Kinhnghiemhocenglish 140401225732 Phpapp01

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B quyt vit hiu qu
Vi ngi hc ting Anh vit khng nhng l
k nng kh m cn tn rt nhiu thi gian.
vit ng, vit hay tht khng n gin cht
no. Sau y l mt s b quyt chng ti
mun gii thiu nhm gip cc bn vit hiu
qu hn.
1. Dng th thch hp
Trong ting Anh c hai th: ch ng v b ng.
Th ch ng nhn mnh tc nhn gy ra hnh
ng. Th b ng nhn mnh ngi hay vt b tc
ng. Tc nhn gy ra hnh ng c th c
hoc khng c nhc n trong cu b ng. V
d:
Th ch ng: The storm destroyed the
village. (Trn bo ph hy ngi lng).
Th b ng: The village was destroyed by the storm. (Ngi lng b ph hy bi
trn bo).
Th ch ng thng r rng v d hiu hn. Tuy nhin, c mt s trng hp dng th b
ng li thch hp hn. Chng hn khi tc nhn ca hnh ng khng quan trng bng ngi
hay vt b tc ng. Bn cng c th dng th b ng khi khng mun tit l danh tnh ngi
thc hin hnh ng, nh khi bn mun bo v nhn chng. V d nh trong cu sau:
Th ch ng: John Smith overheard his plan of stealing the car. (John Smith
nghe lm c k hoch trm xe hi ca hn ta).
Th b ng: His plan of stealing the car was overheard. (K hoch trm xe hi ca
hn ta b nghe ln).
R rng cu th hai khng cp n tn ngi tit l k hoch n cp xe ca tn trm.
Ngi nghe ch bit rng k hoch bi l cn ai tit l li c hon ton bo mt.
Th b ng cn c dng trnh v k c, gim nh nhng li tuyn b mnh m hoc
nghe c phong cch cng vn hn.
Th ch ng: You must clean the house within this morning. (Con phi lau dn cn
nh ny trong sng hm nay).
Th b ng: The house must be cleaned within this morning. (Cn nh phi c
lau dn trong bui sng hm nay).
Khi c cu th hai bn cm thy tnh cht ra lnh b gim i, ging iu ca cu nghe nh
nhng hn.
2. Trnh nhng chuyn i khng cn thit
Chuyn i l s thay i v cu trc hoc vn phong gia chng mt cu hoc mt on.
Hu ht nhng s thay i ny u lm cho cu vn kh hiu hoc lng cng.
Trnh chuyn i v s (chng hn t s t sang s nhiu).
Thng thng dng s nhiu d hn dng s t. Ln lt bn c th vit li cu bng cch
lc b i t. Hy xem xt v d sau y:
If a person mixes drinking and driving, they may end up in jail.
If a person mixes drinking and driving, he or she may end up in jail.
If people mix drinking and driving, they may end up in jail
People who mix drinking and driving may end up in jail.
(Nhng ngi va ung ru va li xe th u c nguy c phi vo nh ).
Vi cng mt ngha nhng cu cui cng d hiu v sc tch nht.
Trnh chuyn i v ngi (v d nh chuyn i t ngi th ba sang ngi th hai.
V d nh chuyn anyone, someone, he, she thnh you). Hy dng mt ngi
nht qun trong sut bi vit.
Trnh nhng chuyn i khng ph hp v th (v d nh chuyn i t th ch
ng sang b ng). i khi chuyn i v th c th gip ngi c tp trung vo
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mt ch ng. Nu s chuyn i v th lm ch ng thay i theo (chng hn nh
t we chuyn thnh the children) th cu s ri rc v kh hiu. Hy xem xt cu
sau:
As we pulled up to the burning structure, we could hear the children inside screaming
desperately for help. (Khi chng ti tin st ta nh ang chy, chng ti c th nghe thy
ting bn tr bn trong ang la ht cu cu mt cch v vng).
Nu chuyn i th ca cu ny ta s c: As we pulled up to the burning structure, the
children inside could be heard screaming desperately for help. (Khi chng ti tin st ta nh
ang chy, bn tr bn trong c th c nghe r ting go tht cu cu v vng).
Tuy nhin, ta thy rng khi chuyn th cu vn tr nn lng cng v ti ngha hn. Do vy,
cn lu trong mt s trng hp ta ch c th dng th ch ng (hoc b ng).
Trnh chuyn i v quan im. Quan im y chnh l thi v cch nhn
ca ngi ni. V d di y bt u bng quan st ca nhng ngi lnh cu h,
sau li t ngt chuyn sang quan im ca ngi ti x.
We found the car resting on the right slope. The driver struggled to crawl out through the
broken window, afraid the leaking gasoline would ignite. (Chng ti tm ra chic xe nm bn
phi con dc. Ngi ti x c gng b ra ngoi qua cnh ca s b v, lng lo s cht ga
b r r c th pht n bt k lc no).
Trong trng hp ny, we v the driver b nh ng vi nhau khin cho cu vn rt
kh hiu. sa cu ny, ta nn chuyn vic miu t cho mt ch ng nht qun nh sau:
We found the car resting on the right slope. We could see the driver struggling to crawl out
through the broken window, apparently afraid that the leaking gasoline would ignite. (Chng
ti tm ra chic xe nm bn phi con dc. C th thy rng vin ti x c gng b ra
ngoi qua cnh ca s b v, r rng ang lo s cht ga d r c th pht n bt k lc no).
Hy vng rng vi mt s nguyn tc trn bn s ci thin r rt cht lng bi vit ting Anh
ca mnh.
Bi Trang Ging vin Global Education
Hc ting Anh qua cc tr chi phiu lu
Ngy nay, cc bn tr rt quen vi nhng
hot ng gii tr trn mng, trong khng
th khng k n cc tr chi phiu lu
(adventure game) ang ngy cng tr nn ph
bin.
Tr chi phiu lu l mt dng tr chi trn my
tnh c ni dung tng t nh mt b phim, lun
c ct truyn v nhn vt chnh (thng l mt
ngi, v d nh thm t trinh thm hoc cp
bin). im khc bit l bn khng ch xem m
cn iu khin c nhn vt chnh. Bn s
dng chut hoc bn phm cho nhn vt ca mnh di chuyn trong th gii game, nhn
ngm mi th, nht ln, s dng chng v ni chuyn vi cc nhn vt khc. Nhn vt ca
bn cng ni chuyn c vi bn. Chng hn, khi bn bo anh ta quan st mt vt, anh ta
s ni cho bn anh ta thy g. Bn c th s dng thng tin ny quyt nh lm g tip
theo.
Bt c ai tng tham gia mt tr chi phiu lu u thy thch th. Nhng c mt iu
khng phi ai cng bit l nhng tr chi ny cn l mt cch tuyt vi nng cao ting
Anh cho ngi chi. Nguyn nhn l v khi chi, bn c th:
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Nng cao kh nng nghe hiu ting Anh. Trong cc tr chi phiu lu hin i, bn c
th nghe c tt c cc nhn vt ni ting Anh thc th. Cuc i thoi d hiu hn
trong phim: chm hn, r hn v bn c th dng hnh ng nghe li cu . Do ,
chi cc tr chi ny l mt hot ng luyn nghe rt b ch.
Rn luyn kh nng hiu ng php qua trc gic. Khi chi, bn c tip xc vi
rt nhiu cu ting Anh t nhin v chnh xc v ng php. Nhng cu ny khng ch
c ni (nh trn tivi), m trong nhiu tr chi bn cn c th bt ph ln. Nu lm
vy th bn s ng thi nghe c cch pht m v nhn c c cch vit. Kt qu l
tr nh ca bn s lu li c nhiu cu hn.
Ci thin k nng pht m. Nghe ting Anh ni chun lun l cch thc tp pht m
hiu qu.
Thc y ng lc. Khi chi, bn ang vo tnh th m vic bit ting Anh s rt c
ch cho bn, n gin l v nu hiu c on i thoi, bn mi bit c ci g ang
din ra trong tr chi. iu ny gip bn gii cc cu v hiu c nhng tnh hung
d dm. Bn s thm ngh: Ting Anh lm mnh thy d chu v ng lc ca bn tng
ln.
D khng mun th khi chi mt tr chi phiu lu, bn cng s hc c mt t ting Anh.
Nhng nu c gng th bn cn hc c nhiu na. C mt phng php hu hiu m n
gin khi chi l: s dng t in. Thng xuyn tm ngng (pause) tr chi v tra cc t
trong mt cun t in hay dnh cho ngi hc. Bn s hiu nhiu hn v tr chi, v tt
nhin cn hc c mt s t vng ting Anh. Nu thc s c ng c hc ting Anh, bn
c th ghi xung tt c cc t mi, sau , b sung vo cm nang ghi nh bn c th
ghi nh chng mi mi. Nu mun ci thin k nng pht m, hy thng xuyn tm ngng
tr chi v c nhc li cc cu cho tht chun. y l mt bi luyn pht m rt hay, th v
hn nhiu so vi cc bi tp trong gio trnh, i vi cc tr chi phiu lu li cng ng v
cch pht m trong ny r hn trong phim. Nu bn c bit quan tm ti vic nng cao k
nng nghe hiu, bn c th chi tr chi khng c ph . chi c, bn s phi hiu
ting Anh ni. Ln u chc chn bn s gp rc ri, nhng cng ngy bn s cng nghe tt
hn. Lu l khi s dng phng php ny, bn s kh tra t in c v bn khng nhn
thy cc t trn mn hnh m ch nghe thy chng.
Hy hc v tip nhn ting Anh vi nhng cu chuyn y tr tu, d dm bt ng, hnh nh
p, m thanh khuy ng v ging ni ca cc din vin ti nng.
Thanh Sn Ging vin Global Education
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ng ni hoc vit qu sm
Rt nhiu ngi d hc ting Anh c
mt thi gian di nhng vn thng mc li
khi ni hoc vit ting Anh. Mt s ngi
thc hin ng cc quy tc trnh mc li trong
ting Anh nhng vn khng trnh khi cc li
cu. Bn c nm trong s khng?
Nu bn tun th ng quy tc m vn mc
nhiu li khi ni (nhiu hn 1 li trong 3 cu) th c
th bn nn chuyn sang luyn vit mt thi
gian. Hy lm ng cc nguyn tc sau:
1. u tin l vit, sau mi ni. Vit d hn
ni v: 1) bn khng cn pht m ng (nhng
bn phi vit ng), 2) bn c th vit tht chm
m khng ai thy phin, 3) bn c th s dng t
in, website... Do , s rt tt nu bn luyn vit
trc cho ti khi bn c th xy dng mt cu
chnh xc nhanh c th pht ngn.
2. ng ni cho ti khi no bn hc pht
m cc m tit ting Anh. Bn cm pht m
c tt c nguyn m v ph m ting Anh r
rng trc khi ni. Nu khng, bn s b quen vi cch pht m sai.
3. ng ni mt t nu bn khng bit cch pht m t . Ni cch khc, bn cn bit
cch pht m ca tt c cc t bn s dng. Nu khng, bn s mc cc li pht m v
t to thi quen xu cho mnh.
Nu bn vit chm v cn thn m vn mc hn 1 li trong 3 cu th c th bn nn
dng vit mt thi gian v tp trung vo k nng c v nghe.
Nh l bn nn lnh hi vo u nhiu cu ting Anh trc khi xy dng cc cu ca ring
bn. Hot ng chnh ca bn s l c v nghe ting Anh, l do l bn cn cc mu cu
ng lm theo trc khi bn c th t cc cu ca ring mnh. No ca bn cng hp th
c nhiu cu th bn cng din t c nhiu bng ting Anh. Nu bn khng nhn/ nghe
cc cu chun v t nhin trong ting Anh th bn s khng bit cch din t mi th
bng ting Anh nh th no. Do bn s t to ra ngn ng ca ring bn, v nh th
ngha l bn ang mc li.
Trnh t hp l trong qu trnh hc ting l: Pht m Lnh hi Vit Ni. ng tic l
trong cc lp hc ting Anh th trnh t li din ra hon ton khc. Hu nh khng c kho
hc no dy bn pht m ngay t u. t gio vin cung cp d liu cho bn. Thay vo
, bn b bt phi ni v vit: gio vin t cu hi cho bn, yu cu bn lm cc bi tp
ng php hoc cc bi luyn vit. Bng cch , bn thng b mc li v dn dn to thnh
thi quen xu. Do , cch tt nht l bn nn t rn cho mnh thi quen hc ting Anh theo
cc bc hp l vi tr tr gip ca cc trang hc ting Anh trc tuyn. Chc cc bn thnh
cng!
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Nghe special V.O.A nh th no t hiu qu
cao nht?
Rt nhiu hc vin thch hc ting Anh qua
Special V.O.A (V.O.A c bit). N c bit l
bi v cc tin ny c pht thanh vin ni vi
tc chm, rt d nghe, khin cho ngi hc
rt hng th v c cp nht tt c nhng
thng tin nng hi trn khp th gii bng
ngn ng ton cu.
Tuy nhin, vi cc bn trnh va phi, nghe
v hiu c tt c nhng thng tin ny khng phi l vn n gin. Vy lm th no
qua vi ln luyn tp, bn c th nghe c Special V.O.A nh nghe F.M? Rt n gin,
bn hy thc hin cc bc sau khi nghe mt bn tin Special V.O.A:
Bc 1: lt nghe u tin, bn hy nhm mt li, tp trung ht sc vo bn tin
. Hy nghe xem bn tin ni v vn g. ng lo nu bn khng nghe thy ht.
Nh l lt nghe ny, chng ta ang xem vn g ang c cp ti. Bn
s ch cn nghe vi t l c th bit c n ang cp n kinh t, chnh tr, hay
vn ho, v c th l vn g. Hy th xem, n gin hn bn ngh nhiu.
Bc 2: Hy chun b cho mnh mt t giy trng v mt chic bt. lt nghe th
hai, chng ta s va nghe va take note (ghi tm tt). Bn ghi ra tt c nhng t m
bn nghe c trong bn tin , cng nhiu cng tt, hy yn tm l khng ai kim
tra hay nh gi ch vit ca bn, quan trng l hy ghi tht nhiu. bc ny,
chng ta gn nh bt c nhng chnh (main points) ca bn tin y (cc
chnh thng c cp n trong cu ch u, hoc cui mi on).
Bc 3: Bc ny l hon thin cho bc th 2. Bn hy nghe thm mt ln na
v tip tc take note hon thin hn cho bn tm tt ca mnh. Lc ny, bn gn
nh c trong tay bn outline (dn ) ca ngi bin tp vin bn tin ri y.
Bn c th lp li bc ny, tc l nghe v take note thm mt ln na bit thm
nhiu thng tin nh bn mun.
Bc 4: Ai cng bit l cc bn tin trong Special V.O.A lun km theo cc
tapescript (bn ghi). Vy ti sao chng ta khng tn dng cc bn tapescript ny
nh? Trc ht, bc ny bn s va nghe va nhn vo bn tapescript kim
tra li cc thng tin m bn ghi c trn v bit c thng tin no cn thiu,
thng tin no cha chnh xc. Bn c th t cho im mnh da trn chnh xc v
y ca nhng thng tin m bn ghi c.
Bc 5: bc ny, bn s da trn tapescript pht trin k nng ni. Theo
kinh nghim ca nhng ngi Vit ni ting Anh nh ngi bn ng v tng s
dng Special V.O.A, y l phng php cc k hu ch cho bn luyn ng
m. Bn va nghe, va nhn vo bn tapescript, nhc li tng cu theo ng ng
iu ca ngi pht thanh vin. Nu bn c th in ra c bn tapescript, hy dng
mt chic bt, gch di mi t hay mi on c nhn mnh, nh du vo
nhng t c c lt. Bng cch ny, sau mt thi gian nht nh, bn s c
c native - like pronunciation and intonation (ng m v thanh iu ging ngi
bn ng).
Bc 6: Sau khi luyn tp pronunciation (ng m), hy hon thin hn k nng
ca bn bng vic pht trin tnh nature and fluence (t nhin v tri chy). Trong
tay bn lc ny c bn take-note hon chnh ca bn tin, hy t mnh trnh by
mt bn tin da trn nhng thng tin bn ghi li. Bn c th thc hin bc ny
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nhiu ln, cho n khi bn c th ni nh mt ngi pht thanh vin ca Special
V.O.A.
Khng n gin c th tr thnh native - like speaker (ngi ni nh ngi bn ng)
nhng nu kin tr luyn tp thng xuyn theo cc bc nu th tin rng bn s ci thin
c rt nhiu k nng ting Anh ca mnh y.
Thy Mai Ging vin Global Education
Ngng v ngm
Thng thng, khi c mt bi vit, mi ngi
hay vn dng chin lc c ly ni
dung, mc ch l nhanh chng nm c
cc chnh m khng phi tn nhiu cng
sc.
c im ni bt ca chin lc ny l mt khng
cn ch n cc t ng php (mo t, gii t,
lin t...) m ch cn nhn nhng t ch ni dung,
cng chng cn n dng thc ca t hay
cch vit chnh xc mt t, v b qua nhng t
mi khng lm nh hng ti vic hiu ni dung
ca bi c. Vn l bn khng cn cc t ng
php hiu c bi c, nhng bn li cn
chng din t kin ca mnh. Do vy, nu
khng ch ti nhng t nh mo t v gii t,
bn s khng th s dng chng trong cc cu
ca ring bn mt cch chnh xc c.
Bi vit ny s gii thiu vi cc bn phng php c ngng v ngm mt cch thc
nhm gip bn khng cn mc nhng li ng php c bn khi din t bng ting Anh.
Trong lc c mt on vn, bn cn x l cc cu trong nh sau:
1. Dng li nhng ch ng quan tm (ch khng phi nhng ch r mn mt) nh: t
mi, cch s dng mt t, cu trc ng php, gii t, mo t, lin t, cch sp xp t...
Chng hn, bn hy dnh my giy ngm ngh v vic cu s dng gii t at ch
khng phi on; c th cu s dng th hin ti hon thnh ch m bn tng phi l
th qu kh n gin; c th cch sp xp t khc hn vi cu tng ng trong ting Vit.
2. Nu cu c mt cm t c th ng dng c, bn hy t hi: Liu mnh c th t
din t c mt cu tng t khng? Mnh c s dng ng th, ng mo t v gii
t khng? Mnh c s dng c chnh xc th t t nh th khng? Nu bn khng chc
chn, hy luyn c to hay c thm mt cu tng t, a cch din t vo kho t
vng ca bn.
3. Nu cn thit, hoc nu cm thy thch, bn hy s dng t in tra ngha ca t
trong cu v xem thm c cc mu cu v d. Vic ny s gip tng kh nng s dng t ca
bn.
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4. Nu bn s dng s tay ghi nh, ng qun b sung cm t vo b su tp
m bo n s lu li trong tr nh ca bn. Tt nhin l ch nhng cm t hu ch mi c
ghi vo.
Chng hn, khi c cu: Former President Jimmy Carter will visit Venezuela next week to
mediate talks between the government and its opposition, which have been locked in a power
struggle since a failed coup (Nguyn Tng thng J.C. s thm Venezuela tun ti dn
xp cuc m phn gia chnh ph v phe i lp b b tc trong cuc tranh ginh quyn
lc sau khi mt v o chnh tht bi), cc bn c th ngng v ngm nh sau:
"Former President" ch khng phi l "The former President", vy chc phi ni l
"President Bush" ch khng phi "The President Bush", mc d ngi ta vn ni
"The President will do something" khi khng nhc ti tn Tng thng.
"to mediate talks" ch khng phi "to mediate in the talks" hay mt cu trc kiu nh
th. Mnh khng chc nu dng cch sau th c c chp nhn khng...
"power struggle" Hnh nh mnh nhn thy cm t ny u ri.
"since a failed coup" Nh vy mnh c th ni: "Hes not gone out since an
accident" (dng since nh gii t), ch khng ch c mt cch l "Hes not gone out
since an accident happened" (dng since nh lin t).
"since a failed coup" ch khng phi l "since the failed coup". y l do tc gi
khng ngh rng ngi c bit v cuc o chnh ny.
"coup" A, ln trc tra t in mnh bit t ny c l [ku:]!
Nu bn khng thch dng vic c li ( tra t in hay b sung cm t vo s tay), bn
c th ghi nhanh li, hoc dng bt ch hay bt nh gch chn hay t m cc cu bn
thy hay. Bng cch ny, bn c th quay li x l cc cu sau. Mt li khuyn quan trng
na l khng phi lc no bn cng cn s dng chin lc ny. c theo cch ny kh
tn cng sc, v vy, ng thc hin khi bn ang mt mi sau my ting c trin min,
cng ng ch mc nh nhau vi tt c cc cu. Mt s cu trong sch, v d nh
nhng on di miu t vn chng, khng h c nhng cm t hay cu trc hu ch cho
vic thnh lp cu ca ring bn. Nhng thnh ng lng kh hiu ca mt s nhn vt trong
tc phm cng khng cn thit lm.
Cui cng, phng php ngng v ngm khng phi lc no cng gip bn nh c
chnh xc cch din t mt cu. Nhng c l bn s nh c y l mt dng cu l
hoc kh trong ting Anh. Nu nh c nh th th t nht bn s dng trc khi vit
cu tra li thay v mc phi mt li do bt cn.
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T c ting Anh tht l th
Trc khi bt u ni v vit ting Anh, bn
phi hc cch c v nghe cc cu ting Anh
ngi khc ni.
c v nghe l cch thc rt tt nng cao trnh
ting Anh ca bn, nhng ni chung l c d
hn nhiu so vi nghe. V d, nh s tr gip ca
mt cun t in, bn c th hiu c cc bi
c ting Anh d dng hn xem tivi hay cc b
phim ting Anh. Bi vit ny s gii thch ti sao vic t c ting Anh li l mt cch hc
hiu qu.
1. S thm nhun
Nu bn chu kh c vi quyn sch ting Anh, bn s nhn thy ting Anh ca mnh tr
nn tin b hn. Bn s bt u s dng cc t v ng php mi bit trong cc bi vit
trng hay trong cc bc th in t. ng qun l cc cu ting Anh s ch xut hin khi
bn ang ni hoc vit! Nhng ci nh th qu kh n gin v cch s dng lin t since
(t khi) s tr thnh mt phn ca bn. Bn s s dng chng mt cch t ng ho m
khng cn suy ngh. Nhng cm t ng s xut hin ngay trong u bn. Vic s dng
ting Anh s d dng i vi bn, v no bn ch phi lp li nhng g n gp nhiu ln.
Bng cch c mt quyn sch ting Anh, bn s cung cp cho b no hng ngn cu ting
Anh. Gi y cc cu ny tr thnh mt phn ca bn. Lm sao bn c th mc li v ni
"I feeled bad" nu bn nhn thy dng ng ("I felt bad" Ti cm thy kh chu) 250 ln
trong quyn sch bn va mi c? c th s dng hng ngn cu mt cch tri chy,
bn phi c hng vn cu, v bn s qun rt nhiu nhng g c. Nu bn ch c
nhng g gio vin yu cu (chng hn, hai bi bo ngn trong gi hc ting Anh mi tun),
bn s khng tin b c. Vi tc nh vy, ngay c khi bn c hc c ci g trong
tun ny th tun sau bn cng s qun. Bn cn c trung bnh t nht vi trang mi ngy.
V l do , bn cn chu trch nhim cho vic hc ca mnh hy tm my quyn sch v
bt u t c.
2. S hng th
Bn cn bt u t c khng phi ch v n hiu qu, m cn v n y hng th. Khi t c,
bn c c nhng g chnh bn chn, nhng g bn tht s thy hay, hn l nhng g gio
vin bt bn c. Kt qu l, bn sn lng c hn v dnh nhiu thi gian vo vic
hn. Nu bn la chn nhng bi c vui v v th v (chng hn nh: Harry Potter, mt bi
bo vit v my vi tnh, tin tc th thao, mt din n ting Anh v cc mi quan h hay bt
c ci g ph hp vi s thch ca bn) th vic c s khng cn l ci g bn phi lm,
m n s tr thnh mt ci g bn mun lm. Mt khi th, c th bn s thy hnh
phc v bn hiu c ting Anh v c c bi vit tuyt vi . Hn na, khi c mt ci
g c ngha vi bn, bn c th nh c nhiu hn. V d, nu bn c mt bi bo
gio vin a cho, bn s c tht nhanh cho xong. Nhng nu bn c li bi ht mi ca
ban nhc bn yu thch, bn c th lp i lp li v lu vo tr nh li bi ht cng vi l
tt c cc t v cu trc ng php. Nhiu ngi gn ting Anh vi nhng vic khng my
thch th. Chng hn, h ngh: Mnh phi hc ting Anh, nu khng, mnh s khng tm c
vic lm, hoc l Mnh phi hc ting Anh, nu khng, mnh s khng t im qua. Trong
ngh ca h th hc ting Anh l vic h phi lm mc d h khng thch. Cn nhng ngi
t c th li ngh khc. i vi h, ting Anh l ci g gip h t c mc tiu ring,
chng hn: c c quyn sch mi nht ca Stephen King hay ni chuyn c vi
nhng ngi nc ngoi trn cc din n trn mng. H t nguyn dnh thi gian hc ting
Anh hn, thm ch bng nhng cch khng trc tip lin quan n s thch ca h. iu ny
cho thy vic c t do s thc y ng lc hc ting Anh ni chung ca bn.
EbookTeam
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3. Tnh xc thc
Thay v hc t cc ngun c chun b ring cho ngi hc, vic hc t cc ngun Anh v
M ng vai tr rt quan trng. Nu gp mt cu trong mt quyn sch hay trn blog, bn s
bit cu tht s c s dng trong th gii ni ting Anh. Ngc li, cc bi c trn
lp thng c dy th ting Anh chun mc, lc i ht cc t ng thn mt nh "sucks"
(ko) hay "stuff" (mn). Thc t cho thy hu ht ngi hc s la chn ngn ng t nhin
thoi mi hn l nhng chun mc bo th mt cch cng nhc. y l mt l do na
ngi hc thi l thuc vo nhng gi ting Anh trn lp v bt u t c ngn ng ting
Anh i thc.
Thanh Sn Ging vin global Education
Khi ngun cm hng hc tp, ti sao khng?
Lmbt k vic g cng cn c ng lc.
Nhng hnh thnh v pht trin ng lc
hc tp th cn phi c th thut. Bn bit
cch khi ngun cm hng hc tp cho ring
mnh? Bi vit ny gii thiu mt s b quyt
gip bn thc y ng lc hc ting Anh mt
cch hiu qu.
1. Tng tng hnh nh ca bn trong
tng lai
Hy hnh dung bn c th ni chuyn vi ngi bn x nh khi ni ting m . Hy tng
tng ra cnh ngi khc mong mun c th ni ting Anh gii nh bn. Hy ngh n lc
bn c th gi e-mail cho tt c mi ngi t khp ni trn th gii...
2. Nn nh l bn cng kh ri
Bn cng t nhiu hiu bit ting Anh (th nn hin ti bn mi c mt trn trang web ny
tip tc hc tp v nng cao trnh ). y cng l mt thnh cng ng ghi nhn! V by
gi l lc t c nhiu thnh cng hn na, bt u s dng nhng phng php
hc ting Anh hiu qu, v tip thu mt lng kin thc ting Anh tht n tng.
3. V cng cn nh rng vn cn nhiu iu bn cha bit
Bn kh ri, nhng ting Anh ca bn c th cha hon ho. C th bn vn cha hiu
c cc knh ting Anh trn tivi, cha c c cc cun sch ting Anh, cha ni chuyn
c vi ngi bn x mt cch d dng hay cha vit c nhng l th khng mc mt
li no... Ngay c nu bn l hc sinh gii ting Anh nht lp, bn vn nn thng xuyn tm
ra cc mt yu ca mnh tp trung khc phc. Khi bn hc ni ting Anh tht gii ri th
nhng vn bn mc phi s tr nn ht sc nh b, chng hn nh: du cu, cc cu
trc ng php t s dng, cc t him gp hay hiu c ngn t ch ba hay cn gi l
ting lng.
4. S dng ting Anh bt c khi no c th
Yu t ny rt, rt quan trng. Bn cng s dng ting Anh nhiu th bn cng mun hc
n. Do ting Anh rt ph bin nn bn c th vn dng khp mi ni, nh: s dng Google
tm cc trang web ting Anh c nhng thng tin l th, xem phim hot hnh M, chi cc
tr phiu lu trn my tnh hay c nhng quyn sch ting Anh th v. Nu bn nhn thy
ch mt t mi ting Anh gip bn hiu c chng trnh tivi yu thch ca bn (hoc
giao tip c vi mi ngi, hay thng trong mt tr chi) th bn s cn mun hc nhiu t
hn na. V th bn s hc ting Anh nhiu hn, s dng nhiu hn, ri li hc nhiu hn v
EbookTeam
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s dng nhiu hn... Nu bn cn c phng php hc tp hiu qu th ting Anh ca bn
s tin b nhanh ngoi sc tng tng.
5. Tr chuyn vi mi ngi v ting Anh
y l mt phng php n gin nhng hu hiu. Bn thng ni v nhng ti lm bn
thch th. V ngc li, nu bn bt u ni v mt ti nhm chn, th bn cng s bt
u thy thch n, c bit khi bn ni v n t mt gc nhn tch cc hn. Gi s bn ang
hc ting Anh, bn c th gi chuyn vi mt ngi bng mt cu ting Anh nh: Hi, I\''m
studying English and I hate it (Cho cu, t ang hc ting Anh v t ght n lm) hoc mt
cu bng ting Vit: Ny, hm nay t hc c 50 t ting Anh ri y. Cu c bit t ...
ting Anh l g khng? Nu khng c ai gn th bn c th gi in hoc gi e-mail cho
bn b. C th h cng chng quan tm nhng iu u thnh vn ! Quan trng l bn
s say m hc ting Anh hn.
6. Tm mt ngi bn cng ang hc ting Anh
Nu tm c mt ngi bn cng ang hc ting Anh v c trnh tng ng th bn
ang c mt c hi tuyt vi: (1) bn c ngi cng tr chuyn v ting Anh nhm gip
bn thy yu thch ting Anh hn; (2) vic hc cng d dng hn v bn c th bn lun cc
vn gp phi vi ngi bn ; v (3) bn s hc ting Anh nhiu hn c th gii hn
(hoc khng b km hn) bn mnh. Bn nn gp ngi bn ny thng xuyn. Trong
trng hp bn thc s khng th tm c ai sn sng hc ting Anh vi bn th hy c
tm mt ngi bn qua mng.
7. Tiu mt s tin vo vic hc ting Anh
Nu phi tiu tin vo mt ci g th bn s mun s dng n. Nu bn mun tng nim
am m hc ting Anh ca mnh, hy mua mt cun t in mi, mt quyn sch ting Anh
tht hay hoc mt knh truyn hnh cp ting Anh. V bn tr tin cho nhng th nn
bn mun c dng n v nh bn s nng cao trnh ting Anh ca mnh. Phng
php ny to cho bn ng lc bt u hc. V d: nu bn mua mt cun sch dy cch
dng cm ng t, bn s hc c mt s t trong y. Ri bn c s dng chng, chng
hn, vit mt bc e-mail c dng cc t ny. iu s gip tng ng lc ca bn, v bn
li hc nhiu hn na.
8. Nh l hc ting Anh i hi phi hnh ng
Mt hnh ng nh c tc dng ln hn c hng trm bi vit. Chng ti lun mong cc bn
c th thc hin c nhng bi hng dn ng trong mc Kinh nghim hc tp trn
trang web ny, ch khng ch c sung cc bi vit. i thay i khi ta thay i, bn s
thnh cng ch nu nh bn thay i mt ci g trong cuc sng ca mnh.
ng tr hon thm na. Hy bt u ngay t gi pht ny!
EbookTeam
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10 mo hc t vng
i vi nhng ngi bt u hc ngoi ng,
t vng l mt vn rt kh xi. Nhiu hc
vin thc mc rng ti sao h khng th no
nh c cc t va hc mc d vit i
vit li nhiu ln.
Di y l 10 mo nh gip bn hc t vng tt
hn:
1. Hy hc nhng t c lin quan n
nhau. Nu ang hc t miu t min qu,
th d nh valley (thung lng), stream
(dng sui), meadow (ng c) th ng
ln vi cc t miu t cc th thnh ph
(v d nh fire hydrant vi nc cha
chy), hoc nhng t miu t tnh cch.
Nhng t lin quan vi nhau thng cng
xut hin v s d hn khi nh chng chung vi nhau.
2. Hc t vng trong nhng lnh vc m bn yu thch. Nu quan tm v ngh
thut hoc bng , hy c v nhng ti ny. C l trong ting m bn bit
rt nhiu t miu t mt bc tranh, mt trn bng nhng bn li khng bit trong
ting Anh chng gi l g hy tm th xem! Hy nh rng nhng g bn thch l
nhng iu bn mun ni v v l mt phn ca con ngi bn - nu khng bit
cch din t chng, vic ny c th lm bn lo lng y.
3. Hy c mt cun t in hnh nh. N s gip bn nh t mi d dng hn thng
qua vic nhn tranh ca chng.
4. S dng video. Ln ti khi xem mt b phim bn hy ghi li bng ting m 5
hoc 10 vt bn nhn thy nhng li khng bit t ting Anh ca chng l g. Tra
nhng t ny trong t in, ri xem li b phim, luyn tp cch s dng chng. Mt
ln na chng ta li thy rng nh mt ci g tht d dng nu ta nhn thy hnh
nh ca n.
5. Thu mt cun bng t vng. Trong khi bn i b, li xe i lm hay i xe bus bn
hy nghe cun bng . u tin ni t bng ngn ng m , dng li sau
ni t bng ting Anh. Khong dng ny s cho bn thi gian tr li trc khi
xem cu tr li chnh xc.
6. Mua mt cun t in cc t xp theo ngha. l tp hp cc t ng ngha v
tri ngha. C gng s dng nhiu t khc nhau. D nhin i lc bn s dng mt t
khng ph hp, nhng iu ny khng ngn tr bn s dng cun sch hu ch ny
cho vic xy dng mt vn t vng phong ph.
7. Luyn tp t mi khi vit lun. Nu bn c bi tp vit v nh hy ly ra cc t
mi m mnh hc sau c gng s dng chng vo bi vit ca mnh. Nu
khng s dng cc t mi hc lc ni hoc vit bn s nhanh chng qun chng
y.
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
8. Luyn tp t mi khi lm bi tp ng php. ng lng ph nhng c hi qu bu
s dng vn t bn va hc.
9. Luyn tp t mi khi ni. Lit k khong 5 t mi m bn nh s dng trong lp.
C gng dng chng trong cc cuc tho lun. Tin ti i, bn s tm ra cch li
cu chuyn theo cch m bn c th s dng t nht mt vi trong s nhng t ny.
10. Hy c nhiu. c nhiu khng nhng c th ci thin k nng c m bn cn c
th xy cho mnh mt vn t vng phong ph. Trong bi c thng c nhiu t lin
quan n nhau v bn c th dng nhng t hc on ngha ca nhng t
mi.
Nu bit cch ch bin th bn s c mt mn t vng ngon lnh v b dng .
Bi Trang Ging vin Global Education
Ni ng ting Anh
Ng m c coi l mt trong nhng yu t
c s ca tt c cc ngn ng trn th gii.
Nu pht m chnh xc th khng nhng c li
cho vic biu t t tng, nng cao hiu qu
giao tip m cn gip ngi hc ni ng
ting Anh. Vy lmth no hc tt ng m
ting Anh?
1. Ng m ting Anh v ng m ting Vit
c rt nhiu s khc bit.
Do vy chng ta cn phn bit r nhng
s khc bit . Nhiu ngi mi hc c thi quen dng ting Vit ghi m ting
Anh. V d, h ghi m table l thy b, student l s tiu n, bag l bc. Nhiu
t ting Anh c cch c khc nhau nhng do c ghi m bng ting Vit nn
ngi hc khng thy c s khc bit no c, chng hn ghi m cc t why v
white l goai, cc t birth, bird, bus l bt Nu khng loi b thi quen xu
ny th vic hc ting Anh s khng hiu qu. Trong ting Anh, c rt nhiu m
khng c ting Vit, th d nh cc m gi. V vy, ngi hc cn nm vng h
thng k hiu phin m ting Anh ghi li cch c ca cc t ting Anh mt cch
chnh xc. Trong giai on u cch tt nht l bn hy nghe nhiu, bt chc nhiu
cho ti khi bt chc c tht ng mi thi.
2. Tp mt thi quen hc ting Anh tt.
Trong vic hc ting Anh khng nn hn ch vic luyn tp ng m trong cc t n,
cu n m cn phi luyn tp ng m trong c on na. Ban u c th l nhng bi tp
n gin nh:
Fat cat on a mat
Trap rat in a hat
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Bad cat dont do that!
Ri sau nng cao dn bng cc bi luyn m di v kh hn.
Cn phi nghe ng m ca nhng ngi cc la tui khc nhau. Nghe nhiu, m
mm nhiu, bt chc nhiu nhm tng thm kh nng thch ng. Nhng cn lu phi rn
luyn thi quen nghe tht chun ri mi c bt chc.
T mnh tng kt cc quy lut v quy tc pht m. Trong thi gian mi bt u hc,
sau khi hc c mt s t n cn kp thi t tng kt cc quyi lut ng m, th c trc
cc t n, i chiu vi ph hiu ng m, vi cch c ca gio vin. Tip em so snh
vi nhng iu hc c trong sch hay trong nhng li ging ca gio vin. Th d phn
bit cch c nguyn m trong m tit mang trng m v khng mang trng m ra sao, khi
no th c ch a l /a/ v /e/C th dn chuyn t cm tnh nng cao ti l tnh, ngi
hc s nh c su sc, nh c lu cc quy tc pht m ng thi nng cao nng lc
bn thn.
3. Luyn tp ng m trong hot ng thc t.
Nhiu ngi thc mc ti sao mnh hc c ng m ri m vn khng giao tip tt.
Nhiu khi nghe mt cu n gin cng khng hiu v khng ni c. Nguyn nhn khng
phi do hc ng m khng tt m do cha luyn tp nghe v lm quen vi khu ng. Do ,
cch tt nht l nn tham gia vo hot ng giao tip vi thy c, bn b, ng nghip,
ngi bn x, nghe bng, xem ti vi, tham gia cc hot ng ting trn lp, tham gia cc cu
lc b ni ting Anh C nh vy mi dn dn hiu c li ngi khc ni, ng thi mi
din t tng ca mnh bng ting Anh tht lu lot, t ti mc ch giao tip.
4. Ch ti cc hin tng ng m: trng m, tit tu, ng iu, ng ha
Trong ting Anh trng m ng mt vai tr rt ln. C c trng m t v trng m cu. Trng
m t gip ngi nghe phn bit cc t ting Anh mt cch d dng. V d, c rt nhiu
ngi nghe khng th phn bit hai t ch s m l fifteen v fifty. C mt cch rt n
gin gip ta nhn bit c l khi c fifteen th trng m ri vo m tit th nht, fifty th
trng m ri vo m tit th hai. Trng m cu gip ta phn bit c dng ca ngi ni.
V d ta c cu sau: Shes a beautiful girl. Nu t She trong cu trn c nhn mnh th
hm ca ngi ni l c y ch khng phi l ai khc l mt c gi xinh p. Nhng nu t
beautiful c nhn mnh th hm ca ngi ni li mun nhn mnh v p ca c gi.
Ngoi ra, ta cng nn ch ti tit tu bi n gip ta c cc cu ting Anh mt cch tri
chy, khng tn nhiu hi sc, cn ng iu s gip lm tng gi tr biu cm cho li ni.
Vi mt s gi trn hy vng cc bn tm c cu tr li cho nhng kh khn khi hc
ting Anh ca mnh. Chc cc bn thnh cng!
Mai Thanh Ging vin Global Education
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Bn nghe tt cha?
Bn th xem tnh hung ny c ging mnh
khng nh? Ting Anh ca bn ang tin b
rt nhanh, ng php thun thc, c hiu
th khng vn g, ni th tri chy th nhng
k nng nghe li l mt vn !
Trc tin bn nn nh rng khng ch c
mnh bn l nh vy. Nghe c l l k nng kh
nht i vi hu ht ngi hc ting Anh nh
mt ngn ng th hai. iu quan trng nht
gip bn ci thin k nng nghe l phi nghe
thng xuyn. Nu nghe m vn khng hiu g
th cng ng vi nn ch hay tht vng. Bn
hy:
Chp nhn s tht rng bn khng hiu g
c.
Gi bnh tnh khi bn thy mnh khng
hiu g - thm ch c th tip tc khng
hiu trong mt khong thi gian di.
ng c gng dch chng sang ting Vit.
Hy ch tm vo chnh ca nhng g bn ang nghe. ng tp trung vo chi tit
cho ti khi bn hiu chnh ca bi.
Mt trong nhng nguyn tc quan trng nht ca k nng nghe l khng c ch tm
vo nghe tng t hay c gng dch ngha ca chng sang ting Vit. Vic lm nh vy s
khin bn b l nhng chnh quan trng, qu trnh dch cn to nn mt ro cn gia ngi
nghe v ngi ni. Sau y l mt s phng php c bn m ngi hc nghe cn nm
vng:
Nghe nhng g m bn thy th v
C l li ch ln nht ca vic s dng Internet l ci thin k nng nghe. Bn c th
chn nhng g bn thch v nghe bao nhiu ln ty . Bng cch nghe nhng g m
bn thy th v bn s c ng lc, khng thy nhm chn v vn t vng s tr nn
phong ph. y chnh l bc khi u nu bn mun nghe gii.
Nghe t ch im
T hoc cm t ch im c th gip bn hiu chnh ca bi nghe. Nu bn hiu ngha ca
cc t New York, business trip, last year bn c th on ra ngi ang ni v
chuyn cng tc New York nm ngoi. Nn nh rng hiu chnh s gip bn hiu cc chi
tit m ngi ni s pht trin.
Nghe da vo ng cnh
Hy tng tng mt bn ngi Anh ni vi bn cu sau [...] I bought this great tuner at
JRs. It was really cheap and now I can finally listen to National Public Radio broadcasts. Bn
khng hiu tuner c ngha l g. Nu bn c tp trung vo t tuner c l bn s v cng bi
ri. Tuy nhin nu bn t n vo tnh hung cu s d dng hiu l ci g. V d, bought
l qu kh ca buy, listen v radio ngha u quen thuc. By gi bn ch cn ghp chng
vo trong cu: Ti mua mt ci gi l tuner ca hng JR. N rt r v gi y cui
cng ti c th nghe i ting ni ri. Ci vt tunner dng nghe i vy chc chn
tuner l mt loi i ri. y ch l mt v d n gin nhng n minh ha cho nhng g m
bn cn phi ch tm: khng phi tp trung vo t bn khng bit ngha m vo nhng
t bn bit ngha ri.
EbookTeam
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Nghe hiu khng c ngha l bn phi hiu tt c cc t ng m ngi ni pht ra. Tt nhin,
hiu c ton b ni dung ca bi ni l mc tiu m chng ta cn t ti nhng hin ti
khng cn thit phi nh vy. Nghe l k nng kh nht trong bn k nng ting Anh. nghe
gii chng ta phi luyn tp rt nhiu, khng nhng th phi c lng kin nhn cao . Khi
nghe m khng hiu th cng ng lo lng hay nng rut. Th gin, cho tm tr c thoi
mi bn s thy bt ng v s tin b nhanh chng ca mnh.
Nh mt cu thnh ng Anh ni: Practice makes perfect (S luyn tp lm nn iu
hon thin), nghe thng xuyn l cch hu hiu nht ci thin k nng nghe cc bn.
Bi Trang - Ging vin Global Education
Hy suy ngh v quyt nh!
Da trn phng php hc ca mi ngi, c
th xp nhng ngi hc ting Anh vo hai
nhmchnh. Bn thuc nhm no trong hai
nhm? Hy suy ngh v quyt nh!
Trc ht, chng ta hy cng theo di cch hc
ca tng ngi tiu biu cho mi nhm.
Ton l mu ngi hc ting Anh in hnh
mt ngi hc c kh t ng lc hc tp. Thnh
thong ng lc hc tp ca Ton cng ln cao, chng hn nh trc ngy kim tra ting
Anh, hoc l sau mt ln Ton khng th tr chun ting Anh vi mt ngi nc ngoi no
. Nhng ln kiu vy khin Ton ngh: Mnh phi lm g nng cao trnh ting
Anh. Tuy vy, nhng tnh hung ny rt him khi xy ra thng l cha n mt ln mt
thng. V vy, ngay c khi Ton c tp trung cao (v d: hc trn vn hai ngy lin tc
trc k thi) th kt qu vn khng ng k, v cu y s qun 90% nhng g hc trong
vng mt thng. iu ny cng khng c g l l, bi l cch thc hot ng ca b nh:
Bn cn n tp nhng g hc mi lc, nu khng th tt yu bn s qun ht.
By gi chng ta cng quan st mt ngi hc ting Anh khc l Cu. Hu nh ngy no
Cu cng c mt cun tiu thuyt c bit dnh ring cho ngi hc ting Anh (vit bng
ngn ng c n gin ha) trong 30 pht. Cu mua mt cun t in Anh Anh v s
dng t in tra t bt c khi no c mt cu trong cun sch lm cu khng hiu. Lc
u tht kh hc cho ng nguyn tc: c sch v s dng t in khng phi l nhng
hot ng bnh thng i vi Cu, v mi cu trong cun sch li l mt th thch cn
vt qua.
Nhng gi y, sau hai tun, Cu c th c nhanh hn nhiu. Trong khi c, Cu
thng gp li nhng t hc trong hai tun qua. Mi ln gp mt t nh th, Cu khng
phi tra t in na v cu bit rng mnh c tin b. Cu cm thy gn y mnh hc
c nhiu t ting Anh, v cu hng hi hc c nhiu hn na. Mi ngy, Cu trng
ngng c c cun sch ca mnh. Cun sch to iu kin cho cu s dng nhng g
hc (cng l quan st s tin b ca mnh) v cn hc c nhiu hn na. Do c u
n nn Cu qun rt t v vn t vng ca cu ngy mt tng ln.
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Nh vy l Cu i ng hng. Cu s sm c c cc t bo v cc ngun ti liu
khc vit cho ngi bn x. Chng ta gi cch hc ca Cu l cch hc c ng lc.
Th cn bn, bn thuc nhm ca Ton hay ca Cu? V lc ny y, chc hn bn bit
mnh nn tip tc hay l nn thay i cch hc ca mnh sao cho hiu qu. Bn cnh ng
lc, s thch th cng gip tng cng tr nh cho bn. Nu bn thch hc ting Anh, bn s
dnh nhiu thi gian hc ngn ng hn, v bn cng s hc u n. C ng lc v
s thch th cng s mang n cho bn mt thun li khc. Bn s nh cc t mi v cu
trc ng php d dng hn, bi v b no c kh nng ghi nh nhanh hn cc thng tin v
mt lnh vc bn thch. Chng hn, mt s ngi rt thch hc mn lch s v h bit tt c
cc s kin lin quan n cuc Chin tranh Th gii th hai. Nhng nu bn bo mt ngi
bnh thng ghi nh cc thng tin ny th chng bao gi h c th lm c. Do , nim
am m hc tp s mang n cho bn li ch nhiu gp i.
Thanh Sn - Ging vin Global Education
Vt qua th thch ting Anh?
Bn bao gi cmthy kh khn khi hc
ting Anh? Globaledu xin gii thiu vi cc
bn cch vt qua ba thch thc ln nht i
vi ngi hc ting Anh.
Qu thc, qu trnh hc ting Anh t ra v s
thch thc cho ngi hc, trong c ba thch
thc ln nht, c bn v xuyn sut trong qu
trnh hc. Ba thch thc l g?
1. Xy dng nim am m vi vic hc ting
Anh
Tt c nhng ngi hc ting Anh u mun ni
ting Anh tht gii. H u rt hng khi khi ngh
rng mnh c th giao tip tri chy bng ting Anh. Tuy vy, h li thng khng quan tn
n bn thn qu trnh hc. Hu ht mi ngi ngh rng hc ting Anh l mt nhim v, mt
ci g h phi lm ch khng phi l mun lm. H khng tm c nim vui trong vic
hc ting Anh.
Ni tm li, hu ht mi ngi thch ni c ting Anh nhng li khng thch hc ting Anh.
y l vn u tin v ln nht i vi mi ngi hc, bi v mt ngi khng thch hc
mt ngn ng no th s anh khng th hc tt ngn ng c. Nu bn khng yu
ting Anh th chc chn l ting Anh cng s khng yu li bn!
Nu mun tr thnh mt ngi hc thnh cng, bn cn thy yu thch bn thn qu trnh
hc. Bn cn coi thi gian dnh cho ting Anh l thi gian th gin v gii tr. V d, bn
cn thy thch:
c cc cu ting Anh v ngh n cc cu trc.
hc t mi qua t in.
tp vit mt cu chnh xc bng cch tham kho t in, hng dn ng php v trn
Web.
EbookTeam
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L tng nht l lm sao ting Anh tr thnh mt s thch ca bn. Bn nn ngh bn
thn mnh l mt Ngi Hc Ting Anh - mt ngi la chn hc ting Anh l mt trong
nhng hot ng a thch nht ca mnh.
2. To ra thay i u tin trong cuc sng
Quyt nh hc ting Anh i hi nhng thay i trong cuc sng ca bn. Chng hn, bn
quyt nh s c mt quyn sch ting Anh 30 pht mi ngy v c gng ht sc thc
hin n. Thc s l rt kh to ra mt thay i nh nhng lu bn trong cuc sng ca
bn, c bit nu ting Anh dng nh li chng c g hay ho c. Tuy nhin, bn nn bit
rng hc ting Anh 15 pht mi ngy mang li nhiu kt qu hn l hc trn vn c ngy mi
thng mt ln.
3. To ra nhng thay i tip theo trong cuc sng
Khi m vic to ra c thay i u tin l giai on kh khn nht, th mi thay i tip
theo cng tht nng n. Nhiu ngi hc thc hin c bc u tin (v d: H bt u
c mt quyn sch ting Anh mi ngy) v ch dng li . H khng tham gia vo bt k
hot ng xy dng ting Anh no khc.
Mt ngi hc ting Anh tt s thc hin nhiu hot ng b ch nh c, xem tivi, luyn
pht m, nghe bng v.v... v la chn hot ng thch hp ty tm trng ca mnh. Mt hot
ng s khng hiu qu, bi v: bn s thy nhanh chn hn v n ch cung cp cho bn
mt s k nng rt hn hp. V d: c ting Anh khng th ci thin c pht m ca bn
mc d hot ng ny gip bn nng cao ng php, t vng, c hiu, v c k nng vit.
Tm li, mun hc tt ting Anh, bn cn pht huy hiu qu ca tt c cc hot ng bng
cch s dng chng linh hot trong tng trng hp c th. Vi cc gi trn, chc bn
vt qua ba thch thc ln nht vi ngi hc ting Anh.
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Ghi nh - mt chin lc hc ting Anh hiu qu
C rt nhiu kin xung quanh vic hc thuc
lng trong qu trnh hc ngoi ng l xu hay
tt. Nhng theo kinh nghim v quan st ca
rt nhiu gio vin v hc vin hc ting Anh,
ghi nh l mt trong nhng phng php hc
tp rt c hiu qu, gip cho sinh vin c th
hc v s dng ting Anh mt cch nhun
nhuyn v chnh xc. S ghi nh c vn
dng mt cch hp l c th gip sinh vin h
thng ha nhng g m h c hc p
dng vo vic giao tip thc s.
Bn cht ca qu trnh hc ting Anh l hc thuc lng cc lut ng php, cc cu trc cu,
cc t vng v ngha ca chng. Nh th thy vic ghi nh trong qu trnh hc ngoi ng
l quan trng n nh th no. Rt nhiu cc bi nghin cu cng nh t in a ra nh
ngha v s ghi nh nhng nhn chung ghi nh l mt qu trnh thit lp h thng thng tin
trong tr nh. Nh l c lu gi li mt iu g trong no khi cn thit c th phc hi
li t ng, ngha, hnh nh hoc m thanh....
Ngi hc ting Anh s dng s ghi nh theo rt nhiu cch, t vic hc thuc cho n
vic chp li bi nhiu ln. Almad, mt sinh vin Rp, s dng s ghi nh nh mt
chin lc hc t mi. Anh tra trong t in cc t mi, vit chng v ngha ca chng bng
ting Rp vo mt quyn v sau ghi nh ni dng ca quyn v . Kt qu l anh
hc c rt nhiu t.
Mc d vy, iu ny khng c ngha l chng ta tn ng cch hc thuc lng nh vt m
khng hiu g. Ghi nh c hai cch: cch th nht nh chng ti ni - hc nh vt. Ngi
hc c l s rt thuc bi, s ni lu lu nh cho chy nhng khi c hi n nhng vn
lin quan th khng tr li c. Hoc ch cn qun mt hay mt cu trong bi l h s
qun ht c bi . Cch ghi nh ny hon ton th ng v qu l thuc vo tng cu tng
ch ca bi. Tuy nhin, cch nh th hai m chng ti mun cp y chnh l mt
phng php hc hiu qu, n c rt nhiu sinh vin vn dng nh mt chin lc hc
tp ca mnh.
Phng php ny cng gn ging nh cch hc thuc lng nhng phi c s hiu su v
vn c hc ng thi bit vn dng n mt cch linh hot vo trong giao tip. Ngi
hc phi bit ghi nh cc im chnh, cc t ch im v hiu rng mnh ang hc ci g.
Cch ghi nh ny gip cho nhng thng tin cn thit c lu li trong no mt cch h
thng v c s dng c hiu qu trong nhng ng cnh ph hp. V d khi c mt bi
bo, dch hoc nghe mt bi kha th ngi sinh vin gii s bit chn la v ghi ch cc t
mi, cu trc mi sau s lu gi chng trong u cho cc ln vn dng sau. Hu ht sinh
vin u cng nhn rng ghi nh hiu qu th ngi hc nht thit khng c hc thuc
lng m khng hiu g. phi l mt qu trnh chn lc mt cch linh ng, sng to c s
kt hp v tng tc gia kin thc c v kin thc mi. Ngi hc khng c my mc l
thuc y nguyn vo nhng g c ghi nh m phi linh hot ng dng chng vo tng
trng hp c th. V d khi c bo ta thy mt cu c cha thnh ng rt hay We just
pulled your legs (Chng ti ch tru anh thi m). Nhng g m ta cn nh y l pull sbs
legs sau ty tng trng hp m p dng. V d: Dont worry, I am just pulling their legs
(ng lo lng, t ch tru h mt cht thi m).
Sau y l mt s li ch m cch nh ny mang li cho ngi hc ting Anh:
p dng c cc t, cm t, thnh ng mi vo trong ni v vit.
S dng ting Anh mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu.
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C c s pht m chun trong nhng cuc m thoi hng ngy.
C kh nng phn ng nhanh vi nhng tnh hung quen thuc.
Din t tng r rng tri try, khng b p ng hay ngt qung gia chng
T tin, t nhin, thu ht c s ch ca ngi nghe.
Bi ni c chun b mt cch k cng do ngn ng pht ra s logic, cht ch v
hp l.
C th ni ghi nh l mt phng php hc hiu qu nu bit p dng ng cch.Chc
bn nhanh chng lm ch mt vn ting Anh phong ph, linh hot v a dng!
Bi Trang - Ging vin Global Education
Hy chn s ng
Trong cc bi thi nghe IELTS bn thng nghe
thy khng phi ch mt ln nhng con s
khng chnh xc trc khi nghe c con s
ng. V th tr li ngay khi nghe thy con s
u tin khng phi l mt la chn khn
ngoan.
Nhng vn khng phi ch c vy. Nhiu khi th
sinh bit mnh cn nghe nhng con s nhng li
khng h ngh xem chng l loi s g. iu ny cng l nguyn nhn rt ln khin th sinh
chn sai p n. V d khi bn nhn thy cu hi:
What time will the airplane arrive at Sydney airport? (My gi th my bay s n sn bay
Sydney?)
Khi c cu hi ny th cha cn nghe bng v cng chng kh khn g bn bit ngay
rng mnh cn nghe tm ra mt con s. Nhng bn cng cn t hi bn thn hai cu hi
sau:
Bn s nghe loi s g?
Con s cp n ci g?
Chng hn, trong v d trn con s cn tm l mt con s ch gi. Do , bn cn ngh xem
S c baonhiuch s trong cu tr li?
Chng s c dng nh th no?
Con s ch gi c th hai dng: 12 gi v 24 gi. Nu tnh theo dng 12 gi th cu tr li
s l 3 hoc 4 con s. Cn nu tnh theo dng 24 gi th cu tr li s c 4 con s. Trong c
hai trng hp, nhng con s s c ngn cch bi du phy , hoc du hai chm :.
Thm vo nu dng h thi gian 12 gi th s cn n k hiu am v pm phn bit
sng v ti. V d: nu cu tr li l 8 gi 25 ti th p n s c vit l 8:25 pm hoc
20:25. Di y l mt s loi s thng dng v dng xut hin ca chng:
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Loi s S lng cc ch s Dng
S in thoi di ng 8 10 Thng bt u = s 0
S in thoi bn 4-10 Thng bt u = s 0
S in thoi quc t
> s lng ch s in
thoi ni a
Bt u = 001 v m
nc (thng gm 2 ch
s)
M bu in Thi Lan 5 Vit lin
M bu in c 4 5 Vit lin
M bu in Anh 3 4 s + 3 4 ch
Tch thnh 2 phn, mi
phn bao gm ch v s
Th ngy thng
(ngy hoc tun)
2 - 4
Tn ngy + ngy + thng
Ngy thng
(thng hoc nm)
3 - 6 Ngy + thng + nm
Khong thi gian
(VD: mt chuyn i ko
di bao lu)
Tu thuc vo loi hnh
chuyn i (di hay ngn
& phng tin i li)
Thng thng l vi gi,
vi tun thm ch vi
thng nu l chuyn i
bng ng bin
Tui tc 1 2. C th l 3 Vit lin
Diu Linh - Ging vin Global Education
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c hiu c cn qu kh?
C mt s sinh vin hc ting Anh phn nn
rng im c ca h chng bao gi vt qu
6 hoc 7. Vi h, c l mt k nng v cng
kh. Vy lmth no ci thin k nng c?
Trc ht, bn cn hiu r mc ch ca cng
vic c ti liu ca mnh l g.
1. Mc ch ca vic c
Mc ch ca vic c l kt ni nhng
tng trn trang giy vi nhng g bn bit.
Nu bn khng bit mt cht g v ch
m c c nhi nht nhng t ng ca bi c
vo u th chng khc no nc l khoai. Bn s chng gi li c g. Hy
thc hin mt v d sau y. Bn hy c dy s sau v c nh chng.
7516324 Tht kh c v nh.
751-6324 Cch ny d hn v cc con s c ngt ra.
123-4567 Tht d c dy s ny v cu trc v th t cc s r rng.
Tng t nh vy, nu bn thch th thao th c cc bi vit v lnh vc th thao s
rt d hiu i vi bn bi v bn c kin thc c bn trong u c, hiu v lu
gi thng tin. Vy mun ci thin k nng c bn phi lm g?
2. Ci thin k nng c
c hiu yu cu bn phi c ng lc, mt lng kin thc nn lu gi cc
tng, s tp trung cao v mt phng php hc tt. Di y l mt s gi :
M rng kin thc nn. M rng kin thc nn bng vic thng xuyn c bo, tp
ch v sch v. Hy quan tm n nhng s kin th gii. Nhng iu tng chng
nh ngoi tm ph sng v cc lnh vc bn quan tm li c th rt hu ch cho vic
c ca bn sau ny.
Nm chc b cc ca on vn cn c. Mt ngi vit tt thng b cc mt on
vn lm 3 phn: m u, phn thn v kt lun. Thng thng, cu m u a ra mt
ch chung v ch ny s c pht trin phn thn. Bn cnh , cng nn
tm kim nhng t, cm t chuyn tip hay cc on vn m rng ch .
Suy on. Mt ngi c thc th s c gng phng on xem tc gi mun ni g. H
thng t t ra nhng cu hi v t tr li. Nu phn on l ng, n s cng c
hiu bit ca bn. Nu phn on sai, n s gip cho nhng phn on ca bn nhanh
hn.
Tmhiu cch t chc bi c. iu m cc c gi cn quan tm l tm xem bi c
c t chc, sp xp theo th t no: theo th t thi gian, khng gian, s kin,
logic hay chc nng...
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To ng lc v hng th. Xem qua ti liu, t cu hi, tho lun vi cc bn trong
lp. Hng th ca bn cng cao th vic c ca bn em li kt qu cng ln.
Hy ch n cc gi xung quanh bi c. Hy nghin cu k tranh, nh hoc tiu
. c on vn u tin v on vn cui cng trong mt chng. Trong mt phn
nn c k cu u tin hoc cu cui cng. y l nhng phn c ngha rt quan
trng i vi vic hiu bi c.
nh du, tm tt v xemli. c mt quyn sch mt ln l cha . c hiu su
hn bn phi nh du, tm tt v xem li cc chnh.
Xy dng mt vn t vng phong ph. i vi hu ht nhng ngi c gio dc,
l k hoch ca c i ngi. Cch tt nht lm phong ph vn t vng l
thng xuyn s dng t in. Bn c th mang theo bn mnh mt cun t in b
ti tra t mi hoc lp mt danh sch nhng t mi trong ngy mnh gp ti tra.
Hy ch n ngun gc, tin t hay hu t ca chng.
S dng phng php c c h thng nh SQR3. Hy pht trin mt phong cch c
c h thng chng hn nh SQR3 Survey (nghin cu), Questions (t cu hi),
Read (c), Recite (trch dn), Review (n li). Mi phng php u phi ph thuc
vo tnh u tin cng nh mc ch ca vic c.
iu khin tnh hiu qu. Mt ngi c gii s bit cch iu khin s ch , tp
trung hay mc hiu qu ca mnh. H nhanh chng nhn ra l mnh va b qua
no v nhanh chng quay li c n.
ng dng cc gi nu trn mt cch linh hot, tin rng k nng c khng cn qu kh i
vi tt c cc bn.
Bi Trang - Ging vin Global Educatio
Kinh nghim chun b k thi IELTS hiu qu
C ngi nhn nh IELTS nh mt hin
tng v trong 5 nmva qua khng c k thi
no pht trin nh IELTS. Cc trng H
Anh, c, NewZealand, Canada, Singapore t
lu tha nhn IELTS. Vi cc bn sinh vin
khng c nhu cu i du hc, chng ch IELTS
tht s l mt li th khi cc bn i xin vic.
Rt nhiu sinh vin phn nn h khng c
nhiu thi gian n thi, bi vit ny s ch
cho cc bn kinh nghim hc n thi hiu qu
trong thi gian ngn nht, c bit l vi 4 k
nng: nghe, ni. c v vit.
1. Nghe
Hnh thnh k nng phn on
Phn on v tng tng v ch bn chun b nghe cng nhiu cng tt. Hy t mnh t v tr li
cu hi v nhn vt s xut hin, ni dung bn sp nghe l g? iu ny t hn s to cho bn s t m,
hng khi khi nghe.
Chun b
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Hy c cu hi cn thn trc khi nghe v d on cu tr li nu c th.
Khi nghe
Ln u tin nghe bn hy ghi bt k thng tin g nghe c, nu tc ca bng qu nhanh, hy vit
tt nhng thng tin . Trc khi nghe ln hai hy c li cu hi xc nh mt ln na thng tin
bn cn phi nghe.
im quan trng na khi nghe l nghe khng n thun nghe thng tin m hy nghe c ng iu,
sc thi biu cm: ging iu tc ti, hay n ha, chn tht hay ma mai, ging ni gi hay tr. iu
ny chc chn s gip phn no trong vic quyt nh cu tr li ca bn.
Nghe thng xuyn
Practice makes perfect c bit ng vi k nng nghe. Nu nghe thng xuyn, bn s thy quen vi
cch pht m v cch din t ca ngi Anh v iu ny s gip bn chong khi nghe trong
phng thi.
2. c
ng vi nn khi gp nhiu t mi, hy c c v c gng hiu cng nhiu cng tt. Thng th
cu m u s gip bn hiu chung khi qut ca on vn.
Sau ln c u tin bn hy nh hng cch c ln th hai. Bn s c ly thng tin hay
hiu chnh ca bi? Chc hn bn quen vi hai khi nim scan v skim m rt nhiu cc ging
vin y cp n.
ng ngi c n ln th ba hay th t tm c thng tin bn cn. Chm mt cht nhng
vn tt hn l bn t pht minh ra cu tr li.
Mt nguyn tc bn cn nh khi c: c nhanh vlp li s hiu qu hnrt nhiu so vi
bn c chm vcn thn.
3. Vit
ng cm bt ln v bt u vit lun mt mch. Hy nh hng bn cn vit nhng g. Sau y l
cc k xo gip bn vit tt hn:
Thu thp cc tng b tr cho bi vit, v mc ch giao tip ca vn bn bn ang vit.
T chc vn bn theo cu trc logic, nh hng phong cch vit vn bn.
Vit bn th nghim, tin cho vic sa v thm hy cch ra 1 dng khi bn vit.
Hy tng tng bn l ngi c vn bn ny. Hy t mnh r sot cc li sai v sa nu cn
thit.
Tp hp nhng li sai bn hay mc phi, v hy c gng trnh lp li.
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Hc t li sai ca bn hc l hnh thc hc rt nhanh v hiu qu . Thng qua vic cha li cho
bn ca mnh,bn c th rt cho mnh rt nhiu kinh nghim hu ch khi vit.
4. Ni
Hy nh hnh tng sn trc khi ni, c bit nhm sn nhng cu mang ngha then cht
trc khi bt u ni.
Hy hc cch s dng nhng m nh: er, ah, oh cu gi nu tng cha kp n vi
bn.
Trong giao tip bng cch th hin thi quan im ca mnh vi ngi ni nh:
Yes, I think I agree with you but "
"Yes, thats a good question. "
Bn c th c thi gian u t vo cu tr li ca mnh.
Im lng l iu ti k khi ni ting Anh, hy yu cu nhc li hoc gii thch nu bn cm thy
cn thit. I didnt quite get that, could you say it again?"
Hy quan st v hc cch ni ca nhng ngi xung quanh nu bn cm thy ng hc. Hc t
bn b bao gi cng d hn hc t sch v.
Trn y l mt s kinh nghim hy vng c th l gi nh gip cc bn dnh kt qu nh mong mun
trong k thi IELTS.
Hong Tm - Ging vinGlobal Education
Din gii hay o vn?
Bin tu hay b i mt s t trong li pht
biu ca mt tc gi trnh trch dn trc
tip thc ra khng phi l din gii. ch l
mt dng o vn. Bn khin c gi tin rng
bn ang a ra cch hiu ca mnh v li l
ca mt tc gi nhng thc t bn ang s
dng ng cc t tc gi dng. Vy th no
l din gii (paraphrasing)?
Ngi ta vn thng nh ngha din gii
(paraphrasing) l nhng cch khng vit y nguyn
nh bn gc. Din gii i hi bn phi din t
bng li l ca ring mnh. Tt nhin thut ng th
bn vn phi gi nguyn nh trong bn gc. V
d, nu bn ang vit v culture shock (c sc vn ho), th bn khng th n trnh t .
Tuy nhin, nu bn ch n gin nhc li nh con vt cu trc cu, vn phong v cch chn
t nh nguyn bn th khng phi l din gii.
C th thc hin chin lc din gii nh sau: c mt phn trong nguyn bn bn nh
tham kho, sau t nguyn bn sang mt bn ri vit li cch hiu bng ngn t ring ca
bn. Nu khng lm c th bn cn c li nguyn bn hiu k hn trc khi th li.
i khi c to cng gip ch c phn no. Di y l v d th no l din gii v th no
khng phi l din gii:
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Nguyn bn:
Vietnamese tradition wisely forbade the confiscation of land for the payment of debts, but the
French ignored this tradition. A peasant\'s land was treated like any other real asset that
could be seized for the payment of debts. Fearing the confiscation of their land for non-
payment of taxes, many peasants turned to wealthy Vietnamese for loans (at interest rates
that often exceeded 100% per annum) to meet their tax obligation in a futile attempt to stall off
the inevitable. Slowly but surely Vietnam was transformed into a land of huge estates on
which approximately seventy percent of the population toiled as sharecroppers. French tax
policy was exploitative and shortsighted. Within two generations it created the social and
economic conditions for revolution. (p. 114)
*Source: Quincy, K. (1995). Hmong: History of a people. Cheney, WA: Eastern Washington
University Press.
[Truyn thng Vit Nam by lu nghim cm vic thu hi t bt n, nhng thc dn Php
khng thm n iu . Chng coi t ca ngi nng dn nh bt c ti sn no
khc, c th b tch thu sit n. Lo s b tch thu t v cha np thu, nhiu nng dn tm
n nhng ngi Vit Nam giu c vay n (vi t l li sut thng l vt qu 100% mt
nm) hon thnh ngha v np thu trong mt c gng v ch nhm tr hon vic khng
th trnh khi. Chm chp m chc chn, Vit Nam bin thnh mt in trang khng l
m trn xp x by mi phn trm dn s tr thnh nhng ngi cy thu phi lao ng
cc nhc. Chnh sch thu ca thc dn Php y tnh bc lt v thin cn. Trong vng hai
th h, n to ra iu kin kinh t v x hi tin hnh cch mng.
* Ngun: Quincy, K. (1995). Hmong: Lch s ca mt dn tc. Cheney, WA. Nh xut bn i
hc ng Washington.]
on din gii:
Vietnamese tradition did not allow the seizing of land for the payment of debts. The
French, however ignored the tradition and treated land like any other asset. Fearing the
loss of their property, many peasants went to wealthy Vietnamese for loans at high
interest rates. Eventually, Vietnamwas changed into a collection of huge estates, where
nearly three-fourths of the people worked as sharecroppers. The tax policy of the French
was unfair and misguided, and it set the stage for revolution (Quincy, 1995).
c li on trn, ch cc t nghing m l nhng t ly nguyn t bn gc. Nh vy r
rng on din gii ny thc ra l mt s o vn. Gn nh ton b on din gii gm
ng cc t c s dng theo ng kt cu ng php nh trong nguyn bn. Ngay c khi
ngi din gii c tm cc t ng ngha thay th t gc th on ny vn l o vn v kiu
din t vn y nh vy. By gi so snh on trn vi on din gii d chp nhn hn di
y, trong cc c tm tt v biu t li theo mt cch thc mi.
on din gii hp l:
Misguided and harsh French tax policies in Vietnamcontributed to political instability.
Caught between tax collectors and greedy moneylenders, peasants lost their small
landholdings to tax collectors or to greedy moneylenders. As these landholdings were
EbookTeam
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consolidated into large estates, most of the population ended up sharecropping for their
wealthy owners and eventually rebelling (Quincy, 1995).
Nu bn cho l mt s t kha ca tc gi cn c gi li, chng hn cc t m t chnh
sch thu ca thc dn Php, th bn c th trch dn ch nhng t trong on din gii
ca mnh nh sau:
"Exploitative and shortsighted" French tax policies in Vietnam contributed to.... Ch bng cch
bn mi lm cho on vn hon ton l ca bn.
Lm th no trnh mc li trong ting Anh
Mc li l iu khng th trnh khi trong qu
trnh hc ngoi ng. Tuy nhin bn s trnh
c tnh trng mc li qu nhiu nu thc
hin cc quy tc sau y:
1. S dng ngn ng n gin. Mt s
ngi mi hc lun c xy dng cc cu rt phc
tp vi nhng cu trc kiu nh th hin ti hon
thnh hoc cu iu kin. V h b mc li trm
trng. ng lm nh th! Nu ch mi bt u hc
ni hoc vit ting Anh, bn nn ni nhng g bn
c th ni (cc cu n gin m bn gp nhiu) ch khng phi nhng g bn mun ni
(cc cu phc tp). C th bn s c cm gic bn ang ni ng ngh nh mt a tr, hoc
l bn khng th din t c suy ngh ca mnh, nhng ng lo lng v iu . Lc ny
y, nhim v ca bn khng phi l thoi mi biu t kin, m nhim v ca bn l hc
ngoi ng.
2. Chm ri v cn thn. Lc u, bn nn vit tht chm. Nu bn mt ti hai ting
ng h vit c mt bc th in t ch c vn vn 10 cu ng th cng chng sao c.
l khong thi gian cn thit nu bn ch mi bt u tp vit.
Ti sao li mt nhiu thi gian n vy? Bi v bn nn c li cc cu nhiu ln tm li.
Bn nn thng xuyn sa cc cu ca chnh bn. Bn nn kim tra xem cc cu ng
cha bng cch s dng t in v mng. V bn nn tm cc cu v d bt chc.
Khi ni, bn cng c th dnh thi gian thit lp sn mt cu trong u trc khi m
ming.
3. Khi vit, lun phi tra k cc t. Bt c lc no khng chc chn v cch s dng
ca mt t, bn nn tra trong mt cun t in hay tm cc cu mu ca t . Khi bn
vit mt cu m khng chc cu y c ng khng th hy tm kim trn mng vi trang
Google. Nu c nhiu trang web c cha cm t bn nh vit th cm t c th ng. T
EbookTeam
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in v Google nn l cng c thng xuyn ca bn, v bn nn s dng chng thm ch
nhiu ln trong mt cu (c bit nu bn ch mi bt u vit ting Anh).
4. Bit mnh c th chnh ch no. Ngi hc thnh thong cn chng nhn thc c
ting Anh khc ting m im no. Khi ni, h c dch tng t mt t ting m sang,
v ngh rng nh th l c mt cu. Khi c hoc nghe ting Anh, cn ch k nhng
yu t nh cch sp xp t, mo t, gii t v th. So snh cc cu ting Anh vi cc cu
tng ng trong ting Vit. Lu s khc bit v t v th t ca t. Vic ny s gip
bn thn trng hn khi ni ngoi ng, v bn c th nhn ra phn no ca cu c th sai v
nn c kim tra li ln na.
Nu ni qu chm v cn thn nh vy th c bao gi ti ni lu lot c khng?
ng lo lng v vic ni lu lot. Ch n gin bng cch ni chuyn l bn c th ni tri
chy c. Nu bn luyn ni, bn s ni ngy cng nhanh hn. trng ph thng, nhiu
hc sinh c th ni tng i tri chy ch bng cch ni chuyn vi gio vin ting Anh (l
ngi bn x) hai ting mt tun. Nh vy l ch mt c 8 gi ni.
Theo chng ti, th rng chm v ng cn hn l lu lot m mc nhiu li. Ti sao? Bi
v nu bn chm v ng, bn c th d dng tng dn tc v tr nn ni va ng va
lu lot. Cn nu bn ni lu lot v mc li nhiu, th vic khc phc c li sai tr nn
ni va ng va lu lot l rt kh.
c g cho hiu qu
Bn c cho rng mn c ting Anh tht kh
khn v phc tp? Nhng phng php di
y s gip bn ci thin mn c ca mnh
mt cch ng k.
c ci g th v. N cn th v n
mc bn trng ch c c n hng ngy. N
khng cn phi tr tu, cng khng cn phi nng
cao kin thc ca bn v khoa hc hay lch s.
Nh l bn ang mun thuyt phc bn thn rng
c ting Anh rt hay. ng cm thy ti li v
vic c cc truyn tranh vui, cc tp ch, truyn
trinh thm hay cc cu chuyn tnh lng mn
v.v...
c ci g thch thc, nhng ng nh qu. iu ny c ngha l g? Cn
c mt s t bn khng bit, bi v bn ang mun hc ci g . Tuy nhin, khng nn c
qu nhiu t kh, bi v chc chn bn khng mun s dng t in 10 ln cho mt cu.
y c mt quy tc n gin: Nu bn khng thy thch th vi bi vit th hy chuyn sang
bi khc d hn.
c ci g vi th loi cu m bn mun t mnh vit hoc ni c. Bn
mun hc ni v my tnh bng ting Anh? Hy tham gia mt din n ting Anh v my tnh.
Khi chn mt cun sch, hy chn cun dng ngn ng hin i v c nhiu on hi thoi.
Nu bn c mt cun sch vit bng ting Anh c in vi rt nhiu on miu t vn
chng, bn s khng th s dng qu nhiu cm t ny trong nhng cu ca ring bn (tr
khi bn nh vit sch ting Anh). Th bn mun l nhng cu hu ch bn c th bt
chc.
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Hy bt u bng vic c mt vi cun sch ca cng mt tc gi (hoc mt vi
cun sch v cng mt ch ). Mi tc gi c vn t vng hay ng php ca ring mnh. V
d, khi c mt cun sch ca Michael Crichton, bn s gp nhiu t ng khoa hc. V sau,
bn s thy c mt cun tiu thuyt ca Michael Crichton d dng hn c cun sch ca
mt tc gi khc. Khi c cun sch do cng mt ngi vit, bn s nhn thy bn hiu n
d dng hn rt nhiu so vi cun trc, v bn s cm thy tuyt vi v nhng tin b bn
t c trong mn ting Anh. Tri li, nu bn nhy t tc gi ny sang tc gi khc (hay
ch ny sang ch khc), bn s lun thy nn lng v nhng t vng v ng php
cha bit. iu ny khng tt i vi ng lc hc tp ca bn.
Di y l mt s gi v nhng bi vit m bn c th c bng ting Anh:
Vn hc. Bt c loi sch no bn thch, bn c th c chng bng ting Anh.
Sch gin lc. y l loi sch rt ph bin, c vit li bng ngn ng ting Anh
n gin dnh cho ngi hc. Loi sch ny rt hon ho cho nhng ngi mi bt u.
Chng sn c cc trnh khc nhau - cp n gin nht s dng ch 200 t ting Anh
c bn. Hy th cc cp bc trung hay bc cao (hn 1000 t). Nhng cp thp nht
s dng qu t t nn chng nghe rt khng t nhin.
Sch khoa hc. Nu bn thch khoa hc, bn c th tm c nhng cun sch khoa
hc rt hay vit bng ting Anh. C rt nhiu tc gi ni ting Anh ni ting trong cc lnh vc
nh: tm l hc, sinh hc tin ha, vt l hay kinh t.
Forum (Din n) v blog. Din n, cc nhm tho lun v blog l mt ngun c
o hc ngn ng vit t nhin. Khng ging cc ngun vit khc nh sch v hay bo
ch, ngun ny rt gn gi vi cch ngi bn x ni. V vy, y l mt ngun cung cp ti
liu tuyt vi cho ngi hc ting Anh. Tht l tng khi bn gn kt c vi cc din n
dnh cho ngi bn x v nh l ngi bn x cng b mc li khi vit.
E-mail (Th in t). Ging nh din n v blog, e-mail ca ngi bn x l mt
ngun di do cung cp ting Anh thng nht, l loi ting Anh bn mun s dng hu
ht mi lc (tr trong mt s dp nghi thc). Giao tip vi ngi bn x qua e-mail mang li
cho bn nhiu iu th v cng nh c hi bn thc hnh k nng vit ca mnh.
Software (Phn mm). Bn c th bt u s dng cc phin bn ting Anh trn h
iu hnh, phn mm son tho vn bn v cc ng dng khc.
Thanh Sn - Ging vinGlobal Education
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Nhng nhn t cn thit hc gii ting Anh
Hc ting Anh i hi phi hnh ng. Bn c
th bit tt c cc b quyt hc ting Anh
tht tt, nhng nu khng bt tay vo thc
hin nhng b quyt th bn s chng t
c g c. S tht l, nu bn mun ni c
ting Anh, bn phi thay i cuc sng ca
bn. Di y l mt s v d v nhng vic
bn s phi lm:
c mt quyn sch ting Anh mi ngy mt ting, phn tch ng php trong cu v
tra t trong t in ting Anh.
Nghe bng bn km cc sch luyn nghe hay bt c bng a ting Anh no khc,
thng xuyn cho dng on bng c hiu on ni g v c gng bt chc cch
pht m ca ngi ni.
Dnh c bui chiu tp pht m cho c m r trong ting Anh.
Cn thn vit mt bc th in t bng ting Anh, c 20 giy li s dng t in hoc
mt cng c tm kim trn Web m bo tng t bn dng u ng, v dnh 5 pht
vit mt cu.
Ngh v mt cu ting Anh bn c, t hi liu c th dng a thay cho the trong
cu khng, v c tm cc cu tng t trn Web c c gii p.
Ra ph v t t cc cu ting Anh n gin trong u (ni chuyn mt mnh bng
ting Anh v nhng g bn nhn thy xung quanh).
C th bn s thc mc dng ngi no li lm nhng vic k quc trn y? Xin tha, ch
c mt dng thi. Dng ngi thch lm nhng vic . Nu bn mun ni c ting Anh
th bn cng sp tr thnh dng ngi ny ri y. Bn khng th ght lm nhng vic ny
c. Bn bao gi nghe thy ai thnh cng bng cch lm nhng vic anh ta ght cha?
Vn i vi vic hc v dy ting Anh l tt c ngi hc u mun ni ting Anh tht
gii; tuy nhin, hu ht li khng mun dnh thi gian t hc ting Anh. ( c th l
l do ti sao h ng k hc cc lp ting Anh vi hy vng gio vin c th nhi nht kin
thc vo u h.)
S thiu ng lc ny ngha l ngi hc ni chung khng chu b thi gian ring ca mnh
ra hc ting Anh, v nu c th cng khng u n. V d, ngi hc c th hc cc cm
ng t sut 12 ting ng h trc mt k thi ting Anh, nhng li khng chu c mt
quyn sch ting Anh 30 pht mi ngy. Anh ta khng cm nhn c l hc ting Anh cng
c ci th v ring ca n, do anh ta ch hc khi no b bt buc. Vn l nhng n lc
ng k mt ln chng mang li cho bn ci g c, trong khi , nhng hot ng nh nht
hng ngy li rt hiu qu. Nu bn l mt trong nhng ngi hc ging nh trn v khng
cm thy thch luyn pht m m r hay ngh v cc cu ting Anh hng ngy, th chng ti
c tin tc cho bn y: Bn sp sa phi p mnh thch lm nhng vic . Ni cch khc,
bn s phi lm g tc ng vo ng c thc y vic hc ca bn.
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Hc ting Anh vi Google
S dng Google kim tra vit nh th no?
Gi s bn mun vit When did you get
here? (Anh n y khi no?) v khng chc
nn s dng th hin ti hon thnh hay qu
kh n gin. Th l bn thc hin hai bc
tmkim trn Google:
"When did you get here?" (28.200 kt
qu)
"When have you got here?" (1 kt qu)
(Ch s dng du trch dn yu cu Google ch tm
nhng cm t kt hp chnh xc nh th).
Ln tm kim u tin tm c hn 28.000 kt qu,
cn ln th hai ch c 1. V th d dng thy cu u
tin ng. Tt nhin, kt qu khng phi lc no cng
r rng. Nhiu trang web trn mng cng c li cu.
Bn cn kim tra ng cnh m bo cm t c
th c dng biu t ngha bn mun.
S dng du hoa th:
Gi s bn mun ni That sounds pretty silly, doesn\'t it? (iu nghe c v ng ngn nh?), nhng
bn khng chc phi s dng cu hi ui no cui cu (doesn\'t it hay doesn\'t that?). Bn li tin
hnh hai bc tm kim trn Google:
"That sounds really nice, doesn\'t it?" (Ci nghe tht s hay y nh?) (28 kt qu)
"That sounds really nice, doesn\'t that?" (3 kt qu)
Ln ny th bn tht vng ri. C hai ln tm kim u tm c t kt qu, khin bn khng th bit
chc thc s cu no l ng. Nhng c mt th thut rt hay s gip bn khc phc vn . Ch n
gin thay th cc t really v nice bng cc du hoa th:
"That sounds * *, doesn\'t it?" (160.000 kt qu)
"That sounds * *, doesn\'t that?" (680 kt qu)
By gi th r rng cu u ng. Google tm kim c trn 160.000 kt qu vi nhng cu c cu
trc tng t.
Tm nh ngha cc t ting Anh trong Google nh th no?
Gi s bn mun bit tank topngha l g. nh ngha t mt cun t in s khng gii thch nhiu:
tank top= (American English) a piece of clothing like a T-shirt but with no sleeves
(Ting Anh M) mt loi o ging o lt dt kim ngn tay nhng khng c tay.
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Thay v phi tra t in, bn c th tm kim t trn Google. Hy nhn vo thanh mu xanh bn trn
cc kt qu tm c, chng c trnh by nh sau:
Web Results 1 - 10 of about 11,500,000 for tank top [definition]. (0.23
seconds)
---Kt qu 1-10trn tng s 11.500.000kt qu tm c cho t tank top[nh ngha] (0,23giy)---
Nu bn nhy vo ng link [definition], mt trang mi s m ra. bn c th tm thy nh ngha
chi tit cho t tank top, cng nh ng dn vo trang Wikipedia (cun bch khoa ton th min ph
trn mng). N s cung cp cho bn nhiu thng tin hn, v quan trng hn l c hnh nh.
Bn cng c th s dng chc nng Tm kim Hnh nh ca Google (Google\'s Image Search) tm
hnh nh ca tank tops.
Tm kim li bi ht trn Google nh th no?
Nu bn bit tc gi v tn bi ht th ch cn g vo tm kim cng vi t lyrics (li bi ht). V
d: lyrics U2 Beautiful Day.
Bn khng bit tn bi ht? Khng h g. Nu bn bit mt vi t trong bi ht, Google c th tm bi
ht cho bn. Hy th g vo cc t sau lyrics "I see skies of blue".
Ci thin k nng vit ting Anh trong 5 pht
Khi hc ting Anh, mt k nng rt nh nhng
v cng quan trng l vit chnh xc, c
bit vi nhng bi vit ngn. Vit nh th no
l ng nguyn tc vit ca ting Anh? Bi vit
sau y s gip bn hiu r hn v vn ny.
Di y l cu chuyn do mt ngi k li,
nhng n b c vit theo mt cch thc rt kh
chu. Bn c thy d chu khi c on sau y
khng?
Today , I can understand the beatles very clearly.Each time I hear a Beatles song,I am
delighted and proud becouse i have mademy childhood dream come true. I listen to many
rock bands , all in English,and I listen every day ,sometimes forover seven hours a day.I ma
constantly aware ofmy success with english because i cna understand the lyrics ofthe
songs i listen to.and taht gives me pleasure and Satisfaction for many hours every day .
By gi bn c th c li phin bn gc ca on ny. C phi on vn vn th nhng c
d chu hn nhiu?
Today, I can understand The Beatles very clearly. Each time I hear a Beatles song, I am
delighted and proud because I have made my childhood dream come true. I listen to many
rock bands, all in English, and I listen every day, sometimes for over seven hours a day. I am
constantly aware of my success with English because I can understand the lyrics of the songs
I listen to. And that gives me pleasure and satisfaction for many hours every day.
[Gi y ti c th hiu rt r khi nghe ban nhc The Beatles. Mi khi nghe mt bi ht ca
Beatles ti li thy vui sng v t ho v ti bin gic m thi nin thiu ca mnh thnh
EbookTeam
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hin thc. Ti nghe nhiu ban nhc rock, tt c u bng ting Anh, v ti nghe hng ngy,
i khi hn by ting mt ngy. Ti nhn thy thnh cng ca mnh vi mn ting Anh v ti
hiu c li ca cc bi ht m ti nghe. V iu em li cho ti cm gic thch th v
hi lng sut my gi ng h mi ngy]
C ba loi li nh my thng gy mt cm tnh cho ngi c:
S dng sai du cch (cch thiu hoc cch tha)
Vit hoa khng ng (vit ch thng thay cho ch hoa hoc ch hoa thay cho ch
thng)
Sai chnh t
Lm th no trnh tnh trng vit gy kh chu?
Cn thn. t du cch gia cc t. S dng ng ch vit hoa: t u tin trong cu
phi bt u bng ch vit hoa. Cc tn ring cng c ch ci u vit hoa (v d: English v
The Beatles).
You v I. Lu l t I c vit l I, khng phi i, v t you c vit l
you, khng phi u.
t du cch sau mi du phy v du chm; khng bao gi t du cch ng
trc.
Cch t sai:
I listen to many rock bands , all in English,and I listen every day ,sometimes for over seven
hours a day . I am constantly aware of my success with English .
Cch t ng:
I listen to many rock bands, all in English, and I listen every day, sometimes for over seven
hours a day. I am constantly aware of my success with English.
S dng chc nng kim tra li chnh t t ng. Vi chc nng kim tra chnh t,
bn c th d dng trnh c cc li kiu becouse (thay v because), ma (thay v am), cna
(thay v can) v taht (thay v that).
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Bn ang dng Anh Anh hay Anh M? (Phn 1)
Trong khi c rt nhiu dng ting Anh th ting
Anh Anh v Anh M vn l hai bin th c
dng trong hu ht cc chng trnh dy ting
Anh. Ni chung, mi ngi u nht tr l
khng c phin bn no ng, tuy vy, chc
chn vn c u tin trong cch s dng.
Kinh nghim quan trng nht l c gng s dng sao
cho ph hp. Nu bn quyt nh rng bn mun dng
cch vit Anh M th hy vit cho ph hp. V d: The
color of theorangeisalsoitsflavour (Mu ca qu
cam cng l hng v ca n) - color l cch vit Anh
M cn flavour l cch vit Anh Anh. Vic ny tt
nhin khng phi lc no cng d dng hay c th thc
hin c. Nhng hng dn di y nhm ch ra
khc bit ch yu gia hai bin th ting Anh ny.
Cch s dng th hin ti hon thnh (HTHT)
Trong ting Anh Anh, th HTHT c s dng din t mt hnh ng va xy ra trong qu kh v
c nh hng ti thi im hin ti. V d:
I \'velost mykey. Canyouhelpmelook for it?
(Ti nh mt cha kha ri. Cu c th gip ti tm n c ch?)
Trong ting M cng c th s dng cu trc sau:
I lost mykey. Canyouhelpmelook for it?
Trong ting Anh Anh, cu trn s c coi l sai. Tuy nhin, c hai cch ni chung u c chp nhn
trong ting Anh M chun. Nhng cch s dng khc lin quan n th HTHT trong ting Anh Anh v
th qu kh n gin trong ting Anh M bao gm already, just v yet.
Ting Anh Anh:
I \'vejust hadlunch. (Ti va mi n tra.)
I \'vealreadyseenthat film. (Ti xem b phim y ri.)
Haveyoufinishedyour homework yet? (Bn lm lm bi tp nh cha?)
Ting Anh M:
I just hadlunchHOC I \'vejust hadlunch.
I \'vealreadyseenthat filmHOC I alreadysawthat film.
Haveyoufinishedyour homework yet? HOC Didyoufinishyour homework yet?
S hu
C hai cch biu t s s hu trong ting Anh: Havehoc Havegot.
Doyouhaveacar?/Haveyougot acar? (Anh c t khng?)
Hehasn\'t got anyfriends./Hedoesn\'t haveanyfriends. (Cu y khng c ngi bn no.)
Shehasabeautiful newhome./She\'sgot abeautiful newhome. (C y c mt ngi nh mi p.)
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Trong khi c hai cch u ng (v c chp nhn trong c ting Anh Anh v Anh M), th have
got (have you got, he hasn\'t got...) ni chung vn c a thch hn trong ting Anh Anh cn hu ht
ngi ni ting Anh M li s dng have (do you have, he doesn\'t have...).
ng t get
Qu kh phn t ca ng t get trong ting Anh M l gotten, cn trong ting Anh Anh l
got. V d: Anh M - He\'s gotten much better at playing tennis. (N chi qun vt tt
hn nhiu). Anh Anh - He\'s got much better at playing tennis.
Bn ang dng Anh Anh hay Anh M? (Phn 2)
Bi vit di y tip tc ch ra s khc bit
ch yu gia hai bin th Anh Anh v Anh M
vi cc yu t v t vng, gii t v cch vit.
T vng
C l s khc bit chnh trong ting Anh Anh v
Anh M nm cch la chn t vng (word
choice). Mt s t ch nhng th khc nhau trong
hai bin th. V d:
Mean: Anh M gin, cu knh, Anh Anh khng ho phng, keo kit.
Rubber: Anh M bao cao su, Anh Anh vt dng dng ty du bt ch.
Cn rt nhiu v d na. Nu c khc bit g trong cch s dng, t in ca bn s ch r
cc ngha khc nhau trong nh ngha thut ng. Nhiu t c s dng trong ting ny m
khng phi trong ting kia. Chng hn trong thut ng v t (automobiles), cng ch mt
th nhng ting Anh M v Anh Anh theo th t li dng cc t sau: np y my t (hood
~bonnet), thng sau xe t (trunk ~boot), xe ti (truck ~lorry).
Gii t
Cng c mt vi khc bit trong cch s dng gii t (theo th t Anh M ~ Anh Anh), gm
c:
On the weekend ~At the weekend (Vo ngy cui tun)
On a team~In a team(Trong mt i)
Please write me soon ~Please write to me soon (Lm n vit cho ti sm)
Qu kh n gin/ Qu kh phn t
Cc ng t di y c hai dng qu kh n gin/qu kh phn t c th chp nhn
trong c ting Anh Anh v Anh M, tuy nhin, dng bt quy tc (dng u tin trong hai dng)
ni chung ph bin trong ting Anh Anh hn, cn dng quy tc ph bin hn vi ting Anh
M:
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Burn:
t
chy
burnt
HOC
burned
Dream:
m
dreamt
HOC
dreamed
Lean:
da,
chng
leant
HOC
leaned
Learn:
hc
learnt
HOC
learned
Smell:
ngi
smelt
HOC
smelled
Spell:
nh
vn
spelt
HOC
spelled
Spill:
lm
trn
spilt
HOC
spilled
Spoil:
lm
hng
spoilt
HOC
spoiled
Cch vit
Di y l mt s khc bit chung gia cc hai vit Anh Anh v Anh M:
Nhng t kt thc bng or (Anh M), our (Anh Anh): color/colour (mu sc),
humor/humour (s khi hi), flavor/ flavour (mi v)...
Nhng t kt thc bng ize (Anh M), ise (Anh Anh): recognize/recognise (nhn ra),
patronize/patronise (bo tr)...
Cch tt nht m bo bn ang vit mt cch ph hp l s dng ch kim tra trn h son tho
vn bn ca bn (tt nhin nu bn ang s dng my tnh) v la chn bin th no bn thch. Nh
bn thy, tht ra c rt t s khc bit gia ting Anh Anh chun v Anh M chun. Tuy nhin, khc
bit ln nht c th l khc bit trong la chn t vng v cch pht m.
Thanh Sn - Ging vinGlobal Education
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
S dng t in th no cho hp l?
Bn ang theo hc mt ngn ng mi
vy m c qu nhiu th thch xy
n? Cc hin tng ng php, ng
m, cc tp qun ngn ng nh mt
bc tng chn trn bc ng ca
bn? Lmth no hiu c thng
ip t mi ngun tin trong ngn ng
nu nh bn cha c mt vn t
nht nh?
n lc bn cn n mt ngi ng
hnh thn thuc_mt cun t in s
gip ch cho bn tht nhiu. Vi mt cun
t in bn s lm c nhng g? C
rt nhiu l do khin bn phi cn n :
1) Tra ngha ca t bn gp hoc nghe thy
2) Tm ngha tng ng ca t trong ting
Vit
3) Kim tra cch vit ca t
4) Kim tra s ca danh t, cch ca ng
t
5) Tm cc cu trc ng php lin quan ti
t
6) Tm t ng ngha, tri ngha
7) Tra cu trt t t
8) Kim tra t loi
9) Nm c cch dng t trong vn ni
10) Nm c cch sp xp ca t
11) Xem cc v d m t gp mt trong ngn ng giao
tip.
Nh vy thc s l mt ngi bit cch dng t in bn cn :
- Xc nh mc ch s dng ( nu ra trn).
- Chn la mt cun t in thch hp nht cho mc ch s dng ca mnh.
- Mi ln tra cn bit r mnh ang mun tra cu ci g v quan trng hn l phi xc
nh khi no ta mi cn tra cu.
Trn y l nhng nguyn tc chung cho ngi dng t in. thc s thnh cng hn
trong qu trnh s dng, cc bn nn ghi nh nhng iu sau:
Knowing which dictionary to use (La chn mt cun t in thc s ph hp):
Nu mun bit ngha ca mt t thi, bn ch cn ti mt t in n ng, sau luyn tp
thm bng bi c. Nhng nu mun bit nh ngha ca mt t v c ngha tng ng trong
ting Vit, bn li phi dng n mt t in song ng. Hin nay cc cun t in in t vi
nh ngha bn ting Anh, ngha ting Vit, v d minh ha ang rt gn gi v thc s hu
ch cho ngi hc.
Finding words quickly (Tm t tht nhanh):
EbookTeam
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y l mt k nng cn thit. Luyn tp bng cch nh bo ai vit 5 t bt k ri tnh thi
gian trong lc bn tra ngha ca chng. D nhin bn phi thuc lng bng ch ci ting Anh
ri. Thng u mi trang vit c mt t kha gi , hy luyn cho ti khi bn ch mt
10 giy l tra cu c mt t. Nu dng t in in nn dnh t thi gian nghin cu cch
thc s dng t in, sau tin hnh luyn tp vi t.
Finding the right meaning of an English word (Tm ngha chun cho t mnh cn
dng):
Mt t thng c nhiu ngha. Nu bn khng bit ngha no l ph hp hy lm theo cch
sau:
Xem qua ton b ngha ca t v chn la mt ngha ph hp nht vi ng cnh
cha ng t .
chc chn hn, tm ngha tng ng trong ting Vit, tra li ngha trong t in
song ng.
Finding the right spelling (Tra cch vit ca t):
Nu bit mt vi ch ci u tin trong t, nhn trong trang cho ti khi tm c t ng.
Nu khng bit mt vi ch ci u ca t, hy th nhng kh nng c th xy ra. Th d
mt vi t m m u bng n thng c ch ci m u l k nh knife, knight. Nn khng
th tra trong nhng trang N, m phi tra trong nhng trang K. Nu vn khng tra c hy
tm ngha ting Vit ri tra t trong t in song ng.
Finding the right English translation of a word (Tm ngha thch hp ca mt t):
Khi tra c ngha ca mt t trong t in song ng m vn khng chc th nn dng
th thut dch ngc (back translation) trong cun t in dng n ng chc chn hn.
Knowing when to use the dictionary (Nn bit khi no mi cn dng t in):
Nu bn c tra ton b cc t m bn cho l t mi th s rt tn thi gian. Ch khi:
Bn khng th on c ngha ca t trong cu, on vn. (Khi bn c).
Khi nghe, c on ngha ca t bng cch nghe thm cc cu sau . Nu thy t
no quan trng th ghi li cch pht m ri hi thy c, bn b ri kim tra li bng t
in.
Chc cc bn thnh cng!
Lm giu vn t vng khi hc ting Anh
Hy tng tng vic hc mt ngn ng mi
ging nh bn xy mt ngi nh trn mt
mnh t trng. Chc chn bn s phi thit k
ni tht, mua sm c hay trang tr nh ca.
Nhng trc khi lmnhng vic ny bn phi
hon thnh vic xy dng phn th ca cng
trnh.
T vng ca mt ngn ng va l nn mng va l
nhng vin gch gip bn xy dng mt ngi nh
vng chi. Mc d khng nht thit phi c mt s
lng gch khng l nhng bn cng c nhiu gch
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th ngi nh s cng ln v ng nhin bn s thy thoi mi hn.
Cc nghin cu ca nhiu nh ngn ng hc chng minh rng chng ta ch cn khong 100 t
thng gp l c th thc hin tt vic giao tip c bn bng th ting . Nhng khong 100 vin
gch nh vy ch xy mt cn h mt phng trong khi thc t ngi ta li mun c mt bit th hai
tng. l l do ti sao ngi hc ngoi ng lun tm kim b quyt lm giu vn t vng ca bn
thn.
Ngi ta ch c th lm giu khi trong tay c mt lng vn nht nh. V b quyt lm giu c
bit ny cng vy. N ch dnh cho nhng ai nm tng i vng vn t vng c bn. Nu bn
hc ngoi ng theo mt cun gio trnh no , th vn t c bn ca bn s c phn b hn ch do
nhng cun gio trnh ngoi ng thng ch tp trung vo mt s lnh vc nht nh trong cuc sng.
Khi , vic p dng b quyt ny thnh cng khng phi l chuyn n gin.
c v nghe
(1)
thng tin bng ting Anh l hai cch cc k hiu qu trong vic lm phong ph vn t
vng. Bt c khi no c c hi nghe ai ni ting Anh hay x l vn bn bng th ting ny, hy c
gng ht sc mnh hiu r nhng thng tin m bn nhn c. Tp trung ch vo nhng t m bn
khng bit. Hy th on ngha ca chng qua ng cnh xut hin. Nu khng th on ra, hy lun
mang theo mt cun t in nh tra ngha ca chng. c bit l khi bn c ch khng phi nghe
thng tin, hy ch ti cch pht m ca nhng t mi (Mt cun t in tt lun cung cp cho bn c
ngha v phin m ca mt t).
Mt cch hiu qu khng km nng cao vn t vng l tham gia vo nhng hot ng giao tip
(2)
hai chiu bng ting Anh. Nhng tr chi ting Anh hay nhng tr chi in t bng th ting ny l
mt cch rt th v m rng vn t. Khi chi in t, hy c gng lin h nhng g ang xy ra trn
mn hnh vi nhng iu m bn nghe hay c c trong trng hp bn bt ng gp t mi.
Cch th t s hu mt vn t vng phong ph l thc hin chng trnh m cc kho hc ngoi
ng vn gi l mi ngy mt t mi
(3)
. T to cho mnh thi quen tra mt t mi mi ngy v c gng
ghi nh n. ng nhin bn khng nn tra mt t ting Anh no him khi gp hay khng c tc
dng thc t g vi cng vic ca bn. Thay vo , hy tp trung vo nhng t thng dng m bn
cha bit, c bit l nhng t m bn c c hi gp hng ngy khi tip xc vi mi ngi.
Nu bit kt hp nhng phng php hc t vng ny vi nhau, vn t vng giao tip ca bn s tng
ln mt cch ng k, u n m li khng h gy ra tnh trng qu ti cho b nh ca bn. Tnh trng
ny cng ging nh git nc lm trn ly. Vn t ca bn chng nhng khng giu ln m cn ngho
i v ngay c nhng t hc cng khng cn trong b nh.
Diu Linh Ging vin Global Education
EbookTeam
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Ni chuyn mt mnh c phi l mt cch tt
luyn ni ting Anh?
Khi hc bt k mt ngoi ng no, bn s phi
hc 4 k nng c bn: nghe, ni, c v vit.
Nhng k nng ni khc hn ba k nng cn
li. Bn c th nghe nhng bn tin nc ngoi,
c sch ngoi ng hay vit mt bc th bng
ting Anh mt mnh nhng bn khng th ni
chuyn mt mnh. Nu khng, ngi khc c
th ngh bn hi bt bnh thng.
l l do ti sao nhng ngi hc ting Anh lun
tranh th mi c hi tm mt ai c th ni chuyn
vi h bng ting Anh. Nhng ti mt quc gia m
ting Anh ch l mt ngoi ng th ai s mun ni ting
Anh vi bn? V liu ni chuyn mt mnh bng ting
Anh c gip g trong vic giao tip bng ting Anh
trong thc t khng?
Kho hc ting Anh
Khi tham gia mt kho hc ting Anh, bn s c nhng c hi tuyt vi ni ting Anh vi gio vin
cng nh vi cc hc vin khc. Nu gio vin ting Anh ca bn c t cu hi, hy tranh th mi c
hi tr li bng ting Anh. Nu bn c yu cu tho lun theo cp hay theo nhm, hy c gng
dng ting Anh cng nhiu cng tt. ng qu lo lng rng mnh s ni sai v y mi ch l bc
luyn tp chun b ch cha phi l thc t. Hn na, nu bn khng ni ra th lm sao bn bit
mnh cn yu phn no khc phc.
Cu lc b ting Anh
u c cc kho hc ting Anh s c cc cu lc b ting. cc bn s c tip xc, ni chuyn
bng ting Anh vi nhng ngi c cng nim am m hc ting ging nh bn. H c th rt nhiu
la tui cng nh trnh khc nhau. V vy, khi tham gia vo nhng cu lc b ting bn s c mt c
hi tuyt vi luyn ni ting Anh, m rng quan h cng nh trau di thm v k nng giao tip v
kin thc x hi. Nu ch bn sng vn cha c mt cu lc b ting Anh, hy tp hp nhng ngi
bn cng kho ngoi ng vi bn v t chc mt cu lc b cho ring mnh. Bn s c li rt nhiu
t hot ng ny.
i mua sm
Bn c th s khng ng c l kh nng ni ting Anh li c th ci thin nh vic i mua sm bnh
thng ch khng ch l i mua sch hc ngoi ng. Bn c th tm thy tn rt nhiu ca hng cng
nh tn cc sn phm ngoi nhp bng ting Anh. Ch cn mt cht l bn c th lm giu vn t
vng ca mnh theo kiu va hc va chi rt th v. Hn th na, vn t phong ph v mi mt ca
i sng s gip bn t tin hn khi giao tip bng ting Anh vi ngi bn x. Trn ng, bn cng
s gp rt nhiu ch s nh bin s xe, s in thoi, s nh .v.v Hy ni thm chng bng ting
Anh. y khng phi l mt on hi thoi hon chnh nhng vic ny s gip bn hnh thnh thi
quen suy ngh bng ting Anh v bn c th bt ra cc t ting Anh mt cch nhanh chng khi cn
n.
im du lch
Cc im du lch ni ting trong thnh ph lun c rt nhiu khch du lich ngoi quc. H rt sn lng
ni chuyn bng ting Anh vi bn (nu l ting m hoc ngoi ng hai ca h) v u phi lc
no cng c ngi c th hiu h ni g mt t nc nh Vit Nam. Hy tn dng mi c hi
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giao tip vi du khch ni ting Anh, bit u bn c th gip h ng thi ci thin c kh nng
giao tip bng ngoi ng ca bn thn.
Bi ht ting Anh
Hy nghe nhng bi ht ting Anh m bn thch, nhc li li v ht theo nhc. Ht i ht li nhiu ln
thuc li v ht c t nhin hn. Vic ny s gip ci thin tr nh ca bn khi nghe ting Anh v
pht trin nhng c m bn cn pht m chun.
B quyt gip bn ni ting Anh gii l ng ngi ni. Hy c gng ni ra bng ting Anh nhng iu
bn ngh ngay c khi bn mc li v khng ai c th tin b khi cha nhn thy thiu st ca mnh. Hy
lun ghi nh Ngi khng bao gi mc sai lm l ngi khng lm g c. Hy nhng li m bn
mc phi tr thnh cng c hu ch trong vic hon thin k nng giao tip.
Diu Linh - Ging vin Global Education
Lm th no ghi chp bi hiu qu?

Ghi chp bi ging trn lp l vic khng th
thiu trong qu trnh hc tp ca bt k hc
sinh no. Nhng lmth no ghi chp bi
cho hiu qu? Hy thamkho mt vi mo nh
di y c c cch ghi bi hu ch
nht.
Trc ht, cn nhn thc mt cch r rngrng
vic ghi chp bi ctcdng rt ln. Bi v:
1- Nhng ghi chp khoa hc s gip bn xc
nh c nhng quan trng nht ca bi hc.
2- Bi ghi chp s gip bn nh v hc bi tt hn.
3- Bi ging c th c nhng thng tin m bn khng th thy u khc. y l c
hi duy nht bn c c n.
4- Khi nghe ging bn s bit c im no gio vin cho l quan trng v iu ny
rt c ch trong vic n thi.
5- Bi tp v nh thng c a ra trong bi ging.
Sauychngti xingi mt quy trnhy ca cc bc gip hc sinh ghi chp vntp
bi ging mt cch nhanh chng vhiu qu.
1) Trc khi nghe ging
o Hy chun b cho bi hc mt cch chu o c th d on b cc bi
ging.
Hy xem cng ca c k hc bit ch v nhng chnh
trong bi hc ti. Hy t cu hi tm cu tr li trong bi hc.
Hon thnh tt c bi tp m gio vin giao trong bi hc trc.
n li bi ghi tit hc trc.
o Ngi v tr cng st gio vin cng tt trnh b mt tp trung trong tit hc.
o Chp tt c nhng g gio vin ghi trn bng v trn my chiu, nht l sn
bi.
o Hy c t tng tht thoi mi. Mun nghe tt bn phi tht tp trung. Hy
sn sng tip thu nhng iu gio vin ging d c nhng im bn khng
ng .
2) Trong khi nghe ging
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o Chun b v ghi v bt thc y .
o Ghi r tiu bi ging, tn kha hc, ngy thng, v.v.
o Quan st gio vin mt cch cn thn.
o Lng nghe hng dn ca gio vin mt cch chu o. Khi nghe ging nu
quan st sn bi ca gio vin, bn s d dng d on nhng chnh m
mnh cn ghi chp.
o Ghi chp tht ngn gn. Hy din t nhng chnh bng ngn ng ca
chnh mnh ch khng nn chp y nguyn li ca gio vin. Hy nh l mc
tiu ca bn l hiu bi ging ch khng phi l c ghi li chnh xc tng t
gio vin ni.
o Hy c gng nhn din chnh bng nhng t ni, chng hn nh: First,
Second, Next, Then, Thus, Another important..., vn vn.
o Ghi li nhng chi tit hoc v d lm r thm chnh ca bi ging. c
bit ch n nhng chi tit khng c trong sch gio khoa.
o Nu c mt on tm tt cui bi, hy c bit quan tm n phn . Bn
c th s dng n kim tra b cc bi ghi chp ca mnh. Nu bi ghi
chp c v khng logic, hy chp li chnh trong on tm tt, n s rt c
tc dng cho vic n tp ca bn sau ny.
o Vo cui bi ging, ng ngi hi gio vin nhng iu m bn cha hiu.
o ng qu vi vng. Hy tp trung, lng nghe v ghi chp ngay khi gio vin
a ra chnh. Nu bn mi theo ui ngh ring trong khi l ra phi nghe
ging th c th bn s b l mt nhng im quan trng, m c khi li l
nhng thng bo cho k thi sp ti!
3) Sau khi nghe ging
o Hy xem li nhng ghi chp ca mnh cng sm cng tt, tt nht l ngay
sau bi ging khi m bn vn cn nh r.
o Trong ln xem li u tin, hy kt hp bi c v v ghi.
o Hy n tp v ghi t nht mi ln mt tun. V nh l phi xem li bi
ging trc bi hc mi.
Nguyn Thu Ging vin Global Education
NHNG KINH NGHIM CA K TI NGOI NG

Lara Lomubus l mt nh phin dch n ni
ting ca Hungari. Tri qua nhiu nm my m
hc tp, b thng hiu hn mi th ting
nh: Anh, Php, Nga, Hn, Nht, Ty Ban Nha,
, Ba Lan, ... c tn xng l k ti ngoi
ng. V hi p li nhng bc th thnh
nguyn thp phng, b khi qut kinh
nghim phong ph ca bn thn - n s rt c
ch cho nhng ngi mun hc tt ngoi ng.
1- Kin tr hc tp tng ngy, ch ginh ra 10 pht
cng c. Bui sng l thi gian tt nht. Cn c vo c im tr nh ca con ngi trong
iu kin tng thi lng tng ng, hiu qu hc nhiu ln trong thi gian ngn lun tt
hn hc mt ln trong thi gian di. Nu cch 3 ngy hc 30 pht t mi, khng bng mi
ngy hc v cng c trong 10 pht. Sng sm khi va ng dy no chng ta cha b nhng
tin tc hn tp xm nhp, khi hc khng b tc ng ca tin tc hn hp, tng t nh vy,
trc khi ng m hoc tp, do sau khng b tc ng ca tin tc nn hiu qu tng i
tt. 2- Khi hc chn nn thay i phng php v hnh thc hc. Thng xuyn s dng
EbookTeam
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mt phn php rt d khin cho chng ta cm thy n iu nhm chn v mt mi, nhng
ngi c ngh lc cng khng ngoi l. Nu thng xuyn thay i phng thc hc chng
hn nh chuyn i t c qua nghe t vit qua hi thoai, xem bng hnh... nh th s khin
cho ngi hc c cm nhn mi m, d dng tip thu tri thc. 3- Khng thot ly ng cnh.
i vi thanh thiu nin, tr nh mang tnh my mc tng i cao, i vi ngi trng
thnh, tr nh mang tnh l gii cao. Ch c nhng vn c hiu mi c th cm th
mt cch su sc, mi ghi nh c. Lin h vi ng cnh chnh l nhn mnh phng
php hiu qu ca s ghi nh mang tnh l gii. 4- C gng dch thm nhng th bn tip
xc, chng hn nh qung co, cu ch gp ngu nhin. Dch thm nhng th bn tip xc,
c li cho vic m rng tri thc nng cao kh nng phn ng nhanh, khin cho bn thn c
th nhanh chng ly t cu, c php t trung khu i no, pht hin thy khng th lp tc
b sung. 5- Ch c nhng ci c thy gio sa cha mi ng ghi nh k, ngha l cn
phi ghi nh nhng ci c khng nh l ng. Hc ngoi ng, khng ch nm bt
nhng kin thc ng trong gio trnh, m cn phi thng qua gio trnh phn din hc
c cch trnh phm li. Cho nn ngoi vic hc tp nhng kin thc c thy gio
hiu chnh ra, cn phi xem thm mt s sch ging gii v li thng gp. 6- Hc ngoi
ng, cn phi phi hp t nhiu phng din: c bo, tp ch, sc tham kho, nghe i,
xem bng, tham d cc bui m thot. 7- Phi mnh dn tp ni, khng s sai. Cn phi
nh ngi khc sa li, khng s xu h, khng nht ch. 9- Thng xuyn vit v hc thuc
nhng m hnh cu thng dng. Hc ngoi ng khng nn \\"v a c nm\\", nn nm
nhng im ct li. Nhn t kt cu ca ngoi ng, nm c nhng cu trc cu thng
dng l rt quan trng. Trong cu thng c t, ng php c php v tp qun. 9- Cn phi
t tin kin nh mc ch nh, s kin nhn s to ra ngh lc phi thng v ti nng hc
ngoi ng. Mt nh t tng M tng ni: \\"T tin l b quyt quan trng u tin ca s
thng li\\" Nu bn khng tin l bn thn s hc tt ngoi ng, th chc chn bn khng bao
gi hc gii c, v tt nht l t b, khi bt u hc ngoi ng th phi tin tng bn thn
c ngh lc, tin rng s ghi nh c v nht nh s thnh cng...
Ting Anh Online - CP 1 dnh cho ai?
i vi hc vin ln u tin theo hc ting
Anh, vic la chn hnh thc hc ph hp l
rt quan trng, Global Education bin son v
a vo s dng hiu qu CP 1 qua
website; www.globaledu.com.vn nhm tit
kim ti a thi gian v chi ph cho ngi hc
Kho hc c bt u th no?
i vi hc vin ln u tin theo hc ting Anh,
vic la chn hnh thc hc ph hp l rt quan
trng, Global Education bin son v a vo s
dng hiu qu CP 1 qua website;
www.globaledu.com.vn nhm tit kim ti a thi
gian v chi ph cho ngi hc Kho hc c
bt u th no?
o Hc cch pht m chun, luyn t mi, ng iu v cc cu trc thng dng trong giao tip
hng ngy.
o Hc t vng theo nhm v luyn nghe ni v cc ch im: Gia nh, bn b, quc gia v
quc tch, s m, thng tin c nhn, ngh nghip, nu n, qun o, mu sc, cc hot ng
hng ngy.
Ni dung chng trnh hc:
+ S lng bi: 16 bi.
+ Thi gian hc ti a: 60 pht/bi.
+ Thi gian hc ti thiu: 10 pht/bi.
+ Bi hc bao gm: 04 phn.
EbookTeam
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+ Phn 1: T vng, ng ngha ca t, cch dng.
+ Phn 2: Cu trc ng php lin quan trong bi hi thoi.
+ Phn 3: Luyn nghe v bi tp nghe.
+ Phn 4: Cc bi tp kim tra nh gi nng lc hc tp.
+ Bi kim tra cui kho hc bao gm: 30 pht.
+ Bi tp t vng, chn p n ng.
+ Nghe v chn p n ng.
+ Bi tp trc nhim theo hi thoi.
Sau khi hon thnh Cp 1, hc vin tip tc chn Cp 2 hoc Cp bt k trong s 8
cp tip tc.
Kinh nghim hc t mi mau thuc.
Ti c mt ngi anh hc rt gii ting anh
cho ti mt b quyt hc t mi mau thuc rt
hay,ti th p dng v thnh cng ri
y cc bn th xem sao
Ti c mt ngi anh hc rt gii ting anh cho
ti mt b quyt hc t mi mau thuc rt hay,ti
th p dng v thnh cng ri y cc bn
th xem sao. Mi ngy ti vit khong 10 t mi
ra cc mnh giy nh ri em dn khp nh, tt c
nhng ch d nhn thy nht nh: bn hc, ca ra
vo,ging ng, c...nh v sinh na. C nh th
mi ngy ti u bt gp cc t y rt nhiu ln v
chng my chc ti thuc lng tt c chng
ri.Cc bn th tnh xem,c nh vy th mt
thng, mt nm bn s hc c bao nhiu t, ti
tin rng nu bn chm ch th kt qu khng ch c
vy. Hi vng cc bn hc ting Anh s kh hn vi kinh nghim nh ny.
EbookTeam
www.updatesofts.com
Hc mt bit mi-Mt php mu k diu
Bn hc ting Anh c 3 nm, 5 nmhay
thm ch 10 nm? Bn thy tht vng v kh
nng ting Anh v vn t t i ca mnh? Bn
lun m c gp c ngi thy gii v by
cho mnh cch hc ting Anh siu tc?
Hc mt bit mi, mt php mu k diu!
(Trang ny dnh cho gio vin v cc hc vin c trnh t trung cp tr ln)
Bn hc ting Anh c 3 nm, 5 nm hay thm ch 10 nm? Bn thy tht vng v kh
nng ting Anh v vn t t i ca mnh? Bn lun m c gp c ngi thy gii v by
cho mnh cch hc ting Anh siu tc?
Trn thc t, khng c phng php no l siu tc c. Tuy nhin, c th c nhng con
ng ngn hn, gip bn t c hiu qu nhanh hn trong qu trnh hc tp.
y cng chnh l cch m cc gio vin ca Global Education lun p dng trong khi dy
ngoi ng. Mc tiu o to Anh ng ca Global Education l dy v trang b cho hc vin
nhng g x hi yu cu v hc vin cn ch khng phi dy nhng g m ngi thy bit.
Ngoi vic dy cho hc vin hiu v vn dng c tt ngn ng ting Anh, gio vin cn
phi trang b cho hc vin cc k nng t hc, t duy tu kin thc ca mnh. Ni nh li ca
GS. Nguyn c Chnh, Ph Gim c i Hc Quc Gia H Ni (nguyn Hiu trng
Trng HSPNN): Nhim v ca gio vin l phi trang b cho ngi hc k nng hc sut
i.
Phng php hc mt bit mi l cch vn dng cc gc t ca ting La tinh v ting Hy
Lp trong cc cu to t vng ting Anh. Phng php ny s gip cc bn t trang b t
vng cho mnh thuc cc chuyn ngnh kinh t, y t, k thut, my tnh v c bit l ngn
ng
I. Khi nim v t nguyn.
T nguyn hc (etymology) l mn nghin cu v cu to, ngun gc v s pht sinh ca t.
Khi bn bit ngha ca mt tip u t, hu t hoc gc t La tinh v Hy Lp, bn c th hiu
v d dng ghi nh hu ht cc t Ting Anh c cu to da trn cc gc t hoc hu t,
tin t .
Mt trang web rt ni ting ca M chuyn o to trc tuyn cch vn dng ca gc t La
tinh v Hy lp qung co nh sau:
Hc mt gc t v bn c th khm ph, suy lun ra ngha ca 10 t, 20 t, hoc thm ch
hng trm t ting Anh. V d khi hc t ego (gc La tinh, ngha l ti, ci ti), bn s d
dng nm c ngha ca cc t egocentric (cho mnh l trng tm, ch k), egoist (ngi
ch k), egotist (ngi t cao t i, ngi ch k).
Hoc khi hc t anthropos (gc Hy Lp, ngha l loi ngi, nhn loi), bn s nhanh chng
nh c ngha ca cc t anthropology (nhn chng hc, nhn loi hc), misanthropy (tnh
ght ngi, lng ght ngi), anthropoid (dng ngi, vn ngi), anthropocentrism
(thuyt loi ngi l trung tm), anthropomorphic (thuyt hnh ngi), anthropophagy (tc n
tht ngi).
Mt v d khc kh n gin nh sau: Trong t incredible c th c phn tch: in (khng),
cred (tin), ible (c th), nh vy bn c th suy ra t incredible c ngha l: khng th tin
c, l thng. R rng phng php ny khi p dng hc t mi cn mi l i vi a
s hc sinh, sinh vin ca Vit Nam, nhng kt qu th hon ton credible (Bn c th on
c ngha ca t ny khng?!)
EbookTeam
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II. Con ng hiu qu gip bn m rng vn t vng ca mnh
Khi bn thc s nm vng c cc quy lut ngn ng v tm hiu su v cc gc t ca La
tinh v Hy lp trong cc cu to ting Anh, bn c th tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian trong
hc tp, c bit l i vi cc sinh vin chuyn ngnh kinh t, y hc, k thut v my tnh.
Hy tng tng mt ngy no , bn c th ngi lt trn mng hoc c sch bo
chuyn ngnh m khng cn s dng n t in. iu tht th v v cch hc cng tht
n gin. Mi bn kin tr theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1. Khi ng vi nhng t n gin
14 t c bn gip bn c bc t ph v kh nng s dng t vng
14 t c bn ny s thc s gip ch cho bn v chng bao gm 20 tip u t thng dng
nht v 14 gc t quan trng nht. Khi bn ng dng c tt cc thnh phn cu to
nn 14 t ny, bn s c th suy lun ngha ca khong 14.000 t trong t in dnh cho
sinh vin i hc v khong 100.000 t trong t in ln. (Trch li ca gio s James I.
Brown, trng i hc Minnesota; trong cun Programmed Vocabulary, NXB Meredith, New
York 1971)
Di y l danh sch 14 t v cu to ca chng:
precept: pre- v capere [Mc d cep, cip, ceiv, ceipt, v ceit l cc bin dng ca capere,
nhng dng thng dng nht thng c dng l cap (Latin: head, chief, get, receive)].
detain: de-v tenere [Bin dng ca tenere l ten, tain, v tin (Latin: hold, grasp, have)].
intermittent: inter-v mittere [Cc bin dng khc bao gm mitt, mit, miss, mis, v mise(Latin:
send, let go, cause to go; throw, hurl, cast)].
offer: ob-v ferre [Gm cc bin dng fer v lat (Latin: line, bring, carry)].
insist: in-v stare [Cc bin dng ca stare l sta, stat, sti, v sist (Greek: standing, stay,
make firm, fixed)].
monograph: mono-v graphein [Cc bin dng thng dng bao gm graph v gram (Greek:
to scratch; write, record, draw, describe)].
epilogue: epi-v legein [Gm cc bin dng sau: log, logy, logo, logue, v ology (Greek: talk,
speech, speak; word)].
aspect: ad-v specere [Gm c 2 dng spec v spic (Latin: see, sight, look, appear, behold,
and examine)].
uncomplicated: un-, com-,v plicare [C 11 bin dng sau: plic, plicat, plicit, pli, ply, plex, ple,
pleat, play, ploy, v plicity (Latin: layer, involved]
nonextended: non-, ex-,v tendere [Gm 3 dng tend, tent, v tens (Latin: stretch)].
reproduction: re-, pro-,v ducere [Mc d duit, duke, duct, duch, v duce l cc bin dng ca
ducere, nhng tn sut cao nht li ri vo duc (Latin: lead, leading, bring, take, draw)].
indisposed: in-, dis-,v ponere [Hai dng thng dng nht ch dng 3 k t ca ponere l pon
v pos (Latin: set, place); pound v post t s dng hn v chng c th d b nhm ln vi
post trong ngha after, behind(sau)].
oversufficient: over-, sub-,v facere [C cc bin dng fac, fact, fic, feat, feas, featur, v fair
(Latin: make, do, build, cause, produce; forming, shaping)].
mistranscribe: mis-, trans-,v scribere [Bin dng thng dng scrib, scrip, scrip, v bin dng
t dng scriv (Latin: write, record)].
Ngoi ra, trong cun Improving Spelling and Vocabulary in the Secondary School, Richard E.
Hodges, NXB ERIC, 1982, trang 30. Hc gi Richard E. Hodges c ni rng Nu bn kim
tra trong s 20.000 t thng dng nht trong ting Anh, bn s thy 5.000 t bao gm cc
tip u t m trong c 80% (khong 4.100 t) ch s dng 14 tip u t sau trong cu
to t vng. Sau ng a ra danh sch cc tip u t sau:
ab- (away from)
be- (on all sides, overly)
de- (reversal, undoing, downward)
dis-, dif- (not, reversal)
ex- (out of, former)
pre- (before)
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re- (again, restore)
un- (do the opposite of)
ad- (to, toward)
com-, con-, co- (with, together)
en-, em- (in, into, to cover or contain)
in- (into, not)
pro- (in favor of, before)
sub- (under, beneath)
Bc 2: Ghi nh cc gc t thng dng.
(Phn trong ngoc n ghi ch v ngun gc ca t v gii ngha)
aero-, aer-, aeri- (Greek: air, mist, wind).
aesth-, esth-, aesthe-, esthe-, aesthesio-, esthesio-, -aesthesia, -esthesia, -aesthetic, -
esthetic, -aesthetical, -esthetical, -aesthetically, -esthetically (Greek: feeling, sensation,
perception).
ampho-, amph-, amphi- (Greek: around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds).
anti-, ant- (Greek: against, opposed to, preventive; used as a prefix).
astro-, astra-, astr- (Greek: star, star shaped; also pertaining to outer space).
auto-, aut- (Greek: self; directed from within).
bi-, bin-, bino-, bis- (Latin: two, twice, double, twofold; a number used as a prefix).
biblio-, bibli-, bibl- (Greek: book).
bio-, bi-, -bia, -bial, -bian, -bion, -biont, -bius, -biosis, -bium, -biotic, -biotical, -biotic (Greek:
life).
cardio-, cardi-, card- (Greek: heart, pertaining to the heart).
chromato-, chromat-, chromo-, chrom-, chro-, -chrome, -chromasia, -chromia, -chromatism, -
chromatic, -chromatically, -chromy (Greek: color).
chrono-, chron- (Greek: time).
cine-, cinem-, cinema-, cinemat-, cinemato-, -cinesia, -cinesis, -cinetic, -cinesias, -cineses, -
cinetical, -cinetically (Greek: move, movement, set in motion).
-crat, -cracy, -cratic, -cratism, -cratically, -cracies (Greek: a suffix; govern, rule; strength,
power).
dactylo-, dactyl-, dactylio-, -dactyl, -dactyla, -dactylia, -dactylic, -dactylism, -dactyloid, -
dactylous, -dactyly (Greek: finger, toe).
deca- [DEK uh], dec-, deka-, dek- (Greek: ten; a decimal prefix used in the international
metric system for measurements).
demo-, dem-, demio-, -demic, -deme, -demically (Greek: people).
dermo-, derm-, derma-, dermato-, dermat-, -derm, -derma, -dermatic, -dermatous, -dermis, -
dermal, -dermic, -dermoid, -dermatoid (Greek: skin).
dyna-, dyn-, dynamo-, -dyne, -dynamia, -dynamic (Greek: power, strength, force, mightiness).
dys- (Greek: bad, harsh, wrong; ill; hard to, difficult at; slow of; disordered; used as a prefix).
eco-, oeco-, oec-, oiko-, oik- (Greek: house, household affairs [environment, habitat], home,
dwelling; used in one extensive sense as, environment).
endo-, end- [before vowels or h] (Greek: within, inside, into, in, on, inner; used as a prefix).
epi-, ep- [before vowels or h] (Greek: above, over, on, upon; besides; in addition to; toward;
among; used as a prefix).
ergo-, erg- (Greek: work). Also: urg-, [erg-], -urgy, -urgia, -urgical, -urgically, -urgist, -urge
(Greek: work).
etym- (Greek: truth, true meaning, real [the root meaning, true meaning or literal meaning of a
word]).
eu- (Greek: good, well, normal; happy, pleasing; used as a prefix).
ex- (e-, ef-). (Latin: [out of, from]; [upward]; [completely, entirely]; [to remove from, deprive of];
[without]; [former]; used as a prefix). Also: ex-, ec-, e- (Greek: out of, out, outside; away from;
used as a prefix).
geo-, ge- (Greek: earth, world).
glotto-, glot-, -glott (Greek: tongue; by extension, speech, language). Also: glosso-, gloss-
(Greek: tongue; language, speech).
grapho-, graph-, -graph, -graphy, -grapher, -graphia (Greek: to scratch; write, record, draw,
describe).
gymno-, gymn- (Greek: naked, uncovered; unclad).
gyno-, gyn-, gynaeco-, gyneco-, gyne-, -gynia, -gynic, gynec-, -gynist, -gynous, -gyny (Greek:
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woman, female).
helio-, heli- (Greek: sun).
hemi- (Greek: half).
hetero-, heter- (Greek: different, other, another, unlike; used as a prefix).
hippo-, hipp- (Greek: horse).
homo-, hom- (Greek: same, equal, like, similar, common; one and the same).
hydro-, hydra-, hydr-, hyd- (Greek: water).
hyper-, hyp- (Greek: above, over; excessive; more than normal; abnormal excess [in
medicine]; abnormally great or powerful sensation [in physical or pathological terms]; highest
[in chemical compounds]; used as a prefix).
hypo-, hyp- (Greek: under, below, beneath; less than; too little; deficient, diminished; used as
a prefix).
icono-, icon- (Greek: image, likeness; sacred or holy image).
-itis (Greek: a suffix; inflammation, burning sensation; by extension, disease associated with
inflammation).
kilo- [KIL oh or KEEL oh], kil- (Greek: one thousand; a decimal prefix used in the international
kine-, kin-, kino-, kinesio-, kinesi-, kineto-, kinet-, -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic, -kinesias, -
kineses, -kinetical, -kinetically (Greek: move, set in motion; muscular activity). Also: cine-,
cinem-, cinema-, cinemat-, cinemato-, -cinesia, -cinesis, -cinetic, -cinesias, -cineses, -
cinetical, -cinetically (Greek: move, movement, set in motion).
-latry, -olatry, -later, -olater, -latress, -olatress, -latria, -latrous, -olatrous (Greek: a suffix;
worship; excessively, fanatically devoted to someone or something; service paid to the
gods).
litho-, lith-, -lith, -lithic, -lite, -liths, -lites (Greek: stone, rock).
logo-, log-, -logia, -logical, -logism, -logician, -logian, -logist, -logy, -logue (Greek: talk,
speech, speak; word).
macro-, macr- (Greek: large, great; long [in extent or duration]; enlarged, or elongated, long).
-mania, -maniac, -maniacal, -manic, -manically, -maniacally (Greek: mental disorder).
mega- [MEG uh], meg- (Greek: large, great, big, powerful; a decimal prefix used in the
international metric system for measurements).
meter-, metro-, metr-, -metrical, -metrically, -metron, -metric, -metrist, -meters, -metry, -metre
(Greek: measure).
micro-, micr- (Greek: small, tiny; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for
measurements).
miso-, mis- (Greek: hate, hater, hatred; used as a prefix).
mne-, mnem-, mnemon-, mnes-, -mnesia, -mnesiac, -mnesic, -mnestic (Greek: memory, to
remember).
mono-, mon- (Greek: one, alone, single; a number used as a prefix).
morpho-, morph-, -morphous, -morphically, -morphia, -morphosis, -morphously, -morphy, -
morphic, -morphism (Greek: shape, form, figure, appearance).
naus-, nau- (Greek: ship, sailor).
neo-, ne- (Greek: new, recent, current, young).
odonto-, odont-, odon-, -odont, -odonic, -odontic, -odontia, -odontoid (Greek: tooth, teeth).
-oid, -oidal, -oidism, -ode (Greek: a suffix; like, resembling, similar to, form).
oligo-, olig- (Greek: few, small; abnormally few or small; used as a prefix).
onomato-, onoma-, onomo-, onom-, ono- (Greek: name; word).
ortho-, orth- (Greek: right, straight, correct, true; designed to correct).
pachy-, pacho-, pach- (Greek: thick, dense; large, massive).
pedo-, paedo-, ped-, paed-, paido-, paid- (Greek: child).
The British tend to use paed- while those in the United States tend to use ped-. Remember
that the Greek ped- means child while the Latin ped- means foot. Don't confuse this Greek
element with another Greek pedo- that means ground, soil, earth.
pan-, panto-, pant- (Greek: all, every).
patho-, -path-, -pathia, -pathic, -pathology, -pathetic, -pathize, -pathy (Greek: feeling,
sensation, perception, suffering, [in medicine, it usually means one who suffers from a
disease of, or one who treats a disease]).
peri- (Greek: around, about, near, enclosing; used as a prefix).
petro-, petr-, peter- (Greek: stone, rock).
phago-, phag-, -phag, -phage, -phagic, -phagia, -phagism, -phagist, -phagous (Greek: eat,
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consume).
philo-, phil-, -phile, -philia, -philic, -philous, -phily, -philiac, -philist, -philism (Greek: love,
loving, friendly to, fondness for, attraction to, strong tendency toward, affinity for).
Note: under some circumstances, -philia means unwholesome-sexual attraction to
something or someone, as in pedophilia (paedophilia).
-phobia, -phobias, -phobe, -phobiac, -phobist, -phobic, -phobism, -phobous; phobo-, phob-
(Greek: fear, extreme fear of, morbid fear of, excessive fear of, irrational fear or terror of
something or someone; however, sometimes this Greek element means a strong dislike or
hatred for something).
Noun endings are formed with -phobia and -phobe; while adjectives end with -phobic.
phono-, phon-, -phone, -phonia, -phonic, -phonetic, -phonous, -phonically, -phonetically, -
phony (Greek: phone; sound; voice).
photo-, phot-, -photic, -phote (Greek: light).
pneumo-, pneum-, pneumono-, pneumon- (Greek: lung [breath]).
podo-, pod-, -poda, -pod, -pode, -podium, -podia, -podial, -podous, -pody (Greek: foot, feet).
polis-, polit-, poli- (Greek: city; method of government).
poly- (Greek: many, much; too many, too much, excessive; often used as a prefix).
Dont confuse this poly- with the next -poly that means to sell.
-poly, -pole, -polism, -polist, -polistic, -polistically (Greek: used as a suffix; sale, selling; one
who sells; pertaining to selling).
Dont confuse this element with the previous poly- that means many.
pro-, por- (Greek > Latin: used as a prefix).
1 before
2 forward
3 for, in favor of
4 in front of
5 in place of, on behalf of
pseudo-, pseud- (Greek: false, deception, lying, untrue, counterfeit; used as a prefix).
psycho-, psych-, -psyche, -psychic, -psychical, -psychically (Greek: the mind or the mental
processes).
Etymologically, this element includes such meanings as, breath, life, soul, spirit, mind, and
consciousness.
pyro-, pyr- (Greek: fire, burn; and sometimes fever; heat, produced by heating).
sarco-, sarc-, -sarcous, -sarc, -sarcoma, -sarcomatous, -sarcomatoid (Greek: flesh, meat).
sauro-, saur-, -saurus, -saurid, -saur, -sauria, -saurian (Greek: lizard).
scopo-, scop-, scept-, skept-, -scope-, -scopy, -scopia, -scopic, -scopist (Greek: see, view,
sight, look at, examine).
seismo-, seism-, -seism, -seisms, -seisma, -seismically, -seismical, -seismal, -seismic (Greek:
shake, earthquake [move to and fro; to shake, move violently]).
soma-, som-, somat-, somato-, -soma, -some, -somus, -somia, -somic, -somal, -somite, -
somatous, -somatia, -somatic (Greek: body; mass).
sopho-, soph-, sophic, -soph, -sopher, -sophy, -sophical, -sophically, -sophist (Greek: wise,
wisdom; knowledge).
stereo-, stere- (Greek: solid, firm, hard; three-dimensional).
syn-(sy-, sym-, syl-, sys-). (Greek: together, with, along with).
By extension, syn- may also mean: together, with; united; same, similar; at the same time.
tacho-, tach-, tachy- (Greek: fast, speed, swift, rapid).
techno-, techn-, tect-, -technic[s], -technique, -technology, -technical, -technically (Greek: art,
skill, craft; techne, art, skill, craft; tekton, builder).
tele-, tel-, telo-, -telic, -telical (Greek: far away, far off, at a distance).
Dont confuse this tele- with the teleo- that means end, last.
thanato-, thanat-, thanas-, -thanasia, -thanasic (Greek: death, dead).
theo-, the-, -theism, -theist, -theistic (Greek: God, god, deity, divine).
therap-, -therapeutic[s], -therapeutically, -therapy, -therapies, -therapist (Greek: heal, cure;
treatment; service done to the sick, a waiting on).
thermo-, therm-, thermi-, -thermia, -therm, -thermal, -thermic, -thermous, -thermy (Greek:
heat).
toxico-, toxic-, toxi-, tox-, toxin-, -toxically, -toxaemia, -toxemia, -toxaemic, -toxemic, -toxical, -
toxy, -toxis, -toxicosis, -toxism, -toxia, -toxin, -toxicity (Greek: poison).
xeno-, xen- (Greek: foreign, foreigner, strange, stranger; and by extension, guest).
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The x in xeno- is pronounced z; zeno. Greeks are said to have considered any stranger a
guest and modern Greek includes xenodocheion a guest house or house for guests or its
modern version of hotel.
xero-, xer-, xir- (Greek: dry).
zoo-, zo-, -zoic, -zoid, -zoite, -zoal, -zonal, -zooid, -zoon, -zoa, -zoan (Greek: animal; living
being; life).
a-, ab-, abs- (Latin: from, away, away from; used as a prefix).
This prefix is normally used with elements of Latin and French origins (abs- usually joins
elements beginning with c, q or t).
The form ab- is regularly used before all vowels and h; and it becomes a- before the
consonants m, p, and v. The prefix apo- has similar meanings.
ad- (Latin: to, a direction toward, addition to, near; used as a prefix).
ad- appears before vowels and before the consonants d, h, j, m, and v:
agri-, agrio- (Greek > Latin: fields).
Wild, savage; living in the fields through Latin, ager, agri.
amat-, amor-, am- (Latin: love, loving; fondness for).
ami-, amic- (Latin: friend).
ambi-, amb- (Latin: both, on both sides; around, about).
ambul-, ambulat-, -ambulate, -ambulating, -ambulation -ambulator, -ambulatory, -ambulant, -
ambulic, -ambulism, -ambulist (Latin: walk, take steps, move around; from to wander, to go
astray).
anima-, anim- (Latin: animal life; breath; soul; mind).
Anima- is a living being from a Latin form meaning, of air, having a spirit, living, which in
turn comes from another form meaning, breath of air, air, soul, life.
anni-, annu-, enni- (Latin: year, yearly).
ante-, anti-, ant- (Latin: before, in front of, prior to, forward; used as a prefix).
Compare this element with anti-, meaning against. Anti-, with the meaning of before, is
found in very few words, such as: antipasto (from Italian). and anticipate with its various
forms, plus a few scientific terms.
aqua-, aquatic-, aqui-, aqu-, -aquatically, aque-, -aqueous (Latin: water).
audio-, aud-, audi-, audit- (Latin: hearing, listening, perception of sounds).
bene-, ben-, beni- (Latin: good, well) and bon- (Latin: good).
brevi-, brev- [brie-, bri-] (Latin: short).
cand-, can-, cend- (Latin: glow; white).
capit-, capt-, ceps-, chapt-, chef, cip-, -cup- (Latin: head, leader, chief, or first).
carno-, carn-, carne-, carni- (Latin: flesh, meat).
celer- (Latin: fast, speed, swift, rapid).
centi-, cent- (Latin: hundred; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for
measurements).
This prefix is used in the metric [decimal] system as, one-hundredth [U.S.] and hundredth
[U.K.], and denotes 1/100th of a unit or 10-2 [0.01]. The metric symbol for centi- is c.
-cise, -cis, -cide (Latin: a suffix; to cut, cut).
-cide, -cides, -cidal (Latin: a suffix; kill, killer; murder, to cause death, slayer; cutter; to cut
down).
Dont confuse this element with the another -cide that means to cut; although -cide, death,
is related to -cise, -cide, to cut down.
circum- (Latin: around, about, surrounding, on all sides; literally, in a circle).
com- [co-, cog-, col-, con-, cor-] (Latin: together, with; used as a prefix).
contra-, contro-, counter, contre- (Latin: against, opposed to, opposite, contrary; used as a
prefix).
cor-, cord-, cour- (Latin: heart).
corp-, corpor-, corpus- (Latin: body).
cred-, credit-, creed- (Latin: believe, belief, faith, confidence, trust).
cura-, cur- (Latin: heal, cure [care for, give attention to, to take care of]).
cur(r).-, curs-, -course (Latin: run, go).
dei-, div- (Latin: God, god [deity, divine nature]).
adieu (French): Goodbye (literally, I commend you to god.).
dento-, dent-, denta-, dentino-, denti-, dentin- (Latin: tooth, teeth).
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dic-, dict- (Latin: talk, speak, say, tell, declare).
digit (Latin: finger, toe).
dor-, do-, don- (Greek > Latin: gift).
dorm-, dormi- (Latin: sleep, sleeping).
duo-, du- (Latin: two; a number used as a prefix).
duc-, -duce, -duct, -ducent, -ductor, -duction, -ductive, -ducer, -ducement, -ducation (Latin:
lead, leading, bring, take, draw).
equ-, equi- (Latin: same, equal, similar, even).
ex- (e-, ef-). (Latin: [out of, from]; [upward]; [completely, entirely]; [to remove from, deprive of];
[without]; [former]; used as a prefix).
extra-, extro- (Latin: beyond, outside, on the outside, outward, external; used as a prefix).
fac-, fact-, feas-, -feat, -fect, -feit, -facient, -faction, fic-, -fy, facil- (Latin: make, do, build,
cause, produce; forming, shaping).
fid-, fidel- (Latin: believe, belief, trust, faith).
fin- (Latin: end, last, limit, boundary, border).
flagr- (Latin: fire; burn, blaze).
fluct-, flucti-, -flux, flu- (Latin: flow, wave).
fortu-, fortun- (Latin: chance, fate, luck).
frag-, frang-, fract-, fring- (Latin: break).
fug-, -fuge, -fugit (Latin: drive away, flee, fly, run away).
grad-, -grade, -gred, -gree, -gress (Latin: walk, step, take steps, move around; walking or
stepping).
grav-, griev- (Latin: heavy, weighty).
habili-, habil- (Latin: clothe, clothing; that which may be easily handled, suitable, fit, proper).
ign-, igni-, ignis- (Latin: fire, burn).
inter- (Latin: between [also: among, mutually, together]; used as a prefix).
intra- (Latin: within, inside, on the inside; used as a prefix).
jet-, -ject, -jecting, -jected, -jection, -jector, -jectory; jac- (Latin: throw, send, fling, hurl, cast;
gush; spurt).
junct-, jug- (Latin: join, unite, yoke).
lav-, lava-, lavat- (Latin: wash, bathe).
linguo-, lingu-, lingua-, -linguist, -linguistic, -linguistical, -linguistically (Latin: tongue,
language).
luco-, luc-, luci-, lux, -lucence, -lucent (Latin: light, shine).
locu-, loc- (Latin: talk, speak, say, word, speech).
lumen-, lumin-, lum- (Latin: light, shine; source).
luna-, luni-, lun-, lunu- (Latin: moon, light, shine).
magni-, magn- (Latin: large, big, great).
mal-, male-, mali- (Latin: bad, badly, harsh, wrong; ill; evil; abnormal, defective).
This combining form has no etymological connection to male, meaning man or
masculine; despite what some women may think.
manu-, man-, mani- (Latin: hand).
medio-, medi- (Latin: middle).
migr-, migrat- (Latin: wander, moving).
milli- [MIL i], mille-, mill-, mili- (Latin: thousand; a decimal prefix used in the international
In the metric [decimal] system, milli- denotes 1/1 000 of a unit, thousandth [U.S.] and
thousandth part [U.K.]; 10-3 [0.001] The metric symbol for milli- is m.
mini-, minor-, minut-, minu- (Latin: small, little).
miss-, -miss, -mis-, -mit, -mitt- (Latin: send, let go, cause to go; throw, hurl, cast).
mort-, mor-, mori- (Latin: death, dead).
multi-, mult- (Latin: many, much; used as a prefix).
nom-, nomen-, nomin-, -nomia, -nomic (Latin: name).
Dont confuse this element with the Greek nomo- that means law.
non- (Latin: nothing, not).
novo-, nov-, novi- (Latin: new, recent; used as a prefix).
omni-, omn- (Latin: all, every).
pac-, peac-, peas- (Latin: peace, calm).
pari-, par- (Greek: same, equal, equality, equal value). and peer, pair (Latin: same, equal,
similar).
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pass-, pati- (Latin: suffering, feeling; enduring).
ped-, pedi-, -pedal, -ped, -pede, -pedia (Latin: foot).
petro-, petr-, petri-, peter- (Greek > Latin: stone, rock).
port-, portat- (Latin: carry, bring, bear).
port- (Latin: door, gate, entrance, harbor).
poten-, pot-, poss-, -potent, -potence, -potency, -potential (Latin: power, strength, ability).
pre- (prae-) (Latin: before [both in time and place]; used as a prefix).
pro-, por- (Greek > Latin: before; forward; for, in favor of; in front of; in place of, on behalf of;
used as a prefix).
quir-, quisit-, quis-, que-, quer-, quest-, -quirement, -quirable, -quisition, -quisitive (Latin: ask,
seek).
re-, red- (Latin: back, backward, again; used as a prefix).
retro-, retr- (Latin: back, backward, behind; used as a prefix).
rupt-, -rupting, -ruption (Latin: break, tear, rend; burst).
sana-, sani-, san- (Latin: healthy, whole; by extension: cure, heal, take care of).
sci-, -science, -sciently, -scientific, -scientifically, -scient, -sciently (Latin: know, learn,
knowledge).
scrib-, script-, -scribe, -scription, -scriptive (Latin: write, record).
sec-, seg-, -sect, -section, -sectional (Latin: to cut).
semi- (Latin: half, partly, twice; used as a prefix).
senso-, sens-, sensi-, sensori-, sent- (Latin: feeling, sensation, perception through the senses,
be aware, discern by the senses).
sed-, sedat-, -sid, -sess (Latin: sit).
sol-, soli-, solo- (Latin: sun).
soli-, sol- (Latin: one, alone, only).
solv-, -solu-, solut-, -sol, -soluble, -solubility, -solvent (Latin: loosen, dissolve; untie, set free).
sono-, son-, sona-, -sonous, -sonic, -sonically (Latin: sound).
spec-, spic-, spect-, spectat-, spectro- -spectr, -spectful, -spection, -spective (Latin: see, sight,
look, appear, behold, and examine).
spiro-, spir-, spira-, spirat-, -spire, -spiring, -spiration, -spirational (Latin: breath of life, breath,
breathing, mind, spirit, courage, soul).
stato-, stat-, sta-, -static, -stasi, staso-, -stasis, -stasia, -stacy, -stitute, -stitution, -sist, -stasic, -
stit- (Greek: standing, stay, make firm, fixed).
stell- (Latin: star).
stru-, struct-, -structure, -struction, -structive (Latin: build, construct, place together, arrange).
sub- (Latin: under, below [suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-]; used as a prefix) andsubter-
(Latin: under, beneath, secretly, less than; formed from sub-; used as a prefix).
Dont confuse the sur- in this element with the sur- in super-. Note: sub- regularly means
under, but it often changes its form as it retains its meaning:
super-, supra-, sur- (Latin: above, over, more than; excessive).
Sur- is a form of super- formed through the French and shouldnt be confused with another
assimilated sur- form that comes from sub- and means: under, below, beneath. In some
words, super- is amplified to mean: on top of; higher in rank or position than; superior to;
greater in quality, amount, or degree than others of its kind; to a degree greater than others of
its kind; to a degree greater than normal; extra, additional.
tempo-, tempor- (Latin: time, occasion).
Dont confuse this tempo- element with other words that refer to the temples, such as the
flattened sides of the forehead or the buildings used for religious worship or services. They
simply have no connection.
ten-, tent-, tin-, -tain, -tainment, -tenance, -tinence (Latin: hold, grasp, have).
trans-, tran-, tra- (Latin: across, through, over, beyond, on the far side of; used as a prefix).
Dont confuse the tra- in this element with another tra- in drag or draw. Trans- becomes
tra- before the consonants -d, -j, -l, -m, -n, and -v.
ultra-, ult- (Latin: beyond, on the other side; excessive, to an extreme degree).
uni-, un- (Latin: one, single; a number used as a prefix).
vaga-, vag- (Latin: wander, move around).
veloci-, veloc-, velo- (Latin: fast, speed, swift, and rapid).
veri-, ver- (Latin: true, truth, real, truthfulness).
verg-, -vergent, -vergence (Latin: bend, curve, turn, tend toward, incline).
vers-, vert-, -verse, -version, -version, -versation, -versary, -vert, vort-, vors- (Latin: bend,
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turn).
via- [-vey, -voy-] (Latin: way, road, path).
vid-, video-, vis-, -vision, -visional, -visionally, visuo-, vu- (Latin: see, sight, view, look,
perceive).
vir-, viri-, virtu-(Latin: man, manliness; manhood; husband).
vita-, vito-, vit- (Latin: life, living, pertaining to life, essential to life).
voc-, voca-, vocat-, -vocation, -vocative, -vocable, vok-, -voke (Latin: call, talk, speak, say,
voice, word).
volen-, volunt-, voli-, vol- (Latin: will, free will, free choice; wish, personal desire).
volv-, volu-, -volve, volut-, -volute, -volution (Latin: bend, curve, turn, twist, roll).
vor-, vora-, -vore, -vorous, -vores, -vora, -vory (Latin: eat, consume, devour).
(Adapted from Lexfile International, October 5th 2001)
Bc 3: Php th
Hy t mua cho mnh mt cun t in tt v ngi lm cc php th. V d i vi gc t
aqua, hy tra tt c cc t bt u bng aqua trong t in xem chng c ngha g lin quan
n nc khng, bn s thy thc s ngc nhin khi t mnh khm ph ra quy lut cu to
v ngha ca t vng trong ting Anh. Nh l bn phi kin tr y.
Bc 4. Luyn tp
Bc ny rt quan trng, v ch c luyn tp mi c th gip bn c c s thnh cng.
Nn thng xuyn c sch bo v c gng on ngha mi khi bn gp t mi. Bng cch
ny, bn s tng bc vn dng c cc gc t mnh va hc v rn luyn c k nng
nhn bit ngha trong cc t ting Anh c cu to t gc La tinh v Hy lp. Chc bn
thnh cng.
B quyt hc nghe
K nng nghe ng vai tr quan trng trong
vic hnh thnh nn cc k nng v k xo ni,
c, vit khi hc mt ngoi ng (Hng ngy
trung bnh ngi ta nghe nhiu gp 2 ln so
vi ni, gp 4 ln so vi c v 5 ln so vi
vit).
HC CCH NGHE
K nng nghe ng vai tr quan trng trong vic hnh
thnh nn cc k nng v k xo ni, c, vit khi hc mt ngoi ng (Hng ngy trung bnh ngi ta
nghe nhiu gp 2 ln so vi ni, gp 4 ln so vi c v 5 ln so vi vit).
to iu kin nghe c tt hn, bn cng phi t nh gi c kh nng nghe ca mnh. Phi xy
dng cho mnh mt phng php nghe ring, xy dng tnh t tin bng vic phn on ni dung nghe.
Trong khi nghe, bn phi ch n cc t chuyn tip nh Firstly, Secondly iu ny s gip bn
nh hnh c ch o ca bi v d dng suy on ni dung.
Cc nh gio hc php ngoi ng khuyn bn nn vn dng phng php tm ngoi ng. nh bn
hy thng xuyn bt bng ct xt, VCD bt c lc no c th. Hy to cho mnh mt mi trng hc
tp c tnh thng xuyn v lin tc. Theo cch ny, mc d bn khng ch ng hc nhng kin thc
s vo u lc no khng bit.
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B quyt hc ni ting Anh
Khi hc ni, phi ht sc ch trng n cch
pht mca tng t v ng iu trong cu.
Ch vo chnh xc ca t vng, ng
php, sc thi ngn ng v c bit l m
bo li ni phi mang ngha.
B quyt hc ni ting Anh
Khi hc ni, phi ht sc ch trng n cch pht m
ca tng t v ng iu trong cu. Ch vo chnh xc ca t vng, ng php, sc thi ngn ng v
c bit l m bo li ni phi mang ngha.
Hy rn luyn cho mnh tnh t tin trong cc tnh hung giao tip thc s thng qua tho lun, trao i
thng tin vi bn b. Trn lp hc phi tn dng c ht cc tnh hung gi lp m gio vin t chc.
Nn chn lc cc cu c tn sut s dng cao v p dng phng chm hc cu mu thay cho mu
cu. Thay v hc cc cu trc kh cng, bn nn t t cu trong cc tnh hung c th v vn dng
chng mt cch linh hot. Th vin trong website ca Globaledu c rt nhiu cu v cc on hi thoi
mu s gip bn c thm ngun t liu pht trin k nng ny.
Trong khi hc trn lp, bn ng s mc li. Hy nh rng bn ang l hc vin, v cha bit nhiu v
ni cha chnh xc nn bn mi phi hc. S h tr ca gio vin v s rn luyn ca bn thn mt
cch thng xuyn s dn dn gip bn s dng c ting Anh chnh xc v tt hn trong cc tnh
hung giao tip x hi v trong cng vic.
Nhng li khuyn khi ghi chp bi
Nhng li khuyn sau y s gip bn ghi
chp bi hiu qu hn:
1. Lm bi tp v nh trc khi n lp, th
on trc xem gio vin s ging v
nhng vn g trong lp hc.
2. i hc y , nu bn b mt bui hc
th bn c th t cho php mnh ngh
nhng bui hc tip theo. V tt nhin l
bn s khng thghi chp bi nu khng
n lp.
3. Hy dng loi v c ng inh 3 l ghi chp bi thay v loi v ng gy kiu
xon c v loi v ny lm bn kh phn loi v sp xp ghi chp.
4. Nhng ghi chp ca bi hc ny phi tch bit vi ghi chp ca bi hc khc. Nu c
th, hy mi bi ghi chp mt ngn ring trong kp giy.
5. Ch nn vit trn mt mt giy sp xp cc loi ghi chp d dng hn. Ngoi ra,
nu vit trn c mt giy th nhng ghi chp mt kia thng d b b qun.
6. Khi n lp nh mang theo bt v bt ch d phng v bn s khng th ghi chp
nu bn khng c bt.
7. Khng cn ghi li mi li ging ca gio vin m hy t duy ghi nhng iu quan
trng nht. Lun ng no ch ng ch ghi chp nh mt ci my.
8. Nu b l thng tin no, hy cch ra vi dng b xung sau. Nu bn khng nh
nhng thng tin , hy hi li gio vin hay cc hc vin khc.
9. Nn nhiu khong trng trong ghi chp b xung thm sau
10. Nn c mt chic my ghi m li ging. Tt nhin, hy hi kin gio vin trc.
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11. Dng cc k hiu ghi bi nhanh hn
12. Ch lng nghe nhng li quan trng.
13. Ghi chp nhng v d khi cn thit. Tt nht l nn ghi li tt c nhng g gio vin
ghi trn bng.
14. Tp trung ch vo cui gi hc v gio vin thng cung cp rt nhiu thng tinvo
5 10 pht cui.
15. Dnh khong10 pht sau tit hc xem xt li nhng ghi chp. Lc ny ban c th
thay i, sp xp li, thm bt, tm tt hay lm r nhng g ch hiu.
16. Ghi nhanh t mi, nhng tng hay khi nim mi l vo s tay.
17. Vit li nhng g bn ghi chp trc tit kim tra s gip bn nh cc chi tit quan
trng.
18. Hy chia s nhng ghi chp vi bn cng lp bng cch trao i bi vi 1 hay 2
ngi khc. Lm vic tp th s hiu qu hn lm vic c nhn.
19. Nu c th hy nh my nhng ghi chp ln my tnh. V bn s nhanh chng tm
c cc ti liu ny khi k thi n.20. ng qun ghi chp khi c . Nu bn n
tng v mt thng tin no , hy ghi li, n gin ch v n tng khng thi s
khng th gip bn nh c cc thng tin
Bi nh Hng
B quyt c hiu v c lt ting Anh
Hn bn nghe v nhng ngi c kh nng
c c 2.500 t ch trong mt pht. C th
h c c kh nng . Tuy nhin s tht sai
lm khi nh ng kh nng c nhanh vi
vic hiu c ni dung
B quyt c hiu v c lt ting Anh
Hn bn nghe v nhng ngi c kh nng
c c 2.500 t ch trong mt pht. C th h
c c kh nng . Tuy nhin s tht sai lm
khi nh ng kh nng c nhanh vi vic hiu
c ni dung. Ni chung, c l mt qu trnh
tng hp khng ch i hi nm c t ng m cn c du cu, c php, ng php, tc
ng v cm th c cm xc ca ngi vit...
Khi c, iu quan trng khng phi l tc m la khr nng nm c ni dung. Kh c th
nh lng kh nng ny, v c l cng kh mang n ra thi th. Nhng k nng hiu thc s
cn thit cho cuc sng ca chng ta. Thi i thng tin hin nay i hi khng nhng kh
nng tch ly thng m cn cn c kh nng xa l thng tin. Hy tham kho mt s phng
php c hiu sau:
Trc tin, bn cn phi bit rng khng phi cu t u c chc nng ging nhau. Mt s
t dng ch vt nh danh t, nhng t khc li dng ch c tnh ca vt nh tnh t,
trong khi ng t li dng din t hnh ng, cn trng t dng b ngha cho hnh
ng. Nm c phng thc t chc ca cc nhm t c bn trn trong vn cnh ca mt
cu cho sn s rt tin li.
V nh, thng thng cc danh t ng u cu. Chng gi vai tr rt quan trng trong
vic ch ra cu ni v ai, v ci g. Tnh t ng ngay trc danh v truyn ti thng tin t
hn danh t v chc nng c bn ca tnh t l lm r ngha cho danh t. C nhiu danh t
nh House, boy hay eternity..., t bn thn nhng t hm ngha. Tht ra, ngoi t
long th cn c t no vn c th b ngha cho t eternity?
ng t th ng sau danh t. Chng gip ngi c bit c hot ng ca ch ng. iu
ny rt quan trng v cc hnh ng thng truyn ti rt nhiu thng tin v trng thi v tnh
hung. V d trong cu the man shudded... th ta khng nhng thy c trng thi rng
mnh m cn cm nhn c cm xc ca ng ta v nhng tnh hung l gii cho trng thi
.
Trng t thng ng sau ng t m t c th hnh ng. V d, nh cu he smiled
happily v cu he smiled sarcastically c ngha rt khc nha. Cng nh tnh t, trng t
c phn bit nh tm quan trng ca chng i vi vic hiu, v trng t cn ph thuc
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vo ng t trong cu. Ni chung cc ng t nh crying, shouted... th t chng cng c
sc thi ngha, cn nhng ng t khc nhgave, said, dreams c sc thi ngha m
hn.
Khi bit c cc nhm t c bn v hnh thc t chc ca chng, ngi c s d dng
hiu ton b ngha ca cu. bit l i vi tr em, s rt tt nu chng bit c trng
t l g, v tr v vai tr ca trng t trong cu.
Vic c lt cng rt hu ch. y l k nng rt cn thit cho cc doanh nhn v sinh vin.
N gip ngi cphn bit c phnf no quan trong hn cn phn no km quan trng
hn trong mt mu tin. Phn quan trng hn thng l danh t (c bit l nhng ci tn
trong mt mu tin v s kin c tht) v cc ng t. Nhng im khc cn lu khi c
lt l cc con s ( nh s liu thng k, ngy thng) v thi ca ng t (liu hnh ng
c din ra thi qu kh, hin ti hay tng lai) . Nhng phn quan trng hn c th l
cc t nh a, the, or, and, if, as... cc t c lp li, hay mt s tnh t v trng t.
Di y l mt cu chuyn h cu v mt mu tin c tht
Chng ta nh du nhng phn quan trng gip hiu ni dung vn bn:
Suddenly, he ad a loud bang in the distance. Marks head began to spin wildly. The
explosion had been close, too close. Panicking, he clutched desperately at his cameraturned
to flee. Them, a voice, faint but growing stronger, crept towards him. He looked round, it was
a young girl. Mark, are you okay? Mark didnt know whether to laugh or cry. He was alive.
That was all he knew
Trong 71 t c trong vn bn trn, ch cn phi hiu 38 t. V vy, khng cn phi dng mt
k thut c bit no cng c th c nhanh gp i nh k nng c lt.
Thm mt v d
In November 1918, the great war finished. Some 20 million men, women, children are
estimated to have perished during the year of conflict and the flu epidemic which ensued. The
German leader, kaiser Wilhelm was replaced with an embryonic new republic, called Weimar.
It would have to tackle, in 1923, spiralling hyper-inflation, and later the vise and rise of Adolf
Hiler and his Naris. The first war was only the five number of a conflagration still get to S
Vi nhng mu tin c ngy thng v tn gi nh mu tin trn th k nng c lt thc s
hu dng hiu thng tin.
Thu Giang
Ti c th c rt nhiu c hi trong cng vic
nu ti gii ngoi ng
Ti bt u hc ting Anh t lc vo hc lp
10 PTTH. n nay 11 nmv hin gi ti
ang lmvic mt c quan Nh nc. Cng
vic ca ti lin quan n lnh vc thng tin
bo ch ca mt Ngnh. Ti c th c rt
nhiu c hi trong cng vic nu ti gii ngoi
ng v ch ti lmvic thng xuyn c
nhng kho o to ngn v di hn nc
ngoi.
Ti bt u hc ting Anh t lc vo hc lp 10
PTTH. n nay 11 nm v hin gi ti ang
lm vic mt c quan Nh nc. Cng vic ca ti lin quan n lnh vc thng tin bo ch
ca mt Ngnh. Ti c th c rt nhiu c hi trong cng vic nu ti gii ngoi ng v
ch ti lm vic thng xuyn c nhng kho o to ngn v di hn nc ngoi.
Mt vi dng gii thiu cho thy ti l mt ngi khng gii v ngoi ng lm. Ti vit bi
ny khng phi ph bin mt kinh nghim hoc phng php hay hc ngoi ng m
vi mc ch c th c mi ngi chia s nhng kinh nghim hay cng nh rt ra
nhng bi hc cho mnh. Ti tin y cng l tnh trng chung ca rt nhiu ngi.
Hc khng bi bn
Sau khi hc ht chng trnh ting Anh bc trung hc (gio trnh streamlines English A, B),
ti c mt kin thc c bn nht v ngoi ng (ting Anh). Lc ti c th s dng
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c ting Anh trong nhng trng hp giao tip thng thng. c th vng vng hn
na, ti ng k hc thm mt trung tm o to ngoi ng, cp ting anh c bn
vi gio vin l sinh vin ngoi ng dy thm.
Tip ln i hc, ti li hc li chng trnh ting Anh c bn A v B v hc 2 k ting
Anh chuyn ngnh. Trnh ca ti lc ny vn cha i n u c. Nhng nm cui i
hc ti tham gia mt lp hc gia s nhm tng cng kin thc. Kt thc kho hc ny,
trnh TA ca ti c kh hn trc mt cht.
Trong qu trnh ch xin vic, ti tham gia mt kho ting Anh mt trung tm ngoi ng
quc t, do gio vin nc ngoi dy. Tt c u xoay quanh nhng kin thc c bn. Ti
vn cha nh hnh c r nt trnh ngoi ng ca mnh.
Hc m khng hnh
Trong qu trnh hc rt nhiu kho nh vy, nu chm ch v bit cch vn dng chc trnh
ting anh ca ti cng khng n ni no. Song, v khng thc c, cng nh cha
xc nh c mc tiu r rng cng nh khng p dng vo thc t nhiu nn kin thc hc
c ca ti dn mai mt. Sau ny khi i lm, c tip xc vi mt s ti liu ting Anh, c
bit vi Internet nn ti thnh thong cng c, th dch bi v c mt s bi c ng
trn cc n phm trong Ngnh. Tuy vy trnh ting anh ca ti vn cha p ng vi yu
cu, c bit l nhng cng vic ti d nh lm.
Khng to thi quen thng xuyn hc
Lc thch th hc (c), khng thch th thi, ngy hc, ngy khng l thi quen tht
thng ca ti khin trnh ngoi ng ca ti khng kh ln c.
Ti thy bn thn mnh cng nh cc bn vo vo trng hp nh ti, c th s dng
thnh tho mt ting anh th cn phi:
Xc nh mc tiu r rng, hc lm g
Ln k hoch hc tp thng xuyn, s dng ting Anh trong nhiu trng hp
ng k theo mt chng trnh hc ph hp nht
Cui cng cn xc nh l mt phng tin v cng quan c th tip cn v khm ph
ngun tri thc rng ln ca ton nhn loi.
PHAM THANH BINH
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