(123doc - VN) - Bao Cao Thuc Tap Tai Cong Ty Su Thien Thanh

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp.
H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc
Mc Lc
PHN 1: TNG QUAN NH MY S THIN THANH............................................................5
1.1.
Lch s thnh lp v pht trin a im xy dng.........................................................5
1.1.1.
Khi qut:...................................................................................................................5
1.1.2. Thin Thanh l mt trong nhng nh sn xut kinh doanh thit b v sinh hng
u Vit Nam vi cng ngh v thit b hin i nhp t , Anh, Php...............................5
1.1.3.
Th trng tiu th:.....................................................................................................6
1.1.4.
Thnh tch cao nht:...................................................................................................7
1.2.
S B TR MT BNG:..........................................................................................7
1.3.
S T CHC NHN S:.........................................................................................8
1.4.
NI QUY AN TON V SINH LAO NG:.................................................................9
1.4.1.
Quy nh chung:.........................................................................................................9
1.4.2.
i vi ngi lao ng:...........................................................................................10
1.4.3.
Nhng iu cm:......................................................................................................10
1.4.4.
Phng chy cha chy:.............................................................................................10
1.5.
X L CHT THI:......................................................................................................10
PHN 2: DY CHUYN CNG NGH.....................................................................................12

2.1.
CC SN PHM S V SINH:....................................................................................12
2.1.1. Phn loi sn phm theo chc nng s dng v kiu dng thit k:............................12
2.1.2. Phn loi sn phm theo h thng x ( ch dnh cho cc loi bn cu cao).................12
2.1.3. Phn loi sn phm theo mc cht lng:..................................................................13
2.2.
CC C TNH CHT LNG CA S V SINH:.................................................13
2.2.1.
Cc tnh cht c, l, ha, nhit:................................................................................13
2.2.2.
Cht lng b mt:...................................................................................................13
2.2.3.
Cc c tnh cht lng ca s VSXD:....................................................................14
2.3.
NGUYN LIU SN XUT.........................................................................................14
2.3.1.
Nguyn liu xng...................................................................................................14
2.3.2.
Nguyn liu men.......................................................................................................16
2.4.
Cc dng nng lng s dng v tin nghi h tr sn xut.............................................16
PHN 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH (QTCN)...........................................................................17

3.1.
S KHI...................................................................................................................17
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
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Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

3.2.
THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH...............................................................17
3.2.1.
Chun b h rt....................................................................................................17
3.2.2.
Khu rt - to hnh...............................................................................................17
3.2.3.
Sy mc....................................................................................................................23
3.2.4.
Kim tra du v phun men........................................................................................24
3.2.5.
Nung sn phm:........................................................................................................26
3.2.6.
Kim tra sn phm sau nung....................................................................................29
PHN 4: MY MC THIT B...................................................................................................32

4.1. My nghin bi.....................................................................................................................32
4.1.1 Cng dng.....................................................................................................................32
4.1.2. Chng loi, ni sn xut...................................................................................................32
4.1.3. Cu to..........................................................................................................................32
4.1.4. C ch hot ng v nguyn tt vn hnh:...................................................................33
4.1.5. Cc thng s k thut ca qu trnh nghin:................................................................33
4.1.6. S c - khc phc:........................................................................................................34
4.1.7. u nhc im:.........................................................................................................34
4.2. My nghin bnh :...........................................................................................................34
4.2.1. Chc nng, chng loi, xut x:...................................................................................34
4.2.2. Cu to:.........................................................................................................................34
4.2.3. c ch hot ng...........................................................................................................34
4.2.4. cc thng s k thut ca my:.....................................................................................35
4.2.5. Bo qun nh k:.........................................................................................................35
4.2.6. S c v cch khc phc:.............................................................................................35
4.3. My khuy h liu:..............................................................................................................35
4.4. My sn rung:......................................................................................................................36
4.4.1. Chc nng, cu to v nguyn l hot ng:................................................................36
4.4.2. Cc thng s k thut...................................................................................................36
4.4.3. S c v khc phc.......................................................................................................37
4.5.
My nh ti mc hng:..................................................................................................37
4.5.1.
Cng dng:...............................................................................................................37
4.5.2.
Chng loi, ni sn xut: Lin X ( 1990)..............................................................37
4.5.3.
Cu to......................................................................................................................37
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4.5.4. C ch - nguyn tt vn hnh.......................................................................................37
4.5.5. Cc thng s k thut ca qu trnh qu trnh..............................................................38
4.5.6 u nhc im...........................................................................................................38
4.6. My rt BCV..................................................................................................................38
4.6.1. Chc nng.....................................................................................................................38
4.6.2. Cu to:.........................................................................................................................38
4.6.3. Cc thng s k thut trong qu trnh rt................................................................39
4.6.4. S c v cch khc phc:.............................................................................................39
4.7. My rt Interdri..............................................................................................................39
4.7.1. Chc nng:....................................................................................................................39
4.7.2. Cu to..........................................................................................................................40
4.7.3. Nguyn l hot ng....................................................................................................40
4.7.4. Cc thng s ca my Interdri......................................................................................40
4.7.5. S c - cch khc phc:................................................................................................41
4.8. My BMP-280.....................................................................................................................41
4.8.1. Chc nng:....................................................................................................................41
4.8.2. Cu to..........................................................................................................................41
4.8.3 Nguyn l hot ng:....................................................................................................41
4.8.4 B phn x l nc cho my BMP 280:.......................................................................42
4.8.5 Bo dng my BMP:...................................................................................................43
4.9.
Cn nh lng:...............................................................................................................43
4.9.1 Chc nng:.....................................................................................................................43

4.9.2 Thng s k thut:.........................................................................................................43
4.9.3 Nguyn l hot ng:....................................................................................................43
4.9.4 S c v cch khc phc:..............................................................................................43
4.10. My nghin men:..............................................................................................................44
4.10.1 Cu to:........................................................................................................................44
4.10.2 Cc thng s k thut:.................................................................................................44
4.10.3 Nguyn l vn hnh:........................................................................................................44
4.10.4 S c v cch khc phc.............................................................................................44
4.10.5 u - nhc im..........................................................................................................44
4.11 Bung sy...........................................................................................................................45
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4.11.1 Cu to.........................................................................................................................45
4.11.2 Nguyn l vn hnh.....................................................................................................45
4.12. L tunnel............................................................................................................................46
4.12.1. Vai tr Chc nng Nguyn tc vn hnh..............................................................46
4.12.2. Cu to :......................................................................................................................46
4.12.3. S c v cch khc phc:...........................................................................................55
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PHN 1: TNG QUAN NH MY S THIN THANH

1.1. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin a im xy dng
1.1.1. Khi qut:
Cng Ty S Thin Thanh ( CTSTT) l mt doanh nghip nh nc chuyn sn xut thit b
v sinh, cng ty c mt trn th trng sm nht Vit Nam, trc thuc Tng Cng ty VLXD s
1 B xy dng, Quyt nh thnh lp s: 035A/BXD TCL ngy 12 thng 2 nm 1993.
-
Cng ty c thnh lp nm 1953, sau nm 1975 Nh Nc tip qun v c phn ha

cng ty.
Nm 1986 cng ty c u t thm thit b v cng ngh: 15.000-20.000 sn phm/

nm.
Nm 1989 cng ty pht trin mnh hn, t 100.000 sn phm/ nm.
Nm 1996, cng ty tip tc u t c s v tng lng sn phm/nm n 300.000.
Nm 2004, u t thm c s Bnh Dng, t 400.000-500.000 sn phm/ nm.
Tr s chnh: 59 Ng Tt T, Qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM.
Nh my sn xut: ng D2 khu cng nghip Bnh Chun, Bnh Dng.
1.1.2. Thin Thanh l mt trong nhng nh sn xut kinh doanh thit b v

sinh hng u Vit Nam vi cng ngh v thit b hin i nhp t ,
Anh, Php.
Cng ty S Thin Thanh hin c 2 nh my sn xut t nng sut 700.000 sn
phm/nm, ln nht Vit Nam. S dng k thut tin tin to ra sn phm cht lng cao. Sn
phm ca cng ty S Thin Thanh c sn xut v kim tra theo h thng qun l cht lng
ISO 9001:2000.
Cc sn phm nh bn cu, lavabo, bn tiu, bidet, bnh lc nc, c sn xut trn
dy chuyn hin i; cng ngh, thit b nhp t Italia, Anh, c, Php, t cht lng Chu
u. Sn phm a dng v kiu dng, phong ph v mu sc cng nh gi c hp l vi dch v
lm hi lng khch hng.
- Khong trn 30 b bn cu cao ( x bt) vi nhiu kiu dng v nguyn l x nc khc nhau.
Trn 30 b chu ra mt v chn chu.
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Ngoi ra CTSTT cn c nhng chng loi sn phm khc nh; bnh lc nc, cc loi cu
cho tr em, cu thp (x xm) v cc loi chu bn kiu dng mi l sang trng
Bn
cu
thp
Bnh lc nc
Bn tiu
nam
1.1.3. Th trng tiu th:

Mng li ca cng ty rng khp c nc thng qua cc knh nh chi nhnh, vn phng
i din, i l. Ngoi ra, sn phm ca cng ty cng c xut sang mt s nc Php, c, Hn
Quc, Ucraina,
Ni ia chim 80%, ch yu bn ti Tp. HCM v cc tnh pha Nam.
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Phn cn li l xut khu sang nc ngoi.
1.1.4. Thnh tch cao nht:

Nm 1992 c ch tch nc CHXHCNVN phong tng hun chng Lao ng hng
II.
Sn phm ca Thin Thanh t nhiu huy chng v cht lng v c ngi tiu
dng bnh chn Hng Vit nam cht lng cao lin tc t nm 1996-2002.
Nm 2000 c T chc BVQI ( Vng Quc Anh) nh gi chng nhn h thng
qun l cht lng ca Cng ty ph hp vi tiu chun Quc t ISO 9002 : 1994
u nm 2003, c t chc BVQI (Vng Quc Anh) nh gi chng nhn h thng
qun l cht lng ca Cng ty ph hp vi tiu chun Quc T ISO 9001: 2000
1.2. S B TR MT BNG:
( km theo s )
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T
trng
t nghin
cu th
nghim
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

Trng phng
thit k PTSP
PH
GIM C
Qun c
phn xng
khun
Qun c
phn xng
khun
Qun c
phn xng
khun
Qun c
phn xng
khun
Qun c
phn xng
khun
Qun c
phn xng
khun
Trng phng
k thut
Qun c
phn xng
s
ngh
Trng phng
cng
1.3. S T CHC NHN S:

CH TCH HI NG
QUN TR
GIM C
IU HNH CNG TY
PH
GIM C
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Ch thch:
Gim c: V Vn T
Ph Gim c: V Vn t
Nguyn Vn Quang
Trng phng Nhn s: Nguyn Hu Chng
Trng phng Ti chnh kinh t: Trnh Vn Lng
Trng phng Thit k: Nguyn Tng c Tr
Trng phng Cng ngh: nguyn Th Thoa
Trng phng K thut: Phan Tn Dng
Trng phng Cht lng: Hunh Th Cc
Trng phng K hoch: Hong Th lan Anh
Qun c phn xng s: Trn Vn Thng
Qun c phn xng khun: Nguyn Vn u
1.4. NI QUY AN TON V SINH LAO NG:

( Trch dn TT5.1.3/AD ban hnh ngy 1/9/2002)
1.4.1. Quy nh chung:

-
Phi mang y trang phc bo h lao ng khi lm vic.
Gi gn v trong khu vc lm vic ca mnh v trong phm vi ca Cng ty.
Khi c s c hoc tai nn phi ngng my khn cp v bo ngay cho ngi c trch
nhim.
Mi thit b, dng c, phng tin lm vic u c trang b y v m bo an ton

lao ng v cc tiu chun v sinh cng nghip. ng thi phi thng xuyn kim tra
nh k, bo dng tu b, sa cha, b sung, m bo ng tiu chun an ton v sinh lao
ng theo lut nh.
Ch tuyn dng nhng ngi lao ng c sc khe v c nng lc lm vic.
Thng xuyn theo di, quan st vic thc hin y cc quy nh v an ton v v sinh
lao ng vi my mc, thit b cng nh ngi lao ng.
Trang b v b tr y , hp l cc phng tin, dng c PCCC.
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1.4.2. i vi ngi lao ng:

1.4.2.1. Trc khi lm vic:
Thng xuyn kim tra my mc thit b, phng tin lm vic m bo an
ton lao ng v v sinh cng nghip.
Phi vn hnh ng theo quy trnh k thut hng dn.
C quyn t chi cng vic nu thy khng an ton .
1.4.2.2. Trong khi lm vic:
Phi thc hnh ng cc thao tc quy nh cho tng khu sn xut.
Ngi vn hnh my mc thit b khng c t b i ni khc.
1.4.2.3. Sau khi lm vic:
Phi thc hin v sinh sch s ni lm vic v cc trang b an ton lao ng.
ng my mc thit b theo ng quy trnh k thut.
Thc hin cc cng vic bn giao ca.
1.4.3. Nhng iu cm:

Sa cha, lau chi, v sinh my mc thit b khi my ang hot ng (phi tt my
khi sa cha hoc v sinh).
Ht thuc nhng ni c bn cm, trong b phn sn xut v trong lc ang thao tc.
Ni chuyn ring trong lc lm vic.
i vo nhng khu vc khng thuc phm vi lm vic ca mnh.
Sa cha my hoc lm v sinh khi my ang hot ng.
Lm nhng vic ngoi nhim v v kh nng chuyn mn ca bn thn.
1.4.4. Phng chy cha chy:

Nh my thit k h thng che chn, ngn cch cc b phn nguy him nh: h thng dn
in, bn cha gas, cc bin php c kh ha trong vn chuyn ha cht nh ni hi, bnh kh
nn
Nh my lun ra cc quy tc an ton khi s dng cc thit b c th gy nguy him.
c bit do nh my s dng gas t l nung nn vn PCCC l v cng quan trng. Ti nh
my c h thng chng st, h thng bnh cha chy, b tr nhiu ca thot him thong thong v
bng quy nh PCCC t ti mi phn xng.
1.5. X L CHT THI:

Cht thi ch yu ca nh my l nc huyn ph h, men v kh bi.
Kh thi:
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Bi ( ch yu t nghin) c ht ra ngoi qua xyclone lng bi. Kh cha bi
men ( t phun men v t kim du) c hp th bng nc v b lng c cha nc. Do
s dng gas lm nhin liu t nn kh thi l nung tng i sch v c phn tn ra
ngoi qua ng ng khi.
Nc thi c x l bng b lng v cc mng lc trc khi thi ra h thng
cng.
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PHN 2: DY CHUYN CNG NGH

2.1. CC SN PHM S V SINH:
2.1.1. Phn loi sn phm theo chc nng s dng v kiu dng thit k:
Sn phm s v sinh ca cng ty s Thin Thanh c phn lm 19 loi:
1.
Cu cao di (x bt)
2.
Cu thp ( x xm)
3.
Cu cao ct
4.
Cu mt khi
5.
Thng nc di gt
6.
Thng nc di mt nhn
7.
Thng nc di hai nhn
8.
Thng nc treo
9.
Chu ra mt mt l ln
10.
Chu ra mt mt l nh
11.
Chu ra mt hai l nh
12.
Chu ra mt ba l nh
13.
Chu bn
14.
Chu gc
15.
Chn chu ng
16.
Chn chu treo
17.
Bn tiu nam
18.
Bn tiu n ( Bidet)
19.
Bnh lc nc
2.1.2. Phn loi sn phm theo h thng x ( ch dnh cho cc loi bn cu cao)
Cc loi bn cu cao ca Cng ty S Thin Thanh c phn loi theo h thng x c
3 loi sau:
-Cu c h thng x thng hay cn gi l cu x thng, cu wash down. H thng
x ny da vo p lc nc di thng xung lng cu y cc cht thi vo cng thot.
- Cu c h thng x Siphon jet: h thng ny tng t h thng x Siphon nhng
c thm s h tr ca tia nc t l phn lc ( jet ) y cht thi vo cng thot.
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2.1.3. Phn loi sn phm theo mc cht lng:

Khi c yu cu xut khu, gim c s ph duyt cc tiu chun c th dnh cho cc sn
phm xut khu sau khi tha thun vi khch hng, gi l sn phm nhp kho (loi A).
2.2. CC C TNH CHT LNG CA S V SINH:

2.2.1. Cc tnh cht c, l, ha, nhit:
2.2.1.1. bn c hc ca sn phm:
L kh nng chu ti trng ca sn phm iu kin bnh thng.
2.2.1.2. ht nc:
L hin tng hp th nc ca vt liu, ht nc c biu din bng t l %
gia lng nc m khi vt liu c th hp th vi khi lng ca khi vt liu
.
2.2.1.3. bn ha hc:
L kh nng c th chu c s n mn ha hc ca vt liu.
2.2.1.4. bn nhit ( bn chng rng men):
L kh nng ca lp men khng b nc khi chu s tc ng ca cc iu kin nh
nhit , p sut, m theo thi gian nht nh.
2.2.1.5. bn i vi cht mu v bn khi t:
L kh nng khng b bm mu ca lp men: men s c lau sch bng vi m sau
khi tip xc vi mt s cht mu trong iu kin nhit thng v khi b t
nhit cao.
2.2.2. Cht lng b mt:
2.2.2.1. bng:
bng c o bng t l % khi so snh bng ca men vi bng chun (
bng ca b mt thy tinh uvion quy nh 100%).
2.2.2.2. trng:
trng c o bng t l % khi so snh trng ca men vi trng chun (
trng ca BaSO4 c quy nh l 100%).
2.2.2.3. Mu sc:
Theo th hiu ca khch hng.
2.2.2.4. khuyt tt b mt:
Mt s loi khuyt tt trn b mt men thng gp: co men, l mt, l chm kim,
chm en, vt mu, bi silicat, rng men, gn sng, vt nt,
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2.2.3. Cc c tnh cht lng ca s VSXD:
STT
1
Cc t tnh cht
lng ca sn phm
Tiu chun Anh
Tiu chun c s
BS 3402:1969
TC 01:2003/CTSTT
Sai s kch thc

i vi nhng kch 2%
thc 75 mm
2%
i vi nhng kch
5%
thc < 75 mm
5%
Chiu cao mc nc
trong xiphon ton cu 5 mm
5 mm
bn c hc
Cc loi bn cu
Khng quy nh
3.0 KN
Cc loi chu ra mt
Khng quy nh
1.5 KN
Cc loi thng lc, Khng quy nh

bn tiu
Khng quy nh
ht nc
Trung bnh 0.5%, trng Trung bnh 0.5%, trng

hp c bit cho php 0.75% hp c bit cho php 0.75%
bn nhit
Mu khng c rng men

sau khi th nghim trong 10
gi mi trng hi nc
bo ha vi p sut t 0.33
MN/m2 n 0.35 MN/m2
bn ha hc ca B mt men khng b m, b B mt men khng b m, b

men
n mn sau khi th nghim.
n mn sau khi th nghim.
bn mu v bn B mt men d dng lau sch

t ca men
vt mu ( hoc vt m khi )
bng khn m sau khi th
nghim.
Mu khng c rng men

sau khi th nghim trong 10
gi mi trng hi nc
bo ha vi p sut t 0.33
MN/m2 n 0.35 MN/m2
B mt men d dng lau sch

vt mu ( hoc vt m khi )
bng khn m sau khi th
nghim.
2.3. NGUYN LIU SN XUT

2.3.1. Nguyn liu xng
2.3..1.1 Vai tr ca nguyn liu
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Nguyn liu ng vi tr quan trng trong cng ngh ceramic. Nguyn liu phi c c ht,
thnh phn khong ha n nh, ph hp vi qu trnh sy v nung tip theo to nn sn phm
c thnh phn pha v cht lng cn thit.
Cng ty s Thin thanh s dng nguyn liu ch yu trong nc. Cc nguyn liu nhp v
cng ty thng l nguyn liu th v c kim tra m bi cc k s ca nh my, kim tra
thnh phn ha bi trung tm kim nghim cht lng khu vc III trc khi nhp kho.
2.3.1.2 Cc loi nguyn liu s dng
Nguyn liu sn c trong nc c nh cung cp vn chuyn theo hp ng mua bn n tn
cng ty bng nhng xe ti ln
Nguyn liu nhp khu t nc ngoi c vn chuyn bng tu bin, ch v nh my bng
cc xe ti.
Nguyn liu chnh
1. Cao lanh lc ( Vnh Phc, Vnh Yn )
2. Trng thch Nng.
3. t st Trc Thn
4. Ct Cam Ranh.
5. Cao lanh lc Vnh Ph ( cn gi l cao lanh ng Dng )
Nguyn liu ph :
Keo silicat, NaOH, hot thch, vi
2.3.1.3. Phn loi - Tnh cht cc loi nguyn liu
Gm 2 loi
Nhm nguyn liu do :
Cao lanh, t st trng ( t st kh chy )
Nhm nguyn liu gy :
Ct thch anh, trng thch, hoy thch vi,
Tnh cht cc loi nguyn liu
Nguyn liu do
t st :
L loi nguyn liu c bn trong sn xut gm s gm cc nhm khong alumisilicat
ngm nc c cu trc lp vi phn tn cao , khi trn vi nc c tnh do , khi nung to
sn phm kt khi rn chc . N bao gm cc khong ch yu :khong halloysit , khong
montmorillonit , khong caolinit
t st cung cp ng thi Al 2O3 v SiO2 , ngoi ra trong thnh phn t st cn ln
ct , trng thch v cc khong cht khc
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Hm lng trong phi liu phi ph hp . Nu qu t th h km do s to hnh km , nu
qu nhiu th s c co ln lm sn phm bin dng khi nung
Cao lanh
L loi t trng mn , hoc c mu t vng n trng xanh , tnh do va phi , d bp nt
vn , trong thnh phn khong chnh l caolinit Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
Cao lanh c dng trong cng ngh sn xut s v c cng cao v ht m thp.
Cao lanh cn c dng trong phi liu lm tng bm khun ca h phi liu , tng trng.
2.3.2. Nguyn liu men
Nguyn liu pha ch men l SrCO 3 , sodium Hirpoly photphat , ZnO Trung Quc ,
CaCO3 , BaCO3 , ZrSO4, trng thch FBM 200 M Lai , cao lanh TK25 , Frit , ct Cam Ranh , bt
Tale Trung Quc , v cc ph gia khc
Ph gia cho men l : thy tinh lng , HCHO , CMC(cht kt dnh ) , cht to mu
c im cc loi nguyn liu :
-
SrCO3 , ZnO ( Trung Quc ) , CaCO3 , BaCO3 (M Lai) , ZrSO4 ( Nht Bn hoc c )
:bt mn , mu trng , khng mi , ng trong bao
Trng thch FBM200 M Lai : dng cc hoc bt mn , mu trng , khng mi , ng

trong bao
Cao lanh TK25 : dng cc , mu trng , khng mi , ng trong bao
Ct Cam Ranh :dng ht th , mu trng
Frit : tinh th mu trng , ng nh
Bt Tale Trung Quc : bt mn mu trng ng men
c im cc loi ph gia : thy tinh lng :Na2SiO3 lm tng linh ng ca h men,gim

nht v lng nc trong hn hp men ,
CMC(Php) : bt mn , hi vng , khng mi , ng trong bao .C tnh do v tng bm dnh
ca ln mc , trnh mt men khi nung
HCHO:cht lng khng mu , mi hc , ng trong chai thy tinh , c tc dng gi cho CMC
khng b phn hy
Cht to mu : ch yu l cc khong oxyt to mu
2.4. Cc dng nng lng s dng v tin nghi h tr sn xut

Nhin liu : dng kh ha lng LGP c ch ti nh my bng xe bn
in : s dng in do in lc cung cp
Nc : nh nc s dng nc ging bm qua s l , cp cho sn xut v sinh hot
Kh nn : kh tri c ht vo trm kh nn v c nn di p sut cao cung cp cho cc
b phn (v d :khu rt , kim du)
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
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PHN 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH (QTCN)

3.1. S KHI
( Xem bng v km theo )
3.2. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

3.2.1. Chun b h rt
3.2.1.1 Nguyn liu
Nguyn liu nhp v cng ty trong kho khong 3 thng m bo nguyn liu c cng
m v cc tnh cht c trng.
Cc k s phng th nghim s kim tra cc tnh cht c hc, ht nc, bn c hc
bn nhit... Xem nguyn liu c tiu chun khng, sau a ra cng thc phi trn nguyn
liu.
3.2.1.2 Thao tc chun b h
Cn khi lng ca tng loi nguyn liu theo toa nh sn
Nhp vo my nguyn bi thng qua h thng bng ti. Sau cho thm nc vo ha trn.
Khi my nghin hot ng, cc nguyn liu c nghin nh to thnh h nh tng nhit
60 70 0C. Thi gian vn hnh my nghin bi khong 4 5h.
Tho nguyn liu t my nghin bi qua sng 80 Mesh ri cho vo hm 1.
Ti hm 1 h c gim bt nhit ri li c qua bm sng 120 Mesh c t nam chm
lc st.
H c dn lun phin sang hm 3,4,5 . H trong hm khong 1 ngy c th cp cho
khu rt
Cc hm 3,4,5 cng c s dng lun phin
3.2.1.3 Cc thnh phn ti s dng lm nguyn liu
Cc sn phm b h hng trong khu rt ( hoc pht hin h trong khu kim du ) s
c cho vo my nh h liu, trn chung vi sodium silicat kh keo t. Dn h t my nh
h qua sang 80 Mesh vo hm 6,7 cung cp h to sn phm Karens ( sn phm khng trng
men ). H d trong khu rt s c bm v hm 2 ti s dng. H t hm 2 c bm
qua sng v kh Fe, sau dn xung hm 3,4,5.
Cc sn phm h trong qu trnh nung men c cho vo my nghin bnh nghin nh
cho vo khu nguyn liu.
3.2.2. Khu rt - to hnh

Chia lm 4 khu vc rt chnh
rt th cng
rt bn th cng ( BCV )
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
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rt t ng ( my BMP )
rt interrdri
Chc nng khu rt : to sn phm th, chu trch nhim v hnh dng sn phm, cc yu
cu k thut, c tnh ca sn phm.
3.2.2.1 rt th cng
Sn phm:
-
Cu cao ct CCC
Cu cao di 4 (CCD4 ), CCD8, CCD10, CCD12, CCD14.
Cc loi thng nc v nm thng nc.
Cc loi chu ra mt
Bidet 1,2,3
Chn chu ra mt.
Cu cao 31
Cch tin hnh
1. V sinh khun
2. Lau nc khun
3. Tho bt talc cho khun
4. Rp khun
5. Xit co
6. Gn lon nha. Gn cy nm (ty yu cu tng sn phm mi gn)
7. Cp h vo khun
8. Lu h trong khun t 90 180 pht ( ty tnh trng thi tit )
9. Trong thi gian lu h khun, nu mc h rt xung th phi thm h vo
khun cho y.
10. Ra h d (ch qut sch h ng ).
11. Lu khun ch sn phm kh t
12. c l, ng m s theo du nh v trn khun
13. Ra sn phm. Khi sn phm t m thch hp th mi tin hnh rp
14. Hon thnh mc (l giai on sa cha v loi tr cc khuyt tt trn b
mt sn phm trc khi nung, bao gm sa t v sa kh).
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 18

Sa t :
Cc thao tc c tin hnh sau khi ly sn phm c ly ra khi khun hay mt phn
sn phm cn nm trong khun.Gm cc bc :
Khot cc l x, l cp nc, l lp ghp, l gn ph kin , phi ng chnh xc theo v tr
qui nh bi du c c sn trn khun hoc cc dng nh v.
Nn cc ch mp mo, x, vnh ( nu c ). Thao tc phi nh nhng, kho lo khng gy
h hng cho sn phm v vn m bo hnh dng sn phm.
Ct gt cc baria mi rp khun, co sa lm lng b mt sn phm. V qut h va gn cc
vt rn nt trn sn phm.
Rp dn cc b phn cu thnh sn phm ( nu c ). Thao tc cn thn chnh xc, h dn phi
c hn h rt. Cc b phn khi rp dn cn phi c m tng ng nhau Vt rp phi lin
lc v khp kn.
Lau nc loi b cc l mt trn b mt sn phm . i vi cc l rng cn p v bng
chnh phi liu h ri lau li cho bng phng. Lau sch cc m h, vt sc h, cc ln g ( nu
c ).
Sa kh :
i vi nhng sn phm t m 10 12 %, kh t nhin c th bng b c. Gm cc bc
sau :
Dng dao sa mc, bi nhi v mp m tip tc hon thin sn phm.
Dng mp m lu sch v lm lng b mt sn phm.
u - nhc im
u :
n gin, cng nhn khng cn tay ngh cao.
To c nhng sn phm phc tp, c tnh thm
Sn phm a dng v mu m.
Nhc im :
Cn nhiu nhn cng .
Nng sut thp.
Sn phm d b li ( bt kh )
3.2.2.2 Khu rt BCV
Sn phm : bn cu cao
c im :
Bn cht ca my BCV l theo nguyn tc th cng, nhng thao tc rp khun,
bm cp h th c t ng ha. Phng php ny c s dng khun thch
cao to hnh cho mc.
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
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Cc bc tin hnh : gm 3 khu : chun b khun, chun b h v rt
-
Chun b khun
Khun sy xong, tt bc t v qut gi. Nhn n iu khin ko mn sy .
Cun ln.
Kim tra tnh trng khun ( m, st m )
Dng sng phun thi cc lp bavia h bm trn b mt ghp v b mt tip
xc h, thi sch cc ng ng dn h trong khun.
Thng qua cc ng nha gn trn np khun.
Phun bt talc
Tt qut ht v dn khun.
Lp ghp khun.
Gn cc ng nha mn thng kh v np khun v kim tra cc van ca ng.
Chun b h :
H c ly t hm 6 gm cc bc:
Kim tra mc h trong bn cha.
Kim tra vic cp h cho my.
Kim tra bm, van, ng ng dn h.
rt :
M van thng vi binh chnh mc ( 900C ).
Bt cng tt cp h, cp kh sang v tr casting.
Ghi nhn thi im rt.n thi im, tho h d, tt van cp h ng van binh chnh mc (
0 C)
0
Bt cng tt kh sang v tr emptying.

Kim tra p lc khong 0.2 0.5 bar.
X h d trong 5 pht
Lm cng sn phm t 7 15 pht.
Tho khun
Sy khun - Hon thin mc
V sinh mc
u nhc im
u im:
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 20
Nng sut cao hn, sn phm c cht lng cao hn rt th cng

t tn nhn cng
Nhc im:
S chng loi sn phm b hn ch
3.2.2.3 rt bng my BMP 280
Sn phm: thng v np thng nc ca bn cu .
c im: H thng rt hon ton theo chng trnh ci sn t cu rt h, rt, x h d.
Ly sn phm bng tay.
Cch tin hnh:
Bt kha khi ng chng trnh rt t ng
Chung bo xong rt, nhn nt iu khin pittng kp khun nh ra. Khi hai m
khun u tin h ra, ng van kh trn na khun phi.
Tch sn phm bng tay.
Khi tch sn phm cui, nhn phm tt chng trnh t ng.
Tin hnh ra khun bng sng phun
Bt cha kha sang trng thai aut khi ng li chng trnh rt t ng.
Hon thin mc.
u nhc im
u im:
Nng sut cao
Sn phm c ng u v cht lng tt, n nh, t b h hng.
C th iu chnh chiu dy sn phm theo mun
Nhc im:
Mu m kh thay i
Thit b t tin
H thng iu khin kh phc tp i hi tay ngh v kinh nghim lu nm.
S c v cch khc phc:
Cong vnh sn phm: i hi thao tc nhanh
Sm mc: cn tng p sut kh nn
Nt mc: cn gim vn tc thi kh.
3.2.2.4 Khu rt Interdri
Sn phm:
Bn cu cao
Chu ra mt
Thng v np thng nc
Cch tin hnh rt: gm 4 bc c bn
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 21

Chun b khun:
Sy khun
V sinhh ng cp h v ng kh
V sinh khun
Phun bt talc khp b mt lm khun
Rp khun
Lp ng cp h v ng thng hi vo khun
Chun b h rt:
Kim tra h rt
Kim tra bm
rt:
M van cp h vo khun khong 1015 pht
Bt cng tc van cp h sang v tr t ng
M van cp h t bn cha xung bnh chnh h
Canh thi gian khong 5060 pht
Chuyn cng tc cp h t ng sang vi tr off
Dng van cp h t bnh chnh h xung ng ng phn phi chnh
X h d
Tho khun
Dng sng hi thi xung quanh sn phm
Ly sn phm ra
Hon thin mc
V sinh khun
u v nhc im: tng t my BPM
3.2.2.5 So snh gia cc khu rt
Ging nhau: u da vo nguyn l khun ly nc ca h liu
Khc nhau:
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 22

Loi
BMP280
BCV
Th cng
Interdri
ng cp kh
Khng
Khun
Plastic, ghp
Thch cao, ri
Thch cao, ghp
Thch cao, ghp
ng chn khng
khng
khng
khng
Sy
khng
dng hi nng
ca my sy gas
qut
dng hi nng
ca my sy gas
ng kh thi
ly sn phm
sng
dng tay
sng
c im
Cc s c thng gp trong qu trnh rt:

Sn phm b nho, b nt
B dy sn phm khng u
B mt sn phm b r
Cch khc phc s c:
Cn kim tra h trc khi rt
Thi gian h cn thit t 24 48 gi
3.2.3. Sy mc
3.2.3.1 Mc ch sy:
Loi nc ra khi sn phm mc sao cho nhanh nht m khng lm bin dng hoc nt,
v sn phm.
3.2.3.2. Cc thng s trong qu trnh sy:
m trc khi sy: u1 18%
m sau khi sy: u2 1%
Nhit sy: t = 90oC
Thi gian sy: 12h
Nng sut: 1000sp/m
Tc nhn sy: khng kh tri, khng kh nng hon lu trong bung sy v mt phn kh
chuyn t vng lm ngui ca l nung sang.
3.2.3.2. Tin hnh:

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 23

Sn phm sau khi rt c lm kh bng qut, sau cht ln cc xe kh t nhin,
cui cng c a vo bung sy sy mc.
3.2.4. Kim tra du v phun men

3.2.4.1.
Kim du:
Mc ch:
-
Pht hin v loi b sn phm b nt, v sau sy.
Sa cha cc vt try.
Thi bi v lau t b mt sn phm men bm dnh tt.
Cc bc tin hnh:
-
t sn phm ln bn xoay, dng hi thi sch bi, quan st ton din sn phm pht
hin cc sn phm h hng bng mt thng nhm loi b.
Dng c nhng du ha qut ln sn phm pht hin cc vt nt, x khng nhn thy
bng mt v loi b.
Nhng ch cn qut:
Tt c cc l c
Xung quanh vnh sn phm
Trong lng sn phm
Chn sn phm
Sa cha cc vt try nh.
Ghi ch m cc sn phm khng t.
Dng sng hi thi sch b mt sn phm kim tra ln na.
Dng mp thm nc lau sch sn phm.
3.2.4.2.
Phun men:
3.2.4.2.1.
To men:
3.2.4.2.1.1.
Nghin:
Nguyn liu trong bao sau khi cn c chuyn n h nghin bng xe ko tay ( ty thuc
mu men m cn b k thut quy trnh qui nh th t h nghin).
Chuyn ca np liu ca h nghin ln pha trn. C nh h nghin bng ming chem.

bnh rng chuyn ng.
Nhp liu vo h nghin bng tay.
Np nc vo h ( do phng k thut quy nh, thng th 800kg nguyn liu kh cho

vo 200l nc).
y np, sit cht bulong.
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 24

3.2.4.2.1.2.
Tho liu h nghin:
Quay h nghin cho np tho liu hng ln trn.
Thay np y ca tho liu bng van tho liu.
Quay h nghin van tho liu hng xung di.
M ca x h nghin, gn ng tho liu, vn hnh my bm tho liu.
ng van x kh h nghin, ng van kh nm my bm.
3.2.4.2.1.3.
men:
Men sau nghin c bm ln hm 2 ngy t ng nht, nng tnh do ca men.
Trong qu trnh , khuy nh chng lng men.
3.2.4.2.1.4.
iu chnh thng s men
Men thu hi cho qua sy, kh t, cho vo thng nh men.
Cho ha cht vo chnh men (CMC).
Khi lng ring: d = 1680 1720kg/m3
Thi gian chy ht 100ml qua cc Ford l 8 ht 10 12 pht.
nh men t 2 3h t c ng nht.
3.2.4.2.1.5.
Lc kh t:
Bt cng tt chy sn rung v nam chm in.
Bm men t thng nh men qua sng rung bng bm kh nn.
Men qua sng c kh t, chy va thng cha (300kg men).
Vn chuyn thng cha bng xe ko tay qua b phn phun men.
3.2.4.2.2.
Phun men:
3.2.4.2.2.1.
Cc thng s
Nng sut: 1200sp/ ngy
10 cng nhn s dng 3 tn men/ngy.
p lc bm men: 2 bar.
p lc kh nn: 4 4.5 bar.
3.2.4.2.2.2.
Thao tc tin hnh
t mc ln bn xoay.
Phun men thnh lp mng u ln mc.
Bung phun men c lp cc thanh chn thu hi men.
Kh trong bung men c ht xung bn lng men trc khi thi ra ngoi.
3.2.4.2.3.
Trng men
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 25

3.2.4.2.3.1.
Mc ch:
Vi mt s sn phm c ch kh phun men th ngi ta dng phng php trng men.

3.2.4.2.3.2.
Thao tc:
Chun b x, ca ly men.
Men trng c t pha men pha ch sn.
t mc ln bn xoay.
Dng mp m vt kh lau li b mt.
Trng men ln b mt bu, khong 30s cho ro b mt.
Nghing mc tho men d trong bu.
Dng mp kh chm men cn ng li trong bu.
Chm men ln cc l bt kh.
Lau sch bi bm v chuyn ln xe.
3.2.5. Nung sn phm:

S v sinh trc y c nung hai ln nhng hin ti ch nung mt ln sau khi trng
men. Nung mt ln l phng php p dng rng ri hin nay v gim c nng lng tiu hao
v thi gian nung.
Sn phm sau khi phun men xong kh khong 8h ri cho vo l nung. y l khu
quang trng nht trong dy chuyn sn xut v n nh hng ti cht lng v gi thnh sn
phm.
C 2 loi l nung c s dng l l gin on v l lin tc ( Tunnel). C hai l nung
u c iu khin t ng bng h thng my tnh. Do cc sn phm t ng u cao,
d kim sot qu trnh. Ngoi ra, l nung s dng gas lm nhin liu t nn va m bo cht
lng sn phm va gim ng k nhim mi trng do kh thi.
Tuy nhin, khu xp mc ln xe goong trc khi a sn phm vo l nung v bc d
sn phm ra khi xe goong sau khi nung vn c thc hin th cng nn cn nhiu cng nhn
lm vic.
3.2.5.1.
L nung gin on:
L gin on c nng sut thp, tiu tn nhiu nhin liu, ch nhit, khng kh c nh
theo thi gian, do thch hp dng nung li sn phm sau sa cha hoc cc sn phm c
bit, th nghim.
Cc thng s vn hnh c bn ca l gin on:
-
Gi tr nhit thp nht
:22000Kcal
p sut nhiu liu
: 1.5bar
Cng sut nhit cc i
: 3300KW
Nhit vn hnh
:1250oC
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 26

-
Nhit cc i
: 1300oC
Nng sut cc i
: 130kg sn phm/h
3.2.5.2.
L tunnel
Nng lng cao, ph phm t, cht lng sn phm cao.
C kh ha c khu a sn phm ra, vo l.
Cu to, nguyn l hot ng, cc thng s k thut xem phn 4.12
3.2.5.3.
Cc giai on ca qu trnh nung
3.2.5.3.1.
Giai on sy
T nhit thng n 200oC.

Mc sau khi trng men c m 2 -3% nn cn phi sy loi hon ton nc lin kt.
Giai on ny khng c phn ng ha hc xy ra, nhit c tng ln t t. Tc
nng nhit giai on ny l 85oC/h.
3.2.5.3.2.
Giai on t nng
Nhit t 200 950oC.

Nc ha hc bt u tch ra chm 250 300 oC. Khi nhit tng n 450 500 oC
th nc ha hc mi tch ra mnh do phn ng ha hc phn hy cao lanh.
T 200 500oC: gin n lin tc v nhit. T 500oC tr ln, sn phm bt u co li do
hin tng kt khi xy ra. Trong giai on ny c hydroxyt nhm, cacbonat v sunfat ca kim
loi kim, kim th b phn hy. MgCO3 phn hy thnh MgO v CO2 khi to > 500oC v phn hy
gn 1000 1100oC. 550oC CaCO3 bt u phn hy thnh CaO v CO 2 v chm dt 900
950oC.
c bit ch tc nng nhit trong khong 500 750oC v trong khong nhit ny
c s bin i th hnh ca SiO2 573oC :SiO2 chuyn t -thch anh (-quartz) sang -thch
anh km theo s thay i th tch lm bin dng sn phm. V vy cn khng ch nhit tng t
t. Tc nng nhit 120oC/h.
Phn ng ha hc xy ra khi nung Caolinit ( t st v cao lanh): mi trng oxi ha.
Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
Al2O3.2SiO2+
2H2O
(meta caolinte)
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 27
Al2O3.2SiO2 +
SiO2
(spinel)
Al2O3.2SiO2
(mullite)
3.2.5.3.3.
SiO2
(cristobalite)
Giai on hm nhit
Sn phm bt u st c mnh, ko theo gim xp v co rt mnh. Tt nht nn hm la

trong khong nhit ny. Qu trnh phn hy vt cht st cng nh chy ht cacbon tin hnh
mnh nht. Thi gian hm nhi t ph thu c st c, chiu dy sn phm, nhi t kt khi, cu
to l
Nc ha hc cng nh cc loi kh thi khc bao bc phn xng bn ngoi nhiu, cn
tr oxy i su vo bn trong xng t chy ht lng cacbon. Nu lng cacbon khng c
t chy ht trong giai on ny th xng khi kt khi s chy men, sn phm c xp cao, c
mu xanh ho c xm en ng thi b phng cc b . V v y trong giai on ny nn to mi
trng oxy ha mnh (810% O2, 1012% CO2).
3.2.5.3.4.
Giai on nung:
T 10501210C, mi trng oxi ha (i vi sn phm s v sinh)

Lm cho sn phm c cng cao. giai on ny cn thit cho Fe3+ chuyn thnh Fe2+
nm di dng phaialit (FeO.SiO2) nhm mc ch lm trng s.
3.2.5.3.5.
Giai on kt khi hon ton:
Cn khng ch kh trong mi trng ny l trung tnh. Tc nng nhi t thp gim

chnh l ch nhi t trong l v nhi t sn phm. Thc hi n bng cch tng la nung n
nhi t cao nht (giai on nung) ri hm nhi t nhi t thp hn nhi t kt khi
2030C. Cui giai on ny, sn phm co khng ng k, sn phm kt khi hon ton.
3.2.5.3.6.
Giai on lm ngu i:
Tc lm ngu i chng nhng nh hng n vi c pht trin cc tinh th pha rn m

cn lin quan n s xut hi n ng sut n i.
Trong sn phm cha pha thy tinh, pha lng khi h nhi t s chuyn t trng thi do
nht sang dn km theo co th tch ln, dy v phc tp. Trng hp pha rn c m t cc khong
c c tnh bin i th hnh mnh li t s lm thay i cu trc v th tch giai on chuyn
pha. Nu ch lm ngu i khng hp l th s cng nguy him hn.
Qu trnh lm ngu i sau khi nung lu nht khong nhi t 600530C ( 573C thch anh chuyn thnh -thch anh, 250200C -cristobalit chuyn thnh -cristobalit ). Do
cn lm ngu i ch m trnh to ng sut trong gy nt v sn phm.
3.2.5.4 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nung:
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
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-
Thnh phn ha hc ca nguyn li u.
Kch thc v thnh phn ht ca nguyn li u.
Nhi t nung cc i v thi gian lu.
Tc nng v gim nhi t .
Mi trng kh.
3.2.5.5 S c v cch khc phc:

S c: mt i n lm h hng sn phm.
- i vi l Tunnel, sn phm s b h giai on gia nhi t (vng C) v c th phn
u ca vng lm nng trc nung (vng D). Do khi mt i n khng cn lp mng
kh ca vo l nn kh nng t vng trc nung v nung l p tc trn sang vng gia
nhi t lm sn phm b sc nhi t gy nt, v.
- i vi l gin on, sn phm d b h 500700C v an ton khi nhi t trn
1000C.
Khc phc:
- Phi khi ng li l v n chy n nh (my t iu chnh) ho c k s can thi p
iu chnh thng s v n hnh l ri mi tip tc sn xut.
3.2.6. Kim tra sn phm sau nung.

mi khu u c cng on kim tra, v d kim du pht hi n vt nt trc khi
phun men. Kim tra sn phm sau nung l khu kim tra cui cng trc khi ng gi xut
xng.
Da vo nhng quy nh chung v tiu chun cht lng s v sinh, cng ty s Thin
Thanh c nhng tiu chun kim tra xp loi sn phm: loi A; sn phm sa v sn phm b.
3.3.6.1 Cc khi ni m
v b m t sn phm:
- B m t chnh: l b m t khi ng trc n cch khong 1m c th nhn thy khi sn
phm lp vo v tr s dng.
B m t ph: l b m t khi ng trc n cch khong 1m kh c th nhn thy khi
sn phm lp vo v tr s dng.
-
B m t khut: l b m t khng thy c khi sn phm lp vo v tr s dng.
3.3.6.2 Cc loi khuyt t t b m t ca sn phm:

-
Vt mu: c ch men khc mu sn phm theo thit k.
Loang mu: mu men ch m, ch nht.
Tp st: vt mu en nh nt rui.
Bi silic: vt c m bng v t li u khc l.
Co men: c ch trn sn phm khng ph men, l khuyt t t thng g p nht.
L mt: l nh n su vo xng.
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 29

-
L chn kim: l nh ch trn b m t men.
Bong men: men tch ra dng vy.
Cong vnh, bin dng.
Nt lnh: vt nt mnh, c cc mp sc cnh, xut hi n trong qu trnh lm lnh.
Mng men.
Dy men.
Gn sng (sn m c).
Men m.
Vt nt: r ng hn vt nt lnh v khng sc cnh, xut hi n trong qu trnh sy v
nung.
3.3.6.3 S lc quy trnh kim tra:
Sn phm s v sinh c trn m t bn gng g phng v nhn khi xoay v
l t, sn phm khng b xc, nt m.
-
Bn kim tra phn loi phi sng.
Khong cch t mt ngi n b m t cn quan st l 5060cm.
Kim tra sai l ch kch thc ca sn phm.
- Kim tra mu sc, men ca sn phm. Men phi phn b u khp b m t chnh ca
sn phm v c mu ng vi mu chun, khng c l xng cc ng g, cc cnh ca
sn phm.
Cc sn phm sa c:
- Li bt: dng khoan hi khoan cho l bt ln hn, trt m t hn hp xng men, ph
m t lp men ri em nung.
- Li m c: khoan rnh, trt m t hn hp xng men, ph men, nung.
- Li co: em i mi nhm, trt m t hn hp xng men, ph men, nung.
Cc sn phm sau khi sa c nung trong l gin on.
Cc sn phm khng sa c c p , nghin lm nguyn li u gy.
Cc sn phm t yu cu:
- Ghi nhn: mi sn phm trc khi xut xng u c dn nhn hng ha quy nh.
Tem ho c du hi u phn loi phm cp sn phm c t v tr d nhn thy ca
sn phm.
- ng gi: sn phm c ng gi trong bao b g ho c giy cacton ty theo chng
loi sn phm, c k, chn chc chn, m bo khng x dch, lung lay trong qu
trnh bc xp, v n chuyn.
- V n chuyn: c tin hnh bng cc phng ti n giao thng thng dng. Khi bc
d v v n chuyn phi p dng cc bi n php an ton chng va p.
- Bo qun: trong kho, xp ring theo tng chng loi sn phm v loi cht lng,
bo m trnh va p dn n try xt, m, nt, v.
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PHN 4: MY MC THIT B
4.1. My nghin bi
4.1.1 Cng dng
Nghin nguyn liu th t ti d mn ph hp vi yu cu k thut, trn u cc thnh
phn phi liu.
4.1.2. Chng loi, ni sn xut

y l loi my nghin bi thng ngn, chuyn ng quay v qu trnh nghin l nghin t.
Ni sn xut: i Loan, nm 1995 ( hai h nghin nh) v 2002 ( hai h nghin ln).
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
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4.1.3. Cu to
My nghin cu to gm thng rng hnh tr trn, c t trn cc gi . Bn trong
thng ng bi nghin v vt liu nghin. Thng nghin quay c l nh h thng truyn ng
bnh ai.
4.1.3.1. Thng nghin:
Cc kch thc hnh hc c trng:

- Thng nghin nh:
o ng knh: 3150mm.
o Di: 4240mm.
o dy ca lp vt liu lm thng l 10mm.
- Thng nghin ln:
o ng knh: 3660mm.
o Di: 5110mm.
o dy ca lp vt liu lm thng l 15mm.
- Thng nghin c lm bng thp. Bn trong thng c xy mt lp gch chu nhit
bng cao nhm. Mi thng c 2 v tr nhp liu v mt v tr tho liu bng trn thn
thng.
4.1.3.2. Bi nghin:
i nghin c lm bng cao nhm, mu trng, c ng knh t 20 60mm. Bi nghin
c nhp vo thng nghin c nhiu ng knh khc nhau, mc ch l tng din tch tip xc
gia bi v vt liu nghin, tng kh nng nghin. Ngoi bi cao nhm, nh my cn s dng si
bin.
4.1.3.3. H thng truyn ng ai
Thng nghin quay c l nh h thng ny.
Cu to gm:
Thng s
Loi
Nh sn xut
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Cng
Cc
in
S vn quay
rpm
Trang 32

sut
Motor
nh
Thng nh
Tecco 1993
10HP
220/380V 128/16A
975
Thng ln
Tecco 1993
20HP
380V 30A 50Hz
970
Motor
ln
Thng nh
Tecco 1993
100HP
380V 113A -50Hz
975
Thng ln
Tecco 1993
250HP
380V 345A 50Hz
970
B li hp: hiu ChenTa.

Dy ai: lm bng cao su, loi ai hnh thang.
4.1.4. C ch hot ng v nguyn tt vn hnh:

4.1.4.1. C ch hot ng:
Khi thng nghin quay, bn trong thng xy ra qu trnh nghin do s va p, ch xt gi
bi nghin v vt liu nghin.
4.1.4.2. Nguyn tt vn hnh
Khi ng ng c nh trc to trn quay cho thng nghin. ng c nh c tc
dng kch hot, to trn cho ng c chnh. ng c nh c lin kt vi trc ng c ln nh
b li hp v h thng dy ai. Khi thng nghin c trn, tt ng c nh, khi ng ng c
ln.
4.1.5. Cc thng s k thut ca qu trnh nghin:

My nghin nh
My nghin ln
S vng quay
14v/ph
12v/ph
Khi lng bi nghin
13.5 tn
Khi lng nguyn liu + m
13.6 tn
25 tn
Nc
3.6 m3
8 9m3
Thi gian nghin 1 m
5 6h
5 -6h
Kch thc nguyn liu vo
0.1 -3cm
0.1 3cm
Kch thc nguyn liu sau khi nghin
< 63m
< 63m
Cn li trn sng 63m t 2 2.5 %

Nhit ca h liu sau khi nghin
< 100oC
< 100oC
4.1.6. S c - khc phc:

V bi, t dy ai. Phi thay mi dy ai, thng xuyn bi trn trc, s dng ai tt
dn, ng thi hn.
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4.1.7. u nhc im:

u im: nng sut cao, hot ng n nh, sn phm c ng u cao.
Nhc im: tiu tn nng lng nhiu v lm vic n.
4.2. My nghin bnh :

4.2.1. Chc nng, chng loi, xut x:
Chc nng: nghin nh cc ph phm sau khi nung nhm tn dng ngun ph phm ca
nh my. Cc mnh nung c nghin nh c tc dng chng co trong qu trnh sy v nung.
Xut x: Trung Quc.
4.2.2. Cu to:
Kch thc hnh hc: cao 2985mm, di 5200mm,
rng 4800mm.
- Gm cc b phn:
2 bnh ng knh 1800mm.
Trc vt: cn 350 -270mm, di 200mm, gm

16 rng.
Trc trung gian: OD 800 OD 600
Chu nghin bng thp.
4.2.3. c ch hot ng
Khi bt cng tt m t in, h thng truyn ng ai s hot ng lm cho bnh rng
chuyn ng. Khi bnh rng quay s lm trc quay, khi 2 bnh s quay theo trc v nghin
sn phn li thnh cc ht nh, mn nh. Sn phm sau khi nghin c a qua sn 8 Mesh
nhm loi b ht th khng t tiu chun kch thc. Bi c ht ra ngoi v a vo bung
lng ngang x l.
4.2.4. cc thng s k thut ca my:

Motor (ng c) : 22KW, 190kg, 1450v/ph, 380V/41.9A
Vn tc quay trc bnh : 23v/ph
Nng sut ca my: 1.2 3 tn/h
T in: CB 75A, overload: 34 50A
Kch thc vt liu trc khi nghin: 60mm
Kch thc vt liu sau nghin: < 2mm
H thng ht bi gm motor v qut ht: CB10A
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4.2.5. Bo qun nh k:
Kim tra h thng in v h thng truyn ng.
Kim tra h thng vo v ra liu
Kim tra ton b h thng ( qut ht, mng nc)
4.2.6. S c v cch khc phc:

- H thng truyn ng b h ( t dy ai, v bi) lm cho bnh khng quay c.
V bnh rng, khc phc bng cch thay bnh rng mi.
Ca tho liu b nght, khc phc: ngng my, cng nhn v sinh ca tho liu.
4.3. My khuy h liu:

- Chc nng: khuy trn h liu.
- Cu to:
C 2 loi: 50m3 v 25m3, gm cc b phn sau:
Hm khuy
Cnh khuy
Motor khuy
Cm motor gim tc
Bng in t
Nguyn l hot ng
Khi bt cng tc khi ng, motor s truyn ng xung cnh khuy, bt u tng tc dn dn v
n nh khuy trn h liu.
- Cc s c v bin php khc phc
Bm h
Hp gim tc b o, rt
Hp s chy nht
Khc phc: thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng cnh khuy, motor, bm
4.4. My sn rung:
4.4.1. Chc nng, cu to v nguyn l hot ng:
4.4.1.1. Chc nng:
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 35

- Lc b tp cht cn cn d.
- To ra cc ht c kch thc tng gn nhau.
- Lc b tp cht Fe.
4.4.1.2 Cu to:
Gm 3 phn chnh:
Khung sn vi cc l rt nh ngn vt liu liu th khng i qua sng.
B phn dao ng lch tm lc cho sng hot ng rung.
Nam chm lc st.
4.4.1.3. nguyn l hot ng

My sng rung lm cho khung b lc mnh. Do ma st nn cc thnh phn nh tng s
chuyn ng chm hn. Cc ht c kch thc nh hn l sng s lt qua sng, cc ht c kch
thc ln hn l sng s nm li pha trn sng. Cc ht lt qua sng s chy ra ngoi, i qua nam
chm loi bt tp cht c t tnh. Phn ht cn trn sng dc b khi sng xong.
4.4.2. Cc thng s k thut
Xut s my sng: Italia, nm 1995
ng kinh: 1165mm
Chiu cao: 780mm
ng kinh l ra: 160mm
ng knh l sng:
Loi 1: 800 l/cm2
Loi 2: 600 l/cm2

Nng sut trung bnh: 850 kg/h
Cng sut: 1.2KW
4.4.3. S c v khc phc

Bt l sng so cc ht c kch thc ln che kn l sng, tp cht d cha loi b cn bm
li trn sng.
Khc phc: V Sinh sn thng xuyn.
B phn lch tm b hng.
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4.5. My nh ti mc hng:
4.5.1. Cng dng:
nh ti nhuyn ci sn phm rt khng t tiu chun sau khi kim du.
4.5.2. Chng loi, ni sn xut: Lin X ( 1990)

4.5.3. Cu to
Gm thng, ng c, cnh khuy.
4.5.3.1 Thng:
Hnh lng tr, tit din l hnh lc gic lm bng thp, dy 10mm, cao 2m, rng 1.6m,
th tch 5.3m3.
4.5.3.2 ng c:
Nhn hiu: Superline
Cng sut: 15KW
Cc: 6
Dng in: 50Hz 220V 50A
S vng quay: 975v/ph
4.5.3.3. Cnh khuy:

C 3 lp, mi lp c gn cc li ct hnh rng ca. Lp trn 3 li, hai lp di mi
lp 6 li. Cc li ct c t so le nhau.
4.5.4. C ch - nguyn tt vn hnh

4.5.4.1 C ch:
Li ct quay, to lm xoy li cun vt liu vo cnh khuy, li ct c gn so le
nhau v to thnh nhiu lp nhm nh ti vt liu.
4.5.4.2. Nguyn tt vn hnh:
Khi ng ng c, khi ng c hot ng n nh, ta tin hnh nhp liu vo lin tc,
tho liu gin on.
4.5.5. Cc thng s k thut ca qu trnh qu trnh.
Cng sut: 4.5KW
Thi gian nh ti: 3 4h
Nhit : 75 90oC
mn ca h liu: ~0.063mm
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4.5.6 u nhc im
u: thit b n gin, gn nh, d thc hin.
Nhc im: gy ting n, ng u ca h liu khng cao.
4.6. My rt BCV
4.6.1. Chc nng
rt bn cu cao. My do Italia sn xut nm 1995.
4.6.2. Cu to:
4.6.2.1. Khung rt:
Gm thn khun v li khun. Thn khun v li khun s n khp vi nhau. Khong
trng gia thn khun v li s tao hnh dng ca sn phm.
Thn khun v li khun c lm bng thch cao, c kich sthuowcs cu to ty thuc
vo tng loi sn phm rt.
Khun rt c tnh ht nc mnh, khng dnh h liu, ta b mt bng cho sn phm.
Mi my rt BCV c 80 khun c chia u lm 2 dy i xng nhau.
Thn khun t trn gi c th di chuyn qua li nh bnh xe khp vi thanh ray.
Li khun c treo ln, c th di chuyn ln xung.
4.6.2.2 bnh cha h liu:
Dng cp h rt cho tng khun thng qua h thng ng dn bng nha PVC. H
thng cp h liu gm ng ng chnh ( ln) chy dc theo chiu di ca my v cc ng nhnh
cp h vo tng khun.
4.6.2.3. Thit b cung cp kh nn:
Gm my nn kh v h thng ng dn kh. H thng ng kh c b tr tng t nh
ng cp h liu.
4.6.2.4. Thit b sy khun:
Khun c sy bng hi nng, nhit khong 50 55oC, cu to gm:

Qut thi: qut ly tm, cnh gung c gn trc tip vi ng c in c cng sut
15.5KW.
Bung t: gm qut thi kh cng sut 3KW v ng dn gas ni vi bec t.
ng dn hi nng: lm bng thp, c bc mt lp cch nhit bn ngoi, tit din ng

hnh ch nht. ng dn hi nng c chia ra thnh cc nhnh, t dc theo y khun.
Trn ng cc l thot hi t ngay di v tr mi khun. Trn ng c l thot hi t
ngay di v tr mi khun.
4.6.2.5. Thit b nn khun:

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C tc dng nn cc khun kht li vi nhau, c nh v tr khun, cu to gm trc ren,
ren v tay vn.
C ch: h liu c cp vo khun, qu trnh ht nc, trong h liu kh, cng, to hnh
dng sn phm.
Nguyn tt vn hnh:
Khun phi c sy kh trc khi tin hnh rt v sau khi rt xong.
Thn khun v li khun phi khp vi nhau hon v phi c sit cht.
4.6.3. Cc thng s k thut trong qu trnh rt.
Thi gian rt ty thuc vo thi tit, trung bnh khong 1.5h ( bui tra) v 7 8h
( bui ti)
Nng sut trung bnh: 80 sn phm/ ca
Nng lng tiu hao: 320000 kcal/h
p sut hi nng: 6mbar
p sut khi nn: 6bar

- Sn phm b nho khi tho khun c th do nhiu nguyn nhn: khun cha kh, h liu khng
t yu cu, thi gian ng cng khng , Do ty theo mc , s lng sn phm hng
m nh my c s iu chnh ph hp.
B mt sn phm b r do khi rt c kh lt vo trong h liu. Cch khc phc: tng p
sut kh nn y kh ra ngoi.
Chy n, trn h liu, x kh nn. Cch khc phc: gii quyt kp thi cc s c, cn trng
trong thao tc, thng xuyn kim tra my mc thit b.
4.7. My rt Interdri
4.7.1. Chc nng:
rt chu ra mt, thng nc, np thng v bn cu cao.
4.7.2. Cu to
My rt Interdri c cu to tng t my rt BCV gm:
Khung rt.
Bnh cp h liu
Thit b sy khun
Thit b cung cp kh nn.
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 39
Trc nn khun
rt Interdri v BCV khc nhau thit b sy khun.
4.7.3. Nguyn l hot ng

H c bm y vo b ti mc quy nh. Sau ngi ta chnh cng tc a h vo tt
c cc khun rt. H c gi cht trong khun do c kh nn bn trn. Trong khong 50
-60 pht , nc s b thm thu qua khun thch cao v to hnh dng bn ngoi cho sn phm.
Sau , bt u d khun ra ly v sy sn phm, ta c sn phm th.
4.7.4. Cc thng s ca my Interdri
Cng sut ng c: 159KW
Ni sn xut: Anh v Vit Nam
Qut chnh: s my MBCW 800, motor cng sut 30KW, 4 cc, 380V 3 pha/50HZ, tc
quay 780v/ph tomax= 120oC
Qut x: s my LCA500C, motor cng sut 18.5KW, 2 cc, 380V 3pha/50Hz, tc

quay 2900v/ph ( truyn ng trc tip), tomax=20oC.
Bec t: cng sut 44KW
4.7.5. S c - cch khc phc:

- Bc t b h. Khc phc: thay bc t.
- H qu nho hay qu c nn kh n khun. Cn kim tra h trc khi rt. Lu cn h
khong 24 48h trc khi rt.
- Xut hin nhiu vit r do c bt kh trn sn phm. Cn sy khun v ng x kh tht k.
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4.8. My BMP-280
4.8.1. Chc nng:
rt hon ton t ng theo chng trnh ci t sn.
4.8.2. Cu to
Ly in hnh my BMP 280 dng p lc trung bnh.
Nng sut xut: 1995, Italia
Kch thc hnh hc:

o Cao: 2710mm
o Di: 10995mm
o Rng: 1290mm
Sc nn ln nht: 190bar
Motor thy lc: 5.5KM
Bm chn khng: 5.5KW
Bnh cha kh nn v h trung gian

V = 200l
Plm vic = 6 bar ( Pthit k = 7.2 bar)
Bm mng cp h: 4KW
Tng cng sut in: 19.5KW
Nng sut 84sp/ca.
4.8.3 Nguyn l hot ng:

Chng trnh lm vic t ng bao gm cc bc sau:
Khp khun
Nc chy t h thng cp h
X nc, phun cho sch h thng cp h
y h vo khun
My lm vic p sut thp
My lm vic p sut cao
Gim p lc ca h thng cp h
Tho h d
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Lm sch ng ng cp h
Lm kh
Lm cng
Gim p lc
Gim p lc ca nc hi lu
Khun m v h thng cp thot nc
Ly sn phm
Khi bt cng tc khi ng chng trnh t ng, my s bt u chy theo tng thao tc
trn.
Nc s dng trong my BMP 280 c x l trc qua b phn x l nc (cng
hon ton t ng).
4.8.4 B phn x l nc cho my BMP 280:

4.8.4.1 Cu to :
B cha: kch thc 2500x2500x3000 mm
Lc (20 micron v 3 micron):u chu p lc 4 bar
Bm nc cp cho b phn lc: 4Hp
Bm cp nc cho vic ra ion: 4Hp
4.8.4.2 Chu trnh x l:
Nc lc (2 ci-20micron) trao i ion kh trng lc(1 ci 3micron)
bnh trao i nhit cung cp.
4.8.4.3 S c v cch khc phc :
- B phn t khng hot ng do van in t khng nhn c tn hiu phi thay van
in t hay v sinh v iu chnh li.
- Motour(ca bm cp nc cho my BMP b chy) qun li v thay th bng bm d
phng.
- Cc bin th b h phi thay mi.
- Hai con transitor rt ra khi b in t lm 2 motour bm nc 4KW khng hot ng
hn 2 con transitor li v tr c.
4.8.5 Bo dng my BMP:

-
Thng xuyn kim tra b lc nc.

V sinh t in v bng iu khin.
Bo dng my bm nc v v sinh dn gii nhit.
Thay cnh qut bm nc
Thay bc n motour
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4.9. Cn nh lng:
4.9.1 Chc nng:
Cn nguyn liu theo toa ca phng th nghim a vo my nghin bi.
4.9.2 Thng s k thut:

Ni sn xut : i Loan
Nm : 2002
Cng sut : 15Hp
Nng sut : 8 tn
Cao : 3075mm
Rng : 1820mm
Tc tho liu : 8 tn/5pht ty theo tnh trng nguyn liu.
4.9.3 Nguyn l hot ng:

- Nguyn liu c np vo ca nhp liu khi t n khi lng cn cn th chung s
bo. Sau bt cng tc cho chy bng ti trong cn v bng ti nhp liu vo my nghin bi.
-Nguyn liu theo bng ti trong cn di chuyn qua my chm ri qua ca tho liu, theo
bng ti ln nhp liu vo my nghin bi.
4.9.4 S c v cch khc phc:

-H, gy cnh chm ca cnhn hoc mua li ci mi
-Cc mc xch trong bng ti b h.
-H quay cnh chm.
4.10. My nghin men:

4.10.1 Cu to:
-Thng nghin: hnh tr, kn hai u, gia thn thng c hai l trn ng trc ng knh khc
nhau. Hai l ny l ni nhp liu v tho liu ca thng nghin.Thnh thng c lm bng thp,
bn trong c lt cao nhm
-Motor: lm quay thng nghin, to s va p.
-Bi nghin: hnh cu,vi 3 kch thc khc nhau.
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4.10.2 Cc thng s k thut:

ng knh thng nghin: = 1513 mm.
ng knh l nhp liu: = 350 mm
Khong cch t trc n mt n: h = 1260 mm
Chiu di thit b: l = 2060 mm
Chiu rng thit b: b = 2250 mm
Th tch thng nghin: V = 2500 l
S vng quay ca thng: n = 22 v/ph
Cng sut ca motor: P = 15 HP
S vng quay ca motor: n = 1460 v/ph
ng knh bi nghin:1 = 40 mm,2 = 50 mm(ch yu),3 = 60 mm
4.10.3 Nguyn l vn hnh:

My nghin bi thu loi my nghin mn m s nghin xy ra l do s va p v ch xt
ca cc vin bi vi vt liu em nghin.Thng c bng mt trc nm ngang v quay xung
quanh trc ny.Trong thng cha cc vin bi (vt nghin).Khi thng quay,cc vt nghin c
nng ln n mt cao no ri ri hoc trt xung.Vt liu em nghin c np vo bng
tay qua ca np,tho ra bng van x lp vo ca x.Vt liu nghin cng chuyn ng vi vt
nghin v s nghin xy ra do s va p ch xt v p.
My nghin bi nghin men hot ng gin on v qu trnh nghin l nghin t.
4.10.4 S c v cch khc phc

- Gin dy ai ; khc phc : thay dy ai mi nh k
- H hp s, h motor: cch khc phc : thng xuyn kim tra nh k v tra du m.
4.10.5 u - nhc im
- u im : Nng sut cao, sn phm rt mn, va nghin va trn, cu to n gin, d s
dng ,an ton v c th iu chnh c mc nghin.
- Nhc im : tiu th nhiu nng lng v lm vic rt n.
4.11 Bung sy
4.11.1 Cu to
Bung sy l mt bung hnh hp ch nht, bn trong c 12 xiclon, tc nhn sy c un
nng bng gas.
Kch thc :
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 44

Chiu cao : 2910mm
Chiu di : 14570mm
Chiu rng : 11548mm

Xut x : Anh
Nm sn xut : 1995
Loi : bung sy thermic
Nng sut : 1000 sn phm/m
Cng sut ;
Motor qut thi : 12 ci x 3.6 KW
Motor hp gim tc : 0.09 KW
Motor qut ht : 4 KW
Motor qut thi chnh : 11 KW
Motor qut gi t : 0.37 KW
Motor qut my bm nc : 0.9 KW

Loi dy Curoa qut : 439
Loi m dng : thermatex EP
Lng gas dng: 35m /10h ~ 77kg/10h
4.11.2 Nguyn l vn hnh

- Tc nhn sy gm : kh tri, kh hon lu t bung sy, kh nng t b phn lm ngui ca
l nung c ha trn v t nng trong bung t. Sau qut s y kh qua ng ng
vo bung sy. Kh trong bung sy mt phn c hon lu, mt phn c ht thi ra
ngoi.
- Trong ng dn kh nng cn c h thng phun sng iu chnh m cho tc nhn sy : 12
cyclone c nhim v o trn v phn tn u khng kh trong bung sy. Trn mi cyclone
c ng c lm quay cyclone v cnh qut quay theo chiu ngc li to dng xoy kh, tng
s xo trn.
- Qu trnh xy ra trong thit b sy:
Cc sn phm s v sinh trong nh my c sy theo phng php sy m. Ban u sn
phm c gia nhit trong mi trng, qu trnh sy xy ra. Nc bay hi khng lm nt v
sn phm.
4.12. L tunnel
4.12.1. Vai tr Chc nng Nguyn tc vn hnh
- ng vai tr quan trng nht quyt nh cht lng ca thnh phm.
Hng cung cp : Sacmi ( Italy)
Chng loi : STK-260/63,58
S hiu : 227115
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 45

Nm sn xut : 2002
- L nung ny c thit k dnh ring cho sn phm s v sinh.
- L c thit k dnh hm di, hot ng lin tc. Sn phm c xp ln nhng chic xe
ni tip nhau vo l ( xe goong). Khi xe i t u ny n u kia ca l, sn phm
xong mt qu trnh nung, chuyn t mc trng men sang thnh phm a i kim tra
v xut xng.
- Qu trnh c iu khin t ng thng qua h thng iu khin in t, k c h thng
t ng a sn phm vo v ra khi l.
- Nhng yu t chnh cn quan tm :
Tc xe sn phm di chuyn trong l nh hng n thi gian lu sn phm trong l.
Nhit trong l: Lng nhit cung cp nh hng n nhit trong l v lin quan n
sn phm.
- Bng cch kt hp v iu chnh ph hp nhng yu t ny, ngi vn hnh xy dng
c ch nung ( ng cong nhit ) ph hp cho tng sn phm.
4.12.2. Cu to :
4.12.2.1. Cu to chung cc thng s k thut
Kch thc hnh hc :
- L :
Di : 73,2 ( tnh c vng sy )
Rng : khong 3,04m
Cao : khong 4m ( khng tnh ng khi ln tri )
Chiu di vng l t : 63,58m
Chiu di vng sy : 8,4m
Khong cch vng sy v vng l t : 1,2m
- C 34 Modun, trong c 4 modun sy. Mi modun di khong 2,1m. Lp tip xc gia
2 modun dy 2cm.
- S bc t : 62
- S xe goong : 52 xe
- ng knh ng hon lu khng kh nng : 0,95m
Thng s k thut :
in p : 373 V
Cng dng in : 136A
p sut nhin liu : 1,5 bar
Nhit cao nht trong l : 1300 C
Nhin liu t : LPG
Lng gas tiu th : 3000 kg/ ngy
Cc xe gong xp lin tip vi nhau. C 26 pht c 1 xe ra khi l. Thi gian lu 1 xe
trong l l : 26 x52 = 1352 = 22,5 gi
Cng sut in tng cng : 111 kW
Cng sut nhit : 2520 kW
Nng sut : 1350 sp/24 gi
Hiu sut : 85% ( ph phm khong 15% )
Khi qut v cc zone ( vng)
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 46

L c chia lm 7 vng ( 7 zone) c chc nng v c tnh cu trc khc nhau. Mi vng li
c to thnh t cc modun.
Vng sy ( zone A ) c 4 modun ( khng nh s th t ).
Vng to mng kh ( zone B ) : 1 modun (1)
Vng gia nhit ( zone C ) : 3 modun ( 2-4 )
Vng lm nng trc nung v nung :
- vng lm nng : 4 modun ( 5-8 )
- vng trc nung : 6 modun (9-14 )
- vng nung : 4 modun ( 15-18 )
Vng lm ngui nhanh ( zone E ) : 3 modun (19-21 )
Vng lm ngui chm ( zone F ) : 5 modun (22-26 )
Vng lm ngui cui cng ( zone G ) : 4 modun ( 2730 )
G
Xung quanh l trong phm vi cch l 1 m l vng nguy him. Ngoi vng nguy him l khu
vc lm vic ca cng nhn v trm iu khin.
d/. Cc h thng chnh cu to nn l :
Kt cu l ( khung, vt liu lm thnh l )
H thng xe gong
H thng t H thng thi kh cho bc t
H thng tun hon kh nng cho vng sy
H thng ht kh thi
H thng thi kh to mng
H thng thi kh lm ngui
H thng in
Trm iu khin
My vi tnh
4.12.2.2. Cu to v chc nng ca tng vng trong l
Tt c cc modun lun bao gm :
Thnh, v l
Lp vt liu chu la, cch nhit trn mi ( nc l) v tng
ng ray cho xe gong di chuyn
Vn che ph l c lm bng nhng tm thp sn mu
Nhng l hng lp t ng ng ( vd : ng dn gas, dn kh, ng khi)
Rnh cha ct gi nhit pha di xe gong
a/. Vng sy ( zone A )
Chng loi : SFD 260/8,4
Nhit trong vng ny l : 80 110 C
Nhit u vo ca vt liu : 50 60 C
m u vo ca vt liu < 3%
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 47

Cng sut in : 11 kW
Cng sut nhit cc i : 230 kW
Tch hon ton nc lin kt ra khi vt liu
Nhit c cung cp t khng kh nng hon lu (200-300 C) trn vi mt phn kh
nng m ht t vng sy v khng kh t ngoi vo qua b phn lc v qut. Hn hp kh
nng ny cn c th qua b phn t gia nhit n nhit yu cu. Mt phn hi m tch
ra c ht v x qua ng khi.
Vng sy c xy khng tip xc vi cc vng cn li khc ca l.
b/. Vng to mng kh ca vo ( zone B)
Ch gm mt modun. Mng kh c to ra gip ngn khng cho kh nng trn ra khi
ming l v kh lnh trn vo l.
Mng kh c to ra bng cch thi kh qua cc ng phun vi vn tc ln ( tit din ming
ng nh ). Cc ng phun li nhn kh mt t ng ng chnh.
Nhit : 100 250 C
c/. Vng gia nhit ( zone C )
Nhng modun trong vng kh ny ht kh nng c to ra t vng trc nung v nung
( zone D ) gia nhit t cho sn phm.
Nhit : 300 430 C
Kh nng sau khi mang hi m v cc kh thi sinh ra t phn ng l ha c ht ra
ngoi qua h thng ng ht v cc ng khi.
Cc ng ng ht c b tr trn mi l v 2 bn tng.
d/ Vng lm nng trc nung v nung(zone D):
Tng v mi l lm bng vt liu chu la,cch nhit,chu c nhit cao.Cu to tng:
(1)
1)
2)
3)
4)
(2)
(3) (4)
Gch chu la
Bng gm
Bng p
V kim loi(thp)
nhng ch tip xc,chn bng gm.Bng gm (thnh phn ch yu l Al 2O3) chu nhit tt hn
bng p.
Lm nng:
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 48

Nhit :500-9000 C
Gia nhit sn phm sn sng cho qu trnh nung.Phi khng ch nhit tng t t.
Nhit c cung cp bi bc t gn y modun,pha di b mt chu lc ca xe
gong (sn cha sn phm).C 2 bc t / 1 modun (mi bn 1 ci ).
Pha trn modun ( 2 bn tng ) c b tr ng thi kh thay v bc t to ra mng
kh chng phn tng nhit (do kh nng th c khuynh hng ln trn ).
Mc ch:tr han s chy men,m cn li s tch ra v c phn ng l-ha hc (phn ng
chy ) sinh ra mt s loi kh trong qu trnh ny.
Trc nung:
Nhit :980-11800 C (a ln n nhit nung)
C 4 bc t / 1 modun (mi bn 4 ci )
Nung:
Nhit :12100 C ( gi tr cc i ) c lu t 45-50 pht.
C 8 bec t / 1 modun ( mi bn 4 ci )
e/ Vng lm ngui nhanh (zone E)
-Khng c bc t m thay vo l ng thi kh lm ngui.Kh c ly t khng kh ngai vo
( nhit phng ) qua thit b lc (khung c vi lc lm bng len ).
-Khng kh nng c ht ra ngai bi qut ht c t vng lm ngui cui ( Zone G) sau
c b sung cho zone sy (vng A) v l sy bung.
-Thnh,vch ca modun dng cng vt liu vi vng trc nung (zone D)
-Nhit :1200-6700 C
-ng thi kh mt cb tr 2 bn tng v c trn nc l.
f/ Vng lm ngui chm-t nhin (zone F)
-Khng c bc t hay ng thi kh.
-Nhit :670-5000 C
-Vt liu ch to vch ca modun vng ny khc so vi vng trc.C 3 lp:trong cng l lp
gch, gia l lp bng gm v ngai cng l v kim lai.
-Nhit sn phm c h t t khng dn n s khc bit nhit gia nhng im trn
sn phm, trnh to ng sut c hc nguy him c thy lm sn phm b rn,nt,v.
g/ Vng lm ngui cui (zone G)
-Trong nhng modun ny,nhit tip tc h xung v y l giai an kt thc qu trnh lm
ngui sn phm.
-Khng c bc t, c ng thi kh.
-Nhit :500-1000 C
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 49

-Thnh,v l ca vng ny ging vi vng F.Vt liu cch nhit trn mi v tng l bng gm
v bng (len) p cng.
-Thi kh mt t 2 bn tng v thi kh nng t nc l.
-Ht kh nng bng nhng ng ln c ming loe nh phu chp.Lng kh that ra c iu
chnh bng nhng tm ngn ( dng l xp ) trn tit din ng.Khng kh nng ny c han lu
v vng sy ca l v bung sy mc.Nhit ca kh ra khi l khang 3000 C.
-Mc ch thu hi nhit:Tn dng ngun nng,sch nhm tit kim nhin liu,gim chi ph linh
kin,vt t, in nng, lao ng bo dng cc thit b to nhit...
-ng thi kh mt c b tr trn,di xen k 2 bn tng.Lng khng kh cung cp c
iu chnh bng cc tm ngn nh cc van.
-Van cng t ng ca ra:Van cng nn kh c lp t ca ra ca modun cui.N to mng
kh trnh khng kh nng trn v ming l.Mng ngn c to ra bng cch thi mt qua cac
ming ng phun vi tc cao.
4.12.2.3. H thng ng ng.
Vic cp kh qua cc ng thi ti ming vo v ra nhm to mng chn ngn nhit hoc
kh thi that ra ngai.
Khng kh cn c dn vo bc t ha trn vi gas to hn kh t.
Khng kh c thi vo cc modun lm ngui lm ngui sn phm sau khi nung.
Khng kh nng vng nung c han lu tr li vng sy.
Kh thy v khng kh b lm nng vng sy,gia nhit c ht thi ra ngai.
Vic ht v thi kh c thc hin thng qua h thng qut v ng a dng.
Nhiu lai tm chn v van c lp t trn ng ng l lai iu khin t ng hoc
bng tay.
S b tr h thng qut v ng ng:
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 50
Vt liu ch to ng: thp cacbon c sn mu;nu lm bng thp khng g, nhm th khng
sn.
ng xanh:cha khng kh nhit phng.
ng vng:cha gas
ng mu nhm( mu trng bc ):cha khng kh nng hoc kh thi nng.
a/ H thng phn phi kh ca vo:
-t u zone B ngn khng cho lung kh nng ra khi l.
-Gm mt qut ht khng kh t mi trng ( c qua lc ) a vo h thng phn phi kh chnh
v h thng phn phi kh ph thi kh to mng chn.
-Trn tit din ng c tm chn iu chnh lung kh.
b/ H thng phn phi khng kh chng phn tng (zone C-D)
-H thng thi kh mt vo vng gia nhit v trc nung qua cc l trn nc modun.ng thi kh
c gn 1 kha iu khin bng tay.
-Do nhit trong l cao nn khng kh va ra khi ng thi vo l lp tc b nung nng
ngt,dn n nhanh to s hn lan rt mnh lm nhit trong vng ny u hn,trnh chnh lch
nhit qu ln cc v tr trn sn phm hoc nhit tng,gim cc b.
-H thng gm 2 thnh phn:
Mt qut ht kh ngai mi trng (qua lc ) da vo h thng phn phi.Tm chn dng iu
tit khng kh.
H thng cp kh ph thi kh vo cc ng nhnh hai bn modun.
c/ H thng ht kh thi ( vng C ):
-c t trong vng C ht kh nng thi ra an trc khi nung.ng thi,lng kh
nng ny cng gia nhit t t cho sn phm.
-H thng gm:
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 51
Cc ng ht t trong tng v trn nc ca cc modun C ni vi h thng ht chnh.

Mt qut gn vo ng chnh ht kh ra ngai, mt qut d phng khi qut chnh gp s
c th l vn hat ng.
Tm chn iu khin bng tay t gia ng kh v qut.Ngai ra, c 1 van bm iu
khin bng ng c t ming ht ca qut,1 cm bin p sut gip theo di p sut kh
ti bng iu khin.
d/ H thng phn phi khng kh:

H thng ny cung cp khng kh cho bc t ha trn vi gas to hn hp kh t.Bao gm:
Mt qut ht khng kh t ngai vo c qua lc.
H thng ng chnh v ph dn khng kh ti bc t.
Van bm iu chnh p sut khng kh.
Mt cng tc gii hn khang p sut lm vic ca qut.
ng h o v cm bin p sut gip theo gii p sut khng kh.
e/ H thng thi lhng kh lm ngui: vng lm ngui nhanh v vng lm ngui cui ( zone
E-G ).Gm:qut,ng ng,tm chn,van bm c gn cp nhit in.
f/ H thng thi kh lm mt xe gong:
-t vng trc nung, nung v lm ngui nhanh (zone D-E) kh nng khng ra ngai, khng
kh mt xung quanh cng khng i vo qua khe h gia sn di xe gong v vch ca modun.
Nhng ng 2 bn l c an ung cong gn st mt t c tc dng thi kh vi tc cao qua
nhng l nh to thnh mng kh pha di xe gong.
g/ H thng to mng kh ca ra:
-Trnh kh nng trn khi l.
-Cu to:tng t nh ca vo.
4.12.2.4.H thng qut:
IDF (Inlet pneumatic Door Fan ):qut thi kh to mng chn ca vo.
Cng sut:4 kW
Lu lng kh:3000m3/h
p lc:300 mm ct nc
DTF (Destratification Fan ):qut chng phn tng
Qut ht kh t ngai vo cp cho cc ng thi kh 2 bn thnh ca cc modun 3,5,6,7,8.
Cng sut:11kW
Lu lng kh:5500 m3/h
p lc:420mm ct nc
FSF (Fume Suction Fan ):qut ht hi m,kh thi
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 52

-Hi nng cha m v cc kh,tp cht to ra do phn ng chy vng trc nung v nung c
qut ht thi b.ng thi,trn ng i dng hi nng ny cn gip gia nhit cc sn phm t
ngai vo.
Cng sut:22 kW
Lu lng kh:26000 m3/h
p lc:200 mm ct nc
CAF (Combusion Air Fan ):qut cp kh cho s chy ( bc t)
Cng sut:9 kW
Lu lng kh:4000m3/h
p lc:550 mm ct nc.
RCF (Rapid Cooling Fan ):qut thi kh lm ngui nhanh
Cng sut:7,5kW
Lu lng kh:4500 m3/h
p lc:420 mm ct nc
FCF (Final Cooling Fan ):qut thi kh lm ngui cui cng
Cng sut:15kW
p lc:200 mm ct nc
HSF (Hot air Suction Fan ):qut ht kh nng;mt phn han lu thu hi nhit,cn li thi.
Cng sut:22kW
p lc:140mm ct nc.
CPF (Cars labyrinth Prssuristion Fan ):qut lm mt xe O 1.
HEF (Humid air Ejector Fan ):qut ht hi m ca vng sy
Cng sut:22kW
Lu lng kh: 7000m3/h
HRF (Hot air Recirculation Fan):qut thi kh nng han lu vo vng sy
Cng sut: 11KW
ODF (Outlet pneumatic Door Fan ):qut to mng kh ca ra
Cng sut:4kW
Lu lng kh:3000 m3/h
p lc:300 mm ct nc
4.12.2.5.Bc t
-Bc t dng trong l nung l lai bc t tc cao.
-Hn hp gas v kh c t chy bng nh la in.
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 53

-Nhin liu:LPG (50% propan -50% butan )
-T l:1m3 gas:27,37 m3 khng kh
-Hp iu khin t ng iu khin ngn la thng qua mt in cc t trong ng phun la.
-La phun ra cc bc t khng c chm vo sn phm v phi hp l to s khuyy trn
nhit trong l,t lm tng hiu s dng nhit v tit kim nng lng.
4.12.2.6.Xe gong
-Sn phm c xp ln xe v di chuyn trong l.H thng xe gong c lp t thun li cho
vic iu khin,bo dng xe v vn hnh l.
-C 52 xe gong ni tip nhau trong l:45 xe trong vng l t,6 xe trong vng sy,1 xe gia 2
vng.
-Kch thc mi xe:
Di:2,455 m (ngang vi chiu rng ca l )
Rng:1,39 m
Cao (tnh t mt t n sn sn phm ):1,1m
Chiu cao hu ch (chiu cao ca sn phm trn xe ):0,8m
-S sn phm trung bnh trn xe:20 sp
-Trng lng trung bnh ca 1 sn phm:15kg/sp
-Vt liu ch to:thanh SiC,gch chu la,bng tm...
- y l c b tr mt ng ray bng thp v c h thng iu khin cho php xe gong
chuyn ng lin tc v t ng.Tuy nhin vic bc dthc sn phm t xe vn c thc hin
th cng.B rng ng ray:1,73m
-C h thng thi kh lm mt xe gong.
4.12.2.7.H thng in v thit b phc v cho l nung:
a/ Nhng ng day chnh ca h thng in:
-ng dy cung cp nng lng n b phn t nng kh,bc t,m t qut.
-ng dy cung cp in p thp cho van solenit ( ca h thng cp gas chnh,bec t,...)
-Dy dn truyn t thit b in ( ng h o, cp nhit in,...) v trm iu khin.
b/ Mt s thit b khc cn cho hat ng ca l:
-Cp nhit in:
Lai S (Pt-Rh-Pt):chu c nhit n 17600 C.S lng: 14 ci.
Lai K (Ni-Cr-Ni ):chu c nhit n 13700 C.S lng 8 ci.
-Nhit k
-B phn o p sut trong l
-B phn phn tch khng kh:hm lng O2 trong khng kh l iu chnh h thng t.
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 54

c/ iu kin vn hnh s dng in an tan:
-Nhit khng kh xung quanh di 350 C
-Nng bi trong mi trng phi di 5 mg/m3 v m tng i phi nh hn 85%
-Chnh lch in p cc i cho php gia cc pha trong 3 pha cung cp:10%
-Bin i tn s cc i cho php:1%
-Phi c dy ni t vi tr khng 5 Ohm.
4.12.2.8.Trm iu khin:
-Bao gm bng iu khin vi mn hnh hin th,cc n bo,cng tc,..., h iu khin
PLC,PID,my tnh,...
-H thng iu khin l t ng nhng ngivn hnh vn c th can thip trong trng hp cn
thit.

Mt in:Qut thi kh ca vo khng hat ng,khng kh nng t vng nung lp tc trn
sang vng gia nhit (zone C v u zone D; khang nhit 500-700 0 C ) lm sn phm b sc
nhit,sn phm vng ny s h hngPhi khi ng li l v cho n chy n nh mi tip
tc sn xut.H thng t iu chnh,hoc k s can thip iu chnh thng s vn hnh l.
Khi ng c qut b qu ti,nhit tng cao th R-le t ng ngt in.
Khi kh thi khng c rt ra,n bo sngngi vn hnh n cng tc tng p sut
ht khng kh.
Khi khng kh tri cung cp cho bec tm cng tc tng p sut ht kh.
Hn hp kh bec t khng chykim tra cng tc iu khin tng bc t.
Khi p sut gas gam,n bo sngiu khin van ng ng gas chnh.
GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n
Trang 55

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Trng H Bch Khoa Tp.

H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

Lch s thnh lp v pht trin a im xy dng.........................................................5

Th trng tiu th:.....................................................................................................6

Thnh tch cao nht:...................................................................................................7

S T CHC NHN S:.........................................................................................8

NI QUY AN TON V SINH LAO NG:.................................................................9

i vi ngi lao ng:...........................................................................................10

Phng chy cha chy:.............................................................................................10

PHN 2: DY CHUYN CNG NGH.....................................................................................12

CC C TNH CHT LNG CA S V SINH:.................................................13

Cc tnh cht c, l, ha, nhit:................................................................................13

Cht lng b mt:...................................................................................................13

Cc c tnh cht lng ca s VSXD:....................................................................14

NGUYN LIU SN XUT.........................................................................................14

Nguyn liu xng...................................................................................................14

Nguyn liu men.......................................................................................................16

Cc dng nng lng s dng v tin nghi h tr sn xut.............................................16

PHN 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH (QTCN)...........................................................................17

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH...............................................................17

Kim tra du v phun men........................................................................................24

Kim tra sn phm sau nung....................................................................................29

PHN 4: MY MC THIT B...................................................................................................32

Chng loi, ni sn xut: Lin X ( 1990)..............................................................37

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

4.9.1 Chc nng:.....................................................................................................................43

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

PHN 1: TNG QUAN NH MY S THIN THANH

Cng ty c thnh lp nm 1953, sau nm 1975 Nh Nc tip qun v c phn ha

Nm 1986 cng ty c u t thm thit b v cng ngh: 15.000-20.000 sn phm/

Nm 1989 cng ty pht trin mnh hn, t 100.000 sn phm/ nm.

Nm 1996, cng ty tip tc u t c s v tng lng sn phm/nm n 300.000.

Nm 2004, u t thm c s Bnh Dng, t 400.000-500.000 sn phm/ nm.

Tr s chnh: 59 Ng Tt T, Qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM.

Nh my sn xut: ng D2 khu cng nghip Bnh Chun, Bnh Dng.

1.1.2. Thin Thanh l mt trong nhng nh sn xut kinh doanh thit b v

Trn 30 b chu ra mt v chn chu.

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

1.1.3. Th trng tiu th:

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

1.1.4. Thnh tch cao nht:

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

1.3. S T CHC NHN S:

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

1.4. NI QUY AN TON V SINH LAO NG:

1.4.1. Quy nh chung:

Phi mang y trang phc bo h lao ng khi lm vic.

Gi gn v trong khu vc lm vic ca mnh v trong phm vi ca Cng ty.

Mi thit b, dng c, phng tin lm vic u c trang b y v m bo an ton

Ch tuyn dng nhng ngi lao ng c sc khe v c nng lc lm vic.

Trang b v b tr y , hp l cc phng tin, dng c PCCC.

GVHD: Nguyn S Xun n

Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc

1.4.2. i vi ngi lao ng:

1.4.3. Nhng iu cm: