LP TRNH HNG I TNG

Cao Tun Dng- Nguyn Th Thu Trang

B MN CNG NGH PHN MM
ViN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI
Bi 10. Biu use case v
Biu hot ng
Ni dung
1. Tng quan v biu use case
2. Cc thnh phn chnh trong biu
use case
3. Biu hoat ng
3
1.1. Tng quan v biu use case
Mi h thng tng tac vi con ngi hoc cac h
thng khac thc hin nhim vu
Cc hnh vi ca h thng c th c m ta trong
cc use case.
What, not How
Cc use case m ta cc tng tc gia h thng v
mi trng ca n
Biu use case
4
1.1. Tng quan v biu use case (2)
Biu m ta cac yu cu chc nng cua h
thng di dang cac use case.
Bao gm cac chc nng mong i cua h thng
(use case) va mi trng (actor) cua no.
5
View Report Card
Student
Register for Courses
Login
1.2. Li ch cua biu use case
Ging nh mt ban hp ng gia ngi phat trin
phn mm va khach hang.
La cng c manh m cho vic lp k hoach c
dng trong tt ca cac giai oan trong quy trnh phat trin
h thng
Khach hang cua ban phai ph chun biu use-case
S dng biu use case thao lun vi khach hng.
Cac thanh vin tham gia vao d an, s dng m hnh nay
hiu ro hn v h thng
6
7
1.2. Li ch cua biu use case (2)
Giao tip
Xc nh
Kim chng
End User
Domain Expert Users
Verification
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

Use Case
Communication
Ni dung
1. Tng quan v biu use case
2. Cc thnh phn chnh trong biu
use case
3. Biu hoat ng
8
2.1. Tc nhn (actor)
9
Tc nhn l bt ky th gi tng tac
vi h thng, co s trao i d liu
vi h thng
L mt lp/loi ngi dung ch khng
phai mt ngi cu th
Mt ngi dung cu th co th ong
vai tro l cac tac nhn khac nhau, co
nghia l ngi o co nhiu vai tro
khac nhau trong h thng
Khng phai l mt phn ca h thng
Actors are EXTERNAL.
Actor
V d v tc nhn
Tac nhn trao i thng tin vi h thng:
Gi thng tin ti h thng
Nhn thng tin t h thng
10
-Tac nhn KHNG phai la
mt phn cua h thng!!!
- Giup gii han h thng

Tac nhn co th la:
Ngi dng,
Thit b phn cng
H thng phn mm khac
Tm kim tc nhn cua h thng
t cc cu hi sau tm ra tc nhn:
Nhm ngi no yu cu h thng lm vic gip h?
Nhm ngi no kch hoat chc nng ca h thng?
Nhm ngi no s duy tr v quan tr h thng hoat
ng?
H thng c tng tc vi cc thit b hay phn mm
ngoai vi no khc hay khng?
Thng tin v tc nhn:
Tn tc nhn phai m ta vai tr ca tc nhn mt
cch r rng
Tn nn l danh t
Cn m ta khi qut kha nng ca tc nhn
11
2.2. Use case
12
Use Case
Use case m ta chc nng cua h thng, la mt
chui cac hanh ng cua h thng thc hin
nhm thu c mt kt qua d thy ti mt tac
nhn nao o.
Mt use case m hnh hoa mt hi thoai gia mt
hoc nhiu tac nhn vi h thng
Mt use case m ta hanh ng cua h thng thc
hin nhm mang n mt gia tr nao o cho tac nhn.
Tm use case cua h thng
Xem cc yu cu chc nng tm ra cc UC
i vi mi tc nhn tm c, t cc cu hi:
Cc tc nhn yu cu nhng g t h thng
Cc cng vic chnh m tc nhn mun HT thc thi?
Tc nhn c tao ra hay thay i d liu g ca HT?
Tc nhn c phai thng bo g cho HT?
Tc nhn c cn thng tin thng bo g t HT?
Thng tin v use case:
Tn ca UC nn ch r kt qua ca qu trnh tng tc vi
tc nhn
Tn nn l ng t
M ta ngn gn v muc ch ca UC
13
Nhng iu nn trnh khi tao UC
Tao ra cc UC qu nh
Hnh ng qu n gian m ch cn m ta bi vi dng
Tao ra qu nhiu Use case (hng chuc)
Nhm cc Use case lin quan thnh mt Use case tng qut
(mc 1)
M ta cc Use Case tng qut mt s khc (mc 2)
V du: Quan l sch bao gm Nhp sch, Xut sch,
S dung cc Use-case qu cu th, hoc lm vic vi d liu
qu cu th. V du:
Tm sch theo tn (nn l Tm sch)
Nhp Pin vo my ATM (nn l Nhp PIN)
Thm sch (nn l Quan l sch bao gm Thm sch)
14
2.3. Mi lin h (relationship)
Mi lin h gia cc actor vi nhau
Khi qut ha (Generalization)
Giao tip
Mi lin h gia actor v use case
Giao tip
Mi lin h gia cc use case vi nhau
Generalization: Khi qut ha
Include: Bao hm
Extend: M rng
15
2.3.1. Mi lin h gia cc actor vi nhau
Khi qut ha (Generalization)
Tc nhn con k tha tnh cht v
hnh vi ca tc nhn cha
Giao tip
Xt s khc nhau gia hai biu sau
16
2.3.2. Mi lin h gia actor vi use case
Thit lp quan h gia Tc nhn v Use Case
Chng tng tc bng cch gi cc tn hiu cho nhau
Mt use case m hnh ha mt hi thoai gia cc tc
nhn v h thng
Mt use case c bt u bi mt tc nhn gi mt
chc nng no trong h thng.
Actor
Association
Use Case
17
2.3.2. Mi lin h gia actor vi use case (2)
Chiu ca quan h chnh l chiu ca tn hiu gi i
T tc nhn ti Use Case
Kch hoat Use case
Hi thng tin no trong h thng
Thay i thng tin no trong h thng
Thng bo cho UC v mt s kin t bit no xay ra vi h thng
T Use Case ti tc nhn:
Nu nh c mt iu g xay ra vi HT v tc nhn cn c bit
s kin
UC i khi cn hi thng tin no t mt tc nhn trc khi UC
a ra mt quyt nh
18
2.2.3. Mi lin h gia cc use case
Generalization
<<include>>
always use
<<extend>>
sometime use
19
a. Quan h generalization
c s dung ch ra mt vi
tnh cht chung ca mt nhm
tc nhn hoc UC
S dung khi nim k tha
M ta hnh vi chung (chia s)
trong UC cha
M ta hnh vi ring trong (cc)
UC con
20
b. Quan h <<include>>
Cho php mt UC s dung chc nng ca UC khc
Chc nng ca UC Inclusion s c gi trong
UC Base
S dung stereotype l <<include>>
21
c. Quan h <<extend>>
Cho php m rng chc nng ca mt UC
Chn hnh vi ca UC Extension vo UC Base
Ch chn khi iu kin extend ng (m rng, pht sinh)
Chn vo lp c s tai im pht sinh (extension point)
S dung stereotype l <<extend>>
22
oc biu use case
23
View Report Card
Student
Register for Courses
Login
Select Courses to
Teach
Submit Grades
Professor
Registrar
Billing System
Maintain Professor
Information
Maintain Student
Information
Close Registration
Course Catalog
c biu use case
Tra li cc cu hi sau:
M ta cc chc nng ca h thng
Sinh vin c th tc ng ln nhng use-case no?
Gio vin c th tc ng ln nhng use-case no?
Nu A va l sinh vin va l gio vin, anh ta c
th thc hin c nhng use-case no?
S ny khng ni ln c nhng g?
Nhng use-case no cn thit thc hin u tin?
Biu use case co th m ta ht c khng?
24
Ni dung
1. Tng quan v biu use case
2. Cc thnh phn chnh trong biu
use case
3. Biu hoat ng
25
3. Biu hoat ng
Biu hoat ng (Activity Diagram AD) c s
dng m ta cac hoat ng va cac hanh ng c
thc hin trong mt use case
Biu lung (flow chart): Ch ra lung iu khin t hoat
ng/hanh ng nay n hoat/hanh ng khac.
26
Flow of Events
This use case starts when the Registrar requests that the
system close registration.
1. The system checks to see if registration is in progress. If
it is, then a message is displayed to the Registrar and the
use case terminates. The Close Registration processing
cannot be performed if registration is in progress.
2. For each course offering, the system checks if a professor
has signed up to teach the course offering and at least three
students have registered. If so, the system commits the
course offering for each schedule that contains it.

Activity 1 Activity 3
Activity 2
3. Biu hoat ng (2)
Hoat ng
c ta cho hanh vi c din ta nh mt lung thc thi thng
qua s sp xp th t cua cac n v nh hn.
Cac n v nh hn bao gm cac hoat ng lng nhau va cac
hanh ng ring l c ban
Co th cha cac rang buc biu thc logic khi hoat
ng c gi hoc kt thuc
27
<<Precondition>>
Boolean constraint
Activity 5
<<Postcondition>>
Boolean constraint
Activity 4
Activity 2
AD for Register for course use case
28
Synchronization Bar (Fork)
Thanh ng b (phn nhanh) Guard Condition
(iu kin rang buc)
Synchronization Bar (Join)
Thanh ng b (Kt hp)
Decision
Concurrent Threads
(Tin trnh song song)
Transition
(Chuyn dch)
Select Course
[ add course ]
Check
Schedule
Check
Pre-requisites
Assign to
Course
Resolve
Conflicts
Update
Schedule
Delete Course
[ checks completed ] [ checks failed ]
[ delete course ]
Activity/Action
Initial activity
Final activity
Goi mt AD khac
29
Phn chia (Partition)
Biu hoat ng ch m ta iu gi xay ra ch khng
m ta ai lam gi
Nu mun ch ra ai lam gi thi co th phn chia thanh
cac phn bao gm cac hoat ng do ai lam
Co th phn chia theo mt chiu (hang hoc ct) hoc
hai chiu (ca hang va ct)
30
Phn chia mt
chiu hay con goi
la swim lane
31
Cho:
Cac tac nhn: Ngi mua, H thng E-mail, H thng
cho vay va H thng bao cao tn dng
Cac use case: Tm ngi mi gii, Quan l h s ca
nhn, Tm kim nha va Yu cu vay
Cac mi lin kt:
T ngi mua ti Tm ngi mi gii
T ngi mua ti Quan l h s ca nhn
T ngi mua ti Tm kim nha
T ngi mua ti Yu cu vay
Quan l h s ca nhn ti H thng e-mail
Tm kim nha ti H thng e-mail
Yu cu vay ti H thng e-mail, H thng cho vay
Yu cu vay ti H thng bao cao tn dng
Hy v:
Biu use-case
32
Cho:
Cac trang thai hanh ng:
Chn h s
Tm h s ngi mua
Tao h s mi
ng nhp
Lung hoat ng:
Bt u t Chn h s ti Tm h s ngi mua
ri i t Tm h s ngi mua n Tao h s
mi nu h s khng tn tai. Nu h s tn tai
th co th ng nhp
Hy v:
Biu hoat ng
33