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a\\mhnjvmcw
kzman kp[n
ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD
Publishing House
Ernakulam-682315
Malayalam Language
ATMOPADESA SATAKAM
(A Philosophical Work of Narayana Guru)
Contemplative Outpouring
SWAMI SUDHI
Published By
ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD ONE-WORLD
Publishing House
Chethikode. P.O
Ernakulam- 682315.
Phone : 9447968014, 0484-2778515, 5502401
email : oneworldcommunion@gmail.com
Cover : Bipin, Perumbavoor
Type :Nitya Chetana
Proof : Sabari, Niranjana, Akshaya
Printed at : Gurudev Off-Set, Ernakulam
Second Edition : July, 2006
Copies : 1000
Rights Reserved
Rs. 90
kzman kp[n
1967 Xriq Pn bnse Ip en bq cn P\n p.
\t sNdp nXs tamtp Bbn cp p.
kv Iqfn ]Tn p tm hoSp hn p t]m hp Ibpw Hcp
kXym t\z jn sb tmse Ae bp Ibpw ]Xn hm bn cp p.
km c n \n S bnepw ]T\w XpSp.
km n I im {k n _ncp Zhpw
BwK te b km ln Xy n _ncp Zm \ c _n cp Zhpw
Ign p. tPW en k n ]n.Pn Untma t\Sn.
Ipd p Imew ]{X {] h I \mbn tPmen sNbvXp.
Atm tgpw Kpcp k hn [ n AW bm \p ff
Xrjv W AZ ay am bn. AXn \m tPmenbpw
Kmln I Xbpw If p.
Kpcp \nXy ssN X \y b Xn bpsS injyXzw kzoI cn p.
Kpcp hns \nt i {] Imcw 1993
\mcm b W Kp cp Ip e n tNp.
Dun bnse \mcm b W Kp cp Ip e n
Kpcp \nXybpsS kao ] hn bmbn
Kpcp tkh sNbv Xp Pohn p hm \p ff
`mKyhpw \ntbm Khpw Dm bn.
apJpdnv
Rms\mcp IY hmbnnpv. bphXzntev Imeqn\np
tmgmWv AXv hmbnm\nSbmbXv. B IY hmbntm Rm\msI
Akz\mbn. hon\npw Cdn\Sp. ImcWw B IY shdp
samcp IY am{Xambncpn; AcmfpsS Hcp Iehd Xs
bmbncpp. FtmSpXsbpff HcpXcw tNmZywsNembncpp AXv.
B IY Rm \ntfmSp ]dbpIbmWv. Hcp]t, \nfn ]mIw
h Hcp a\psn Cu IY \nsf tNmZyw sNpw. C{Xbpw
\mfpw \n [cnncp s]mbvapJ ]nnonfbpw. \n
fpsS Bmhns imeo\kuayXbn Hcpthf Nnehgnm\mbn
Dw XpSnpt]mIpw. C\n IY ]dbs........
Hcn Hcp knwl pv hpP\nbv m\n S h Xv Hcp
Bn]n\nSbnembncpp. Xknwlw Cc]nSnm\mbn Hcp
Ipn\npw FSppNmSnbtm \nephogpIbpw AhnsSIn
Sp {]khnbvpIbpambncpp. Ipns\ {]khn DSs\ X
knwlw acnp. B knwlpns IpI Xpdnpt]mepw
Dmbncpn. A{Xbpw sNdnb knwlpmbncpp. Bnq
nse XbmSpIfpsS ape IpSnv B knwlpv hfp hep
Xmbn. BSpI B knwls Xsftmse IcpXn. BSpI Ic
bpXpt]mse knwlhpw Icbpw. BSpI ]pp XnpXpt]mse
B knwlhpw ]ppXnpw. Ah Hcpanp Ifnp cknpw. knwl
ns BImcspdnv BSpItm, BSpIfpsS BImct`Zs
pdnp knwlnt\m Hcp kwibhpw Dmbncpn. As\ Ime
Hcp]mSp Ignpt]mbn.
Hcn Hcp hr\mb knwlw Bn]fpsS ASppIqsS
IS p t]m Im CS bm bn. Atm Bnq n \n S bn Hcp
knwlw IfnpcknpXpIv hr\mb knwlw ApXw Iqdn.
B knwls Atm ApXsSpnbXv, Bnqnse
knwlw BSns\tmse IcbpXmWv. AXp ]pv NhpXnpIbpw
sNpp. hr\mb knwls Itm ap BSpI t]Sntm
Sm XpSn. Atm Bn]nse knwlhpw `bphndp
HmSm XpSn. CXp Itm hr\mb knwln\p ebpw
tcmjhpw Hcpanp hp. Xs Ipen\pXs am\lm\n hcpn
hbvpXmWtm Cu {]hrn Fp B knwlw Hmp. hr
\mb B knwlw BnIqns IqsS HmSntmIp knwls
nSnv _eambn Hcp XSmIcbntep sImpt]mbn. t]Snp hnd
]q IpItfmsS, Xs shdptX hnSWsap ]dv B ]mhw
knwlw tIWpIcp. Fm hr\mb knwlw, Xs hn\p
hptN A]am\Icamb A[x]X\s amnsbSpWsa
\nbtmSpIqSn XSmIcbnse kzamb Pen\cnIn BSpI
fpambn am\knIXmZmyw ]q knwls sImpt]mbn \ndpn.
Fnp KnpsImp ]dp: FSm hnUvVn! \o Fs apJ
tsmp t\mq; Fnv B XSmInse Pen \ns {]Xn
mb Hp ImWq.
XSmInse Pen sXfn apJw Itm s]sm
bncpp ]qnIamb Xs kzXzns \nbw Hcp shfn]mSp
t]mse B knwln P\nXv. Bn]neIs knwlns
Dn\npw Atm Hcp K\w AWs]mn. B K\w ZnK
sf apgp Hmbncpp. AXp hopw hopw Knp.
B knwlw Xs kzcq]s Xncndnp. AXns ]qnIamb
kv ac W I DWp h p. hr \mb knwlw CsXmw Ip
\npIbmbncpp. hr\mb knwlns ImcpWyn\p sImp
knwlw \n ]dp: Anmbncppshn Fs apgph Pohn
Xhpw B Bn]nsIqsS ]ppXnp XpepIftbnhcpam
bncptt\. As\np ]pXnsbmcp PohnXw Xncnpp. hr
\mb knwlw sNdnb knwls ap knwlfpsS ASptp
sImpt]mbn.
\psS PohnXhpw CtXt]msebmWv. \mw \psS Bkz
Xzs adpt]mbncnpIbmWv. ]e ]e XmZmyfm Bn]
neIs Hcp knwlpns\tmsebmWv \mw hfcpXv.
IpSpw_ambn Pohnpt]mcp \mw ]eXcnep kmaqlnIhpw
cmjv{Sobhpw aX]chpamb _fmepw _\fmepw kzX
knamb \psS kzcq]w adpt]mbncnpp. B kzcq]ns
alnamXnibw a\nemmsX sImpsImp XpcppIfn kzm
amb PohnXw \bnphcmWv \mw Gsdt]cpw.
Iptdmew As\ Pohntnh Cubp h\v Bmhns
\ncXnibZWn Fs apJw ImWnpX almImcpWnI\mWv
Kpcp \nXyssNX\ybXn. B KpcphneqsSbmWv Rm Fs kzXz
ns C\nabpff {]Xew BZyambn \pWXv . Cu ]pkv XIw Fgp
Xptm Fmhpw AhcpsS kzXzs Xncndnbm\pff ImSn
bmbncnWw CXnse Hmtcm hmpw Fp Rm {]m\m]qw
A`nejnpIbmWv .
\nd lrZbtmsS
kzman kp[n
Fpw hmbnpXn\p apv
Btm]tZiiXIw Hcp imkv{XamWv. Cu imkv{Xw B[p
\nIimkv{Xw t]msebp Hcp imkv{Xa. B\p`qXnIm\ap
Hcp EjnbpsS lrmcn hnf AssZzXaIcwIqSnbmWnXv.
Atm CXns\mcp ka{KXbpv. ka{Ksap ]dbm ImcWw,
CXns ]cn[nbn hcm HpwXsbn FpffXpsImmWv.
KW\bns]SpXpw KW\bn\np IhnXpw Dsmm
t]mcp A\hnimeXbmWv Btm]tZiiXIns\ ka{K
ampXv. ]qmI ]dp\SpXpIv IuXpIaqdp Hcp
sImpIpns t_m[Xehpw, \nhmWns [ym\hnlmbn
A\p`qXn \pWpsImncnp Hcp tbmKnbpsS t_m[Xehpw
Cu imkv{Xn Htct]mse CSw Isppv. hymk\pw \yq
\pw, sslk_Kpw IWmZ\pw, {InkvXphpw \_nbpw, _p\pw
Fmw Btm]tZikmKcnse tXtPmXcwKfmWv.
am{Xa, Cu imkv{Xn\p hyamsbmcp eyhpw {]Xn]mZ
\coXnbpapv. CXn AhXcnnp hnjbw \app ]cnNbanm
X. B hnjbw \mw XsbmWv. tkm{Iokpw D]\njnse
Ejnbpw Dunbqnd {]tabw: \o \nsXs AdnbpI. B
Adnhv \ns kzX{\mpw. As\ Rm Fs {]tabamn
At\zjWw Bcw`nptm AXn {]]s kw_npw
Cuizcs\ kw_npw D ]T\ kzm`mhnIambn A`hn
pp. aqp tNmZyfmWv BXynIambn Hcp Pnmkp tNmZn
pXv.
1 Cu temIw FhnsS\npmbn?
2 Rm BcmWv?
3 Fn\p PohnWw?
Cu aqp tNmZypw Dcw \Im Hmtcmn\pw Hmtcm
imkv{Xw cq]oIrXambnpv. Hv kmimkv{Xw (ontology). cv
m\imkv{Xw (epistemology). aqv aqeyimkv{Xw (axiology).
Cu aqp imkv{Xfnepw s]SmsX Hcp imkv{Xn\pw \nebpdn
m Ignbn. Fm KpcphmIs, Cu aqp imkv {Xtbpw {_
hnZy (The Science of the Absolute) F Hcp kqka\zb
X{ns ]cnKWbn sImphnmWv Fm Zmi\nIkaky
Itfbpw ]cnlcnpXv.
Cu imkv { Xs imkv t{ Xm Nn X ambn ]d p X cp
imkv{X {io\mcmbWKpcphmWv. Kpcp BmarXw \pI
Hcp Ejnhcy\mWv. ]ca]pcpjmamb apnsb kqcyXpeyw B
[mcbmn amnb alma\ojnbpamWv. kzbwap\mb Kpcp am\p
jyIs apgph\pw apnbntep \bnm\mWv Btm]tZii
XIw cNnXv. Atm apnbmWv Cu imkv{Xw ]TnpXns
{]tbmP\w. Fn \np apnbmWv? Am\n\np
apn. Am\wsImmWv PohnXw _\wt]mse tXmpXpw
\mw ZpxJnpXpsamw. _\w tXmpXpsImmWv Hcm
imkv{Xw ]TnpXv. AXpsImv Btm]tZiiXIw Hcp tam
imkv{XamWv. Fn\np tamN\w? _\n\np tamN
\w. ZpxJn \np tamN\w. {]m]nIXbn\np tamN
\w.
\mw Cu temIn PohnptmXs C{nbfneqtSbpw
a\neqtSbpw hnjbsf A\p`hnpsImncnppv . As\
C{nbsmpw a\psImpw _sSp hnjb \s
_npp. Cjv Scq]nepw A\njv Scq]nepw DZmko\cq]nepw
\s kzm[o\npp. temIn PohnptXmsSmwXs \mw
Cu temIns `mKamWv . Fm \psS apnep \macq]m
Iambncnp temIs \mw AdnbpXv \n\npw A\yambncn
p Hcp hkv Xpt]msebmWv . AXpsImv \mw Cu temIs A\p
`hnpXv , mXmhmbpw Imhmbpw t`mmhmbpw Hsbm
Wv . \n\npw A\yambncnp temIs hopw hopw `pPn
phm hy{KXspsImncnp HmWv Poh. Poh Fpw
]q X bv p th n bmWv {ianpXv . Poh PKns\bmWv
AXns Xrjv Wsb HSpphm\mbn `pPnpsImncnpXv . As\
Poh PKns\ XrjvWm\nhrnmbn `pPnptm hopw
hopw _\ntep t]mhpp. Fm Iptd Ignbptm Cu
PohXs PKn\np apn B{KlnpIbpw sNpp.
Atm B apnv tlXphmbnmWv Cuizc hcpXv.
Cuizc kzX{\mWv. PKnsbpw Pohsbpw {kjvSmhm
Wv . kwlmhpw Cuiz cXs. krjv Sn Imhpw
kwlmhpw Bbncnp Cuizc {]]w F eoesb (play)
Poh\neqsS AhXcnnpIbmWv sNpXv. {]]w F \macq
]mIambncnp Hcp eoesb Poh Fp ]dbp {]mXn`mkn
IXbneqsS AhXcnnpXmWv BsI PKns s]mXphmbnp
BhnjvImcX{w.
Poh _\\mbncnptm B Pohs\ apnbntev
B\bnp Hcp {]Xn]mZ\X{ambncnWw imkv{Xn Dm
bncntXv. imkv{Xn\v Ahew_nmhp coXohn[m\w (meth-
odology) Pohs\ BtmpJamnsbSppI am{XamWv; As
n Cuiz tcm p J amn op IbmWv . GsXm c dn hp sIm
mtWm \apv Cu PKv _\w FXpt]mse tXmnXv
B AdnhmWv hnthI_pn. _ImcWamb PKns\ \ncmIcn
tXv Pohs tamknnv Ahiywth Hcp {]{InbbmWv.
AXn\pth hensbmcp Adnhns\ Kpcp ]dpXcpp.
Fsmw ImcyfmWv Kpcp Btm]tZiiXIn ]dbpXv ?
HmaXmbn \mw At\zjndnp Ist Hpv . AXns\ Icp
FmWv ]dbpXv . Icp {]m]nIkbmWv . Fp ]dm, Cu
{]]n\v ImcWambncnpXv GtXm AXmWv Icp. Icp ImcW
amWv . ]caamb ImcWw. ]caImcWambncnpXv kbmWv . \mw ]c
aImcWambncnp k \n Isptm AXns\ B
k Fp ]dbpw. ]caImcWambncnp Hns\ Cu {]m]nIX
bpsS ASnm\ambndnbptm AXns\ {_k Fp ]dbpw.
Atm BZytaXs kbmbncnp Hcp kXys FSppIm
Wnpp. AXns\ Icp Fp hnfnpp.
Cu Icphns kz`mhw Fs\bmWv? AXv Adnhnepw Gdnb
AdnhmWv. km[mcW Adnhn\npw AXoXambncnp Hcdnhm
Wv. Cu Adnhnepw Gdnb AdnhmWv \mw Icphns\ Adnbptm
DmIpXv. At\zjWneqsS hnIknnsSpt HcpXcw
Am\neqsSbmWv (intuition) CXp km[nXamIpXv .
Atm Icp C{nbhnjba. C{nbhnjbambncnpsXms
km[mcW AdnhmWv .
Ip sIm pIm Wp Hcp Zrirw km[m cW Adn hm Wv .
ImXpsImv tIp Hcp i_vZw km[mcW AdnhmWv. aqp
sImv aW p Hcp aWw km[m cW Adn hm Wv . \mp sImv
cpNn p Hcp cpNn km[m cW Adn hm Wv . Xzp sImv kv ]in
dn bp Hcp kv ]iw km[m cW Adn hm Wv . C\n Cu C{n bm
\p ` fpsS ASn m \ n Nnn dn bp Xpw km[m cW Adn
hp X s bm Wv . km[m cW AdnhpI fn sems tZi Im e ] cn an X
am bn p Hcp am\w Dm bn cnpw. GsXnepw Hcp tZi p h
pam {Xta C{n b n\p Hc dn hns\ kzoI cn m Ign bp I bp q.
AXp t]m se Xs AXn s\mcp Ime ] cn n ]v Xnbpw Dm bn cn
Ww. AXpsImv C{nbneqsS Adnbp AdnhpIsfms ]cn
ta b fmWv .
IcphmIs A]cntabamWv. Afm\mhmXmWv. Afm\m
hmXpsImpXs AXv C{nbZzmcm AdnbmhpXpa. A]cn
ta b amb Hns\ Nn Ipw Dsm m \m hp I bn . AXp
sImmWv AXns\ Adnhneptadnb Adnshp ]dbpXv. Cu Adn
hneptadnb Adnhmbncnp Icphns\ Fs\bmWv \mw Adntb
Xv? HtckabwXs Cu Icp Adnbphs AIpw AtX
t]mseXs ]pdpamWv CcnpXv. As\bmWv kqvacq]
n AIncnpIbpw qecq]n ]pdncnpIbpw sNp
Xv. kqvacq]n {]hnpXmWv a\v. qecq]n
{]hnpXmWv ]`qXmIambncnp Cu {]]w.
Atm Htc Icp hn \p Xs cp Xc n {]Xn `m kn p
hm Ign bp sX s\ bmWv ? AXn emWv Poh Fpw hymtam
lnX\mbnocpXv . Hcp Icp qeambpw kqv aambpw Pohs\
hw Npn p sIm n cn p p. As\ hcp tm \ fpsS
PohnXnn sXp ]m\nShcpp. GIamb Icphns\ AdnbmsX,
Icp hns Zznap J sf bmWv \mw Adn bp Xv . Icp hn kw` hn p
sIm n cn p qehpw kqv a hp am bn cn p, AIhpw ]pd
hpambncnp cp hisf am{XamWv PohnXm\p`hfn\nv
\apv Adn bp hm Ign bp p q. AXp sImv Icp hns\ Adn b
Ww Fp Ddnp ]dbpp. Icphns\ HtckabwXs AIpw
]pdpancnp kbmbndnbWw. AXp Adnhneptadnb Adn
hm Wv . Icp Hcp hnj b a . Icp hnj bm Xo X t_m[am Wv . CXmWv
Btm]tZiiXIns {]tabambnv hcpXv. km[mcW Adn
hn\npw AXo X am bn cn p Hc dn hns\ a\p jy At\z jn p
hm XpS p tm B hyn kXym t\z jn bm bn o cp p. B
hyn Pnm kp hm bn o cp p.
A s\ sbmcp kXym t\zjn imkv {Xw hfsc ka {K ambn ]Tn
t Xmbnp v . IpI Apw DSWw. IpI Fp
]dm C{nb. Zriy am{Xw ImWp Ins\b
ChnsS hnhnpXv. An{nbtfbpw IqSnbmWv IpI
Fp Kpcp \maIcWw sNbvXncnpXv. DSsWp ]dbp
hm ImcWw AsXtmgpw ]pdwtemImWv tapsImncn
pXv. AXpsImv ]pdwtemIn\npw DSWw. shdptX
_ew {]tbmKnv \nb{npI F. BZyw AXn\pthnbmWv
Icphns nXnhntijspdnv ]dpXXv. C{nbfn
hym]cnpsImncnp Pothms Icphntep XncnWw.
XmXv]cysf apgph BKX{]nbamWw.
a\pjys AlbmWv m\n\p XSw \npXv . AXp
sImv Ffna thWw. sXcpsXsc hoWphWWw. sXcpsXsc
Fp hmv ss\ccytmSpIqSn F AnemWv Kpcp
{]tbmKnncnpXv. a\pjy FhnsSbmWv hotgXv? a\pjy
hotgXv Adnhns apnemWv. ]caamb Adnhns apn \akvI
cnWw. hWpI Fp ]dm Al \nmnXamb Ah
bn hnpI. vAXn\ptijwthWw Cu {Kw \fpsS a\
\n\pw hnNmcn\pambn FSpphm.
Btm]tZiiXIw
1
AdnhneptadnbdnnSph X
pcphnepsamp ]pdpapzenpw
Icphn\p IpIfpapSn
scpsXsc hoWphWntbmXntSWw.
AdnnSph X Adnbphs
Dcphnepw AIpw
Hp ]pdpw Xpeyambn ]pdpw
Adnhnepw Gdn Ipw Nnnpw apw Adnbmhp
AdnhpIXoXambn
Dzenpw Icphn\v {]Iminp Bksb
AdnbpXn\mbn
IpI Apw Ap mt\{nbtfbpw
DSn Bm`napJamn
sXcpsXsc [mcapdnbm coXnbn
hoWphWn Kpcphn kanX\mbn
HmXntSWw kzm[ymbw sNWw.
]mmXyXzNnbn ttmbpw Acntmnepw kamc
ambn Hgp In sm n cn p cp \Zn I sf tm se bm Wv . Ch
Xnep _w KpcphntXpw injytXpamWv. Fmepw Zmi
\nIamb Hcp ]nWw ChnSbnepv. Ncn{XneqsS Ch Hgp
InsbmgpIn cp hmZsf kpjvSamn. ttmbpsS NnIfmWv
BibhmZntev (idealism) hgnamdnbXv. Acntmnens Xz
Nn `uXnIhmZs (materialism) IcpnSnnp. Cu cp hmZ
fpw ]ckv]cw kwL\nhsc Gsnpv. Ctmgpw Gs
Sppv.
]mmXyNnbnse AXnImbmscp hntijnnmhp tUm.
tPmkWpw _njv s_nenbpw Hcn {]`mXkhmcnbn
Ipapn. s_nenbmIs ISp BibhmZnbmWv. temIw Hcp
BibamsWmWv s_nenbpsS hmZw. tUm. tPmk `uXn
IhmZnbpw. ImWsSp temIn\pdv Hcp kXyhpw C F
hmZamWv `uXnIhmZw. Ah kwkmcnp htm AsXmcp X
ambn ]cnWanp. Xw aqtm tUm. tPmk hensbmcp
IsSpv s_nenbpsS Imen t\mn Htcdp sImSpp. Imep
NXv tNmcsbmenm XpSn. s_nen hmhnp \nehnfnp.
Atmgpw tIm]w ASmsX tUm. tPmk tNmZnp: Cu Ipw
tNmcbpw BibamtWm? s_nen IcpsImpXs ]dp:
Ipw tNmcbpw BibamWv . ]ns \n Fn\mWv IcbpXv ?
tUm. tPmk tNmZnp. AXpw BibamWv, s_nen ]d
p.
C s\ bmWv idealismhpw materialismhpw Hcn epw
tNcmsX iWvTIqSnsImncnpXv. B[p\nIimkv{Xamb phys-
ics `uXnIhmZns kXnbmWv. Fm CnhnsS Iph
cp metaphysics BIs BibhmZn\npw P\nXmWv.
Chbvp cn\pw Hnncnm Ignbp HcnSw \ScmPKpcphmWv
hfsc hyXtbmSpIqSn imkvt{XmNnXambn ]dpXnpffXv.
AXn\p klm b I amb Zmi \n I ]n_ew \mcm b W Kp cphns
Btm]tZiiXIn\npw Zi\amebn\npamWv \ScmP
Kpcphn\p InnbXv. KpcptZhs Btm]tZiiXIn Bib
hmZhpw `uXnIhmZhpw ]nWfnm Hcp `qanIbn kwKan
pXv Hmtcm tmIneqtSbpw ISpt]mIptm \app ImWm
\mIpw.
Icp BkbmWv. Bk Fm \psS icnbmb
D Ft Aapq. B Bkbmb Icphns\bmWv Adn
tbXv. Icphns\ AdnbmsX Cu temIn Ipw tIpw sXmpw
\pWpw aWpw Nnnpw Adnbmhp Fmw hysat
]dbms\mq. Fsm IcphmWv Fm AdnhpIpw ImcW
am bn cn p Xv ; Fm Adn hp Ipw A hp am bn cn p Xv .
ImcWw GIamWv. Imcy At\IamWv. GsXmn\nmtWm
temIw PmXamIpXv B HmWv ImcWw FXpsImv hnhn
pXv. Atm ImcWambncnp Icphns\ Adnm Fmw
Adn A\p`hambn. AsXmcp ]qm \p ` h am Wv . Ima \ I
Hgn ]qX. kzbw kwXr]vXnbmWv ]qm\p`hns sXfn
a. B Icp Htckabw Adnbphs AIpw ]pdpw nXnsN
pp. AIv AcWambpw ]pdv Fa hkvXpfmbpw
{]Iminpp. thsdmdn ]dm kqvaw AIpw
qew ]qdpw.
As\bp Icphns\ B\p`qXnIambn A\p`hndnbm BZy
ambn C{nbfnse A`nca\s DhenWw. B A`nca\s
Icphns Znibntep XncnphnSWw. hnjbm`napJambn {]hnn
cp Adnhv Atm Bm`napJambnocpw. CXmWv DSpI
F {]{Inb. CXv Hcp {]mhiyw sNbv Xm t]mcm. \nccambn sN
Ww. KpcphmWv Adnhns \ntIX\w. BkmmXv Imcn\mbn
Kpcphn {ibpdn Hcp a\v At\zjI\n A\nhmcyamWv . Kpcp
hns ]mZmnIn hoWphWWsan Al t]mIWw. Ffn
abpsS hgw hcWw. BkmbpPyn\p A`nemjhpw thWw.
As\sbmcp At\zjWnIthmsS \apn\n kzm[ymbn\p
XpSw Ipdnmw.
2
IcWhpan{nbhpw Itf_cw sXm
dnbpat\IPKptamnsemw
]cshfnXnepb `m\pam X
XncphpcphmWp Xncp tXdntSWw.
IcWhpw AcWfpw
C{nbhpw C{nbfpw
Itf_cw icochpw
sXmdnbpw C{nbp hnjbambncnp
At\I PKpw \nch[nbmb \macq]fpw
Hmn a\\hnt[bampIbmsWn,
Fmw Fmw
]cshfnXn Db ]caamb NnZmImin
DZnp\np
`m\pamX Bkqcys
XncphpcphmWv ssNX\ycq]amWv.
XncptXdntSWw Cmcyw At\zjndnbWw.
{]]w ]`qXmIamWv. B {]]amIs, FnbmsemSp
m \macq]fmWv. \macq]sf mt\{nbfneqsSbmWv
\mw AdnbpXv . Iv , aqv , \mv , Xzv , sNhn FnhbmWv mt\
{nb. Iv ImWpp. In\v hnjbambncnpXv cq]amWv.
cq]w ]`qXfnsemmb AnbpsS KpWamWv. aqpsImv aW
pp. aWw ]rYznbpsS KpWamWv. \mhpsImv ckw Adnbpp.
ckw Pens KpWamWv . Xzv kv ]it\{nbamWv . kv ]iw hmbp
hns KpWamWv. sNhnbneqsSbmWv tIpXv. tIhn BImi
ns KpWamWv. ]`qXfpw Cnbfpw Xnep Cu ]c
kv]c_Xbn\nmWv {]]w cq]sXpXs. {]ItjW
]oIrXambXv {]]w. ]oIcWw Fm Ap `qXfpw
tNtc]Sn tNcpXmWv. C{nbv X\nsb Fmw Adnbm
IgnbpIbn. AcWfpsS klmbw BhiyamWv. a\v,
Nnw, _pn, Almcw FnhbmWv AxIcW. a\ns
kz`mhw kwibw DbnpIbmWv. Fv? FhnsS? Ftm? Bcv?
Fs\? Fn\v? Fo tNmZysfmw a\ns krjvSnbmWv.
tNmZyns Dcw ]qhm\p`hn\npw IsWw. ]qhm
\p`hfpsS tiJcamWv Nnw. kvarXncq]nepw hnkvarXn cq]
nepamWv Nnw {]hnpXv. Nnn sXfn Dcw
icntb sXtm Fp \nbnpXv _pnbmWv. _pnsb AXp
sImv \nbmnIm Fp ]dbpp. Almcw A`nam\nbmWv.
_pn \nbn Hns\ X\nbvp thWtam thtbm F {]nbm
{]nb cq]nep {]XnIcWamWv AlmcntXv.
Cs\ IctW{nbItf_cmZnIfm \mw A\p`hnpt]mcp
Cu PKns clkyw Adnbphm\mbn ]pXnsbmcp hnNmccoXnsb
Ahew_ntnbncnpp. AXv AapJamb a\\amWv . As\
a\\w sNptm \mw Xsbmbncnp Bkqcy Adnhns
AXnhniZmImin DZnpbp\np Hc\p`hkmmXv Imcw
kw`hnpp. B Htcsbmcp Bkqcys _lphn[amb kv ^pc
WfmWv FnbmsemSpm \macq]mIamb Cu {]]w.
tXdpI Fm Bkbpw Rm\pw At`ZamsWdnbp A\p
`hamWv .
3
shfnbnencpp hnhanp ImWpw
shfnapXemb hn`qXnbptamm
Pe\n[nXnepbnSpw XcwKm
henbXpt]msebt`Zambv htcWw.
shfnbnencpv shfnbnencnpXpt]mse
hnhw Cp ImWpw hnhcq]n \mw ImWp
shfnapXemb BImiw apXemb
hn`qXnbpw Ap `qXsfbpw
Hmm a\\hnt[bamnbm
Pe\n[nXn ISen
DbnSpw Dmbn adbp
XcwKmhen XncIfpsS \nc
AXpt]mse FXpt]mse
At`Zambv htcWw At`Zambn hcWw.
{]]w ]`qXmIamWv. BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew,
]rYnhn FnhbmWv ]`qX. ]`qXsImmWv {]]
nepff Ipw ]ppw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p jy\psa mw
D m bn p f f Xv . Fp ]d m, ChnsS hntijcq]n hn
p Asn hnhn[cq]n ImWsSp Fmn\pw BZna
amb Hcp GIkbpv; Hcp aqeImcWapv. s]sp t\mp
tm Cu aqeImcWs \app ImWm IgnbpIbn. ISen
XncI apdapdbmbn DbsmSpnsImncnpXp ImWptm
ISen\npw XncI thsdbmsWpff {]XoXnbmWv \fn
DfhmIpXv. Fm XncameIpw ImcWambncnpXv ISemWv.
ISenemWv XncameIfpsS At`ZyX AdntbXv. AXpt]mse shfn
bnencnp Fm hnjbpw ImcWambncnp Hcp ]csh
fnbpv. B ]cshfnbn Asn NnZmImin Fmnt\bpw
t`ZadnbWw. As\ Adnbptm m\w B\p`qXnIambn
amdpw.
4
AdnhpadnnSpahpw ]pamX
dnhpsamcmZnalpam{XamIpw
hncfXhnp hnfpalm
adnhneaXp am{XambntSWw.
Adnhpw AdnbpI F {]{Inbbpw
AdnnSpw Ahpw Adnbp hnjbhpw
]pamX Adnhpw Adnbph F t_m[hpw
Hcp BZnalv Htcsbmcp BZnaamb tPymXnv
am{XamIpw am{XamWv.
hncfX hnp AIw ]pdfnmsX
hnfpw Pzenp\np
Almw B almb
Adnhn Aav Bkbn hnebnv
AXpam{XambntSWw AXpam{XambnocWw.
C{nbfneqsS Ipw tIpw aWpw cpNnpw sXmpw Hs
Adnbmw. AcWneqsS Nnnpw Adnbmw. Fm Adnhnepw
Adnbm\mbn Hcp hnjbapv. hnjbsbmWn
hnsS AdnnSpaw Fp ]dbpXv. ImWpI, tIpI, Nnn
pI Fnhsbmw Adnsh {]{InbbpsS hnhn[amb kwthZ\
fmWv. GXp hnjbs Adnbptmgpw Rm Adnbph F
mXrXzw \nsems ImWppv. Cs\, AdnbphAdn
bpIAdnbsSp hnjbw Chsb aqnt\bpw tNmWv thZm
nI {Xn]pSn Fp hnfnpXv. Am\nencnp Poh\v
icocXmZmyw DmIptmgmWv Cs\bpff {Xn]pSot`Ztm
sSbp AdnhpmIpXv. Fm mt\mZbn Htcsbmcp
BZnam\ns aqp ]ncnhpI am{XamWv CsXv \app
t_m[yamIpw. BZnalmIs FmbnSpw \ndphnekp
BkXsbmWv. khym]IXbmWv B BkbpsS
kz`mhw. AsXtmgpw hnfnsmncnpw. almbncnp Cu
BZnam\n Aenv, AXpam{XambnocpXmWv Pohn
Xns ]caamb B\w.
5
DeIcpdnbpWp Nn sNpw
]eXpansXmsbpapp ]mp \npw
hneaXnbmX hnfpZnbpw ]n
s]menIbpannXp Ip t]mbntSWw.
DeI km[mcW P\
Ddn DdpIbpw
DWv DWcpIbpw
NnsNpw ]eXpw ]e]e NnIfpw sNpp.
CsXmsbpw a\pjy\nse Cu hyhlmcsf
Dp]mp\npw Dpt\mnsmncnp
hneaXnbmX hnfv Aaqeyamb BZo]amIs
DZnbpw DZnpIbpw
]ns]menIbpw C ]ns AWbpIbpw sNpn.
CXpIp t]mbntSWw Cu BZo]s IpPohoWw.
km[mcW a\pjycpsS PohnXw Innt? Ddw, DW Fo
cp {[phnSbn AhcpsS PohnXw ]e]ehym]mcfneqsS
DubemSn IfnpIbmWv . F{Xsb{X NnIfmWv AhpffXv ? F{X
sb{X kz]v\? BmZneqsSbpw bmX\bneqsSbpw Ah
ISpt]mIpp. Chsbms CashmsX IpsImncnp Hcp
Iv FmhcpsSbpw Dns Dffnepv . \ScmPKpcphn\v Cu Iv
dialectical eye Bbncpp. inh`\amv CXv inhs aqmwI
mWv. Zmi\nImv CXv DmWv. ]t, As\sbmcp
Iv Fmnt\bpw IpsImncnpXmbn ]ecpw Adnbmdn.
Aaqeyamb Hcp hnfnt\mSmWv Cu Ins\ Kpcp D]anncn
pXv. B hnfv A\mZnbmb Hcp Zo]amWv. Fspw In
smncnpXmWv. GsXnepw Hcp Imev Hcm Inph
X. InphXmsWn C\w Xom AXp sIpt]mIp
sapdmWv. Fm CXv sIpt]mhpIbn. a\pjys \ncI
amb PohnXs kmIamnom Kpcp ]dbpp : Cu
hnfns\ Ipt]mbntSWw. CXns Aw \o \nss
Adnv PohnWw FmWv. \o XsbmWv Cu temIns
hnfmbncnpXv FdnbWw. CXv m\marXamWv.
6
DWcWannbpdWw `pPno
SWai\w ]pWtcWsanhw
AWbpat\IhnIev]amIbmem
cpWcphXpsmcp \nhnImccq]w?
DWcWw DWcWw
C\n DdWw ]ns DdWw
`pPnoSWw Ai\w `Ww IgnWw
]pWtcWw CWtNcWw
Fnhw Ccnep
At\IhnIev]w ]eXcn a\ns\ Nenn
psImncnp XmXv]cy
AWbpw \s henngpw.
BIbm CmcWm
Hcp \nhnImccq]w amanm BkXys
Bcv DWcphXpXv? Bcpw ]qambn DWdnbp
ntm?
km[mcW a\pjys XmXv]cy W{]`mNefm
Wv . Aev ] t\cw am{Xw \ne \nv sIp t]m Ip h bm Wv . Dd
n\npw DWsWo p Ah Cjv S ap ff t`mPy
Isn hmcnhenp Xnp p. Ipdp Ign bp tm Ah\p
CWsb hmcnpWcWsap tXmpw. oWnptm InSpd
pw. Cs\ amdnamdnhcp XmXv]cysfbmWv hnIev]
Fp ]dbpXv. Hcp Znhks PohnXn\nSbnXs \psS
a\v Htsd {`mamb B{Klp ]nmse ]mpt]mIp
Xp \mw ImWmdpv. Fn\mWns\ a\v ]mpsImncnp
Xv?
Bcpw AXns\pdnv Nnnmdn. Cu Xncn\nSbn PohnX
ns bYm eyw adpt]mIpp. \nhnImcamb kzmk
sb \mw adpt]mIpp. temIhnjbfntev DWncnp
XpsImv Bkzcq]ntev DWcphm Ignbpn. temI
hnjbfn DdpIbpw Bkbn DWcpIbpw thWw. Kpcp
hns Cu D]tZiw tIptmsgnepw \psS Dn B DW
DmIWw. BcpwXs FpsImmWv Cu Bksb Adn
bmXncnpXv F Hcp ]cntZh\kzcw Cu tmIn [z\np
pv. AXpsImv Bmhns\ Adnbphmthn PohnXs \mw
hn\ntbmKnWw. AXmWv Kpcp \app Xcp D]tZiw.....Btm
]tZiw.
7
DWccpXnnbpdnSmXncpo
SWadnhmbnXn\ntbmKys\m
{]WhapWp ]ndsmgnp hmgpw
ap\nP\tkhbn aqn \nntSWw.
DWccpXv C\n hnjbfntev C\n DWccpXv.
DdnSmsX CcpoSWw Bt_m[n\npw hyXnN
enpt]mImsX CcnWw.
Adnhmbv Rm AdnhmsWv AdnbWw.
CXn\v Cv B\njvT\mbncnpXn\v
AtbmKy Fm tbmKy\sp hcnIbmsWn
{]Whw DWv Bt_m[w DnepWv
]ndsmgnv hmgpw P\\acWfpsS Nm{InIX
bn\npw ap\mbncnp
ap\nP\tkhbn Hcp Kpcphns\ tkhnpXnepw
{]kmZnnpXnepw
aqn \nntSWw apgph {itbbpw GtIm]n
np \ndpWw.
ASp hon FhnsSsbnepw ]elmc NpsSpp
aWw aqneSnm AdnbmsX a\p ]dbpw: Hcp akmetZmi
Xnm Innbncpsn! hmbn shffw hp\ndbpw. F{X s]s
mWv \ {]tem`\v hiwhZcmIpXv? Nqens sImfp
n ancsb sImcpnv ao]nSnmc ays {]tem`n
npXpt]msebmWv {]IrXn \psS apntev hnjbsf Fdn
np XcpXv. hnjbsfb \mw BXynIambn AdntbXv;
\ssbmWv. AXn\mWv Kpcp DundbpXv: DWccpXn\n
Fv . CXn \w InS p d Ww F . AtX t]m se Xs
thsdmcp sXv kw`hnpXv, BnX\mb \mw Amcyw ad
pt]mIpw. Xm BmhmsW Imcyw adm AsXmcp Ddam
Wv. AXpsImv DdmsX Adnhmbn CcnWw. \mcmbWKpcphns\
kw_nnStmfw Adnhpw Bmhpw HpXsbmWv. Fm
hpw Cs\ B\njvT Innsbp hcn. hopw hopw
Hmtcmtcm temIImcyfntev a\p hgpXntmIpw.
CsXmcp AtbmKyXbmWv. Cu AtbmKyXsb XncndnbWw.
Fmte t]mwhgnbpffq. kzbta kz\mIm ]pnsn Hcp
Kpcphns\ kao]nWw. B KpcphmIs Acmmhn \mZm\p
`qXn DpsImncnp almmhmWv. Kpcphns cp eW
ChnsS FSpp ]dbppv. {]WhapWh Fpw ]nd
smgnh Fpw. Cs\bpff Hcp Kpcphns\s Is
Ww. Fnv B Kpcphns\ tkhnv apgph {ibpw hnizmkhpw
Kpcphn Anv PohnWw. Iptd\m Ignbptm \nse
Zphmk \ I sfmw bn pw. kZv hmk \ I ]pjv Sn{]m]n pw.
shfnns kmnyn Ccpn\v m\antm?
8
Hfn apXemw ]gapapp \mdpw
\fnIbntedn \tb\ amdnbmSpw
InfnIsfbpacnp Iogvadnpw
shfnhpcpthnbIw hnfntSWw.
Hfn apXemw Ins hnjbamb cq]w XpSnb
]gw Apw hnjbfmIp Ap ]gfpw
Dv `pPnv Asn A\p`hnv
\mdpw \fnIbn Gdn Cu \mdp icocn hknv
\tb\ amdnbmSpw CjvSm\pkmcw hnjbfn
amdnamdn canp InfnIsf Apw
mt\{nbfmIp Ap
InfnItfbpw
Acnp Iogvadnpw AmsS hcpXnbn hcpp
shfnhpcp Gn hnthIkzcq]s {]m]nv
AIw Acmmhn
hnfntSWw DWp hnWw.
CsXmcp D]abmWv. Poh t`mKyhnizs A\p`hnpsImn
cnpXv Ap C{nbfneqsSbmWv. Ap C{nbsfbmWv
Ap InfnIfmbn D]anncnpXv. hrns NnIfn\npw
Nn I fn tev NmmSn, Hmtcmtcm ]g sImn t\mn
cknp InfnIsftmsebmWv \psS C{nb {]hnp
Xv. icocs Hcp \fnItbmSmWv Kpcp D]anncnpXv. Fp
sImsm icocw Hcp Ipg t]msebmWv. B icocnem
Is ZpKw hanp hkvXp am{Xtabpffq. icocnepff
Xpt]mseXs a\pw Hcp amen\yqmcamWv. AXv t`mKeme
kXtbmsS temIs `pPnXns ^eambnmWv. Rm icocamsW
pff [mcWbn\nmWv, C{nbfmIp InfnI t`mKyhnizn\p
]nmse ]mdn]dpXv. Hcp thmc H shSnv InfnIsf Xmsg
hogvpXpt]mse, \fpw hnthIamIp kzcq]tan C{nbfpsS
Bnsb Acnp IogvadnWw. Fmte ]qamb Bkm
mXvImcw km[npIbpq.
9
Ccp]pdhpw hcpamdhsbq
smcp sImSnhp ]Spbptahpw
Xcphn\Snp X]psNbvXp hmgpw
\c\p hcm \cIw \n\ntSWw.
Ccp]pdhpw cp ]pdhpw
hcpamdv s]mXnbpamdv
]q Hcp sImSn ]pjv]np \np Hcp
Imphn IWs
hp ]Sv Dbv hfv tatev ]env
tahpw nXn sNp
Xcphn\Snv acns Nphn
X]p sNbvXp hmgpw X]v A\pjvTnp Ignbp
\c\v a\pjy\v
hcm \cIw \cIw DmhpIbn.
\n\ntSWw bmsXmcp kwibhpw th.
CsXmcp Nn{X`mjbmWv (picture language). Cs\bp
tmIv Hcp _mlymhpw thsdmcp Acmhpw Dm
Ipw. H t\mn Hcp acn\p Nphn X]p sNp Hcp
kymknbpsS Nn{XamWv \psS at\mapIpcn ApcnpI.
cp hnI hv B acs s]mXnncnpXv Fn\pth
nbmWv? AtmgmWv \apv kwibw DmIpXv. Cu acw km[m
cW aca. CXp ambmacamWv. ambbpsS cp inIfmWv Bh
cWhpw hnt]hpw. B cp inI, cp hnIsftmse
Bmhns kzcq]s adpIfbpw. Fm [ym\ns Dshfn
hn ambm h n Ip ]nn B kz cq ]s DI p sImp
ImWp Xm]kt{ijvT\v PohnXw Hcnepw ZpxJ`qbnjvTambncnp
Ibn. AXpsImmWv Kpcp ]dbpXv, [ym\\ncX\mb \c\v Hcn
epw \cIw hcnIbnsv. \cIw Fm ZpxJns Xo{hX Ft
Aapffq. CXneqsS m\m\pkm\thfbn X]ns A\n
hmcyXsb Kpcp Dundbpp.
10
Ccpfnencnh\mcv? sNmI \osb
smcph\pcXptIp Xm\ptahw
AdnhXn\mbht\mSp \obpamsc
cpfpanXn {]XnhmIytaIamIpw.
Ccpfn Ccpn
Ccnh Bcv? Ccnp \o BcmWv?
sNmI \o ]dbq
Fv Hcph DcXv Fv Hcph tNmZnpXv
tIv tInv
Xm\pw Ghw A{]Imcw Ccpfnencnph\pw
AdnhXn\mbn BcmWv tNmZnsXdnbm\mbn
Aht\mSv tNmZyw tNmZnht\mSv
\obpw Bcv \obpw BcmWv?
Fv Acpfpw Fns\ tNmZnpw.
CXn {]XnhmIyw ChcpsS cpt]cptSbpw
tNmZypff Dcw
GIamIpw HpXsbmbncnpw.
Bmhns A\ntj[yamb Dsb Xanm coXnbn Ah
Xcnnp Hcp ]coWamWv \mcmbWKpcp \app ImWnpXcp
Xv . \ Ccpp apdnbntev Hcm ISp hcpp. B apdnbn Hcm
Ccnppv . ISphcp Bv apdnbn Btcm Ds tXm
Dfhmbtm tNmZnpIbmWv : BcmWv Ccpv CcnpXv ? Atm
Ccpv Ccnp B Dcw ]dbpw: Rm Fv . Ccpncnp
B ISphcp Bfnt\mSp Hcp adptNmZyw tNmZnpw: \o BcmWv ?
Atm Abm ]dbpw: Rm Fv . cpt]cptSbpw Dcw Rm
FpXs. Cu cp hynIfnepw Ccnp Rm F kv
hyXymkaptm? Ah[m\]qw Xncp a\nempIbmsWn
Htcsbmcp kXsbmWv \fnsemhcnepw Rm F
t_m[s DfhmpXv .
11
AlalsacpfpsXmsbmcm
bpIneIta ]eXtXIamIpw
AIepalbt\IamIbmeo
XpIbnelws]mcpfpw XpSnSpp.
Alw Alw Fv Rm Rm Fv
AcpfpsXms \mw ]dbpXns\sbmw
BcmbpIn Xncp a\nempIbmsWn
AIta ]eX Dkmcn shtsdb,
GIamIpw HpXsbmWv.
AIepw Fnse Rm thsd Ah\nse
Rm thsd F Xcnepff
Al Rm F `mhw
At\Iw BIbm At\IamsWnepw
Cu XpIbn Rm, Rm F `mhfpsS
sbmw kmcw HmsW Xcn
Alws]mcpfpw s]mcpfmbncnp ]camn
ep Rm
XpSnSpp B[mckXyambn \nesImpp.
Fm a\pjycpw Ahchsc kw_np Imcy ]dbp
tm Rm FmWv ]dbmdv. F{X BfpI Dmbmepw Ah
scmhcpw Rm FmWv Ahchscpdnp ]dbpXv. Ign
tmIn \Snb ]coWns ASnm\n Fmhcn
epancnp Rm HpXsbmWv Fv ]conv AdnpIgn
p. {ihWw, a\\w, \nZn[ymk\w Ch aqpw tNpff Hct\zj
WneqsS am{Xta Rm F BkXyw Fmhcnepw Hm
sWv B\p`qXnIambn Adnbm IgnbpIbpq. A\p`h\mb
Hcp Kpcphn\npw t\cnp tIWw. AXp {ihWw. tIXns\
Bgn ]cnNn\w sNWw. AXp a\\w. a\\w AnXam
Iptm AXp \nZn[ymk\w. AIepw Al Fp ]dbpXv thsd
thsd Fv \fn tXmnnp Alwt_m[sbmWv . Am
\wsImmWv As\sbmcp tXm DmIpXv. Am\hi
Kcmbncnph, Rm Fp ]dbpXneqsS icocnt\mSpff
XmZmys DunbpdnpIbmWv sNpXv. B Am\s
\ow sNptm Fm Rm\pIfnepw kmcambncnp GIamb
Bk am{Xta kXyambnpq Fv Ghpw A\p`hndn
bm Ignbpw.
12
sXmenbpsaeppaew Zpcax
IeIfptapalsbmp ImI!
s]menbpanX\y s]menp ]qamIpw
hensbmcl hcm hcw XtcWw.
sXmenbpw Nhpw
Fepv FpIfpw
aew amen\yfpw
Zpcw AxIeIfpw ZpxJtlXpIamb hmk\Ifpw
Gpw Al hlnp Alsb
Hp ImI Hp ImWpI.
s]menbpw \inpt]mIp
CXv A\y CXv AhnZybmb A\ybmWv.
s]menp]qamIpw AhnZym\mineqsS ]qX
ssIhcnpw.
hensbmcl Xm henbh\msW Al
hcmhcw XtcWw hcmXncnm\pff hcw XtcWw.
icocs apgph\pw s]mXnncnpXv sXmensImmWv . Cu
sXmen bpsS ASn bn amwk ap v . icocw amwk _w am{X a .
AXns\ Xmn\ndpp Hcp FnIqSpv. icocns ]pdw`mKw
F{X hrnbmnhmepw Dn Nop\mdp hkv XpfmWv InS
pXv. \ Ignp `Whpw shhpw Fmw aqp aWn
q Ignbptm hfnp\mdm XpSpw. AXpam{Xa, a\ns
Dn Hfnncnp hmk\I AXnepw AgpInbXmWv. Akq
b, Cujy, tIm]w, aZw, amcyw, Zw`w Chsbmw PohnXs
kpNnXamp Zqjyhmk\IfmWv. Chsbmw IqSnbp \psS
PohnXs Hp t\mnmWWw.
Bkzcq]n CsXmpan. Bkzcq]w kzkpcamWv.
AhnsS kuc`yw am{Xta Dq. AXncpIfnm hnimeXbmWv
Bmhns Xew. Bm\p`hw DmIpXn\v Cu Al s]men
pt]mIWw. ]qamb Bm\p`hw DmIpXphsc hmk\
I FcnStXpv. AXn\nSbn Nne BfpIfn hensbm
cl hv AhcpsS \PohnXs Xmdpamdmmdpv. Rm
m\nbmWv, Rm Cuizc\mWv, Rm alm\mWv Fsms
kzbw hnNmcnptm Abm henb Hcp Albp BfmWv.
B Albpw s]menpt]mIWw. AXp s]sp s]menbpIbn
. AXn\p Cuizcm\p{Klhpw KpcpImcpWyhpw thWw. AXpsImv
{]m\mcq]n hensbmcl hcmXncnm hcw XtcWw
Fp AnWw.
13
{XnKpWabw Xncp\odWnsmcoi
Iacecnp hWnbamdn
kIeagnp XWnp tIhen
alnabpap alnemWntSWw.
{XnKpWabw kzw, cPv, Xav Fo
aqp KpWsf IcnsSp
Xncp\o AWn `kvaw ]qinbncnp
Hcp Cui\v GI\mb Cuizc\v
AIaecnv kev]fmIp ]q
Anv
hWn kaWat\m`mhtmSpIqSn
Aw Bdn C{nbphnjbtfmSp
sImXn BdnWpv
kIew Agnv Fm euInI_\fn
\npw ap\mbn
XWnv imNn\mbn
tIhen tIheambXns
alnabpav ApXmZcfpw CmXmbn
aln BtPymXnn
BWntSWw Bpt]mbn AXmbnontSWw.
{]IrXn {XnKpWmnIbmWv. kzw, cPv, Xav Fo aqp
KpWfmWv a\pjys\ IfpsS GSmIqSntev
henngpXv. Cu aqp KpWfpsS \ocmfnnSnn\npw
ap\mIWsan Cuizc\n ]qambpw icWw Kanncn
Ww. Cuiz c \m Is, Cu aqp KpW tfbpw AXn Po hnp
\np GIamb s]mcpfmWv. Amcyw {]XoImIambn kqNn
npXmWv `kvaw ]qin \rw sNp XmWvUh\ScmP.
AXns\ ]tcmambn am{Xta ChnsS [z\nnppq. \fpsS
kev]kq\fmWv Cuizc\v A\bmbn \IpXv. Ffnatbm
Sp Iq Sn thWw Fm kev ] tfbpw I tfbpw Cuiz c\p
kantXv. AXneqsS \apv C{nbfn Npn]n\np
Ima\Isf CmXmm Ignbpw. Ima\IfmWv temIn \s
_nnncnpXv. CuizcmWm kIe _\fpw Agn
p am dpw. A c W n ]ncn ap dp krjv Snncp
NqsSmw XWppdv imnZmbIamb Hc\p`hs Dnepm
pw. CXv Cuizcm\p`hamWv. Cuizcm\p`hw DmIptm Adn
bmsX \ B Bcy]cXbn aXnadv Hcp {`ms\tmse
Pohnsp hcmw. AhnsSbpw \mw \psS At\zjWs \ndp
phm ]mSn. hopw hopw ]qamb \ne ssIhcnpXp
hsc Bgfntep t]mbvsImncnWw. csp `mhw Cm
XmIpXphsc BZnaln BpsImncnWw.
14
{Xn`ph\koa ISp Xnnhnpw
{Xn]pSn apSnp sXfnnSp Zo]w
I]SbXnp IcamIphose
p]\njZpn clkytamntSWw.
{Xn`ph\koa ISv Pm{Kv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn
Fo aqptemIpapdv
Xnnhnpw \ndp{]IminpXmb
{Xn]pSn apSnp {Xn]pSnbpsS \mineqsS am{Xw
sXfnnSp Zo]w kmmXvIcnmhp BZo]w
I]SbXnv Ikymknv
IcamIphoe A\p`hthZyamhpIbn
F F Xcnep
D]\njZpnclkyw D]\njn ]dncnp
clkyamb Zi\w
HmntSWw Ftmgpw HmWw.
\psS A\p`hv aqv AXnnI Iev]nmw. Hv
DWncnptm A\p`hnp temIamWv. Cu Ahsb
Pm{KZh FmWv ]dbpI. C{nbfpw {]]hpw Xn
_sv Cu Ahbn {]hnpp. cmas Ah
kz]v\amWv. kz]v\w ImWp kabv C{nb {]h\\n
cXa. Fm \ Ddhpa. kz]v\w ImWp BfpsS Dnse
]qhkvacWIfmWv kz]v\fmbn A\p`hnpsImncnpXv.
aqmas Ahsb kpjp]vXn Fp ]dbpw. AXmbXv Ddw.
Ddn HpwXs AdnbpIbn. Fm Ddn\npw
DWm \ kpJambn Ddn F tXm DmIpw. DW
Xn\p tijta As\bpff AdnhpmIppq.
Ddp kabv Rm kpJambn Ddpp Fv Bcpw Adn
bpn. C{Xbpw A\p`h \apsmw ]cnNnXamWv. Fm
Hcp m\nbpsS t_m[w Cu aqp temIpw Apdpff
Hc\p`hnemWv. B t_m[s Xpcobt_m[w FmWv D]\n
jn ]dbpI. {Xn]pSn apSnv sXfnnSp Zo]w Fv \mcm
bWKpcp hnfnpXv Xpcobt_m[sbmWv. kymkthjw sIn
\Smsempw Xpcobm\p`hw DmhpIbn. Xpcobm\p`hn\v
Xt]m\ncXamb At\zjWw thWw. hbpngn\mbn thjw sIn
\Sp kymknamsc AXpsImv I]SbXnI FmWv ]d
bp Xv . D] \n j ns ]m e n\n psImmWv Kpcp
Cmcyw ncoIcnpXv.
15
]cbpsS ]mep\pI `mKyhmm
smcp ]Xn\mbncamsmcev]t\cw
Adnh]c{]IrXn[o\ambm
ecs\mSnbmbncampt]mse tXmpw.
]cbpsS ]mev ]camm\n\npw
Dudnhcp B\m\p`hw
\pI `mKyhmmv \pI A\pKrloXv
Hcp ]Xn\mbncamv Hcp ]Xn\mbncw hjwt]mepw
Hcev]t\cw Cncn t\cambn A\p`hsSpw.
Adnhv t_m[w
A]c{]IrXnv Xn\npw A\yamb {]IrXnv
A[o\ambm hispt]mbm
Acs\mSn Ac\nanjw
Bbncampt]mse Hcmbncw hjwt]mse
tXmpw A\p`hsSpw.
]caamb A\p`qXnbn Aancnp m\nIv Ime
t_m[w Hcp ]oU\ambn A\p`hsSmdn. Bm\p`qXn B\
ns \ndpIhnbemWv. Bm\p`qXnbmWv ]cbpsS ]mev.
Fmhpw CXv A\mbmtk\ {]m]ya. `mKyhmmt AX
\p`hnphm Ignbppq. Hcp ]Xn\mbncw hjwt]mepw C
s\sbmcp A\p`qXnZibn Hcp \nanjwt]mse tXmntmIpw.
Fm Am\m Imet_m[w Hcph\n \ndncnp
tm Hcp \nanjwXs Hcmbncw hjt]mse `mcapXm
bnocpw. Imew a\ns Hcp krjvSnbmWv. a\n kpJw Dm
Iptm Imen\v \ofw Ipdbpw. ZpxJapmIptm Imen\p
\ofw IqSpw. kabw \omXpt]mse tXmpw. Cu kXyw B[p
\nIimkv{Xw ]dbpXn\papt Kpcp ]dpIgnp.
B_v sFo Hcp DZmlcWw ]dbppv. Npp]gp
Hcp teml In Sn Hcmsf ]nSn n cp n bm Abmv Hcp
\nanjwt]mepw Hcmbncw hjwt]mse tXmpw. Fm ImapInbpsS
kv t\lakrWamb Nqw_\menwK\mZnIfn \nhrXnsImncnp
Hcph\v aWnpdpI Ignpt]mbmepw Hcp \nanjwt]msetb tXmp
Ibpq.
16
A[nIhnimeacp{]tZisammbv
\Zn s]cpIpXpt]mse hp \mZw
{ipXnIfn hoWp Xpdpansbpw
bXanbepw bXnhcy\mbntSWw.
A[nIhnimeacp{]tZiw hfsc hnimeamb acp`qanbn
Hmbv BIth
\Zns]cpIpXpt]mse \Zn IcIhnsmgpIpXpt]mse
\mZwhv {]Wh[z\n Ddhs]mn hv
{ipXnIfn hoWv DmXnhoWv Xpdp
w An AIp Xpdnpp.
Fpw bXanbepw CXn\v Ftmgpw ba\w ioeamnb
bXnhcy BbntSWw kymknt{ijvT BbncnWw.
Bm\p`hs ImhymIambmWv Kpcp AhXcnnpXv.
]cp hnimeambn InSp acp`qan. B `qan NqSpsImp X]nncn
pIbmWv. s]svv B acp`qan apgph \ndpIhnsmgpIp
Pe {] hmlw Dd h s]m n h cnI bm sW n B A\p ` hw \psS
kev]st]mepw AXnibnnpXmWv. acp`qanbpsS X]vXlr
Zbn \ZnbpsS \\hv ]Sv kpJioXfna ]Icp A\p`qXn.
AXpt]msebmWv Acmmhn \mZw DXnphv DmXpI
fnhoWv m\Npns\ XpdpXcpXv. AhmNykpcamb
A\p`qXnbmWv Kpcp Cu tmIneqsS ]IpXcphm {ian
pXv. \psS cp ImXpIpapdv Adnhns am[pcyaqdp
\mZw {ihnp Hcp t{im{Xapv. B t{im{Xw DWcWsan {i
thWw. ChnsS ]dbp Iv m\NpmWv. kakvXXbnepw
Bkmnyw Zinp ImWv m\Npv. Bkwb
a\w ioeamnb Hcp kymknhcy\v am{Xta Cu A\p`qXn ssIh
cnIbpq.
17
AgsegpanXfmp cp Xmbv
pgepa\mZnhnfp Xqnbmm
\ngepcphmsbcnbpp s\tXm ap
]gInb hmk\ hn hrnbt{X.
AnXfmv Ap \mftfmSp IqSn
cp Xmbv qew, kqvaw Fo cp
XpIfmbn
Agsegpw Insmncnp,
Npgepw NpnncnpsImncnp
A\mZnhnfv BZnbnm Hcp Zo]w
Xqn XqnbnncnpXpt]mse
Bm Bmhv
\ng Dcphmbv \ngemb icocw GnsImv
Fcnbpp In smncnpp.
s\v AtXm hnfscnbm\pff s\msWntem
ap ]gInb hmk\ apt \n IpSnsImp
]gwsN Ihmk\IfmWv.
hn B hnfnse XncnIfmIs, hrn
bt{X NnhrnIfmWv.
Hcp Xncoebn sXfnbp Nen{Xwt]msebmWv Kpcp Cu
tmIw NancnpXv . A\mZnbmb Bmhv Hcp hnfpt]mse Hmtcm
cpcnepw FcnpsImncnppv . Htcsbmcp Bmhv Fcnbp
tm Hcp \mfta ]mSpq. Fm ambbpsS BhcWhpw hnt
]hpw \nanw Bmhn\v Ap \mf DffXpt]mse tXmnn
pp. ChnsS Ap \mf Fp ]dbpXv a\pjyicocnse
Ap mt\{nbsfbmWv . mt\{nbfneqsS BZo]w
{]IminptmgmWv \mw ImWpXpw tIpXpw aWpXpw
Hs. Cu Zo]n\mIs, cp XpIfpv . Hp am\knIw (con-
ceptual) cmatXv sF{nbw (perceptual). sF{nbambXv qe
amb XmWv. C{nbns apn Hcp hnjbw hp\nptm
a\mWv B hnjbs \nbnp a\nemm\pff kml
sfms HcpnsmSppXv . a\n ]qmnXamb hmk\I
fmWv temI\nbn\pthn IcpfmbncnpXv .
BZo]w {]IminpXv \ngepcpthnbmWv . \ngepcp Fp
]dm Xncoebn annadpt]mIp Nn{Xt]mse Ft
Aapffq. Cu hnfscnbphm C\ambncnp s\v hfsc
]gwsN hmk\IfmWv . s\n Xncnsbt]mse hmk\Ifn
NnhrnIfmWv InsmncnpXv. hnjbkwKw DmIp
tm t_m[w hnjbns BImcw ssIsmv Poh\n hntm
` Dmnsmncnpw, ISen XncbSnpwt]mse. CXns\
bmWv NnhrnI Fp ]dbpXv . Bmhv An{nbfn
eqsS a\ns ]men {]Xn^enp {]Iminp Hcp at\m
lcNn{Xw Cu tmIw \app ]IpXcpp.
18
AlancpfncpfmInecmbv \m
alalsadnbmXncpntSWw
AdnhXn\melaImcas
dnhXn\ns\bmptamXntSWw.
Alw Ccpf Bt_m[w Ccpf.
CcpfmIn Ccpmbncpsn,
Acmbv \mw DmgvNt]mepw t]mbn
Alw Alw Fv Rm Dv Rm Dv
FpIqSn
AdnbmXncpntSWw AdnbmXncnWambncpp.
AdnhXn\m Fm Rm\pv F Adn
hns\ \ntj[nm\mhmXn\m
Alw AImcasv Bmhmb Rm Ccpsv
AdnhXn\v t_m[yw hcppXn\pthn
Cs\ C{]Imcw
Bpw FmhtcmSpw
HmXntSWw shfnsSpnsmSpWw.
Rm Dv F kXyw Bpw \ntj[nm Ignbpn.
Rm C Fp ]dbWsant]mepw Rm DmbncnWw.
Rm Dsdnbm\pw Csdnbm\pw Rm DmbncnWw. AXp
sImmWv Kpcp DundbpXv Rm Am\amIp Iqcncp
sv. Rm Adnhns \nd shfnamWv. Rm IqcncpmsW
n \ ]dpt]mcmdpff Rm, Rm Fp t_m[w
t]mepw DmIphm ]mSnmbncpp. Fm As\ Atm?
Rm ckn p p, Rm ZpxJn pp Fsmw ]d bp tm sgm
sbpw Rm AhnsS {]Iminppv.
AXpsImv Fmhpw Adnncnmthn ]dpsIm
Spt HmWv \mw BmhmsWv. Bmhv kzbw{]IminX
amWv. AXns Dsb Xnfbm\mhn; shfnns Dsb
Ccpn\v \ncmIcnm\mhmXpt]mse. AXpsImv \mw hopw
hopw ]dbWw: Rm Am\a, Rm m\amWv. Rm
Ccp, Rm shfnamWv. Rm ZpxJa, Rm B\amWv. Rm
iq\y X b , Rm \nd hmWv Fv . kw ln kn Zmw t\l
\m\mkvXn In\. ChnsS knZmw am{Xtabpq. \m\mXz Hpw
Xsbn Fp \mcmbWKpcp Zi\amebn ]dbpp.
19
ASnapSnbaXpnXpXps
SnbnSpamZnakbpsXmw
PUanXp kha\nXyamw Pen
hSnhns\ hnp XcwKa\yamtam?
ASn ASnbnepXmWv kXyw
apSn DXnbnepXmWv kXyw
Aw ApXmWv kXyw
AXpv AXp DXpXsbmWv
CXpv CXp DXpXsbmWv
AXpv AX, asmmWv DffXv
Fv ASnbnSpw Cs\ a\pjy shdpsX
kXyssmn hmZnpp.
BZnak Fmnsbpw BZnbmbncnp
BkXsbmWv
DsXmw _lphn[ambn ChnsS ImWp
\macq]sfmw.
CXp kw CmWmhpsXmw
A\nXyamw \miapXmb
PUw PUamWv.
Pen hSnhns\ hnv Pens kbn\npw
XcwKw Xnc
A\yamtam? thdnncnpsXs\bmWv?
Cu {]]w apgph\pw Htcsbmcp kbpsS \m\mhn[ambn
pff BhnjvImcfmWv. C{nbsImv BIminepw `qan
bnepw Acnnepambn Fa hkvXpsf \ ImWpp
v. BIminse \{Xfpw `qanbnse Ipw apw hre
XmZnIfpw kmKchpw acp`qanbpw arKfpw a\pjycpw Fmw Cu
BZnakbpsS BhnjvImcfmWv. BhnjvIrXamb Fmn\pw
Hmtcm cq]apv. cq]s \mw AdnbpXv \maIcWw sNbvXmWv.
As\bmWv Fa \mafpw Fa cq]fpw tN hymhlm
cnI{]]w kwPmXamIpXv. \macq]fpsS _mlpeym BZna
ksb hnkvacnpt]mIpp. Fnv hmpIfpsS ambmPmens]
nsXpt]mse kXyssmn Xnm XpSpp.
IpsImp ImWp Hns\ am{Xta Rm kXyambn hniz
knpIbpq Fsmcm iTnpp. Atm thsdmcm ]dbp
p, ssZhw DXfn adncnpp Fv. C\nsbmcm ]d
bpp, AXpX, CXmWv DXv Fv. B aXw icnb, Cu
aXw icnsbv thsdmcp Iq. As\ ]dp]dv Xn
tepw ASn]nSnbntepw Ahkm\w bpntepw csmcn
nentepw \bnp hmZ{]XnhmZfpsS Aiq\yX Kpcp
FSppImWnpIbmWv. DXv BZnak am{Xw. ASnapSn, Ahn
sSChnsS, AXpv CXpv FsXms shdpw i_vZPme
am{Xw. AXpsImmWhsb PUw Fp ]dbpXv. PUhkvXp
Aev]mbppIfmWv.
Hcp Xncbvv F{Xt\cw Pen s]mn\nm Ignbpw?
Aev]t\cw am{Xw. Ipdp Ignm Xnc, hnStpXs Xncn
pt]mIpw. Xnc FhnsS\nmWv hXv ? Pen\nv . PeamWv Xnc
bpsS BZnak. Pen\nv thdnsmcp Akv XnX Xncbv n.
Xnc A\nXyamWv . Pew \nXyamWv . CsXmcp DZmlcWw am{XamWv .
Cu DZmlcWneqsS BkbpsS \nXyXzhpw \macq]fpsS
A\nXyXzhpw Kpcp hyampp. Fm Xfpw Am\
n\npw P\npXmWv . m\n Xw Hgnpt]mIpp.
t_m[w sXfnhp kXys Zinpp.
20
DeIn\p thsdmcp kbnXps
peIcpcXp kaqllo\w
Pf\p hnteibsap tXmnbmepw
\eanbepw aeame \mKamtam?
DeIn\v \macq]mIamb {]]n\v
thsdmcp kbn Bkbn\npw `nambn
thsdmcp kbn.
AXpsv ChnsSImWp Hmtcmn\pw
thsdthsd Dbpsv
DeI DcXv P\ ]dpt]mcpXv
khw Fmw
Dullo\w bpnbpa.
Pf\v Am\nv
hnteibw ]mv
Fp tXmnbmepw Dsp tXmnbmepw
\ew Cbepw tNtXmlcamb
aeame ]qame
\mKamtam? ]mmbn amdptam?
Fm a\pjycpw bpnbpambn Nnnphc. bpn
bpw Fp ]dbptm BZnakv tbmPnp coXnbn
FmWv a\nemtXv. ]caImcWambncnp Bk
bn Fmnt\bpw tbmPnnp a\nemptm B Nn bpn
bpamWv. ImcWn\npw A\yambn Hcp Imcyn\pw \ne
\nm\mhpIbn. Ifnans\qSmsX IpSns\s\ \ne
\nm Ignbpw? AXpsImv Kpcp DdnpXs ]dbpp: De
In\p thsdmcp kbn Fv. CXp tIptm Cu temIw
iq\y am sW a\ n em tXv ; temI n ep ff Fm n\pw
AambncnpXv Htcsbmcp BZnakXsbmWv FmWv.
shfnpdhpaqew ]qame ImWptm `ocphn\v AXv ]mm
sW {`aw DmImw. hnteibw ]mmWv. ]qamebpsS BImchpw
]mns BImchpw kam\amWv. AXpsImv aqV\v DmIp
sXn m c Wsb, Adn hp ff Hcm hv Xncp n sm Sp p p.
]mmsWp hnNmcnv `bs AbmfpsS a\n ]qame ImWp
tm DmIp Bcy\n`camb ktmjw Kpcp FSppIm
Wnpp. thZmnse Ibdpw ]mpw F ZrjvSmn\v Hcp
amw hcpn Ibdns m\v ]qamesb {]XnjvTnpIbmWv
sNpXv. BZnak shdpw {]tbmP\clnXambnp H.
AXn \nlnXambncnp B\amWv AXns aqeyw. ]qamebm
sWp Xncndnbpm AXv IqSpX {]nbw P\nnpp. AXp
sImmWv thZmnse ncw ZrjvSmamb Ibdns\amn ]qam
esb Kpcp {]XnjvTnXv. {]tbmP\aqeysbmWv ChnsS IqSpX
DundbpXv.
21
{]nbsamcpPmXnbnsX{]nbw XzZob
{]nba]c{]nbsat\Iambn
{]nbhnjbw{]Xn hnSpw {`aw X
{]nba]c{]nbsadnntSWw.
{]nbw Hcp PmXn HtcsbmcpXcw {]nbtabpffq.
CXv F {]nbw CXv Fs CjvSw,
XzZob{]nbw \ns CjvSw,
A]c{]nbw thsdmcphs CjvSw
Fv At\Iambn F Xcn Htc {]nbwXs
At\I{]nbfmbnocpXv.
{]nbhnjbw {]Xn CjvShnjbfn
hnSpw {`aw DmIp {`aw \nanamWv.
X{]nbw Xs {]nbamWv
A]c{]nbw thsdmcphsbpw {]nbw
Fv AdnntSWw Fpff kXyw a\nemWw.
{]nbw Htbpq. At\Ian. B {]nbw B{]nbamWv . Bm
hn klPambn IpSnsImp B\\n`cXbmemWv Bmhn
Fm PohnIpw {]nbw P\npXv . BmhmIs GIhpw k
hym]nbpamWv . Fm Poh\nse AlmaaXmZnI ImcWw Hcp
h hnjbtemep]\mbnocpp. hnjbnemWv B\ancnpXv
F {`aw \nanamWv hnjbn Hcph\v {]nbw P\npXv.
As\ hcptm Hmtcmcpv Cjv Sapff hnjbfpw hyXy
kv Xfmbncnpw. B{]nbw adpt]mbn B m\v hnjb
{]nbw hpIqSpXv Am\w \nanamWv . As\bmWv Fs
Cjv Sw, \ns Cjv Sw, AhcpsS Cjv Sw Fns\bpff Cjv Sm\njv S
hv B{]nbn\v hn`P\w kw`hnpXv . CXp amnsbSp
Wsan \apv {]nbsXmbn tXmp Hcp Imcyw thsdm
cmpw {]nbw Dfhmp coXnbn kaRvPkambn tNWw.
ImcWw BXynIambn {]nbhkvXp BbncnpXv BmhmWv.
Cmcyw Ftmgpw HmthWw.
22
{]nba]csbsX{]nbw, kzIob
{]nba]c{]nban{]ImcamIpw
\baXn\mse \cp \ \evIpw
{Inbb]c{]nbtlXphmbv htcWw.
{]nba]cs thsdmcphs {]nbw GXmtWm
AsX{]nbw AsXsbpw {]nbamWv.
kzIob{]nbw F\np {]nbsXpXsbmWv
A]c{]nbw asmcph\pw {]nbambncnpXv.
C{]ImcamIpw \bw CXmWv PohnXs kacks
Spp Hcp t]mwhgn.
AXn\mse {]nbw GIambncnpXpImcWw
\cp \\Ipw{Inb Hcph\v \bpmp {]hrn
A]c{]nbtlXphmbv thsdmcphsbpw kpJn\v
htcWw CSbmWw.
PohnXn\v \smcp s]cpamn thWw. \app tXmnb
Xpt]msesbmw sNpIbmsWn FhntSbpw kwLjw am{Xta
apn\npIbpq. {]nbns Xen hcp ]nSnhminIsIm
mWv kwLj DmIpXv. a\pjyPohnXn Hcp ka
\zbw sImphcWsan \mw Nne \opt]mpIsfms \S
Ww. AXn\p Zmi\nIamb Hcp ASndbpw DmbncnWw.
HmaXmbn, {]nbns ASnm\w BkbmsWdnbpI.
Bmhns {]nbw FmhcptSbpw {]nbamWv. AXpsImv Bm
hns {]nbntev tNcpXns `mKambn \mw {]mYanIambn
sNtXv thsdmcmfpsS CjvStbpw \psS CjvSns ]cn
KW\bntev sImphcnI FXmWv.
thsdm cmv Cjv S s Imcyw \ap pw IqSn Cjv S sphcp
tm \mw Aev ]wIqSn hnim e lr Z b \m bn o cp p. As\
hcp tm \apv {]nb c am bn cn p Hv thsdm cmpw {]nb
c am bn o cpw. \mw temI n \p thn Pohn p I bm sW n
temIw \ap p th nbpw Pohn pw. \mw Cuiz c \p thn Pohn
p I bm sW n Cuiz c \ap p th nbpw Pohn pw. AXp
sImv F\nv \ bpm p {]hrn thsdm cm fpsS Pohn X
n\p Xn bmbn hcm ]mSn . A{X am{Xw Icp X temSpw Dsh
fn thm Spw IqSn Pohn m am{Xta {]nb fnse kzc e bs
Imp kq n m \apv Ign bp I bp q.
23
A]c\pthnbl\niw {]bXv\w
Ir]WX hnp Ir]mep sNbvXnSpp
Ir]W\t[mapJ\mbv InSpsNp
]PbIahpthn am{Xw.
A]c\pthn thsdmcmpthn
Al\niw cmIt`ZanmsX
Ir]WX hnv kzmX IqSmsX
{]bXv\w I
Ir]mep sNbvXnSpp Ir]bph sNpp.
Ir]W kzm
At[mapJ\mbv InSv A[aamb kpJt`mKfn apgpIn
A]PbIw [hntcm[nbmb Iw
Ahpthnam{Xw Xs am{Xw kpJn\pthn
sNpp sNpp.
Ir] XnIpw ssZhn I amb Hcp KpW am Wv . kl Po hn Ifnepw
Xs Pohs XpSnpI sXmdnbph\mWv Ir]mep. Ir]mep
Fp sNptmgpw AXv knsbpw lnXw am\nmWv sNp
I. Fhn sS sb nepw thZ \bpw bmX \bpw ImWp tm Ir]m ep
hns a\w Aenbpw. AhcpsS ZpxJ\nhmcWn\pthn Ir]mep
X\n m hp sXmw sNp p. an a\p jycpw kzw `mcy, Ipn
I F IpSp mb XmXv ] cy fnam{Xw HXpnq Sp h cm
Wv . A Xn \ p d smcp temI ap sv Ah Nnn mt]mepw
sa\sSmdn. As\bp at\m`mhsbmWv Ir]WX Fv
Kpcp hnti jn n p Xv .
Ftmfpw Ir]WX Cp P\fn BthinncnpI
bmWv. Hcp `qXmthiwt]mse P\w kzmXbpsS IpSpw_]m
entev DhenpsImncnpXmWv \mw ImWpXv . Cu
Dhenbhns\ AWpIpSpw_w (nuclear family) FmWv ]dbp
Xv. A\pw Abpw aI\pw aIfpw am{Xw ASp Hcp IpSpw_w.
AhcpsS kpJw am{XamWv Ah At\zjnpXv. Ah kpJw
Isphm\pff {]bmWn F{X BfpIsf thWsanepw ZpxJn
nphm aSn ImWnpn. CXmWv Ir]Ws PohnXcoXn. Ir]
W Xs t\n\pthn klPohnIsfsbmw NhnnsaXnv IS
pt]mIpw. BsI a\pjycpsS BsI \sbpdnv Ahs\mcp hnNm
chpw DmbncnpIbn. As\bp hnNmcanmhs Iw
ZqjnXamb IamWv. AXns\bmWv A]PbIw Fp hnfnp
Xv. AXpsImv \fnse Ir]WX IfbpI. Ir]mepXzs
DWn hnIknnsSppI. temIn\p kzkvXn `hns.
24
Ah\nhs\dnbpsXmstbmm
eh\nbnemZnaamsbmcmcq]w
Ah\h\mkpJn\mNcnp
hb]cp kpJn\mbv htcWw.
Ah Ch Fv Ah Fpw Ch Fpw \mw
AdnbpsXms ]dpt]mcmdpff Imcysfms
Hmm hnNn\w sNbvXm
Ah\nbn temIn
BZnaamb krjvSnpw \nZm\ambncnp
Hcp Bcq]w Htcsbmcp BkXyta Dq.
Ah\h Hmtcmcpcpw
BkpJn\v kzw kpJn\pthn
BNcnph sNp {]hrnI
A]cv apffhpwIqSn
kpJn\mbv htcWw kpJw \IWw.
temIn Htcsbmcp Bktb Dq. B Bk
bmWv Fnepw \nnepw Ah\nepw Ch\nepw Hs A[mc
bmbn hnpXv. km[mcWbmbn Hcp a\pjy Iw sNp
tmtgm kwkmcn GsSptmtgm Cmcysampw Hmmdn
. AXpsImv Ah Fp \ ]dbptm \fn\npw
A\yamb GtXm Hcp hynbmWv Ah F tXmemWv Dfhm
IpXv. Hcp lnp ]dbpw: Ah {InkvXym\nbmWv, Ah apo
amWv Fsms. {Inkv Xym\nbpw apoapw CtXt]mseXs lnphn
s\]nbpw ]dbpw. cmjv{Sobnepw ImWmw Cs\bpff tNcnXn
cnhpI. Ah IyqWnmWv, Ah tIm{KmWv F coXn
bn. Fs\bmWv Cu A\yXzw \fntev ISphcpXv? \mw
\psS imcocnIksbbmWv Rm\mbn IcpXpXv. B imcocnI
kbpsS AkvXnXzs am\ZWvUamn hpsImmWv Xs
temIns AXnn \nbnpXv. Cu {]mYanIamb sXns\
XncpmsX temIn ka\zbhpw kam[m\hpw sImphcm\mhp
Ibn.
\fpsS hnZym`ymknepw aXt_m[\nepsamw Cu sXv
Bhnv DdnpsImncnpp. Htcsbmcp BkbmWv
kNcmNcfnepw kXyambncnpsX A\p`ht_m[ambn
cnWw Hcp a\pjys\ DZmamtXv. As\ Hcph Xs
kpJn\mbn {]hnpXv FmhcptSbpw kpJn\v Imc
Wambn `hnpp. ChnsSbmcpw \n\nv A\yc. hymhlmcn
I\nbn\pthn am{Xw Ah, Ch Fsms ]dbmw.
AXpsImmWv Kpcp A]c F hmv D]tbmKnncnpXv.
A]c Fm ]c Amh. {]Xyn thsdbmsW
nepw ]camn Xn\npw thsdbmh. Cmcyw
\hw a\\w sNbvXpdnv Iw sNpIbmsWn temI
n imnpthn apdhnfn Iqt Bhiyan. imn kzm`m
hnIambn hptNpsImpw.
25
Hcph\p\Xpa\y\epw tN
smcp sXmgnemhntcm[ntbmntSWw.
]c\p ]cw ]cnXm]taInSptm
sccn\cIm_v[nbn hosWcnnSpp.
Hcph\p \Xpw Hcmv \ hcppXpw
A\y\v Aepw thsdmcmv ZpxJhpw
tNsmcp sXmgn hcpnhbvpXmb {]hrn
Bhntcm[n Bmhnse klPamb
sFIyn\v \ncpX.
HmntSWw Cmcyw adpt]mIm ]mSn.
]c\v thsdmcmv
]cw ]cnXm]w ]caamb thZ\sb
GInSptm Gev]nph
Fcn\cIm_v[nbn Insbcnbp \cIkam\
amb ZpxJSen
hoWv FcnnSpp hoWv Xo{hambn t\mh\p`hn
tn hcpp.
Bmhn Fmw kzcebsncnpIbmWv. klPamb Hcp
sFIyw Bmhn\pv. Bmhn HpwXs ]ckv]cw Ieln
pn. AXpsImv Bt_m[nbmb Hcm Iw sNptm
AXp kakvXXpw lnXIcambn `hnpp. Hcp XSmInse \n
ePecminbntev sNdnsbmcp IsSpsdnm aXn, AXn
Btmf\w DmIm. AeameI DmIpXv, AXns kzm`mhn
Iamb kzXbntev Xncnphcphm\mWv. AXpt]mse Bmhv
AXns kzXbntev Xncnphcphm {iaw \Snsmncnp
p. Fm ]ecnepw imco cn Ihpw am\ kn I hp amb XmZm y
t_m[m BssIyw \jvSsSmdpv. Hcmv \ hcpp
{]hrn thsdmcmv Xn hcpmdpv. Cs\bpff I
Bmhns sFIyn\p \ncpX. AXpsImv AXns\ Kpcp
Bhntcm[n Fp ]dbpp. t_m[]qw Nne aphv D]
{Zhw Gev ]nmdpv , ]oUnnmdpv . Xs kpJn\pthn thsdm
cphs Pohs\tmepw l\nphm Nne DZyanpp. As\bp
h sImSpw]mXInIfmWv.
Hcphs Iw \XmsWn \ ^es Ah\v Inpw.
No Iw sNph\v km]s Dmp ^eamWv e`n
pI. \manp ZpxJw A\p`hnppsn B ZpxJn\p tlXp
Iamb I \mw Ftmtgm sNbvXnpv. AXpsImv thsdm
cmv IcpXnqn ]cnXm]w Gev]nph \cImnv kam\
amb ZpxJSen hoWv Insbcnbpw. Bmhv kzbta AXns
GIXm\Xbn hnpsanepw Iw sNph\v IXrXz
t_m[w DffXn\m IfpsS ^efpw AhXs Gphm
pw. acnXn\p tijsampw BIWsan. \cIw F hmv ZpxJ
ns Xo{hmhsb ImWnphm\mWv . AsXtm thWsanepw
kw`hnmw. AXpsImv Bmhns GIXm\Xv \ncp I
am{Xw A\pjv TnpI.
26
AhbhsamsbanbmWnbmbv \n
hbhnbmhnsbbmhcnnSpp
Ah\nhs\Xn\meh \n\bvp
hiXbmahnthIsamn\mte
Ahbhw Hs Fm Ahbhtfbpw
Aan kzhiKamn
BWnbmbv \nv Hcp tI{_nphmbn hnp
Ahbhn Poh
Bhnsb Bmhns\
BhcnnSpp adpIfbpp.
AXn\m AXn\m
AhiXbmw kzmkbmb Bmhn\p
hisSm
AhnthIw t_m[iq\yX
Hn\mte Hp \nanambn
Ah Ch Fv Ah thsd Ch thsd F
Xcn
Ah \n\bvpp Ahi\mb AhnthIn \n\bvpp.
Cwojp`mjbn Ahbhn\v organ FmWv ]dbpXv.
\nch[n Ahbh HnptNv kzbta {]hnpXpSp
tm AsXmcp HmKm\nkambn (organism). \fpsS icoc
nepw Iptdtbsd Ahbhfpv. Cu Ahbhsfms tXmn
bXpt]mseb {]hnpXv. ssI DbWsav Cnp
Xpw Im hen W sav Cn p Xpw Cu Ah b h sf
sbms CW n \np Ah b hn bm Wv . Ah b hn Fp ]d
m HmKss\k (organizer). B HmKss\ksdbmWv Poh
Fp ]dbpXv. Poh Hcp BWnsbtmse Fm {]h\
pw tI{oIrXt\XrXzw \Ipp. ]t, Cu Poh\mIs
imcocnIXmZmym hymtamlnX\mWv. Xs icocamWv Xs
k Fv Poh sXncnncnpp.
Bmhns\ Bhn FmWv Kpcp hnfnncnpXv. Hmw ]Zy
n ]d bp Icphpw ChnsS ]d bp Bhnbpw Hp X s.
Fm Cu Bmhv PohXzw ImcWw adpt]mbncnpp.
CXmWv Ah iX. B h ip \np hm hnthIw thWw.
AXn\mIWsan A\mhip \app hnpff sIp]mSp
I Agnpt]mIWw. AhiX Ahkm\nWw. AhiXbpw
AhnthIhpw ImcWamWv Hcm Ahthsd Chthsd Fpff
Xp _p n bm {] hn p Xv . B km m Xv Im c Z i bn
am{Xta Hcph\v GIXzt_m[w A\p`hambn hcnIbpq.
27
CcpfnencpdnbpXmIpamm
hdnhXpXm\Y \macq]ambpw
IcWsamSn{nbIrIambpw
hcphXp ImI! atl{Pmesamw!
Ccpfnencpv Ccp Ahbn Ccpv
AdnbpXmIpw Bm AdnpsImncnpXmWv
Bmhv.
Adnhv AXp Xm AXp Adnhp XsbmWv.
AY ]noSv B AdnhpXs
\macq]ambpw \maambpw cq]ambpw
IcWsamSv AcWw apX
C{nbIXrIambpw C{nb, Imhv, Iw hsc
hcphXv {]XoXamIpXv.
ImI t\mq.
Fmw atl{Pmew! Fmw almb C{PmewXs!
Bmhns\ ImWmXncnm ImcWsamWv? AXv Ccpfn
emWv CcnpXv. AXpsImv Ccpfnencnp s]mcpfmWv Bm
hv. CcpfmIp adbnemWv Cu {]]w apgph\pw kbnphncn
pXv. AXpsImv Ccpfn\pdp s]mcpfns\ ImWm {ian
ptmsgms {]]{]XoXnIfmWv ImWpXv. Ddn \mw
Hpw Adnbmdntm? Fm B Hpw AdnbmXncnp Adnhn
mbvapnepw temIhnjb ]nqSn adncnppv. Nne
tm kz]v \n Ah Xnbdn hcpw. PmKcnXn AXp Iptd
qSn hyambn tXmpw. PmKcnXhpw kz]v\hpw ]cws]mcpfns
ZrjvSnbn hensbmcp kz]v\w am{XamWv. Ddnepw DWncn
p Bmhntev \mw DWcWw. Ddp thfbn kpJw A\p
`hnpsmncnp \mw Bm\p`hnemWv. ]t, DW
Xn\ptijw am{Xta B kpJs Adnbphm Ignbppq. Ddp
tmgpw Rm DWn cn p p sh Dt_m[w sXfn h
m\nbmbn.
\ Ccppapdnbn Ccnptmgpw Rm, Rm F B D
bmsXmcp D]m[nbpanmsX \ap\p`hnm\mIpw. B GIamb
BmhmWv ]noSv \macq]mIamb Cu hnizambn \psS apn
{]Xn`mknpXv. B BmhpXsbmWvv AcWfmbpw
C{nbfmbpw Imhmbpw Iambpw amdnadbpXv. Bm
hnXsbncnp Hcp {]tXyI inNme\wsImmWv CsXmw
kw`hnpXv. Cu ApXIcamb C{Pmes [ym\mIambn
Hp \nconpI. Atm imn Xmt\ DudnqSpw.
28
ASnapSnbSnsXmp auenbw
kv^pSadnbpXp Xpcyt_m[amIpw
PUadnhoeXp Nn sNbvXp sNmp
nSbnencpdnhdnntSWw.
ASn apSn Av ASnsbtm apSnsbtm D
t`ZNn CmXmbn
ASnsXmp auenbw Fm ASn apX apSn hsc
kv^pSw AdnbpXv sXfnatbmsS AdnbpXv
Xpcyt_m[amIpw Xpcyt_m[amWv.
PUadnhoe PUhkvXp Xpcyt_m[s
Adnbpn.
AXv B Xpcyt_m[w
NnsNbvXv sNmp Nnnv Fntcmhp
CSbnbnencp Adnh Xen hcp Adnh.
AdnntSWw Cmcyw a\nemWw.
B t_m[w PmK cn X ntem kz]v \ ntem kpjp ]v Xn
bntem A\p ` hn dn bp Adn h . Cu aq h I tfbpw Dw
Ln p \np AXo X t_m [ amWv B t_m [w. AXp sImv
AXns\ \mem atXv F A n Xpcobw Fpw ]d
bmdp v . Xpcobw hmkv X h n Hc h b ; Ah m {X b km
n bm Wv . Xpcy t_m[w kmn ssN X \y am Wv . km[m c W _p n
sImp Nnn p tm gmWv ASn, apSn Fsm s bp ff am\
DmbnhcpXv . km[mcW _pn `uXnIhnjbfpambn _
s mWv {]hnp ioen n pXv . AXp sImv a\ n hcp
tNmZy smw _pn Dcw ]d bp Xv \ofw, hoXn, Db cw,
I\w Fo Af hpI fpsS am\ Z Wv U D] tbm Kn p sIm m
Wv . Fm Xpcy t_m [ am Is Af h Xm Wv . Hcp Xc n ep
Af hp tImsImpw Af m Ign bm{X hym]vXnbmWv Xpcy
t_m[n\pXv.
Xpcyt_m[w A\amWv. AXpsImv ASnsbtm apSnsbtm
D hn`P\w Xpcyt_m[n hcpn. Fm B Xpcyt_m[
n `qanbpw BImihpw Dtncnpp. Xpcobm\p`hn
m\w kv^SnIkmiamb sXfnabn Fntcpp. kwibw
teiwt]mepan. C{nbfpw a\pw _pnbpsamw PUhkvXp
fmWv. AXn\p kzbta {Klnphm\pff inbn. Bmhns
{]IminemWv AsXmw {]IminpXv. AXpsImv PUhkvXp
v Xpcyt_m[w DmIpn. Nnntm A\pam\ntm FSp
mhp H Xpcyt_m[w. Fm NnIfpw A\p`hfpsS ap{Z
W fmb kv ac WIfp ambn _ s mWv {]hn p Xv .
Fm Xpcyt_m[amIs As\sbmcp kvacWbpa. AXn\m
AXns\ Nnndnbm\mIpsap IcpXpXv A_amWv. Fm
D]m[nIfpw Dt]nv, Adnhns\ kzbw {]Iminphm CSbm
ptm Xpcyt_m[w kqcyXpeyw \n {]Iminpw. CXmWv
BkmmXvImcw.
29
a\ae sImbvXp atli ]qP sNpw
a\pP\p asmcp the sNbvXntS.
h\ae sImbvXpaXbmbvIn ambm
a\phpcphnpancnn amb amdpw.
a\ae sImbvXv a\nse kev]hnIev]fm
Ip ]q \pnsbSpv
atli]qP sNpw atli\v Anp
a\pP\v a\pjy\v
asmcp the thsdmcp km[\
sNbvXntS sNt Bhiyan.
h\ae sImbvXpw Asn ]qsSnIfn\npw
]q s]mnv Anpw
AXbmbvIn C\n AXpasn
ambma\p Dcphnpw ambma{w Dcphnv
Ccnn km[\ sNpIbmsWn
amb amdpw Xpcyt_m[s adp]nSnp
amb amdntmIpw.
a\pjy Fmhcpw t_m[hnImkns Imcyn HtcXc
nephc. Nne BXzs s]sp {Klnpp. Nne
cmIs {Klnm IgnbmsX Ipgpt]mIpp. Hmtcmcpcnepw
Ccnp hmk\bmWv Ahs CjvSm\njvSsf \nbnp
Xv. hmk\bpsS insb bnntXv BXz{KlWn\v
AXymt]nXamWv. AXn\mbn aqp D]mb Kpcp ChnsS ]d
pXcpp. CXp \s klmbnphm\mWv. Hmtcmcppw CW
pXp am{Xw kzoIcnpI. ]t, GXp km[\ sNptmgpw
eyw BkmmXvImcamsW Imcyw adm ]mSn.
HmaXmbn, ]q hncnbpXpt]msebmWv a\n kev]
fpw hnIev]fpw ApcnpXv. Cu kev]hnIev]sf
]qPm]pjv]fmbn IcpXn AcmmhmIp atliz c\v A\
\S p {]{Inb XnIpw [ym\m I am Wv . hfsc GIm {KX
ssIh cn Hcmp am{Xta C s\ sbmcp \njv T Inp I bp q.
A s\ bp Hcmv thsd Hcp km[ \ bpsS Bh iy an .
Abm t{X ntem ]n bntem t]mtIXn. A{Xbpw
Bym nIamb HuXyw Bn m Ignnn s n
Ipdp Imp ]q Cdpv atl iz c\v A \ bmbn \Imw.
AXpa s n, a\ nse amen \y \op hm \mbn a{
Dcp hn Smw. hnip amb Fm {K fpw Kpcq ] tZ i fpw a{
fm Wv . Ah \nc cw kzmymbw sN Ww. kwi bn t.
ambm tam l ns ]nSn bn\npw ]pd p I S m Ign bpw.
hnizm ky X tbmsS A\p jv Tn p I.
30
PUadnhoednhnp Nnbntm
XnSpIbpandnshdnp kw
hnSpIneh hniZmcwK\mbv ta
epSeneapgepXn \q\w
PUw Adnhoe PUn\v Adnbm IgnbpIbn.
Adnhnp Nnbn Xpcyt_m[n NnIfn.
HmXnSpIbpan B A\p`hw hmpIfntev
]Iphm\pw BhpIbn.
Adnshdnp Xpcyt_m[s Adnbm D]m
[nbpsS Bhiyan Fdnv
kw hnSpIn PUkw_amb Fm sIp]m
SpIfpw Dt]npIbmsWn
Ah Hcph
hniZ AcwK\mbv AXncpIfnm NnZmImin
\ndncnph\mbnocpp.
ta ]noSv
DSen Aav Rm icocamsWpff
Am\n\v hiK\mbn
DgepXn ZpxJnpn.
\q\w CXp XobmWv.
\mw F dn bp tmgpw Nnn m dp v . Nnn msX Hpw
\apv Adnbm Ignbn. Nnndnbp AdnhpIfpw A\p`hfpw
am{Xta \apv ]cnNbapq. Fm FtmgmtWm NnIsfmw
\nhramIpXv, hncanpXv AtmgmWv Xpcyt_m[w {]Imin
pXv. Cu Xpcyt_m[w a\psImtm _pnsImtm C{nb
sImtm Hpw {Kmlyamb XcnepX. ImcWw Ch
sbmw PUhkvXpfmWv. Xpcyt_m[w GIm{]Xybkmcamb
Xn\m, thsd Hnsbpw klmbanmsX kzbta Adnbpp. AXm
bXv \mw \ss thpabnmsX Adnbpp.
]mmXyXzNnIcn AZznXob\mb s_Kvk B Adn
hns\ Am\w (intuition) Fp hnfnp. AXpsImv, PUh
kvXpsImv \mw Ip ioen C{nbm\p`hfpw Xpcyt_m[
asp \nbnWw. Xpcyt_m[m\p`hs Cthsc Bcpw
hmpIfn ]Iphnn. A\p`hnph\v t`mrXzanm
Xn\m samgnbm\mIpn. ISens Bgafm t]mb Dp]mh
Xncnphv \tfmSv ISens AKm[Xsbpdnv ]dpXcnIbn
sv \apdnbmw. ISepw ]mhbpw Hmbnom ]ns Bcp
]dbpw? Adnhneam ]ns \m\mXzfn. Atm Ahs
AcwKw kmKcwt]mse A\ambnocpw. ]nosSmcnepw
Ah\v imcocnIt_m[m ZpxJnpgephm CShcpn. ZpxJw
icocntXmWv. BmhntX. Bmhn \mw B\Xpne
cmWv. AhnsS ZpxJns ]ina Atijan.
31
A\p`hamZnbnsemncnnem
X\panXnbnnXp apanbmte
A\p`hnbmXXpsImp [nbps
\panXnbmednhoednntSWw.
A\p`hw C{nb{]Xyamb A\p`hw
BZnbn BZytaXs
Hncnn AmsX HpmImsX
A\panXn C A\pam\ndnbphm \app
IgnbpIbn.
CXv Cu Xpcyt_m[w
apw apv
Anbmte C{nb{]Xyambn
A\p`hnbmbXpsImv A\p`hnnnmXpsImv
[nbpsv [smw A[njvTm\
amb [n DspXv
A\panXnbm A\pam\neqsS
Adnhoe Adnbm ]pIbn.
AdnntSWw Cmcyw \nbw hcpWw.
A\p`hw Fp \mw km[mcW ]dbpXv Hcp hkvXphns\
t\cnp ImWptmgmWv. \mw HcmtfmSp ]dbpp: Rm
ISiphns\ Ip. Atm Abm Xncnp tNmZnpw: IS
ipthm? AsXmWv? CXns Aw Abmv ISiphns
{]Xy m \p `hw Dm bn n Fm Wv . Abm IS ip hns\
t\cnp In n . AXp sImmWv Abm fn kwibw P\n Xv .
Fm ISiphns\ Abmdnbmambncpsn AbmfpsS
{]XnIcWw thsd coXnbn BIpambncpp: Dtm. \o Itm?
AsX hn sS bmWv ? Fm bn cn pw. Abmv ISip hns
cq]s A\pam\nsSpm Ignp. Cu temIn {]Xy
n Fp Imepw \mw AXns\mcp t]cp sImSppw. t]cv Ax
IcWnse Hchbhamb Nnn t]mbn adncnpw. t]cp
am{Xa NnnencnpXv. {]Xyn I hkvXphns
cq]hpw t]cnsIqsS adncnpw. ]ns, B t]cp tIptm
\psS at\mapIpcn sXfnbpXv hkvXph; hkvXphns Hcp
Imev]\nIcq]amWv. CXns\ {]Xn` Fp ]dbpw.
Xpcobm\p`hw \apv appmbnn. AXpsImv \apXns\
A\pam\nsSpphm Ignbn. am{Xa Xpcobm\p`hw Hcp {]Xn`
bpa. Cu temIns Imcyhpw As\XsbmWv. ImWp
temIw \ndw, aWw, cpNn, kv]iw, i_vZw Fo [fmWv.
Fm Cu temIns A[njvTm\ambncnp [nsb {]Xy
ambn AdnbmXpsImv A\pam\ndnbphm\pw Ignbpn. A\p
am\nWsan AXp apt A\p`hnncnWw. Bm\p`hw \ap
nmXpsImv \mw A\pam\npXpw DulnpXpw shdpw
kev]hnIev] am{XamWv. Cmcyw a\nemWw.
32
AdnhXp [nsbb [amao
bcpfnb [nbZriyamIbmte
[c apXembhsbmpan Xmp
smcp hSnhmadnhptXmntSWw.
AdnhXp \mw AdnbpXp
[nsbb Adnhns A[njvTm\amb
[nsbb.
[amw [sfbmWv.
Cu Acpfnb [n ChnsS ]dbp [n
AZriyw BIbmte C{nbtKmNctam at\mtKmN
ctam AmXn\m
[c apXembh ]rYnhn, Pew, An, hmbp,
BImiw apXembh
Hpw C [ BbXpsImv ]c
amn CmXmWv.
Xmp {]m]nI[smw
Xmmbncnp
Hcp hSnhmw Htcsbmcp B[mcw am{Xamb
Adnhv DXv Adnhp am{XamWv DXv.
HmntSWw Cu clkyw HmntSWw.
[smw CSw sImSpp [n ImWmadbmWv
hnpXv. [nsb ImWm Ignbpn Fp ]dbpXv
Hcp aXhnizmkns ASnm\ne. Hcp ssItekpIjWw
FSpm, AXp \nnncnpXp \qep sImm sW nepw \mw
AXv ssIte km sWt ]d bp I bp ffq. FpsImsm, \qep
I \nch[n tNv Hcp ]pXnb cq]s ssIsImtm AXv
ssItekmbn amdn. DZmlcWn\v Hcp ]qshSpm, B ]qhns
\ndw, aWw, BImcw CsXms \apv C{nb{KmlyamWv. Fm
\ndw ]qhmtWm? A Fp ]dtbn hcpw. aWw ]qhmtWm? A
FpXs Dcw. AXns amhw ]qhmtWm? AXpw ]qh.
]ns, Chsbmw FmWv? ChbmWv [. Fm [fpw
tNnWn hcptm AXp ]qhmbn amdpp. ]ns, FmWv
]qshv tNmZnm, Cu [sfsbmstb \apv Nqnm
Wnm Ignbq. ChnsS [nbmbncnp ]qhv AZriyambncn
pp.
\Xpt]mse hnNmcw sNph\p am{Xta CXp a\nemIq. Am
h [fpsS sIp]mSns]v Ducntmcm\mImsX hnj
anpsImncnpw. temIns nXnbpw As\XsbmWv . Adn
hns Htcsbmcp hSnhp am{Xta Dq. B hSnhns\ adphpsIm
mWv `qanbpw shhpw Impw Xobpw BImihpsamw \fpsS
ImgvNhntep hcpXv. Chsbmw [fpsS m\v
\nphbmWv . Adnhv Hpam{XamWv [nbmbncnpXv . hSnhv
F hmv Kpcphns IrXnIfn khntijmn {]tbmKnp
XmWv . hSnhn\v Cwojn subsratum Fp ]dbpw. Cu hSnhmWv
Fmnsbpw B[mcambncnpXv v Fp a\nemWw.
33
Adnhp \nPnXnbndnnSm\mbv
c apXemb hn`qXnbmbn Xmt\
adnbpahbntednamdn hw
XncnbpaemXkaw XncnnSpp.
Adnhv [nbmb Adnhv
\nPnXn kzw \nesb
CdnnSm\mbv kzbta A\p`hndnbm\mbn
[c apXemb `qan apXemb
hn`qXnbmbn Xmt\ ]`qXfmIp [sf
kzbw ssIsmpsImv
adnbpw Ahbn Ne\mIamb Hchbn
Gdn amdn hw Xncnbpw Gdnbpw amdnbpw Npnncnbp
AemXkaw Xosmffn Idptm Dm
Ip Xoheb{]XoXnt]mse
XncnnSpp Adnhn IdnsmncnpXn
\m {]]{]XoXn tXmnp
p.
Adnhv Htckabw ssXnIhpw Ne\mIhpamWv. AXns
_mlyhip\np t\mptm Adnhn\p ]eXcnepff cq]
t`Zfpw `mht`Zfpw kw`hnpsImncnpXmbn ImWmw.
Adnhns\ Bgn t]mbn Adnm ssXnIamb Hcp kmn
bpsS \nebmbncnpw. krjvSn Fp ]dbpXv AdnhnsXs
Nme\{]{InbbpsS XpSamWv. Adnhn AKXambncnp
Cmin aqeamWv krjvSn{]{Inbv XpSw IpdnpXv. krjvSn
s krjvSnPmesmw Adnhn\npw A\yYmIcn Hcp
tXmen\v CShcppp.
AXns\bmWv Pohs Akzmyw Fp ]dbpXv. kIe
PohPmefnepw Cu Akzmyw ImWmw. \nPnXn Adnbp
thmfw Cu Akzmyw \ne\nevpw. \nPnXn Adnm Fmw
kzamIpw. {]]Ne\w DmIptXmSpIqSn PohPme
hn{`mnbn AIsSpp. Hcp Xosmn FSpv Npgnbm
Xosmn kcnp hrmImcn apgph\pw Xo Insm
ncnpXpt]mse tXmpw. sImnbpsS sXpam{Xta Xobp
q Fp \apdnbmw. Fmepw \psS Ins\ Ftm Hv
NXnppv. imkv{Xw Cu sXns\ optical illusion FmWv
]dbmdv. {im\znXambn hnthN\\m]qw a\\w sNbvXmte Adn
hns \nPnXnsb {]m]nm IgnbpIbpq. AXphsc {]]
ns {`amIXbn \fpw IpcpntmIpw.
34
Acs\mSnbmZnbcmfnbmnSpw tX
cpcpfXntednbpcpnSpp temIw
Adnhne\mZnbXmbv \SnSpw X
XncphnfbmSensXdnntSWw.
Acs\mSn BZn kabns Ghpw sNdnb
am{XIfmb
Acmfn BnSpw BcmepItfmSp IqSnb
tXcpcpfXn Gdn cYN{In Ibdn
DcpnSpp DcppsImncnpXmWv temIw
temIw.
Adnhn Bkbn
A\mZn AXmbv ImemXoXambn
\SnSpw \SpsImncnp
X XncphnfbmS Bmhns Znhy\S\w am{XamWv.
CsXv Cu temIw Fp
AdnntSWw t_m[yspsImWw.
temIw \fntev ISphcpXv A\p`hfpsS \pdppI
fmbmWv . F{Xsb{X ZriyfmWv amdnamdn a\neqsS ISpt]mIp
Xv. Hc\p`hw Dnepw shfnbnepw Htct]mse Xn\nptm
AXns\ Acs\mSn Fp ]dbpw. Fp ]dm ham\Ime
n am{Xta A\p`hn\v \ne\npq. ASpWw thsdmc
\p`hw ham\Imentep ISphcpp. Atm sXmpappm
bncp A\p`hw `qXImens sNntev ]nhmpp. Hc\p`hw
ham\Imen \ne\nptmXs `mhnbn C\n hmcm\n
cnp A\p`hns km[yX Xmdmbncnppv . CXns\sbms
\nb{np \nbaw FmsWp tNmZnm XnIpw Atbamb
Hcp Xen \psS a\psNv DSn\npw.
temIns Cu Nm{InIamb Ne\mIXsb Hcp cYN{I
nt\mSmWv Kpcp D]anncnpXv. ChnsS temIs (space)
Imen (time) \npw `nnnmsXbmWv Kpcp ]dbpXv. cY
N {I ns Bc m ep Isf Ime ns am{X Ifmbn Fp p.
Hmtcm Bcmepw `qansb kv]inptm AsXmcp ham\
Imem\p`hambn. B Bcm ]nmpdtp t]mIptm
AXp `qXImeambn. hcm\ncnp BcmepI `mhnImens
kqN\IfmWv. C{Xbpw at\mlcamb Hcp D]a thsdsbhnsSbpw
Ism Ignbpn. D]\njpfn Nne Ahy ]cmai
Ds Imcyw adpn. Adnhn \SpsImncnp
Cu cYN{Ikam\amb Xncnnens\ Bmhns Xncphnfbmam
bnmWv hntijnnncnpXv. {]]w FXv inhs \S\am
sWv ssihknmnI IcpXpp. Cu {]]\S\w Fp
XpSnsbp DulnsSpm IgnbpIbn. A\mZnbmsWv \nK
anmt\ Hq. PohnXns Cu \St\mhn \appw ]p
tNp \ramSm IgnbWw. \psS Ir{XnaKuchfpsS s]m
c Atm XIphogpw. Bm\p`hn AXpsImv \S\
ss`chXsbmWv.
35
Hcp ]Xn\mbncamZntXbscmmbv
hcphXpt]mse hcpw hnthIhrn
Adnhns\ aqSpa\nXyambbmao
bncpfns\bosgpamZnkqcy\t{X.
Hcp ]Xn\mbncw Hcp ]Xn\mbncw
BZntXb kqcym
Hmbv hcphXpt]mse HnpZnm FXpt]mse
hcpw kw`hnpXmWv
hnthIhrn Bt_m[w.
Adnhns\ aqSpw Adnhns ]qXsb s]mXn
p\np
A\nXyambbmw \nXyam amb BIp
Cu Ccpfns\ Cu Am\amIp Ccpns\
Cusgpw ]nfpamn DZnpbcp
BZnkqcy\t{X BZnkqcy\mWv Bt_m[w.
Bm\p`hs `mjbneqsS hyhlcnpXcm BhpIbn.
hymhlmcnI`mjbn Bmhn\p Xpeyambn HpwXs C.
aqI\mb Hcm BZyambn ]kmc XnpIbmsWn B A\p
`hw Fs\ thsdmcmv ]dpsImSpm Ignbpw? AtXt]m
sebp HchbmWv B m\nbptSXv. Fmepw \mcmb
WKpcp a\pjyta[sb `mthmzeamp HcpZmlcWw FSpp
ImWnpp.
Adnhv shfn am Wv . Hcp kq cys shfn w sIm p Xs Cu
`qa Wv U ew apgp h {]Im i ]q cn X am Ip p. Fm Hcp ]Xn \m
bncw kqcy m Hn p Zn p I bm sW n Ccp ns Hcp sNdp I
Wn I p t]mepw ChnsS \n n bn m Xm Ipw. AXp t]m se
bmWv Bkqcy\pZnm Am\ntXmb AImcn\v
\psSbpn \nebpdnm IgnbmsX t]mIpXv. Adnhns\
aqSn bn cn p ambm aq Sp ]Sw Xpcv BZn a amb B kq cys
{]Imiw shfn hm Ip Nn{Xw Imhy kp camWv . Cu `mhp I Xz aq
dp Nn{Xw \psS Hmtcm cp cp tSbpw Dn Hfn n cn p
A\km[yXIsf Zo]vXamm t]mcpXmWv. Kpcphns A
cm \p `q Xn bm Wv Cu tmI n se {] ta bw.
36
Adnhn\p inb\apnsXm
adpXnbnSmw kab\ysbnhw
Ccp]ncnhmbnXne\ykmayamp
pcphneap sXfnpWntSWw.
Adnhn\p tIheamb Adnhn\v
in A\apv A\amb inIfpv.
CsXmw Cu inIsfsbmw
ka A\y Fnhw ka Fpw A\y Fpap
Ccp]ncnhmbv cp `mKfmbn
AdpXnbnSmw XcwXncnp a\nemmw.
CXn Cu ]ncnhn
A\ykmayamp A\ybpw kabpw Hcpt]mse
ka\zbnncnp
Dcphn kzcq]n
Aav A\p`hkmbpPyw Isn
sXfnv kwibsfmw ]mtS t]mbn
DWntSWw DWncnWw.
Adnhns Ne\mIX Ah[nbnmXmWv. AXns km[y
XI F{Xam{Xapsv \apv FnnsSpm\mhn. AXp
sImv Adnhn\p in A\apv. Fmepw kXymt\zjI\mb
HcmfpsS Ah[mcWn\mbn Kpcp ]dpsImSppp. Cu in
Iv s]mXpth cp Xcnepff kz`mhfmWpXv. Cs\
hIXncnp a\nemptm BZys in On{ZinbmWv.
cmatXv GIoIcWinbmWv. On{Zin kYm Ieln
psImncnpw. B[p\nIa\ximkv{Xn CXns\ negative
mind FmWv ]dbpXv. t_m[nXs Ccnp sFIys
Sm\pff DuNme\amWv positive mind.
Cu tmIn Kpcp kzoIcnncnp kwI A\y
Fpw ka FpamWv. temIhpambn XmZmysncnp \m\m
Xz{`aw Dfhmp _pnbmWv A\y. AXpsImmWXv Ielnp
Xv. Fm, B\njvTamb _pnbmWv ka. AXv IqSpX
kvt\lnsbpw ImcpWynsbpw ka\zbnsbpw hgnbmWv.
Cu cp in Ifpw Adnpw Adn bm tXbpw \ fn sems
{]hnppv. ]t, Ch cpw {]mIrXnIamb inIfmWv.
AXpsImv A\ybpw kabpw _tlXpIamWv. Kpcp ]dbpXv
BkmmXvImcntev AWbWsan Hcp Lw IqSn apt
tdXpv. A\ypw kapw CSw sImSpp Hcp A[njvTm\ap
v. B A[njvTm\w Adnhns tIheXbmWv. B A[njvTm\s
Kpcp ChnsS \maIcWw sNbvXncnpXv A\ykmay FmWv.
B A\y km ay bn Aa cp Xn eqsS \mw Aa c \m bn o cp p.
AXn\mbn \nse XrjvWIsfmw HSptXmbnpv. At_m[
n Hfn p In S p Ima t{Im [ tem` t{]c W I Fmw
HgnpXocWw. Atm Dw sXfnhpXmbnocpw. B sXfn
hn Ftmgpw DWncnWw.
37
hnjaXbmsgpa\y shpsImhm
hnjaaJWvUhnthIinsbty
hnjasb shXn\m hnthIamIpw
hnjbhntcm[n\ntbmSWntSWw.
hnjaXbmsgpw A\y A\y F in hnjaXI
DmpXmWv.
shpsImhm hnjaw CXns\ adnISphm hfsc
{]bmkamWv.
AJWvUhnthIinsbty Fm AJWvUhnthIin
bpsn km[npw.
AXn\m AXpsImv
hnjasb shv A\ybmIp hnjasb AXn
hnv
hnthIamIpw AJWvUhnthIamIp
hnjbhntcm[n\ntbmSv hnjbns ]enm
Bt_m[tmSv
AWntSWw tNncpntSWw.
A\ysb Pbnphm hnjaamWv. Xn\nv Fmnt\bpw
A\yambn AdnbpXmWv A\yYm{KlWw. Cu {]]w apgph\pw
Xn \nv A \y am sW dn bp tm Abm fn Dm Ip
BZys Ah Zmcn{ZyamWv. Ans A`mhw am{Xa
Zmcn{Zyw. Cmbv a a\ ns\ _m[n p Xp S p n S p \n mWv
Zmcn{Zyw XpSpXv. Atm temIw apgph XtXmWsa
B{Klw Abmfn P\npw. AXmWv Abmsf Zcn{Z\mpXv.
As\ Abm temIPohnXn \Sp ]cn{ia apgp
h, FsmsbmtWm Xn\nv A\yambncnpXv AXns\
sbmw XtXmpXn\pthnbmWv. Cu apgph \mKcnIXbp
tSbpw hnIk\w As\sbmcp Zmcn{Zyn\nmWv \SpsIm
ncnpXv. kpJw XncbpXpt]mepw temIhnjbfnemWv.
AXns ImcWw, BZytaXs \mw temIs \n\npw A\y
amnbXpsImmWv.
Cu A\yXzap _pnsb Pbnphm Htcsbmcp hgntbbpffq.
Rm AJWv Ut_m[kzcq]\msWdnbpI. Rm ]q\msW
dnbpI. Rm \mianmh\msWdnbpI. CXns\bmWv hnthIw
Fp ]dbpXv . hnthtImZbw Dmbm hnjbsshjayn\n
p apn Xmt\ kw`hnpsImpw. sshcmKyw _ew ]nSnp Dm
nsbSpt H. kpJhkv Xphntev a\v Nenpt]mIpXv
kzm`mhnIamWv . Fm hnthIw DmIptm Fm kpJfptS
bpw \ntIX\w BmhpXsbmsWv Ah Adnbpp. Atm
kzm`mhnIambnXs Ah hnjbhntcm[nbmbn `hnpp. hntcm[
anm hntcm[n Fp a\nemWw.
38
]ehn[ambdnbpX\ysbmmbv
hnekphXmw kasbp taentemXpw
\nesbbdnp \nhp kmaytaepw
Iebneenp IencpntSWw.
]e hn[ambv AdnbpXv Adnhns GIXsb ]eXmbn
AdnbpXv
A\y A\ybmWv.
Hmbv hnekphXmw kIeXnt\bpw Hmbn AdnbpXv
ka kabmWv
Fv taen temXpw CXns ASnm\n C\n
hniZoIcnm t]mIp
\nesb Adnv FhnsSbmWv \nebpdnt
sXp a\nemn
\nhv t_m[s CcpinIfn
\npw \nhnnv
kmaytaepw Iebn A\ybpw kabpw HptNcp
\Sp\nebn
Aenv kzbw AenptNv
IencpntSWw B A\p`qXnbn Ftmgpw
PohnpsImWw.
A\y FmsWpw ka FmsWpw \nhNnpXmWv Cu
]Zyw. Adnhv \m\mXzntepw GIXzntepw Nenp kz`m
htmSpIqSnbXmWv . Adnhns Cu KXobXsb (dynamism) Hcp
DZmlcWneqsS a\nemmw. Hcp kqcyciv ansb Hcp {]nkneqsS
ISnhnSpIbmsWn AXv k]vXhambn NnXdnncnbpXp
ImWmw. Fm At\Ikqcyciv anIsf Hcp sekneqsS ISnhn
m AsXmcp _nphn hp tI{oIcnpXpw ImWmw. CtX
t]msebmWv Adnhv GIXm\amIpXpw _lpkzcnXamIpXpw.
]mmXyNnIfn tIpt]mcp hntjWw (analysis) Adn
hns A\y F Xehpambn _sXmWv. Fm kwtjWw
(synthesis) Adnhns ka F inbmWv. Ch cn GsX
nepw Hn\p {]m[m\yw sImSppsImp Hcp Pohn X ho
W s b Kpcp hnI kn n s Sp p Xv . Chbv p cn\pw Ah
bp tS Xmb kmwK Xy fp v . {]k n bp v . kasb D] tbm Kn
t n Sv kasb D] tbm Kn p hm\pw A\ysb D] tbm Kn t
n Sv A\ysb D] tbm Kn p hm\pw Adn bp h \mWv tbmKn.
As\ cp {[ph tfbpw Ipi e X tbm Sp IqSn D] tbm Kn W
sa n \mw \psS Dsb Hcp \Sp \n e bn \ndpt Xm bn
p v . B \Sp \n e bmWv kmay taepw Ie. B Ie bn Aen p
tNv AXm bn X s bn cn Ww. ChnsS Zzzm Xo X \m bn ocp
tbmKn IXr Xz m Xr Xzt`mrXz tZmj fn\n smw
hnap \m bn cn pw.
39
Acpfnb inIsfpSp cmw
]ncnhnhbn kaXhntijtaIw
hncXn hcm hnjamhntijsamn
canh cp XcnembnSpp
Acpfnb apIfn ]d
inIsf XpSv cp inIsf XpSphcp
cmw ]ncnhv cp ]ncnhpIIqSn Dv.
Chbn Cu ]ncnhpIfn
GIw Hv
kaX hntijw kabpsS hntijamWv
Hv thsdmv
hncXn hcm Aanm
hnjamhntijw A\ybpsS hntijamWv.
Ccw Cs\
cp Xcn cp XcnemWv
Ch ]ncnhpI
BbnSpp BbncnpXv.
ka F insbpdnpw A\y F insbpdnpw Hcp
GItZi hnhcWw Ign aqp ]ZyfneqsS \Ingnp.
Fm IpdpIqSn hym]vXnbn Adnhns Cu inIsfpdnv
a\nemtXpv. kapw A\ypw kmam\yw (general) hnti
jw (particular) F Xcn hopw Hcp D]hn`P\w Bhiyambn
hncnpp. kmam\yw Fm Fmnt\bpw HnsSpv ]dbp
Xns\bmWv hntijw Fm AXntesXnepw Hns\ {]tXyIn
sSpp ]dbpXns\bmWv. hmg FXv Hcp kmam\y]ZamWv.
]qhhmg, IZfnhmg, Ihmg Fnh hntij]ZfmWv . hntij
tNmWv kmam\yw Dm Ip Xv . Fm Nne tm
kmam\yhpw hntijambnocm\nSbpv . hrw F kmam\ys
FSppIbmsWn At\Ihrfn HmWv hmg. Atm hmg
hntijambnocpp. Fm kmam\yfpsSbpw kam\m[nIcWam
bncnp (common basis) HmWv Adnhv F hnh. Atm
kasbXs kmam\yka, hntijka Fpw, A\ysbXs kmam\y
A\y, hntij A\y Fpw ]ncnp]dtbnhcpw. C\n hcp tmI
fn Cmcyw DZmlcWklnXw hyamppv .
40
kabnepa\ybnepw kZm]n hn
acphXpXXn hntijin
AanXbXmInepamsI cnhn
{`aIebmeJnew {]tabamIpw.
kabnepw A\ybnepw kaoIcnp Adnhnepw A\y
YmIcnp Adnhnepw
kZm]n Ftmgpw
AXXn hntijin kav kabpsS hntij
inbpw A\yv A\ybpsS
hntijinbpw
hnv AacphXpv HptNp \nmdpv.
AanXbXmInepw hntijinI FnbmsemSp
mhbmsWnepw
BsI cnhn BsIIqSn t\mnbm Cu
cp ]ncnhpIfptSbpw
{`aIebm {ZpXNe\w ImcWamWv
AJnew kIe temIhpw
{]tabamIpw Adnhn\p hnjbo`hnpXv.
Hcp hkvXphns\pdnp kmam\yambpw hntijambpw \ap
dnbm Ignbpw. kmam\ym\n Hcp GItZi[mcWtb Inp
Ibpq. hntijm\n hkvXphns\ kw_n IrXyamb
AdnhpI e`npp. Hcm \tmSv sNSn Inptm Fp tNmZn
pIbmsWn \mw DSs\Xs Hcp adptNmZyw Atmp tNmZn
pw: GXp sNSn? sNSn Hcp kmam\ym\amWv. B kmam\y
n At\Iw hntij\ma DSnbncnppv. Atm
kqcyImnsSn Inptm? Fp {]tXyInsSpp tNmZnm
Abmv a\nemIpw. IrXyamb Adnhv Abmv e`npp. CXp
t]mse Hcp Ipp hfphcptm temIs kw_n hnti
jm\p`hsf kzmbamphmthnbmWv At\mSpw A
tbmSpw tNmZy tNmZnpXv.
ka F Adnhnepw A\y F Adnhnepw Cs\ kmam\yw
Fpw hntijw Fpw D cp ]ncnhpIsfn Ign ]Zy
n kqNn n p htm? Cu hnti j i n I Ftmgpw kmam
\y tmSptNv hn m dp v . Fn bm semSp m Xc n
ep hnti j fmWv Hmtcm hkv Xp m \nepw Ccn p Xv .
Hcp ]qhn s\ X s FSpp ]cn tim [n p t\m p tm Hcm bncw
tNmZy B ]qhns\ kw_ np \ap dn bm B{K l ap m
Ipw. B ]qhns \ndw, aWw, BIr Xn, PmXn F{X Imew B ]qhv
Pohn pw? AsX s\ bmWv ]cm KWw \S p Xv ? Cs\ XpS
p tNmZy Fn bm sem Sp m Xm Wv . kmam \y n\pw
hnti j n\pw CS bn Adnhv Gdn am dn n cn bp p v . \mw AX
dn bm dn sp am{Xw. Hcp hv Nnd I Sn p Xn t\ m {ZpX K Xn
bn emWv Adn hns Cu {]{Inb \S p Xv . Adn hn \S p
Cu `m\hrn apJmcamWv temInepsXmw \apv {Kmly
am bn o cp Xv . ASp cp tmI n Cmcyw DZm l c W
k lnXw Kpcp hy am p p.
41
CXp IpSsaXnemZy amansXp
Xp hnjam IpStam hntijamIpw
aXn apXemb atl{Pmeapm
hXn\nXpXm Icpshp IntSWw.
CXp IpSw FXn CXp IpSamIpp Fp ]dbptm
BZyamw BZyw ]d
CXv FpXv CXv FXpsImv DtinpXv
hnjam kmam\yamb A\ysbbmWv.
IpStam Ip Sw F hmp sImv A
ampXv
hntijamIpw A\ybpsS hntijcq]nep
AdnhmWv.
aXn apXemb AcWhrnIfpsS
atl{Pmew C{Pmew t]msebp {]XoXnI
DmhXn\v DmIpXn\v
CXp Xm CXv F A\ybpsS kmam\y
inbmWv
Icpshv ImcWambncnpXv Fp
IntSWw a\nemnsmWw.
CXphsc ]d A\ybpsS kmam\yw, hntijw F Xc
nep {]h\s \fpsS \nXyPohnXnse Hcp DZmlc
WneqsS Kpcp hyamncnIbmWv. CXp IpSw, CXp ]Sw
Fsms \mw ]dbmdptm. Cu hmIys \mw icnbmbn A]
{KYnp t\mnbnptm? Hcm \ntfmSv CXv F hmp
]dp \ndppIbmsWn \psS Dn Hcp BImw apn
\np p m bn cn pw. AXp tNmZy ambn ]pd p h cpw. \mw
tNmZnpw CXv FmWv? Fv. CXv F kmam\ym\n
Fa hntijm\ DSnbncnppv.
CXp IpSamImw. CXp aTamImw, CXp ]SamImw, CXp ]pm
Imw, CXp aebmImw...... Cs\ CXv F kmam\yn\nv F
a hntijm\ DmIpp. CXv F kmam\yt_m[w Cu
temInse kIehn[ \macq]tfbpw K`w [cnphncnp
pv. Atm CXv Fp ]dbpXv kn\pw Pw sImSp
p P\\nbmWv. a\v, _pn, Nnw, Almcw Cu Ac
WhrnI smw IcphmbncnpXpw CXmWv. Cmcyw hfsc
kqvaXtbmSpIqSn a\nemt HmWv.
42
CZadnshXnemZyamansXp
Xp ka, Xs hntijamWp t_m[w
aXn apXembhsbms amdn ta kZv
KXn hcphm\nXns\`PnntSWw
CZw Adnhv FXn CXv AdnhmWv F hmIyn
BZyamw CZw FXpsImampXv
ka kabpsS kmam\yinsbbmWv
Xs kmam\yinbmb kabpsS
hntijamWv hntijm\amWv
t_m[w Adnhv FpffXv.
aXnapXembhsbms AcWhrnIsfms
amdn CmXmbn
ta Fmn\pw D]cnbp
kZvKXn hcphm kXy\njvT hcphm
CXns\ kabpsS kmam\yamb Adnhns\
`PnntSWw CShnSmsX [ym\nWw.
Cu tmIn ka F Adnhns insb DZmlcWk
lnXw hniZoIcnpIbmWv . CXv Adnhv F hmIyn CXv F
kmam\yhpw Adnhv F hntijhpw {]ISo`hnnpv . Ign DZm
lcWstmse s]sp a\nemm Ignbp Hcp DZmlcW
a CXv . ImcWw [ym\mIamb a\psImp am{Xta Cu hmIy
ns As AXns kv ]jv Samb An {Klnphm
IgnbpIbpq.
Hmbn AdnbpXmWv ka. As\bmsWn ChnsS ]d
bp Adnhv Htbpq. Rms\mcp hkvXphns\ ImWpp, Hcp
i_vZs tIpp, Hcp {]tXyI aWs {LmWnpp, ckw
cpNnpp, kv]iw kv]inpp, Chsbms AdnhpIfmWv.
Rm Hcp tdmkm]qhns\ ImWpp F hmIyn Rm ImWp
h, ImWsSp hkvXphmb tdmkm]pjv]w, Fsbpw tdmkm
]pjv]tbpw tNp ImW F {]{Inb C{Xbpw Imcy
sf hyhtZndnbphm IgnbWw. Atm ImW, tI,
kv]in, cpNn, Nnn CsXmw AdnhmWv.
CXnse Adnhns\ am{Xw \ GIambn AdnbWw. Htcsbmcp
AdnhmWv ImgvNbmbpw kv]iambpw Hs hcpXv. Adnhns
sFIys hntijnnsSpv a\nemm IgnbpIbmsWn
_pnbn kw`hnpsImncnp {`amIX ]mtS t]mbvt]m
Ipw. km bn cn p Adn hn \njv T ssIh cpw. AXp sImv
Ftmgpw Fdnbptmgpw CXdnhv...CXdnhv...CXdnhv... Fv `Pn
psImncnWw. Fmw Adnhp am{Xw. Adnhn \n\yambn
Hpan. Atm \appw kZvKXn hcpw.
43
{]IrXn ]nSnp NpgnSpw {]Imcw
kpIrXnIt]mepatlm! NpgnSpp!
hnIrXn hnSpXn\mbn the sNbvho
eIrXn ^em{KladnntSWw.
{]IrXn {]IrXnbpsS
]nSnpNpgnSpw {]Imcw iamb Npgnbns]p Itcdm
\mImsX
kpIrXnIt]mepw Nne kmkmcnIt]mepw
Atlm! NpgnSpp! \neInmsX \wXncnbpp.
BcywXs!
hnIrXn hnSpXn\mbv I_w hnpInpXn\mbn
the sNbvhoe AIrXn \njv{Inb\mbncnpXv Xtam
KpWhn\nbmb AIrXnbmWv.
^em{Klav hnlnXI ^teIq
SmsX sNpIbpw
AdnntSWw kmncq]n hn
pIbpw thWw.
{]IrXnsb \ kwkmc`mjbn ]dbmdp An
e ChnsS a\nemtXv. {]m]nIkbn \Sp Fm
{InbIfptSbpw Npm ]nSnpXv {]IrXnbmWv. AsXmcp \nb
aamWv. B \nbas ewLnphm IgnbpIbn. ewLnm Cc
nintbmsS AXp XncnSnpw. Cu {]IrXn Hmtcm Pohnbnepw
hyXykvXamsWnepw Fmnt\bpw Hcp hyhbn sImph
cp A\pcW\mIX {]IrXnbn BIth \ndncnppv.
AXns\ [w FmWv hnfnpXv. {]IrXnbn Xsbp cp
Xcw ]nSnhenIfpv. Hv NnXdnsdnpt]mIp in. B i
nbpambn XmZmysv a\pjy\Sapff Fm PohnIfpw he
bpIbmWv sNpXv. Fm [ns amneqsS [n
sb AdnpsImp GImIamb Hcp bm\apv. AXp Pohn
Xs DZmoIcnpXmWv. B hgnbneqsS kcnptmgpw
hopw \s On{ZinI BtjnpsImncnpw. AXns\
hnIrXn FmWv ]dbpXv. hnIrXnbpsS ]nSnbns]m AXn\n
pw Ducntmcm \njv{InbXztam AekXtbm Ahew_npIb
thXv.
Nnev Fsnepw ZpxJapmhpIbmsWn Ah ivaim
\sshcmKnIsftmse Hpw sNmsX HcnSp NSpIqSn Ccn
pXp ImWmw. AhcpsS ZpxJw \njv{InbXzw ]menXpsImv
Xocpn. imcocnIambp \njv{InbXzw Dsnepw am\knIambn
Ahv hnIrXnbn\npw hnpt]mcm Ignbmdn. Hpw sNm
XncnpXv AIrXnbmWv. hfsc ^ehmb Hcp amw Kpcp D]
tZinpXcpp. {]IrXnbnse \nba Fm PohnIfpw A\pk
m\w sNWw. AXn\npw Hgnpamdm IgnbpIbn. Zmln
p h shw IpSn Ww. hni p h Aw Ign Ww.
CsXmw BhiyfmWv. Pohnp PohnIsmw Cu Bhiy
\ndthdpIbpw thWw. AXn\pthn Iw sNWw. I
Rm sNpp F `mhw ]mSn. Isfmw {]IrXnbp
tSXmWv . Rm\mWv Iw sNpsXp `mhnpIbmsWn I
fpsS ^en F\nv BImwbpw kwKhpw DmIpw. AXp
_\amWv . AXpsImmWv kpIrXnIt]mepw _\n\v ASn
sSpXv.
\ I sNphcmWv kpIrXnI. hoSnm Hcmv
hoSpmnsmSppXv Hcp \bmWv. ]t Rm hoSpmn
sImSpp F Nn \s Almccq]n _npw. AXp
sImv {]IrXnbn\npw tamNnXcmIm B{Klnph \
IfpsS IXrXzn\npw No IfpsS IXrXz
n\npw tamNnXcmIWw. Fnp ^tebnmsX Iw sN
Ww. Atm Iw sNpI Fpt]mepw ]dbm IgnbpIbn.
{]IrXnbpsS Iw AXns hgnp \Spp. \mw AXns\mw
kmnbmbncnpIbpw sNpp. AXmWp PohnXn\p apn
\Ip Htcsbmcp {]{Inb.
44
]eaXkmchptaIsap ]mcm
XpeInsemcm\bnesct]mse
]ehn[bpn ]dp ]macm
cehXp IebmXantSWw.
]eaXkmchpw ]eXmb hyhm]nXaXfp
sSsbmw kmcw
GIw HpXsbmWv.
Fv ]mcmsX CXp a\nemmsX
DeIn temIn
Hcm\bn Hcp B\sbn
Asct]mse Am XnpXpt]mse
]ehn[bpn ]dv ]eamXncnbpff hmZ Dbnv
]macm Adnhnm P\w
AehXp Iv eyt_m[anmsX Npnncn
bpXpIv
AebmsX \mw Ahsctmse AebmsX
AantSWw Bt_m[ns A`n{]mb`n
Xbnm hyXbn \ne
sImn tSWw.
F{Xsb{X aXfmWv Cu `qapJpXv. t]scSpp ]d
bmhp {]knamb aXhn`mK {InkvXpaXw, CmwaXw, lnp
aXw, PqXaXw, _paXw, ssP\aXw, knpaXw, jntmaXw, Xmthm
aXw, I^yqjnb aXw, ]mknaXw ChsbmamWv. Ch IqSm
sXXs [mcmfw AhmcaXhn`mKfpv. Cu aXsfms
Fn\pthnbmWv ChnsS kwm]nXambnpffXv? Fm aX
fpw aptmp hbvp eyw HpXsbmWv. Cuizc Ht
bpq Asn kXyw Htbq Fv Fmhcpw ]dbpp.
AtXmsSmwXs aXns NqSpIpw A\pjvTm\pw
BNmcpw {]Xynepff hyXymk Ipt]mcpp
apv. AXpsImv kmam\yP\w AemnembncnpIbmWv. AXp
Xom\mWv Kpcp ChnsS ]dbpXv, ]eaXkmchpw GIw Fv.
Fm aX fp tSbp w kmcw HmsW v .
GsXmcp eyntemtWm aXw DupXv, B eyw Hp
XsbmWv. AXmWv aXns kmcw. Fm \ZnIfpw ISenX
sbmWv sNptNcpXv. GXp hgnIfneqsS kcnmepw Ah
km\w Cuizc\nXs \ ebnpw. ]t, a\pjy CXdn
bmdn. B\sb ImWmt]mb IpcpSmsctmsebmWv ChnsSbp
BfpI kwkmcnpXv. Hcp IpcpS ]dbpp, B\ Nqep
t]msebmsWv. thsdmcp IpcpS ]dbpp, B\ ]\Snt]mse
bmsWv. C\nsbmcp IpcpS ]dbpp, B\ apdwt]msebmsW
v. IpcpS\v B\sb ImWm Ignbntm? Ah B\bpsS Hmtcm
AhbhsbmWv ]nSnpt\mnbXv. Ah Fnt \nKa\
sbmWv Ah ]dbpXv. Fm B\sb Pohnsb apgph
\mbpw Ahp ImWm Ignbn. AXpsImv Hmtcmtcm bpn
I ]dv Ah Xnpp.
aXfpsS Imcynepw Cu amXncn X \SpXv
\ tIpt]mcmdpXmWv. Bbncw hjancpp Xnmepw
Hcp ]cnlmchpw Cu XmnImnSbn DmIphm t]mIp
n. \mw AXpsImv Xsamw Ahkm\nnv aXns kmcw
Acmmhn A\p`hndnbWw. Atm AXp imnbmWv....
AXv kam[m\amWv... AXp ]qXbmWv...AXv kvt\lamWv... AXv
B\amWv.... AXv kzmX{yamWv... AXp kmtlmZcyamWv....
45
Hcp aXa\y\p \nysamntemXpw
Icph]cs IWn\q\amIpw
[cbnenXns clkysampXms\
dnhfhpw {`asadnntSWw.
Hcp aXw A\y\p\nyw Hcp aXhnizmknv thsdmcp aX
hnizmks \nyambn tXmpp.
HntemXpw Icp Hcp aXn ]dbp kXyw
A]cs IWn\v asmcp aXhnizmknbpsS ho
Wn
Du\amIpw hnIeamWv.
[cbn temIn
CXns clkyw aXfpsSsbmw kmcambncn
p clkyw
HpXm HpXsbmWv.
F Adnhfhpw Cmcyw AdnbpXphsc,
{`aw kzaXhnizmkhpw CXcaX\nbpw
shdpw Nn{`aw am{Xambncnpw.
Fv AdnntSWw CXn t_m[hm\mbncnWw.
Fm aXfptSbpw kmcw GIamsWmWv Kpcp aptmph
bvp aXZi\ns Amcw. CXp ]dbptmgpw ChnsS \ne
hnencnp aXhyhlmcsf Kpcp IWnseSpmXncnpn.
Hcp aXhnizmknv thsdmcp aXhnizmknsb ]pamWv. Xs hnizm
kamWv icn, A]cs hnizmkw sXmWv Fsmcp [mcWbmWv
Fm aXIelpw bppw ImcWambncnpXv . thsdm
cphs aXhnizmkn AklnjvWpX ]pep at\m`mhw
Bimkya. {Inkv XpaXn kz\mb ]nXmhns\bmWv
kthizc\mbn ImWpXv. CmwaXn Amlphnt\bpw PqX
aXn btlmhtbbpw ]ctamX\mb \mY\mbn {]Ionp
p. `mcXn inht\bpw hnjvWphnt\bpw tZhntbbpw ]qPnp
aXhnizmkfpv . Chv ]ckv ]cw tNp Pohnm Ftm
Hcp {]bmkwt]msebmWv. CmwaXmc akvPnZnt]mbn \nkvI
cnpp. {InkvXym\n ]nbn t]mbn Ip_m\ ssIsmpp.
lnp t{Xn t]mbn {]mnpIbpw ]qPI \SpIbpw
sNpp.
Cu _mlyamb PohnX{Ias aXambn sXncnpt]mcp
Hcp P\X hfsc AklnjvWpXm]qw CXcaXs PohnX
{IatfmSv {]XnIcnp ImgvNbmWv \mw ChnsS ImWpXv.
Cu tmIn a\pjya\ns B kz`mhs FSppImWn
pIbmWv Kpcp sNpXv. aXfpsSsbmw kmcw HmsW
clkyw AdnbpXphsc a\pjy Imnqp Cu tIm{]mb
sfmw shdpw {`mmsWv XncndntbXmbnpv. aXclkyw
Adnbp Hcm Hcp {kjvSmhns Fm krjvSnItfbpw ka`mh
\ tbmsS ImWpw. kv t\l tm tSbpw lrZ bm \p `mh tm tSbpw
s]cpamdpw.
46
s]mcpXp PbnXkmysamnt\msSm
smcp aXhpw s]mcpXmsemSpphoe
]caXhmZnbntXmnSmsX ]mtg
s]mcpXp s]mennSpsa _pnthWw.
s]mcpXp PbnXv bpneqsS A\yaXs
tXmev]nmsapXv
Akmyw Akm[yamWv.
Hnt\msSmv Atmpw Ctmpw
s]mcpXm s]mcpXnsImv
Hcp aXhpw Hcp aXtbpw
HSpphoe Dqe\w sNm IgnbpIbn.
]caXhmZn Xs aXam aXtfm
sSms hntZzjaph
CXv HmnSmsX]mtg CXp a\nemmsX shdptX
s]mcpXp s]mennSpw s]mcpXn Xpept]mIpw
F _pn thWw F shfnhpmIWw.
aXw Pohn X n kam [m \hpw kv t\lhpw shfn hpw
]Ip sIm Sp t Hm Wv . GIo I c W ns hN \ fmWv
aXnepXv. B hN\w ssZhns GIXzs DdnpXpw
temI Po hnXw ssZth m {] Imcw \S n em s Sp Xm sWpw
t_m[y s Sp p Xpw Bbn cn pw. Cuiz cs C ka kv X Po h
PmefneqtSbpw \ndthdsSptm `qanbn kam[m\w kzm`m
hn I ambn h W bpw. Fm a\p jy ssZth sb \nd th dm
kXnmdn. Ah AhtXmbnp kzmamb eyfpw
Imgv N m Sp Ifpw sa\ s Spv AXn eqsS Ahs Hcp kmev ]n
I temIw krjv Sn m {ian p p. A s\ bmWv \ne \np
bmYmnXnIaXfnepw ]nSnhminIfpw imTyfpw IbdnqSm
CS bm b Xv . am{X a , aXm \p bm bn I fpsS Fw hn p Xn \
\p k cnv aX ns in hn p sa p sXmb Hcp [mcW
kaq l a \ n ep v . A s\ bmWv aX kwLSn X am Im XpS
n b Xv .
kwL Sn X aXw `qan bn A[n Im c n\pw A[o i Xz n\pw
thn CX c a X sc ]mtS Dq e\w sNm {ian n p Xpw
{ian p Xp amb Ncn{Xw \app ]cn Nn X am Wv . bqtdm n
Dmb Ipcn ip bp fpw Zn tW y bn ssihcpw sshjv W
hcpw Xn ep t]mcm fpw aX ns A{I tam p I a t\m `m
hs shfn hm p Xm Wv . CX c a Xm \p bm bn Isf sImp Xn
eqsS X fpsS aX n\p Pbnmw Fp Xn aX ns
Xz n\v \nc m Hcp sshcp yv .
ssZhw kvt\lamsWp ]dbpIbpw, B kvt\ls \ntj
[np bpfn aXw GsSpIbpw sNpXv aqeyhmb
PohnXw \bnm\m{Klnp a\pjyv kwLSnXaXtfmSp
Xs ]pw tXmphm CSbmnbncnpIbmWv. bYmaXw
kwLSnXtam hyhm]nXtam A. AXv a\pjy\pw ssZhhpw
Xnepff {]Wbm\znXamb PohnXamWv. AhnsS A\p`hkm{na
bpsS Hcp sFIyapv. B sFIyw ]cammZIcamWv. CsXmpw
AdnbmsX ]ckv]cw aSnp Nmhp sXcphp\mbvsftmse aXm
\pbmbnIfpw aXhmfpw Cu temIn s]cpamdpXv Gsd
IjvSamWv! Aev]w Dshfnaph Cs\bp t]mcSnp aX
KXobXsb t{]mmlnnpIbn.
47
Hcp aXamIphXnpcsXm
hcpanXp hmZnIfmcptamphoe
]caXhmZsamgn ]WvUnXm
cdnbpanXns clkyantijw.
Hcp aXamIphXnv ChnsS Hcp aXw am{Xta thq.
Fmhcpw Fm aXfnse BfpIfpw
DcXv CXv CXmWv ]dbpXv
CXv B aXw XfpsS aXambncn
Ww Fpff hmZw
hmZnIfmcpw aXhmZnIfmcpwXs
Hmphoe HmptXbn.
]caXhmZsamgn ap aXsXnsc hmZhnhmZ
sfmpw Cm
]WvUnXm m\nI
CXns clkyw aXhmZfpsS ]nnse Amc
hnlo\XbpsS anYymXzw
Cv Atijw ChnsS ]qambn
Adnbpw Adnbpp.
temIn Htcsbmcp aXw DmIWw. Atm Iel
sfmw Xocpw. CXp ]dbphsc kqnWw. AhcpsS a\nen
cnv XfpsS aXambncnWw B aXw FmWv. Hcp lnphns
B{Klw, Xs aXamWv temIn \ne\ntXv FmWv.
Fm Hcp {InkvXym\ntbm apkamt\m Nnnptm Ah
cpsS aXn\mWv B alna NmnsImSppXv. AXpsImv
aX ku lm fpw apw, Bfp I kwL Sn n p tm AXn
sems Hfnncnp Iptd \ncIXIfpv. kulmZw ]d
bphcmcpwXs AhcpsS ]nSnhminbpsS Dd NphSv amnhbvm
Xmd. AhchcpsS aXw Ahchv {]nbsXv Xsbmbncn
pp. ]t, temIPohnXn a\pjy ]ckv]cw _sp
Pohn tnhcp tm aX Po hn X nse sshIm cn I X I fp ambn
Adntm AdnbmsXtbm DckepI DmImdpv. sNdnsbmcp
Xosmcn Bbncnpw BZyw {]ISamhpI. ]ns, AXv BfnnSnpw.
`oIcamb \cta[fntephsc aXkwLj FnsSpXv
\mw Znhtk\ IpsImncnp \kXyfmWv. ssZhw GI
amsWpw Cu {]]nepff Fmw ssZhkrjvSnIfmsWpw
Acmmhn A\p`hndnbp m\nI aXhntZzjanmsX
am\hcminbpsS apgph sFIytbpw {]_esSpp I
fneqsS aXPohnXs Bhnjv Icnmdpv . AhscbmWv Kpcp ]Wv Un
Xm Fp hntijnnncnpXv. Ah ssZhs icnbmbnAdn
bpIbpw AXp shfnsSppIbpw sNpp.
48
X\phnea icocn, Xs km
X\phnesXsXnsXssXp kw
X\pXsbmgnp [cnnSpp kmm
e\p`himenIfmantXmnemcpw.
X\phn Aa imcocnIamb kzXzhpambn XmZm
ysp Ignncp
icocn Poh
Xs Xs
kmX\phn Bkbn
AsXtXv AXpw FtXmWv
CXv FtXv CXpw FtXmWv
Fv Fns\
kw Fmnt\bpw
X\pXsbmgnv aaXbnmsX
[cnnSpp AdnnSpp.
CtXmn Cmcyw a\nemnbm
Bcpw Bcpw
kmm kmm
A\p`himenIfmw A\p`himenIfmbnocpp.
Rm icocamWv F _pnbmWv \s Fmw _nn
p Alw_pn. Am\w \nanamWv \n Bt_m[w
{]IminmXncnpXv. icocns ]cnanXamb AkvXnXbn
Rm Fs a\nemptm Rm\m \nch[n icoc
Chn sS bp v . Ah sbmpw Rm\ . Fm Cu Am \
n\npw \app ]pdpISphm Cu hniznepff kIe
NcmNctfbpw Xs Dbn tNdnbpIbmsWn Abm
Bm\ nXsbmWv. Fsm HpwXs Xn\npw
A\yambn Abm Adnbpn.
BIm inepw A cn nepw `qanbnepsamw Rm\p v .
Fsm s bptm AsXmw Ft Xm Wv . FtXp am{X a
AsXmw Rm Xs bm Wv . Cs\ Hc dn hp m I W sa n
Fnse aaXmt_m[w Hgnpt]mIWw. X\pX HgnbWw. Bm
\p`hnIfmIm C{Xbpw sNbvXm aXn. Fmnt\bpw lrZbn
]pIpI. Atm hnizw apgph\pw \s Btjnpw. Bcpw
kmm A\p`himenIXs. Hcn Hcp sslq Ihn {]`m
Xkhmcnndnbtm ap s]ppmbncpp. IhnbpsS apf
smnbn aphoWv I\w hp. Atm Ihn sXmn Ducn
In ]nSnpsImv Hcp IppIhnX sNmn.
When I think of it
As my snow, how light it is
On my bamboo hat.
Fs apfwsXmnbnse lnahjs Fs ap]mfnI
Fdnbptm CXns\mcp `mchpantm! CXmWv X\pX Hgnp
[cnnSp hgn. Fmw FtsXp IcpXpI. t`Z_pn CmsX
Fmnepw kzw D ZinpI.
49
AJnecpamkpJn\mbv {]bXv\w
kIehpanp kZm]n sNbvXnSpp
PKXnbnenXtaIsap Nnn
LaWbmXIXmcantSWw.
AJnecpw Fmhcpw
BkpJn\mbv BkpJn\pthnbp
{]bXv\w {]bXv\w
kIehpw Cp Fmhn[nepw ChnsS
kZm]n sNbvXnSpp Ftmgpw sNbvXpsImncnpp.
PKXnbn temIn
CXw Cu aXw
GIw HpXsbmWv
Fp Nnnv Cu Nnsb Dunbpdnv
ALaWbmsX ZqjyNnIfn AIsSmsX
AIXm AcwKs
AantSWw Bmhnean hbvWw.
Fmhcpw Iw sNbvXpsImncnpXv kpJn\pthn
bmWv. kpJw thWsa Imcyn Hcp Xhpw CXs! lnp
hmbmepw {InkvXym\nbmbmepw apkam\mbmepw kpJw thWw.
sImSnb ]oU\fpw bmX\Ifpw A\p`hnv Hcph\pw Hcp aX
nepw \npIbn. Ah kpJapff aXntep t]mIpw.
tZimS\]nI Imemhmt`Zw DmIptm hnZqcfntep
]dpt]mIpXpt]mse.... Fn\mWh ]dpt]mIpXv ? kpJw
thWw. a\pjy XanmsX Hnp Hcp kXyamWnXv . AXp
sImv \mcmbWKpcp ]pXnb aXs m]nn. aXns ImX
emb Xzs Ghpw a\nemIp coXnbn FgpXncnIbmWv
sNbv XXv . Aev ]t\cw izmkXSw Dmbm aXn \ hnnsSpw.
Cybn am{Xa, Fm cmjv{Sfnep P\fpw kpJmt\zjn
I XsbmWv. GXp Xcnep kpJamWv thXv? \nXyamb
kpJw. AXp IspXphsc AXnepw CXnepsams s\mn
\pWv \Spw. ]t BkpJw am{XamWv ]qkpJambn
cnpXv. Fm bm{XIfpw Fm At\zjWfpw Fm Ne\
fpw Fm t{]cWIfpw BmhntepffXmWv. temIn Cu
aXw Asn A`n{]mbw GIamsWv a\nemWw. Fnv
kzmXsImv ZqjnXamImsX a\ns\ Bm\n hne
bnnWw. Atm Hcm lnpthm {InkvXym\ntbm apotam
BbncnpIbn. BZyhnlo\amb kXykmKcamWv, m\km
KcamWv, B\kmKcamWv.
50
\nesamSp \ocXpt]mse Imp Xobpw
shfnbpalwIrXn hnZybpw a\pw
AeIfpamgnbpsapthsbm
hpeIpapbdnhmbn amdnSpp.
\nesamSv `qan XpSn
\ocv AXpt]mse AXpt]mse Pew
Imv hmbp
Xobpw An
shfnbpw BImiwhscbpff ]`qXfpw
AlwIrXn AlwImchpw
hnZybpw _pnbpw
a\pw a\pw
AeIfpw XncIfpw
Bgnbpw ISepw
Fp th Fp th
Fm DeIpw Fm temIhpw
Dbv hnImkw{]m]nv
Adnhmbn ]camm\p`qXnbmbn
amdnSpp amdpp.
Btm]tZiiXIns \SphnXsbncnp Cu tmI
n {]bpsS ]cnWmas FSppImWnpIbmWv Kpcp
sNpXv. qen A`ncanncp a\pjy qes hnv
kqvantev {]thinpp. Fsm qense B\w
Xphpw ss\anjnIhpamWv Fh Xncndnbpp. a\pjys hnth
tImZbneqsSbmWv Cu Xcnepsmcp ]cnWmaw t_m[n
kw`hnpsImncnpXv. an ]WnsbSpv an\npw Inp
Xpam{Xw Xnp Pohnp a\pjy Aev]wIqSn kqva`qXamb
PeXzs AdnbpIbpw IpdpIqSn kqva`qXamb AnX
zs AdnbpIbpw ]ns hmbpXzs AdnbpIbpw ]ns
khym]nbmbncnp BImitmfw hnIknXambnocpIbpw
sNpp.
Xs kzXzs AlmaaXmZnIfn \npw hnm\fpsS
Ipgadnnen\npw a\ns \qemameIfn\npw Hs hnap
ampp. ISXsbmWv Xnc. sNdpXpw hepXpambn Fa Xnc
I IScn Bev Ifntmw. B XncIfnsemw D
bmbncnp IS am{XamWv kXyambncnpXv. \macq]mIamb
Fm temIfpw Adnhns tIhekzcq]Xbn \npw Ddp hcp
AarXm\p`hamWv. CXmWv PohnXns ]ctamXamb Xew.
51
AdnhnencpsmclbmZyapmbv
hcpanXnt\msSmcnZ hmabmbpw
hcpanh cpe]t]mse ambm
acaJnew adsbSnSpp.
Adnhnencpv A[njvTm\amb Adnhn\nv
Hcp Al Hcp Alwt_m[w
BZyw Dmbv hcpw BZyw apfs]mpw.
CXnt\mSv CXnsIqsS
Hcp CZ Hcp {]m]nIt_m[hpw
hmabmbpw hcpw Alp ]cn]qcIambn DmIpw.
Ch Cu Albpw CZbpw
cp De]t]mse cp hnsSnIt]mse
ambmacw ambmacw
AJnew adsb Adnhns\ ]qambn adp
hbvhw
]SnSpp ]Sp]enpp
\mw AdnhmWv . Adnhp am{XamWv . AdnhmsX thsdmcp k
\apn. Fm Cmcyw \mw adpt]mIpp. hnkv acW{]{Inbv
ImcWamtbmhp ambmXzns kz`mhs ChnsS kpXcmw
hyampp. A[njvTm\ambncnp AdnhmWv kIeXnt\bpw
{]khnp A. FnbmsemSpm {]]Pmesf {]khn
pXn\papv BZywXs tIheambncnp Adnhv kzbw `nn
pp. BZyw AlbmWv {]XysSpXv . Albn mXr
Xzhpw IXrXzhpw t`mrXzhpw ASnbnpv . Pohs Bhiy
sf ]cn]qcWw sNm\mbmWv {]]w hncNnXambncnpXv . {]]
s CZ Fp ]dbpp.
Albpw CZbpw ]ckv ]cw thgv Nbn GsSpXmWv hymh
lmcnIX. Cu hyhlmcn\npw a\v hfcm XpSpp. AXv
{]mXn`mknItemIs Dmpp. CtXmsS Adnhns \ncp]m[nI
{]Xen\npw \mw ASpt]mp Ignp. cp sNSnhnI
hv Hcp acs adbvpXpt]msebmWv ChnsS ambmacnen
cnp Albpw CZbpw BIp hnI m\kzcq]s
adpsImp XgphfcpXv. BhnkvacWns aqeImcWw
thZnnp Cu tmIw [ym\npdnmte \mcmbWKpcphns
XzmhXcWns coXohn[m\w (methodology) \app a\n
emm IgnbpIbpq.
52
[z\nabambvKK\w Pzenpam
fWbpaXnetijZriyPmew
]p\chnsS {Xn]pSnp ]qn \Ipw
kz\hpaSpanSw kzbw{]Imiw!
[z\nabambv {]Wh[z\n \ndpXqhn
KK\w BmImiw
Pzenpw shfnns \ndISembn Pzenpw
Am AXn Cu A\p`hmarXelcnbn
AtijZriyPmew apgph \macq]mI{]]hpw
AWbpw sIpt]mIpw.
]p\ AhnsS ]ns AhnsS
{Xn]pSnv Adnhv aqmbn ]ncnncnp
Ahv
]qn\evIpw ImcWamtbmhp
kz\hpw i_vZhpw
ASpw ASpw.
CSw B CSw
kzbw {]Imiw kzbta {]Iminp \psS
BmImiwXsbmWv.
{]Xynepff Aw ]dm Cu tmIns apgp
h ckm\p`qXnbpw s]menpt]mIpw. A\p`qXnk\mb Hcp
tbmKnbpsS lrZbIaen Dtncnp {]Wh[z\nsb
hmpIfn ]IpsImSpm IgnbpIbn. ImcWw {]Whw
kwKoXns kwKoXamWv . Fm B kwKoXw au\ns au\
amWpXm\pw. [z\nsb \ i_vZhoNnbmbnmWv AdnbpXv. B
i_v Zw ]pd ta bp X . B K K \ ns kmK c hn im e X bn
Pmzeyam\ambn \ndpXqhpIbmWv. CcpfnabpsS Hcp \pdpn
\pt]mepw AhnsS m\an. \mw AdnXpw Adnbm\ncnpXp
amb Fm temIm\p`hfpw Cu ]obqjhjmhenbn apntm
Ipw. Rm B\nph Ftm CsXmw Fs {]nbhnjb
Ftm ]dbm AhnsS \mhp s]mpIbn. Adnhv ]ncnv
{Xn]pSnIfmIpXv HSppw. {Xn]pSnIv ImcWambncnp i_v Zw
{]Whkm{amb kwKoXambn amdnbncnpIbmWv. BmImiw apgp
h kzbta shnnfpp. samgnamdm\mIm clkyw amkvacn
Iamb _nw_mtbmP\fneqsS, A\ymZriamb cN\m]mShtmsS
Kpcp Cu tmIn ]Inhncnpp.
53
CXnsegpamZnainbnp ImWp
nXp kIew s]dpamZn_oPamIpw
aXnbXnemn adnSmsX ambm
aXnbdphm a\\w XpSntSWw.
CXnsegpw kzbw{]IminXamb Cu Adn
hn\npw Bhn`hnp
BZnain BZnaamb in
Cp ImWp ChnsS \mamcq]mIambn
ImWp
CXp kIew CsXmnt\bpw
s]dpw {]khnp
BZn_oPw BIpw BZnaamb _oPamWv.
aXn AXnemn _pnsb B BZna_oPn
Ddnp\nn
adnSmsX BZna_oPs admsX
ambmaXn Adphm ambsImp hptN {`a_pn
Ahkm\npXn\pthn
a\\w XpSntSWw XpSbmbn a\\w sNbvXpsIm
ncnWw.
Adnhv \ntjvSa. AXp kzbta {]IminpsImncnp
p. {]IminpI Fm {InbmIambncnpp FmWv. {Inb
sNWsan in thWw. AdnhnXsbncnp klPamb
Hcp inbpv. B inbpsS BthKw sImmWv {]]n
epff Fmw NcnpsImncnpXv. Cu BZnainsb {]]
ns BZnImcWambn `mcXobEjnam Fntmcpp. CXp kI
en\pw AbmWv. Cu AbmWv {]]s {]khnpXv.
kIews]dpw BZn_oPw FmWv Kpcp ]dbpXv. Cu BZnamXm
hn _pnsb DdnWw. AsXmcp kaWamWv. \mcmbWKp
cphns `nZi\w Cs\bmWv. AXv BZn_oPm\pkm\am
Wv. \mw ChnsS ImnqpXpt]msebp `nb AXv. BZnP
\\nsb Hcp \nizmknt]mepw admsX Hmncnp `n
bmWXv.
HmpXv Hcp hnjbsb. hnjbm[njvTm\sbmWv.
anhmdpw \fnsems At_m[ns Ccp Xnbn B
hnkvacWn\p CShcmdpv. Atmsgm s t_m[]qw B
kvarXnsb XncnsI m]nWw. \psS _pn ambmtamlv
Ffpw hiKamIpXmWv. F{Xam{Xw ss\ccytmSpIqSn a\\w
sNbv Xm emWv kI ew s]dpw BZn _o P n _pnsb sacp n
\ndpm IgnbpXv! AXpsImv a\\w XpSpsImWw.
54
DWcpahbpdnenpdw
]p\cpWcpsmgpXpw kv^pcnphoe
A\pZn\ans\ cpamZnambm
h\nXbn\np ]pdp amdnSpp.
DWcpw Ah DWncnp Ah
Ddn C Ddn C.
Ddw Ddp Ah
]p\ DWcpsmgpXpw hopw DWcptmgpw
kv^pcnphoe DmIpn.
A\pZn\w HmtcmZnhkhpw
Cs\ cpw Cu chIfpw
BZnambmh\nXbn\nv BZnamb BIp h\nXbn\nv
]pdp ]ndv
amdnSpp sshcpyapXmbn XonSpp.
FmWv Ddw? FmWv DWv ? Bpw s]s smcp
\nhN\w sImSp m Ign bp n . Fm Kpcp Cu {]tl fn I
bn tev hy amb Hcp Dmgv N \Ip p v . Bcpw Xs Dd
m h cm bn n . Dd n FmWv A\p `hw? Hpw Adn
bp n F XmWv A\p ` hw. Hpw Adn bp n s nepw Dd p
h \n kpJ ap v . kpJ an s n Bpw Dd m tXmp
I bn . Dd n temIm \p ` h fpsS A`mhw Ds nepw
Bm hns kzcq ] amb B\w Atm {]Im in p p v .
Fm Adn bp h s\ Rm GtXm Hcp Idp aqSp ] S
n \p n AI s n cn p I bm Wv . AXp sImv DWs Wo
p Xp hsc Rm B kpJw A\p ` hn pp Fv F\n dn
bm\pw Ign bp I bn , ]d bm\pw Ign bp I bn .
DWs Wo m C{n bhpw a\pw {]h \ \n c X am hpw.
Atm Dnepmbncp Ccpfnasbmw ampt]mIpw. hkvXp
tfbpw hkvXpXItfbpw kv]inpw {LmWnpw Nnnpsams
Adn bm XpS pw. DWn cn p tm ico c ns hnipw
Zmlhpw a\ ns Pnm kbpw Hs ian n p sIm n cn Ww.
{]] m \p `hw Fp ]d bp Xv Cu cp {[ph n S bn em
Wv . Ccp n\pw shfn n\pw CS bn emWv F a cq] tfm Sp Iq
Snb Cu {]]w \ fn Ap Xs Na p h bv p Xv . Hcp
Nn{X Im cs Imhm kn Idp n\pw shfp n\pw CS bn hcp
]e ]e h fpsS tNcp h IsImmWv Nn{X Im c amkv a cn
I amb Hcp Nn{Xs hc p h bv p Xv .
Cu chIfntev t_m[w hoWpw Dbpw amdnadnp
sImncnptm PohnXn kpJhpw ZpxJhpw asm sshIm
cnIXIfpw Hn\p ]ndsI Hmbn hpsImncnpw. Hcp ambmh
\nXbn\nmWv A\pZn\satmWw Ccpfpw shfnhpw amdnamdn
P\npsImncnpXv. Fm Adn hns tIh e kz cq ] n
\np sImv Dd n t\bpw DWhn t\bpw t\mn m Wm
Ign bp Hcp ]q Pm K cn Xw (total awakening) kw` hn pXp
hsc \ fpsS kXy Pn m ksb D] i an n m ]mSn .
55
s\SnbIn\mhnXp \n{Zt]mse \nXyw
sISpanXpt]mse In\mhpan{]Imcw
sISpaXn ImWpIbn tIhen
s]SphXn\me\niw {`annSpp.
CXv s\Snb In\mhv PohnXw Hcp \o kz]v\amWv.
\n{Zt]mse Ddn ImWp In\mhp
t]msebmWnXv.
\nXyw sISpw DWsWoptm B
In\mhpw sIpt]mIpp.
CXpt]mse Ddnse kz]v\w t]mseXs
In\mhpw PohnXamIp s\Snb In\mhpw
sIpt]mIpw
C{]Imcw Fm Ccn
sISpaXn hnjb_pn
ImWpIbn a\nempn.
tIhen {]]w F Cuizcs
kz]v\n
s]SphXn\m Fmhcpw Htct]mse IpSpnbn
cnpXn\m
A\niw Ftmgpw
{`annSpp s\Snb In\mhns\ kXysaXp
t]mse Zinpp.
PohnXsaXv Hcp apgp\of kz]v\amWv. C{Xbpw ssZLy
ap kz]v\ambXpsImv \mw kz]v\s Xncndnbmdn. \psS
Dd hpw Dd n ImWp kz]v \hpw DWn cn p tm
ImWp temIhpw Fmw B s\Snb kz]v\nse hnhn[amb
AhIfmIpp. \n{Zbn \mw ImWp kz]v\w, \n{Zhnv Fgp
tptm AbYmambn tXmmdpv. kz]v\n \mw
t]Snp \nehnfnncnmw, B\wsImv \rw sNbv Xncnmw, lnam
ebkm\pfn hnlcnncnmw, `oIcamb Zpcn acnpt]m
sbp hcmw. Fm DWp IpXpdp t\mptm AsXmw
kmev]nIfmbncppshv \mw Xncndnbmdpv. ]t, A\p`
hnp thfbn Ah kmev]nIf. Ah A\p`hbmYmy
fmWv.
AXpsImv Kpcp Cu PohnXtbpw kz]v \tmSp Xpe\w sNp
tm \apXns\ kzoIcnm {]bmkw tXmpw. Kpcp Cu s\Snb
kz]v \n\npw DWsWonmWv \tmsSmw ]dpXcp
Xv . Kpcphns A\p`hs Kpcp adphbv pn. \appw Npp]mSp
I Xo thZ\Ifn\npw sIp]mSpIfn\npw apcmIm
Ignbpw. temIv Fmhcpw Cu PohnXs ]camsaXpt]mse
\n\v PohnpXp ImWptm \psS Dnepw tXmpw Cu ImW
sSp temIhpw PohnXhpw BWv ]caamb kXysav . AXns\bmWv
tIhens]v {`anpI Fv Kpcp ]dbpXv .
Cu temIP\X apgph\pw BImin \oenasb Zinmepw Hcp
imkv {X\dnbmw AhnsS \oenabnsv . \psS Ins ]cnanXn
bmWv N{Ihmfsf krjv SnpsXv imkv {X\dnbmw. km[m
cW PohnXnse Ccw Imcyfnt]mepw \ {`anpt]mImdp
v . CXpt]mseXsbmWv Hcp apgph PohnXnepw DmIp {`am
IX. C\n DWc BhiyamWv . B DWc Bkqcy\ntemWv .
shfnw.... shfnw..... k{X shfnw......Ccpns Hcp IWnIt]mepw
ImWpntm? FsmcpXw! CXmIpp ]qt_mt[mZbw.
56
ISensegpw Xnct]mse Imbtamtcm
pS\pSt\dnbpbanSpp
apSnhnXns\nXp l! aqekwhnXv
ISeneP{khpap Iat{X!
ISensegpw Xnct]mse ISen XncI DbcpIbpw
XmgpIbpw sNpXpt]mse
Imbtamtcmv Hmtcmtcm icocw
DS\pS Hn\p ]pdsI Hmbn
Gdn DbanSpp Dmbn amdn adbpp.
apSnhnXns\v Cu {]{Inbv Hcp Ayw
FhnsSbmWv?
CXp l! CsXmcp BcywXs!
aqekwhnXvISen {]]n\p aqeImcWamb
BkmKcn
AP{khpw D Fspw kw`hnpsImncnp
Iat{X k{]{InbIfmWnXv.
Xncbnm IS Hcp hntcm[m`mkwt]mse tXmpw. Xnc
Fp ]dbptm AXn \pcbpw ]Xbpw Hmffpw AeIfpw
almXcwKfpw Fmw DsSpw. ISen XncbnmXmbn Ign
m ]ns AXv IS e m Xm Ipw. hnim e amb IS en Hcp
Xncbvpw imizXamb \ne\nn. Pew Ipdpt\cw XncbpsS
BImcs]qv Ipdpt\cw \ne\nv ]ns ISentepXs
Xncnpebnpp. Hcp ]Xn\mbncw hjpappw ISen Xnc
I Dmbncpp. Ctmgpw \mw XncI ImWpp. \mw t]mbmepw
ISen XncI DmIpw. Cu {]{Inbv Hcp apSnhpw DmhpIbn
. CsXmcp BcyIcambnpff kwKXnbmWv.
CtXt]mseXsbmWv {]]ns k\{]{Inbbpw \S
pXv. {]]hpw XcwKsftmsebmWv. \nch[nbmb cq]
fneqsS {]]w \psS apn \ne\nppv. ]t, CXv GXp
kmKcnse XncIfmWv? aqekwhnXvISenemWv {]m]nIXcwK
cq]wsImpXv. kwhnXv Fp ]dm AdnhmWv. Adnhn
t\bpw Bmhnt\bpw At`Zambn AdnbWw. BkmKcnemWv
\nccambn temIk\w \SpsImncnpXv. CXv Ahkm
\anmsX \SpsImncnpIbmWv. CsXmcp almcywXs!
57
Aebdpamgnbnep\ambm
IebnXp Ieyb\mZnImcyamIpw
keneckmZnicoctan \m\m
hpeIpcphmbpcphmbn \nnSpp.
Aebdpw Bgnbn Xncbnm ISen
A\ambmIe Dv Ayanm ambmIe Dv.
CXv Iey Cu ambmIe k\{]{In
bv kaamWv.
A\mZnImcyamIpw CXv A\mZnImcyambncnp
keneckmZn Pew, AXns KpWamb ckw
XpSnbhbpsS
icocw Gn BImcw ssIsmv
\m\m DeIv \m\mXcnep temIfpsS
Dcphmbv Dcphmbv cq]fmbn
\nnSpp ChnsS \ne\npp.
ISen Hcnepw XncIfnm Ah kwPmXamhpIbnsv
\mw Ign tmIn ]dp. Fm Imepw Xncbpw ISepw
HnpXs Ccpnpv. Fmepw IS ]qambn imamsb
ncns. B imX XmXvImenIamWv. ISens BgfnXs
henb Xncq Dmm\p a Hfnncnppv.
BkmKcnepw CXpt]msebmWv. {]]n ImWp Fmw
BkmKcn kqvaambn adncnppv. Iyqdns
ssat{ImNnpIfn sadn CcnpXpt]mse. Bmhn Cs\
adncnp {]]km[yXsb ambmIe FmWv kmtXnI
`mjbn ]dbpI.
Ie Fp ]dm HcSbmfamWv Hcp ]mSv. ]t, Cu ]mSv
{]]kvacWIsf apgph DSnhnpv. hfsc kaamb
coXnbn krjvSnPmesf krjvSnpsImncnm CXn\p Ign
bpw. AXpsImmWnXns\ Iey Fp ]dbpXv. Cu {]]w
Ap `qXfpsS tNcphbmWv. Hmtcm `qXn\pw Hmtcm {][m\
KpWapv. `qanbpsS KpWw KamWv. shns KpWw ckam
Wv. AnbpsS KpWw cq]hpw hmbphntXv kv]ihpamWv. BIm
ins KpWw i_vZamWv. Cu ]`qXfpw KpWfpw tNv
\m\mIoamb temIw Bhn`hnpp. Cu {]{Inb A\mZnbm
Wv. BZnbnmsX \SpsImncnpXmWv. Ctmgpw \Spp.
58
\h\hansebnp \msf at
nhkanXns\ Nn sNbvXnSmsX
AhncXsanbfnSpsXmw
{`asamcp t`ZhpandnntSWw.
\h\hw ]pXp]p\mb PohnXm\p`h
Cse Cv Cse, Cv
\msf atZnhkw \msf, am
CXns\ tIheamb Imes shnapdnp
a\nemp Xcnep
Nn sNbvXnSmsX Nnbn GsSmsX
AhncXw hncmaanmsX
Fn AfnSpsXmw Fnbpw Afpw AdnbpsXmw
{`aw {`aw am{XamWv
Hcp t`Zhpan Imens s]mcp GIamWv,
AXn Hcp t`Zhapan.
AdnntSWw Cs\ AdnbWw.
]gbXns\ Ifv ]pXnbXns\ ssIsmm\mWv BfpI
sImXnpXv. a\v Fspw ]pXpa tXSp kz`mhapXmWv.
Hns\ ImWptm AXns\ ]pXnbsXpw ]gbsXpw a\v
hnthNndnbpp. ]gbXns\ \ Xnfbpw. ]pXnbXns\
ssIsmpw. \ Hns\ ]pXnbsXpw ]gbsXpw XcwXncn
pXv GXSnm\nemWv? Imet_m[nemWv Fm A\p`
hfpw kw`hnpsImncnpXv. Cse FXv Hcp Imebf
hmWv. AXp kw`hnpIgn ImcyamWv. kw`hnsXmw FhnsS
bmWv CcnpXv? kvacWbnemWv CcnpXv. B kvacWbpsS
ASnm\nemWv Cv Fv \mw ]dbpXv. Cv Csetb
m IqSpX bmYmyapXmWv. Cns\ hpsImmWv hcm
\ncnp \msfsbpdnv NnnpXv.
]mmXyNnI\mb _Kvk As\ tIheamb Imes
pure duration Fp hnfnp. \mcmbWKpcphpw _KvksWtmse
GIamb Ime[mcsb JWvUnpXns\ {`aw FmWv hnfnp
Xv. Csesbpw Cspw \msfsbpw D Iev]\I {`a
fmWv. a\n\pmIp Nne {]XoXnI am{XamWv. Imens
ASnm\n ]gbsXpw ]pXnbsXpw ]dbp A\p`h
fpw {`aamWv. Imens Cu {`aNnbn\npw m\ns
tIhealnamhntev a\ns\ DbnsbSpWw. t`ZfnmsX
BZyhnlo\amb Adnhn A\p`h ImeLS\bn s]Sm
sXXs kw`hnpsImncnpp. CXdnbph arXyphntep
\s henngp Imens ]nSnbn\npw ]pdpISpw.
59
Adnhns\ hnY Rm\pansbs
ncnbpInendnhpw, {]Imiam{Xw
Adnhdnbphs\p cptamm
semcps]mcpfmaXnen hmZtaXpw.
Adnhns\ hnv Adnhn\npw A\yambn
AY ]ns
Rm\pw C Rm F t_m[n\pw
AkvXnXbn.
Fs ]ncnbpIn Fn\npw A\yambn
Adnhpw C Hcdnhpw DmIpn.
{]Imiam{Xw Rm\pw Adnhpw Htcsbmcp
{]Imiw am{Xw
Adnhv Adnshpw
Adnbph Fp Adnbphs\pw D
cpw Hmm cpw At\zjnpt\mnbm
Hcp s]mcpfmw Htcsbmcp s]mcpfmWv
CXn C hmZtaXpw CXp Xanm kwKXnbmWv.
hyh lm c `mj bn Rm Adn bp p, Fs Adn hv
Fsms ]dbmdpv. As\ ]dbptm hensbmcp sXns\
]nK an p I bmWv \ sNp Xv . Rm FXv AdnhpXs
bm Wv . Rm\pw Adnhpw Xn Hcp t`Z hp an . Rm Adn bpp
F {]{Inbbn Adnhv \n\npw AIncnp Hpt]mse
tXmpw. F{Xtbm Bfp I Adn hp I tiJ cn m \mbn ]pkv X
I hmbn p ] Tn p Xv \ ImWm dp v . ]pkv X I n emWv
Adn hn cn p sX cqV aq e amb tXm ep sIm mWv \ fpsS
hnZym `ymkw t]mepw ]pkv X I tI {o Ir X am bn cn p Xv . am{X a ,
Fs Adnhv Fp ]d bp tm Fs hoSv , Fs Im F
hnh I fn hcp Xp t]mse Adnhpw Rm kzmb am nb
Fs Hcp ssIh i h kv Xp hm Wv .
Atm IqSpX Adnhph kaqln AwKoIrX\mIp
p. Ah AdnhmIp kpsImv A[nImcs Imfpp.
Adnhns\ Zpcp]tbmKw sNm Cs\bp sXmb t_m[w
klmbIambnpv. hmkvXhn Rm\pw Adnhpw Htcsbmcp
{]Imiw am{XamWv. Hcp s]mcpXsbmWv. Cmcyw A\p`ham
bnp hcWw. AtmgmWv aqeyhmbn Pohnm IgnbpI. Kpcp
hns A\p`hn\nmWv Kpcp Cmcyw \app ]dpXcp
Xv. AXn ehteiw kwibw th. AXpsImv hmZsfm
panmsX Rm\pw Adnhpw Hsp A\p`sshIyw t\SnsbSp
pI.
60
Adnhns\bpw aaXbv[o\amn
dbpanXn ]camtamnSmsX
]dInepacXzsat]meo
bdnhdnbph\\yamIphoe.
CXn CXns
]camw ]camw
HmnSmsX At\zjndnbmsX
Adnhns\bpw Adnhns\tmepw
aaXbvv A[o\amn Fs Adnhv F Xcn
Adnhns\ kzamn
]dbpw BfpI ]dbpw.
]dInepw As\ ]dmepw
B ]cXzw Ft]m B ]camXzw Adnbph
AXpXsbmbncnpXpt]mse
Cu Adnhv Fs Adnhv F Xcn
IcpXntmcp Adnhv
Adnbph\v CXdnbph\v Ah\n\npw
A\yamIphoe A\yambncnpn.
CXv Fs `qan, AXp \ns `qan, CXv Fs ]Ww, AXp
\ns ]Ww Fp ]d bp Xp t]mse Am \n bmb a\p jy
Fs Adn shp hyh l cn m dpv . ]c am n Rm Adn
hpXsbmWv. Adnhv FtX. hensbmcn Rmt]mepw
AdnhntXmWv. Rm\pw Adnhpw c. ]t, Fs Adnhv Fp
]dbptm Adnhv Fn\npw _mlyamb Ftm HmsWv
Icp Xpw. AXp sImv Adnhv kzmb am mthn a\p jy
{]bXv \npp. ]Wapmm {]bXv \np a\pjysctmse
Xs. hnZym `ym k m ] \ fnepw Am Z an I fnepw a\p jy
Ipn bn cpp ]Tn p Xp ImWmw. tkm{I okv ]d hn{ip X
h N \ fn sem v , \o \ns s Adn bpI Fm Wv . Adn
bph\pw Adnhpw Hmbnocp AJWvUm\p`qXnbn am{Xta
\nhrXn Dm hpp q.
]cammhns\ Adnbpp Fp ]dbpXn Hcp sXpv.
Adnbph ]cammhmWv. CXmcpw Hmmdn. AXpt]mse
Fs Adnhv Fp ]dbptm Adnhv Fn\npw A\yambn
tmIpw. B tXm Hcp henb iq\yXsb krjvSnpw. A]Ij
t_m[s krjvSnpw. Jeo Pn{_m {]hmNI F IrXn
bn ]dbpp: Fs ssZhta, Fp hnfnm ]mSn. Fs
m Rm ssZhntXmIpp. ssZhw FtX. B Hcl
IqSn \fn\npw t]mIWw. ssZhs kzamp \mw ssZh
tm apnbh\msW {]Xyam Hcp Almcapv.
\psS aXfpw XzNnIfpw Cu ZqjnXhebn\npw
Dmb PmckXnIfmWv. Adnhn\v \s hnpsImSpWw. ssZh
n\p \s kanWw. Atm Fv Ahtijnppthm
AXmWv BXynIamb A\p`hw.
61
shfnhnjbw hnekpp thdpthdm
bfhnSpan{nbamp Xs [w
PfXbXnp ZnKw_cmZn \mam
hensbmSpbdnhmbn amdnSpp.
shfnhnjbw ]pdwtemIp hnjb
thdpthdmbv shtsdbmbn
hnekpp Fa {]XoXnI Dmpp.
C{nbw C{nb
Xs [w Bv AXmXns [s Ahew
_npsImv
AfhnSpw C{nbhnjbsf Afdnbpp.
PfX AXv C{nb shtsdbmbn Afdn
bpXv Am\w \nanamWv.
Cv ChnsS
ZnKw_cmZn Znv, BImiw apXembh
\mamhensbmSv \nch[nbmb \makbtmsSmw
Dbv Dbv
Adnhmbn amdnSpp tIheamb Adnhns\ {]m]npp.
shfn Fm BImiamWv . GsXmcp hkv Xphn\pw nXn sNp
hm CSw thWw. Fm hkv Xpfpw BIminemWv CcnpXv .
BImin hkv Xp CcnpI am{Xa, hkv Xphn BImiw Ccn
ppapv . BImin IpSw CcnpXpt]mseXs IpSn
BImiw Ccnppapv . Cu BIminemWv Fa hnjb
nXn sNpXv . Hcp hnjbw thsdmcp hnjbn\npw thdnncn
ppv . B thpa hcpXv C{nbfpsS [hyXncnXsImm
Wv . In\p cq]s ImWm Ignbpp. cq]amWv ChnsS Ins
[hnjbambncnpXv. In\p ImWphm\pff Ignth Dq.
tIphm\p Ignhn. tIhn ImXns [amWv. Atm
ImXns hnjbambn hcpXv i_v ZamWv . Cs\ Hmtcm C{nbn
\pw AXmXns [hpw B [n\nWp hnjbhpw ]pdw
temIn nXn sNppv .
Afhnm sshhn[ytmSpIqSn temIn cq] DXp
t]mse kv ]ifpw i_v Zfpw Kfpw ckfpw At\Iam
Wv . C{nb Chsb AdnbpXv AfmWv . Fm C{nbhnjb
tfbpw Afm Ignbpw. B[p\nIimkv {Xw Cu temIs Afp
a\nemphm {ianXns ^eambnmWv hnIknXambncnpXv .
Kpcp JWv UnXambn ]dbpp: CsXms PfXbmWv . PfXsbm
Cu \m\mXzntXmb temIn \mw imizXaqeysf ImWm
{ianpXmWv . Fmw amdnsmncnpp. amanmXmbn Cu
{]m]nIXbn HpwXs C. Fm Cu ams Adnhntev
B\bnphm Ignbpw. Hcp hnjbn\np thsdmcp hnjbn
tev {]nbs ]dn p \ Sp Xp t]m se b hnj b n\npw
{]nbs ASnsbSpv Bmhn Ddnp \ndppXv . BIm
iw, Znv XpSn ]m`uXnIamb Cu {]]w apgph \makb
fmWv . Fm \mafpw A\manIamb Adnhn D]kwlcnWw.
Adnhp am{Xta Dq. CXv Adnbptm PfX t]mIpw. B Adnhp
XsbmWv Rm. CXdnbptm B\w AeXpw.
62
]chi\mbv ]cXzsassXtm
cpXcpsXp IYnsXmn\mte
hcpadnthXp hcm IYnXmte
]ca]Zw ]cnNn sNbvXntSWw.
]chi\mbv euInIhoWn\v ASnasv
]cXzw ]cammhns\
FssXv Fs ]cammshv
HmcpXv IcpXm ]mSn
AcpsXv IcpXm ]mSnsv
IYnsXmn\mse ]dXpsImpam{Xw
hcpadnthXv? FdnhpmIm\mWv?
hcm IYnXmse shdptX ]dXpsImpam{Xw
m\w ssIhcnIbn.
]ca]Zw ]cammhns\
]cnNn sNbvXntSWw [ym\\naambn A\p`hndnbWw.
]chiXbmWv Hcphs\ XfpXv. kXyw thsd FhnsStbm
BsWp IcpXn AXns em`n\mbn {]bXv\nptmgmWv ]c
hi\mIpXv. Dtcybn Pohnncp m\nbmb I_o ]d
bpp: Cuizc ancnepw akvPnZnepa. bmKnepw tbmK
nepw A. Cuizc \ns {]mWs {]mW\mIpp Fv. \mw
\s Xncp\Sm XpSnbnv P Gsd Ignp. bm{X
Gsd sNbvXv `qan F Cu k{Xn Fntnp ]YnI
mcmWv \sfmhcpw. \fpsS bm{X \sftSnbpXmsWv
Adnbptm CXphsc sNbvX bm{XIsfmw hrYmhnembncpp
Fp t_m[ysSpw. Ghpw ASp Hns\ AdnbmsX AIse
bpXntep Xe \op \psS _pn ]mchiyamWv. B _pn
sImmWv hopw \ ]cammhns\ Adnbm {ianpXv.
]cammhv GtXm Hcp henb hkvXphns\tmse am{Xta As\
At\zjnphs a\n tXmnpIbpq. Fs ]camm
shv NnnpXv sXmWv. Fm FtXpIfpw Rm\mXm
Wv.
Cs\ NnncpsXp ]dXpsImpam{Xw \apv icn
bmb ]camm\w ssIhcnIbn. D]\njpw ss__nfpw
Jp B\pw at\mlcambn DcphnSphm Ignbp ]WvUnXintcm
aWnIfpv. Ah aWnaWnt]mse thZ]pkvXIw sNmntn
pXcpw. ]t, Poh sImcpn sIWnbn Ahcpw Hcp ]dh
sb tmse Nnd In Snp \ne hn fn p k` ]e tmgpw
DmImdpv. apn ImWmmTw ]Tnpmmhp H. Gp
sNmn lrZnammhpXpa. Bmhns AKm[Xbntev
kzw X] n \m Bn d Ww. [ym\ ns kmK c kz X
ssIhcpthmfw Cu ]cnNn\w XpSntSWw.
63
Adnhnencp]cXzamnSmXo
bdnhns\bndnbpsXntb Xm
]chi\mbdnhoe ]WvUnX X
]caclkyanXmcp ]mnSpp !
Adnhnencpv Adnhn\nv
A]cXzamnSmsX Xs A\yammsX
Cu Adnhns\ Bmhp Xsbmb Adnhns\
CdnbpsXntb ChnsS AdnbmsamsX
]chi\mbv Xn\npw A\yamWv Bmhv
FpIcpXn At\z jnp Xn
eqsS
Adnhoe Bm\p`hw kw`hnpIbn.
]WvUnX X m\nbpsS
]caclkyw ]caclkyamb BcnIm\p`hw
CXmcp ]mnSpp! BmWv a\nemhpXv ?
Bmt\zjWw \Sp km[Imcn s]mXpth kw`hn
m CSbp Hcp sXns\ Kpcp XncpncnIbmWv sNpXv.
Adnhnt\bpw Adnbpht\bpw A\yhevcnp ImWm ]mSn.
Bmhns\bmWv kmmXvIcntXv. Fm Hcm km[\
I A\pjvTnptm AXp thsd FhnsStbm Ccnp Hm
sWp IcpXnbmWv A\pjvTm\ sNpXv. {]mnphcpw
tbmKbpw {]mWmbmahpw sNphcpw a{hpw ]qPbpw \Sp
hcpw Fmw Ahcn\nv A\yYmIcn Hcp kbmbn Ip
sImmWv Bmt\zjWw \SpXv. Hmbncnp kXys
cmn hn`Pnv hopw Hmntphmthn a\pjy \S
p s]SmmSns\pdntmv Kpcp hyk\kzcnemWv Cu
tmIns Ahkm\]mZw NancnpXv. ]WvUnXX ]cac
lkyw Bpw Adnbm Ignbpntm! BcmWv ]WvUnX?
sse{_dnbpsS Hgn tImWnencpv alm{K hmbnpIqp
Ibpw Zp{Klamb Imcy ]dbpIbpw sNp Hcp _pnPohn
sbbmWv ]WvUnXs\v kmam\yP\w IcpXpXv.
Fm Kpcp Ccmsc ]chim FmWv hnfnpXv.
]WvUnX F. \psS tImtfPpIfnepw AmZanIfnepw an
hmdpw B{iafnepw Cu ]chim A[chymbmaw sNpXv
\ ImWmdpv . ]t, ]Wv UnX F hmns t\cmb
Aw A\p`hkmIeyap m\n FmWv. ]caamb Adnhpw
Rm\pw c F A\p`hs ]WvUm Fp ]dbpw. Aev]w
t]mepw hn`mKobXbnm t_m[amWv ]WvUm. Cu A\p`hw hen
bhenb ]ZmhenIfn tImnWn samgnpsImSpm Ign
bpIbn. au\ns AKm[amb Hcp DshfnamWnXv . ]caclkyw
Fp ]dbm ImcWaXmWv. Hmtcm Pohsbpw ]cnWmaw Cu ]c
aclkys DdnbpXntemWv thXv. Fm CXv Bcpw
a\nempntm F Aev]w tJZw \nd Hcp kzchpw Cu
tmIn ASnbncnppv.
64
{]Xnhnjbw {]Xn_tadn tahp
nXns\ \nPkvarXnsb \ncmIcnq
AXnhniZkvarXnbmeXoX hnZym
\n[n sXfnbpnXn\n \oXnlm\n.
{]Xnhnjbw Hmtcm hnjbhpw
{]Xn_tadn tahpp BkmmXvImcn\p
XSw \npp.
CXns\ Cu XSs
\nPkvarXnsb BkvarXnsImv
\ncmIcnq XnfbWw.
AXnhniZkvarXnbm Bmhns koab Hmbm
AXoXhnZym\n[n Fm D]m[nIpw AXoXamb
B\L\amb m\w
sXfnbpp Dn sXfnbpp.
CXn\v C \oXnlm\n CXn Abpambn Hpan.
hkv Xphpw hnj bhpw Xn A c ap v . hkv Xp a\ ns
{]nbm{]nbfpambn Iecptm AXp hnjbambn. hnjbw hnjw
t]m se bm sWmWv Ajv Sm h {I ap \n sb tm ep h ]d bp Xv .
As\ ]d bm Imc Ww, hnjbw \ psS hmk \sb apgp h
DWn \s I tm p I cm pw. Iw Fp ]d bp Xv ,
Imay hn j b n \p th n bp \nc c amb {]h \ am Wv . Hcp
hnjbw \psS A\p ` h n tep IS p h cp tm B hnj b
tmSp tN At\Iw hnj b Iqw Iq ambn at\m Z W
n tev Xn bdn hcpw. Hmtcm hnj b Nn bpw F\n mZyw
]qo I cWw \Iq Fp ]d bp Xp t]m se bmWv \s Imay
hn j b n tep t{]cn n p sIm n cn p Xv . As\ Hcp
PohnXw apgp h hnj b Nn tbm SptN {]h \ fp ambn
\ Ign p Iq p tm Pohn X ns BXy n I amb eyw ad
p t]m Ip p.
cp Xcnepff kvarXnI (memory) \fn {]hn
ppv. Hcn Htcsbmcp kvarXn XsbmWv cp apJ
fntep Xncnp\nv {]hnpXv. Hv hnjbkvarXnbpw,
thsdmv B kv ar Xn bpw. B kv ar Xn bn eqsS am{Xta hnj b
kv ar Xnsb Cm Xm m Ign bp I bp q. hnj b kv arXn _ \
n\p Imc W am Ip p. B kv arXn apn k m b I am Wv . Bm
hns kv arXn sbbmWv AXn hn i Z kv arXn Fv Kpcp hnti jn n
n cn p Xv . Fm kv ac W I fp tSbpw aqe I amWv B k .
B B k bn {]m] n I Po hn X ns apgp h Hm I
tfbpw kqv aambn tImdn bn n p v . Iw]yq dnse ssat{Im Nn p
I fn sadn kqn p Xp t]m se X s bmWnXv .
ChnsS Cuizcs akvXnjvInemWv CsXmw tiJcnp
sXv ]dtbnhcpw. Cu kvarXnbneqsSbmWv \ AXncpIfn
m m\s Bm\ambn A\p`hndnbpXv. sXfnabp
Hcp PohnXn\v thsd Hcp t]mwhgnbpw C. B\njvTamb
km[\ A\pjvTnWw. Fn\mWv AamnpXv? hnjbfpsS
XSw hnjbNn DnStmfw am{Xta Dq. ]ns F\npw
Bmhn\pw CSbn Hcp a[yhn C. CXp Xanm kwK
XnbmWv.
65
Hcp Ipdn \madnbmsXmpann
pcpadhmednhoepWnsXmw
AdnhhcnXncXmIbmeo
bcpasbbmcdnbptlm! hnNn{Xw!
Hcp Ipdn Hcp hip\npw t\mnbm
\mw AdnbmXv \apv Adnbm Ignbm
Hpw Cv C HpwXs temIn C.
Dcp adhm cq]fpsS ad ImcWw
CsXmw Cu temIhnjbsfsbmw
DWv Adnhoe Bt_m[n DWv \mw
Adnbpn
AXncXmIbm A\hnimeambXn\m
Cu Acpasb t{]akzcq]nbmb Cu Bmhns\
Adnhhcn Adnbph Bcpw CXs.
Bcdnbpp Asn CsXms Bcdnbpp ?
Atlm! hnNn{Xw! ApXw \nd Cu A\p`hw
Fsmcp hnNn{XamWv!
_{Smv dens\tmsebpff NnIm ssZhn hniz
knpnsnepw Adnhns inbn hnizknppv. ChcpsS
Nnsb temPn t]mknohnkw (logical positivism) FmWv
hnfnpXv. Cu Nnm]Xn{]Imcw Cu temInepff Fm
AdnhpIfpw Hcn \apv AdnpXom Ignbpw. BImi
ns AXnnI FhnsSbmWv? {]]w Fn\nmWv Dm
bXv? {]]krjvSnp ]nn Fsnepw Dtiyaptm? C
s\bp tNmZysmw Hmtcmtcm Dc ]coWfn
eqtSbpw \ncoWfneqtSbpw Isn B Dcsfsbmw
tNp hv Nnn p tm temIs kw_ n p ]cn n
]v Xn bp Hcp Dcw Inp sapXs bmWv temPn t]mkn
o hn kp I fpsS hnizm kw. \mcm b W Kpcp CXn s\ sbmcp hnizm k
am bn ImWp Xv . CXn s\ sbmcp km[y X bm bn mWv a\ n em
p Xv .
Hcp aXcnsb Adnbmsan `qansb apgph Adnbm Ignbpw
FpXv Hcp km[yXbmWv. AXp hnNmcnv BcmWv `qanbnepff
aXcnIsfmw Fnsdpn XnsSpm t]mIpXv. As\
Bscnepw {ianppsn AXns\ apgp {`mst ]dbm
s\mp. Hcp Ipdn \mw AdnbmsXmpann. Cs\ Hcp ho
WtImWn\npw t\mptm \apdnbm\mImXmbn Cu
temIn HpwXs C FmWv Kpcp ]dbpXv. ]t, Cu
Adnhn Hcp XIcmdpv. Hns\ thsdmn\npw thsdthsdbm
nbmWv \ AdnbpXv. AXn\p ImcWw Hcp hkvXphns\ \mw
Adnbptm AXn\v Hcp cq]w DspffXmWv. temIw Fp ]d
bpXv _lpkl{kw cq]XsbmWv . B cq]smw \ma
sImSpptmgmWv temIhpambn \apv hyhlcnm Ign
bpXv. Fm \macq]tfbpw ka\zbndnbp Hcp kam\m[nIc
WXbpv. cq]fpsS ad ImcWw Cu kam\m[nIcWXbntev
a\ns\ DWnsbSpm \apv Ignbmdn. am{Xa Cu kam
\m[nIcWX PohnXnsXs ]caamb AamWv.
\ncXnibamb B\hpw t{]ahpw hgnsmgpIp Acpabmb
Cu Adnhns\ BcmWdnbpXv? A{Xbpw m\]n]mkbpw kXym
t\zjW]cXbpap Hcmv Cu AcpabpsS Aackm]w Km\
]obqjambn A\p`hnm Ignbpw. tbmKnIfpsS Nnn elcn
]Icp Cu A\p`hw F{X hnNn{XamWv! Fm ApXfnte
pwhv almpXambncnp B\nhrXn Atlm! hnNn{Xw!
66
Cc apXembhsbpan{]Imcw
hcpan\nbpw, hchp\nev]tXIw
AdnhXp, \maXpXs apsam
hcpaXpX hSnhmp \nnSpp.
Cc apXembh kpJZpxJkn{iamb hnjb
Fpw Fmbvtmgpw
C{]Imcw Ctmgst]mseXs
hcpan\nbpw C\nbpw hpsImncnpw
hchv \nev]Xv \neambn \npXv
GIw Hp am{XamWv.
Adnhv AXv GIamb AXv AdnhmWv.
\mw AXpXs \mw B AdnhpXsbmWv.
ap Fmhcpw ap Fmhcpw
AXpX B GIamb Adnhns
hSnhmv kzXzw ssIsmv
\nnSpp \ne\npp
Fm PohnIfpw P\npXv hnitmSpIqSnbmWv. hniv Hcp
ImaamWv. hniv Ant]msebmWv PzenpsImncnpXv. Pzen
psImncnp Anbntev hndIpI CpsImSpm Ah
InmemIpw. hnimIp Ansb iannphm\pw Cc thWw.
]eXcnep CcI \app thWw. Cu hnjb{]]samw
\psS Ima\IfpsS D]ia\n\mbp CcIfmWv. i_vZkv]i
cq ] c k K m Zn I fmb Cc Isf XnmWv Poh Iqm Sp Xv .
Xnmepw Xnmepw Xocn. hopw hopw Cu hnjb hp
sImncnpw.
Fm Cu ssPhnI{]{Inbpdv Hcp ssZhnI{]{Inbbp
v. \nivvNeambn \np kmnkzcq]\mb Adnhnt\mSp B`n
apJyw P\npXmWXv. B Adnhv Asn Bm\w hp
wt]mbpw Ccnp XcnepX. AXv GIamWv. B GIw At\
IXIsmw ImcWhpw A[njvTm\hpamWv. Rm BcmWv? F
tNmZyn\v Rm GIamWv, Rm AdnhpXsbmWv F Dc
amWv e`npXv. Cu almb Adnhns {]kv^pcWfmWv
_mnbpff Fmw.
67
KW\bn\np IhnsXmp km[m
cWanh cpsamgnsmc\ycq]w
\n\hnepanXp \n{Zbnepw ta
en\\Kcnepsapan \q\w.
KW\bn \nv C{nbntbpw a\ntbpw
IWpIqepIv
IhnXv Hv Apdp Hv.
km[mcWw C{nbsImpw a\p
sImpw KWndnbmhp Hv.
Ch cpw Hgn Ch cpw IqSmsX
Hcp A\ycq]w thsd Fsnepw Xcnep
Hcp Adnhv
\n\hnepw C DWnepw C,
CXp \n{Zbnepw Ddnepw C,
ta C\\Kcnepw kz]v\nepw C.
Fpw C FhnsSbpw C.
\q\w CXp XobmWv.
Adnhns taJeIsf cmbn ]Ipphv a\nempXv
imkv {Xobamb Hcp coXnbmWv . Nne a\pjy kwkmcnptm ]eXpw
Iqnpgp kwkmcnpw. Ah NnnpXpw As\XsbmWv .
Atm A s\ bp h cpsS Nnv Hcp ASppw apdbpw
DmnsmSptXv Kpcphns [amWv . Kpcp ]dbp Cu hn`
P\w ]mmXyNnIcpw AwKoIcnpXmWv . Hv tkm]m[nIamb
Adnhv (relative knowledge). KW\ F hmp tIptm
AXv shdpw IWpIq am{Xa. Fmcnep C{nbm\p`h
fpw AXpt]mse t_m[At_m[A[t_m[{]{InbIfpw ChnsS
]dbp KW\bpsS ]cnKW\bn hcpXmWv .
Atm KW\bns]Sp Adnhv km[mcWamWv . km[mcW
Adnhv At\IamWv . C\n ]dbmt]mIp Adnhv tbmKm\p`qXnbn
ssIhcp tbmKnbpsS sXfnhp DamWv . _pnsImv Nnntm
C{nbsImv KWntm Adnbmhp KWn s]X Cu
Adnhv . CXv Fm Adnhnepw Ihn AdnhmWv . Imv ]dbp
transcendental knowledge - AXoXm\w Cu cv ]nIbn
s]SmXmbn aqmasXmcp Xcnep Adnhpw C Fp Kpcp
JWv UnXambn ]dbpp.
Nne aX{Kfnsems s]cpnp ]dpt]mcmdp hyn
KXamb hn{`amIamb (hallucinatory) A\p`hsftmepw km[m
cW Adnhns KWnte Kpcp s]Spnbnpffq. Cmcyw kwib
teiat\y \np kzoIcnmw. C\\Kcw FXv kz]v\ns
temIamWv. a\v F{X kev]nmepw AsXmw km[mcW Adnhp
am{XamWv. Atm KW\bn\npw KW\mXoXambn t_m[s
DbnsbSpv \ncp]m[nIamb m\kXbn Pohnp
h\v temIw _\a. hnjmZnt\m \ncmibv tm hiwhZ\mtI
Imcyan. kwKclnXambn Ah\p Pohnm Ignbpw.
68
AchhSmIrXnt]mel cm
bdnhnepawKnbnepw ISbmte
Hcp IpdnbmcybnXn\mcybmIp
smcpIpdnsbpWtcWaqlimen.
AchhSmIrXnt]m Ibdns BImcs ]mmbn
sXncnpXpt]mse
Al Poh
cmbv cp [mcbmbn
Adnhnepw Bkbntepw
AwKnbnepw A\mkbntepw
ISbmte Htct]mse {]thinpXpsImv
Hcp Ipdn Bhip\npw t\mptm
Bcy apnbntep \bnp
Adnhmbpw
Hcp Ipdn A\mhip\npw
t\mptm
CXv Cv CXv ChnsS
A\mcybmIpp _ImcWambpw Xocpp.
Fv FImcyw
Dulimen a\\ioe
DWtcWw A\mmhn\npw Bmhn
tep DWp a\nemWw.
Hmtcm Ippw ChnsS P\nphogptm cp Xcnepff
km[yXI Ah\n hp `hnm CSbpv. HpIn Ah
sXmb Adnhns tamlhebn Ipcpn Ijv S\jv SfpsS IW
pI ]dv Pohnp kmam\yP\fn Hcph\mbnocpw. As
n Ah ]ca]pcpjmamb apnbntep \bnp Adnhns\
kzoIcnv B amneqsS Ncnv ]q\pw kzX{\pambnocpw.
Cu cp hgnIfpw \psS apn Dsnepw GXp XncsSp
Wsa \nbw hcppXv \fpsS AXphscbp PohnXns
kz`mhw A\pkcnmbncnpw.
Hmtcm Ippw P\npXv Iptd ]qkv acWIfpambnmWv . B
kv acWI \psS km[mcW kv acWIt]mseb. AhyXe
n {]hnp t{]cWIfmWv. Atm AXns\ hmk\
FmWv hnfnpI. hmk\bpsSIqsS \psS Hmtcm Znhks Pohn
Xkwkv IcWhpwIqSn tNsSpw. Atm hmk\bpw kwkv Imchpw
Hcp hynbmb Fn {]hnpp. As\bp Rm ]c
aamb Adnhntev Xncnv A[njv Tm\kXys Adnbm XpSp
Xv BcybmWv . Asn t{ijv Tamb HmWv .
Fm {]nbm{]nbfpsS IXrXzw GsSpnp AwKnbn
emWv Rm hnpsXn AXv A\mcybmb AdnhmWv. CXp
t_m[nnpXcphm thn thZmnI D]tbmKnmdp Hcp
ZrjvSmsbmWv Kpcp ChnsS amXrIbmbn FSpnpXv. Nne
shfnpdhpsImtm atm Npcp p IqSn InS p Ibdp ImWp
tm AXp ]mm sWp \n\p `b hn lz cm Im dp v . Ib dn
]mns\ ImWpXv Adnhp XsbmWv. Fm AXv ChnSs
k`n A\mcybmWv. \mw {]m]nIZriyfn kXys
Zin p tm B Adnhv A\m I am Wv . Fm Ib dn
]mns\ I B BXs shfnw hcp tm Ib dn I
]mns\ \ncm I cnv Ib F kXys Xncn dn bp p. CXv
BcybmWv. \appw {]]Zriysf \ncmIcnv A[njvTm\amb
Bksb kmmXvIcntXmbnpv. Cmcyw Cu tmI
ns LS \sb shfn s Spm klm b I am bn cn pw.
69
{ipXn apXemw XpcKw sXmSpsmcm
{]Xnasbgpw IcW{]hoW\mfpw
cXncYtadnbl caycq]w
{]Xn ]pdta s]cpamdnSpP{kw.
{ipXn apXemw C{nbfnsemmb sNhn
apXemb
XpcKw sXmSpv IpXncIsf ]qn
Hcp B{]Xnasbgpw Bmhns {]Xna Fgpp
IcW{]hoW Bfpw a\s kmcYn \nb{n
pXpamb
cXncYtadn cXnbmIp cYn Ibdn
Al Al
]pdta ]pdp
caycq]w{]Xn kpJhnjbsmw
AP{kw hopw hopw
s]cpamdnSpp NpnncnpsImncnpp.
PohnXw Hcp bm{XbmWv. \mw Hmtcmcpcpw B bm{Xbn
]mfnIfmWv. Cu bm{X XpSnbncnpXv Ftm kw`hn Hcp
Am\n \nmWv. FhnsStbmhv Rms\s adpt]mbn.
F{X Hmnnpw FhnsSbmWv Rm CcnpsXv F\ndn
bm Ign bp n . Ahn sS \n mWv \mw bm{X Bcw `n p Xv .
As\ Hcp bm{XbpsS caWobamb Hcp Nn{XoIcWamWv Cu
tmIw. \mw bm{X sNm Hcp hml\s B{ibnppv. cXn
cYw FmWv B hml\ns t]cv. AXnse kmcnbmbncn
p Rm {]Xna IWsbmWv CcnpXv. {]Xna Poh\mWv.
Bmhns {]Xn_nw_cq]amWv Poh. Rm {]XnabmbnSp
\nmWv F\nv bm{X sNtnhXv.
Fs cYn\p Ap IpXncI Dv. mt\{nbfmIp
Av IpXncI. Gsd {]hoW\mb a\s IcWamWv IpXnc
IfpsS ISnm ]nSnncnpXv. ]t IpXncImIs kpJ
hnjbfn IpXnp]mbm\mWv hy{KX. kpccq]fpw arZp
kv]ifpw lrZyamb cpNnIfpw hmk\Ifpw Im\Icamb
i_vZfpw C{nbsf cannpsImtbncnpp. FmWv Cu
bm{Xv Hcp AdpXnbpXv? Rm Fnse Fs AdnbWw.
Rm thsd FhnsSbpa. Rm FnemsWv AdnbWw. Atm
bm{X Ahkm\np. Bmhn Rm \ne\mIpw. Fnse Ima
\IfpsS Xo AWbpw. IpXncIfpw tXcmfnbpw cYN{Ifpw aqSa
n kqcyIncW Gevptm Aenpt]mIpXpt]mse
Xntcm`hnpw.
70
Hcp cXn Xsblbn{nbmx
IcWItf_csamnsXmsbmbn
hncnbpanXnp hncmasap thdm
adnhhs\dnthmftamntSWw.
Hcp cXnXs Htc Hcp B\w XsbmWv
Al Albmbpw
C{nb C{nbfpw
AxIcW AcWfpw
Itf_cw icochpw
FnsXmsbmbn Fnhsbmw Bbn
hncnbpw thsdthsdbmbn XonSpXv.
thdmw Adnhh Adnbph\mb Rm thsd
Fdnthmfw Fp a\nempnStmfw
CXnp Cu \m\mXz{`an\p
hncmasav? hncmasas\ DmIm\mWv?
HmntSWw \mbn Cmcyw Hm thWw.
B\w Ht bp q. AXv Bm \ am Wv . Bm hns\
am{Xta B\ns t{kmXmbn Adnbm ]mSpq. thsd Fmw
I]St{kmXpIfmWv. anYymXzwsImmWv \ Atmv Hen
pt]mIpXv. hynicocn\v D]m[nIfneqsS am{XamWv Adn
bm Ignbppq. Al, AcW, C{nb, icocw
CsXmw hyn]camb D]m[nIfmWv. Hmtcm a\pjy\nepw Cu
D]m[nIv hyXymkapmbncnpw. Nne BfpIfpsS IpIv
\ ImgvNinbmWv. Fm thsdmcmv hsf Xncn
dnbm\mhpIbn. Nnev Fmw Bgn Nnndnbm\mIpw. ap
NnemIs F{X tImepw a\nemhpIbn. CXv Bmhns
tZmjwsIm. Bmhns\ adphncnp D]m[nIfpsS tZmjw
sImmWv. D]m[nIv Cu tZmjw ssIhncnpXv \psS
hnIeamb IsImmWv . Atm In ipoIcWw
sImphcWw. D]m[nIfpsS tZmjs Xov Bkzcq]s F
s\tbm As\Xs ImWWw.
Htcsbmcp B\w am{Xta Dq. Bmhv Htbpqshn
B\hpw ]eXmIm CSbn. D]m[nt`ZwsImp am{XamWv hnj
bt`mKn\pff Xzc hcpXv. AXns ImcWw Kpcp shfnsSp
pXv A\p`hnp hnjbhpw A\pt`mmhpw thsdthsdbm
sWv AdnbpXpsImmWv. Bm\n Cu thpabn.
hnj b t`m K nemWv t`Zw hcp Xv . AXp sImv Fm t`mK
pw Hcp AdpXn hcpWsan BcXn Hp am{XamWv
kXyambnpq F A\p`h\njvT BnpIbmWv thXv.
71
kh\samgnp kaXzamp \nev]o
eh\nbnemcpa\mZn eoebt{X
AhncfamIpanXmIthbdnm
eh\Xnc kpJw `hnnSpp.
kh\samgnv P\\hpw acWhpw CmsX
Ah\nbn temIn
Bcpw BcpwXs
kaXzamp \neamb \nebn
\nev]oe \npn.
A\mZneoebt{X P\\hpw acWhpw PohnXhpw
BZnbnmsmcp eoebmWv.
AhncfamIpw apSanmsX \Sp
CXv BIth Cu {]{InbIsf ]qambpw
Adnm B\p`qXnIambn Adnm
Ah\v B m\nv
AXnc AXncpIfnm
kpJw ]cam\w
`hnnSpp e`npp.
`mKhX`m {]]s `Khms eoebmbnmWv Zinp
Xv . `Khm Hcp sImpIpns\tmse {]]cN\ \Sn Ifn
pp. B `Khms NmbqpIfn\npw Dcphw sImp \mw
PohnXs IcpnSnnv sImphcptmtgpw `Khm ]pXnb Nmb
tXv \s ambv pIfbpw. AhnsS thsdmcp Nn{Xw hcbv pw.
{]]krjvSnv Hcp tkmtiyXbpsv ]dbpIbpw AsXm
sWv Ism {ianpIbpw sNp XzNnmhn`mKfpv .
Fm As\ Hcp eyhpw C Fpw hmZnphcpv .
Cu cp KWnepw \mcmbWKpcp ]dbp A\mZneoesb
DsSpm IgnbpIbn. \s kw_nnStmfw A\mZn
eoebn ]qambpw \ ]mfnIfmbnn. AXpsImv B
eoebn DtcpI FpXmWv \psS kp\nnXamb Dtiyw.
As\ {]]eoebn DtcpXn XSw \np hyn
KXamb Alsb \nm\w sNm\p {iaw \mw \St
XmWv. {]khnpXns\bmWv kh\w Fv DtinpXv. Cu
{]IcWn BmhnemWv {]kh \SpXv. {]khnpI
am{X a , {]Xn {] k hn p Ibpw sNp p v . GsXmcp K`
n\npw Hv PmXamtbm B K`mibntepXs AXns\
XncnsSppXns\bmWv {]Xn{]khw Fp ]dbpXv. {]khhpw
{]Xn{]khhpw Fspw Bmhn \SpsImtbncnpp.
Hcp apSnhpan.
]n.Un Hukvs]kvIn F NnIs {]knamb Hcp {K
amWv Tertium Organum. Atlw djybn P\n Hcp annmb
KpPn^ns injy\mWv. Hukvs]kvIn ]qtbpw (whole)
Awitbpw (part) kw_np Hcp XzhnNmcw Cu {K
n \Sppv. ]qw Fm AXn At\Iw Awi
DmImw. DZmlcWn\v Hcp cq]bn \qdp ss]kI tNncn
pp. \qdp ss]kI tNphm Hcp cq]bmIpw FpXv
\psS km[mcW KW\bmWv. Cu KW\ \fpsS Nnbn
Fspw hmkvXhambncnpp.
Fm Bmhns\ kw_nnStmfw Cu KW\ hnetm
Ipn. Fa \macq]fmWv {]]w Fp ]dbmw. AXv At\
IamWv. GIamb BmhmWv Cu \macq]v A[njvTm\w.
Fm Fm \macq]tfbpw Iqnhmepw Bmhns ]qX
Inp I bn . \ma cq ] sf \ncm I cnv ]q amb Bm hns\
Hmbn AdnbWw. AXns\bmWv Am\w Fp ]dbp
Xv. \mcmbWKpcp AXpsImmWv AhncfamIp Cu kh\{]
{InbIsf BIth AdnbWw Fp ]dbpXv. Atm Ah
]cam\ns koab thyman aXnadmmZnpp.
72
{Inbsbmcp IqdnXhnZy; tIhew Nn
bn adpIqdnXp hnZy; ambbmte
\nbXanXns\ \nevnepw ]ncn
zb]c`mh\ XpcytaInSpp.
{Inb Hcp Iqdv Hcp hip\npw t\mptm
{InbI \Spp.
CXv AhnZy CXv AhnZybmWv.
adp Iqdv CXns FXnhip\npw
t\mnbm
tIhew Nnbn GIamb Adnhns \ndhp am{Xw.
CXv hnZy CXv hnZybmWv.
ambbmte amb ImcWw
CXv Cs\ hnZybpw AhnZybpw Cs\
\nbXw Fpw
]ncnp\nevnepw thdnp \npsanepw
B Zzb]c`mh\ hnZy, AhnZy F ssZzXn\
pdp Bt_m[s
[ym\npXneqsS
XpcytaInSpp Xpcobm\p`qXn DmIpp.
a\pjy Fsmw sshhn[yap IfmWv sNbvXpsIm
ncnpXv! Hcp arKns PohnXn C{Xam{Xw koX
I Hpw ImWpn. a\pjy {InbI sNpXv ^temtiy
tmSpIqSnbmWv. Ipdp kpJn\nv IqSpX kpJamWv Fm
IfptSbpw eyw. AkwkvIrXhkvXpsf kwkvIcnW
san AXn a\pjy Ahs Azm\s sNeptXmbn
pv. As\bmWv imkv{Xw Hmtcmtcm Ip]nSn \Sn
smncnpXv. ImepsImp \Smhp a\pjy Imdpw hnam
\hpw Ip]nSnXpw \nnsSpXpw {InbIfneqsSbmWv. kpJ
n\pthn {InbI sNbvXpsImncnpXv AhnZy ImcWam
Wv. Fsm kpJw {InbIfpsS kz`mha. Bmhns kz`m
hamWv. Bmhns kz`mhambncnp kpJn\pthn IWn
msX {InbI sNbvXpIqnbnsp Imcyw?
AXpsImv bmKfpw bfpw AXpt]msebp A\p
jvTm\fpw BkmmXvImcn\p t{]mml\obf. i
cmNmcy m\sbmWv Ins m\v Bkm[I
ambn ImWpXv. m\e_v[npthn Iw sNpXneqsS
m\IkapbtZmjw kw`hnpsav imcmNmcy ]dbp
p. IfpsS adp]pdambn hcpXv m\amWv. Nnbambncn
p t_m[s AdnbpXmWv ChnsS hnZy Fp ]dbpXv.
hnZy Hcp m\{]{InbbmWv. AXv BcnIambn Adntb Hm
Wv. AXn\p Ins Bhiyan. Cs\ hnZybpw AhnZybpw
cmbn ]ncnpXs Ftmgpw \npp. Ch cpw ambbpsS
A[o\Xbn hcpXmWv. Pohs kwXpe\mhv hnZybpw
AhnZybpw ]ckv]cw klmbIambn hnpsanepw ]qamb
Bm \p ` h n\v Cu Zzz tbpw Dw Ln t Xm bn p v .
As\ Hcp Zzb]c`mh\bmWv Xpcobm\p`qXnbntev \s \bn
pXv.
73
Hcp s]mcpfnet\Iapt\Iw
s]mcpfnsemchpsa _pnbmte
AdnhneSpat`ZambnsXm
hcpadnhoeXntKm]\obamIpw.
Hcp s]mcpfn Hcp kbn
At\Iapv At\Iw cq]t`Z kw`hnpp.
At\Iw s]mcpfn At\Iw cq]t`Zfn
Hcp Ahpw Hcp Aambpw nXn sNpp.
F _pnbmte Cu m\apmbm
At`Zambn cq]t`Zsfmw t]mbn
AdnhneSpw Adnhns GImIXbn
Fmw hnebnpw.
CXv Cu Zi\w
Fmhcpw Adnhoe Fmhpw a\nemm
Ignbpn.
AXntKm]\obamIpw CXp Xopw clkyamb
m\amWv.
`uXnIimkv{Xw {]]ns ksb At\zjnp sN
tm AXp am BsWp a\ n emn. Htc sbmcp am Cu
{]] nse sshhn y sf ]ns Fs\bmWv P \n n Xv ?
_lp hn [ amb ssPh ssh hn y fn Fmw Htc sbmcp am
Xs bmWv Ccn p sXp ]d bp tm \mw Xw ]d bm dn .
Fm temI nse aX {]] ns {kjv Sm hmbn AZr
iy amb Htc sbmcp Cuiz cs\ {]Ion p tm Nne AXn
Ahn iz kn p Ibpw Nne Aan X ambn hniz kn p Ibpw sNp p.
Cuim hm tkym ] \n jv XpS p Xp Xs PK n semw
Cui Bhknppsp ]dpsImmWv. Cu Zmi\nI{]
tlfnIsb \apv Xom IgnbpXv, ]caamb ImcWn
\nmWv Cu temIw DmbsXpw Fa krjvSnPmefnsemw
B ]caImcWw Aambn Ccnppspw AdnbpXneqsS
Hcp ka\zb_pn ssIhcnpXneqsSbmWv. GIhpw At\Ihpw
Fp Nnt]mepw Ahkm\w Adnhn hneo\amIpw.
Adnhp am{Xta Fm AkvXnXIpw DdhnSambncnppq.
Fmhpw Cu Xzw Adnbm IgnbmXv FpsImmWv?
Kpcp ]dbpp: CXv tKm]yamsWv. CXnsemcp clkykz`mhap
v. hmk\bpsS inbmb Xnaqew B_pn sXfnpIn
m hfsc {]bmkapXpsImmWv Kpcp CXv tKm]\obamsWp
]dbpXv. ]dpsImSpmepw _pnsImv a\nemmsa
msX A\p `q Xn bpsS Xe n hc W sa n hmk \m bw
Dmbn BtNX\bn \njvT DmIWw.
74
s]mSnsbmcp`qhnekwJyasmSnp
sSpsamcp `qhnXn\n `n`mhw;
PUaacpXpt]mse Nnnepw Nn
pSenepannXn\mentXmnteIw.
s]mSn s]mSn
Hcp `qhn Cu `qanbn
AkwJyw FaXmWv.
B s]mSnv DsSpw B s]mSnbpsSsbmw
Dmbncnp
Hcp `qhv Htcsbmcp `qan
CXn\n `n`mhw `qanbn\np thdnv s]mSntm
s]mSnbn\np thdnv `qantm
Dbn.
AXpt]mse AXpt]mse
PUw Nnnepw Aacpp PUw Nnn Denbpp,
Nnv DSenepw Nnv PUamb DSenepw
Denbpp
Cv CXn\m CXpsImpXs ChnsS
Hmn a\\w sNbvXp t\mnbm
CXv Nnpw PUhpw
GIw HmWv.
Cu `qan apgph\pw s]mSnsImv Ipn\ndncnpIbmWv.
Fsmw Xcnep s]mSnI? B[p\nIimkv{Xw ]dbpXv
]catcWpsImmWv {]]w \nnXambnpXv FmWv . Ce
Ivt{SmWpw t{]mtmWpw \yqt{SmWpamWv Hcp B ns DL S
I. Cs\bp Fa B {]]\nnXnbn ]p
tNn cn p p v . Kpcp ChnsS `qan bnse s]mSnsb DZm l cnp
]d bp tm hfsc hni Z amb A n emWv AXns\ a\ n em
t Xv . Ipih Hcp IpSw Dm n bm AXn \p ] tbm Kn Ifn
av s]mSnbmWv. B IpSw apgph s]mSnbmWv. B s]mSnbnsemw
IpSw Ccn p p. IpS n\v BIm cs \Ip Xv s]mSn bm Wv .
s]mSnsb hnv IpSn\ncnmt\m IpSshnv s]mSnncnmt\m
IgnbpIbn. Atmpw Ctmpw Dtncnp Cu Ah
Xs bmWv \psS Poh \nepw D Xv . \mw a\ n t\bpw ico c
tbpw Nne tm sgms cmn a\ n em n tm cm dp v .
sds\ sUmv F ]mmXyNnI\mWv a\nt\bpw ico
ctbpw ]ncnphv Nnbvsmcp cq]`{ZX sImphcphm {ian
Xv. Fm sUmns Nn tcmKmXpcamb Hcp hynXzn
temWv a\pjys\ \bnXv. a\pw icochpw csp [cnp
XneqsS PohnXns AkwXpenXmh XpSpIbmbn. AXp
sImv Kpcp Nnpw PUhpw Fp hn`mKobXI Hcnepw
kw`hnnn Fpw PUn NnancnpIbpw Nnn PU
aancnpIbpw sNppsv shfnsSpn. Imev]\nIambn
a\pjy krjvSn t`Z_pnIsfsbmw Kpcp ka{Kambn ka\z
bnnpIbmWv ChnsS sNpXv.
75
{]IrXn Pew X\p t^\amgnbmm
hlalsaebpXqnPmew
AIaecmdnshms appXm Xm
\pIcphXmaarXmbXnp \q\w.
{]IrXn Pew {]IrXn Pekam\amWv.
X\p t^\w icoc shpanfI
t]msebmWv.
Bgn Bm Bmhn\p kmKcns
kz`mhamWv.
Alw Alw Fv Rm Rm Fv
AebpXv eyanmsX AebpXv
DunPmew XcwK\ncIfmWv
AIaecm Bkq\ambn hncn
Adnshms AdnhpIsfmw
appXm ]cammZIcamb appIfmWv.
Xm AarXmbXnv Hcph Ahsb AarX_np
fmbn ChnsS
\pIcphXmw \q\w Xobmbpw \pIcpp.
D] a I fn eq tSbpw _nw_ fn eq tSbpw {]Xo I fn eq tSbpw
kwkmcnpXv temIv FhnsSbpap ]ucmWnIamb Bym
nIkwlnXIfpsS Hcp {]tXyIXbmWv. B ]ucmWnIkwkvIr
Xn bpsS In apdn bm irwJ esb {]Xn \n [m\wsNp \mcm
b W Kp cphpw D] a I fn eq sSXs bmWv Bm t\z j I \n Aar
X hjw sNmcn bp Xv . Bmhv Bgn t]m se bm Wv . Bgn Htc k
abw Bg ap Xpw A\ hp am Wv . Cu Ah \n bn Bgn tb m
t{ijv T amb Hcp D] asb thsd Hcp hkv Xp hnepw Zin m \m hp
n . B Bgn bnse Pew t]m se bmWv {]Ir Xn.
PeamWv Bgnv kbmbncnpXv. B Pew IpanfIv
cq]w sImSpptm AXns\ {]IrXnbn ImWp sshhn[y
am icocfmbn ImWWw. \nc\ncbmbn AepsImncnp
XcwKPme AlbmWv. XcwK\ncI FmWv At\zjnp
Xv ? Ah Ic bn tev HmSn b Wv kzbw Xn Iv IS
enXs Xncnphnebnpp. AXpt]msebmWv Alw hnjb
p ]nmse AepXncnv kzbw `mi\mbn Bm
hnXs hphnebnpXv. Kpcphns IrXnIfn apgph IS
ens Nn{X hopw hopw {]Xysp ImWmdpv . Kpcp A{X
am{Xw ISens\ ASpdnncnWw. B ISen\Snbn appI
Hfn n cn p Xv D] cn X e n\npw t\mn bm ImWn .
Bgntep t]mIWw. Atm appIfpsS Inp Ie
hdbn \ Fntcpw . AXpt]mse Bmhns Bg
fn\npw Adnhv DWphcptm apnt\m hnebp B
kq\fmbncnpw B AdnhpI. AarX\njynbmb Cu A\p`
hsf Hcp m\nbpsS Ftmgpap Hcp AhbmsWp a\
nemWw.
76
aWefhp sNmcn hm]nbnt
eWnbWnbmbe hoinSphw
A\rX]cc hoinbcmm
hns\bIta _lpcq]amnSpp.
aW Afhv AfhnmsX \nccambn aW
sNmcn hoWpsImncnp
hm]nbnt Ipfn
AWn AWnbmbv Hn\p ]ndsI Hmbn
Ae hoinSp hw AeameI DmIpXpt]mse
A\rX]cc hoin AkXyfpsS ]ccbmIp
Imp hoin
Acmmhns\ kzamb BcnIt_m[s
AIta AXnXs
_lpcq]amnSpp ]ecq]fmn tXmnnpp.
Bmhv kzhpw \nehpamb Hcp Pecmint]msebmWv.
ChnsS Hcp Ipfnse Pent\mSmWv Bmhns\ D]anncnp
Xv. B Ipfntev \nccambn aW hoWpsImncnpIbm
Wv. aWens ]X\mLmXm Pen\pmbncp imn `RvPn
sSpp. Ipfw apgph AeameIfm {]p_v[ambn. CXpt]m
sebmWv Acmmhnsbpw kz`mhw. s]mXpth kzambncnp
Bmhn hmk\IfpsS Imp aqew _mlyhnjb hphoWv
AcwKw Imdpw tImfpw sIm ISt]msebmIpp. kuayamb
Bhnipn \ndncptm \mw FhntSbpw ZinncpGIX
s]mbvt]mIpp. \m\mXz{`aw Dfhmp {]]krjvSnI shdp
pfhmphbmbpw Nnetmsgms Bkn Dfhmphbmbpw
amdpp. PohnXnse Fmhn[ sshImcnI{]p_v[XIfpw kw`
hnpXv CcnemWv.
tSmtmbnbpsS AmIcn\o\ F hntizmcIrXnbn
AbptSbpw Ico\nsbpw kam[m\]qamb PohnX n tep
IS p h t{hmkv In F A bpsS Imap I AXp hsc \ne
\n n cp im kp c amb Pohn Xs Cf n a dn p p. IpSpw
__ BSnbpep. kvt\ln\p thnbp anYybmb
]c w ]m n en Dd Hcp \new \jv S sv ]nSn p \nm \m
hmsX A sdbnm f n Xe hv B lXy sNp p.
tSmkv tmbn bpsS Cu t\mh ens X\n bm h \ Xs
bmWv \ fpsS Pohn X nse ]e kw` h fpw. hnj b sf
Bm hns kz am Pe cm inbntev IS n hn SmsX t\m
Ww. \mw \psS Bm hns\ AXns kzm`m hn I X bn im
am bn cn m am{Xw A\p h Zn p I.
77
]csamcp hnp, ]c in Imm
adnh\e, Pea, an{nbmw
[cWn, bnXns\bp Xzambv \n
scnbpanXns clkytaIamIpw.
]csamcp hnv ]caamb BmhmWv BImiw.
]c in Immw khym]nbmb ambmin
bmWv ImmbncnpXv.
Adnhv A\e Adnhv AnbmWv.
Pew Aw C{nb PeamWv.
C{nbmw [cWn C{nbhnjbfmWv `qan.
CXns\ Cs\ kpw Nnpw Hcp
hyhbn
Ap Xzambv Ap Xzambn
\nscnbpw \nscnpsImncnpp.
CXns clkyw Ap `qXfpw Adnhns
Ap `mhfpw tNscnbp
Cu clkyw
GIamIpw GIamWv.
{]]w Hcp hyhbmWv (system). B hyh \ninXamb
Nne \nbafneqsSbmWv \SnembnsmncnpXv . _mlytemIv
{]]ns\mcp hyhbpXpt]meXs BcnItemIpw Hcp
hyhbpv . Cu cp hyhIfpw Hnp Hcp knm\hp
apv . Cs\ kakv XXtbbpw Dsmp Hcp Nnmkwhn[m
\s]n {^ntPm^v Im{] Pohs amdme (Web of Life) F {K
n khnkv Xcw NsNppv . AIhpw ]pdhpw F t`ZanmsX
ka{Kambn Nnnp Hcp LS\sb (structure) Atlw aptmph
bv pp. systems thinking, network thinking, holystic thinking,
organismic thinking - FsmsbWv Atlw B NnmcoXnp
t]cpsImSpncnpXv .
\mcmbWKpcphmIs CsXmw hfsc apt ASppw apdtbmSpw
IqSn Adnbp hn[w ]dpXncnpIbmWv . Hcp hiv BImiw,
hmbp, An, Pew, ]rYnhn CsXmst _mly{]]w. C\n B
c{]]n Xpeyambn ]caamb t_m[w, ]cSnp ambmin,
\nXyPohnXn DmIp tkm]m[nIamb AdnhpI, C{nb,
C{nbm Ch Ant\bpw ]`qXfpambn XndnbWw.
BImiw \apv ]cnNnXamWv . Fm ]caamb BmImiw \apv
]cnNnXa. AXpsImmWv BImins A\Xbpw HuXyhpw
kqv aXbpw khym]IXbpw Fmw IWnseSppsImv ]ca
amb t_m[s AXpambn tNphbv pXv .
hmbphns in A{]XnlXamWv . FmbnSpw ]cSnpsIm
ncnp Imnt\mSmWv ambminsb _sSppXv. Hcp
sNdnb AWp apX BImiw hscbp khnepw ambmin
Hfnpw sXfnpw hoippv. t_m[nepmIp Fm Adn
hp Ifpw An X z am Wv . C{n b fm Is Pe X z s bmWv
{]Xn\n[m\w sNpXv. [cWnsb C{nbhnjbfpambn tbmPn
ndnbWw. Atm \mw Nnnv Hcnepw ImSpIbdn t]mhpIbn
. tIhet_m[n Chsbmw Hcp hyhtbmSpIqSn s]cpamdp
Xv Hcp kmnsbtmse t\mnmWm IgnhpmIpw. ]caamb
BmZamWXv.
78
acWhpan ]pdpan hmgvhpw
\ckpccmZnbpan \macq]w
acphnea acoNn \ocpt]m \n
evs]mcps]mcpfmw s]mcpfntXmntSWw.
acWhpw C acWhpw C.
]pdpw C P\\hpw C.
hmgvhpw AXn\nSbnep PohnXhpw C.
\ckpccmZnbpw C a\pjy, tZhm XpSnbhcpan.
\macq]w Chsbmw \mafpw cq]fpw
am{XamWv.
acphn Aa acp`qanbn ImWmdp
acoNn \ocpt]m Pe{]XoXnt]mse
\nevs]mcp s]mcpfmw \ne\np HmWnXv.
CXv s]mcpf \macq]sfmpw ]caamb
kXya.
HmntSWw CXv Ftmgpw kvacnWw.
acWamWv a\pjys\ hmsX `bsSppXv. acnptm
\apv ]eXpw \jv S am Ip Xp t]mse tXmpw. Cu temI nse
kpJ ]ns A\p ` hn p hm Ign bp I bn . ac W ap Xp
sImv am{X amWv kXytbpw ssZh tbpw a\p jy At\z
jnpXpt]mepw. ItTm]\njn arXyphns h{ntev
A`ni]vX\mb \NntIXv [ocXtbmsS \SpsNv tNmZnp
tNmZyw, arXyp hns\ Fs\ AXn ew Ln m Ignbpw Fp
Xm Wv . knm cm P Ip am c ac W ns _o` apJw Iv
`bpw ZpxJnpw BWv sImmcw hnv Cd n tm b Xv . ac W n
s\mcp ]cn lm c ant F dn bm thn.
Kpcp ]dbpp, acWhpan. Rm acnpn. acnpn Fp
am{Xa Rm P\nnn Fpw Kpcp kzbw ]dbpp. P\nnnm
Kpcphns\pdnmWv \mw XnpXv . P\nnnm Hcp Kpcphns
t]cnemWv \mw kwLS\Isfms Dmn AWn\ncpXv . Kpcp
hopw ]dbpp: F\nsmcp PohnXw Dmbncpn Fv . Btm
]tZiiXIns clkyw a\nemnsbSpWsan euInI_p
ntbmSpIqSn Nnnm ]mSn. B_pn sXfnphcWw. Rm
BmhmsWdnbptm imcocnIamb Akv XnXbn\nsmw hnap
\mbn. BmhmIs P\\acWfnmsX Fpw \ne\np
DbmWv .
icocamWv P\npXpw \ne\npXpw acnpXpw. Rm
icocamsWp IcpXph acnpp. icocns\snepw Xw
]nbm ZpxJnpp. PohnXnepS\ofw Ch ]cmXnIfpw Ip
sSpepIfpambn Pohnpt]mcpp. Fm Kpcp \sf Bm
hntep WnpIbmWv. AhnsS Rm, a\pjy t]mepa.
AhnsS tZhmtcm Akpcmtcm C. Bt_m[w DWh\v
CsXmw shdpw \mafpw cq]fpw am{XamWv. Npps]mp
shbneptm acp`qanbneqsS ZmlPen\pthn AepXn
cnbptm AIse Pemibw ImWpp. shw sInnSp
Xpt]mse. ]t, F{X \Smepw B Pemibntev \apv
Fm Ignbpn. hopw hopw AIpt]mbvsmtbncn
pw. AXp Im\P e am Wv . Im\ Fm tXm Fm
Ww. Im\PewsImv Zmlw XocpIbn. Im\Pen\p
bmYmXYyamb \ne\npw C.
AXpt]mse P\\hpw acWhpw \ne\npw Fmw Bn
X\mb Hcph\n acp`qanbn ImWp Pe{]XoXn t]msebmWv.
AhnsS bYmn Pew Dmtbm? Pew Dmbnn. Fmepw
\ Ip. Pew DXpt]msebpw Pew \ne\npXpt]m
sebpw tXmnnp. kqcys {]Imiw Ipdphtm Pe{]
XoXnbpw \jvSambn. CXpt]msesbmsbmWv PohnXns Imcy
hpw. s\Snb In\mhmWv PohnXw Fp ]d Kpcphn\v AtX kzc
ns ]dbmw ac W hp an ]pd p an ]ns FmWv
PohnXw?
79
P\nkabw nXnbn Pnb\y
WaXnennXncnsX{]Imcw?
l\\hpans\XsbmIbmte
P\\hpannXp NnXv{]`mhsamw.
P\nkabw P\np thfbn
nXnbn Pnsb Ah C.
Pn P\nph
A\yWaXn P\np kabmsX
C Pnp \ne\nev]pan
CXv CcnXv F{]Imcw Htckabw Dbpw Cmbvabpw
HnncnpXv Fs\bmWv
l\\hpw Cs\ Xs P\\stmseXsacWhpw
Cs\XsbmWv.
BIbmte AXpsImv
P\\hpan P\\hpan, acWhpan.
CXv Fmw ChnsS ImWpsXmw
NnXv {]`mhw Adnhns ApXIcamb
{]`mhw am{Xw.
P\npI FsXmcp {InbbmWv . {Inb Fm Ne\amWv . Nen
p Hn\p \neXbn. {Inbbn AXpsImv nXnbn. P\\w
F {Inb \Sp thfbn Pnv AXn nXnsNm Ignbp
Ibn. P\\aph\mWv Pn. Pn ssXnIamb Hcp \nebmWv .
AsXmcp {]{Inbb. Cu {]tlfnImP\yamb hmgv hns clkyn
tev shfnw hoip Cu tmIw [ym\mIambn Cg]ncnsSpt
HmWv . P\np kabv Pn CmXncnpIbpw P\\w Ignm
]ns Pn Fp hnfnm IgnbmXncnpIbpw sNpp. P\\w
F {]{Inbbn\npw thsdmcp {]{Inbbntep ISptm Ahn
tSbpw Pnp m\anmsX t]mIpp.
Cu temIw Fp ]dbpXv Ne\hpw \neXbpw IqSn
eXmWv. t_m[w \neamWv. temIw NenpsImncnp
XmWv. Hcp DZmlcWw ]dbpIbmsWn ISens Bgn \n
e X bp m bn cn thXs apI cv {]p _v [ am bn cn pw.
thsdmcp DZmlcWw FSppIbmsWn Npgenmns \m`n
\neamb Hcp tI{amWv. Cu tmIw Du sImSppXv Fm
{InbIfpw Adnhn \Sp ApXIcamb {]`mh am{Xam
sWp ]dbm\mWv. P\\hpw acWhpsamw B alm{]`mhn
kw`hnpXmWv. Bt_m[w sXfnbptm Cu {]`mhns
ImnIXbn\npw \mw ap\mIpw.
80
nXnKXnt]mse hntcm[nbmb krjvSn
nXnebsasmcp Znnsemp hmgpw?
KXnbnh aqn\psapanntXmm
nXn apXembh Kocp am{XamIpw.
nXnKXnt]mse Hcp hkvXp nXn sNptm
Nenpn. Nenptm B
hkvXp nXn sNppan.
hntcm[nbmb Cs\ nXnbpw KXnbpw Htc
kabw tNcmXpt]mse
krjvSnnXn ebw krjvSn, nXn , ebw Fo
{]{InbI
Fsmcp Znn Fs\bmWv HtcbnSv
Hp hmgpw HnncnpXv?
Ch aqn\pw krjvSn, nXn, ebw
Ch aqn\pw
KXn Fpw C kzX{amb Hcp AkvXnXbn.
CtXmm Cs\ hnNn\w sNbvXm
nXn apXembh `qan apXemb Fm `qXfpw
Kocp am{XamIpw shdpw hmpI am{XamsWp
t_m[yamIpw.
Cu {]]n \mw Ipt]mcp ]ekw`hfnepw Hfn
ncnp sshcpysf \mw {inmsX t]mbnpv. Hcp
hkvXp HcnSv nXn sNpp Fp ]dm B hkvXp \n
emhbnemWv FdnbWw. ]ns AXn\v Fs\bmWv Ne\w
DmhpI? hkvXp Htbpp Fn AXv ]ns FhnsS\nv
Ftmv Nenpw? NenpXv HcnSp\nv thsdmcnStm
Wv. Ne\w XpSm HcnSw thWw. Ahkm\nm HcnSw thWw.
AXn\nSbnep Acmfhpw thWw. Bmhn\p Papsp ]d
bpIbmsWn AXn\p \mihpw Dmbncnpw. P\nnWsan
thsd Hv DmbncnWw. Atm cv D DmIpp. cv D
Iv HtcbnSv Htckabw Ccnm IgnbpIbn. Hcp tai hncn
p CSv Hcp Itkcp nXn sNm IgnbpIbn. AXpsImv
Bk GIambncnpXn\m Bkbn Ne\an. Ne
\anm Hn\v \neambn \nt Bhiyhpan.
krjvSn Fp ]dbpXv Hcp Ne\amWv. ebw Asn \miw
Fp ]dbpXv thsdmcp Ne\amWv. AXn\nSbnep \ne\nn
s\bmWv nXn Fp ]dbpXv. CsXms BkbpsS GI
Xsb [ym\npdnm shdpw hmpI am{Xambnocpw. \mw
hymh lm cn I tem I n A\p ` hn p Fm A\p ` h fnepw
hmpIfm \nns Hcp {]m]nIt_m[amWv \s \nb
{n p Xv . B t_m [ n\npw hmns {]k n Isf
ASnamnbm krjvSn Fpw nXn Fpw ebw Fpw \mw
]dpt]mcp {]{InbIfpw Ahkm\npw. Cu \ndhmWv sshcp
yanm \psS BcnIX.
81
{]IrXn ]ncnsmcp Iqdp t`mrcq]w
kIehpambv shfntb kapknpw
Cl]camsamcp IqdnZbmte
hnIknXamanXp t`mKyhnizamIpw.
{]IrXn ]ncnv Binbmb {]IrXn ]ncnv
Hcp Iqdv Hcp `mKv
t`mrcq]w t`mmhmbn \npp.
Hcp Iqdv adp`mKv
CZbmte CZ ImcWw
Cl]camw Cl]cfmb
kIehpambn Fmambn
shfntb kapknpw _mlytemIw {]Xn`mknpp.
CXv CXmWv
hnIknXamw hnIknp \np
t`mKyhnizamIpw t`mKyhnizambncnpXv.
kpJw DbnSp am{Xta Bcpw PohnpIbpq. \ Imem
hbp CStv BfpI t]mImdnt? \ kp CS
fntev BfpI t]mImdnt? kpJs XncpsImmWv a\p
jy Hmtcm \nanjhpw PohnpXv. Cu kpJs A\p`hnp
Xv BcmWv? AsXmcp AlbmWv. AXns\ hniZoIcnpIbmWv
Kpcp ChnsS sNpXv . Bmhns Ccnp Hcp inbmWv
{]IrXn. B {]IrXn kzbw cmbn ]ncnbpp. temIs `pPnp
hm\p XmsdSpmWnXv. `pPnWsan Al t`mmhns
cq]w ssIsmWw. ckap hkvXp am{Xta t`mmhn\p
{]nbX Dmppq. A{]nbw Dfhmp hkvXpsf Xnf
bptmgpw t`mmhn\v ckw DmIpw. t`mmhv A\p`hnpsIm
ncnp Cu ]pdwtemIw cp Xcnep kpJw {]Zm\w sNp
pv. Nne t`mKy AtmXs kpJw sImSppp. Ah
sFlnIfmWv. Nneh Iptd Ignv kpJm\p`hs \Ipp.
Ah ]cfmWv.
\psS hmbn Hcp a[p c ] e lmcw Cp X cn I bm sW n
Atms \apXns ckadnbmw. kpJw A\p`hnpIbpw
sNmw. Fm Hcp hmg hm Iptd IgnmWv \apXns
^ew e`npXv. IfpsS ^ew Cs\ ]ncnp \np
Xns\ ASnm\amnbmWv Clw Fpw ]cw Fpap hnh
ChnsS tNncnpXv. Cu t`mmhn\p tap\Sphm\p
CSamWv t`mKyhnizw. AXpw {]IrXnbpsS Hcp ]pdamWv. t`mm
sh ]pdhpw t`mKyhnizsa adp]pdhpw tNv hymhlmcnItemIw
Dmbnhcpp. Bkzcq]w Atmgpw hnImcclnXambns \ne
sImpp. \mw Bk XsbmWv.
82
AcWnISsgpant]msebmcm
bvhhcencpXncsgpw hnthIw
]caNnZw_cam `m\phmbv \n
scnbpaXnncbmbnSpp khw.
AcWn ISsgpw AcWn ISbptm AXn
\npw Pzenpbcp
Ant]mse Xo t]mse
Bcmbvhhcn Ccpv m\s At\zjn
phcn\nv
AXncsgpw hnthIw AXncpIfnmsX DZnpbpcp
m\{]Imiw
]caNnZw_cam ]caamb NnZmImin
\ndp \np
`m\phmbv \nscnbpw Bkqcy\mbn Fcnp
sImncnpw
AXnv B m\mnbn
CcbmbnSpp khw Fmw Insbcnbpp.
PohnXw Hcp X]mWv. B X]\{Inb \SpXv AcWn
I ISbpXpt]msebmWv. bIpWvUn Xo ]nSnnphm
cv acjW Xn DcmWv Xo DmpXv. B acIj
WsfbmWv AcWnI Fp ]dbpXv. Xmsg hncnp Ac
Wnsb A[cmcWn Fpw apIfn IS p sIm n cn p Ac
Wnsb D cm cWn Fp amWv hnfn p Xv . IS n AXns
aqbn FptmgmWv AXn\npw An PzenpbcpXv.
ssaYp\{]{Inbbnepw CtXt]mep Hcp aY\amWv \SpXv.
AhnsS PzenpbcpXv B\aqbmWv.
ChnsS PohnXamIp X]\{]{Inbbn Hcp Xm]k\v t`mm
hmbncnp Xs Albpw t`mKyhnizambncnp {]]hpw
XnemWv ]caamb Hcp aqeykmmXvImcn\pthn kwLj
WntesncnpXv. t`mmhpw t`mKyhnizhpw Hcp {]tXyI
A\pcW\mIXbn Fntcptm Bm\p`hw {]fbmn
t]mse Altbbpw euInIXtbbpw hngpnfbpp. ssZzX
f Dshfn tXPnb Hcp kqcy\mbn {]Iminpp. Pohn
Xnse Ccp inIfn\nv \app ]pdpISm Ignn
cnpp. Imaw, t{Im[w, Akqb Ahsbmw m\mnbn ZKv[
ambntmbn. Cu kmmXvImcamWv Btm]tZiiXIw \app
mncpXv. PohnXns NnZw_cntev \s ssI]nSn
pbpp. CXmWv ]caamb Aw FdnbWw.
83
DSbpancnpapZnpsamp amdn
pScpanXnpSen kz`mhamIpw
apSnbnencpdnbpp aqpamm
hnScdpsamnXp \nhnImcamIpw.
DSbpw \inpw
Ccnpw nXn sNpw
DZnpw P\npw
HpamdnpScpw Hcp cq]w amdn thsdmcp cq]
n XpScpw
CXv Cu ]cnWmaw
Cv DSen ChnsS icocns Xen
kz`mhamIpw kzm`mhnIambn kw`hnp
sImncnpw
apSnbnencpv kmXoXambn hnv
Bm t_m[w
aqpw Adnbpp krjv SnnXnebsf Adnbpp.
CScdpw ZpxJw Apt]mb
HnXv Cu Bmhv GIamWv.
\nhnImcamIpw Cu Bmhv amanmXpamWv.
{io_p\mWv PohnXns WnIXsbpdnv Zmi\nIamb
Hcp ]cn t{]yw (perspective) \apv BZyw ]d p X Xv .
Atlw {]]hkvXpfpsS P\\hpw \ne\npw acWhpsamw
imizXamb B\s {]Zm\w sNpnsv \s t_m[ysSp
n. _p ]dbpp: temIPohnXw icmetaLsftm
sebmWv. Hcp \rn Ne\ amdnamdn hcpXpt]msebmWv
P\\hpw acWhpw kw`hnpsImncnpXv. IcntaLp
IpdptI Hfnanp Hcp hnZypX IWsbmWv Pohmbpv ISp
t]mIpXv . Fsmcp {ZpXKXnbmWXn\v . sNpmb Hcp ae
bn\npw DutmsS Xmtgp {]hlnp Pe]mXw t]msebm
WXv. AXpsImmWv _p temIPohnXs ZpxJambn IXv.
Fm \mcmbWKpcp As\sbmcp hnjmZmIXsb ]n
b ]dbpXv. HpmhpIbpw \ne\npIbpw \inpIbpw
sNpXv icocns kz`mhamsWmWv. kz`mhw Fm am
anm \nbaw FmWv. {]]nse Cu ssPhnI{]{InbI
sfsbmw \app XSpm IgnbpIbn. XSpm am\knIXe
nepw imcocnIXenepw B k{]hmlw A\mtcmKyIcamb
Hcp hnjaknsb krjvSnpw. Fm ChnsS thsdmcp t]mwhgn
]dbpp: Rm Fp ]dbp k krjv SnnXnebv AXo
Xamb Hcp DbmsWmWv. AXoXw Fp ]dm CXn\p
]pdv F. Cu aqv {]{InbIpw Bmhn m\apv.
Fm Cu aqv {]{InbIfmepw Bmhn\v Hcp `mht`Zhpw kw`
hnpn. Bmhv apSnbnencpv aqpw Adnbpp.
F{_lmw amkv temhns\tmsebp a\x im kv {X
DpwKm\p`qXn (peak experience) Fp ]dbpXv apSnbnencpv
AdnbpXns\bmWv. apSn Fp ]dm DpwKamb Xew. `mhm
XoXXew. AXpsImv Bmhv Hcp Xcnep hnImcn\pw ASn
sSpn. Hcp Xcnep ZpxJhpw Bmhns\ ]nSnIqSppan. AXv
Ftmgpw DbpXmWv F An kmWv . AXv Ftmgpw
AdnpsImncnpp F An NnmWv . AsXtmgpw
B\npsImncnpp F An B\amWv .
84
AdnhXn\meh\ohnImcaps
cpfpantXmne kXyapXpho
\nch[nbmbv \nebp \nev]sXm
adnhnsegpw {]IrXnkzcq]amIpw.
AdnhXn\m AdnbpXpsImv
Ah\o hnImcw ans cq]mcfmb Iew.
IpSw apXembh
Dsv DXmsWv
Acpfpw \mw ]dbmdpv.
DXv Dho kXyn ap am{Xtabpq.
CtXmn AkXyw CXdnm Iew, Nn Fo
hnImcsfmw AkXyamWv.
\nch[nbmbv Fa Xcn ImW
sSpsXmw
\nebp \nev]sXmw kzambn AkvXnXbnm
\macq]fmWv
Adnhnsegpw Adnhn\npw Fgpp hcp
{]IrXn kzcq]amIpw {]IrXnbpsS kzcq]amWnsXmw.
GsXmcp hkvXp \nnpXn\pw Hcp ]Zmw Bhiyam
Wv. B ]ZmamWv B hkvXphns bYm kbmbncnp
Xv. kv]nt\mk F ]mmXyNnI Cu ksb substance
FmWv hnfnXv. Hcp Ipeme Ifnav Acp Ipgv AXns\
IpemeZWvUpw N{Ihpw D]tbmKnv ]cphsSpn ]m{X Dm
pp. Nn, Iew, ]m\, IqP, IpSw CsXmw B Ifnan\nv
Ipeme DmnsbSppp. Ifnan \nn B Hmtcm cq]
tbpw t\mn \ntfmSv tNmZnpIbmWv: CsXmWv? \n
]dbpw, CXp NnbmsWv, CXp IeamsWv. Atm Ifnas
hnsStmbn? Iew F \mansbpw cq]nsbpw adhn Ifna
s k AIspt]mbn. \man\pw cq]n\pw AanXamb
{]k nbpw {]m[m \yhpw \mw Adn bmsX sImSp p t]m Ip p.
ksb adpt]mIpp. Cu {]]n \nch[n cq]fpw \nc
h[n \mafpw tNv {]]ns ksb adphbvpp. \ma
cq]fpsS tamlhebn \mw IpSpntmIpp.
a\v \ma fpsS kzm[o \ n s]n cn p I bm Wv . B a\
nXs cq] fpsS {]Xn ` I fp ap v . cq]w Fp ]d bp tm
AXn\v C{n b tKm N c amb Hcp A kv Xn Xbpw at\m tKm N c amb
thsdm cp Akv Xn Xbpapv . C{n b tKm N c amb cq]w hymh lm cn
I am Wv . C{n b tKm N c amb shw IpSn mte \psS Zmlw amdp
I bp q. Fm sh n\v at\m tKm N c amb Hcp {]Xn ` bp ap
v . a\ n e S n bn cn p sh ns {]Xn` \psS Zmlw
amp I bn . ChnsS ]d bp cq]m I Xbpw \mam I Xbpw ]mc
amn I X bn am{Xta \ne bp \np pp Fpw Adn b
Ww. B Adn hmWv \s kzX { \m p Xv .
85
\ngsemcp _nw_at]nbmsX \nev]o
segpapesIpa_nw_amIbmte
\ngepaXnXp t\cpa hnZzm
s\gpXnbnSpw ^Wnt]mse ImWpsamw.
\ng \ng
Hcp _nw_w Hcp _nw_s
At]nbmsX B{ibnmsX
\nev]oe \ne\npn.
Fgpw DeIv Fpw FmbnSpw {]XoXambnm
Wp temIw
A_nw_amIbmte Hcp _nw_s B{ibnp
\ngenpX.
\ngepaX AXn\m {]]w \ngepa.
CXp t\cpa kzbw k DXpa.
hnZzm NXpc\mb Hcp IemImc
FgpXnbnSpw hcbvp
^Wnt]mse ]mns\tmse
ImWpsamw Fmw ImWsSpIbmWv.
Hcp Pemibns apn \mw sNp \nptm \psS
BsI cq]w kv ^SnIkmiamb B Pemibn {]Xn^enpw.
As\ {]Xn^enptm Pen ImWpXv \psS {]XnOmb
bmWv . \mw BWv _nw_w. Pen {]XnOmb DmbncnpXv
\mw D XpsImmWv . Fm {]]s Hcp \ngt]mse Icp
Xm Ignbpn. {]]w Hcp {]Xn_nw_amsWn {]]n\p
ImcWambncnp _nw_w FhnsSbmWncnpXv ? Bmhv GI
amWv . AZzbamWv . AsXmcnepw \m\mXztmSpIqSn {]Xn^enp
Ibn. AXpsImv Bmhns {]Xn_nw_amWv {]]w Fp ]d
bms\mpIbn. {]]n\mIs kzbta Hcp Akv XnXbpan. \nh
Nnm Ignbm coXnbnemWv {]]ns \ne.
B_v sFo {]]w Imensbpw tZinsbpw
kn{iWamsWmWv \nhNnXv . Fm sslk _Kns\tm
eph {]]ns kqv atcWpfpsS ]T\n\mbn Xp\n
tm AhnsS ]camWp Dspw Cspw ]dbm Ignbm
nXnbn imkv {Xmsc {`annpsImncnpXmbn ]dp.
As\bmWv sslk_Kns {]]knmw uncertainty prin-
ciple Bbn amdnbXv. thZmhpw {]]s DmnmWnp
ambsb A\nhN\ob FmWv hnfnpXv . AXoh\n]pW\mb
Hcp IemImc Nn{Xw hcm B Nn{Xw PohpXmbn tXmmdp
v . Hcp ]mnsbmWv Nn{Xw hcbv psXn B Nn{Xw Im
\mw `bp \nehnfnpw. AXpt]msebmWv Bmhnepw {]]c
N\ \SpsImncnpXv . Bmhn Xsbncnp Hcp in
bmWv XqenI ]nSnpXv . CXp \nhNnp a\nempXnt\m
ApX]cX{XtbmsS BkzZnpXmWv elcnZmbIw.
86
X\p apXembXp khsamnsemn
\rXhpambXn\mseb\y`mKw
A\pZn\akvXanbmXncnbmte
]p\crXcq]hpambvsmennSpp.
X\p apXembXp icocw apXembh
kw Fmw
Hn Hn Hcp icocn thsdmcp icocan.
AXn\mse AXpsImv
A\y`mKw Hcp icocn Cm ap
icoc
A\rXhpambn AkXyambnocpp.
]p\x Fm
A\pZn\w Fspw
AkvXanbmXncnbmte (Bk) \inpt]mImXncn
pXpsImv
EXcq]hpambv EXamb icocw GnsImv
s]mennSpp {]IminpsImncnpp.
X\p Fm icocamWv . GsXmcp icocn\pw nXn sNm
ew thWw. Hcp icocw {]tXyI CSn nXn sNpXp
t]mseXs AXns\mcp Imehpw thWw. Fp ]dm GsXmcp
icocn\pw Imenepw tZinepw am{Xta nXn sNm\mhpI
bpq. Fs taipds ]qm{Xn Csmcp tdmkm]pjv]w
Ccnppsn thsdmcp tdmkm]pjv]n\v B ]qm{Xn
Ccnm Ignbn. Hcp ]qhn\p am{Xta nXn sNm AXn CS
apq. Atm B ]qm{Xn Ccnm IgnbmsX t]mIp
At\Iw ]qfpv. ]qm{Xs kw_nnStmfw Ahsbmw
]qm{Xn CmhbmWv. AXmbXv B Htcsbmcp tdmkm]qhv
AmsXmw CmhbmWv. Ahsbmw A\y`mKamWv. AXp
sImv A\rXhpamWv. AkXyhpamWv.
CXpt]mse icocfpsS Xen Hn thsdmn\p nXn
sNm IgnbpIbn. tbip{InkvXphn {io_p\v nXn sNm
IgnbpIbn. Itkcbn taipw nXn sNm IgnbpIbn.
Hn thsdmns A`mhs \mw ImWppv. Cu thsdmp
Isfms A\ybmWv. s]menbpanX\y Fv KpcpXs ]dnp
v. CsXmw Zmi\nIamb IpgadnnepIfmWv. Fm hfsc
A\m bm k ambn Kpcp CXns\ kao I cn p Xv C s\ bm Wv :
Fm Hcp k Aev ]w t]m epw a temsX Cu ico c
smw B[mcambncnppv. AXv BkbmWv. AXv
DZbmkvXabfnmXmWv. Fsmw ChnsS Dcpthnbncnp
ptm Ahsbmw B BkbpsS DcphfmWv . AXpsImv
AXns\ D]\njn ]dbpXv EXw FmWv . Cu {]m]nIicoc
sf apgph EXambn AdnbWw. Cu AdnhmWv imizXamb Pohn
Xs {]Zm\w sNpXv .
87
X\nsbbnsXmsbpapp Xntemtcm
cn\anXcfnen,bn{]Imcw
X\p apXembXp kpatbmm
e\rXhpaXhmNyambnSpp.
X\nsb CsXmbpapv Hmtcmtcm hkvXpsf Hbvsm
v FSppt\mnbm
CsXmw DXpXsbmWv.
Xn Hmtcm C\w Xn Hcn\w
CXcfnen asmcn\n C
C{]Imcw CXpt]mse
X\p apXembXv icocw apXembh
kpa kbpX.
Hmm ]cntim[np t\mnbm
A\rXhpa Ah CmXpa.
AXv AhmNyambnSpp AXp hmpsImv samgnbm\m
hmXmIpp.
Hmtcmnt\bpw FSppt\mnbm Fmn\pw Dbpv.
tXbpv, ambpv, ]iphpv, \mbbpv, agbpv, shbnepv.
shbn C Fp ]dbphm Ignbpn. am C Fp ]dbp
hm Ignbpn. Fm ]iphn IpXncbn. ]ip Hcp C\amWv.
IpXnc thsdmcp C\amWv. Hn thsdmns Cmbva hcpXp
sImv icocw kmsWv ]dbphm IgnbmXv. kmsWn
FhnsSbpw Fmbvtmgpw DmbncnWw. kv Cmbvabn.
kv C\an. k kam\m[nIcWamWv . Fm amdn sm
n cn p ico c Cm bv av hg n sm Sp p Xn \m,
\in p t]m Ip Xn \m Ahbv p kzbw D bn Fp ]d bm
Ign bpw. Fm Ahsb ]q ambpw C Fp ]d bm \pam hp
n .
\ XWpp cm{Xnbn InfnpXpsImp ]pXbv ptm
XWpv AIp t]mIppv. NqSp InpIbpw sNpp. Infn C
Fp ]dbphm Ignbpn. Infnv hymhlmcnIamb AkvXnX
bpv. AXpsImv AXv A\rXhpa. icocfpsS temIn Hcp
Xcw A\nhN\obX Xn\nppv . FsSpmepw Dspw
Cspw Htckabw ]dbm Ignbpw? Dspw Cspw Hcpanp
]dbpXv Hcp sshcpyamWv. \apsmcp icnbmb hoWtIm
CmXpsImmWv Cu sshcpyw P\npXv. BnX\mb
Hcph\v Cu sshcpy DmIpn. Dbpw Cmbvabpw hen
sbmcp Dbn \Sp GdnamdnncnbemWv. AXp Xncndnb
Ww. AhmNyamb HmWv temIw.
88
kIehpapXpXs XzNnm
{Kl\nXp khptaIambv {Klnpw
AIapJambdnbmbvIn ambbmw h
]I ]eXpw {`ataInSpp ]mcw.
kIehpw DXpXs Fmw DbpXpXsbmWv.
XzNnm{Kl Xzs a\\wsNbvXp a\n
emph
CXp khpw \macq]mIamb apgph
temItbpw
GIambv {Klnpw Htcsbmcp Dbmbn Dffdnbpw.
AIapJambv Bm`napJambn
AdnbmbvIn Adnbmm
ambbmw h]I ambbmIp henb i{Xp
]eXpw \m\mXz_pnsb DWn
{`ataInSpp ]mcw henb {`aw Dmpp.
temIw anYybmsWp tIptm B Zi\s BfpI
sImcpXmXpw _pniq\yhpambn IcpXpp. AXpsImv i
cmNmcy {_kXyw PKnYym Fp ]dtm euInIt`mKn
I ]ca]ptmsS AXns\ hymJym\np. BNmcykzmanI Pothm
{_ssh \m]cm Fp IqSn Iqntppv . {_amWv kXyw.
PKXv anYybmWv . Poh Fp ]dbpXv {_wXsbmWv , thsd
Hpw A FmWv icmNmcy ]dXns Aw. anYy Fp
]dm CmsX. kzambn D CmXpw amdnsmn
cnpXpw FmWv B hmns Aw. \macq]mIamb Fmw
BkmmXv Imcn\pff Hcp D]mbw F \nebv p am{XamWv
ic anYybmbn ]dbpXv . {_kmmXv IrX\v Fmw Htcsbmcp
kXyw am{Xw. B AnemWv ChnsS \mcmbWKpcp kIehpw
DXpXs Fp Ddnp]dbpXv .
Cu ImWsSpsXmw DXpXs. CmX. Fm Ch
sbmw thsdthsd DX. Fmn\pw IqSn H Dtb Dq.
As\ khnsbpw D HmsWp A\p`hndnbp Bsf
bmWv XzNnm{Kl Fp hnfnpXv. \mw XzNnm{Kl
\mbXn\ptijw Cu temIn Fp thWsanepw `pPnpsIm
q. _\w DmhpIbn. Hmbn AdnbmsX kIehpw DXp
Xs Fp hnNmcnv temIt`mPysf Dm t]mbm Ah
t`mmhns\ sIWnbn hogvpw. Cu sIWn HcpnhncnpXv
ambbmIp h]IbmWv. \nfn Hcp i{Xp \nsXnsc
{]hnppv. \n sNbvX GtXm Hcp sXn\v ]I hom\p
{ianemWv AXv \ntj[mIamb coXnbn \nfpsS I
sf hnIeampXv. thZmn am{Xa ambbpXv. Fm
a\pjycptSbpw PohnXn Dsb Hmbn {Klnm Ignbm
Hcp nXnhntijapv.
sltK F NnI CXns\ negativity FmWv hnfnXv.
Cu \ntj[mIamb amb hm \m\mXz_pnbmWv ]ns
{]hnpI. ]e]e ckfpw ]e]e XmXv ]cyfpw hntcm[hpw
shdppw Fmw IqSnev a\pjyPohnXw XmdpamdmIpw. AXpsIm
mWv Bmhns\ AIapJambv AdntbnhcpXv . _Kv ks Xz
Nnbnse intuition \pw AIapJambn AdnbpXpw Htc AdnhpXs
bmWv . GIXz{KlW_pnbneqsSbmWv Cu intuition kw`hnpXv .
AXn\m Cu hnizw apgph\pw Hmbn AdnbpI. Hmbn IcpXn B\
npI.
89
AdnhnencpkZkvXnsbkwJyw
s]mcnbnfIn`ph\w kv^pcnbmte
Adnhns\ hnsmcp hkvXph\yans
dnbWaobdnsshIcq]ytaIpw.
Adnhnencpv tIheamb Adnhnencpv
AkZv AkvXn Fv Dspw Cspw Htckabw
tXm hn[n
AkwJyw IW
s]mcn CfIn XosmcnI CfInsdnv
`ph\w {]]w
kv^pcnbmte {]XoXamIpXpsImv
Adnhns\ hnv Adnhn\npw thdn
Hcp hkvXp A\yansv thsdmcp k Csv
AdnbWw AdnbWw.
Cu Adnhv Cs\bpff m\w
sFIcq]ytaIpw GIcq]w \Ipw
Htc Xzw XsbmWv ]ehn[ ZrjvSmfneqsS Kpcp Bhn
jvIcnpXv. Fm Hcp tmIw thsdmcp tmIn\p ]Icw
hbvm\pw BhpX. AXns coXnhn[m\n\p (methodol-
ogy) hyXymkapv. \s kw_nnStmfw Adnhv F hmv
tIp tm a\ n ]Xn p t]mb Iptd A fmWv
s]mnhcnI. Fm CXphsc \ a\nemnbnp A
nsempa Kpcp Adnshv {]tbmKnpXv. Cwojp `mjbn
awareness Fpw consciousness Fpw GXmsms ASp
phcmhp cp kwIfpv. Fm ]mmXyv Cu cp
hmpIfpw AhcptSXmbnp AIev]\IfneqsStb a\n
emm IgnbpIbpq. AXpsImmWv C{Xam{Xw hniZoIcWhpw
hn]pe\hpw \tInhcpXv.
AnIpWvUw \ Innt? AXn\npw XosmcnI
NnXdnsdnpXpt]msebmWv temIw {]XoXamIpXv. B {]Xo
XnbmIs hfsc Wam{Xamb t\cta \ne\ne\nppffq. Hcp
Xosmcn Ipdpt\cw hmbphn Xn\nv Nmcambn Xocpp. AXp
sIm mWv Ak Zv Akv Xn Cspw Dspw ]d bm hp
AkwJyw XosmcnI CfIpp Fp Kpcp ]dncnpXv.
HtckabwXs kZv`mhhpw AkZv`mhhpw temIns {]tXyI
XbmWv. Fm AdnhmIs kmam{XamWpXm\pw. B k
bn \nmWv kpw Akpw IqSne `ph\w P\npXv.
CXn Akn\p ImcWambncnpXv ambbmWv. amb Adnhn
\nlnXamsWnepw ambbm A_m[nXamWv Adnhv. ambsb AXn
ewLnpsImpXs tIheamb Adnhn\v \ne\nphm Ign
bpw. Fm PohXmZmyapmbm Cu amb AhnZymcq]n
Fm PohnIfnepw hknpw.
As\bmWv temIw Dspw Cspw apdamdn {]ISamIp
Xv. hnizmkhpw Ahnizmkhpw, Hmbpw adhnbpw, DWhpw Dd
hpw Fmw ambbpsS hcpXnbn hcpXmWv. Fm Adnhns
tIhekzcq]n Cu Zzzm\p`hfn \nsms hnapnbp
v. Adnhns\ hnsmcp hkvXpA\yansv AXpsImdnbWw.
Fm am{Xta ChnsS ImWp \m\mcq]fnepw sFIyns
{]Imi[mcsb hnfnsbSpphm IgnbpIbpq.
90
A\rXsamckvXnXtb adbvpIns
\p`happ kZkvXnsbnhw
A\p]ZakvXnXbmenXmhrXw kZv
L\aXn\mse Itf_cmZnImcyw.
A\rXw AkXyw
HckvXnXsb adbvpIn kXys adbvpIbn
kZv AkvXn Fnhw Bk Dspff Xcnep
F A\p`hapv A\p`hw FmhpapXmW.v
A\p]Zw Hmtcm A\p`hhpw
AkvXnXbm kmtNX\bm
CXmhrXw \ndhpXmW.v
AXn\mse AXpsImv
Itf_cmZn Imcyw icocw XpSnb Imcy{]]w
apgph\pw
kZvL\w kn\m hym]vXamWv.
Hcp \pW ]dm B Iw s]mfnbmXncnWsan \nc
cw \pWI ]dpsImncnWw. Fmepw kXyw Fsnepw
Xe \on ]pdphcmXncnn. kXyw F{X adphmepw adt
Ccnppffq. CmXmbnocpn. \psS kmaqlnIXbpw aXhpw
hnZym`ymkhpw amaqepIfpw Fmw hymPamWv . Cu hymPPohnXns
]cncw`Wnsncnp km[mcWa\pjy\v Ftmsgnepw kXy
ns Hcp t\ A\p`hw DmImXncnpIbn. AtXmsS At
lw kXys ]qambn Adnbm thnbpff {iaw Bcw`npw.
CcpfS KfneqsS \Sp\op P\mhensb t\mn
tbip ]dp: \n temI ns shfn am Wv . ae ap I fn
]WnX Hcp \Kcs HpsImpw adphbvphm IgnbpIbn
. \mw F{X \ntj[nmepw \fn adncnp kmtNX
\sb Fs\bmWv CmXmm IgnbpI? Rm C, Rm
C Fsmcm hnfnp]dm Abm CmXmIptam? Rm
Am \n bm Wv , Rm Am \n bmWv Fp ]d m
Abm Am \nbm Iptam? m\w sIm t Abm fXv ]d b
pXv ? m\ an m m F s\ bmWv Abm Am \n bm
sWv Adn bp I? AXp sImv ksb Hcn ep w
AkXywsImp ad bv p hm Ign bp I bn . kXyw imiz X am
Wv . A\rXw Aim iz X am Wv . \psS Hmtcm A\p ` h nepw \nd
ncnp DXsbmWv Fm {]m]nIhkvXpfnepw \nd
n cn p Xv . AXn s\ bmWv kZv L\w Fp ]d bp Xv . a\p
jy\pw Dc K fpw ]n Ifpw arK fpw ama e Ifpw apw hnpw
Fmw kZv L \ am Wv . kZv L \ ambn Adn bp tm gmWv At\ I X
I Xntcm ` hn p Xv . As\ kZm \ ambn \app Pohn m
Ign bp p.
91
{]nbhnjbw {]Xn sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w
\nbXhpas\ Xs \nevbmte
{]nbaPahyba{]tabtaIm
ZzbanXpXm kpJamp \nnSpp.
{]nbhnjbw {]Xn kpJapmp hnjbw
t\Sm\mbn
sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w \mw {]bXv\w sNpp.
\nbXhpw Ftmgpw
As\Xs kpJwtXSp hy{KX
\nbmte \ne\npw.
{]nbw {]nbw
APw AXv P\nmXmWv.
Ahybw AXv \mianmXmWv.
A{]tabw AXv Adnhn\v hnjbamhmXmWv.
GImZzbw AXv GIhpw AZzbhpamWv.
CXpXm Cu {]nbw XsbmWv
kpJamp \nnSpp B\kzcq]ambn \npXv.
a\p jy Hcp kXym t\z jnbm Ip Xn \p apv kzm`m hn I
ambnXs Hcp kpJmt\zjnbmWv . kpJhnjb tXSnbmWv Ah
AebpXv. hniv Hcp ZpxJamWv. t]mjWns A`mhamWv hni
sp ]dbpXv. B ZpxJs \nhmcWw sNphm As
Xncbpp. hniSnbm kpJapmbn. Atm Ah IcpXpw
AnemWv kpJw CcnpsXv . IqSpX Aw Ignm A
s\bmsWn IqSpX kpJw IntXt? AsXmcnepw kw`hn
pn. HcmfpsS CjvShkvXphmb ]mbkw Abmsfsmv ]p
msnepw \n_np IpSnnm Abmv B ]mbknt\mSv
shdpp hcm XpSpw. ]mbkw kpJhkvXphmbncnppshn
Abmfn Fs\bmWv ]ns AXv shdpns\ DmpXv? \mw
temInep Fm hnjbfnepancnp \fpsS {]nbXsb
[ym\mIambn aqeyhnthN\w \Sn t\mpIbmsWn {]nb
ns t{kmXv hnjbaspw {]nbns t{kmXv Bk
bmsWpw Adnbm\mIpw. {]nbs At\zjnp bm{X Hcn
epw Ahkm\npn.
BmWv kpJw thm Xv ? Fm Wn I amb
kpJs imiz X amb kpJ n \p thn hnth In I fm b h XyPn
m dp v . As\ XyPn ptmgpw kpJm t\z jWw \nb X am bn
Xs \np p. {]nb hkv Xp \nXy amb B\ s {]Zm\w
sNp n S tmfw At\z jWw \op \op t]mIp p. Bm
hn am{Xta \nXy amb B\ apq. Bm \w AP am Wv . AXv
Fsnepw DmbnpX. DmImXpsImv \inpIbpw
C. P\ \hpw hn\m ihpw IqSmsX B\w {]Im in p p. a[p c
ap ]mbkw IpSn p Xp t]m se b Bm \w A\p ` hn p
Xv . ]mbkw Hcp hnj b am Wv . ck \ bn eq sS bmWv AX dn bp
Xv . Bm \w Hcp hnj b a m Xn \m A{] ta b am Wv . C{n
b sImtm a\ p sImtm Adn bm Ign bp I bn . hnj b
kp J At\ I am sW nepw B kpJw GI am Wv . AZz b hp
am Wv . Cu B\ kz cq ] tan \mw \psS Pohn Xs kw^p
am t Xp v .
92
hybaWbmsX shfnp the sNpw
\nbaancnXpsImp \nXyamIpw
{]nbaIta ]ncnbmsXbpnXno
{Inbsbmcp tIhe_mlyenwKamIpw.
hybaWbmsX hncmaanmsX
shfnp the sNpw _mlyambn \mw Iw sNbvXp
sImtbncnpp
\nbaw F \nbaw
CcnXpsImv DffXpImcWw
\nXyamIpw {]nbw \nXyamb B\w
AIta ]ncnbmsXbpv \n A\nlnXambn Ccn
ppv.
CXnv Bm\n\v
Cu {Inb _mlyambn sNp {InbI
Hcp _mlyenwKamIpw Bm\s tZymXnnp
_mlytNjvSI am{XamIpw.
CXphsc \mw t]dn\Sncp Fm ap[mcWItfbpw XInSw
adnbvp shfnsSpemWv {]nbw AIta ]ncnbmsXbpv
FpXv. {]nbw Fm B\w. Atm ZpxJspdnv IhnX
Fgp Xn b hcpw IY I Na hcpw Zi \ Icp n Sn n hcpw
\nnbnmsX \w Xncntbn hcpw. \mw B\amWv, ZpxJ
a. tbip ]dp: Bmhn Zcn{Zcmbh `mKyhmm Fv.
Kpcp AXv Xncppp: Bmhn\p Zmcn{Zyan. Bmhv almk
\mWv. [\yXbpw \ndhpw BmhpXsbmWv. Zmcn{Zys Hcp
`mKyambn IcpXpXv {]XntemaIcamb Hcp Zi\amWv. {]IrXn
apgph hkkaocW\n ]qhWnbptm ]qpnI Xpn
fnpIbpw a[panII aqfnmp ]mSpIbpw tImIne
ImIfn ]mSpIbpw sNptm BZcn{Z\mbh KZvKZw s]mgn
pXv Daamb Zi\ambncnn. Fm krjvSnIfpw B\
n\nmWv kw` hn p Xv . anYp \ fpsS kwtbmKw Zpc
]qa. As\bmsWn AXn {]nbX Df hm p t{]c
Wsb Cu {]m] n I X bn ImWp am bn cp n . Hcp \In
\r am Sp tm Ag Im AwK N e\ fn\npw \b \
fnepw apJpw ]cntim`nXambncnp {]kmZmIXbn\npw
Hs \mw a\ n em p Xv , Dn en cn p B\ amWv ]pds
Ne \s krjv Sn p sX m Wv .
Fm h cp tSbpw Dn \nXy amb B\w B k
bn\npw ]ncnbmsX Ccnppv. \mw sNp {InbIsfmw
AXns _mlyamb BhnjvImc am{XamWv. Nn{XImc Nn{Xw
hcpXpw IjI hben hnndpXpw Bimcn acn
sImpXpw FgppImc kmlnXy IpdnnSpXpw Fmw
B\ns _mlyenwKfmWv.
khw ln knZm\w
t\l \m\mkvXn In\.
Fmw knZm\w am{Xw. thsd Hpw ChnsSbn. CXmWv Kpcp
hns Zi\w.
93
NeapSe X\np Xsbmm
hnepa[nIw {]nbhkvXphnb\yw
hneknSpamKXw {]nbw hnSmXo
\nebnencnXpsImp \nXyamm.
New DSe amn\p hnt[bamIp
icoctmSp XmZmyanmXmb
X\nv Hcph\v
Xs Bmhnepw Xs Bmhnt\m
A[nIw {]nbhkvXp A[nIw {]nb s Xmb hkv Xp A\y w
C ashnsSbpw C.
hneknSpw kv]jvSambn A\p`hnp
BKX{]nbw Bmhnt\mSp {]nbw
hnSmsX hnpt]mImsX
Cu \nebn CtX \nebnXs
CcnXpsImv XpScpXpsImv
Bm \nXyw Bmhv \nXyamWv.
icocw am n\p hnt[ b am Wv . Hcp inip hm bn cn p tm
icocw \t arZphpw Zp_ehpambncnpw. Fm B DSX
s bmWv _mey n eq sSbpw Iuam c n eq sSbpw buh \ n
eqsSbpw hmIyneqsSbpw ]cnWanpsImncnpXv. ico
cns Cu Ne\kz`mhhpambn XmZmysm kpJZpxJ
amdnamdn hpsImncnpw.
{io_ps ASpv Hcp bphXn Xs acnpt]mb Ipns
ihicochpambn Fn. Ah tIWpIcpsImv {io_pt\mSv
At]np: Fs Htcsbmcp Ipv acnpt]mbn. F\nn\n Bcp
an. Atss Ipn\v ]p\Pw \Im\mhpw. _p bph
Xnsb t\mn. AhfpsS ssZ\yXbn Aenhp tXmnb _p`K
hm ]dp: \o FhnsS\nsnepw Hcp ISpIpaWn hmnsmp
hcq. Bcpw acnm hon\nmbncnWw ISpIpaWn sImph
cphm.
IriKuXan FmWv B bphXnbpsS t]cv. Ah Ipns\
AhnsS InSn ISp Ip aWn hmn p hm \mbn HmSn. BZyw I
hon Ibdn. AhnsS ISp Ip v . ]t, B Krl \m Ys A
Ipdp\mfpIpapmWv acnpt]mbXv. kybmIpthmfw hoSp
ItXmdpw Ibdnbndnbnpw Bcpw acnm hon\npw KuX
anv ISpIpaWn Innbn. Ahp a\nembn acWw Fm hoSp
Ifnepw kw`hnnpsv. Xs Ipv am{Xa acnsXv. Ah
fpsS Dn Adn hns Xnf w A\p ` h s p. kzm`m hn I amb Hcp
{]imn Dudn q Sn. Ah Xncn p hv _ps Im InS
nbncp Ipns\ FSppsImpt]mbn kwkvIcnp. Fnv
{io_p s injy bmbn.
DSent\mSp {]nbw GdnbXpsImmWv Ahv ZpxJw Dm
bXv. Fm Xncnv AXn\p]cn Hcp kXyw Dsv Ahv
t_m[ysp. As\ Bmhn {]nbw P\np. icocnt\mSp
XmZmyw hnSWw. Bmhn {]nbw P\nm am{Xta DSen
t\mSp cmKw Apt]mhpIbpq. hncmKX ASntnmsXXs
Bmhnep {]nbw hnIknnsSppIbmWv thXv. Bmhv
{]nbns CcnnSamWv. _rlZmcWytIm]\njn bmh
evIy ssat{XbntbmSp ]dbpp: `mcy `mhns\ kvt\lnpXv
`mhnep {]nbw sIm. Bmhnep {]nbwsImmWv.
`mhv `mcysb kvt\lnpXpw `mcybnep {]nbw sIm.
Bm hn ep {]nbw sIm m Wv . Bm hn {]nbw P\n m
Hnt\mSpw shdpp tXmpIbn . icocXmZmyaphp am{Xta
shdpv F hnImcw P\npIbpq.
\nstmse \ns Abmct\bpw kvt\lnpI. Cu
Abmc \psS Bmhmbn hcWw. Rm Fs kvt\ln
pXpt]msebmWv Abmcs\ kvt\lnpXv. Bm hn
ep {]nbw DWmte B kv t\lw k^ e am Iq. ss__n fn
kv t\l s p dnv tbip a[p tcm Zm c ambn kwkm cn p p.
ssZhw kv t\l am sWp ]d bp p. Fm Kpcp Bm hn en cn
p {]nbw XsbmWv ssZhm\p`qXn Fp ]dbpIbmWv sNp
Xv . \mw \s \ hw kv t\ln p I. Ne ap S ev kv t\ln p
I. Atm B\w kzm`m hn I amb Hcp Ah bmbn amdpw.
kzm`m hnIw Fm Cgn hn m B\ am Wv . AXp sImv
B\w Bm hp X s bm Wv . \psS Fm A`n c a \ fpw
Bm [n jv Tn X am b Xp sImv Bmhv \nXy am Wv . Bmhv
Fspw D Xm Wv . CXp [ym\n p I.
94
DeIhpapXpambvep \nevpw
\ne hepXmsbmcp \oXntISnXt{X,
AdpXnbnSm\cpXmXhmMvat\mtKm
NcanXnsep NcnnSpw {]amWw?
DeIhpw \macq]mIamb temIhpw
DXpambn ]cakXyhpambn
Ien\nevpw \ne Hnp Iencnp nXn
hepXmb hfsc henb
Hcp \oXntISnXt{X Hcp \oXntISmWv, sshcpyamWv.
AdpXnbnSm AcpXmX AdpXnbnm Cu hntcm[m`mkw
AhmMvat\mtKmNcw hmpsImp hnhcnmt\m a\p
sImp {Klnmt\m IgnbpIbn.
CXn Cu sshcpyn
Fp NcnnSpw {]amWw? Fs\ {]amW
{]hnpw?
shfnapnSv Ccpn\p \nm IgnbpIbn. CXp X
a kwKXnbmWv. Fm shfnhpw Ccppw HnncnpnSp
am{XamWv {]]{]XoXn DmIpXv. Hcp hkv Xp hns\ ImWm
klm bn p Xv hmkv X h n shfn w sIm p am {X a , B
hkv Xp hn\p Ccp n s Xm bn p Hcp ]m ehpw thWw. GXp
cq]w FSp mepw AXn Ccppw shfn hpapv . shfn ns
A`m h amWv Ccp sp ]d bp Xv . shfn nXs Ccpv
Dtn cn p p v . CsXmcp henb sshcp y am Wv . Ccp p t]m
se X s bmWv \ma cq ]m I am bn cn p temIw Ak Xy am bn cn
pXv. B temIw BXynIamb kXyhpambn HnncnpXv
Zmi \n I X bn hcp Hcp sshcp y am Wv . AXn s\bmWv Kpcp
\oXn tI sSp ]d bp Xv . Cu \oXn tI Sns\ Xop hm thn
bmWv Fm Xz Nn Ifpw Zi \ im kv {X fpw H s n
thsd Xcn Xzsf AhXcnnpXv . Fnv Cpw Cu
{]iv \w ]cn lr X am bn n .
{]iv \w FmWv ? sshcp y ap cp hkv Xp Hn n cn
pp Fp XmWv {]iv \w. hmkv X h n kXy n\p sshcp
y an . sshcpyw \ fn emWv Ccn p Xv . \ fpsS sshcp y
amWv kXy n \ Btcm ]n p Xv . Xz Nn m {K l\v
sshcp y an sv Kpcp Xs ]d n p v . hmp sImtm a\ p
sImtm ]dbphmt\m hnNmcwsNphmt\m IgnbmXmWv B
k Xy ns \ne. Cs\ hmpw a\pw {]th in m Hn
s\ p dnv Fs\ a\ p sImv Nnn m\pw hmp sImp ]d
bm\pw Ignbpw?
Fm \ CXn s\ p dnv hj fmbn Nn X NWw
\Snsmncnpp. {]amW Dcnpp. Hmtcm imkv{X
n\pw AXntXmb {]amWfpv. NmmI\pw Fnyqdpw
ImWp Xns\ am{Xta kXy ambn Fp p q. Ah {] Xy
hmZnIfmWv. {]Xyw am{Xta Ahp {]amWambncnppq.
Nne A\p am\tbpw AXnsIqsS Iqpw. Atm I Xns
ASn m \ n A\p am\w \Sn AXn eq sSbpw kXyw Is
m {ianpw. a\v NcnmnSv A\pam\n\v Fv kmwK
Xy am Wp f fXv ? CXp t]mse D] am \w, i_v Zw, Am ] n, A\p
] e_v [n Fo {]am W sfms thZm n I D] tbm Kn p t]m
cm dp v . Fm AsXmw shdpw t\c tm p I am{Xw. B
k bpw temIhpw Hn n cn p \ne Hcp Ap X {] Xn `m k am
Wv . B {]Xn `m ks B cy ` cn X \mb Hcp inip hn s\ tmse
In cn m am{Xta Hp I bp q. In cn W sa n a\p
ImSn t]mse bm I Ww. AXn\v AsssZz Xm \p `hw Dm I Ww.
95
hn]peXbm hnt\mZhnZy ambm
hyhlnXbmbv hnekp hnizhocyw
ChfnhfnhXobmbnSpw X
hbhaWvUISmltImSnbmIpw
hn]peXbm AXncpIfnm
hnt\mZhnZy Hcp B\tmhamWv
{]]{]Xn`mkw
ambmhyhlnXbmbv ambbm BhrXambn
hnekp {]ISamIp
hnizhocyw hnizhocyamWv
Ch Ch.
Ch Cv Cu hnizhocyw ChnsS
{]]cq]n
AhXobmbnSpw {]Xyambnocpp.
X Ahbhw hnizhocyamb ChfpsS
AhbhfmWv
AWvUISmltImSnbmIpw Fa oc]Y.
Kmcn kpJmhv F imkv{X Dancing Wuli Masters
Fsmcp {KsagpXnbnpv. Cu {Kn Atlw {]]s
DutcWpfpsS kwL\rambnmWv hnpXv. kwL
SnX Du]SesbmWv wuli F ssN\okv ]ZwsImv A
am p Xv . B[p \n I im kv {Xw t]mepw Du I W \rw
sNpp Fp ]dbptm \mcmbWKpcp hnizX{s Hcp hnt\m
ZhnZybmbnmWv FpXv. B hnt\mZhnZyv am\fn (dimen-
sionless). B_v sFo hymJym\npX hnizNn{Xn\v
\mev am\fmWpffXv. \ofw, hoXn, Dbcw, Ne\w FnhbmWv B
\mep am\. Fm AXncpIfnm \ScmPs B\tmhw
`mcXns mythologyIfn shdptX ]dpt]mcp Imev]
\nIXb. sNdnb AWphnepw _rlmb BIminepw {Xkn
p\np hnizhocyns XnsImmWv {]]hnemkw
Xs kw`hnpXv.
hnizhocys Ch FmWv Kpcp ]dbpXv . ambminbmWXv .
in inhs hma`mKamWv . in ssN\mv yin BWv . Cu in
sbXsbmWv _Kv k elan vital FXpsImptinpXv . {iocm
aIrjv W]calwk {_s tZhnbmbnmWv ZinpXv . AXpsIm
mWv Kpcp hnizhocys Ch Fp hnfnpXv . Cu ImWmhp
{]]hpw AXn\pdpXpw Cu tZhnbpsS AwKhnt] am{X
amWv . amb hnt]insImmWv temIs DmnmWnpXv .
96
AWphpaJWvUhpakvXn \mkvXnsbn
s\ hnekpncp`mKambn cpw
AWbpa\cakvXn \mkvXnsbo
b\p`hw \nebp \npt]mIpw
AWphpw Ghpw sNdpXpw
AJWvUhpw Ghpw hepXpw
AkvXn \mkvXn Dbpw Cmbvabpw
Fns\ FXcnep ZzzmIXbn
Ccp`mKambn BkbpsS cp hiambn
hnekpp {]XoXamIpp.
cpw AWbpw Bm\p`htmsS Zzz
\inpw.
A\cw A\cw
AkvXn \mkvXn Dspw Cspw
Fo A\p`hhpw Fp A\p`hhpw
\nebp \npt]mIpw \ne\nm\mImsX
A{]XyamIpw
Ghpw sNdnb Hns\bmWv AWp Fp ]dbpXv. Ghpw
hepXns\bmWv AJWv Uw Fp ]dbpXv . At\Iw AWp
tNmWv Cu {]] nse Hmtcm hkv Xphpw Dm bn p Xv .
Fm hkvXpfpw HnptNcptm AXv AJWvUambn. B
kXyw Htc k abw sNdp Xnepw sNdpXpw hep Xnepw hep Xp am Wv .
AXv Al bpsS cq] sa Spv kp Nn X ambn s]cp am dm dp v .
Al AWpXzw ssIh cn p tm gmWv kp NnXXzw Dm Ip
Xv . Xs hyn K X amb kpJ n \p thn am{Xw Pohn p n Sv
Hmtcm a\p jy\pw \nIr jv S amb Hcp hyn Xz n tev Xmgp I
bmWv sNp Xv . Fm kp Nn X amb Hcp a\ ns\ Ifv
hnizs apgp h kv t\ln m Ign bp Hcp AJ Wv U t_m [
am bn o cp hm\pw \app Ign bpw.
{]]w ISpIpaWntbmfw Npcpnbncnp Hcp Ahbn
\nmWv s]mn s dn Xv . As\ s]mn s dn {]] amWv
Ctm hnIknpsImncnpXv. Dnsbp n Npcpntm
Ip tm \fpw s]mn s dn mdp v . \ fpsS s]mn sdn
t{Im[m th i n emWv ]cn W an p I. AtX t]m se X s bmWv
a\v D bp tSbpw Cm bv a bp tSbpw {[ph fn Xn De bp
Xv . D {]Xym im P \ I am Wv . Cmbv a \ncm im P \ I am Wv .
Fm CsXms tXmepI am{XamWv. CsXmw sIp
t]mIpw. Xo sISpXpt]mse. As\ sIpt]mIp Ahbn
emWv \nhmWw kw`hnpXv. {io_p \nhmWw Fp ]d
bpXv a\ns {[phnSbnep Btmf\w \nebvpXn
s\bmWv. \nhmWw Dtbm Cmbvatbm A. AXp sNdptXm
heptXm A. AXp hmKXoXamb A\p`hamWv. {]]{]XoXnI
sfmw \nebnmsX \nept]mIp Cu A\p`hkmIeys FSp
pImWnm\mWv Cu tmIneqsS Kpcp {ianpXv.
97
AWphdnhn alnamhnewKanm
XWbpaJWvUhpap ]qamIpw
A\p`hnbmXdnhoeJWvUamw NnZv
L\anXp au\L\marXm_v[nbmIpw
AWp Poh
Adnhn tIheamb Adnhns
alnamhn alXzn
AwKanmsX imcocnIX Apt]mbn
AWbpw hnebw {]m]npw.
AJWvUhpw Av AJWvUamb kXyw Atm
]qamIpw ]qXsb {]m]npw.
A\p`hnbmsX Adnhoe kzm\p`qXn hcmsX CXdnbn.
AJWvUamw AJWvUamb
NnZvL\anXv NnZvL\amWnXv.
au\L\marXm_v[nbmIpw au\w L\o`qXamb AarX
kmKcamWnXv.
IScbnse ]psmSnbn Xn\nncp PeIWw IS
en hoWp. s]sXv ISembn amdn. IWn\p ISemIphm Hcp
s\mSn aXn. ]t, Hcp]mSv ImncpnpthWw ISeWbphm. AWp
hmb Poh F{Xsb{X kcnmWv Bmhns Xocsnbncn
pXv . B alnXhnimeXsb Itm Pohs Dnsbp
n\nv Hcp kzcw hp. \ns t{kmXmWv Cu A\X. Cu
A\Xbn Aenbm\mWv \o P\nXv. AXmWv \ns kmbpPyw.
Pohs PohXzw Adnhns alXzhpambn IepcpIn Hmbn
op. JWvUnXamsmcp t_m[w. A\p`hns ]qna.
tX IpSnnnm HcmtfmSv tX\ns a[pcnasbpdnv Fs\
samgnbm\mWv? ]dmepw Abmv a\nemhpIbn. Acmm
hns tX\nw kzm\p`qXnsImpXs \pWbWw. ]ns Hpw
anm IgnbpIbn. BimnbpsS AKm[Xbn au\w XnSw
hp \npp. L\o`qXamb au\w! NnmclnXamb `qanI! Aar
Xns \oekmKcw!
98
CXphsc \msamcp hkvXphndno
eXnkpJsa\niw IYnbmte
aXn apXembh amdnbmepam
kzXbgnbmXdnshp sNmntSWw.
AXnkpJsav IqSpX kpJw thWsav
A\niw Ftmgpw
IYnbmte ]dbpXpImcWw
CXphsc C{Xbpw Imeambnpw
\mw \mw
Hcp hkvXp GIamb BhkvXp
Cdnoe ChnsS AdntXbn.
aXn apXembh \m\mXz{`an\v CS hcpp
NnI
amdnbmepw CmXmbmepw
BkzX BkzXzw
AgnbmX Adnshv Agnhnm AdnhmsWv
sNmntSWw samgnntSWw
kpJhnjbp ]nmse ]cw ]mbp a\pjy B
imn Fsv Adnbpn. kpJhnjbsf hn]pesSpnsm
ncnp imkv{Xhpw kmtXnIXbpw Htsd {]hrambngn
p. Hmtcm cmjv{Shpw AhcpsS PohnX\nehmcw sasSpp
hm imkv{XkmtXnIXIsf hnIknnpsImncnpIbmWv.
\ hoSv, \ Im, \ hkv{Xw, cpNnIcamb `W CsXms
kpJmt\zjWns ]mXbnepff IsepIfmWv. Hcp kpJ
n\nv AXnepw saap thsdmcp kpJnte v AXmWv
\psS ap{ZmhmIyw. AXpsImv Zn\w{]Xn ^mj amdpp. A`n
cp Nn I amdp p. _ DS p hmp sIm n cn p p.
AXnkpJsav A\niw IYnbmte. kpJw thWw kpJw
thWw FmWv ]dpsImncnpXv. ]ns FhnsSbmWv
\apv \s Adnbphm t\cw? \mw \psS {]imnbpsS Xocv
Cn cn t\ c sa nepw Ccp n ptm? \psS Bm hns {]W h
a c sf C\n a tbmsS Bkz Zn n p tm? \mw \psS Bm
hns Bgtadnb hnlmbn t`ZfnmsX Hcnsenepw hne
bn n ptm? Csp ]d tbn hcpw. \mw Hpw Adn n n .
Fm Adn bm thn bm bn cpp Am Z an I fn t]mbn ]Tn
Xv . Am Z an I aXn hn \n I fm Wv . aXn Fm _pnbmWv.
hyhtZnp _pn. aXn hn p tm AXns\ Al Xn
Fp ]d bpw. Al Xn bn\npw ]Sp p b s PohnXw
]fp p sIm mcw t]mse bmWv . sNdn sbm cm LmXw aXn. XIp
Xcn W am Ipw.
Fsmw {]bm k fmWv a\p jy A\p ` hn p Xv ? GIm
Xbpw \ncm ibpw DXv I Wv Tbpw `oXn bp samw Hcp hs hyn
Xzs Imp Xn p sIm n cn p p. Fmepw \mw Adn hm f
m sc tmse kwkm cn pw. F\n ss Adn bm sap hp ]d
bpw. Fm B kzm X{yw B\p `q Xn I am Wv . AXp {]im
n bpsS el cn bmWv . hnjm Z hn bn m NnZm Im i am Wv . AXn
s\ bmWv B kzX Fp ]d bp Xv . Hcn epw \in p t]m
Im Cu Am\w hopw hopw \mw Adn p sIm
n cn Ww. ]d p sIm n cn p Ibpw thWw.
99
AdnhlsaXpcptaIamam
hcWsamgnh\\y\pp hmZw
Adnhns\ hnla\yamIpsam
ednhns\bndnbm\pamcpan.
Adnhv tIheamb Adnhv
Alw FXp cpw Rm Fp cpw
BhcWw Hgnh\v ambmad amdnbh\v
GIamw GIamWv.
A\y\v BhcWw Hgnbmh\v
hmZapv Cmcyn Xapv.
Adnhns\ hnv ]caamb Adnhn\nv
Alw Rm
A\yamIpw Fm thsdbmsWp hm
Adnhns\ Cu Adnhns\
Cv Adnbm\pw ChnsS Adnbm\pw
Bcpan Bcpw DmbncnpIbn.
Btm]tZiiXIw awKfw ]mSpXn\p apmbn AXns
knmw HcnqSn Acnv Ddnpp. B knmw CXm
Wv. Adnhpw Rm\pw c. GIamWv. ]t, Cu GIXzw Adnbm
hscpdnp ]cnKW\bpw Kpcp hnpIfbpn. AXpsIm
mWv BhcWsamgnhp am{XamWv Adnhntbpw Aln
tbpw GImIX Dbn sXfnphcppq. \mcmbWKpcp
B GImIXbpsS Pohnp kmyambncpp. khnepw
Xsbpw, Xs khnepw Idnbph ImcpWyimenIfmWv.
Atd_y aWemcWyn sImp]nSn lnwkInSbnepw
{]hm N I \mb apl Zp\_n Imcp Wy ns ]qo I c W amb
PohnXw temIn\p ImWnpsImSpp. Pdpkteanepw tPmZm
\ZoXSfnepw tbip hnfw_cw sNbvX kvt\lktiw AssZz
Xt_m[n\nv DdhsImXmbncpp. Rm\pw Fs ]nXmhpw
c Fp ]d tbip [nmcnb. Ffnbh\n Ffnbhs
kzcamWv AXn [z\npXv. AssZzXns emfnXyn [nm
cns kzcw tIpXv Am\wsImmWv. Adnhlsa
XpcptaIamw. F{X at\mlcamb {]Jym]\amWnXv. Fm Cdm
Jnhv Hcp kq^nhcy CtX kXyw temInt\mSp sXmbnS
dnsImv hnfnp ]dp. A\ lv Rm\mWv kXyw Fv.
Atm Atls KftZwsNbvXp. Cu AklnjvWpX t{]mm
l\oba.
A\lJv Fv akq Alv F kq^nkymkn
samgntm AXns Aw km{ZmbnIhmZnIv lrZb
ItTmcambnop. Rm\pw kXyhpw c FmWv AXns
Aw. kzm`mhnIamb m\n cn. ]t, ssZhn\pw
a\pjy\pw CSbn Am\ns hensbmcp ]SpX Cnpv.
B ]SpX ambmadbmWv. AXp t]mbm a\pjy ]pXnsbmcp hk
mcmantep {]thinpw. temIw Hmbn ImWm B{Kln
p kp Xncndntb Hcp kwKXn, Zzz ]qambn
Apt]mIWw FpffXmWv. Adnhns\hnv Rm A\yamsWp
hcnIbmsWn Rm kzbw Dbnm Hmbnocm CS
bpv. cp DI Hcnepw km[qIcnsSmhpX. Cu
hnizw apgph\pw Htcsbmcp DbmWv. AXns Xmf`{ZX \
A\p\nanjw A\p`hnpt]mcppapv. Rm Csp hcnIbm
sWn Adnhns\ Adnbphm ChnsS Bcpw DmbncnpIbn.
AXpsImv Rm\pw Adnhpw HmWv. Fshnv Adnhpw C. Adn
hns\hnv Rm\pan. a{a[pcamb kwKoXat Cu D!
100
AXpanXpa kZalw k
nZarXsap sXfnp [oc\mbn
kZkZnXn {]Xn]nbp ktm
anXn arZphmbv arZphmbv AantSWw.
Alw Rm
AXpw CXpw A AsXpw CsXpw ]dbmhp
HpwXsb.
kZw A Rm kns Ahpa,
knZarXw kpw Nnpw B\hpamWv
Fp sXfnv F sXfn A\p`qXnbpmbn
[oc\mbn A`b\mbn
kZv AkZv CXn knt\mSpw Aknt\mSpap
{]Xn]nbv {]Xn]n CmXmbn
kZv Hmw CXn kmb HmwImcn
arZphmbv arZphmbv arZphmbn arZphmbn
AantSWw AantSWw.
CXphsc \mw \psS Dsb ap ]eXpambn Xnp a\nem
pIbmbncpp. Rm ipamb t_m[amWv FXv Hcp knma
. kzw A\p`qXnXsbmWv. AXpsImmWv BZytaXs Rm
AXpa CXpa F cp \ntj[fneqsS kwknampXv.
Fn A[ykvXambncp Fmw Rm XnfbpIbmWv. ssZh
cmPyw B aebntem Cu aebntem A Fp tbip Xdnp ]d
bm ImcWw, As\sbmcp XmZmy_pn P\fn Ccnp
XpsImmWv . Fnp lrZbntep Nqn A\p`hs Ddnm
\mbn AXp \ns lrZbnemIpp Fp ]dbpp. Atm \mw
AXns\ hopw Hcp knmambn ]cnKWnm ]mSn. Bk
Hcp hkv Xphns AsaXpt]mse a\nemnbmepwt]mcm. AXv
kpw Nnpw AarXhpw Iencnp ckm\p`qXnbmWv . AXv
kzmX{yamWv. AXv A\Xbntep Fs AkvXnXzns
{]thi\amWv .
F\nv `bw tXmpn. ImcWw Rm FsbmsX thsd
Btcbpw ImWpn. Fs Rm Fn\p `bWw? Rm Fs
Xo{hambn kv t\lnpp. F\nv Rm\msX thsd Bcpan. thsd
Fp ]dbpsXmw RmXsbmWv . F\nv AXncpIfnmXn
\m Rm A\amWv . Fmw F\nntm sXfnp ImWm
Ignbpp. Hcp hkv XptfmSpw F\nv {]tXyInv Bkn tXmp
n. DsXtm CmsXtm hyhtZnm Ignbm D
bpsS \ndhmWv Rm. Rm AkwK\mWv . Fs k ImcpWykm
Kcwt]mse arZpeamWv . kpKtadnb Hcp ]qhpt]msebmWv Rm.
Rm ]cnafw {]kcnnpsImncnpp. FnXs B ]cnafw
\ndpIhnbpp. Fnse GImIXbn Fmw arZphmbn arZp
hmbn hnebnv hnebnv Hmbn amdnbncnpp. Bgtadnb au\w!
HmwImcns kuayamb \mZw! ]cammZIcamb Cu \nanjns
[\yX! AXv samgnbm\mhpn..........
D]kwlmcw
Btm]tZiiXIn\v Hcp]mSv hymJym\fpw hniZoIc
Wfpw Dmbnpv. Aqn Hcp hymJym\w F \nebv
CsXgpXnbppXv. CsXmcp lmUv_pmWv. \app sImp\
Smhp Hcp ]pkvXIw. Fm, CXn ]ZtZw sNbvXncnp
Xpw Aw ]dncnpXpw Kpcphns Zi\s BIth
B[mcamnsmmWv. AXpsImv hmpIv Aw ]d
bptm \nLphn\npw t\sc AsaSpp ]dbpIb
sNbvXncnpXv. As\ sNbvXncpsn Iptd hmpI CW
an msX Iqn h Xp t]m setb tXmp I bp q. Kpcphpw
hmNymn\p]cnbmbn hmpIv Hcp eyw Ipdnppv.
AXv Kpcphns `mjbnep ss\]pWn hnfntmXpXmWv. Fp
Xsbmbmepw Btm]tZiiXIw Hcp almZi\amsWv a\
nemphm Cu hymJym\w [mcmfw aXnbmIpw. Bm\p`qXnv
Hcp ]pkvXIhpw klmbIamhpIbn Fp kXyw KpcpXs
shfnsSpnbnpXmWtm. AdpXnbnSm\cpXmX AhmMvat\m
tKmNcw CXnsep NcnnSpw {]amWw? BymnI{K a\p
jy\v BtmpJX (self-orientation) am{Xta Dmncpp
q. kzm\p `hw, kXym t\z j Whpw Kpcp Ir ]bpw kn p n
Sp\npw B\ kz cq ] ambn Ddphtc Xm Wv . Kpcp hns
ImcpWyw \fnsemw AarXhjw sNmcnbs.