Th nghim 1.

PHEP TH XANTOGENAT
Hoa chat
Ancol etylic, cacbon isunfur, kali hidroxit, dung dch CuSO4.
Cach tien hanh
Phe th!" xantogenat la# ha"n !ng nha$y nha%t cu"a ancol.
&O' ( )O' ( CS* + &O,C,S) ( '*O
--
S
4 &O,C,S) ( *CuSO4 + * &O,C,SCu ( .&OCS/* ( * )*SO4
-0 -- --
S S S
1ro2n 34l ancol etylic 56i 34l cacbon isunfur, the74 5a#o o 3 5ie7n kali
hidroxit un nong nhe$ ro8i o9 5a#o dung dch CuSO4. :e%u ha"n !ng cha$y
to%t
th; se< xua%t hie2n 4a#u na7u cu"a o8ng xantogenat. :e%u kho7ng co
xantogenat th;
4a#u cu"a ke%t tu"a se< la# xanh.
Th nghim 2: Phn ng ca ancol vi thuc th Lucas
+ Thuc th Lucas: l hn hp HCL m c v ZnCl
2
, c kh nng bin i Ancol hnh !"n #$%
Clo &'ng (ng , kh)ng *n +ong hn hp phn (ng , v ,- h.o hm l&ng , c h/ lm v0n 1c !$ng
!2ch hoc c hi3n &ng 4ch l5p6
78- l h$9c h: h&;ng &c !,ng / nhn bi bc +&$ !<* +=n hi3n &ng v"n 1c c>* !$ng khi
cho h$9c h: vo?
@&$ bc A? kh)ng phn (ng h$9c h:
@&$ bc 2? !$ng !2ch v"n 1c khi cho h$9c h: vo khong B phC
@&$ bc D? hi3n &ng v"n 1c #- +* (c h;i
7 l !o phn (ng #- +* h.o c' ch E
F
A hoc E
F
2? Go hnh g9c @
H
6 I+ong ,- h$Jc vo bc
+&$ m g9c @
H
c J bKn kh4c nh*$, bc D h&;ng bKn h'n bc 2
+ Th nghim: Cho h$9c h: L$c*L vo c4c 9ng nghi3m c ch(* LMn?
ng 1 ?ch(* ph.nol? c hi3n &ng ph8n l5p, kh)ng phn (ng6
ng 2 ?ch(* .*nol? !$ng !2ch v0n +ong L$96 @&$ bc mJ hon on ko phn (ng N nhi3 J
phOng6
ng 3 ch(* iLop+op*nol? !$ng !2ch b2 v0n 1c6 @&$ bc 2 phn (ng L*$ khong B phC6
H
3
C C
H
OH
CH
3
HCl
ZnCl
H
3
C C
H
Cl
CH
3 H
2
P
ng 4 ch(* .+Qb$*nol? c hi3n &ng 4ch l5p6 @&$ bc D phn (ng ng*- (c khRc
H
3
C C
OH
CH
3
HCl
ZnCl
H
3
C C
Cl
CH
3 H
2
P
CH
3
CH
3
Th nghim 3: i!"o PHAN NG CUA ETYLENGLICOL A! GLIXE"IN
#I
$O%NG&II' HI("OXIT
(A. ethylene glycol; cg. etaniol - 1,2), HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
&& S-lic C2HBPH
C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
IhT nghi3m U?
2) C cc cht:
C2H5-OH, (CH3)2CH-OH, CH3CH2CH2-OH, CH3-CHO, CH3CH2-CHO, (CH3)2C=O.
Giai on 1 ca p halofom ho l mt trng hp c bit ca phn ng halogen ho cc hp cht cacbonyl (Hal th
cc H-) m hp cht cacbonyl y c dng R-CO-CH3 vi R l H, ankyl hoc aryl, cho dn xut R-CO-CHal3. Phn
ng halofom xy ra trong mi trng kim. k c halogen v MT kim, cc ru bc 1 v 2 s b oxy ho thnh hp
cht cacbonyl nh sau:
R-CH2-OH + Hal2 + 2OH(-) ---> R-CH=O + 2Hal(-) + 2H2O
R(R')CH-OH + Hal2 + 2OH(-) ---> R(R')C=O + 2Hal(-) + 2H2O
Nu R l CH3 th s c phn ng halofom xy ra.
Nh vy cc cht c p l: C2H5-OH, (CH3)2CH-OH, CH3-CHO, (CH3)2C=O (4 cht)
PTHH:
G1: Halogen ho:
R-CO-CH3 + 3Hal2 + 3NaOH ---> R-CO-CHal3 + 3NaHal + 3H2O
G2: Phn ct halofom:
R-CO-CHal3 + NaOH ---> CHHal3 + R-CO-ONa
Vi Hal l I th CHI3 kt ta vng, p l p iodofom.
Xeton:
*Khng c phn ng t!ng g"#ng, khng to kt ta gch$%i C&(OH)2
*'hn ng $%i thuc th 2,4-DNPH t(o )n ph*+ khng tan c mu
*C, th- nh.n a metylxeton /-CO-CH3 01ng phn ng io2o3o+ (tc !ng "#$ %& t'ong m$ t'()ng
k$*m) t(o a +H%& kt ta "ng
*C, th- nh.n a metylxeton 01ng phn ng $%i ung ,ch NaH-.& /0o h1a t(o tinh th- 45t tinh
Isopropyl l gc (CH3)2CH, ancol isopropylic l (CH3)2CHOH.
IhT nghi3m B?
Phn ng ca #h"nol vi !ung !$ch %"&l
3
ng nghim 1? ch(* ph.nol? h=m vi giV W.Cl
D
loXng vo !$ng !2ch ph.nol +ong n&5c LY c m$
Tm Zph(c #*nh Tm[6
OH
W.
DH
W.ZC
\
H
B
P[
\
DQ
\
\H
H
ng nghim 2: ch(* hi!+o]$inon? h=m vi giV W.Cl
D
loXng vo !$ng !2ch hi!+o]$inon +ong n&5c LY
&c k >* ]$inh-!+on h^nh kim m$ #*nh l4 c8-6
ng nghim 3? ch(* 2Qn*phol? khi h=m vi giV !$ng !2ch W.Cl
D
vo !$ng !2ch 2Qn*phol +ong
n&5c nng LY #$% hi3n m$ #*nh l4 c8- nhG, L*$ mJ h;i gi*n c k >* b)ng +Rng6
C4c ph(c Go hnh +ong D 9ng nghi3m +=n K$ k_m bKn +ong c h*i m)i +&;ng *ci! v kiKm, !o
khi cho ph(c phn (ng v5i H
H
h*- PH
Q
k/ c +&$ h^ m$ c4c ph(c K$ b2 m%6 `o khi cho *ncol
.-lic, HCl, F*PH vo c4c 9ng nghi3m K$ m% m$ ,- vo J mGnh -$ c>* *ci! h*- kiKm m
kh nng m% m$ nh*nh h*- chm6
S*nol C2H6O
Salicylic Acid Cng thc ph7n t89 C7H6O3 :h;i l"<ng ph7n t8 t"#ng ;i9 13=. C6H>(OH)COOH
IF\?
Phn ng ca aan!"hit vi amiacat '(c )thuc th Tol"ns*
Cho !$ng !2ch AgFP
D
vo 9ng nghi3m, nha vo !$ng !2ch FH
D
n khi no k >* Ag
2
P vb* Linh
+* *n hon on6
AgFP
D
H FH
D
H H
2
P c AgPH H FH
U
FP
D
2AgPH Ag
2
P H H
2
P
Ag
2
P H 2FH
D
H H
2
P c 2ZAgZFH
D
[
2
[PH
Chi* h$9c h: Iol.nL vo 2 9ng nghi3m?
dng A? cho *n!.hi eomic vo bGc b4m +=n hnh 9ng nghi3m6
dng 2? cho *n#.*n *n!.hi bGc b4m +=n hnh 9ng nghi3m, T h'n 9ng A6
E' f phn (ng?
dng A? 9i v5i HCHP phn (ng c h/ #- +* 2 lgn?
HCHP H 2AgFP
D
H DFH
D
H H
2
P c HCPPFH
U
H 2FH
U
FP
D
H 2Agh ZD6A[
HCPPFH
U
H 2AgFP
D
H DFH
D
H H
2
P c ZFH
U
[
2
CP
D
H 2FH
U
FP
D
H 2Agh ZD62[
ZD6A[ H ZD62[ c ZD6D[
HCHP H UAgFP
D
H \FH
D
H 2H
2
P c ZFH
U
[
2
CP
D
H UFH
U
FP
D
H UAgh ZD6D[
dng 2?
CH
D
CHP H 2AgFP
D
H DFH
D
H H
2
P c CH
D
CPPFH
U
H 2FH
U
FP
D
H 2Agh
+h,n -.t: *n!.hi 'n ch(c A cho phn (ng +4ng g&'ng v5i h$9c h: Iol.nL cho i l3 mol n
A
?n
Ag
j
A?U h^ A phi l HCHP Z c4c *n!.hi kh4c cho i l3 mol A?2[ gii hTch v^ L*o l&ng kim loGi
bGc +ong 9ng A l5n h'n 9ng 26
F$ phn (ng +4ng g&'ng c Go +* khT h^ l FH
D
v CP
2
, !o L< h>- ph8n bNi nhi3?
ZFH
U
[
2
CP
D

o
2FH
D
k H CP
2
k H H
2
P
H*-
HCHP H 2Ag
2
P
FH
D

o
CP
2
H 2H
2
P H UAgh
TN7
1.b dng nc Brom ( AgNO3/NH3 hoc thuc th fehling) phn c 2 nhm
nhm A cha 2 aldehyd nhm B cha 2 cht kia
nhm A c aldehyd fomic HCHO c tnh cht c bit: tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 c kh bay ln CO2 kh ny lm c
nc vi trong
nhm B c CH3COOH dng qu tm
P ca glucose vi thuc th Fehling
Nguyn l:
Trong thuc th fehling Cu2+ dng kt hp vi mui kali natritactrat s b 4onosaccarit ho=c disaccarit
kh> th8nh Cu(
1rong thu?c th> @ehling, 4u?i tactrat cA 5ai tr tBo hCc 5Di Cu *(, tBo ion hCc
ECu.C4'4OF/*G*, . khiHn @ehling cA 48u xanh lI nhJ4 ngKn cLn sM tBo kHt tNa CuO'*
trong thu?c th>.
( Ong nghiP4 0, khi t%c dQng 5Di glucoRo . 'O S C'*, .C'O'/4 S C' TO, cA chCa g?c
andehit thu?c th> n8y tBo kHt tNa Cu*O UV. PhLn Cng xLy ra khi Uun nAng
*:a*ECu.C4'4OF/*G ( :aO' ( &C'O ( '*O Cu*O ( & S COO:a ( *'*c4h4oF (
*:a*c4h4oF
TN)
iu ch iodofom bng cch cho dung dch hipoio (dung dch iot trong xt (NaOH) hoc natri cacbonat (Na2CO3) tc
dng vi etanol hoc axeton.
Cho io v F*PH 4c !1ng v5i *#.on6`,ng F*PH !& h^ Ln ph0m Linh +* c k >* vng67 l
io!oeom6En ph0m cOn lGi l n*+i *#.*
(o a 45t t?a +@& $@ng Ao2o3o+ , 0(n BB
ChCc 0(n 0i5t D l@ ancol i)opopylic Ei nhF, $%i Ancol CH3CH(OH)-/ $@ aGeton CH3CO-/ 4hi t!c 2Hng A2I OH- )J t(o a 45t t?a
Ao2o3o+ +@& $@ng . K7y l@ lL th&y5t 4hMng c, tong NO:, chF c, tong +Py c&;n h,a hQc nR+ nhPt nSn +Tnh nghU )J 4o a
thi 7& BB