Chng 5: K thut lp trnh iu khin trnh t B mn T ng o Lng Khoa in

CHNG 5
K THUT LP TRNH IU KHIN TRNH T

5.1. iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.
5.1.1. Nguyn l c bn iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.
5.1.2. V d v iu khin tay my dng thanh ghi.
(Lin h li chng 3)
5.2 Sequence Control Relay (Relay iu khin tun t):
5.2.1. Lnh STL v lp trnh SCR:
+ Lnh SCR: Lnh nh du v tr bt u ca
on iu khin trnh t. Khi n c gi tr logic
bng 1 th c c pht cho php on iu khin
trnh t bt u lm vic. on iu khin trnh t
phi c kt thc bng lnh SCRE.
+ Lnh SCRT:Lnh thc hin vic chuyn bit iu
khin trnh t sang mt trng thi k tip khc (set
bit k tip). Khi c tn hiu truyn n lnh th S
bit c tham chiu s set ln v relay iu khin
trnh t ny bt u hot ng. on SCR ang
c thc hin lp tc tr v off.
+ Lnh SCRE: Lnh nh du s kt thc ca
on chng trnh iu khin trnh t c bt u
bng lnh SCR.
Trong STL, LAD, FBD cc relay iu khin
trnh t c s dng qun l cc hot ng ca my mc hoc nhng on chng
trnh iu khin theo tng bc.
Lnh LSCR chuyn trng thi logic ca SCR vo trong ngn xp (stacks) tng ng
vi gi tr ca S bit c tham chiu bi lnh. on chng trnh c hot ng hay
khng l ph thuc vo kt qu ca SCR stack. nh ngn xp c a kt qu ca S
bit (c tham chiu trong lnh)
ra trc tip cun dy (LAD) hay
hp (FBD). Hnh 1 m t s hot
ng ca S stack v logic stack
v kt qu ca vic thc hin
lnh LSCR.
+ Cc vn cn lu trong khi
s dng relay iu khin trnh t:
- Tt c cc vn logic gia
lnh LSCR v SCRE to ra bi
relay iu khin trnh t tu
thuc vo kt qu ca S stack
Hnh 5.1: Kt qu ca vic thc hin lnh


Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh 127

Chng 5: K thut lp trnh iu khin trnh t B mn T ng o Lng Khoa in

ca qu trnh thc hin lnh. Cn cc vn logic gia lnh SCRE v lnh LSCR
(bn ngoi ni dung ca chng trnh iu khin trnh t) khng ph thuc vo kt
qu cu S stack.
- Lnh SCRT set S bit cho php thc hin on lnh SCR k tip v cng reset S bit
c thc hin trc .
+ Cc vn hn ch khi s dng lnh iu khin trnh t:
- Bn khng th s dng nhiu S bit ging nhau cho nhiu hn mt chng trnh. V
d, nu bn s dng S0.1 trong chng trnh chnh, bn khng th s dng n trong
chng trnh con hoc chng trnh x l ngt.
- Khng s dng lnh nhy JMP v lnh khai bo nhn LBL trong on SSR. Ngha l
khng cho php nhy vo trong on SCR t bn ngoi hoc bn trong hoc t bn
trong nhy ra. Bn c th thc hin cp lnh JMP v LBL xung quanh on SCR.
- Bn khng th s dng lnh FOR...NEXT v lnh END trong on chng trnh
SCR.
5.2.2. AND nhnh SCR:
V d cch s dng lnh SCR (y cng l v d v cch s dng lnh AND nhnh):
Trong v d ny, bit SM0.1 c s dng set bit S0.1 tng ng vi trng
thi SCR1 hot ng trong vng qut u tin.
Sau thi gian delay 2s, bit T37 s chuyn tip n trng thi SCR2. Trong qu
trnh chuyn tip ny, n s lm ngng trng thi SCR1 v bt u hot ng trng
thi SCR2 (S0.2).
Trong vng nh d liu ca PLC S7-200 c vng nh S 32 byte dnh cho iu
khin trnh t.




















Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh 128

Chng 5: K thut lp trnh iu khin trnh t B mn T ng o Lng Khoa in
























5.2.3. iu khin phn k:
Trong nhiu ng dng, dng trng thi n phn ng thi thnh hai hoc nhiu dng.
Khi cc dng trong iu khin phn k cng i ra t mt dng n phi hot ng
ng thi. Xem m t hai dng phn k hnh 2.



Transition Condition
State L State L
State L










Hnh 5.2: Dng iu khin phn k

Dng iu khin phn k c th c thc hin bng cch b sung cng mt lc nhiu
lnh SCRT vo trong mt chng trnh SCR. Xem v d sau:


Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh 129

Chng 5: K thut lp trnh iu khin trnh t B mn T ng o Lng Khoa in



5.2.4. iu khin hi t:
Cng nhiu trng hp tng t pht sinh khi hai hoc nhiu dng trng thi tun t
phi kt hp li thnh dng n. S kt hp gi l hi t. Tt c cc dng n phi
hon tt trc khi trng thi tip theo c thc hin. Xem m t hai dng phn k
hnh 5.3.

State N
Transition Condition
State L State M









Hnh 5.3: Dng iu khin phn k


iu khin dng hi t c th b sung vo trong chng trnh SCR bng cch truyn t
trng thi L n trng thi L v t trng thi M n trng thi M. Khi hai bit trng
thi c trnh din l ng th trng thi N tip theo c cho php, xem v d sau:


Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh 130

Chng 5: K thut lp trnh iu khin trnh t B mn T ng o Lng Khoa in


ng dng: Dng kt thc mt hoc nhiu thit b ca qu trnh iu khin khi khng
mun n tip din trong chu trnh.
5.2.5. S lp li hot ng trnh t:
c ng dng trong nhng bi ton cng ngh hot ng theo tng bc (step) v
theo mt chu trnh nht nh khng c php thay i. V d iu khin my gp-
t; n giao thng; iu khin my trn nhin liu ...c th m t nh sau:












Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh 131

Chng 5: K thut lp trnh iu khin trnh t B mn T ng o Lng Khoa in
























Hnh 5.4: iu khin trnh t theo chu trnh lp li

V d 1: iu khin hot ng ca cnh tay my mt bc t do gp chi tit my t
bng chuyn A chuyn sang bng chuyn B










Hnh 5.5: S cng ngh ca my gp- t

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh 132