:12141

2009

......................................................................................................................................................................3
............................................................................................................4
M...........................................................................................................................................6
............................................................................................................................10
..........................................................................................................................................15
.....................................................................................................................................................................17
...................................................................................................................................................................18

.
,
.
,
(quantummechanical exchange),(crystal field interaction)
(relativist spinorbit coupling)
. ,

.

(Fe3O4 )
.
.


.
,
,
.
, s, K1 exchange
stiffness A, .
,rc,
.
,
(randomanisotropyscaling),
, (micromagnetic localization)
.

,:L(
) S, ,
,.
,,
, m ,
: m =I n, n .
, ,
,L.H
:L=xm,m,
.mL
.
:m/L=e/2m0().

,
h/2.
.eh/4m0.

.
Bohr.
SI. =eh/4m0=0.927 1023 A m2.

,spin.
.

.
,
.

1:

,
.
3d
, , , 4f
.
.
Fe2+44
.
(0.1).

2:3

,
.
H
:
,

..

.
.

(bulk)
.
1100nm

(bulk).
.
.
:
(geometricconfinement)
(physicalproximity)
(selforganization)

:
1.

( ), Magnetic
multilayers,SpinValves,SpinSwithces

2.

(/
),ColumnarStructures,Nanowires,ParticulateMedia

3.

( ),
Composite nanostructured permanent magnets, Granular GMR materials, Thin film
magneticrecordingmedia

3:,

,:
1) ,
2) ,
3)
4)

, ,
. ,

,
.

.
.
, .
,
, (atomic pair ordering).


.
, ,
.
( )

.

4:Fe,NiCo.

[100]
[111]Ni.Co

[0001],
[1010] 90
.

, .

.
.
,

.
, , ,

(surface&interface).
~3nm~1400
40%.

Spinpolarizationeffects:
,

(1020nm)
.

.

( Weiss), nm
.
Weiss.
,
.

10

Bloch.
Weiss.
Weiss,
.
, ,
,
,

,
.

5:

.
(blocking temperature)
,

.
.

100s().

11

Pt

Fermi.

6: PtNi
Pt.

,
.
,
,
.
.
,

12

, , d,
(demagnetizingfield).
, ,
.

.
. , , ' ,
.
.

,
(spinorbit).
.
,
.

7:(HRTEM)
SmCo(1120)SmCo(1100).
HRTEM (b)
c.

13

.
,,.

.

.

,RKKY

.
.
1 2 1 2,
:

Eexch

= J exh

r r
M 1 M 2
r
r = J exh cos 12
M1 M 2

Jexch12M1
M2. 56 nm
(d1 nm)
exch104Oe.

8:
(FM: , AFM: )
CoCu

14

.
(Fe3O4)
(invivoapplications)


invivo.

(DrugDelivery)
Drugdelivery

Drugdelivery

1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

4.

, GMR
,
.

15

.
,,
.


.

9:Co/Cu.

Y
1.

.
2. 42C,

.
3.

(ferrofluids).
4. .
5.

16

. ,
.

. ,
,
.
To
!

17

:
1.

: , :
..,2006,http://users.auth.gr/~agelaker/.

2.

Nanomagnetics,RSkomski,J.Phys.:Condens.Matter15R841R896,2003,Review

3.

AdvancesinnanomagnetismviaXraytechniques,G.Srajer,MMM,August2006TopicalReview

:
1.

http://www.irm.umn.edu/hg2m/hg2m_d/hg2m_d.htmlinteratomicexchange

http://chemistry.umeche.maine.edu/CHY431/NMR/NMR3.htmlMagneticMomentsforspin1/2

3.

http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Fe/econ.htmlElectronicConfiguration

http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Co/xtal.htmlCrystalStructure

5.

http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/jk1/lectures/node45.htmlMagnetization

6.

http://magnet.atp.tuwien.ac.at/scholz/projects/report/node11.htmlMagnetizationofdemagnetizedstate

7.

http://sls.web.psi.ch/view.php/science/lsy/organization/group_mm/group_mm_home.html Magnetism on
thenanoscale

8.

http://expuma.itc.univie.ac.at/~hans/hpsc/2002/Kresse/_spirals.html Spin spiral magnetism in fcc

iron

9.

http://www.allegromicro.com/en/products/design/dexter/science.aspTheScienceofMagnets

10. http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/PR_display.asp?prID=0623 Shrinking Magnetic Storage Media

DowntotheNanoscale
11. http://www.irm.umn.edu/hg2m/hg2m_c/hg2m_c.htmlmagneticanisotropy
12. http://cnst.nist.gov/epg/Projects/Theory/theory_cidwm.html Theory of current induced domain wall
motion
13. http://www.aacg.bham.ac.uk/magnetic_materials/domains.htmMagneticDomains
14. http://www.aacg.bham.ac.uk/magnetic_materials/magneticmaterials

18