
750 mm
yG
360 mm
or yE = 2.5 y A
or yG =
360
( 2.5 y A ) = 3.75 y A
240
Virtual Work:
U = 0: Ay y A + ( 960 N ) yB ( 240 N ) yG = 0
Ay y A + ( 960 N ) y A ( 240 N )( 3.75 y A ) = 0
Ay = 60 N or A y = 60 N
To determine A x , consider a horizontal displacement x A :
Ax x A = 0, or Ax = 0
A = 60.0 N
Thus the total force reaction is:

To determine M A , consider a counterclockwise rotation A :
Note that
yB = 600 A
yC = 900 A
yC
yE
300 mm
240 mm
yE
750 mm
yG
360 mm
or yE =
750
( 900 A ) = 2250 A
300
or yG =
360
( 2250 A ) = 3375 A
240
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
M A A + ( 960 N ) yB ( 240 N ) yG = 0
M A A + ( 960 N )( 600 A mm ) ( 240 N )( 3375 A mm ) = 0
M A = 234000 N mm,
or M = 234 N m
To determine Dy , consider a vertical displacement yD :
Note that
yD
yE
300 mm
240 mm
yE
or
yE = 3.5 yD
yG
or
yG =
1050 mm
360 mm
360
( 3.5 yD ) = 5.25 yD
240
Virtual Work:
U = 0: Dy yD + ( 240 N ) yG = 0
Dy yD + ( 240 N )( 5.25 yD ) = 0
Dy = 1260 N
or
D y = 1.260 kN
From the solution of Problem 10.41
Fcyl = 99.270 lb
By Virtual Work:
U = 0:
Fcyl ( d AB ) P yD = 0
( 99.270 lb )( d AB ) (120 lb )(1.2 in.) = 0

d AB = 1.45059 in.
or d AB = 1.451 in. ( shorter )
From Problem 10.46
FBD = 2370 lb as shown.
By Virtual Work: Assume both yC and BD increase.
U = 0:
( 500 lb ) yC + FBD BD = 0
( 500 lb )( 2.5 in.) + ( 2370 lb ) BD = 0
BD = 0.5274 in.
Thus BD = 0.527 in. Longer
Apply vertical load P at C:

M B = 0: (12 m ) J y ( 3 m ) P = 0
Jy =
P
4
Fx = 0: J x = 0
Fy = 0:
P 3
FFG = 0
4 5
FFG =
5
P (T)
12
Virtual Work:
Remove member FG and replace it with forces FFG and FFG at pins F
and G, respectively. Denoting the virtual displacements of F and G as
rF and rG , respectively, and noting that P and yC have the same
direction, have by virtual work.
U = 0: P yC + FFG rF + ( FFG ) rG = 0
P yC + FFG rF cos F FFG rG cos G = 0
P yC FFG ( rG cos G rF cos F ) = 0
Where ( rG cos G rF cos F ) = FG , which is the change in length of
member FG. Thus
P yC FFG FG = 0
5
P yC P ( 30 mm ) = 0
12
yC = 12.50 mm
or yC = 12.50 mm
Apply a horizontal load P at C:

Fx = 0: P J x = 0 J x = P
M B = 0: (12 m ) J y ( 2.25 m ) P = 0
Jy =
Fy = 0:
3
P
16
3
3
P FFG = 0
16
5
FFG =
5
P (T)
16
Virtual Work:
Remove member FG and replace it with forces FFG and FFG at pins F
and G, respectively. Since P and xC have the same direction, and since
FFG tends to decrease the length FG, have by virtual work.
U = 0: P xC FFG FG = 0
5
P xC P ( 30 mm ) = 0
16
xC = 9.375 mm
or xC = 9.38 mm
Spring:
s = x 0.3 m
yE =
x x
x
=
3 6
2
Potential Energy:
V =
1 2
ks + WyE
2
1
2
x
k ( x 0.3) W
2
2
For equilibrium:
dV
1
= k ( x 0.3) W = 0
dx
2
1
2
( 5000 N/m )( x 0.3) m ( 900 N ) = 0

Solving
x = 0.390 m
x = 390 mm
Given:
( xSP )0
= 300 mm
k = 5 kN/m
From geometry:
1 x
yC =
3 2
x
6
sSP = x ( xSP )0
and
= ( x 0.3) m
Potential Energy:
V = VSP + VFC
1
2
1
k ( x 0.3) + FC x
2
6
For equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
dx
k ( x 0.3)
1
FC = 0
6
1
6
( 5000 N/m )( x 0.3) m ( 900 N ) = 0

or x = 0.330 m
x = 330 mm
k = 2.5 kN/m
Given:
( SSP )0 = 0
From geometry:
at
= 45
yD = ( 0.25 m ) sin
( xSP )0 = 2 ( 0.3 m ) cos 45

S SP = ( xSP )0 x A
= ( 0.6 m ) cos 45 2 ( 0.3 m ) cos
= ( 0.6 m )( cos 45 cos )
Potential Energy:
V = VSP + VFD
=
For equilibrium:
1
2
2
k ( 0.6 m ) ( cos 45 cos ) ( 250 N ) ( 0.25 m ) sin
2
dV
= 0:
d
k ( 0.36 )( sin )( cos 45 cos ) + 62.5cos = 0
62.5 N m
or
tan ( cos 45 cos ) =
or
tan ( cos 45 cos ) = 0.06944
( 2500 N/m ) ( 0.36 m 2 )
Solving numerically
and
= 15.03
= 36.9
k = 12.5
s=0
lb
in.
P = 150 lb
when = 0
From geometry:
yB = (15 in.) sin
s = 30 in. 2 (15 in.) cos
= ( 30 in.)(1 cos )
Potential Energy:
V = VSP + VP
=
1 2
ks + P yB
2
1
2
2
k ( 30 in.) (1 cos ) + P (15 in.) sin
2
For equilibrium
dV
= 0:
d
or
k 900 in 2 (1 cos )( sin ) (15 in.) cos P = 0
lb
2
12.5 900 in (1 cos )( sin ) (15 in.)(150 lb ) cos = 0
in.
or
11250 (1 cos )( sin ) 2250 cos = 0
or
(1 cos ) tan
= 0.200
= 40.22
= 40.2
k = 12.5
s=0
lb
in.
= 25
when = 0
From geometry:
yB = (15 in.) sin

s = 30 in. 2 (15 in.) cos
= ( 30 in.)(1 cos )
Potential Energy:
V = VSP + VP
=
1 2
ks + P yB
2
1
2
2
k ( 30 in.) (1 cos ) + P (15 in.) sin
2
dV
= 0:
d
For equilibrium
k 900 in 2 (1 cos )( sin ) (15 in.) cos P = 0

or
lb
2
12.5 900 in (1 cos 25)( sin 25) (15 in.)( cos 25) P = 0
in.
or
P = 32.8 lb
90 +
v = 2l sin
Spring
v = 2l sin 45 +
2
Unstretched ( = 0 )
v0 = 2l sin 45 =
2l
s = v v0 = 2l sin 45 + 2l
2
Deflection of spring
V =
1 2
1
ks + Py A = kl 2 2sin 45 + 2 + P ( l sin )
2
2
2
dV
= kl 2 2sin 45 + 2 cos 45 + Pl cos = 0

d
2
2
2sin 45 + cos 45 + 2 cos 45 + = cos

2
2
2 kl
cos 2 cos 45 + = cos

2 kl
Divide each member by cos
cos 45 +
2
P
=
1 2
cos
kl
Then with P = 150 lb, l = 30 in. and k = 40 lb/in.
cos 45 +
2
150 lb
1 2
=
cos
40
lb/in.
(
)( 30 in.)
= 0.125
or
cos 45 +
2
= 0.618718
cos
= 17.83
y A = l sin
From geometry:
( cos
lCD = l
+ sin ) + 1 ( cos sin )

2
= l 3 + 2sin 2 cos
sSP = ( lCD l )
=l
Potential Energy:
3 + 2sin 2 cos 1
V = VSP + VP
1 2
= ksSP
+ Py A
2
2
1
= kl 2 3 + 2sin 2cos 1 + P ( l sin )
2
dV
= 0:
d
cos + sin
3 + 2sin 2cos 1 P l cos = 0
3 + 2sin 2 cos
1
P
(1 + tan ) =
kl
3 + 2sin 2cos
600 N
=
( 4000 N/m )( 0.8 m )
= 0.1875
For equilibrium:
or
kl 2
Solving numerically
= 10.77
From geometry
yC = d AC tan
d AC = 375 mm
yP = r
r = 75 mm
Potential Energy:
V = VSP + VP =
=
1 2
kyC PyP
2
1 2
kd AC tan 2 P r
2
For equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
2
tan sec 2 P r = 0
kd AC
( 0.8 N/mm )( 375 mm )2 tan sec2 ( 480 N )( 75 mm ) = 0

3.125 tan sec2 = 1
Solving numerically
= 16.41
125 = 375 ,
Since
xC = xD ,
Also
250
xE = ( 250 mm ) =
mm
3
or
Potential Energy:
V = M + Q xE PyG
= M +
250
100
Q
P
3
3
For Equilibrium:
dV
=:
d
M +
250
100
Q
P=0
3
3
Thus at equilibrium, V is constant and the equilibrium is neutral.
Q.E.D.
First note
y B = yF
For small , :
yB = (10 in.)
yF = ( 6 in.)
10 = 6
Thus
5
3
=
y A = (16 in.)
Also
yG = (12 in.)
= ( 20 in.)
h + xD ( h = constant )
= h + ( 8 in.)
xD = ( 4.8 in.)
= ( 8 in.)
Potential Energy:
V = VFA + VP + VW
= FA y A PyG + Wyw
= ( 20 lb )(16 in.) P ( 20 in.) + ( 30 lb ) ( h + 8 ) in.
= ( 320 20 P 240 ) 30 h ( lb in.)
For equilibrium:
dV
=0
d
320 20 P 240 = 0
V is a constant therefore equilibrium is neutral.
Q.E.D.
Potential Energy:
l
V = W cos W sin
2
2
Wl
( cos + sin )
2
dV Wl
=
( sin cos )
d
2
For equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
sin cos = 0
tan = 1
= 45 and = 135
d 2V Wl
=
( cos + sin )
2
d 2
Stability:
= 45:
= 135:
d 2V Wl
=
( 0.707 + 0.707 ) > 0
2
d 2
d 2V Wl
=
( 0.707 0.707 ) < 0
2
d 2
Stable
Unstable
Potential Energy:
l
V = WCD cos WAB sin

2
= WCD
l
WAB
sin
cos +
2
WCD
WAB m AB g 300
=
=
= 0.6
WCD mCD g 500
But
V = WCD
Thus
l
( cos + 0.6sin )
2
dV
l
= WCD ( sin 0.6cos )
d
2
For Equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
sin 0.6cos = 0
tan = 0.6
= 31.0 and = 149.0

Stability:
d 2V
l
= WCD ( cos + 0.6sin )
2
2
d
= 31.0 :
d 2V
l
= WCD ( cos 31.0 + 0.6sin 31.0 ) > 0
2
2
d
Stable
= 149.0:
= WCD
d V
l
= WCD cos ( 149.0 ) + 0.6sin ( 149.0 )
2
2
d
l
0.8572 + 0.6 ( 0.5150 ) < 0
2
Unstable
Let each rod be of length L and weight W. Then the potential energy V is
V = W sin + W cos 2
2
Then
dV
W
=
L cos WL sin 2
d
2
For equilibrium
dV
W
= 0:
L cos WL sin 2 = 0
d
2
or
cos 2sin 2 = 0
Solving numerically or using a computer algebra system, such as Maple, gives four solutions:
= 1.570796327 rad = 90.0

= 1.570796327 rad = 270
= 0.2526802551 rad = 14.4775
= 2.888912399 rad = 165.522
Now
1
d 2V
= WL sin 2WL cos 2
2
2
d
= WL sin + 2cos 2
2
continued
At = 14.4775
d 2V
1
= WL sin14.4775 + 2cos 2 (14.4775 )

2
2
d
= 1.875WL ( < 0 )
= 14.48, Unstable
At = 90
d 2V
1
= WL sin 90 + 2 cos180
2
d
2
= 1.5WL ( > 0 )
= 90, Stable
At = 165.522
d 2V
1
= WL sin165.522 + 2cos ( 2 165.522 )

2
d
2
= 1.875WL ( < 0 )
= 165.5, Unstable
At = 270
d 2V
1
= WL sin 270 + 2cos 540

2
d
2
= 2.5WL ( > 0 )
= 270, Stable
Potential energy
V = W cos1.5 + W cos
2
W = mg
dV
Wl
Wl
=
( 1.5sin1.5 ) + ( sin )
d
2
2
=
Wl
(1.5sin1.5 + sin )
2
d 2V
Wl
= ( 2.25cos1.5 + cos )
2
2
d
For equilibrium
dV
= 0: 1.5sin1.5 + sin = 0
d
Solutions: One solution, by inspection, is = 0, and a second angle less than 180 can be found numerically:
= 2.4042 rad = 137.8

Now
d 2V
Wl
= ( 2.25cos1.5 + cos )
2
d 2
At = 0:
d 2V
Wl
= ( 2.25cos 0 + cos 0 )
2
d 2
=
At = 137.8:
Wl
( 3.25) ( < 0 )
2
= 0, Unstable
d 2V
Wl
2.25cos (1.5 137.8 ) + cos137.8
=
2
2
d
Wl
( 2.75) ( > 0 )
2
= 137.8, Stable
Potential Energy
V =
1
K 2 Pl sin
2
dV
= K Pl cos
d
d 2V
= K + Pl sin
d 2
dV
K
= 0: cos =
d
Pl
Equilibrium:
For
P = 2 kN,
l = 250 mm,
cos =
K = 225 N m/rad
225 N m/rad
( 2000 N )( 0.25 m )
= 0.450
Solving numerically, we obtain
= 1.06896 rad = 61.247

= 61.2
Stability
d 2V
= ( 225 N m/rad ) + ( 2000 N )( 0.25 m ) sin 61.2 > 0
d 2
Stable
Potential Energy
V =
1
K 2 Pl sin
2
dV
= K Pl cos
d
d 2V
= K + Pl sin
d 2
Equilibrium
dV
K
= 0: cos =
d
Pl
P = 6.3 kN, l = 250 mm, and K = 225 N m/rad
For
cos =
225 N m/rad
( 6300 N )( 0.25 m )
cos =
or
= 1.37333 rad, 5.652 rad, and 6.616 rad

= 78.7, 323.8, 379.1
or
Stability At = 78.7:
d 2V
= ( 225 N m/rad ) + ( 6300 N )( 0.25 m ) sin 78.7
d 2
= 1769.5 N m > 0
At = 323.8:
d 2V
= ( 225 N m/rad ) + ( 6300 N )( 0.25 m ) sin 323.8
d 2
= 705.2 N m < 0
At = 379.1:
= 78.7, Stable
= 324, Unstable
d 2V
= ( 225 N m/rad ) + ( 6300 N )( 0.25 m ) sin 379.1
d 2
= 740.37 N m > 0
= 379, Stable
ySP = r ( 0 ) ,
Have
yB = l AB cos ,
r = 4 in.,
0 = 20 =
rad
l AB = 18 in.
Potential Energy:
V =
=
1 2
kySP + WyB
2
1 2
2
kr ( 0 ) + Wl AB cos
2
dV
= kr 2 ( 0 ) Wl AB sin
d
d 2V
= kr 2 Wl AB cos
d 2
For equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
( 4.5 lb/in.)( 4 in.)2
W (18 in.) sin = 0

9
4
W = 2.4683 lb
W = 2.47 lb
Stability:
d 2V
2
= ( 4.5 lb/in.)( 4 in.) ( 2.4683 lb )(18 in.) cos
2
4
d
= 40.6 lb in. > 0
Stable
Have
ySP = r ( 0 ) ,
r = 4 in.,
yB = l AB cos ,
l AB = 18 in.
0 = 20 =
rad
Potential Energy:
1 2
kySP + WyB
2
1
2
= kr 2 ( 0 ) + Wl AB cos
2
V =
dV
= kr 2 ( 0 ) Wl AB sin
d
d 2V
= kr 2 Wl AB cos
d 2
For equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
Solving numerically:
( 4.5 lb/in.)( 4 in.)2
( 6.6 lb )(18 in.) sin = 0

9
1.65sin = 0
9
= 1.90680 rad
= 109.252
= 109.3 W
Stability:
d 2V
2
= ( 4.5 lb/in.)( 4 in.) ( 6.6 lb )(18 in.) cos109.252
d 2
= 111.171 lb in. > 0
Stable W
Note:
y = 20
(11)2 ( 20 x )2 in.
= 20 x 2 + 40 x 279 in.
Potential Energy:
V =
1
1
2
2
k ( x 7.5 ) + k ( y 7.5) + WA ( 20 ) + WB y
2
2
1
1
2
k ( x 7.5 ) + k 12.5 x 2 + 40 x 279
2
2
Equilibrium Condition:
=
dV
= 0:
dx
+ 20WA + WB 20 x 2 + 40 x 279
40 2 x
k ( x 7.5 ) + k 12.5 x 2 + 40 x 279

2 x 2 + 40 x 279
WB
40 2 x
2
2 x + 40 x 279
=0
Simplifying,
12.5 k ( x 20 ) + 12.5k x 2 + 40 x 279 + WB ( x 20 ) = 0
Substituting
k = 1 lb/in.,
WB = 10 lb:
12.5 (1 lb/in.) ( x 20 ) in. + 12.5 (1 lb/in.)
x 2 + 40 x 279 in. + (10 lb ) ( x 20 ) in. = 0
or
or
( x 20 ) +
x 2 + 40 x 279 + 0.8 ( x 20 ) = 0
x 2 + 40 x 279 = 1.8 ( 20 x )
or
x 2 + 40 x 279 = ( 36 1.8 x )
or
4.24 x 2 169.6 x + 1575 = 0

169.6
( 169.6 )2 4 ( 4.24 )(1575)

2 ( 4.24 )
Then
x=
or
x = 14.6579 in.
Since
x 20 in.
and
x = 25.342 in.
x = 14.66 in. W
Deflection of spring = s, where
l 2 + y2 l
s =
ds
=
dy
V =
Potential Energy:
y
2
l y2
1 2
y
ks W
2
2
dV
ds 1
= ks
W
dy
dy 2
dV
=k
dy
l 2 + y2 l
= k 1
Equilibrium
Now
Then
or
l + y
1
W
2
y 1W
2
2
2
l + y
l
dV
= 0: 1
dy
y
2
y = 1W
2
2
2 k
l + y
l
W = mg = (12 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 117.72 N, l = 0.75 m, and k = 900 N/m
0.75 m
( 0.75 m )2
y = 1 (117.72 N )
2 ( 900 N/m )
+ y 2
y = 0.0654
0.5625 + y 2
0.75
y = 0.45342 m
y = 453 mm
(a)
We note that in U ABC,

1
A = B = 180 ( 90 + )
2
= 45
Thus AB = 2a cos 45
2
= 2a cos 45 cos + sin 45 sin

2
2
= 2a
=
Elongation of Spring:
cos + sin
2
2
2
2 a cos + sin
2
2
s = AB 2 a
= 2 a cos + sin 1
2
2
Potential Energy:
V =
1 2
ks W ( l sin )
2
V =
k 2a 2 cos + sin 1 Wl sin

2
2
2
( )
= ka 2 cos 2 + sin 2 + 1 + 2cos sin 2cos 2sin Wl sin

2
2
2
2
2
2
= ka 2 1 + 1 + sin 2cos 2sin Wl sin

2
2
Wl
= 2ka 2 1 cos sin + ka 2 1 2 sin

2
2
ka
continued
dV
1
Wl
1
= 2ka 2 sin cos + ka 2 1 2 cos

2 2
2
d
ka
2

Wl
= ka 2 cos sin + 1 2 cos
2
2
ka

For Equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
(b)
cos
sin
Wl
= 1 2 cos
2
ka
(1)
Given data:
k = 75 lb/in., a = 10 in., l = 15 in., and W =100 lb

cos
Using equation (1):
cos
sin
sin
(100 lb )(15 in.) cos

= 1
2
( 75 lb/in.)(10 in.)2
Letting
cos = cos 2
Then
cos
sin
= 0.8 cos
sin 2
= 0.8 cos sin cos + sin

2
2
2
2
Which yields
cos
sin
=0
and
The first equation yields

In the second equation let x = cos
cos
+ sin
= 1.25
and the equation becomes
x 2 1.25 x + 0.28125 = 0
Solving
x = 0.95572 and x = 0.29428

2
= cos 1 0.95572 and
= 90.0 W
= 45,
or
x + 1 x 2 = 1.25
= cos 1 0.29428
= 34.2 and = 145.8 W

Stability:
d 2V 1 2
Wl
= ka sin + cos 2 1 2 sin

2
2
2
d
ka
1 2
ka sin + cos 1.6sin

2
2
2
= 34.2:
= 90.0:
= 145.8:
d 2V 1 2
= ka ( 0.2940 + 0.9558 0.8993) > 0
d 2 2
d 2V 1 2
= ka ( 0.707 + 0.707 1.6 ) < 0
d 2 2
d 2V 1 2
= ka ( 0.9558 + 0.2940 0.8993) > 0
d 2 2
Stable W
Unstable W
Stable W
Note:
xSPA = rA sin
xSPB = xSPA
xSP = xSPA + xSPB
= 2rA sin ,
yBLOCK = r ,
V =
Potential Energy:
rA = 150 mm
r = 200 mm
1 2
kxSP mgyBLOCK
2
1
2
k ( 2rA sin ) mgr
2
= 2krA2 sin 2 mgr
dV
= 2krA2 ( 2sin cos ) mgr = 2krA2 sin 2 mgr
d
d 2V
= 4krA2 cos 2
2
d
(1)
dV
= 0:
d
2krA2 sin 2 mgr = 0
Thus
2 ( 2000 N/m )( 0.15 m ) sin 2 m 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.2 m ) = 0
or
m = 45.872 sin 2 ( kg )
(a)
From Eq. (2),
with m 0:
(b)
For Stable equilibrium:
d 2V
>0
d 2
Then from Eq. (1)
cos 2 > 0
(2)
0 m 45.9 kg W
or
0 45.0 W
Note:
xSPA = rA sin
xSPB = xSPA
xSP = xSPA + xSPB
= 2rA sin ,
rA = 150 mm
yBLOCK = r ,
V =
Potential Energy:
r = 200 mm
1 2
kxSP mgyBLOCK
2
1
2
k ( 2rA sin ) mgr
2
= 2krA2 sin 2 mgr
dV
= 2krA2 ( 2sin cos ) mgr = 2krA2 sin 2 mgr
d
d 2V
= 4krA2 cos 2
d 2
(1)
dV
= 0:
d
2krA2 sin 2 mgr = 0
Thus
2 ( 2000 N/m )( 0.15 m ) sin 2 m 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.2 m ) = 0
or
m = 45.872 sin 2 ( kg )
(2)
20 = 45.872 sin 2
Solving
= 12.9243
and
= 77.076
Stability: Using Eq. (1)
= 12.9243:
d 2V
= 4krA2 cos ( 2 12.9243 ) > 0
d 2
= 77.076:
d 2V
= 4krA2 cos ( 2 77.076 ) < 0
d 2
= 12.92, Stable W
= 77.1, Unstable W
(a)
sSP = l cos 0 l cos

= l ( cos 0 cos )
Potential Energy:
V =
=
1 2
ksSP mg ( 2l sin )
2
1 2
2
kl ( cos 0 cos ) 2mgl sin
2
dV
= kl 2 ( cos 0 cos ) sin 2mgl cos
d
Equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
(1)
kl 2 ( cos 0 cos ) sin 2mgl cos = 0
Since cos = 0 is not a solution of the equation, we can divide all terms by kl 2 cos and write
( cos 0 cos ) tan
2mg
kl
(2)
The spring is unstretched for = 0 thus 0 = 0 in Eq. (2) and we have
(1 cos ) tan
2mg
W
kl
(b)
For the given data
(1 cos ) tan
Solving by trial and error:
2 ( 5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2
(800 N/m )( 0.250 m )
= 0.4905
= 51.96,
= 52.0 W
Stability: Differentiating Eq. (1):
d 2V
= kl 2 sin 2 + cos 0 cos cos 2 + 2mgl sin
2
d
2mg
sin
= kl 2 cos 0 cos cos 2 +
kl
(3)
For 0 = 0, = 51.96, and the given data
d 2V
= kl 2 ( cos 51.96 cos103.92 + 0.4905sin 51.96 )
d 2
= 1.2431 kl 2 > 0
= 52.0, Stable W
(1)
Law of Sines:
yA
l
=
sin ( 90 + ) sin ( 90 )
yA
l
=
cos ( ) cos
yA = l
From Eq. (1):
yB = l
cos ( )
cos
cos ( )
l cos
cos
Potential Energy:
l cos ( )
cos ( )
l cos Ql
V = PyB Qy A = P
cos
cos
sin ( )
sin ( )
dV
= Pl
+ l sin + Ql
d
cos
cos
Equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
or
( P + Q )( sin cos
( P + Q ) sin (
) = P sin cos
cos sin ) = P sin cos
Substracting P ( sin cos ) from each member yields
( P + Q ) cos sin + Q sin cos = 0

or
Given data:
tan =
P+Q
tan
Q
= 30, P = Q = 400 N
tan =
( 400 N ) + ( 400 N )
( 400 N )
tan 30
tan = 2 ( 0.57735 ) = 1.1547
= 49.1
(1)
Law of Sines:
yA
l
=
sin ( 90 + ) sin ( 90 )
yA
l
=
cos ( ) cos
yA = l
From Eq. (1):
yB = l
cos ( )
cos
cos ( )
l cos
cos
Potential Energy:
cos ( )
cos ( )
l cos Ql
V = PyB Qy A = P l
cos
cos
sin ( )
sin ( )
dV
= Pl
+ l sin + Ql
d
cos
cos
Equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
or
( P + Q )( sin cos
( P + Q ) sin (
) = P sin cos
cos sin ) = P sin cos
Substracting P ( sin cos ) from each member yields
( P + Q ) cos sin + Q sin cos = 0

or
Given data:
tan =
P+Q
tan
Q
P = 100 N, Q = 25 N, = 30
tan =
(100 N ) + ( 25 N )
( 25 N )
tan 30
= 5 ( 0.57735 ) = 2.8868
= 70.9
First note, by Law of Cosines:

2
d 2 = (16 ) + 16 sin 2 (16 ) 16 sin cos

2
2
2
d = 16 1 + sin 2
sin in.
xSP = rA
Also note
Potential Energy:
V =
1 2
kxSP + WD yD
2
1
2
k ( rA ) + WD ( yD )0 (16 d ) sin 60
2
1 2 2
krA + WD ( yD )0 16 16 1 + sin 2 sin
2
2
sin 60
Equilibrium condition:
dV
= 0:
d
krA2
+ 16WD sin 60
krA2 + 4WD sin 60
sin cos cos

2
2
2
1 + sin 2
sin
sin 2cos
1 + sin
=0
sin
=0
Substituting,
( 2.5 lb/in.)( 2 in.)2

or
1 + sin 2
1 + sin 2
sin + 4 ( 25 lb ) sin 60 ( sin 2cos ) = 0
sin + 8.6603 ( sin 2 cos ) = 0
= 1.08572 rad
or
= 62.2
First note that cable tension is uniform throughout,

hence
FSP1 = FSP2
k1x1 = k2 x2
x2 =
k1
6 lb/in.
x1 =
x1
k2
3 lb/in.
x2 = 2 x1
Now, with C midway between the pulleys,
2d = 16 in. + x1 + x2
d =8+
Then
1
( x1 + x2 )
2
y 2 = d 2 82
2
= 8 + ( x1 + x2 ) 82
2
1
2
= 8 ( x1 + x2 ) + ( x1 + x2 )
4
1
2
= 8 ( x1 + 2 x1 ) + ( x1 + 2 x1 )
4
9
= 24 x1 + x12 in 2
4
( )
1
96 x1 + 9 x12
2
Potential Energy:
y=
V =
1 2 1
k1x1 + k2 x22 Wy
2
2
1 2 1
2
1
k1x1 + k2 ( 2 x1 ) W
96 x1 + 9 x12
2
2
2
1
1
( k1 + 4k2 ) x12 W 96 x1 + 9 x12
2
2
Equilibrium condition:
=0
4 96 x + 9 x 2
1
1
dV
= 0:
dx1
( k1 + 4k2 ) x1 W
6 + 4 ( 3) lb/in. ( x1 ) in.
or
18x1 96 x1 + 9 x12 600 112.5x1 = 0
x1 = 2.7677 in.
Then
y=
1
96 x1 + 9 x12 in. ( 25 lb ) ( 96 + 18 x1 ) in. = 0
4
or
Solving,
96 + 18x1
1
2
96 ( 2.7677 ) + 9 ( 2.7677 )
2
= 9.1466 in.
y = 9.15 in.
Stretch of Spring
s = AB r
s = 2 ( r cos ) r
s = r ( 2cos 1)
Potential Energy:
V =
1 2
ks Wr sin 2
2
V =
1 2
2
kr ( 2 cos 1) Wr sin 2
2
W = mg
dV
= kr 2 ( 2 cos 1) 2sin 2Wr cos 2
d
Equilibrium
dV
= 0:
d
kr 2 ( 2cos 1) sin Wr cos 2 = 0
( 2cos
1) sin
cos 2
Now
Then
W
kr
( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s2
W
=
= 0.36333
kr
( 3000 N/m )( 0.180 m )
( 2cos
1) sin
cos 2
= 0.36333
= 0.9580 rad = 54.9
= 54.9
Have
Then
l AD = 2r sin
y A = LAD sin ( 90 ) 45
= 2r sin sin ( 45 )
Also for spring
s = l AB r
= 2r cos r
= r ( 2 cos 1)
V = VSP + Vm
Potential Energy:
1 2
ks + mgy A
2
1 2
2
kr ( 2 cos 1) 2mgr sin sin ( 45 )
2
For Equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
kr 2 ( 2sin )( 2cos 1) 2mgr cos sin ( 45 ) sin cos ( 45 ) = 0

or
or
kr sin ( 2 cos 1) mg sin ( 45 2 ) = 0

sin ( 2cos 1)
sin ( 45 2 )
( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s2
mg
=
=
kr
( 3000 N/m )( 0.18 m )
= 0.36333
Solving numerically
= 46.6
xC = d sin
Have
yB = h cos
V = 2 kxC2 + WyB
2
Potential Energy:
= kd 2 sin 2 + Wh cos
dV
= 2kd 2 sin cos Wh sin
d
Then
= kd 2 sin 2 Wh sin
d 2V
= 2kd 2 cos 2 Wh cos
d 2
and
(1)
For equilibrium position = 0 to be stable, we must have

d 2V
= 2kd 2 Wh > 0
d 2
or
kd 2 >
1
Wh
2
(2)
1
d 2V
= 0, so that we must determine which is the first derivative that is not
Wh, we have
2
d 2
equal to zero. Differentiating Equation (1), we write
Note: For kd 2 =
d 3V
= 4kd 2 sin 2 + Wh sin = 0
d 3
for = 0
d 4V
= 8kd 2 cos 2 + Wh cos
d 4
For = 0:
d 4V
= 8kd 2 + Wh
d 4
1
d 4V
1
Wh,
= 4Wh + Wh < 0, we conclude that the equilibrium is unstable for kd 2 = Wh
4
2
2
d
and the > sign in Equation (2) is correct.
Since kd 2 =
With
Equation (2) gives
W = 160 lb, h = 50 in., and d = 24 in.

2
k ( 24 in.) >
or
1
(160 lb )( 50 in.)
2
k > 6.944 lb/in.
k > 6.94 lb/in.

Using Equation (2) of problem 10.89 with
h = 30 in.,
k = 4 lb/in.,
kd 2 >
or
( 4 lb/in.) d 2
>
and
W = 40 lb
1
Wh
2
1
( 40 lb )( 30 in.)
2
d 2 > 150 in 2
or
d > 12.247 in.

Smallest d = 12.25 in.
Consider a small clockwise rotation of the plate about its center.

Then
V = 2VP + 4VSP
where
VP = P cos
2
=
VSP =
and
1
( Pa cos )
2
1 2
kySP
2
2
d =
Now
=
and
a
2
+a
2
a
5
2
= 180 + 90
2
= 90
2
Then
a

5 sin
ySP =

2
=
5 sin 90
2
2
5 cos
2
2
continued
VSP =
and
1 a

k 5 cos
2 2
2
5 2 2
ka cos 2
8
2
V = Pa cos +
5 2 2
ka cos 2
2
2
Then
dV
= Pa sin + ka 2 2 cos 2
8
2
d
+ 2 cos sin
2
2
2
= Pa sin +
5 2
1
ka 2 cos 2 + 2 sin ( 2 )
2
2 2
d 2V
= Pa cos + ka 2 2 cos 2
2
2
2
d
2 cos sin + sin ( 2 )

2
2
2
1 2
cos ( 2 )
2
= Pa cos +
5 2
3
ka 2cos 2 + sin ( 2 )
2
2 2
1 2
cos ( 2 )
2
1
5

3
d 3V
= Pa sin + ka 2 4 cos sin + sin ( 2 )

3
2
2
2 2
d
3
1
cos ( 2 ) cos ( 2 ) + 2 sin ( 2 )

2
2
= Pa sin +
+
5 2 1
5
ka sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )
2
2
2
1 2
sin ( 2 )
2
When = 0,
dV
= 0 for all values of P.
d
For stable equilibrium when = 0, require

d 2V
5
> 0: Pa + ka 2 2cos 2 > 0
2
2
d
cos =
Now, when = 0,
a
2
a
5
2
1
5
1
Pa + 5ka 2 > 0
5
P < ka
or
When P = ka ( for = 0 ) :
dV
=0
d
d 2V
=0
d 2
d 3V
5
= ka 2 sin 2 > 0 unstable
3
4
d
Stable equilibrium for 0 P < ka W
s=
Spring:
L
2L
sin =
sin
3
3
For small values of and :
= 2
2L
L
1
V = P cos +
cos + ks 2
3
3
2
=
PL
1 2L
( cos 2 + 2cos ) + k sin
3
2 3
dV
PL
2
=
( 2sin 2 2sin ) + kL2 sin cos
d
3
9
=
PL
2
( 2sin 2 + 2sin ) + kL2 sin 2
3
9
d 2V
PL
4
=
( 4 cos 2 + 2cos ) + kL2 cos 2
2
3
9
d
When
For stability:
= 0:
d 2V
6 PL 4 2
=
+ kL
2
3
9
d
d 2V
4
> 0: 2PL + kL2 > 0
2
9
d
0 P<
2
kL W
9
From geometry:
xC = a sin = 2a sin
For small values of ,
= 2
or =
y A = a cos + 3 a cos
= a cos + 3cos
2
For spring:
s = xC = a sin
Potential Energy:
V = VSP + VP
k ( a sin ) + Pa cos + 3cos

2
2
dV
3
= ka 2 cos sin Pa sin + sin

2
2
d
d 2V
3
= ka 2 sin 2 + cos 2 Pa cos + cos

4
2
d 2
For stable equilibrium:
d 2V
>0
d 2
Then, with = 0
ka 2 Pa 1 + > 0
4
or
P<
4
ka
7
Consider a small disturbance of the system defined by the angle .

Have
xC = 2a sin = a sin
For small :
2 =
Now, the Potential Energy is

V =
1 2
kxB + PyE
2
xB = a sin
where
yE = yC + yE/C
and
= 2a cos + 2a cos
= 2a ( cos + cos 2 )
Then
and
V =
1 2 2
ka sin + 2Pa ( cos + cos 2 )
2
dV
1
= ka 2 ( 2sin cos ) 2Pa ( sin + 2sin 2 )
d
2
=
1 2
ka sin 2 2Pa ( sin + 2sin 2 )
2
d 2V
= ka 2 cos 2 2Pa ( cos + 4 cos 2 )
d 2
For = 0 and for stable equilibrium:
d 2V
>0
d 2
or
ka 2 2 Pa (1 + 4 ) > 0
P<
or
1
ka
10
0 P<
Check stability for
P=
ka
10
d 3V
= 2ka 2 sin 2 + 2Pa ( sin + 8sin 2 )
d 3
d 4V
= 4ka 2 cos 2 + 2Pa ( cos + 16cos 2 )
d 4
Then, with
=0
and
P=
ka
10
dV
=0
d
d 2V
=0
d 2
d 3V
=0
d 3
d 4V
1
= 4ka 2 + 2 ka ( a )(1 + 16 )
4
d
10
= 0.6ka 2 < 0 Unstable
1
ka W
10
Displacements:
xG = xC = a sin
tan =
xG
a + c a cos
a sin
a + c a cos
sin
c
1 + cos
a
Differentiating both sides with respect to :
1 d
=
2
cos d
For = = 0:
cos 1 + cos sin ( sin )

a
2
c
1
cos
c
d
a
= a 2 =
d c
c

a
Potential Energy:
V = W1 y1 + W2 y2 = m1gb ( cos 1) + m2 ga (1 cos )

dV
d
= m1gb sin
+ m2 ga sin
d
d
2
d 2
d 2V
d
=
m
gb
cos
m
gb
sin
2 + m2 ga cos
1
1
d 2
d
d
(1)
For = = 0, and recalling Eq. (1),

2
d 2V
a
= m1gb 0 + m2 ga
2
d
c
For stability we need
d 2V
>0
d 2
Thus
m1 < m2
or
m1g
ba 2
< m2 ga
c2
c2
ab
The smallest value of m1 for stable equilibrium is thus
m1 = m2
c2
ab
Note: To determine whether the equilibrium is stable when m1 has the exact value we found, we should
d 3V
d 4V
m c2
determine the values of the derivatives
and
for m1 = 2 . In practice, however we shall want to
4
3
d
d
( ab )
keep m1 below this value.
A = a sin = b sin
First note
For small values of and :
a = b
a
b
=
V = P ( a + b ) cos 2Q ( a + b ) cos
a
= ( a + b ) P cos 2Q cos
dV
a
= ( a + b ) P sin + 2Q sin
d
b
b
a2
d 2V
a
a
b
=
+
(
)
2 P cos + 2Q cos
2
d
b
b
When = 0:
Stability:
a2
d 2V
a
b
=
+
(
)
2 P + 2Q
2
d
b
d 2V
a2
>
0:
P + 2Q > 0
d 2
b2
P<2
or
With
b2
Q
a2
(1)
a2
P
2b 2
P = 600 N, a = 480 mm and b = 400 mm
Q>
(2)
1 ( 480 mm )
Q>
( 600 N ) = 432 N
2 ( 400 mm )2
Q > 432 N
xB = l sin
Have
xC = l sin 1 + l sin 2
yC = l cos1 + l cos 2
V = PyC +
or
1 2 1 2
kxB + kxC
2
2
V = Pl ( cos1 + cos 2 ) +
1 2 2
2
kl sin 1 + ( sin 1 + sin 2 )
For small values of 1 and 2 :
sin 1 1,
Then
and
sin 2 2 ,
1
cos1 1 12 ,
2
cos 2 1
1 2
2
2
2
2 1
2
V = Pl 1 1 + 1 2 + kl 2 12 + (1 + 2 )
2
2
2
V
= Pl1 + kl 2 1 + (1 + 2 )
1
V
= Pl 2 + kl 2 (1 + 2 )
2
2V
= Pl + 2kl 2
12
2V
= Pl + kl 2
22
2V
= kl 2
1 2
continued
Stability
For
Conditions for stability (see page 583).
V
V
=
=0
1
2
1 = 2 = 0:
( condition satisfied )
2V
2V 2V
<0

12 22
1 2
Substituting,
( kl ) ( Pl + 2kl ) ( Pl + kl ) < 0
2
k 2l 4 P 2l 2 + 3Pkl 3 2k 2l 4 < 0
P 2 3klP + k 2l 2 > 0
Solving,
or
3 5
kl
2
or
P >
P < 0.382kl
or
P > 2.62kl
P<
3+ 5
kl
2
2V
> 0: Pl + 2kl 2 > 0
12
or
P<
1
kl
2
2V
> 0: Pl + kl 2 > 0
22
or
P < kl
Therefore, all conditions for stable equilibrium are satisfied when

0 P < 0.382kl
From the analysis of Problem 10.97 with

l = 400 mm
and
k = 1.25 kN/m
P < 0.382kl = 0.382 (1250 N/m )( 0.4 m ) = 191 N

0 P < 191.0 N
V =
Have
1
1
2
2
k ( a 2 ) + k ( a sin 1 + a sin 2 ) + P ( 2a cos1 + a cos 2 )
2
2
V
= ka 2 ( sin 1 + sin 2 ) cos1 2Pa sin 1
1
Then
= ka 2 sin 21 + cos1 sin 2 2 Pa sin 1

2
and
2V
= ka 2 ( cos 21 sin 1 sin 2 ) 2Pa cos1
12
2V
= ka 2 cos1 cos 2
1 2
Also
V
= ka 2 2 + ka 2 ( sin 1 + sin 2 ) cos 2 Pa sin 2
2
= ka 2 2 + ka 2 sin 1 cos 2 + sin 2 2 Pa sin 2

2
and
2V
= ka 2 + ka 2 ( sin 1 sin 2 + cos 2 2 ) Pa cos 2
22
1 = 2 = 0
When
V
=0
1
2V
= ka 2 2Pa
12
2V
= ka 2
1 2
V
=0
2
2V
= ka 2 + ka 2 Pa = 2ka 2 Pa
22
V
= 0:
1
Apply Equations 10.24
condition satisfied
V
= 0:
2
2
2V
2V 2V
< 0:

12 22
1 2
or
)(
2Pa 2ka 2 Pa < 0
2P 2 5kaP + k 2a 2 > 0
or
Also
k 2a 2 2k 2a 2 + 5kaP 2 P 2 < 0
Expanding
or
k 2a 2 ( ka 2P )( 2ka P ) < 0
or
or
( ka ) ( ka
condition satisfied
5 17
ka
4
and
P < 0.21922ka
and
P<
P >
5 + 17
ka
4
P > 2.2808ka
2V
> 0: ka 2 2 Pa > 0
12
or
2V
> 0: 2ka 2 Pa > 0
22
1
ka
2
or
P < 2ka
P<
For stable equilibrium when 1 = 2 = 0:

0 P < 0.219ka
Potential Energy:
V =
=
Then
1 2 1 2
kx1 + kx2 + Py
2
2
1
1
2
2
k ( a sin 1 + a sin 2 ) + k ( a 2 ) + P ( 2a cos1 + a cos 2 )
2
2
V
= ka 2 ( sin 1 + sin 2 ) cos1 2P a sin 1
1
= ka 2 sin 21 + cos1 sin 2 2Pa sin 1

2
2V
= ka 2 ( cos 21 sin 1 sin 2 ) 2Pa cos1
12
2V
= ka 2 cos1 cos 2
1 2
V
= ka 2 ( sin 1 + sin 2 ) cos 2 + ka 2 2 Pa sin 2
2
= ka 2 sin 1 cos 2 + sin 2 2 + ka 2 2 Pa sin 2

2
2V
= ka 2 ( sin 1 sin 2 + cos 2 2 ) + ka 2 Pa cos 2
22
1 = 2 = 0
When
2V
= ka 2
1 2
V
=0
1
V
=0
2
2V
= ka 2 2 Pa
2
1
2V
= ka 2 + ka 2 Pa = 2ka 2 Pa
2
2
Apply Eq. 10.24:
V
= 0:
1
Condition satisfied
V
= 0:
2
Condition satisfied
2V
2V 2V
< 0:

12 22
1 2
( ka ) ( ka
2
)(
2Pa 2ka 2 Pa < 0
k 2a 2 ( ka 2P )( 2ka P ) < 0
k 2a 2 2k 2a 2 + 5Pka 2P 2 < 0
2P 2 5P ka + k 2a 2 > 0
5 17
ka
4
and
P>
P < 0.21922 ka
and
P > 2.2808 ka
P<
or
2V
>0
12
5 + 17
ka
4
or
ka 2 2Pa > 0
or
P<
1
ka
2
2V
< 0:
22
2ka 2 Pa > 0
or
P < 2ka
continued
Thus, for stable equilibrium when 1 = 2 = 0:
0 P < 0.21922 ka
with k = 2 kN/m and a = 350 mm
0 P < 0.21922 ( 2000 N/m )( 0.35 m )

or
0 P < 153.5 N
From sketch
y A = 4 yC
y A = 4 yC
Thus,
(a) Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P=
P y A F yC = 0
1
F
4
F = 300 N:
P=
1
( 300 N ) = 75 N
4
P = 75.0 N
(b) Free body: Corkscrew
Fy = 0:
R+PF =0
R + 75 N 300 N = 0
R = 225 N
First note, by the Law of Cosines

2
DB 2 = ( 3 ft ) + ( 2 ft ) 2 ( 3 ft )( 2 ft ) cos
( )
= [13 12cos ] ft 2
DB = 13 12 cos
Then
1 (12 )( sin )
2 13 12 cos
B = DB =
6sin
13 12cos
or
B =
Also
y A = 4.5cos
y A = 4.5sin
Then
Virtual Work
U = 0: ( 8 kips ) y A FDB B = 0
Then
6sin
8 ( 4.5sin ) FDB
13 12 cos
or
FDB =
or
For
(8)( 4.5sin )
6sin
= 0
13 12cos
FDB = 6 13 12cos
= 70
FDB = 17.895 kips
FDB = 17.90 kips
Given:
l AB = 3.6 in.
lBC = 1.6 in.
lCD = 1.2 in.
lDE = 1.6 in.
lEF = 1.6 in.

lFG = 4.8 in.
Assume y A :
yC =
(1.6 in.) y = 4 y
( 3.6 in.) A 9 A
4
9
yD = yC = y A
yG =
=
Virtual Work:
( 4.8 in.) y = ( 4.8 in.) 4 y = 2 y

( 3.2 in.) D ( 3.2 in.) 9 A 3 A
yD
( 3.2 in.)
4
yA
9 ( 3.2 in.)
U = 0:
( 20 lb ) y A + P yG + (180 lb in.) = 0
2
4
y A + (180 lb in.)
yA = 0
3
9 ( 3.2 in.)
( 20 lb ) y A + P
Solving
P = 67.5 lb
P = 67.5 lb
Given:
l AB = 3.6 in.
lBC = 1.6 in.
lCD = 1.2 in.
lDE = 1.6 in.
lEF = 1.6 in.
lFG = 4.8 in.
Assume y A :
yC =
(1.6 in.) y = 4 y
( 3.6 in.) A 9 A
yD = yC =
=
Virtual Work:
yD
4
yA
9
( 3.2 in.)
4
5
yA =
y
9 ( 3.2 in.)
( 36 in.) A
U = 0:
( 20 lb ) y A + (180 lb in.) + M = 0
or
20 y A + 180 y A + M y A = 0
36
36
Solving
M = 324.0 lb in.
or
27.0 lb ft
Have
xB = l cos
xB = l sin
(1)
yC = l sin
yC = l cos
xB =
Now
1
l
2
Substituting from Equation (1)

l sin =
or
1
l
2
= 2sin
Virtual Work:
U = 0: M + P yC = 0
M ( 2sin ) + P ( l cos ) = 0
or
M =
1 cos
Pl
2 sin
M =
Pl
W
2 tan
yE = l cos
yE = l sin
Spring:
Unstretched length = 2 ( 2 l sin 30 ) = 2 l

x = 2 ( 2l sin ) = 4 l sin
x = 4 l cos
FSP = k ( x 2l )
= k ( 4 l sin 2 l )
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
P yE FSP x = 0
P ( l sin ) k ( 4 l sin 2l )( 4l cos ) = 0
or
P sin 8kl ( 2sin 1) cos = 0
or
P
1 2sin
=
8kl
tan
We have
P = 40 lb, l = 10 in., and k = 1.5 lb/in.
Thus
( 40 lb )
1 2sin
=
8 (1.5 lb/in.)(10 in.)
tan
Solving
= 24.98
or
= 25.0 W
xB =
1
l
2
C =
Cx
xB
l
=
=
cos cos 2cos
Virtual Work:
U = 0:
M Q C = 0
l
M Q
2cos
= 0
or
M =
Ql
2cos
Thus
M =
1 ( 40 lb )(1.8 ft )
= 85.18 lb ft
2
cos 65
or
M = 85.2 lb ft
Assuming
yA
it follows
yC =
120
y A = 1.5 y A
80
yE = yC = 1.5 y A
yD =
yG =
180
yE = 3 (1.5 y A ) = 4.5 y A
60
100
100
yE =
(1.5 y A ) = 2.5 y A
60
60
Then, by Virtual Work
U = 0:
( 300 N ) y A (100 N ) yD + P yG
=0
300 y A 100 ( 4.5 y A ) + P ( 2.5 y A ) = 0

300 450 + 2.5P = 0
P = +60 N
P = 60 N
Apply vertical load P at D.
M H = 0: P (12 m ) + E ( 36 m ) = 0
E=
Fy = 0:
P
3
3
P
FBF
=0
5
3
FBF =
5
P
9
Virtual Work:
We remove member BF and replace it with forces FBF and FBF at pins
F and B, respectively. Denoting the virtual displacements ofuuu
points
B and
r
F as rB and rF , respectively, and noting that P and D have the
same direction, we have
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P D + FBF rF + ( FBF ) rB = 0
P D + FBF rF cos F FBF rB cos B = 0
P D FBF ( rB cos B rF cos F ) = 0

where ( rB cos B rF cos F ) = BF , which is the change in length of
member BF. Thus,
P D FBF BF = 0
5
P D P ( 75 mm ) = 0
9
D = +41.67 mm
D = 41.7 mm
Apply horizontal load P at D.
M H = 0: P ( 9 m ) E y ( 36 m ) = 0
Ey =
Fy = 0:
P
4
3
P
FBF
=0
5
4
FBF =
5
P
12
We remove member BF and replace it with forces FBF and FBF at pins
F and B, respectively. Denoting the virtual displacements ofuuu
points
B and
r
F as rB and rF , respectively, and noting that P and D have the
same direction, we have
Virtual Work:
U = 0: P D + FBF rF + ( FBF ) rB = 0
P D + FBF rF cos F FBF rB cos B = 0
P D FBF ( rB cos B rF cos F ) = 0

where ( rB cos B rF cos F ) = BF , which is the change in length of
member BF. Thus,
P D FBF BF = 0
5
P D P ( 75 mm ) = 0
12
D = 31.25 mm
D = 31.3 mm
Potential Energy
V = 3.5 kg 9.81 m/s 2 sin + 1.75 kg 9.81 m/s2 cos

2
= ( 8.5838 N ) l ( 2sin + cos )

dV
= ( 8.5838 N ) l ( 2cos sin )
d
d 2V
= ( 8.5838 N ) l ( 2sin cos )
d 2
Equilibrium:
or
Thus
dV
= 0: 2cos sin = 0
d
tan = 2
= 63.4
and
116.6
Stability
At = 63.4:
d 2V
= ( 8.5838 N ) l 2sin ( 63.4 ) cos ( 63.4 )
d 2
= ( 8.5838 N ) l ( 1.788 0.448 ) < 0
= 63.4, Unstable
At = 116.6:
d 2V
= ( 8.5838 N ) l 2sin (116.6 ) cos (116.6 )
d 2
= ( 8.5838 N ) l (1.788 + 0.447 ) > 0
= 116.6, Stable
s = l sin + l cos l
Elongation of Spring:
= l ( sin + cos 1)
Potential Energy:
V =
=
1 2
l
ks W sin
2
2
1 2
l
2
kl ( sin + cos 1) mg sin
2
2
dV
1
= kl 2 ( sin + cos 1)( cos sin ) mgl cos
d
2
Equilibrium:
dV
= 0:
d
or
mg
=0
cos ( sin + cos 1)(1 tan )
2kl
Now with
W = mg = (125 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 1226.25 N
( sin
+ cos 1)( cos sin )
l = 320 mm, and k = 15 kN/m,
1226.25 N
cos ( sin + cos 1)(1 tan )
=0
2 (15000 N/m )( 0.32 m )
or
cos ( sin + cos 1)(1 tan ) 0.12773 = 0
mg
cos = 0
2kl
By inspection, one solution is

Solving numerically:
cos = 0
or
= 90.0
= 0.38338 rad = 9.6883 and = 0.59053 rad = 33.8351
Stability
d 2V
1
= kl 2 ( cos sin )( cos sin ) + ( sin + cos 1)( sin cos ) + mgl sin
2
2
d
mg
= kl 2 1 +
sin + cos 2sin 2
2kl
(1226.25 N )
2
sin + cos 2sin 2
= (15000 N/m )( 0.32 m ) 1 +
2 (15000 N/m )( 0.32 m )
= (1536 N m ) [1.12773 sin + cos 2sin 2 ]

Thus
At = 90:
d 2V
= 1732.2 > 0
d 2
= 90.0, Stable
At = 9.6883:
d 2V
= 786.4 > 0
d 2
= 9.69, Stable
At = 33.8351:
d 2V
= 600.6 < 0
d 2
= 33.8, Unstable

Chapter 10, Solution 1

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Chapter 10, Solution 1

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