Power System Simulator (PSS) Ahmed Fayez 199905252 Mohammed Adnan 199901444 Khalid Yousif 199900237 Salman Al katheeri 199900317 Presentation Layout SCADA Introduction SCADA Hardware RTU PSS Wiring SCADA Software ISaGraF Citect DNP Future Work Demonstration
Introduction Introduction (What Is SCADA?) Stands for supervisory control And data acquisition. SCADA systems are used in industrial processes: steel making, power generation (conventional and nuclear) and distribution. There Are 4 Components In the SCADA System. SCADA Components Field Instrumentation. Sensors, devices to control. Remote Terminal Units. RTU Vs. PLC Communications Network. Equipment needed to transfer data to and from different sites Central Monitoring Station Collecting information gathered by the remote stations to generate the necessary action Disadvantages Of Relay Systems Relays used only for on/off control. Complicated control systems Expensive System. System takes up much floor and space. Control relays are power- hungry, heat generation. Any change in control program requires the rewiring of relays. For complicated control systems, it is difficult to troubleshoot and locate the faults.
Advantages Of SCADA systems Easily programmed or reprogrammed Easy maintained (self diagnostic). Capability to do arithmetic function. The ability to communicate with other controller or a master host computer. PLCs. were able to move past simple on/off control to more complex schemes as PID control.
Applications Of SCADA Almost every business in the manufacturing sector and many in the service sector Aerospace Bottling and Canning Chemicals Plants Petroleum, Petrochemical
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) PDS eNET OVERVIEW DIGITAL / ANALOG INPUTS 32 x Digital Inputs 9-28V DC Operation range LED Indication (Disable Option) Optically Isolated (1500V peak)
12 x Analog Inputs 0-5V,1-5V,0-10V,0-20mA, 4-20mA (selectable per channel) Surge Protection
4 x Analog Outputs Internal / External power supply Source 0-20mA, 4-20mA (Voltage output with external resistor) Short circuit protected
NET OVERVIEW e RTU PDS DIGITAL / ANALOG OUTPUTS RTU Scan Time
Power System Simulator Power System Simulator ( PSS): The objective of the PSS is to simulate a real power system. Power system should be divide in to three sections , the generator station, transmission line and load ( distribution section ).
PSS Parts
1- Generator Stations: The generator station contains two internal generators and a third external generator. Separately excited synchronous generator is the type of the machine which used in PSS. The DC motor in PSS is used as prime mover. The DC motor in PSS is Shunt DC motor type.
2- Transmission lines: It is represented by wires that are different in shape and size. The size and shape is depended on the level voltages and the load.
3- The loads: As in the real power system, the PSS has three type of load: Residential. Commercial . Industrial. The difference between these come from values of : - Load. - Power consumption. - Power factor for each type. Also the difference rises in the peak load timing for each type.
Sensors In the industry field is now using computers to control and motions and sequences of machines. PLC cannot see, hear, feel or tester processes by themselves but use industrial sensors to give industrial controllers these capabilities. In our project the Sensors are used as feedback to PLC from PSS to enhance the system performance.
Sensors There were different types of sensor that will be used like Voltage sensor, current sensor, frequency sensor and power sensor.
Current sensor have rating of 0 5 A. Voltage sensor has a rating of 0 - 150 V. Frequency sensor, it has a rating of 0 -100Hz. Power sensor, it has rating of 0- 5 A and 0 150 v. The outputs from all sensors which going to RTU were 4 20 mA. It is used this rating to sense any problem in system .
Wiring Wiring Auxiliary Switch RTU Output Port Input Port Relay1(External) Common 12V 0V Internal Relay 0V Common Transistor Switch 12V R1 220V Start 0 V From RTU Power Supply 12 V + 0 0 + COM 1 2 3 4 5 Com 1 2 3 4 220 V T.B Control Circuit
A B C Coil 1 Ax 1 A B C Coil 2 Ax 2 ON N Off 3 Phase Motor
M COM IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 RTU 12 V ISaGRAF ISaGRAF The Citect Interface The DNP The DNP Future Plans Future Plans Stand by generator. Adding generator 2 to the system. Power factor correction. Load scheduling. Improving the previous SCADA program.
Stand by generator
The whole system will be supplied by the main supplying unit. A simulated fault will be applied on the system. During that generator 1 will be on a stand by mode. When the fault occur the main supplying unit will be disconnected from the loads by using circuit breakers and generator 1 will be supplying the whole system instead. All of this process will be done Automatically by the program. Adding generator 2 Generator 2 will be connected to the system using frequency and current sensors. Generator 2 will be also controlled by the program which will be installed on the RTU. Generator 2 will be as a back up if generator 1 didnt work properly.
Back Up generator
Power factor correction Capacitor banks are used to correct the power factor.. The value of the capacitance will depend on the value of the load. Capacitor banks will inject reactive power into the system. The reactive power will decrease the current in the circuit reduce the losses in the transmission lines.
Load Scheduling There are two types of loads: Resistive load and active load.
1. The resistive load are two types: Critical: supplying vital instruments &machines . Non-critical: Ex: lighting gardens.
2. The active load: Simulated By a resistor and inductance in series.
Load Scheduling When the system suffers from overload on the generator the program disconnect the non-critical loads immediately. Thus in the program all of the loads will be identified so that the program can do this process Automatically. Improving the SCADA program Some blocks will be added to increase the speed of analyses process. This process will be applied on the LADDER program. The Graphical Interface will be enhanced. This process will be applied on Citect.
Thanks for Listening Now, well make a demo for our work..