!

"

# $% &'( )* +
,-. /0 1 2 3 3 45 - 6
7878 9:;<=>?@A 8
BC DEFGD HI JKJFILMJN CJ ONIP HIC QIRDN STI UDV WJ VGHD FDLEJHJ HI CD
JCMDX YZ[\]^_[`a VIRJCb FDcD KNGcIN HIdIN IC HI FTVMDHGJN FDL VTcJ eGOGf
CJLFGJ IC HIKbVGMD HI CJ VJLMJ gI ILMNIOJHD hJ CJ iVKDVJjX MJLMD gNILMI J CJV
LDeIHJHIV KNDgJLJV HIC CILOTJkI FDcD J CJV FDLMNJHGFFGDLIV HI TLJ gJCVJ FGILf
FGJl mGINMJcILMI STI LD WJ WJdGHD nKDFJ IL CJ STI LD WJPJ VGHD LIFIVJNGJ
IVMJ eGOGCJLFGJ HIC KJVMDN VTKNIcD KTIV LTLFJ WJL gJCMJHDX KDN GLVMGOJFGbL HIC
ILIcGOD HIC OnLIND WTcJLDX opqrstu vwt txutyzx {p|}s~xzu tstsuzu |ozs
z}zxtu {t xpt{z{tu ut{w|}pstu qt}~{pu tx t tssps vwt zsszu}szx oz|~z
t tsspsl IND HIdIcDV NIFDLDFIN STI IL IVMDV CMGcDV MGIcKDV IC LcIND HI
CDV ILIcGODV HI CJ FNT HI ^_[`a WJ JTcILMJHD ILDNcIcILMI PX TMGCGJLHD
MnFLGFJV JdVDCTMJcILMI LTIeJV P JVMTMJVX VI IVgTINJL KDN JODMJN CJV ILINOJV
eGMJCIV HI CJ OCIVGJ P WJVMJ STINNJL HIVMNTGN IC NIGLD HI ^_[`a VG IVMD gTINJ
KDVGdCIl DN IVD LD KDHIcDV KINcJLIFIN FJCCJHDV KDN cV MGIcKD LD eJPJ J
VIN STI HIcDV CJ GcKNIVGbL HI IVMJN gJCMJLHD JC cV VJFNDVJLMD HI LTIVMNDV
HIdINIV P CJ FDcKNILVGbLX STI WJVMJ JWDNJ WIcDV MILGHD IVKINJLHD eIN TLJ
NIFMGEFJFGbLX VIJ GLMINKNIMJHJ FDcD TL JdJLHDLD HI UTIVMND DEFGDl
788 ; ; @ 8
iC cDMGeD KNGLFGKJC KDN IC STI LD KDHIcDV HIkJN KJVJN cV MGIcKD IV STI PJ
LD IV LIFIVJNGD dTVFJN J CDV gJdNGFJLMIV HI INNDNIV ILMNI CDV ILIcGODV JdGINMDV



VGLD STIX FDL ONJLHI P JLOTVMGDVD HDCDNX CDV eIcDV GLMNDHTFGHDV IL IC VILD
cGVcD HI CJ OCIVGJ P VDL KDN ICCD MJLMD cV KICGONDVDV FTJLMD STI VDL cV
HGgFGCIV HI HIVFTdNGNl UDV NIgINGcDVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX J MJLMDV VIOCJNIV PX
CD STI IV cV CJVMGcDVDX J MJLMDV VJFINHDMIV STI FDL TL gJCVD JcDN J CJ OCIVGJX
VGL LGLOL VbCGHD gTLHJcILMD ECDVbEFD LG MIDCbOGFDX GLFCTVD GcKNIOLJHDV HI
HDFMNGLJV ILeILILJHJV STI GLDFTCJL WJVMJ CJ cnHTCJ HI CDV WTIVDV HI CJ OCIVGJX
VI JCJL FDcD NIgDNcJHDNIV FDL TLJ JdVDCTMJ gJCMJ HI WTcGCHJH FDcD IknNFGMD
FDcKJFMD JNNIcIMIL FDLMNJ CD cV VJLMD STI WJP IL CJ DdNJ HI ^_[`a P LG
VGSTGINJ NIVKIMJL CJ KINVDLJ HIC HGeGLD IHILMDN J STGIL FDL VJFNCIOJ DVJHJ
NIHTFIL J CJ FJMIODNJ HI KTND P VGcKCI WDcdNIl
B MDHDV ICCDV CDV GLFCTGcDV ILMNI CDV ILIcGODV JL FTJLHD ICCDV cGVcDV VI
JVDcdNILl IND HIkJLHD JKJNMI VTV GLMILFGDLIVX STI VbCD _a[ KTIHI kTOJNX
LJHGI STI FDLDFJ VTV HDFMNGLJV P VT cDHD HI WJdCJN P HI JFMTJN KDHN If
MNJRJNVI HI CD STI HIFGcDVl LD IJOINJNJ STGIL CDV GLFCTPIVI ILMNI CDV KIDNIV
JHeINVJNGDV HI CJ OCIVGJ KTIVX FDcD WIcDV HGFWDX LD KDN gTINJ VGLD HIVHI IC
cGVcD GLMINGDN HI CJ OCIVGJ CCIeJL J FJdD VT KINeINVJ JFMGeGHJHl DN IVD IC
KICGOND VI ILFTILMNJ cIMGHD IL CJV eILJV P IL CJV ILMNJRJV HI CJ OCIVGJ FDL
cTFWJ cJPDN IEFJFGJ HJRGLJ KTIVMD STI FDLDFIL MJL LMGcJcILMI J CJ OCIVGJl
B MDHD IVMD VI JRJHI STI LD JMJFJL CJV NJcJV D CDV NIMDRDV VGLD CJV NJFIV
cGVcJV HI CJ gI P VTV cV KNDgTLHJV EdNJVl TLJ eI HJRJHJ IVMJ NJ HI
GLcDNMJCGHJH GLMILMJL KNDKJOJN IC eGNTV KDN MDHD IC NdDC HI MJC cJLINJ STI
LD WJP JVKIFMD HI CJ eINHJH FJMbCGFJ IL HDLHI LD KDLOJL VT cJLD P STI LD
MNJMIL HI FDNNDcKINl icKCIJL MJCIV MFMGFJV KJNJ WJFIN HJRD STI LD VI ILf
FTILMNJL DMNJV cV cJCeJHJV LG cV GLVGHGDVJVX VDL TLJ cIFCJ HI NJFGDLJCGVMJ
P FJMbCGFD MJL WdGCcILMI KNIVILMJHJ STI FDL gJFGCGHJH ILOJRJL J CDV GLFJTMDV
P VDL WJVMJ MJC KTLMD DVJHDV STI LD WJP FDLVIFTILFGJ STI CIV HIMILOJ D STI
LD cJLMILOJL FDL ENcI DdVMGLJFGbLl BHIcV VTICIL CCIeJN TLJ eGHJ CCILJ HI
JFMGeGHJH FDL ONJL HIHGFJFGbL JC IVMTHGD P TLJV FDVMTcdNIV GLMJFWJdCIV STI
CIV JMNJI CJ IVMGcJ HI MDHDVX CD FTJC IV cTP JHIFTJHD KJNJ ILOJRJNCIVl IND CD
STI WJFI KILVJN STI LD MGILI NIcIHGD IV STI MGILIL IC IVKNGMT MJL JdVDNdGHD
KDN VTV HDFMNGLJV STI LD JHcGMIL LGLOTLJ JTMDNGHJH LG JFIKMJL LGLOL gNILD
PX FDcD DdNJL FDL FDLFGILFGJ INNbLIJX FNIIL STI IV FICD KDN CJ eINHJH CD STI
IL NIJCGHJH VbCD IV IgIFMD HI CJ VDdINdGJ P HI CJ DdFIFJFGbLl JdJcDV IVKINJf
HD FDLVIOTGN STI JCOL HJ IVMDV WDcdNIV NIFMGEFJNJL VT FDLHTFMJ JHDKMJLHD
KNGcIND TLJ JFMGMTH GLHTCOILMIX FDcD WGkDV UTIVMNDV STI VDL HIVKTnV VGILf
HD cV VIeINDV P KDN CMGcDX JL FDLMNJ LTIVMNDV HIVIDVX WIcDV MILGHD STI
NIKNILHINCIV KdCGFJcILMIl QJdnGV dGILX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX STI MDHD WJ VGf
HD GLMGCX VI VDcIMJL TL cDcILMD KJNJ eDCeIN J CIeJLMJN CJ FJdIJ cV CCILDV
HI VDdINdGJl QG VI MNJMJVI VbCD HI ICCDV STG WJVMJ KDHNJcDV KJVJN MDHD IVMD
KDN JCMDX KIND VI MNJMJ HIC KNIVMGOGD P HI CJ MNJLSTGCGHJH HI CJ NICGOGbL FJMbCGFJl
DN MJLMDX IV KNIFGVD GLMINNTcKGN TL VGCILFGD STI VINJ FNGcGLJC KNDCDLOJN P
JNNJLFJN CJ cVFJNJ HI IVMDV WDcdNIV KJNJ cDVMNJNCDV JLMI CJ OCIVGJ ILMINJ


MJC P FDcD VDLl

# $% &'( )*
1 0 3. /4- 1 0
0 1 /- 4. 6
mDcD CDV cDHINLGVMJV IVMI IV IC LDcdNI STI FDL NJbL VI CIV H TMGCGJL
CJ MFMGFJ GLVGHGDVJ HI LD IKDLIN VTV HDFMNGLJV DNOLGFJcILMI IVMNTFMTNJHJV
VGLD HIVJNMGFTCJHJV KJNJ STI KJNIFJL GLFDLIJV P KDFD FDLFNIMJVX FTJLHD IL
NIJCGHJH VDL ENcIV P FDLVGVMILMIVX CD KNGcIND STI WJP STI WJFIN IV KNIVILMJN
IVJV HDFMNGLJV IL VT FDLkTLMD VIRJCJLHD CDV CJDV STI CJV TLIL P J FDLMGLTJFGbL
HIMINcGLJN CJV FJTVJV HI CDV INNDNIV I GLHGFJN CDV NIcIHGDV JHIFTJHDV KJNJ
JMJkJN IC cJCl
JNJ KNDFIHIN DNHILJHJcILMI IL cJMINGJ MJL FDcKCIkJ WJP STI IcKIJN
JHeGNMGILHD STI FJHJ cDHINLGVMJ IV FDcD CJ VLMIVGV HI eJNGDV KINVDLJkIV IC
ECbVDgDX IC FNIPILMIX IC MIbCDODX IC WGVMDNGJHDNX IC FNMGFDX IC JKDCDOGVMJ P IC NIf
gDNcJHDNl mDLeGILI GN HGVMGLOTGILHD TLD KDN TLD J MDHDV IVMDV KINVDLJkIV VG
VI STGINI FDLDFIN dGIL VT VGVMIcJ P CCIOJN WJVMJ CDV KNGLFGKGDV HI VTV HDFMNGLJV
P FJCGdNJN VTV FDLVIFTILFGJVl
878 A = A;: @AA8

mDcILJLHD KDN IC ECbVDgDX CDV cDHINLGVMJV MDcJL FDcD KTLMD HI KJNMGHJ
CJ HDFMNGLJ ECDVbEFJ CCJcJHJ zxpu}~|~uqp
J NJbL WTcJLJ IVM NIFCTGHJ IL IC cdGMD HI CDV txqtxpu IV
HIFGNX IL CJ JKJNGILFGJ STI KNIVILMJL CJV FDVJV P IL CJV gDNcJV HI
IVJ JKJNGILFGJl iC WDcdNI LD MGILI LG HINIFWD LG gJFTCMJHIV KJNJ

MNJVKJVJN CDV CcGMIV HI IVJ JKJNGILFGJX IL FDLVIFTILFGJX IV GLFJf
KJ HI ICIeJNVI WJVMJ _a[ P HI FDLDFIN VT IGVMILFGJ J MNJenV HI
CJV FDVJV STI VI eILl I ICCD NIVTCMJ STI _a[ LD KTIHI VINX HI
LGLOL cDHDX DdkIMD HGNIFMD HI CJ FGILFGJ P STI _a[ LD KTIHIX IL
JdVDCTMDX VIN VTkIMD WGVMbNGFDl

mDL IVMDV KNIVTKTIVMDV FTJCSTGINJ KTIHI JHeINMGN STn IV CD STI STIHJ HI CJ

}tppz xz}wsz HI CDV qp}~pu {t |st{~r~~{z{ P HI CJ sttz|~x t}tsxz MDHD
IVMD STIHJ dJNNGHD KDN CDV cDHINLGVMJV P CD NIHTFIL J TL ~x}tt|}wz~uqp STI
VIOL ICCDV
TIeI J NGVJ P IV TL VGVMIcJ cTINMD WJFI PJ MGIcKDl
UG VGSTGINJ CDV HIMGILI IC WIFWD HI STI CJ OCIVGJ PJ WJ FDLHILJHD FDL MDHJ
FCJNGHJH IVMDV cDLVMNTDVDV INNDNIVl iC mDLFGCGD JMGFJLD HIFNIMb ~ zw~tx
{~ tst vwt ~pu wxp ts{z{tsp stz{ps typs xwtu}sp xp wt{t uts |pxp
|~{p |px |ts}tz ps z w {t z szx xz}wsz {t opqrst z }szu {t zu |puzu
|stz{zu utz zxz}tqzl OTJCcILMI ~ zw~tx {~ tst vwt xp tu pu~rt p vwt
xp tu |pxtx~tx}t vwt t opqrst qt{~zx}t z sttz|~x {~~xz utz ~xu}sw~{p
z|ts|z {t ~pu {t |w}p vwt ut t {trt utz zxz}tqzl JHIcV ~ zw~tx
{~ tst vwt z sttz|~x {~~xz xp wt{t tzsut z |zrp ps qt{~p {t u~xpu
t}tsxpu vwt ps |pxu~w~tx}t pu opqrstu up ut {trtx qpts oz|~z z
t ps wxz tts~tx|~z ~x}tsxz ~x{~~{wz p ps wxz ~xu~sz|~x s~z{z utz
zxz}tqzl
UJHGI KDHNJ VJdIN IL eGNMTH HI STn NJDLJcGILMD CDV cDHINLGVMJV KJVJL
HIC zxpu}~|~uqp STI LD IV cV STI GOLDNJLFGJX JC z}tuqp FGILMEFD I WGVMbNGFD
STI IV TLJ KTNJ LIOJFGbLl IL FDLVIFTILFGJ KDN cIHGD HI STn NJFGDFGLGDX HIVHI
GOLDNJN VG _a[ WJ GLMINeILGHD D LD IL CJ WGVMDNGJ HIC OnLIND WTcJLDX eJL J
KJNJN IL TLJ IKCGFJFGbL HI IVJ WGVMDNGJ JC cJNOIL HI _a[ FDcD VG NIJCcILMI
_a[ LD WTdGINJ GLMINeILGHDl DV cDHINLGVMJV HJL KDN VILMJHD STI
J FGILFGJ P CJ WGVMDNGJ HIdIL VIN JMIJV IL IC cdGMD HI TLJ P DMNJ
VbCD WJP CTOJN KJNJ txqtxpu _a[ P CD HGeGLD IVML IFCTGHDVl
V JHICJLMI eINIcDV CJV FDLVIFTILFGJV J CJV STI IVMJ HDFMNGLJ JdVTNHJ H
DNGOIL IL CD STI VI NIEINI J CJ KINVDLJ VJONJHJ HI ^_[`a J CDV cGVMINGDV HI
VT eGHJ P HI VT cTINMIX J VT NIVTNNIFFGbL P J VT JVFILFGbL J CDV FGICDVl

  

  

  



iVMI zxpu}~|~uqp LD IV cV STI IC JVKIFMD LIOJMGeD HI CJ HDFMNGLJ cDf
HINLGVMJX IC JVKIFMD KDVGMGeD CD DgNIFI CJ CCJcJHJ ~xqzxtx|~z ~}z iC KJVD HIC
TLD JC DMND VI CCIeJ J FJdD HIC VGOTGILMI cDHD
mDcD FTJCSTGIN DMND WIFWD CJ NICGOGbLX VIJ LJMTNJC D VDdNILJMTNJCX
HIdI MILIN TLJ IKCGFJFGbLl TIVMD STI VI NIFWJJ CJ MIDCDOJ LJf
MTNJC LD VI JHcGMIL CDV cDMGeDV HI FNIHGdGCGHJH FDcD FJcGLD WJFGJ
CJ NIeICJFGbL P MJcKDFD VI JFIKMJ LGLOTLJ NIeICJFGbL IMINLJ CJ
IKCGFJFGbLX KTIVX LD KDHN ILFDLMNJNVI gTINJ HIC WDcdNI IV IL IC
GLMINGDN HIC KNDKGD WDcdNI IL HDLHI WJP STI dTVFJNCJl IND FDcD CJ
NICGOGbL IV TLJ gDNcJ HI eGHJX CJ IKCGFJFGbL IVMJN IFCTVGeJcILMI
IL CJ cGVcJ eGHJ HIC WDcdNIl DN IVMI FJcGLD VI CCIOJ J IVMJdCIFIN
IC KNGLFGKGD HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z st~~puz igIFMGeJcILMIX IC KNGcIN
cDeGcGILMD HI MDHD gILbcILD eGMJC fCJ NICGOGbL KDN IkIcKCDf JNNJLf
FJ HI TLJ FGINMJ GLHGOILFGJ D HI TL FGINMD GcKTCVD FTPJ KNGcINJ
IKNIVGbL IV IVI cDeGcGILMD HIC FDNJbL STI CCJcJcDV utx}~q~tx}p
TIVMD STI IC DdkIMD HI CJ NICGOGbL IV _a[ CJ FDLFCTVGbL VI GcKDLI
CJ gIX STI IV KNGLFGKGD P gTLHJcILMD HI MDHJ NICGOGbLX NIVGHI IL
TL VILMGcGILMD LMGcD STI dNDMJ J FJTVJ HI CJ GLHGOILFGJ HI CD
HGeGLDl DN DMNJ KJNMI IVMJ GLHGOILFGJX STI LD VI WJFI VILMGN VGLD
IL HIMINcGLJHJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV gJeDNJdCIVX KINMILIFI IL NIJCGHJH
JC cdGMD HI CJ FDLFGILFGJ IL TL KNGcIN cDcILMD IVM CJMILMI
IL IC gDLHD HI CJ FDLFGILFGJ fIL CD STI CJ ECDVDgJ cDHINLJ CCJcJ
uwr|px|~tx|~zf HDLHI MGILI WIFWJHJ VT NJ IVFDLHGHJ I GLJFFIVGdCIl


BWDNJ WJdNJ STI KNIOTLMJN FbcD IVMJ GLHGOILFGJ HI CD HGeGLDX JC VIN VILMGHJ
KDN IC WDcdNIX VI FDLeGINMI IL NICGOGbLl B IVMD CDV cDHINLGVMJV NIVKDLHIL
J FGILFGJ P CJ WGVMDNGJ IVML FINFJHJV ILMNI HDV CcGMIVX TLD If
MINLD STI IV IC cTLHD eGVGdCI P DMND GLMINLD STI IV CJ FDLFGILFGJl
mTJLHD CJ FGILFGJ P CJ WGVMDNGJ CCIOJL J IVMDV CcGMIV PJ LD KTIHIL
HJN TL KJVD KTIV cV JCC IVM CD ~x|pxpu|~rt mDCDFJHJ gNILMI J
IVMI ~x|pxpu|~rt fPJ VIJ STI IVMn gTINJ HIC WDcdNIX cV JCC HI
CJ LJMTNJCIJ eGVGdCI PJ VIJ STI IVMn IL CD KNDgTLHD HI CJ uwr|px
|~tx|~zf CJ GLHGOILFGJ HI CD HGeGLDX VGL LGLOL kTGFGD KNIeGDX hP IVMD
IV {tuqpj VTVFGMJ TL KIFTCGJN utx}~q~tx}p IL IC IVKNGMT GLFCGLJf
HD J CJ NICGOGbLl iVMI VILMGcGILMD CCIeJ IL V CJ stz~{z{ HI _a[
MJLMD DdkIMD FDcD FJTVJ HI IVI cGVcD VILMGcGILMD P JHIcV TLIX
IL FGINMD cDHDX JC WDcdNI FDL _a[



B IVMI utx}~q~tx}p CDV cDHINLGVMJV CD CCJcJL gI P IV KJNJ ICCDV IC KNGLFGKGD HI
CJ NICGOGbLl


IND LD JFJdJ IL IVMD CJ ECDVDgJ DX cV IJFMJcILMIX IC HICGNGD HI CDV
cDHINLGVMJVl UD VI CGcGMJL J CDFJCGJN CJ gI IL IVMI utx}~q~tx}p VGLD STI JENcJL
STI FDL CJ gI P IL CJ gIX MJC FDcD ICCDV CJ ILMGILHILX MGILI CTOJN CJ sttz|~x
Tn cV VI KTIHI KIHGN KJNJ CJ NIeICJFGbL UD IV PJ NIeICJFGbL
fD JC cILDV TL GLGFGD HI NIeICJFGbLf IVI utx}~q~tx}p NICGOGDVD STI
dNDMJ IL CJ FDLFGILFGJ DN STn LD KTIHI VIN _a[ cGVcD STGIL VI
cJLGEIVMJ JC JCcJ fJTLSTI HI TL cDHD FDLgTVDf IL IVI utx}~q~tx}p
NICGOGDVD
JL JRJHIL
mDcD _a[ IV JC cGVcD MGIcKD DdkIMD P FJTVJ HI CJ gIX IVJ NIeIf
CJFGbL VI NIEINI J _a[ P HI _a[ KNDFIHI MGILI J _a[ FDcD
NIeICJHDN P FDcD NIeICJHDl
I JSTX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX CJ JdVTNHJ JENcJFGbL HI CDV cDHINLGVMJV
DHJ NICGOGbL IV JC cGVcD MGIcKD LJMTNJC P VDdNILJMTNJCX VIOL VI
cGNIl
I JST STI FDLFGILFGJ P NIeICJFGbL eILOJL J VIN CJ cGVcJ FDVJ HI JST IC STI
VI FDLVMGMTPJ J CJ |px|~tx|~z st~~puz FDcD NIOCJ TLGeINVJC ISTGeJCILMI J CJ
NIeICJFGbL J CJ STI VI WJL HI VDcIMIN MDHDVX GLFCTVD CJ VTKNIcJ JTMDNGHJH HI
CJ OCIVGJX MJLMD IL VT cGVGbL HI ILVIRJN FDcD IL CJ HI CIOGVCJN VDdNI CD VJONJHD
D CD HGVFGKCGLJNl

iL MDHD IVMI KNDFIVD STI VIOL CDV cDHINLGVMJV HJ DNGOIL J CJ gI P J CJ
NIeICJFGbL WJP STI KNIVMJN KJNMGFTCJN JMILFGbL J TL KTLMD HI ONJL GcKDNMJLFGJ
KDN CJV FDLVIFTILFGJV J STI HJ CTOJNl QIOL ICCDV
D ~x|pxpu|~rt LD VI KNIVILMJ J CJ gI FDcD JCOD JGVCJHD D VGLf
OTCJN VGLD STI IVM LMGcJcILMI CGOJHD J JCOL gILbcILD STIX
KINMILIFGILHD JC FJcKD HI CJ FGILFGJ D HI CJ WGVMDNGJX HI JCOL cDHD
VI IVFJKJ HI ICCJV KDNSTI KTIHI VIN IVMI gILbcILD TL WIFWD LJMTf
NJC STI ILFGINNI JCOL cGVMINGD D KTIHI VIN TL WDcdNI FTPD cDHD
HI VINX FTPDV WIFWDV D KJCJdNJV LD KTIHJL IKCGFJNVI KDN CJV CIPIV





FDcTLIV HI CJ WGVMDNGJl iLMDLFIV CJ gIX JMNJHJ KDN CD ~x|pxpu|~rt
STI eJ TLGHD JC gILbcILDX JdNJJ JC gILbcILD ILMIND P IL FGINMD
cDHD CI FDcTLGFJ VT KNDKGJ eGHJl I IVMD NIVTCMJL HDV FDLVIFTILf
FGJV KNGcINDX TLJ IVKIFGI HI }szxu wsz|~x HIC gILbcILD IC FTJC
IV ICIeJHD KDN ILFGcJ HI VTV KNDKGJV FJNJFMINVMGFJV HI cJLINJ STI
VI WJFI cJMINGJ JKMJ KJNJ NIeIVMGN CJ gDNcJ HI CD HGeGLD STI CJ gI
CI eJ J KNDKDNFGDLJN VIOTLHDX CD STI VI KDHNJ CCJcJN FDcD TLJ
{tu wsz|~x HIC gILbcILD PJ STI CJ gI CI HJ JCOD STI NIJCcILMI LD
MGILI JC VTVMNJINCD J CJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV HI CTOJN P HI MGIcKDX IVMD
DFTNNI IL IVKIFGJC FTJLHD VI MNJMJ HI gILbcILDV DFTNNGHDV PJ WJFI
MGIcKD P MJLMD cV FTJLMD cV JLMGOTDV VIJLl
DV cDHINLGVMJV VJFJL HI MDHD IVMD HDV NIOCJV STIXkTLMD FDL CJ PJ DdMILGHJ HIC
zxpu}~|~uqp gDNcJL FDcD CDV KGCJNIV HI CJ FNMGFJ WGVMbNGFJl JNJ IKDLINCD
FDL cJPDN FCJNGHJH MDcIcDV TL IkIcKCD STI VI NIEINJ J CJ KINVDLJ HI ^_[`a
iL CJ KINVDLJ HI ^_[`a CJ FGILFGJ P CJ WGVMDNGJ LD eIL cV STI J
TL WDcdNI CTIODX IL eGNMTH HI CJ KNGcINJ NIOCJ VJFJHJ HIC zxpu}~
|~uqp WJP STI ICGcGLJN HI VT WGVMDNGJ CD STI JKJNIFJ FDcD HGeGLDl
QIOL CJ VIOTLHJ NIOCJ CJ KINVDLJ HI ^_[`a WJ VGHD }szxu wsz{z
KDN CJ gI CTIODX WJP STI MJcdGnL ICGcGLJN HI ICCJ MDHD JSTICCD STI
CJ ICIeJ KDN ILFGcJ HI CJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV WGVMbNGFJVl DN CMGcD CJ
NIOCJ MINFINJ LDV HIVFTdNI STI CJ KINVDLJ HI ^_[`a WJ VGHD {tu
wsz{z KDN CJ gI CTIODX WJP STI CGdINJNCJ HI CDV HGFWDVX WIFWDV PX
IL TLJ KJCJdNJX HI MDHD CD STI LD FDNNIVKDLHI J VT cILMJCGHJHX
IVMJHDX IHTFJFGbLX CTOJN P MGIcKD IL STI eGeGbl
iV nVMJ TLJ cJLINJ FGINMJcILMI IMNJRJ HI NJDLJNX KIND JV IV CJ FNMGFJ HI
CDV cDHINLGVMJVl
BV KTIV IC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup STI KDN CJ ~xqzxtx|~z ~}z VTNOI
HIVHI CJ KNDgTLHGHJH HIC uwr|pxu|~tx}t IV IC OINcIL P CJ NJbL HI
MDHJ NICGOGbL P HI MDHD CD STI IL CJ NICGOGbL WJP D KTIHJ WJdIN
IL IC gTMTNDl iVMI utx}~q~tx}p NTHGcILMJNGD P FJVG GLgDNcI IL VT
FDcGILDX dJkD CJ GL TILFGJ HI JSTIC KNGLFGKGD JNFJLD HIC STI LJFGbX
eJ MDcJLHD gTINJ KDFD J KDFD JC KJVD STI KNDONIVJ CJ eGHJ WTcJLJ
FTPJ gDNcJ IV VIOL PJ WIcDV HGFWDl BV VI IKCGFJ IC DNGOIL HI
FTJCSTGIN NICGOGbL GLFCTVD HI CJ VDdNILJMTNJC LD IV cV STI IC HIVJf
NNDCCD HIC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup J NICGOGbL FJMbCGFJ LD IVM IFCTGHJ
KTIV IV TLJ cV ILMNI MJLMJV LJFGb HI CJ FDLFGILFGJ HI ^_[`a f
WDcdNI KNGeGCIOGJHD FDcD LD WTdD LTLFJ DMNDX LG CD WJdNf KDN IC
KNDFIVD HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z ~}z P LD HI DMNJ gDNcJl





"
mJTVJ IVMTKDN CJ JTHJFGJ HI MJCIV JENcJFGDLIV P HI MJLMD VJFNGCIOGDl INDX
ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX LD VDL VbCD CDV GLFNnHTCDV STGILIV HGFIL MJCIV LIFIHJHIVl
DcdNIV FJMbCGFDVX GLFCTVD cTFWDV HI ICCDV VJFINHDMIVX JV WJdCJL VGL NIFJMD P
FDL MJCIV HICGNGDV KNIMILHIL NIgDNcJN CJ OCIVGJl UD VI MNJMJ PJ HI JSTIC JLMGOTD
INNDN STI JMNGdTJ J CJ LJMTNJCIJ WTcJLJ TL FGINMD HINIFWD JC DNHIL VDdNILJf
MTNJC VI WJ JeJLJHD cTFWD cV WJVMJ JENcJN STI LTIVMNJ NICGOGbL VJLMVGcJX
MJLMD IL ^_[`a FDcD IL LDVDMNDV cGVcDVX IV TL KNDHTFMD IVKDLMLID HI CJ
LJMTNJCIJl UJHJ cV J KNDKbVGMD KJNJ HIVMNTGN MDHD IC DNHIL VDdNILJMTNJCl
mDL MDHJ NJbL IC mDLFGCGD JMGFJLD HIFNIMb ~ zw~tx {~ tst vwt t opqrst
xp wt{t uts ttz{p ps ~pu z wx |pxp|~q~tx}p wxz tst||~x vwt uwtst
z z xz}wsztz u~xp vwt wt{t {trt xzqtx}t tzs ps u q~uqp ps wx
|pxu}zx}t spstup z z putu~x {t }p{z ts{z{ {t }p{p r~tx utz zxz}tqzl

JVMJ JSTX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX LD WIcDV eGVMD STI VI WJPJ HJHD CTf
OJN J STI CJ GLMICGOILFGJ GLMINeILOJ KIND MJcdGnL ICCJX VIOL CDV cDHINLGVMJVX
KJNMGFGKJ IL IC JFMD HI gIl mDLeGILI VIRJCJN HI STn cJLINJ
iL IVI utx}~q~tx}p HIC STI WIcDV WJdCJHDX KTIVMD STI IV VILMGcGILf
MD P LD FDLDFGcGILMDX _a[ VI WJFI KNIVILMI JC WDcdNIX KIND HI TLJ
cJLINJ MJL FDLgTVJ STI JKILJV VG KTIHI HGVMGLOTGNVI D LD VI HGVf
MGLOTI IL JdVDCTMD HIC VTkIMD STI FNIIl DN MJLMD VI LIFIVGMJ STI
IVI VILMGcGILMD VIJ GCTcGLJHD KDN TLJ CT STI KDLOJ HI NICGIeI J
_a[ P VI HGVMGLOJ IVMJ IV CJ gTLFGbL HI CJ GLMICGOILFGJ FTPD KJKIC
IV KILVJN P JLJCGJNl DN cIHGD HI ICCJ IC WDcdNI MNJHTFIX KNGcIND
IL NIKNIVILMJFGDLIV P HIVKTnV IL KJCJdNJVX CDV gILbcILDV eGMJCIV
STI IL nC VI KNDHTFILl
DV cDHINLGVMJV IKNIVJL IVMD FDL CJ FDLDFGHJ gNJVI HI STI IC WDcdNI NICGOGDVD
HIdI txuzs VT gI
J GLMICGOILFGJ VI JKCGFJ JC utx}~q~tx}p PX KDLGILHD VT JMILFGbL IL
nCX CD MNJdJkJ FDcD WJFI TL KGLMDN STI eJ KINECJLHD IC HGdTkD HI
TL FTJHND ILeIkIFGHD WJVMJ HIeDCeINCI VT LGMGHIl
BV CD eGILI J IKCGFJN TLD HI CDV cJIVMNDV cDHINLGVMJVl
iL IVMJ MJNIJ IC MNJdJkD HI CJ GLMICGOILFGJ IV HDdCI HI TLJ KJNMIX
KDN TL JFMD LJMTNJC P IVKDLMLIDX IKNIVJ CJV FDVJV FDL TLJ gbNcTCJ
VGcKCI P eTCOJN KDN DMNJ KJNMIX HI TL cDHD NI IkD P cV KNDgTLHDX
tzrpszx{p t txuzq~tx}p eGINMI CJV FDVJV KILVJHJV IL IKNIVGDLIV

"

  

ut|wx{zs~zu HINGeJHJV HI JSTICCJ KNGcINJ gbNcTCJ VILFGCCJ KIND cV

MNJdJkJHJV P cV KNIFGVJVl iVMJV gbNcTCJV ut|wx{zs~zu TLJ eI
VJLFGDLJHJV KDN IC cJOGVMINGD VTKNIcD HI CJ OCIVGJX FDLVMGMTPIL IC
{pqz

BV WIcDV CCIOJHD J TLD HI CDV KTLMDV FJKGMJCIV HI CJ HDFMNGLJ cDHINLGVMJ
IC DNGOIL HIC HDOcJ P VT LJMTNJCIJl
iC DNGOIL HIC HDOcJ CD VGMJL IL
BSTICCJV gbNcTCJV s~qzs~zu VGcKCIV STI fIL FGINMD cDHDf VDL LIFIf
VJNGJV KJNJ CJ gIX KTIV KJNJ STI CJ NIeICJFGbL VIJ eINHJHINJcILMI
MJC IGOI STI IL CJ FDLFGILFGJ WJPJ JCOTLJ LDMGFGJ cJLGEIVMJ HI
_a[
IND JC KJNIFIN JENcJL STI HDLHI KNDKGJcILMI VI FDLMGILI IC HDOcJ IV IL CJV
gbNcTCJV ut|wx{zs~zu
JNJ KDHIN FJKMJN CJ LJMTNJCIJ HIC HDOcJ IV KNIFGVD STI KNGcIND
JeINGO IcDV FTC IV CJ NICJFGbL IGVMILMI ILMNI CJV sqwzu st~
~puzu P IC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup HIC IVKNGMTX FDVJ gFGC HI ILMILHIN
VG LD VI KGINHI HI eGVMJ STI CJ ELJCGHJH HI MJCIV sqwzu LD IV
cV STI KNDKDNFGDLJN JC FNIPILMI TL cIHGD KJNJ STI VI Hn FTILMJ
HI VT gIl DN IVD CJV gbNcTCJV VDL FDcD TL GLMINcIHGJNGD ILMNI IC
FNIPILMI P VT gI iL CD STI J CJ gI NIVKIFMJ LD VDL cV STI TLDV
VGOLDV GLJHIFTJHDV J CDV STI CCJcJcDV uqrppu IL CD STI NIVKIFMJ
JC FNIPILMI VDL VbCD ~xu}swqtx}pu
DN IVD LD VI KTIHI HIFGN HI LGLOL cDHD STI ILFGINNIL TLJ eINf
HJH JdVDCTMJl TIV IL FTJLMD STI VDL uqrppu VDL GcOILIV HI
CJ eINHJH P WJL HI VIN JHJKMJHJV JC VILMGcGILMD NICGOGDVD IL CD STI
nVMI VI NIEINI JC WDcdNI IL FTJLMD STI VDL ~xu}swqtx}pu VDL eIf
WFTCDV HI CJ eINHJH P MILHNL MJcdGnL STI JHJKMJNVI JC WDcdNI
KTIVMD STI VI NIEINIL JC VILMGcGILMD NICGOGDVDl JHD STI IC DdkIMD
HIC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup IVM FDLMILGHD IL CD zrupw}p MGILI GLELGf
MDV JVKIFMDV HI CDV STI KTIHIL GN VTNOGILHD DNJ TLDX DNJ DMND J
VT eI IC WDcdNI STI FNII KTIHI ILFDLMNJNVI IL cTP HGeINVJV FGNf
FTLVMJLFGJVl iL FDLVIFTILFGJ MJcdGnL CJV gbNcTCJV STI CCJcJcDV
HDOcJV IVML VDcIMGHJV J IVJV cGVcJV eGFGVGMTHIV PX KDN MJLMDX
VTkIMJV J cTMJFGbLl
BV STIHJ JdGINMD IC FJcGLD J TLJ tpw|~x LMGcJ HIC HDOcJl iV TL FcTf
CD GLELGMD HI VDEVcJV STI JLIOJ P HIVMNTPI MDHJ NICGOGbLl DV cDHINLGVMJV
JENcJL NDMTLHJcILMI STI



iC HDOcJ LD VbCD KTIHI VGLD STI HIdI IeDCTFGDLJN P IVMJN VDcIMGHD
J cTMJFGbLl
IND JHIcV IVMD cGVcD VI HIVKNILHI HI VTV JVINMDVl iLMNI VTV HDFMNGLJV KNGLf
FGKJCIV CJ cV GcKDNMJLMI IV nVMJ HIHTFGHJ HIC KNGLFGKGD HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z
~}z
JNJ STI CJV sqwzu st~~puzu VIJL NIJCcILMI st~~puzu P LD
VbCD ICTFTdNJFGDLIV GLMICIFMTJCIVX HIdIL VIN eGMJCIV P WJL HI eGeGN
CJ cGVcJ eGHJ HIC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup iVMD LD STGINI HIFGN STI
IVJV gbNcTCJVX IVKIFGJCcILMI VG VbCD VDL GcJOGLJMGeJVX WJPJL VGHD
GLeILMJHJV KJNJ VTVMGMTGN JC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup KTIV LG VT DNGOIL
LG VT FCJVI GcKDNMJL LJHJ CD STI GcKDNMJ IV STI IC VILMGcGILMD
NICGOGDVDX HIVKTnV HI WJdINCJV cDHGEFJHD CD LIFIVJNGDX CJV JVGcGCI
~}zqtx}t iVMD STGINI HIFGNX FDL DMNJV KJCJdNJVX STI IV LIFIVJNGD
STI IC FDNJbL JFIKMI CJ sqwz s~q~}~z P CJ JKNTIdI P STIX dJkD
CJ HGNIFFGbL HIC FDNJbLX VI CCIeI J FJdD TL MNJdJkD STI ILOILHNI CJV
sqwzu ut|wx{zs~zu D JLMINGDN GcKCGFJ IC STIX KJNJ VIN eGMJCIVX
IVMJV gbNcTCJV WJL HI JHJKMJNVI VGcTCMLIJcILMI JC FNIPILMI P
J CJ gI P FDLVINeJN IVJ JHJKMJFGbLl I JW STI VG IVJ JHJKMJFGbL
HIVJKJNIFGINJ KDN FTJCSTGIN FJTVJX KINHINJL VT KNGcGMGeD FDLMILGHD
P WJdNJ STI FJcdGJNCJVl
mDcDX VIOL MDHD CD HGFWDX CJ VGMTJFGbL HI CJV gbNcTCJV HDOcMGFJV IV MJL
KNIFJNGJX VI FDcKNILHI STI CDV cDHINLGVMJV VI dTNCIL HI ICCJV P CJV HIVKNIFGIL
P STIX KDN IC FDLMNJNGDX LD WJOJL cV STI WJdCJN P ILVJCJN IC VILMGcGILMD
NICGOGDVD P CJ eGHJ NICGOGDVJl BVX NIKNDFWJL HIVFJNJHJcILMI J CJ OCIVGJ IC STI
IVMn HIVFJcGLLHDVI KDNSTI LD HGVMGLOTI ILMNI IC VGOLGEFJHD IMINf
LD HI CJV gbNcTCJV P IC GcKTCVD NICGOGDVD P cDNJCl
KDNSTI
IVM JMJHJ HI TLJ cJLINJ GLIEFJ P DdVMGLJHJ J gbNcTCJV VGL FDLf
MILGHDX FDL CD FTJC IVM JNNTGLJLHD CJ NICGOGbLl
mGINMJcILMI VDL |~tpu vwt wzx z p}spu |~tpu WGLFWJHDV FDL CJ VDdINdGJ HI
CJ FGILFGJX STI CCIOJL IL VT CDFTNJ WJVMJ KINeINMGN IC IMINLD FDLFIKMD HI CJ eINf
HJH PX VGcTCMLIJcILMIX CJ JTMnLMGFJ LJMTNJCIJ HIC VILMGcGILMD NICGOGDVDl JL
GLeILMJHD TL LTIeD VGVMIcJ tx t vwt tqw z{pu ps wxz {tutxstxz{z z~{t
{t xpt{z{tu xp rwu|zx z ts{z{ z {px{t ts{z{tszqtx}t tu} qtxpust
|~zx zu uzx}zu zpu}~|zu }sz{~|~pxtu ut zrszzx z {p|}s~xzu zxzu }~tu
t ~x|~ts}zu xp zsprz{zu ps z tu~z |pqp |zrtzu owt|zu uprst tuzu
{p|}s~xzu st}tx{tx wx{zqtx}zs zutx}zs z ts{z{l iVMI IV IC cDHINLGVMJ
IL FTJLMD ECbVDgDl

&

'

) * + , - . + /.

1 2   3 45 

7 8
9

 ; < = > ? 45 < =

88 A = A;: :; ;;8


QG JWDNJ STINIcDV JeINGOTJN FbcD VI HGVMGLOTI TL cDHINLGVMJ ECbVDgD HI
TL cDHINLGVMJ FNIPILMI WJP STI WJFIN KNGcIND TLJ JHeINMILFGJl iC ECbVDgD
JHcGMI CJ NIJCGHJH HI CD HGeGLD FDcD DdkIMD HI CJ gIX KIND IVMJ stz~{z{ LD
IGVMI gTINJ HIC JCcJ HI STGIL FNII IL FTJLMD STI IV DdkIMD HI VT VILMGcGILMD
P HI VT JENcJFGbL PX KDN FDLVGOTGILMIX LD KJVJ HI VIN TL gILbcILDl JNJ IC
ECbVDgD LD FTILMJ LG MGILI GLMINnV IC STI IVMJ NIJCGHJH IGVMJ HI KDN V gTINJ
HIC VILMGcGILMD P HI CJ JENcJFGbL STI nC cGVcD WJFIl DN IC FDLMNJNGDX KJNJ
IC cDHINLGVMJ FNIPILMI IV JdVDCTMJcILMI FGINMD STI CJ stz~{z{ IGVMI KDN V
cGVcJ P LD HIKILHIX IL JdVDCTMDX HI STGIL FNIIl IND VG VI STGINI VJdIN IL STn
VI dJVJ IVMJ FINMIJX IC cDHINLGVMJ FNIPILMI NIVKDLHI
iL CJ tts~tx|~z VGLOTCJN HI FJHJ WDcdNIl
BC HIFGN IVMD KDN TL CJHD VI JKJNMJL HI CDV NJFGDLJCGVMJVX KIND KDN DMND VI
JHWGINIL JC KILVJcGILMD HI CDV KNDMIVMJLMIV P KVITHDcVMGFDV ICCDV CD IKCGFJL
JV
iL IC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup WJP TLJ FGINMJ GLMTGFGbL HIC FDNJbL KDN
cIHGD HI CJ FTJC IC WDcdNI VI CCIOJ WJVMJ CJ stz~{z{ HI _a[ P VJFJ
TL FDLeILFGcGILMD MJL ENcI HI STI _a[ IGVMI P JFMJ HILMND P
gTINJ HIC VIN WTcJLD STI IV cTP VTKINGDN J FTJCSTGIN KINVTJVGbL
FGILMEFJl iVMD FDLVMGMTPI TLJ eINHJHINJ IKINGILFGJX VTKINGDN J
FTJCSTGIN DMNJ IKINGILFGJ NJFGDLJCl
JRJHIL
QG WJP STGILIVX FDcD CDV NJFGDLJCGVMJVX LGIOJL IVMJ IKINGILFGJX IV
KDNSTI LD VI STGINIL KDLIN IL CJV cGVcJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV cDNJCIV
STI VDL LIFIVJNGJV KJNJ STI VI KNDHTFJl iVMJ tts~tx|~z IV CJ STI
eINHJHINJcILMI P FDL MDHJ KNDKGIHJH WJFI FNIPILMI J CJ KINVDLJ
STI CJ WJ MILGHDl
Tn CIkDV IVM MDHD IVMD HI CJ HDFMNGLJ FJMbCGFJ J WIcDV eGVMD STI IC mDLFGCGD
JMGFJLD FDLHILb IVMJV gJLMJVJVl V JHICJLMI HGNIcDV FbcD TLJ eI JHcGf
MGHJV IVMJV CDFTNJV kTLMD FDL CDV INNDNIV PJ FGMJHDVX STIHJ JdGINMD IC FJcGLD JC
JMIGVcDl BWDNJ FDLeGILI JHeINMGN GLcIHGJMJcILMI STIX VIOL IVMJ HDFMNGLJ HI
CJ tts~tx|~z TLGHJ J CJ HIC u~qrp~uqp MDHJ NICGOGbL WJ HI FDLVGHINJNVI eINf
HJHINJX GLFCTPILHD IC KJOJLGVcDl iL MDHJV CJV NICGOGDLIV VI HJL IKINGILFGJV
HI IVMJ FCJVIX CTIOD KTIHIL CDV cDHINLGVMJV LIOJN STI IL CDV MTNFDV CJV WJPJ P
JENcJN STI VbCD IL IC FJMDCGFGVcD CJV KTIHI WJdIN J eINHJH IV STI LD TLDV
B

D E 

F

CD WJFIL GLFCTVD HI cJLINJ eICJHJ P DMNDV JdGINMJcILMI JVIOTNJL STI MDHJV CJV
NICGOGDLIV VDL eINHJHINJVl UD KTIHIL JHDKMJN DMNJ KDVMTNJ KTIVX VIOL CDV KNGLf
FGKGDV STI ICCDV cGVcDV WJL JVILMJHDX LD MGILIL JNOTcILMDV KJNJ HIFGN STI WJP
NICGOGDLIV gJCVJVl QbCD KDHNJL WJFINCD dJVLHDVI IL CJ gJCVIHJH HIC utx}~q~tx}p
st~~pup D IL CJ gJCVIHJH HI CJ gbNcTCJ ICJdDNJHJ KDN IC ILMILHGcGILMD KIND
IC VILMGcGILMD IV VGIcKNI IC cGVcD JTLSTI KTIHJ VIN GcKINgIFMD P CJ gbNcTCJX
KJNJ VIN eINHJHINJX CD LGFD STI KNIFGVJ IV IVMJN HI JFTINHD FDL IC VILMGcGILMD
P FDL IC WDcdNI STI FNIIX FTJCSTGINJ STI VIJ VT JOTHIJ cILMJCl TG KDHNJL
CDV cDHINLGVMJV KDLIN TLJ VDCJ DdkIFGbL J CJV HIcV NICGOGDLIV
TI CJ NICGOGbL FJMbCGFJX KDN MILIN cV eGHJX MGILI MJcdGnL cV
eINHJH P STI IV cV HGOLJ HIC LDcdNI FNGVMGJLD KDNSTI NIVKDLHI
FDL cV KCILGMTH JC FNGVMGJLGVcD KNGcGMGeDl
B LJHGI KTIHI IMNJRJN STI VI CCIOTI J IVMJV FDLFCTVGDLIV KJNMGILHD HI CDV
HJMDV STI WIcDV GLHGFJHDl D STI LD HIkJ HI KNDHTFGN IVMTKDN IV STI WDcdNIV
FJMbCGFDV I GLFCTVD VJFINHDMIVX J STGILIV IVMJV cDLVMNTDVGHJHIV WDNNDNGJL f
VIOL STINIcDV FNIINfX JFMJL FDcD VG IVMTeGIVIL KCILJcILMI HI JFTINHD FDL
ICCJVl QDL MJCIV CDV ICDOGDV STI HIHGFJL J STGILIV ILVIRJL IVMDV INNDNIVX MJLMDV
VDL CDV WDLDNIV STI KdCGFJcILMI CIV MNGdTMJLX STI HJL KGI J KILVJN STI CD
STI KNIMILHIL IV WDLNJN LD J CJV KINVDLJVX STI STG cINIFJL TLJ FGINMJ
FDLVGHINJFGbLX VGLD J CDV cGVcDV INNDNIV STI JdGINMJcILMI ILVIRJL P KDLIL
MDHD VT IcKIRD IL HGgTLHGNCDV ILMNI IC KTIdCDl

iVMJ HDFMNGLJ JVGcGVcD MGILI DMND JVKIFMD STI IVM IL JdGINMJ FDLMNJHGf
FFGbL FDL CJ eINHJH FJMbCGFJl iC FDLFIKMD HI tts~tx|~z VI JKCGFJ MJcdGnL J CJ
}sz{~|~x cJLMILGHJ WJVMJ JWDNJ KDN CJ OCIVGJ HIVMNTPnLHDCJ FDcKCIMJcILMIX
KDNSTI CDV cDHINLGVMJV ILMGILHIL CJ MNJHGFGbL FDcD
LJ FDcTLGFJFGbL FDL DMNJV KINVDLJV KDN cIHGD HI CJ KNIHGFJFGbL
IcKCIJLHD gbNcTCJV GLMICIFMGeJV HI TLJ tts~tx|~z ps~~xz iVJV
gbNcTCJVX JKJNMI HI VT gTINJ ststutx}z}~z MGILIL TL KDHIN uw
tu}~p MJLMD VDdNI IC STI FNII KJNJ HIVKINMJN IL nC IC utx}~q~tx}p
st~~pup STG JHDNcIFGHDX P NILDeJN CJ tts~tx|~z PJ WJdGHJX
FDcD VDdNI CDV LD FNIPILMIV KJNJ IL ICCDV ILOILHNJN IC utx}~q~tx}p
P KNDHTFGN CJ tts~tx|~z BV IV FDcD CJ IKINGILFGJ NICGOGDVJ VI
KNDKJOJ KDN CJ MNJLVcGVGbL DNJC J MDHDV CDV KTIdCDV STI WDP IGVMIL
D KDN CJ KNIHGFJFGbL KDN IVFNGMD J CDV STI IGVMJL cJRJLJl LJV
eIFIV IVMJ FDcTLGFJFGbL HI IKINGILFGJV IFWJ NJFIV P IVM eGeJX
DMNJV eIFIV ILeIkIFI P cTINIl iC WIFWD HI IVMJN eGeJ IV VIRJC HI VIN
eINHJH KTIV eINHJH P eGHJ VI FDLgTLHILl I IVMD VI FDLFCTPI STI



MDHJV CJV NICGOGDLIV IGVMILMIV VDL eINHJHINJV KTIV HI CD FDLMNJNGD
LD IGVMGNJLl
B

mDL CD WJVMJ JST IKTIVMD MILIcDV cV STI HI VDdNJX ILINJdCIV INf
cJLDVX KJNJ VJdIN FDL FINMIJ CJ NICJFGbL STI CDV cDHINLGVMJV IVMJdCIFIL ILMNI
CJ gI P CJ FGILFGJ IL CJ STI STIHJ GLFCTGHJ MJcdGnL CJ WGVMDNGJl iL KNGcIN CTOJN
WJP STI HIkJN FCJND STI KJNJ ICCDV CJV cJMINGJV NIVKIFMGeJV HI CJ gI P HI CJ
FGILFGJ VDL GLHIKILHGILMIV ILMNI V
J gI eINVJ VDdNI JCOD STI CJ FGILFGJ HIFCJNJ VINCI ~x|pxpu|~rtX
HI JST STI MJcdGnL CJV IVgINJV HI TLJ P DMNJ VIJL HGgINILMIV CJ
FGILFGJ eINVJ VDdNI CDV gILbcILDV IL CDV STI LD WJP VGMGD KJNJ CJ gI
KDN IC FDLMNJNGDX CJ gI eINVJ VDdNI CD HGeGLD STI KJNJ CJ FGILFGJ LD
IGVMIl DN IVD LTLFJ KTIHI WJdIN FDL GFMD ILMNI CJ gI P CJ FGILFGJ
KTIVX VG FJHJ TLJ KINcJLIFI IL IC cdGMD STI CI IV KNDKGDX LTLFJ
KDHNL ILFDLMNJNVI PX IL FDLVIFTILFGJX LD ILMNJNL IL FDCGVGbLl
QG JCOTGIL DdkIMJ STI ILMNI CJV FDVJV eGVGdCIV WJP JCOTLJVX FDcD CJ eGHJ WTcJLJ
HI ^_[`a STI KINMILIFIL MJcdGnL J CJ gI ICCDV CD LGIOJL KTIV
BTLSTI IVJV FDVJV KINMILIFIL JC cTLHD HI CDV gILbcILDVX VDL
JNNIdJMJHJV HI IVI cTLHD VILVGdCI P MNJLVgDNcJHJV IL cJMINGJ HI
DNHIL HGeGLD FTJLHD VDL GcKNIOLJHJV KDN CJ eGHJ HI CJ gI PX HI
CJ cJLINJ STI WIcDV IKTIVMD cV JNNGdJX VDL }szxu wsz{zu P
{tu wsz{zu KDN IVJ gIl
BVX J STGIL KCJLMIJVI CJ FTIVMGbL HI VG ^_[`a NIJCGb eINHJHINDV cGCJONDV P
KNDgIMGb eINHJHINJcILMI CD gTMTNDX VG HI eINHJH NIVTFGMb P VTdGb J CDV FGICDVX
CJ FGILFGJ JOLbVMGFJ CI HGN STI LD P CJ gI CI HGN STI Vl
IND IVMJV KDVMTNJV LD VDL FDLMNJNGJV KTIV TLD LGIOJ FDcD ECbf
VDgD STI VI HGNGOI J ECbVDgDV FDLMIcKCJLHD CJ EOTNJ HI ^_[`a
FDcD stz~{z{ o~u}s~|z P IC DMND JENcJ FDcD FNIPILMI STI WJdCJ
J FNIPILMIV FDLMIcKCJLHD CJ eGHJ HI ^_[`a FDcD st~~{z KDN CJ
gIl
QGL IcdJNOD IVMJNJ MDMJCcILMI ISTGeDFJHD STGIL VJFJVI CJ GHIJ HI
STI CJ gI P CJ FGILFGJ LD IVML VTdDNHGLJHJV CJ TLJ J CJ DMNJl JkD
LGLOL FDLFIKMD VI KDHNJ KILVJN JFINMJHJcILMI STI CJ FGILFGJ LD
IVM VDcIMGHJ J CJ gIX KIND CJ gI V IVM VDcIMGHJ J CJ FGILFGJ LD KDN
TL FJKMTCD VGLD KDN MNIV



NGcINDX IV HI VIRJCJN STI IL FTJCSTGIN WIFWD NICGOGDVDX HIkJLHD
JKJNMI CJ stz~{z{ {~~xz P CJ tts~tx|~z STI HI ICCJ MILOJ IC
FNIPILMIX MDHD CD HIcVX KNGLFGKJCcILMI CJV sqwzu st~~puzu LD
VJCI HIC cdGMD HI CDV gILbcILDV P KDN FDLVGOTGILMI FJI dJkD IC
HDcGLGD HI CJ FGILFGJl mGINMD STI IC FNIPILMI KTIHI VG IV VT HIVID
VJCGN HIC cTLHDX KIND cGILMNJV KINcJLIFJ IL nC IVMJN VDcIMGHDX
JTLSTI LD CD STGINJX J CJV CIPIV J CJ GLeIVMGOJFGbL P J CDV kTGFGDV HI
CJ FGILFGJ P HI CJ WGVMDNGJl
QIOTLHDX JTLSTI VI HGOJ STI _a[ IV DdkIMD LGFJcILMI HI CJ gI
IVMD VI WJ HI ILMILHIN HI CJ stz~{z{ HGeGLJ KIND LD HI CJ ~{tz HI
_a[ nVMJ MJcdGnL IVM VDcIMGHJ J CJ FGILFGJ PJ STI FTJLHD CJ
FGILFGJ ECDVDgJ IL IC CCJcJHD DNHIL CbOGFD JCFJLJ J MDHD CD STI
IV JdVDCTMD I GHIJCX KDN CD FTJC CJ ECDVDgJ D CJ FGILFGJ IVML IL
VT HINIFWD HI FDLDFIN JFINFJ HI CJ GHIJ HI _a[X HI DNGILMJN VT
HIVJNNDCCD P HI CGdNJNCJ HI KDVGdCIV IFNIFILFGJVl
D JLMINGDN IKCGFJ IC JGDcJ cDHINLGVMJ
J IeDCTFGbL NICGOGDVJ MGILI STI IVMJN FDDNHGLJHJ FDL CJ IeDCTFGbL
cDNJC I GLMICIFMTJCl
X FDcD WJ HGFWD TLD HI VTV cJIVMNDV
J HI IVMJN VTdDNHGLJHJ J ICCJVl
INFINDX IC WDcdNI LD MGILI TLJ HDdCI KINVDLJCGHJH IL FDLVIFTILf
FGJX IC FNIPILMI VGILMI CJ LIFIVGHJH LMGcJ HI JNcDLGJN CJ gI FDL
CJ FGILFGJ HI cJLINJ STI CJ gI LD IVMn IL HGVFDNHJLFGJ FDL CJ GHIJ
OILINJC STI CJ FGILFGJ KNIVILMJ HI IVMI cTLHDl BV NIVTCMJ STI CJ
FGILFGJ IV GLHIKILHGILMI HI CJ gI cGILMNJV STI CJ gIX JL VGILHD FDVJ
HGgINILMI HI CJ FGILFGJX WJ HI IVMJN VTdDNHGLJHJ J nVMJl
DHD IVMDX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX IVM IL DKDVGFGbL FDL CD STI UTIVMND NIf
HIFIVDN a ILVIRJdJ p sp~p {t z pupz tx p vwt ut st tst z z
st~~x xp tu {pq~xzs u~xp uts~s xp stu|s~r~s p vwt ut oz {t |stts u~xp
zrszzsp |px uwq~u~x sz|~pxz x~ tu|w{s~yzs z spwx{~{z{ {t pu q~u}t
s~pu {t ~pu u~xp qpu}szstu sttstx|~z ~z{puz owq~{tl DV cDHINLGVMJV
GLeGINMIL CDV MnNcGLDVl QI CIV KTIHI JKCGFJN CD STI HIFJ ^Z a^_a X MJcf
dGnL JLMIFIVDN UTIVMNDX J KNDKbVGMD HI JCOTLDV MIbCDODV HI VT MGIcKD wxpu
{t pup}spu o~x|oz{pu {t zx~{z{ |pqp p{stu ut tqtyzx tx }szuzuzs |px
xpt{z{tu spzxzu pu q~}tu wtu}pu ps pu z{stu upqt}~tx{p z |pqstx
u~x {t z u|s~}wsz ~xu~sz{z z z pupz sz|~pxz up ps pu}tx}z|~x

LM

V W X=Y=

 4 Z [ \ 5Z ]  Z < =

W X  ^ 5 Z 4 Y 5 

_ < = > ?  5 < =

@_;


|~tx} |z xp zsz spt|op {t pu ptx}tu rutu~pxz{pu ps {p|}s~xzu {~u
zsz}tu tsts~xzu pxtx z z |zrtz tx z |zw{z oz|tx vwt z st~xz utz
u~tsz {t z tu|zzl
`

iVMD NIVTCMJ IeGHILMI KJNJ STGIL DdVINeJ CJ FDLHTFMJ HI CDV cDHINLGVMJV
FDLVIFTILMIX IL MDHDX FDL VTV ILVIRJLJVl TFWDV HI VTV IVFNGMDV P HI VTV
HGFWDV KJNIFIL FDLMNJHGFMDNGDVX HI cDHD STI KDHNJ KILVJNVI STI eJFGCJL GLf
VIOTNDVX KIND VI MNJMJ HI TLJ JFMGMTH HICGdINJHJ KDN IC FDLFIKMD STI MGILIL
HI CJ VIKJNJFGbL ILMNI gI P FGILFGJl DN IVD ILFDLMNJcDV IL VTV IVFNGMDV TLJ
KOGLJ STI TL FJMbCGFD KTIHI JKNDdJN VGL NIVINeJVX J CJ FTJC VGOTI DMNJ STI VbCD
FJdI KILVJN STI WJ VGHD HGFMJHJ KDN TL NJFGDLJCGVMJl mTJLHD IVFNGdIL VDdNI CJ
WGVMDNGJ LD WJFIL cILFGbL J CJ HGeGLGHJH HI ^_[`a KIND FTJLHD KNIHGFJL CJ
FDLEIVJL FDL MDHJ FCJNGHJHl iL VTV IKDVGFGDLIV WGVMbNGFJV LD MGILIL CTOJN LG
CDV mDLFGCGDV LG CDV QJLMDV JHNIVX KIND FTJLHD IKCGFJL IC mJMIFGVcD CDV FGMJL
FDL MDHDV CDV WDLDNIVl VIJ STI WJFIL TLJ HGVIFFGbL ILMNI CJ InOIVGV MIDCbOGFJ
P KJVMDNJCX P CJ FGILMEFJ I WGVMbNGFJl OTJCcILMIX JKDPLHDVI IL IC KNGLFGKGD
HI STI CJ FGILFGJ P CJ gI VDL GLHIKILHGILMIVX FTJLHD HGVINMJL VDdNI ECDVDgJX
WGVMDNGJ D FNMGFJ LD MGILIL IcKJFWD IL VIOTGN IC KILVJcGILMD HI \`Z^a WJf
FGILHDX IL MDHDX FJVD DcGVD HI CDV cJIVMNDV FJMbCGFDVX HI CDV QJLMDV JHNIVX HI
CDV mDLFGCGDV P HIC JOGVMINGD iFCIVGVMGFD P VG VI CIV CCJcJ CJ JMILFGbL NIKCGFJL
STI VI CIV IVM FDJNMJLHD CJ CGdINMJHl mDcD JENcJL STI CJ gI IVM VTdDNHGLJHJ
J CJ FGILFGJX FDL gNIFTILFGJ P HIVgJFWJMI NIKGMIL STI
J OCIVGJ VI DdVMGLJ IL LD VTKIHGMJN VTV HDOcJV J CDV HGFMJHDV HI
CJ ECDVDgJ P HIdINJ HIVIFWJN CJ MIDCDOJ JLMGOTJ I GLVMJTNJN DMNJ
LTIeJX FDLgDNcI J CJ ECDVDgJ JFMTJCl


8 8 A = A;: ;@A A8

BWDNJX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX HIdIcDV KJVJN J FDLVGHINJN IC cDHINLGVcD
IL VT JVKIFMD MIDCbOGFD MJNIJ JNHTJ STI MNJMJNIcDV HI CCIeJN J FJdD CD cV
dNIeIcILMI KDVGdCIl QI MNJMJ HI JNcDLGJN CJ gI FDL CJ FGILFGJX HI cJLINJ STI
TLJ VI VTdDNHGLI J CJ DMNJl iL IVMI MINNILD IC cDHINLGVMJ MIbCDOD TMGCGJ CDV

i j  X^ 

 4 Z ] X  k= Z  X= Z

o m X ]  Z5 5p 

_n

1 6

z9

nq

z

8

9|
| 

< = ^ =  4 l 3

 < = < 

9

{ 9

] X

<=

m  X 5Z

{
9

9

z
|

|

> ? 45 < =

=

r,st

4

9


|
{

nn

W ? 4

8

uv

 

8 97

9 |
|

8
8

9
9

|

9
 8

<=

x y 

 9
|

|
| 8

<=

9


"
cGVcDV KNGLFGKGDV STI WIcDV eGVMD TMGCGJHDV KDN IC ECbVDgD CJ ~xqzxtx|~z P
IC u~qrp~uqp iC KNDFIHGcGILMD IV gNJLFJcILMI VGcKCIX IC ECbVDgD HGFI
s~x|~~p {t z t tu ~xqzxtx}t
iC FNIPILMI JRJHI
u}t s~x|~~p tu _a[
iC MIbCDOD FDLFCTPI
TIOD _a[ tu ~xqzxtx}t z opqrst
iVMJ IV CJ ~xqzxtx|~z }tp~|z BHIcVX KJNJ IC ECbVDgD
zu ststutx}z|~pxtu {t pr t}p {t z t upx u~qr~|zu
JNJ IC FNIPILMI IV FGINMD STI
pr t}p {t z t tu _a[ tx u q~uqp
iC MIbCDOD VJFJ CJ FDLVIFTILFGJ
zu ststutx}z|~pxtu {t z stz~{z{ {~~xz upx u~qr~|zu
iVMI IV IC u~qrp~uqp }tp~|p iNNDNIV ILDNcIVX VTV FDLVIFTILFGJV HIcDVMNJNL
WJVMJ STn KTLMD VDL KINLGFGDVDVl mDcILFIcDV KDN IC u~qrp~uqp
TIVMD STI CDV VcdDCDV VDL JC cGVcD MGIcKD VcdDCDV HIC DdkIMD
I GLVMNTcILMDV KJNJ IC VTkIMDX nVMI fIC FNIPILMIf HIdI MILIN VTcD
FTGHJHD HI LD JKIOJNVI MJLMD J CJ gbNcTCJ STI KGINHJ HI eGVMJ STI
IV TLJ cINJ gbNcTCJ HIdI TMGCGJNCJ VbCD KJNJ TLGNVI KDN cIHGD HI
ICCJ J CJ eINHJH STI CJ gbNcTCJ HIVFTdNI P ILFTdNI JC cGVcD MGIcKDX
VGL FDLVIOTGN IKNIVJNCJ LTLFJ HIC MDHDl BHIcVX IC FNIPILMI WJ HI
TMGCGJN IVJV gbNcTCJV IL FTJLMD CI VGNeJL HI JPTHJX KTIV VI KDLIL J
VT HGVKDVGFGbL KJNJ HJNCI gJFGCGHJHIV P LD KJNJ STI CI VIJL TL IVMDNf
dDX FDL MDHD IC NIVKIMD STI TLJ dTILJ IHTFJFGbL IGOI WJFGJ IVJV
gbNcTCJV STI IC cJOGVMINGD KdCGFD WJ FDLVGHINJHD JHIFTJHJV KJNJ
IKNIVJN CJ FDLFGILFGJ FDcL PX VGIcKNI P FTJLHDX IC cJOGVMINGD LD
HIMINcGLI DMNJ FDVJl
QGL IcdJNOD IV HGgFGC FDLFNIMJN CD STI CDV cDHINLGVMJV IL NIJCGHJH KGILVJL
JFINFJ HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z KTIV LD MDHDV DKGLJL CD cGVcDX TLDV CJ WJFIL FDLVGVMGN
IL



"
LJ KNIVILFGJ JFMGeJ HI _a[ IL IC WDcdNIX cV LMGcJ STI CD STI
IC WDcdNI IV KJNJ V cGVcDl
D FTJCX HI KDN VX LD MGILI LJHJ HI GLFDNNIFMD DMNDV HGFIL STI IV
J JFFGbL HI _a[ MJL TLGHJ J CJ JFFGbL HI CJ LJMTNJCIJX FDcD
TLGHJ IVM CJ FJTVJ KNGcINJ FDL CJ FJTVJ VIOTLHJl
D FTJC HIVMNTPI IC DNHIL VDdNILJMTNJCl
DMNDV CJ IKCGFJL HI MJC VTINMI STI CJ FJNOJL HI VGOLGEFJFGbL KJLMIVMGFJX
CD FTJC FTJHNJ cIkDN FDL IC NIVMD HI VT HDFMNGLJl
`

B IVMI KNGLFGKGD HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z VI CI JRJHI DMND STI KDHNJcDV CCJcJN
HI tsqzxtx|~z {~~xz iVMDV HDV KNGLFGKGDV HGEINIL ILMNI V JC cDHD FDcD
HGEINI CJ tts~tx|~z KNGeJHJ HI CJ tts~tx|~z MNJLVcGMGHJ KDN MNJHGFGbLl mDL
TL IkIcKCD VJFJHD HI CJ OCIVGJ P HI CDV QJFNJcILMDV VI eI IVMD HI TL cDHD
cV FCJND ICCDV HGFIL
I LGLOL cDHD VI MGILI STI FNIIN STI CJ OCIVGJ P CDV QJFNJcILMDV
WJPJL VGHD GLVMGMTGHDV KDN ^_[`a KTIV CD KNDWGdI IC JOLDVMGFGVf
cD STI IL ^_[`a VbCD eI TL WDcdNI FTPJ FDLFGILFGJ NICGOGDVJX
FDcD IL CDV HIcV WDcdNIVX VI WJ GHD gDNcJLHD KJTCJMGLJcILMI
MJcdGnL CD KNDWGdI CJ CIP HI CJ GLcJLILFGJ STI NIFWJJ CJV z~
|z|~pxtu IMINLJV P CD KNDWGdI CJ CIP HI CJ IeDCTFGbL STI IGOI
TL FGINMD MGIcKD P TL HIMINcGLJHD LcIND HI FGNFTLVMJLFGJV KJNJ
STI CDV OnNcILIV VI HIVJNNDCCIL KDN CMGcD CD KNDWGdI CJ WGVMDNGJ
CJ FTJC ILVIRJ STI JV IeDCTFGDLJNDL CJV FDVJVl INDX LD DdVMJLMI
MDHD ICCDX WJP STI cJLMILIN STI CJ OCIVGJ P CDV QJFNJcILMDV gTINDL
GLVMGMTGHDV KDN ^_[`a HI qp{p qt{~z}p
I STn cJLINJ BENcJL STI
DHJV CJV FDLFGILFGJV FNGVMGJLJV IVMJdJL IL FGINMD cDHD GLFCTGHJV
eGNMTJCcILMI IL CJ FDLFGILFGJ HI ^_[`a FDcD CJ KCJLMJ IVM FDLf
MILGHJ IL CJ VIcGCCJX GOTJC STI CDV OnNcILIV eGeIL CJ eGHJ HI CJ
VIcGCCJ VI KTIHI HIFGN STI MDHDV CDV FNGVMGJLDV eGeIL CJ eGHJ HI
^_[`a BWDNJ dGIL QIOL CJ gIX CJ eGHJ HI ^_[`a IV eGHJ HGeGf
LJ CTIOD MJcdGnL CJ eGHJ HI CDV FNGVMGJLDV IV HGeGLJ PX VG IVMJ eGHJ
HGD DNGOIL IL IC MNJLVFTNNGN HIC MGIcKD J CJ OCIVGJ P J CDV QJFNJcILf
MDVX VI KTIHI HIFGN FDL MDHJ NJbL STI VT DNGOIL IVM IL ^_[`a P
STI IV TL DNGOIL HGeGLDl


E 


""
DN IC cGVcD KNDFIHGcGILMD CCIOJL J CJ FDLFCTVGbL HI STI CJ VJONJHJ iVFNGMTNJ
P IC HDOcJ VDL MJcdGnL HGeGLDVl iL IVMD FDLVGVMI KDFD cV D cILDV CJ MIDCDOJ
HI CDV cDHINLGVMJV IV TL KISTIRD dJOJkI KIND STI KTIHI HJN cTFWD HI V VG
VI cJLMGILI STI CDV KNIFIKMDV FGILMEFDV HIdIL IVMJN KDN ILFGcJ HI MDHD CD
HIcVl FGCcILMI VI KDHN eIN FbcD VI JKCGFJ IVMJ HDFMNGLJ J MDHD CD STI J
FDLMGLTJFGbL HGNIcDVl

JVMJ JWDNJ WIcDV eILGHD WJdCJLHD HIC DNGOIL P HI CJ LJMTNJCIJ HI CJ gIl
IND FDLeGILI JeINGOTJN STn ILVIRJL CDV cDHINLGVMJV JFINFJ HI CJV KNGLFGKJCIV
gTILMIV HI CJ gI CJ OCIVGJX IC HDOcJX IC FTCMD P CDV GdNDV VJONJHDVl icKIFIcDV
KDN IC HDOcJl J WIcDV GLHGFJHD FTC IV VT DNGOIL P VT LJMTNJCIJ
NDMJ HI TL GcKTCVD D LIFIVGHJH STI CCIeJ JC FNIPILMI J ICJdDNJN VT
KILVJcGILMD KJNJ GCTVMNJN cIkDN VT KNDKGJ FDLFGILFGJ P CJV JkILJVl
iVMI MNJdJkD FDLVGVMI IL KNDgTLHGJN P KTNGEFJN CJ sqwz s~q~
}~z HI CJ cILMI KIND LD VGOTGILHD TL KNDFIVD CbOGFD VGLD VIOL
JFDLVIkIL CJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV DX FDcD HGFIL ICCDV FDL cILDV FCJNGf
HJHX ~}zqtx}t iVMJ CJdDN KNDHTFI IC NIVTCMJHD HI STI IL MDNLD J
CJ sqwz s~qzs~z eJPJL VTNOGILHDX KDFD J KDFDX CJV DMNJV sqw
zu ut|wx{zs~zu HI CJV STI JLMIV WIcDV WJdCJHD HIVKTnV VI gDNcJ
FDL MDHJV ICCJV TL FTINKD HI HDFMNGLJ PX TLJ eI STI IC cJOGVMIf
NGD KdCGFD CJV NIFDLDFI FDcD IKNIVGbL HI CJ FDLFGILFGJ FDcLX
KJVJL J VIN HDOcJVl JP STI FTGHJN HI HGVMGLOTGN IVMDV HDOcJV
HI CJV IVKIFTCJFGDLIV HI CDV MIbCDODV CJV FTJCIVX JTLSTI LD IVML
eGeGEFJHJV KDN CJ eGHJ HI CDV HDOcJVX LD VDL IL JdVDCTMD GLMGCIV
PJ STI KTIHIL VINeGN KJNJ JNcDLGJN CJ NICGOGbL FDL CJ FGILFGJ P
CGcJN VTV FDLMNJKDVGFGDLIVX D KJNJ GCTVMNJN HIVHI gTINJ CJ NICGOGbL
P HIgILHINCJX D GLFCTVD STG KTIHJL VINeGN FDcD cJMINGJC KJNJ GN
KNIKJNJLHD TL LTIeD HDOcJ gTMTNDl

DFD WJdNJ STI HIFGN JFINFJ HIC FTCMD VJONJHD VG LD gTINJ KDNSTI IL nC VI
GLFCTPIL CDV QJFNJcILMDVX JFINFJ HI CDV FTJCIV VDL cTFWDV CDV INNDNIV cDHINf
LGVMJVl iLVIRJL STI
iC FTCMD MGILI VT DNGOIL IL HDV GcKTCVDV D LIFIVGHJHIVX MDHD VTNOI
HI ICCDV TLD VGNeI KJNJ HJN J CJ NICGOGbL JCOD HI VILVGdCI IC DMND
VGNeI KJNJ cJLGgIVMJNCDX CD FTJC LD VI KTIHI WJFIN VGL TLJ gDNcJ
VILVGdCI P VGL JFFGDLIV VJONJHJV STI VI CCJcJL QJFNJcILMDVl Vf
MDV VDL KTNJ P VGcKCIcILMI VcdDCDV D VGOLDVX JTLSTI LD FJNIFIL


"
HI TLJ FGINMJ gTINJX KDN IkIcKCD FGINMJV KJCJdNJV STIX FDcD VI
HGFI FDNNGILMIcILMIX WJL WIFWD gDNMTLJ KDNSTI MGILIL IC JFGINMD HI
KNDKJOJN HIMINcGLJHJV LDFGDLIV VbCGHJV STI KNDHTFIL FDcD TL Gcf
KJFMD IL IC IVKNGMTl D STI IVJV KJCJdNJV VDL KJNJ IVJV LDFGDLIV
IVD VDL CDV QJFNJcILMDV KJNJ IC VILMGcGILMD NICGOGDVD P LJHJ cVl
DHJL IKNIVJNCD FDL cJPDN FCJNGHJH HGFGILHD STI CDV QJFNJcILMDV WJL VGHD
GLVMGMTGHDV VbCD KJNJ JCGcILMJN CJ gIX CD FTJC IVM FDLHILJHD KDN IC mDLFGCGD
HI NILMD ~ zw~tx {~ tst vwt pu z|szqtx}pu wtspx ~xu}~}w~{pu up zsz
z~qtx}zs z t utz zxz}tqz

BCOD WIcDV HGFWD PJ MJcdGnL VDdNI CJ LJMTNJCIJ P IC DNGOIL HI CDV GdNDV
VJONJHDVl QIOL IC IVSTIcJ HI CDV cDHINLGVMJV KDHNJL VIN HIELGHDV FDcD
LJ FDCIFFGbL HI tts~tx|~zu KIND LD HI IKINGILFGJV JC JCFJLFI
HI FTJCSTGINJ VGLD VbCD CJV IMNJDNHGLJNGJV P HIVMJFJHJV FDcD CJV
WJ WJdGHD IL FTJCSTGIN NICGOGbLl
iVMD IV CD STI ILVIRJL CDV cDHINLGVMJV JFINFJ HI LTIVMNDV GdNDV MJLMD HIC
BLMGOTD FDcD HIC UTIeD IVMJcILMDl JNJ JKDPJN VTV MIDNJV JHeGINMIL JVMTf
MJcILMI STI
BTLSTI CJ IKINGILFGJ eINVJ VDdNI IC KNIVILMIX KTIHI MJcdGnL eINVJN
VDdNI JCOD KNIMnNGMD D VDdNI JCOD gTMTND PJ STI STGIL FNII KTIHIX
KDN cIHGD HIC NIFTINHDX ~~s tx stutx}t CJV FDVJV KJVJHJV D KTIHI
eGeGN KDN JLMGFGKJFGbL IC gTMTNDl iVMD IKCGFJ IC STI ILMNI CDV GdNDV
VJONJHDV CDV WJPJ WGVMbNGFDV P JKDFJCKMGFDVl mGINMD STI IL IVMDV
GdNDV _a[ WJdCJ KDN cIHGD HIC FNIPILMI KIND VbCD KDN ~xqzxtx|~z
D tsqzxtx|~z ~}z
iLMDLFIVX STn HGFIL HI CJ GLVKGNJFGbL
J GLVKGNJFGbL IV JSTIC GcKTCVD fKIND cV eIWIcILMIf STI IC FNIPILMI
VGILMI HI cJLGgIVMJN VT gI HI KJCJdNJ D KDN IVFNGMDl BCOD KJNIFGHD J
CJ GLVKGNJFGbL KDnMGFJX KDN CD STI JCOTGIL HGkD ~pu tu} tx xwtu}sp
~x}ts~ps |wzx{p xpu z~}z xpu txzs{t|tqpu
iL IVMI VILMGHD VI HGFI STI CDV GdNDV VJONJHDV VDL GLVKGNJHDVl DV cDHINLGVMJV
JRJHIL STI
UD WJP LJHJ IL IVDV GdNDV STI FJNIFJ HI IVMJ GLVKGNJFGbLl



= Z 5p 

6

9

 7

  


"
mTJLHD JENcJL IVMD VI KDHNJ KILVJN STI VDL cV DNMDHDDV STI DMNDV STI
NIHTFIL CJ GLVKGNJFGbL IFCTPILHD HI ICCJ CJV CCJcJHJV |~}zu } |~}zu IND IV TL
cIND kTIOD HI KJCJdNJVX TL ILOJRDl TIV VG FDLVGHINJcDV CJ GdCGJ HI JFTINHD
FDL CDV KNGLFGKGDV HIC JOLDVMGFGVcD FDcD JCOD WTcJLD WIFWD KDN CDV WDcdNIV
KJNJ CDV WDcdNIVX JTLSTI IC MIbCDOD KTIHJ FJCGEFJNCJ HI HGeGLJ KDN ~xqzxtx|~z
FbcD KTIHI NIVMNGLOGNVI CJ GLVKGNJFGbL mGINMD STI CDV cDHINLGVMJV JENcJL CJ
GLVKGNJFGbL OILINJC HI CDV GdNDV VJONJHDVX KIND LD IL IC VILMGHD FJMbCGFDl

V JdTLHJLMI IV CJ cJMINGJ STI CJ IVFTICJ cDHINLGVMJ DgNIFI JC FDcILMJNGD
IL CD STI VI NIEINI J CJ OCIVGJ
J OCIVGJ VTNOGb KDN HDV LIFIVGHJHIV
J LIFIVGHJH STI MGILI FTJCSTGIN FNIPILMIX KIND IVKIFGJCcILMI
STGIL PJ WJ MILGHD TLJ KNGcINJ P VGLOTCJN IKINGILFGJX HI FDcTf
LGFJN IVMJ IKINGILFGJ J CDV HIcVl
" mTJLHD PJ CJ gI VI WJ FDcTLGFJHD ILMNI eJNGDV IV CJ LIFIVGHJH STI
VGILMI CJ |pt|}~~{z{ HI gDNcJN TL ONTKD P HI HIgILHINX GLFNIcILMJN
P KNDKJOJN IC dGIL FDcLl
iLMDLFIVX STn IV CJ OCIVGJ
iV IC gNTMD HI CJ |px|~tx|~z |pt|}~z D HI CJ TLGbL HI CJV FDLFGILf
FGJV VGLOTCJNIV CJV FTJCIVX IL eGNMTH HI CJ tsqzxtx|~z ~}z IVML
CGOJHJV J TL KNGcIN FNIPILMI IL IC FJVD HI CDV FJMbCGFDVX J ^_[`a
BWDNJ dGILX MDHJ VDFGIHJH LIFIVGMJ TLJ JTMDNGHJH STI HGNGkJ J VTV
FDcKDLILMIV WJFGJ IC EL FDcL P STI FDDNHGLI FDL KNTHILFGJ MDHDV
CDV ICIcILMDV STI FDLMNGdTPIL J VT FDWIVGbLl iL TLJ VDFGIHJH NICGf
OGDVJ IVDV ICIcILMDV VDL CJ HDFMNGLJ P IC FTCMDl iL CJ OCIVGJ mJMbCGFJ
CJ JTMDNGHJH MGILI MNIV eINMGILMIV CJ {~u|~~xzs CJ {pq }~|z P CJ
~} s~|z J LJMTNJCIJ HI IVJ JTMDNGHJH VI KTIHI HIHTFGN HI VT
DNGOILX P HI CJ LJMTNJCIJ VI HIHTFIL CDV HINIFWDV P CDV HIdINIVl
BLMGOTJcILMI gTI TL INNDN FDcL FDLVGHINJN STI CJ JTMDNGHJH IL
CJ OCIVGJ WJdJ eILGHD HIVHI gTINJX IL FDLFNIMDX HGNIFMJcILMI HI
_a[ KDN IVD VI CJ FDLVGHINJdJ FDcD JTMDFNMGFJX JWDNJ IVMD PJ
IVM VTKINJHDl IC cGVcD cDHD STI CJ OCIVGJ WJ KNDFIHGHD HI CJV
FDLFGILFGJV HI CJ FDCIFMGeGHJHX CJ JTMDNGHJH IcJLJ eGMJCcILMI HI
CJ cGVcJ OCIVGJl DN FDLVGOTGILMIX JC GOTJC STI CJ OCIVGJX MJcdGnL
CJ JTMDNGHJH dNDMJ HI CJ FDLFGILFGJ NICGOGDVJ P IVM VTdDNHGLJHJ J
nVMJ VG MJC VTdDNHGLJFGbL HIVJKJNIFI VI FDLeGINMI IL TLJ JTMDNGf
HJH MGNLGFJl GeGcDV TLDV cDcILMDV IL CDV STI IC VILMGHD HI CJ
%

&


"
CGdINMJH IVM JCFJLJLHD VT KTLMD COGHD iL CJ VDFGIHJH FGeGC CJ
FDLFGILFGJ KdCGFJ GcKTVD CJ HIcDFNJFGJl IND IC WDcdNI LD MGILI
cV STI TLJ FDLFGILFGJX FDcD VbCD MGILI TLJ eGHJl DN FDLVGOTGILf
MIX VG LD VI STGINI KNDeDFJN IL IC WDcdNI TL FDL GFMD GLMINLDX CJ
JTMDNGHJH HI CJ OCIVGJ HIdI JHDKMJN TL NnOGcIL HIcDFNMGFDX MJLMD
cV FTJLMD STI VG LD CD WJFI JVX FJcGLJ WJFGJ VT KNDKGJ HIVMNTf
FFGbLl QINJ CDFTNJ KILVJN STI IL IC KNDFIVD JFMTJC WJFGJ CJ CGdINMJH
KTIHJ WJdIN TL NIONIVDl QG VI CI KNIMILHI FDJFFGDLJN D gNILJN KDN
CJ gTINJ IVMI KNDFIVD CD JNNJVMNJN MDHD FDL eGDCILFGJX GLFCTGHJ CJ
OCIVGJ P CJ NICGOGbLl
BV HGVFTNNIL CDV cDHINLGVMJV P VI JgJLJL KDN ILFDLMNJN CJV gbNcTCJV STI FDLf
FGCGIL CJ JTMDNGHJH HI CJ OCIVGJ FDL CJ CGdINMJH HI CDV FNIPILMIVl
`

J OCIVGJ MGILI OILMI FDL CJ STI CI FDLeGILI MILIN JcGVMJHX LD VbCD HILMND
HI FJVJ VGLD MJcdGnL gTINJl UD IVM VDCJX IL IC cTLHD WJP DMNJV VDFGIHJHIV FDL
CJV STI CI IV GLIeGMJdCI IVMJN IL FDLMJFMDl iV KTIV KNIFGVD HIMINcGLJN MJcdGnL
FTCIV HIdIL VIN VTV HINIFWDV P VTV HIdINIV FDL NIVKIFMD J CJV VDFGIHJHIV FGeGCIVX
KIND nVMD VI WJ HI WJFIN HI JFTINHD FDL CJ HIELGFGbL STI CDV cDHINLGVMJV LDV
WJL HJHD HI CJ OCIVGJl JNJ ICCD IcKCIJL CJV cGVcJV NIOCJV STI PJ CIV WJL
VINeGHD KJNJ CJ FGILFGJ P CJ gIl iL JSTnCCD VI WJdCJdJ HI pr t}pu IL nVMD VI
WJdCJ HI xtu
OTJC STI CJ gI P CJ FGILFGJ VDL HGVMGLMJV ILMNI V KDN szx {t pr t
}p MJcdGnL IC iVMJHD P CJ OCIVGJ VDL JkILDV IC TLD JC DMND KDN CDV
ELIV STI KINVGOTILX TLD MIcKDNJC DMND IVKGNGMTJCl iL TL MGIcKD INJ
CIOMGcD STI CD MIcKDNJC IVMTeGIVI VTdDNHGLJHD J CD IVKGNGMTJCX INJ
CIOMGcD STI IGVMGINJL cJMINGJV q~}zu IL CJV STI CJ OCIVGJ GLMINf
eILJ FDcD HTIRJ P VIRDNJX PJ STI VI KILVJdJ STI CJ OCIVGJ WJdJ
VGHD gTLHJHJ HGNIFMJcILMI KDN _a[ FDcD JTMDN HIC DNHIL VDdNIf
LJMTNJCl IND ECbVDgDV I WGVMDNGJHDNIV NIFWJJL JWDNJ IVMJ MIDNJ
CTIODX WJP STI VIKJNJN IC iVMJHD HI CJ OCIVGJ FDcD WJP STI VIKJf
NJN JC FJMbCGFD HIC FGTHJHJLDl iL FDLVIFTILFGJ FTJCSTGIN FJMbCGFDX
fKTIVMD STI MJcdGnL IV FGTHJHJLD JC cJNOIL HI CJ JTMDNGHJH HI
CJ OCIVGJX VGL MILIN IL FTILMJ CDV HIVIDV P FDLVIkDV HI nVMJ I GLf
FCTVD VGL WJFIN FJVD HI VTV JcDLIVMJFGDLIVfX MGILI IC HINIFWD P IC
HIdIN HI WJFIN CD STI FDLVGHINI DKDNMTLD KJNJ FDLVIOTGN IC dGIL HI
CJ VDFGIHJHl LHGFJN fFDL FTJCSTGIN KNIMIMDf FTC MGILI STI VIN CJ
cJLINJ HI JFMTJN HI TL FGTHJHJLDX IV TL JdTVD KDN KJNMI HI CJ
JTMDNGHJH IFCIVGVMGFJ STI HIdI VIN NIFWJJHD FDL MDHJ ILINOJl



DV KNGLFGKGDV HI HDLHI KNDeGILIL MDHJV IVMJV FDVJVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX VDL
CDV STI UTIVMND KNIHIFIVDN a FDLHILb VDCIcLIcILMI IL CJ mDLVMGMTFGbL
BKDVMbCGFJ w|}pstq {t~l
IND LD VI FDLMILMJ CJ IVFTICJ cDHINLGVMJ FDL VIKJNJN JV IC iVMJHD HI CJ
OCIVGJl
IC cGVcD cDHD STI CJ gI HIdI VDcIMINVI J CD STI CCJcJL ICIcILMDV
gILDcILDCbOGFDVX CJ OCIVGJ HIdI VDcIMINVI JC iVMJHD IL CDV JVTLMDV
MIcKDNJCIVl
TG LD CD HGOJL JV JdGINMJcILMI KIND VI eIL DdCGOJHDV J JHcGMGNCD KDN TL
NJDLJcGILMD CbOGFDl JHD STI VbCD IC iVMJHD KTIHI GLMINeILGN IL CJV FDVJV
MIcKDNJCIVX VG VI H IC FJVD HI STI TL FNIPILMI LD VI VJMGVgJFI VDCJcILMI FDL
CDV JFMDV GLMINLDV HI NICGOGbL P STGINI CCIeJN J FJdD JCOL JFMD IMINLD FDcDX
KDN IkIcKCDX CJ JHcGLGVMNJFGbL D CJ NIFIKFGbL HI CDV QJFNJcILMDVX IVMD FJI LIFIf
VJNGJcILMI dJkD CJ KDMIVMJH HIC iVMJHDl Tn DFTNNI ILMDLFIV FDL CJ JTMDNGHJH
IFCIVGVMGFJ
mDcD CJ JTMDNGHJH LD VI IkINFI VGLD KDN cIHGD HI JFMDV IMINLDVX
STIHJN IL MDHD VDcIMGHJ JC HDcGLGD HIC iVMJHDl
TFWDV KNDMIVMJLMIV ~rtsztu DdCGOJHDV KDN CJ gTINJ HI IVMJ FDLFCTVGbLX VTKNGf
cIL MDHD FTCMD VJONJHD IMINLD P MDHJ VDFGIHJH NICGOGDVJ IMINLJ MNJMJLHD HI
GLMNDHTFGN CJ STI CCJcJL NICGOGbL ~x{~~{wz QG CDV cDHINLGVMJV LD CCIOJL MDf
HJeJ WJVMJ IVMDV IMNIcDVX V KNIMILHIL fKDN IC cDcILMDf STI CJ OCIVGJ JFIKMI
CDV FJcGLDV STI ICCDV CI KNDKDLIL P VI JHJKMI J CJV gDNcJV FGeGCIVl JVMJ JST
IL CD STI WJFI NIgINILFGJ J CJ JTMDNGHJH {~u|~~xzs
"

LM



iL FTJLMD J CJ JTMDNGHJH {p|}s~xz P {pq }~|z VDL cTFWD KIDNIV P HICIMnf
NIDV VTV KTLMDV HI eGVMJl BV HGVFTNNIL VDdNI IC JOGVMINGD HI CJ OCIVGJ
J VDFGIHJH NICGOGDVJ LD KTIHIX HI LGLOTLJ cJLINJX MILIN FDWIVGbL
VG MDHDV VTV cGIcdNDV LD MGILIL TLJ cGVcJ FDLFGILFGJ P LD TMGf
CGJL TLJ cGVcJ gbNcTCJl IND JcdJVX CJ TLGHJH HI FDLFGILFGJ P

m X ]  Z5 5p  n 1
{ 9

{
9



8

| |

9

|

9



z

9

|

|

{

{



8 |
|

+ / .

97

{

m X ]  Z 5 5p 

v{

9|

|
|
{

7

7

|

 {



+ / .

7

z

{

8



, +.



9


6


, +.

9|
|


"
CJ TLGHJH HI gbNcTCJX IGOIL TLJ TLGHJH HI IVKNGMT STI IV CJ STI
eJ J EkJN CJ gbNcTCJ FDNNIVKDLHGILMI J CJ FDLFGILFGJ FDcL P IVI
IVKNGMT WJ HI MILIN MJcdGnL CJ JTMDNGHJH LIFIVJNGJ KJNJ GcKDLIN
J CJ FDcTLGHJH CJ gbNcTCJ ICJdDNJHJ KDN nCl
iL IVMJ FDLeINOILFGJ D gTVGbL HIC IVKNGMT STI ICGOI TLJ gbNcTCJ P HI CJ JTMDNGf
HJH STI CJ GcKDLIX VGMJL CDV cDHINLGVMJV CJ LDFGbL HI JOGVMINGD iFCIVGVMGFDl
FDLMGLJL
TIVMD STI IC cJOGVMINGD WJ LJFGHD HI CJV FDLFGILFGJV VGLOTCJNIV
P MGILI CJ cGVGbL HI eICJN KDN IC dGIL HI CJV cGVcJVX NIVTCMJ STI
HIKILHI HI ICCJV P HIdI GLFCGLJNVI WJFGJ CJV gDNcJV KDKTCJNIVl DN
IVD VINJ TL JdTVD fP LD TL TVDf HI CJ JTMDNGHJHX FDLFIHGHJ KJNJ
IC KNDeIFWD HI MDHDVX IC KNDWGdGN STI CDV GLHGeGHTDV IKNIVIL FDL
CGdINMJH CDV GcKTCVDV STI VGILMIL P IC KDLIN DdVMFTCDV J CJ FNMGFJ
STI GcKTCVJ JC HDOcJ WJFGJ CJV LIFIVJNGJV IeDCTFGDLIVl iL IC IkINf
FGFGD HI CJ JTMDNGHJH VI WJ HI IcKCIJN cDHINJFGbL P MIcKCJLJl
mDLHILJN P KNDWGdGN TL IVFNGMD FTJCSTGINJX VGL FDLDFGcGILMD HIC
JTMDN P VGL HJN LGLOTLJ IKCGFJFGbL LG VDcIMINCD J HGVFTVGbLX NJPJ
IL CJ MGNJLJl JdN STI ILFDLMNJN TLJ gbNcTCJ GLMINcIHGJ KJNJ
NIVKIMJN CDV HINIFWDV HI CJ JTMDNGHJH P CDV HI CJ CGdINMJHl GILf
MNJVX IC FJMbCGFD HIdI JFMTJN HI cJLINJ STI IL KdCGFD NIVKIMI J
CJ JTMDNGHJH KIND VGL HIkJN KDN ICCD HI MILIN IL FTILMJ VT KNDKGJ
GLVKGNJFGbLl
J KDVMTNJ STI IL OILINJC JHDKMJL FDL NIVKIFMD J CJ OCIVGJ IV nVMJ
TIVMD STI CJ JTMDNGHJH IFCIVGVMGFJ VbCD WJ HI NIgINGNVI JC EL IVf
KGNGMTJCX WJP STI VTKNGcGN FTJCSTGIN cJLGgIVMJFGbL IMINLJ STI CJ
WJOJ JKJNIFIN FDL HIcJVGJHJ cJOLGEFILFGJl
iL IVMD DCeGHJL STIX VG dGIL CJ NICGOGbL VI NIEINI JC IVKNGMTX LD MINcGLJ IL nC P
KJVJL KDN JCMD STI CJ WDLNJ STI VI MNGdTMJ J CJ JTMDNGHJH NIFJI VDdNI ^_[`a
STGIL IV VT gTLHJHDNl

JNJ FDcKCIMJN CJ IKDVGFGbL HI IVMJ cJMINGJ JFINFJ HI CJ gI P HI CJV HGf
eINVJV gDNcJV IL STI IeDCTFGDLJ LDV STIHJX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX IVFTFWJN CJ
IKCGFJFGbL STI CDV cDHINLGVMJV HJL JC HIVJNNDCCD HI TLJ P DMNJl JNMIL HI TL
KNGLFGKGD OILINJC
iL TLJ NICGOGbL eGeJ LD WJP LJHJ GLeJNGJdCI PX KDN CD MJLMDX STI LD
HIdJ HI VIN eJNGJHDl
`


"
BNNJLFJLHD HI JST CCIOJL J CD STI IV FJVG IC KTLMD cV GcKDNMJLMI HI VT
HDFMNGLJX CJ tpw|~x
DN FDLVGOTGILMI VG LD STGINIL gILIFIN IC HDOcJX CJ OCIVGJX IC FTCMD
VJONJHDX CDV GdNDV eILINJHDV FDcD VJLMDV I GLFCTVD CJ gI cGVcJX
MGILIL STI VDcIMINVI J CJV CIPIV HI CJ IeDCTFGbLl
UD IV HI IMNJRJN IVMJ JENcJFGbL MILGILHD IL FTILMJ CD STI CDV cDHINLGVMJV
ILVIRJL VDdNI FJHJ TLJ HI IVMJV FDVJVl iVMJdCIFGHJ IVMJ CIPX CDV cGVcDV cDf
HINLGVMJV LDV HIVFNGdIL CJ cJLINJ IL STI CJ IeDCTFGbL VI NIJCGJl IJcDV IL
KNGcIN CTOJN CD STI HGFIL HI CJ gI
iL TL FDcGILD CJ gI INJ NTHGcILMJNGJ P INJ FDcL J MDHDV CDV
WDcdNIVX PJ STI dNDMJdJ HI CJ cGVcJ LJMTNJCIJ WTcJLJ P HI CJ
eGHJ HIC WDcdNIl iC MNJLVFTNVD HI CJ eGHJ CJ WGD KNDONIVJNX LD FDL
JRJHGHTNJV IMINLJV VGLD KDNSTI IC VILMGcGILMD NICGOGDVD GdJ Gcf
KNIOLJLHD FJHJ eI cV CJ FDLFGILFGJl iVMI KNDONIVD VI KNDHTkD HI
HDV cJLINJV TLJ xtz}~z NIFWJJLHD FTJCSTGIN ICIcILMD IMNJRD
FDcD KDHNJ VIN IC STI eGLGINJ HI CJ gJcGCGJ D HI CJ LJFGbL DMNJ
pu~}~z FDL IC NIELJcGILMD GLMICIFMTJC P cDNJC HIC WDcdNI STI
KNDeDFJdJ TLJ cV JcKCGJ P CFGHJ LDFGbL HI CD HGeGLD P WJFJ
cV ICIeJHD IC utx}~q~tx}p st~~pup
JV FJTVJV HI IVMI KNDONIVD IL CJ gI VDL CJV cGVcJV PJ FGMJHJV JC
WJdCJN HI VT DNGOILl B IVMJV FJTVJV WJP STI JRJHGN HIMINcGLJHDV
WDcdNIV fJ CDV STI CCJcJcDV NDgIMJV P ILMNI CDV FTJCIV IC cV
IcGLILMI IV ^_[`afX dGIL KDNSTI IL VT eGHJ P IL VTV KJCJdNJV
cJLGgIVMJdJL JCOD STI CJ gI JMNGdTJ J CJ HGeGLGHJH D dGIL KDNSTI
MTeGINDL tts~tx|~zu GLnHGMJV STI NIVKDLHJL J CJV LIFIVGHJHIV NIf
CGOGDVJV HI VT MGIcKDl
IND HI cJLINJ KNGLFGKJC IC HDOcJ KNDONIVJ KDNSTI WJP STI VTKINJN
CDV DdVMFTCDV KTIVMDV J CJ gIX WJP STI eILFIN J CDV ILIcGODVX WJP
STI NIgTMJN J CDV FDLMNJHGFMDNIVl B IVMD VI HIdI JRJHGN TL FDLMGf
LTJHD IVgTIND KJNJ KNDgTLHGJN IL CDV cGVMINGDV STI CJ gI FDLMGILIl
JcDV J IVFDOIN ILMNI MDHDV CDV IkIcKCDV IC HI ^_[`a iVI zp
HGeGLD STI CJ gI NIFDLDFI IL C gTI MDcJLHD FTINKD GLVILVGdCIcILMIX
KDFD J KDFDX WJVMJ CCIOJN J VIN FDLVGHINJHD _a[
DN CD STI VI NIEINI J CJ IeDCTFGbL HIC FTCMDX CD cV GcKDNMJLMI STI
WJP STI MILIN IL FTILMJ IV CJ LIFIVGHJH HI JHJKMJNVI J CJV FDVMTcf
dNIV MNJHGFGDLJCIV HI CDV KTIdCDV P MJcdGnL WJP STI JKNDeIFWJN CJ
IEFJFGJ STI JCOTLDV JFMDV WJL NIFGdGHD KDN IC TVDl
DN CMGcDX CJ IGOILFGJ HI STI IL CJ OCIVGJ WJPJ TLJ IeDCTFGbL
VTNOI HI CJ LIFIVGHJH HI IVMJN IL JNcDLJ FDL CJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV
WGVMbNGFJV P FDL CJV gDNcJV IGVMILMIV HI CDV NIOcILIV FGeGCIVl


"
iVMD IV CD STI HGFIL VDdNI FJHJ TLD HI IVMDV KTLMDVl IND JLMIV HI FDLMGf
LTJN STINIcDV JHeINMGN STI WJP STI MDcJN dTILJ LDMJ HI IVMJ HDFMNGLJ HI CJV
xt|tu~{z{tu D ~x{~tx|~zu eTCOJNcILMI ICCDV CJ CCJcJL {t~ r~upx~ HI TL cDHD
cV VGOLGEFJMGeDX KTIV IV CJ dJVI P IC gTLHJcILMD HI MDHD CD STI CCIeJcDV eGVMD
P HI VT gJcDVD cnMDHD STI ICCDV HILDcGLJL WGVMbNGFDl
LVGVMGILHD IL CJ HDFMNGLJ HI CJ IeDCTFGbL IV HI JHeINMGN STI
QG dGIL CJV GLHGOILFGJV D LIFIVGHJHIV IcKTkJL WJFGJ CJ IeDCTFGbLX
CCIeJNJL cV J CJ NTGLJ STI JC KNDONIVD VG VI CJV HIkJNJ JFMTJN CGdNIf
cILMI PJ STI FDL gJFGCGHJH MNJVKJVJNJL CDV CcGMIV HI CJ MNJHGFGbLX
FDNMJLHD JV CJ FDLIGbL FDL VT KNGLFGKGD eGMJCl
DN IVDX JLJCGJLHD FDL cV JOTHIJ CJ cILMI HI CDV cDHINLGVMJV
J IeDCTFGbL VI KNDHTFI KDN CJ JFFGbL HI HDV gTINJV FDLMNJNGJV
TLJ STI GcKTCVJ WJFGJ IC KNDONIVD P DMNJ STI MGILHI J FDLVINeJN CJ
MNJHGFGbLl J gTINJ FDLVINeJHDNJ IVM eGeJ IL CJ OCIVGJ P VI FDLf
MGILI IL CJ MNJHGFGbL VI cJLGEIVMJ IL CJ JTMDNGHJH NICGOGDVJ MJLMD
HI HINIFWD fPJ STI IV KNDKGD HI CJ JTMDNGHJH cJLMILIN CJ MNJHGFGbLf
FDcD HI WIFWDX KTIV CJ JTMDNGHJH IVM HIVFDLIFMJHJ HI CDV JFDLf
MIFGcGILMDV HI CJ eGHJ P LD VI VGILMI LJHJ D FJVG LJHJ TNOGHJ J
KNDcDeIN IC KNDONIVDl DN IC FDLMNJNGDX CJ gTINJ KNDONIVGVMJ STI
NIVKDLHI J CJV IGOILFGJV LMGcJV VI WJCCJ P VI JOGMJ IL CJV FDLFGILf
FGJV HI CDV GLHGeGHTDVX IVKIFGJCcILMI IL JSTICCDV STI fFDcD VI HGFIf
IVML IL LMGcD FDLMJFMD FDL CJ eGHJl
J eIcDVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX FbcD eJ JKTLMJLHD IVJ HDFMNGLJ HIcDCIHDNJ
STI gTNMGeJcILMI STGINI WJFIN HI CDV CJGFDV ICIcILMDV HI KNDONIVD IL CJ OCIVGJ
I CJ FDcdGLJFGbL P IC JFTINHD HI IVMJV HDV gTINJV CJ FDLVINeJHDNJ
P CJ KNDONIVGVMJX IV HIFGNX HI CJ FDLkTOJFGbL HI CJ JTMDNGHJH P CJV
FDLFGILFGJV HI CDV GLHGeGHTDVX LJFIL CDV KNDONIVDV P CDV FJcdGDVl
JV FDLFGILFGJV HI CDV GLHGeGHTDV fD JC cILDV JCOTLJV HI ICCJVfX
JFMJL VDdNI CJ FDLFGILFGJ FDCIFMGeJ P nVMJ VDdNI STGILIV HIMILMJL
CJ JTMDNGHJH P JV CIV DdCGOJL J KJFMJN P J cJLMILIN CD KJFMJHDl

QI FDcKNILHI JWDNJ KDN STn CDV cDHINLGVMJV VI IMNJRJL HI STI VI CIV CCJcI
CJ JMILFGbL D VI CIV FJVMGOTIl D STI VI CIV JFWJFJ FDcD FTCKJ IV KJNJ ICCDV IC
FTcKCGcGILMD HI TL HIdIN NICGOGDVDl UJHGIX LG JL CJ cGVcJ JTMDNGHJH IFCIf
VGVMGFJX FDLDFI cIkDN STI ICCDV CJV LIFIVGHJHIV HI CJV FDLFGILFGJV KTIV MGILIL
TL JFFIVD cV HGNIFMD J ICCJVl iL NIJCGHJH ICCDV NILIL IL V MDHJV IVJV LIFIVGf
HJHIVX KDN IVD VI VGILMIL FDL CJ DdCGOJFGbL HI WJdCJN P IVFNGdGN KdCGFJcILMIl
`


TI CJ JTMDNGHJH CDV FJVMGOTI VG STGINIX PJ STI ICCDV DdNJL IL FDLFGILFGJ P
IVML LMGcJcILMI FDLeILFGHDV HI STI cINIFIL JCJdJLJV P LD FJVMGODl QJdIL
STI LD VI KTIHI KNDONIVJN VGL CTFWJV P STI LD WJP CTFWJV VGL eFMGcJV IVML
HGVKTIVMDV J VIN ICCDV CJV eFMGcJVX FDcD CD gTINDL CDV NDgIMJV P ^_[`a
MJcKDFD OTJNHJL NILFDN WJFGJ CJ JTMDNGHJH STI CDV FJVMGOJ KTIV NIFDLDFIL STI
FTcKCI FDL VT DdCGOJFGbLl QI CJcILMJL HI STI LD VI CIV IVFTFWI P JV VI NIMNJVI
IC KNDONIVD HI CJV JCcJVX KIND CCIOJN FDL MDHJ VIOTNGHJH IC cDcILMD HI JFJdJN
FDL IVJ MJNHJLJ PJ STI CJV CIPIV HI CJ IeDCTFGbL VI KDHNL FDJNMJN KIND LD
VI KTIHIL HIVMNTGNl INVIeINJL IL IC FJcGLD IcKNILHGHDX KINVIeINJL JTLSTI
VIJL JcDLIVMJHDV P FDLHILJHDVX HGVGcTCJLHD VT GLFNIdCI JTHJFGJ dJkD TLJ
cVFJNJ HI WTcGCHJHl JFIL FDcD STI dJkJL CJ FJdIJ KIND IL VTV WIFWDV
P IL VTV GLMILFGDLIV FDLMGLJL FDL cJPDN DVJHJ CJ MJNIJ STI FDcILJNDLl
dNJL JV HICGdINJHJ P MJGcJHJcILMI KDNSTI IVML FDLeILFGHDV HI STI LD WJP
STI HIVMNTGN CJ JTMDNGHJH VGLD VDVMILINCJ P KDNSTI STGINIL KINcJLIFIN IL CJ
OCIVGJ KJNJ GN FJcdGJLHD KJTCJMGLJcILMI CJ FDLFGILFGJ FDCIFMGeJl UD VI HJL
FTILMJ HI STI JC HIFGN IVMD IVML NIFDLDFGILHD STI CJ FDLFGILFGJ FDCIFMGeJ LD
FDLFTINHJ FDL ICCDV PX KDN CD MJLMDX LD MGILIL HINIFWD J INGOGNVI IL GLMnNKNIMIV
HI CJ cGVcJl

J eIGVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX STI KJNJ CJ HDFMNGLJ P CJV cJSTGLJFGDLIV
HI CDV cDHINLGVMJV LD HIdI WJdIN LJHJ IVMJdCI LG GLcTMJdCI IL CJ OCIVGJl JL
MILGHD TLDV JLMIFIHILMIV IL JSTICCDV HI STGILIV UTIVMND NIHIFIVDN a
IVFNGdJ u}pu txtq~pu {t z {~~xz sttz|~x sp{~zx szx{tu zzrzxzu z
spstup owqzxp vwtsszx |px }tqtszs~z uz|stz puz{z ~x}sp{w|~sp tx
z tu~z |pqp u~ z st~~x xp wtut prsz {t _a[ u~xp {t pu opqrstu p wx
~xtx}p {t z pupz vwt z{q~}z wx tst||~pxzq~tx}p ps qt{~pu owqzxpul
iL FTJLMD J CJ NIeICJFGbL P JC HDOcJ LD WJP LGLOTLJ LDeIHJH IL CJ HDFf
MNGLJ HI CDV cDHINLGVMJVX HGFIL CD STI PJ FDLHILb a IL IC zrwu z
sttz|~x {~~xz tu ~qtst|}z ps }zx}p tu} uw t}z z wx |px}~xwp t ~x
{t x~{p spstup vwt |psstupx{z z spstup {t z szx owqzxzl iL IC
mDLFGCGD JMGFJLD VI FDLHILb IVMD cGVcD cV VDCIcLIcILMI z {p|}s~xz {t
z t vwt _a[ stt xp tu} spwtu}z |pqp wx ~xtx}p {t z pupz vwt
ut wt{z tst||~pxzs ps t ~xtx~p owqzxp u~xp |pqp wx {tu~}p {~~xp
tx}stz{p z z tupuz {t ^_[`a oz {t uts tqtx}t |wu}p{~z{z t ~xz~rt
qtx}t {t|zsz{z ps tu}p pu {pqzu uzsz{pu ozx {t uts qzx}tx~{pu zsz
u~tqst tx t utx}~{p {t|zsz{p wxz t ps z zx}z z{st tu~z xwx|z
oz vwt zzs}zsut {t tut utx}~{p |px t st}t}p {t oz|tspu q u ~x}t~~rtul



LM

'

LM

'

2   3 45 
6~

z8

{ 8 9 z8

 ] X ]  Z 5 5p 

j   Z ^ 5^ ?  5 p 

 q < =  Y 5 = x \ X = < =

   ] 3^ ? 4 

@A w

mDL IVMD LD VI KDLIL MNJdJV JC HIVJNNDCCD HI LTIVMNDV FDLDFGcGILMDVX GLFCTGHD

IC FDLDFGcGILMD HI CJ gIX VGLD STI VI CIV KNIVMJ TLJ JPTHJ P VI CIV IVMGcTCJl
DN IVD IC cGVcD mDLFGCGD JMGFJLD FDLMGLJ st|z wtu zzx|t ozu}z p
~x{t|~rt z ~x}t~tx|~z z |~tx|~z z uzr~{wsz {t pu ~x{~~{wpu {t }p{pu
z {t wx upp opqrst z {t }p{z z tu~z qzu u~x uz~sut {t uw }tsstxp tu
{t|~s tx t q~uqp {pqz tx t q~uqp utx}~{p |px z q~uqz psqwz|~xl
IVKTnV HI WJdIN IVMTHGJHD JC cDHINLGVMJ ECbVDgDX JC FNIPILMI P JC MIbCDODX
LDV STIHJ KDN eIN JC WGVMDNGJHDNX JC FNMGFDX JC JKDCDOGVMJ P JC NIgDNcJHDNl

'

8 8 A = A;: A:A:; @A :A8

BCOTLDV cDHINLGVMJV STI VI HIHGFJL J CJ GLeIVMGOJFGbL WGVMbNGFJ KDLIL ONJL
IcKIRD IL LD VIN MDcJHDV KDN ECbVDgDV I GLFCTVD FDLEIVJL STI FJVG LD VJdIL
ECDVDgJl iV TLJ JFMGMTH HI CD cV JVMTMJ KTIV CD STI IL NIJCGHJH MIcIL IV STI
JCOTGIL KGILVI STI IVML CCILDV HI KNIkTGFGDV ECDVbEFDV PX KDN FDLVGOTGILMIX LD
KTIHJL VIN ILMINJcILMI pr t}~pu FDcD ICCDV HGFILl IND CD FGINMD IV STI VT
WGVMDNGJ P VT FNMGFJ WJdCJL cINJ ECDVDgJ MDHJV CJV FDLFCTVGDLIV J STI CCIOJL
IVML HIHTFGHJV KDN TL NJFGDFGLGD CbOGFD HI CDV KNGLFGKGDV HI VT ECDVDgJX CD FTJC
IV IeGHILMI KJNJ FTJCSTGINJ STI VI KJNI J KILVJNl

JV MNIV KNGcINJV NIOCJV HI IVMDV WGVMDNGJHDNIV D FNMGFDV VDL CDV cGVcDV
KNGLFGKGDV STI JMNGdTJcDV J CDV ECbVDgDV IC zxpu}~|~uqp CJ MIDNJ HI CJ }szxu
wsz|~x HI CJV FDVJV KDN cIHGD HI CJ gI P IC STI WIcDV CCJcJHD HI CJ {tu
wsz|~x IJcDV CJV FDLFCTVGDLIV J STI CCIOJ FJHJ TLD HI IVMDV KNGLFGKGDV IL
IC FJcKD HI CJ WGVMDNGJl JNJ IC zxpu}~|~uqp
J WGVMDNGJ eINVJX FDcD CJ FGILFGJX VDCJcILMI VDdNI gILbcILDV KDN
FDLVGOTGILMIX MJLMD CJ GLMINeILFGbL HI _a[ FDcD FTJCSTGIN DMNJ
GLMINeILFGbL VDdNILJMTNJC KINMILIFIL JC FJcKD HI CJ gIX KTIV VbCD J
ICCJ VI NIEINILl BV KTIVX VG JCOD WJP STI FDLVMI HI CDV HDV ICIcILMDVX
IC HGeGLD P IC WTcJLDX FDcD ^_[`a CJ OCIVGJX CDV QJFNJcILMDV P
DMNJV FDVJV JVX WJP STI HGeGHGN P HGVMNGdTGN JHkTHGFJLHD CD WTcJLD
J CJ WGVMDNGJ P CD HGeGLD J CJ gIl
iV KDN MJLMD FDNNGILMI ILMNI CDV cDHINLGVMJV HGVMGLOTGN ILMNI IC ^_[`a HI CJ
WGVMDNGJ P IC ^_[`a HI CJ gIX CJ OCIVGJ HI CJ WGVMDNGJ P CJ OCIVGJ HI CJ gIX CDV
QJFNJcILMDV HI CJ WGVMDNGJ P CDV QJFNJcILMDV HI CJ gIX IMFl

  d



" j   Z ^ 5^ ?  5 p 

   ] 3^ ? 4 


IND LD VI KTIHI KINHIN HI eGVMJ STI J MNJenV HI CJ }szxu wsz|~x
CJ gI WJ ICIeJHD KDN ILFGcJ HI CJV FDLHGFGDLIV WGVMbNGFJV J IVI ICIf
cILMD WTcJLD STI IC WGVMDNGJHDN NIFCJcJ KJNJ V MJC FDcD JKJNIFI
IL CDV HDFTcILMDVl LMINIVJ KTIV ILMNIVJFJN IVMJV JRJHGHTNJV KTIVf
MJV KDN CJ gI P NIFCTGNCJV JC cdGMD HI IVJ gI JVX KDN IkIcKCDX IL
IC FJVD HI ^_[`a MDHD CD STI VTKINJ VT FDLHGFGbL WTcJLJ MJLMD
IL CD LJMTNJC P KVGFDCbOGFDX FDcD IL CD STI VI NIEINI JC CTOJN P JC
MGIcKD IL STI eGeGbl
BHIcVX IL eGNMTH HIC MINFIN KNGLFGKGD ECDVbEFD
JP STI FNGdJN CD STI LD VI VJCI HI CJ IVgINJ HI CJ WGVMDNGJ P ICGcGLJNX
NIcGMGnLHDCD J CJ gIX MDHD CD STI LD IVM IL JNcDLJ FDL CJ ~|z
HI CDV WIFWDV D LD IV JHIFTJHD J CJV KINVDLJVl
BVX JENcJL STI ^_[`a LD HGkD CJV FDVJV STI IVMJdJL KDN ILFGcJ HI CJ GLf
MICGOILFGJ HI CJV cJVJV P ICGcGLJL HI CJ WGVMDNGJ stzX NIcGMGnLHDCJV J CJ gIX
MDHJV CJV JCIODNJV STI JKJNIFIL IL VTV HGVFTNVDVl DHNJcDV KNIOTLMJN IL
eGNMTH HI STn CIP VI WJFI IVMJ HGVFNGcGLJFGbL
iL eGNMTH HI CJ cJLINJ HI VIN HIC WDcdNIX HI VT FDLHGFGbL VDFGJCX
HI VT IHTFJFGbL P HI CJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV STI CI NDHIJLl
iL TLJ KJCJdNJX IL eGNMTH HI TLJ LDNcJ cINJcILMI uwr t}~z GLMILMJL GHILf
MGEFJNVI FDL CJ KINVDLJ HI ^_[`a KDLINVI IL VT CTOJNX P CI JMNGdTPIL CD STI
ICCDV WJdNJL WIFWD HI WJCCJNVI IL VTV FGNFTLVMJLFGJVl
JNJ MINcGLJNX z s~ps~ P IL eGNMTH HI TLDV KNGLFGKGDV ECDVbEFDV STI ICCDV
LGIOJL KNDgIVJNX JENcJL
iL CJ WGVMDNGJ stz ^_[`a LD IV _a[ LG WGD LJHJ HGeGLDX FDcD
WDcdNI VbCD CCIeb J FJdD P VbCD HGkD CD STI VI FDLVGHINJ HI JFTINHD
FDL IC MGIcKD IL STI eGeGbl
"

BV FDcD CJ WGVMDNGJ FDLHGFGDLJ VTV FDLFCTVGDLIV J CJ ECDVDgJX JV IC FNMGFD
FDLHGFGDLJ CJV VTPJV J CJ WGVMDNGJl iC FNMGFD VIKJNJ CDV HJMDV STI CI DgNIFI IC
WGVMDNGJHDN VIOL HDV FDLFIKMDV CD STI WJ STIHJHD HIVKTnV HI CJ MNGKCI cJLGf
KTCJFGbL STI WIcDV IKTIVMD KINMILIFI J CJ WGVMDNGJ NIJCX IC NIVMD KINMILIFI J CJ
WGVMDNGJ HI CJ gI D WGVMDNGJ GLMINLJl iVMJV HDV WGVMDNGJV VDL FCJNJcILMI HGVMGLMJV
ILMNI V P WJP STI JHeINMGN STI CJ WGVMDNGJ HI CJ gI VI DKDLI J CJ WGVMDNGJ NIJC
IL FTJLMD NIJCl I JW STI WJPJ HDV mNGVMDV


  d



LD IC ^_[`a NIJCX DMND IC ^_[`a STI LTLFJ IGVMGb KIND STI

KINMILIFI J CJ gI TLD STI eGeGb IL TL HIMINcGLJHD MGIcKD P CTOJNX
DMND STI VbCD VI ILFTILMNJ IL CJV KGJHDVJV IVKIFTCJFGDLIV HI CJ
gIl JCX KDN IkIcKCDX IV IC ^_[`a STI KNIVILMJ IC IeJLOICGD HI
VJL TJLX CGdND STI LD IVX IL MDHD VT FDLMILGHDX VGLD TLJ cINJ
IVKIFTCJFGbLl
UD JFJdJ FDL IVMD IC HDcGLGD HI CJ ECDVDgJ VDdNI CJ WGVMDNGJl LJ eI HGVf
MNGdTGHDV CDV HJMDV D HDFTcILMDV IL CDV HDV ONTKDV FGMJHDV eTICeI J GLMINeILGN
IC ECbVDgD FDL VT HDOcJ HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z ~}z P JENcJ STI
DHD CD STI WJP IL CJ WGVMDNGJ HI CJ OCIVGJ WJ HI VIN IKCGFJHD
KDN cIHGD HI CJ tqzxz|~x ~}z mDcD FTJCSTGIN IcJLJFGbL eGMJC
MGILI VT FJTVJ IL CJ LIFIVGHJH D GLHGOILFGJ NIVTCMJ STI IC WIFWD LD VI
KTIHI HJN JLMIV STI CJ LIFIVGHJHX CTIOD IC WIFWD IV WGVMbNGFJcILMI
KDVMINGDN J CJ LIFIVGHJHl
Tn WJFI ILMDLFIV IC WGVMDNGJHDN
TICeI J JLJCGJN CDV HDFTcILMDV fMJLMD CDV STI VI FDLMGILIL IL CDV
GdNDV VJLMDV FDcD CDV DdMILGHDV HI FTJCSTGIN DMNJ gTILMIfX FDLgIf
FFGDLJ TL FJMCDOD FDL CJV LIFIVGHJHIV STI gTINDL VTNOGILHD IL CJ
OCIVGJ FDL NIVKIFMD JC HDOcJX JC FTCMD P J MDHD CD HIcV ILMNIOJ
IVMI FJMCDOD JC FNMGFDX nVMI VI KDLI J MNJdJkJN VDdNI CDV HJMDV
FDLFINLGILMIV J CJ WGVMDNGJ HI CJ gI P CDV eJ HGVMNGdTPILHD KDN nKDFJV
HI cJLINJ STI HJMDV P nKDFJV VI eJPJL FDNNIVKDLHGILHDl IND MDHD
IVMI MNJdJkD VI WJ HI WJFIN VGL KINHIN HI eGVMJ STI CJ LIFIVGHJH IV
JLMINGDN JC WIFWD P STI IC WIFWD IV JLMINGDN J CJ LJNNJFGbL HIC cGVcDl
TIHI DFTNNGN JCOTLJ eI STI JCOTLJV KJNMIV HI CJ GdCGJX FDcD CJV
iKVMDCJVX VIJL IC WIFWD cGVcD FNIJHD KDN CJ LIFIVGHJHl BKJNMI HI
MDHD IVMD WJP STI HGVMGLOTGN ILMNI IC FDcGILD HI TL WIFWD P VT
HIVJNNDCCDX PJ STI CD STI KTIHI LJFIN IL TL HJ LD VI HIVJNNDCCJ VGLD
J CD CJNOD HIC MGIcKDl DN IVMJ NJbL IC FNMGFD HIdINX HIVKTnV HI
HGVMNGdTGN KDN nKDFJV CDV HDFTcILMDVX WJFIN FDL ICCDV HDV ONTKDV
TLD STI FDNNIVKDLHJ JC DNGOIL HI CDV WIFWDV P DMND STI FDNNIVKDLHJ
J VT HIVJNNDCCD PX ELJCcILMIX eDCeINCD J DNHILJN VIOL IC cDcILMD
FDNNIVKDLHGILMIl
DMNJ eI MDcJ CJ KJCJdNJ IC ECbVDgD HGFGILHD JC WGVMDNGJHDN STI
J HI CCIeJN J FJdD IC MNJdJkD HI JFTINHD FDL CD STI IVMJdCIFI
CJ CIP HI CJ IeDCTFGbLl TICeI IC WGVMDNGJHDN J IVMTHGJN CDV HJMDVX
GLeIVMGOJ HIMILGHJcILMI CJV FGNFTLVMJLFGJV KDN CJV STI CJ OCIVGJ




WJ JMNJeIVJHD IL FJHJ cDcILMDX VT FJKJFGHJH FDLVINeJHDNJX VTV
LIFIVGHJHIV GLMINLJV P IMINLJV STI CJ WJL GcKTCVJHD JC KNDONIVD
P CDV DdVMFTCDV STI VI gTINDL KNIVILMJLHD IL TLJ KJCJdNJX WJ HI
JLJCGJN MDHD JSTICCD STI VGNeI KJNJ HIMINcGLJN HI STn cJLINJ VI
DdVINeJNDL CJV CIPIV HI CJ IeDCTFGbLl iL IVMI cDcILMD GLMINeGILI IC
FNMGFD KNIVILMLHDCI CDV HDFTcILMDV NIVMJLMIVl DN CMGcDX HIVKTnV
HI IVMI MNJdJkDX KTIHI MNJJN IL CLIJV OILINJCIV CJ WGVMDNGJ HI CJ
IeDCTFGbLl mDL MDHD CD JLMINGDN PJ VI KTIHI KDLIN J IVFNGdGNl BV
STIHJ WIFWJ CJ WGVMDNGJl

BWDNJ KNIOTLMJcDVX HI STGnL IV DdNJ IVMJ WGVMDNGJ HIC WGVMDNGJHDN D HIC
FNMGFD I LGLOTLD HI CDV HDVl mGINMJcILMI IV HIC ECbVDgDl DHD VI WJ WIf
FWD J dJVI HI zs~ps~uqpu P HI JKNGDNGVcDV CCILDV HI WINIkJVl JL KILJ IVMDV
WDcdNIV HI CDV STI IC BKbVMDC HGNJ ts{~tspx t utup |px uwu sp~pu tx
uzq~tx}pu |stx{put uzr~pu ut |px~s}~tspx tx xt|~pul iV GLHGOLJLMI eINCIV
JFTVJN J CJ OCIVGJ HI cJLGKTCJN P dJNJkJN CDV HDFTcILMDV KJNJ WJFINCDV WJdCJN
J VT gJeDNl BMNGdTPIL J CJ OCIVGJ JSTICCD HI CD STI FCJNJcILMI CIV JFTVJ VT
KNDKGJ FDLFGILFGJl
I JSTICCJ HGeGVGbL HI CDV GdNDV KDN IHJHIV VI VGOTI STI CDV GdNDV VJONJf
HDV LD KTIHIL VIN JMNGdTGHDV J CDV JTMDNIV J STGILIV VI CIV JMNGdTPILl DV
cDHINLGVMJV LD HTHJL IL JENcJN STI
iVDV GdNDVX IL IVKIFGJC IC ILMJMITFD P CDV MNIV KNGcINDV ieJLOIf
CGDVX J KJNMGN HI TLJ KNGcINJ NIHJFFGbL gTINDL FNIFGILHD J dJVI HI
JRJHGHTNJVX HI GLMINKDCJFGDLIV J cDHD HI GLMINKNIMJFGDLIV MIDCbOGf
FJV D JCIObNGFJVX D VGcKCIcILMI KDN GLMINFJCJFGDLIV STI MILJL KDN
ELJCGHJH HJN TLGHJH J CJV HGeINVJV KJNMIVl BVX IV KNIFGVD JHcGMGN
CJ tpw|~x ~}z HI CDV GdNDV VJONJHDV KDN gTINJ HIC HIVJNNDCCD
HI CJ gI P IL JNcDLJ FDL IVMI HIVJNNDCCDl BHIcVX CJV WTICCJV HI
IVMJ IeDCTFGbL VDL MJL FCJNJV STI VI KTIHI IVFNGdGN VT WGVMDNGJl
HI WIFWD CJ IVFNGdIL FDL MJLMJ VIOTNGHJH STI LD KJNIFI VGLD STI IVML eGILHD
FDL VTV KNDKGDV DkDV J FJHJ TLD HI CDV IVFNGMDNIV STI IL FJHJ cDcILMD KTVGINDL
VTV cJLDV KJNJ JcKCGJN CDV GdNDV VJONJHDVl JNJ FDLENcJNCD IFWJL cJLD HI
CJ STI CCJcJL FNMGFJ WGVMbNGFJ D }t}wz cTIVMNJL STI MJC D FTJC WIFWD LD IVM
IL IC CTOJN STI CI FDNNIVKDLHI P HGFIL DMNJV FDVJV KDN IC IVMGCDl QI HGNJ STI
WJL FDLgIFFGDLJHD HIMINcGLJHDV IVSTIcJV HI LJNNJFGbL PX JMILGnLHDVI J ICCDVX
VIRJCJL FDL MDHJ IJFMGMTH CD STI IVM P CD STI LD IVM IL VT VGMGDl mDL IVMI
VGVMIcJ LJHGI KTIHI VJdIN VG IVML FJKJFGMJHDV KJNJ JVIOTNJN CD STI JENcJLl





nn

TGIL CDV DGOJ WJdCJN HI VTV GLeIVMGOJFGDLIV VDdNI CDV GdNDV VJONJHDVXIL CJV STI
VI KTIHIL ILFDLMNJN MJLMJV GLFDLONTILFGJVX KDHNJ FNIIN STI LJHGI JLMIV STI
ICCDV WJ DkIJHD VGSTGINJ IVDV GdNDVX STI TLJ cTCMGMTH FJVG GLELGMJ HI DFMDNIV
fcTP VTKINGDNIV J ICCDV KDN VT OILGDX KDN VT INTHGFGbL P KDN VT VJLMGHJHfX LD CDV
WJ IVFTHNGRJHD IL MDHDV VILMGHDVl IL eINHJH STI IVDV VJKGILMVGcDV DFMDNIV
IVMJdJL MJL CIkDV HI FILVTNJN CJV VJONJHJV iVFNGMTNJV STIX cGILMNJV cV CJV
IVMTHGJdJLX cV cDMGeDV ILFDLMNJdJL KJNJ HJN ONJFGJV J _a[ KDNSTI JV VI
WJ HGOLJHD WJdCJN FDL CDV WDcdNIVl IND KDN HIVONJFGJ LTIVMNDV DFMDNIV LD
IVMTHGJNDL CDV GdNDV VJONJHDV FDL CDV cIHGDV STI WDP MGILIL CDV cDHINLGVMJV
LD MTeGINDL FDcD CT P cJIVMNJ J TLJ ECDVDgJ STI JNNJLFJ HI CJ LIOJFGbL HI
_a[X LG VI INGOGINDL J V cGVcDV FDcD LDNcJ HI FNGMINGDl

UDV KJNIFI WJdIN HIkJHD dGIL IKCGFJHD IC cnMDHD WGVMbNGFD HI CDV cDHINf
LGVMJVl mDcGILJ IC ECbVDgD FDL CJ FNMGFJ GLMINLJ KNGcIND P CJ FNMGFJ MIMTJC
HIVKTnVl mDcD IV KNDKGD HI CJ KNGcINJ FJTVJ FDcTLGFJN VTV FJNJFMINVMGFJV
J CJV VGOTGILMIVX IV IeGHILMI STI IVJ FNMGFJ LD IV TLJ FNMGFJ FTJCSTGINJ VGLD
STI VI CI WJ HI CCJcJN zxu}~|z ~xqzxtx}~u}z tpw|~px~u}z STGILIV CJ
HIEILHIL P CJ TMGCGJLX HIEILHIL P TMGCGJL CDV INNDNIV STI CCIeJ GcKCFGMDV P
VDL ILIcGODV HI CJ HDFMNGLJ FJMbCGFJl DN IVD IV VDNKNILHILMI STI KTIHJ WJdIN
ILMNI CDV FJMbCGFDV STGIL VIJ KJNMGHJNGD HI IVMJ FCJVI HI FNMGFJl iVMD VI HIdI J
HDV FJTVJV IL KNGcIN CTOJN J CJ LMGcJ FDLeGeILFGJ ILMNI IVMDV WGVMDNGJHDNIV
P FNMGFDVX TLGHDV gTINMIcILMI KDN ILFGcJ HI CJV HGgINILFGJV HI LJFGbL P HI
NICGOGbL IL VIOTLHD CTOJN J CJ VDdINJLJ JTHJFGJ FDL CJ STI MDHDV J TLJ VI
WJFIL IFD HI MDHD CD STI FTJCSTGINJ HI ICCDV WJFIX HLHDCI FJNFMIN HI KNDONIVD
FGILMEFD P JNNIcIMIL FDLMNJ STGIL KNIMILHI JLJCGJN KDN V cGVcD CJ LTIeJ
cJNJeGCCJ KDN ICCDV KNDHTFGHJ JFTVLHDCI HI GOLDNJLMI VG CJ LGIOJX KIND CD JCJdJL
VG CJ JdNJJ P HIEILHIl BV gJVFGLJL J cTFWDV STI VI WDNNDNGJNJL VG FJPIVIL
IL CJ FTILMJ HIC ILOJRDl B FJTVJ HI IVMI HIVKbMGFD HDcGLGD HI CDV STI PINNJLX
J FJTVJ HI IVMJ GLOILTJ KDVMTNJ HI JCOTLDV IVKNGMTV VTKINEFGJCIVX VI WJ FNIJHD
TL JcdGILMI FDNNTKMD STI eJ KILIMNLHDCD MDHD P CD GcKNIOLJ HI VT eGNTV
KIVMGCILMIl JVIcDV JWDNJ JC JKDCDOGVMJl



8 8 A = A;: A@A 8
JcdGnL IC cDHINLGVMJ JKDCDOGVMJ IVM IL HIKILHILFGJ HIC ECbVDgD KDN TLJ
HDdCI NJbL KNGcINJ HI cDHD ~x{~st|}p KTIVMD STI CJ cJMINGJ VDdNI CJ STI
MNJdJkJ IV CJ WGVMDNGJ IVFNGMJ JC HGFMJHD HIC ECbVDgD VIOTLHJ HI cDHD {~st|}p
KDNSTI NIFGdI HIC ECbVDgD CDV HDOcJV P CDV FNGMINGDVl I JW STI CJ IVFTICJ cDf
HINLGVMJ JENcI STI CJ LTIeJ JKDCDOnMGFJ HIdI HGNGcGN CJV FDLMNDeINVGJV VDdNI CJ
NICGOGbL KDN cIHGD HI GLeIVMGOJFGDLIV WGVMbNGFJVl iL FDLVIFTILFGJ IC JKDCDOGVMJ

cDHINLGVMJ VI KDLI J VT MNJdJkD JHeGNMGILHD J CDV NJFGDLJCGVMJV STI nC HIEILHI

CJ NICGOGbL
UD FDL CDV GdNDV VJONJHDV LG FDL CJV WGVMDNGJV STI CJ OCIVGJ TMGCGJ
FDNNGILMIcILMI P STI IVML IVFNGMJV FDL cnMDHDV JLMGFTJHDVX VGLD
FDL CJ WGVMDNGJ stz FDLVMNTGHJ FDL MIDNJV P cnMDHDV cDHINLDVl
UD HGFIL IVMD KDNSTI STGINJL IVONGcGN JNOTcILMDV KINVTJVGeDV VGLD KDNSTI
IVML FDLeILFGHDV HI STI eINHJHINJcILMI IL IVJ WGVMDNGJ VI WJCCJ CJ eINHJHl
JFIL JCJNHI HI VGLFINGHJH JC IVFNGdGNX VDL FDLDFGHDV ILMNI CDV NJFGDLJCGVMJV P
ICDOGJHDV FDcD cGCGMJLMIV HI TLJ cGVcJ FJTVJ FTJCSTGIN FJMbCGFD NIFWJJNJ
IVDV ICDOGDV KIND ICCDV VI TgJLJL P CDV KDLIL IL FDLMNJVMI FDL CJV NIKNILVGDLIV
STI NIFGdIL KDN KJNMI HI CJ OCIVGJl

IND IJcGLIcDV FbcD TLD HI ICCDV WJFI CJ JKDCDOJ
iC EL KNDKTIVMD IV CCIeJN JC WDcdNI STI MDHJeJ LD MGILI gI J STI
JCFJLFI CJ tts~tx|~z HI CJ NICGOGbL STI IVX FDcD PJ VJdnGVX IC LGFD
gTLHJcILMD HI CJ gIl JNJ FDLVIOTGNCD WJP HDV FJcGLDV IC pr t}~p
P IC uwr t}~p iC KNGcIND KNDFIHI HIC JOLDVMGFGVcD P FDLVGVMI IL
cDVMNJN STI IL CJ NICGOGbL P HI cDHD KJNMGFTCJN IL IC FJMDCGFGVcDX
WJP MJC gTINJ eGMJC STI FTJCSTGIN KVGFbCDOD D FTJCSTGIN WGVMDNGJHDN
NJDLJdCI WJL HI CCIOJN JC FDLeILFGcGILMD HI STI IL VT WGVMDNGJ WJP
LIFIVJNGJcILMI JCOD {tu|pxp|~{p JNJ IVMD IV LIFIVJNGD HIcDVMNJN
STI CJ NICGOGbL FJMbCGFJ JFMTJC IV IJFMJcILMI CJ cGVcJ STI gTLHb
^_[`a IV HIFGNX IC KNDONIVGeD HIVJNNDCCD HI CJ VIcGCCJ STI ^_[`a
KCJLMbl NGcIND WJP STI HIMINcGLJN FTC IV IVJ VIcGCCJ VI KTIHI
IKNIVJN FDL CJ VGOTGILMI gbNcTCJ ^_[`a JLTLFGb CJ eILGHJ HIC
NIGLD HI _a[ STI IL dNIeI VINJ FDLVMGMTGHD P HIC STI C VINJ IC
IVJVX IC NIJCGJHDN P IC STI CD ODdINLJNJ KDN cJLHJMD HGeGLDl B
FDLMGLTJFGbL WJP STI HIcDVMNJN KDN STn IVJ VIcGCCJX VGIcKNI ~x
qzxtx}t P tsqzxtx}t IL CJ NICGOGbL FJMbCGFJX VI gTI HIVJNNDCCJLHD
GLVILVGdCIcILMI JC KJVD HI CJ WGVMDNGJ P VI JHJKMb J CJV HGeINVJV FGNf
FTLVMJLFGJVX IMNJPILHD ~}zqtx}t HI nVMJV CD STI CI INJ HI KNDeIf
FWD IL CJV gDNcJV HDFMNGLJCIVX FTCMTJCIV P IFCIVGVMGFJV P MDHD ICCD
JC cGVcD MGIcKD STI VTKINJdJ DdVMFTCDVX CTFWJdJ FDLMNJ CDV JHf
eINVJNGDV P VDdNIeGeJ J CJV KINVIFTFGDLIV P J CJV CTFWJVl QG HIVKTnV
HI WJdIN HIcDVMNJHD MDHD IVMD fDdVMFTCDVX JHeINVJNGDVX KINVIFTf
FGDLIVX CTFWJV I GLFCTVD CJ gIFTLHGHJH HI CJ OCIVGJf LD VI CCIOJ J TLJ
IKCGFJFGbL cTP VJMGVgJFMDNGJ HI CJ WGVMDNGJ IFCIVGVMGFJX JTLSTI VI
WJPJL VIOTGHD CJV CIPIV HI CJ IeDCTFGbLX ILMDLFIV VI LDV JKJNIFI P
VI LDV DgNIFI HI KDN V CD {tu|pxp|~{p


iVMD HGFILl JV LD JHeGINMIL STI IL MDHD IVMI NJDLJcGILMD CJ VIcGCCJ HI

CJ STI WJL KJNMGHD IV TL KNDHTFMD HIC zs~ps~uqp HIC ECbVDgD JOLbVMGFD P
IeDCTFGDLGVMJX P STI CJ cGVcJ HIELGFGbL HI IVJ VIcGCCJ IV ONJMTGMJ P ICJdDNJHJ
J VT FDLeILGILFGJl

GILMNJV KDN TLJ KJNMI CDV LTIeDV JKDCDOGVMJV VI IVgTINJL IL JENcJN P
HIgILHIN CJ NICGOGbL FJMbCGFJX KDN DMNJ HJL KDN VTKTIVMD P NIFDLDFIL STI WJP
IL ICCJ cTFWJV FDVJV STI DgILHIL J CDV IVKNGMTVl i GLFCTVDX LD VGL FGINMJ VJf
MGVgJFFGbLX GLVGVMIL JdGINMJcILMI IL STI MJcdGnL IL IC JVKIFMD HDOcMGFD VI
HJL INNDNIV P FDLMNJHGFFGDLIV JTLSTI JRJHIL STI LD VbCD VDL kTVMGEFJdCIV
IVDV INNDNIV VGLD STI fP IVMJ JENcJFGbL FJTVJ IVMTKDNf VI KNDHTkINDL kTVMJ P
CIOMGcJcILMIl OTJCcILMI HGFIL
iL CDV GdNDV VJONJHDV WJP cTFWJV FDVJV ISTGeDFJHJVl iL IVMDV
GdNDV LD VI MNJMJ HI FTIVMGDLIV FGILMEFJV D WGVMbNGFJVX VGLD VbCD
HI NICGOGbL P HI FDVMTcdNIV CJ FGILFGJ P CJ WGVMDNGJ LD VDL IL IVMI
FJVD cV STI CJ ILeDCMTNJ FDL CJ STI CJV IKINGILFGJV NICGOGDVJV P
cDNJCIV VI KNIVILMJL KJNJ TLJ cV gFGC HGgTVGbL ILMNI IC KTIdCDX IC
FTJC LD VJdNJ ILMILHINCJV HI DMND cDHD TLJ FGILFGJ D TLJ WGVMDNGJ
cV KINgIFMJV LD CI WJNJL cV STI HJRDl
DN DMNJ KJNMI CDV GdNDV VJONJHDV VDLX KDN VT cGVcJ LJMTNJCIJX
NICGOGDVDV P eGeIL TLJ eGHJ KIFTCGJN IVMJ eGHJ MGILI MJcdGnL VT
eINHJH P VT CbOGFJX JTLSTI HGgINILMIV HI CJ eINHJH P HI CJ CbOGFJ
NJFGDLJCIVl QDL GLFCTVD HI TL DNHIL HGVMGLMD JC HI ICCJV VI MNJMJ HI
CJ eINHJH HI CJ JLJCDOJ P HI CJ KNDKDNFGbLX MJLMD FDL NIVKIFMD JC
cIHGD IL STI VI eGeI FDcD FDL NIVKIFMD JC EL KDN IC STI VI eGeIl
iL ELX MDHD CD STI VI IKCGFJ KDN CJ eGHJ IV eINHJHIND P CIOMGcDl
UDVDMNDVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX STI FNIIcDV STI CJ eINHJH IV TLJ P STI pu
~rspu uzsz{pu tu} x tu|s~}pu ps ~xu~sz|~x {t us~}w zx}p }~txtx z
~pu ps zw}psX JENcJcDV STI HIFGN MDHD CD IKTIVMD IV MJLMD FDcD JMNGdTGN
J _a[ TLJ cILMGNJ MGC T DEFGDVJ P FDcKJNMGcDV CD STI HGFI
\[`
wxz t z{q~}~{z zwxz qtx}~sz p |~puz tx zw}ps~{z{ }zx t|tuz xp vwt{zs
tx ~t x~ wxz tvwtyz zs}t {t tupu ~rspu vwt tx |wzx}p z zw~tx ut t zx}p t
{~|~ tx zu |pu}wqrstu p ~x|strtu zsz z t tx ~s}w{ {t tuz q~uqz stz xp
wt{z uts z}s~rw~{z z qtx}~sz {t zw}ps vwt tsu~wt wxz xz~{z{ |px|st}zl
J FDLVIFTILFGJ VIN CJ STI VIRJCJ IC cGVcD DFMDN x tzu hCJV iVFNGMTNJVj
|z{z |wz |stts p vwt vw~tsz xp |stts p vwt xp vw~tsz
IND CDV cDHINLGVMJV JKDCDOGVMJV FDLMGLJL FDL JTHJFGJ

M 
%

V j    545 0 ^ 5   
i u{

n@

  


mDLFIHIcDV STI IL CDV GdNDV VJONJHDV VI ILFTILMNJLX KJNJ KNDf
dJN JCOTLJ HIMINcGLJHJ HDFMNGLJX JNOTcILMJFGDLIV STI LD MGILIL
LGLOL gTLHJcILMD NJFGDLJC fFDcD CJV STI VI JKDPJL IL CJV KNDgIFJVf
KIND WJP STI JHcGMGNCJV FDcD NIFTNVDV DNJMDNGDV kTVMGEFJHDV KDN CJ
eGHJ cGVcJl BHcGMGcDV P JENcJcDV STI ^_[`a VI ISTGeDFb cJLGf
EIVMJcILMI FTJLHD GLHGFb IC MGIcKD HIC JHeILGcGILMD HIC NIGLD HI
_a[ KIND LD WJP KDN STn IMNJRJNVI KDNSTI MJcdGnL C IVMJdJ
VTkIMD J CJV CIPIV HI CJ eGHJl

Tn STIHJ ILMDLFIV HI CDV HDOcJV HI CJ OCIVGJ
iVML NIKCIMDV HI FCJNJV FDLMNJHGFFGDLIVl INDX HIkJLHD JKJNMI STI
CJ CbOGFJ eGMJC CJV KINcGMIX LD eJL FDLMNJ CJ eINHJH VGcdbCGFJ KTIV
IL ICCJV VI MNJMJ HIC GLELGMD STI MGILI GLELGMJV gJFIMJVl
DN CMGcD JKNTIdJL P HIEILHIL IVMJV FDLMNJHGFFGDLIV PJ STI LD HTHJL IL
JENcJN
BC LELGMD LD VI CI KTIHI WJFIN cIkDN WDLDN STI HIFGN HIC cGVcD
FDVJV FDLMNJHGFMDNGJVl
IND TLJ eI JHcGMGHJ CJ FDLMNJHGFFGbLX STn LD VI KDHN CIOGMGcJN

QGL IcdJNODX IC STI MDHJeJ LD FNII KTIHI HGVKDLINVI KJNJ CJ gI LD VbCD FDL
JNOTcILMDV pr t}~pu VGLD MJcdGnL FDL CDV uwr t}~pu JNJ ICCD CDV cDHINLGVMJV
IFWJL cJLD HI CJ HDFMNGLJ HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z QI IVgTINJL KDN FDLeILFIN JC
WDcdNI HI STI
iL VT GLMINGDN P IL CD cV LMGcD HI VT LJMTNJCIJ P HI VT eGHJ IVML
DFTCMDV TL FGINMD HIVID P TLJ FGINMJ IGOILFGJ HI JCOTLJ NICGOGbL P
LD HI TLJ NICGOGbL FTJCSTGINJ VGLD KNIFGVJcILMI HI CJ FJMbCGFJX PJ
STI IC KCILD HIVJNNDCCD HI CJ eGHJ z tu} t~~tx{p
iL IVMD MJcdGnL HIdIcDV CJcILMJN KNDgTLHJcILMI STI LD gJCMJL FJMbCGFDV STIX
JTLSTI LD JHcGMIL CJ HDFMNGLJ HI CJ ~xqzxtx|~z CJ TMGCGJL IL VT JKDCDOnMGFJ
P CD WJFIL FDL MJC gJCMJ HI VILVJMn STI JENcJL LD VbCD STI IL CJ LJMTNJCIJ WTf
cJLJ WJP TLJ FJKJFGHJH P TLJ HGVKDVGFGbL JC DNHIL VDdNILJMTNJCX FDVJ STI CDV
JKDCDOGVMJV FJMbCGFDV WJL JHcGMGHD VGIcKNI fFDL CJV HIdGHJV KTLMTJCGJFGDLIVfX
VGLD STI WJP TLJ JTMnLMGFJ IGOILFGJl B HIFGN eINHJH IVMJ IGOILFGJ HI NICGOGbL
FJMbCGFJ CJ HIEILHIL CDV cDHINLGVMJV STI VI HGFIL cDHINJHDVX CDV STI VI CCJcJL



~x}tsz~u}zu KNIMILHIL HIcDVMNJN STI IL IC WDcdNI STI MDHJeJ LD FNII IVM

CJMILMI IC cGVcD OINcIL STI MTeD ^_[`a IL VT FDLFGILFGJ P STI C MNJLVcGMGb
J CDV WDcdNIVl

BV KTIVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX eIcDV STI IC cnMDHD JKDCDOnMGFD HI CDV

cDHINLGVMJV VTcJNGJcILMI IKTIVMD IV HIC MDHD FDLONTILMI FDL VTV HDFMNGLJVX
JKMD KJNJ HIVMNTGN P LD KJNJ IHGEFJNX LD KJNJ WJFIN FJMbCGFDV VGLD KJNJ CCIeJNCDV
J CJ WINIkJ I GLFCTVD KJNJ CCIOJN J HIVMNTGN MDMJCcILMI FTJCSTGIN NICGOGbLl


8 8 A = A;: :;A:= A:;8

BCOD STIHJ KDN JRJHGN VDdNI IC cDHINLGVMJ NIgDNcJHDNl D STI WIcDV
eILGHD HGFGILHD cTIVMNJ HI VDdNJ WJVMJ STn KTLMD IVMDV WDcdNIV MGILIL TL
GLFDLMILGdCI JgL HI LDeIHJHIVl iVMI JgL VI IMGILHI JdVDCTMJcILMI J MDHD CD
STI IV FJMbCGFDl
TGINIL NILDeJN CJ ECDVDgJX IVKIFGJCcILMI IL CDV VIcGLJNGDVX KJNJ STI NIf
FCTPILHD CJ ECDVDgJ IVFDCVMGFJ IL TL FJKMTCD cV HI CJ WGVMDNGJ HI CJ ECDVDgJ
FDcD TL VGVMIcJ PJ VTKINJHDX VI ILVIRI J CDV kbeILIV TLJ ECDVDgJ STI NIVKDLHJ
NIJCcILMI J LTIVMND MGIcKDl
JNJ NILDeJN CJ MIDCDOJ STGINIL STI CJ MIDCDOJ STI CCJcJcDV NJFGDLJC VI
gTLHJcILMI IL CJ ECDVDgJ cDHINLJl NDKTOLJL STI CJ MIDCDOJ KDVGMGeJ VI
JKDPI IL CJ WGVMDNGJ HI CDV HDOcJVl
iGOIL STI CJ WGVMDNGJ VI IVFNGdJ P VI ILVIRI FDL VT cnMDHD P FDL CDV
VGVMIcJV cDHINLDVl GFIL STI CDV HDOcJV P VT IeDCTFGbL VI WJL HI JNcDLGJN
FDL CJ FGILFGJ P FDL CJ WGVMDNGJl
iL FTJLMD J CJ FJMISTIVGV STGINIL STI IL CDV CGdNDV HI FJMIFGVcD VbCD VI
GLFCTPJL CDV HDOcJV STI WJPJL VGHD NIgDNcJHDV P STI IVMnL JC JCFJLFI HIC
eTCODl
BFINFJ HIC FTCMD KGHIL STI VI NIHTFJL CJV NICGOGDLIV IMINLJV P STI VI KNDf
WGdJ STI VTNkJL DMNJV LTIeJVl BTLSTI WJP JCOTLDV KJNMGHJNGDV HIC VGcdDCGVcD
STI IL IVMD VDL cV MDCINJLMIVl
mCJcJL KDN STI IC NnOGcIL HI CJ OCIVGJ VIJ NIgDNcJHDX IVKIFGJCcILMI IL VTV
JVKIFMDV HGVFGKCGLJN P HDOcMGFDl iL CD GLMINLD P IL CD IMINLD HIdIL JHIFTJNVI
J CJ STI CCJcJL FDLFGILFGJ cDHINLJX STI MGILHI J CJ HIcDFNJFGJ KDN IVD WJL
HI KJNMGFGKJN IL IC NnOGcIL HI CJ OCIVGJ IC FCIND GLgINGDN P CDV CJGFDVX NIKJNMGILHD
JV CJ JTMDNGHJH STI IVM HIcJVGJHD FDLFILMNJHJ P FILMNJCGJHJl
BVGcGVcD STGINIL STI VI NIgDNcIL CJV mDLONIOJFGDLIV DcJLJVX VDdNI MDHD
CJ HIC zx}p |~p P CJ HIC x{~|t

b

JcdGnL KNIMILHIL STI VI FJcdGI CJ GLMINeILFGbL HIC NnOGcIL IFCIVGVMGFD
IL CJV FTIVMGDLIV KDCMGFJV P VDFGJCIV HI cDHD STI VI GLHIKILHGFI HI CDV DNHIf
LJcGILMDV FGeGCIV P STIX JC cGVcD MGIcKDX VI JHJKMI J ICCDV P CDV GcKNIOLI HI
VT IVKNGMTl
iL FTIVMGbL HI FDVMTcdNIV JHDKMJL CJ KDVMTNJ JcINGFJLGVMJ
JV eGNMTHIV JFMGeJV VI WJL HI JLMIKDLIN J CJV KJVGeJV P MJcdGnL
VI WJL HI FTCMGeJN FDL KNIgINILFGJ J nVMJVl
IVIJL TL FCIND STI eGeJ CJ WTcGCHJH P CJ KDdNIJ JLMGOTJVX KIND STI IL VTV
GHIJV JHDKMI CDV KNGLFGKGDV cDHINLGVMJVl
DN CMGcD WJP STGILIVX VGOTGILHD OTVMDVDV J CDV cJIVMNDV KNDMIVMJLMIVX
HIVIJL STI VI VTKNGcJ IC FICGdJMD HI CDV VJFINHDMIVl
Tn HIkJL GLMJFMD IL CJ OCIVGJ STI LD HIdJ VIN NIgDNcJHD KDN ICCDV P VIOL
VTV GHIJV




8 8 A= ;A ; ;:; 8
TIHI STI JCOTGIL KGILVIX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX STI LDV WIcDV IMILHGHD
HIcJVGJHD IL CJ IKDVGFGbL HI IVMJ HDFMNGLJ cDHINLGVMJl iNJ JdVDCTMJcILMI
LIFIVJNGD MJLMD KJNJ STI LD LDV IFWIL IL FJNJ fJV VTICIL WJFINCDfX STI LD FDLDf
FIcDV KDN HDLHI JLHJLX FDcD KJNJ KDLIN HI cJLGEIVMD STI FTJLHD VI WJdCJ
HI cDHINLGVcD LD VI WJdCJ HI TLJ VINGI HI HDFMNGLJV eJOJV P HGVKINVJV VGLD HI
TL eINHJHIND FTINKD HI ICCJV IL IC STI JHcGMGILHD TL KTLMD LIFIVJNGJcILMI
VI WJL HI JHcGMGN CDV HIcVl iVMJ WJ VGHD CJ NJbL KDN CJ STI WIcDV JHDKMJHD
TL cnMDHD FJVG HGHFMGFDX GLFCTVD TMGCGJLHD CDV eDFJdCDV dNdJNDV STI TVJL
CDV cDHINLGVMJVl
GNJLHD JWDNJ IVMI VGVMIcJ IL VT FDLkTLMD LD FJTVJN JVDcdND VG CD HIEf
LGcDV CCJcLHDCD FDcKILHGD HI MDHJV CJV WINIkJVl mGINMJcILMI STI VG JCOTGIL
VI KNDKTVGINJ NITLGN IL TL KTRJHD CJ VTVMJLFGJ P CJ IVILFGJ HI MDHDV CDV INNDNIV
STI VI WJL HJHD IL CJ OCIVGJX LD CD FDLVIOTGNJ cIkDN HI CD STI WJL WIFWD CDV
cDHINLGVMJVl iV cVX MJL CIkDV WJL GHD STI LD VbCD WJL HIVMNTGHD CJ NICGOGbL
FJMbCGFJ VGLDX fFDcD PJ WIcDV HGFWDfX FTJCSTGIN DMNJ NICGOGbLl DN IVD FTILMJL
FDL IC JKCJTVD HI CDV NJFGDLJCGVMJV FTPDV cGIcdNDV cV VGLFINDV P JdGINMDV VI
gICGFGMJL HI WJdIN ILFDLMNJHD IL ICCDV CDV FDCJdDNJHDNIV cV IEFJFIVl

DCeJcDV KDN TL cDcILMDX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX J FDLVGHINJN CJ KINLGf
FGDVJ HDFMNGLJ HIC zxpu}~|~uqp CJ FTJC JENcJ STI IC WDcdNI LD KTIHI CCIOJN
J _a[ KDN cIHGD HI CJ GLMICGOILFGJ KIND V KTIHI WJFINCD J MNJenV HI TL FGINf
MD VILMGcGILMD IVKGNGMTJC P J MNJenV HI CJ JFFGbLl TGnL LD eI CD JdVTNHD HI
#



IVMD iC VILMGcGILMD IVKGNGMTJC IV TLJ NIVKTIVMJ J CJ GcKNIVGbL STI LDV FJTVJL

CJV FDVJV KNDKTIVMJV KDN IC GLMICIFMD D KDN CDV VILMGHDV IMINLDVl QG VI VTKNGcI
IC GLMICIFMD IC WDcdNIX STI PJ HI KDN V IV HJHD J VIOTGN J CDV VILMGHDVX VI
GN MNJV ICCDV FDL cJPDN JeGHnl UTIeD JdVTNHD MDHJV CJV gJLMJVJV JFINFJ HIC
VILMGcGILMD NICGOGDVD LD VDL FJKJFIV HI HJN JC MNJVMI FDL IC VILMGHD FDcL IC
FTJC LDV ILVIRJ STI FTJCSTGIN KINMTNdJFGbL D KNIDFTKJFGbL HIC IVKNGMT LD VbCD
LD LDV VGNeI HI JPTHJ KJNJ GLHJOJN CJ eINHJH VGLD STI VDL TL DdVMFTCDl UDV
NIgINGcDV J CJ eINHJH IL VX KDNSTI IVJ DMNJ eINHJH uwr t}~z KNDHTFMD HIC VILf
MGcGILMD GLMINLD P HI CJ JFFGbLX VG dGIL VGNeI KJNJ WJFIN ISTGCGdNGDV eINdJCIVX LD
CI JKNDeIFWJ IL LJHJ JC WDcdNIl iC WDcdNI CD STI STGINI VJdIN IV VG gTINJ HI
nC cGVcD WJP TL _a[ IL FTPJV cJLDV FJINX MJNHI D MIcKNJLDl

D E 

JNJ STIWJFIN MJL CJdDNGDVD VI JPTHJL P IFWJL cJLD HI CJ tts~tx|~zX cJV

nVMJ LJHJ JRJHI JC VILMGcGILMD IVKGNGMTJCX JdVDCTMJcILMI LJHJ VbCD VGNeI KJNJ
WJFINCD cV eIWIcILMIl mDLVIFTILMIcILMI FTJLMD cV JTcILMJ IVJ eIWIcILf
FGJX cV FDLeILFGHD VI IVM HI FDLDFIN CJ eINHJH HIC DdkIMDl JV IC VILMGcGILMD
IVKGNGMTJC VGOTI VGILHD VILMGcGILMDX LD FJcdGJ VT LJMTNJCIJ P fVG LD IVM NIOGf
HD KDN CJ GLMICGOILFGJf VGIcKNI KINcJLIFI VTkIMD JC ILOJRDl mDL MDHD ICCD VI
NDdTVMIFI P VI IVMGcTCJ PJ STI cGILMNJV cV GLMILVGHJH MGILI IC VILMGcGILMDX
cV VILMGcGILMD IVl
QJdnGV dGILX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX STI IL IVMD HIC VILMGcGILMD NICGOGDVD
P HI CJ IKINGILFGJ STI CI JFDcKJRJ IV LIFIVJNGJ cTFWJ KNTHILFGJ P cTFWJ
HDFMNGLJ STI JKDPI J IVJ KNTHILFGJl D VJdnGV J MNJenV HI eTIVMND MNJMD FDL CJV
JCcJVX VDdNI MDHD FDL JCOTLJV IL STGILIV IC VILMGcGILMD HDcGLJ CD VJdnGV KDN
CDV CGdNDV JVFnMGFDV STIX JTLSTI CDV cDHINLGVMJV CDV HIVKNIFGILX FDLMGILIL TLJ
HDFMNGLJ cTFWD cV VbCGHJ P TLJ cV VTMGC JOTHIJ HI DdVINeJFGbL STI CJ STI
ICCDV VI JMNGdTPILl UDV KJNIFI TLJ GLVILVJMI fD JC cILDV TLJ ONJL GcKNTHILFGJf
MDcJN FDcD eINHJHINJVX VGL LGLOTLJ GLeIVMGOJFGbLX CJV IKINGILFGJV LMGcJV STI
CDV cDHINLGVMJV KNDKJCJLl DN CD HIcV fP HGFWD VIJ HI KJVDfX VG MJLMJ IV CJ
gTINJ P CJ VDCGHI HI IVMJV IKINGILFGJVX KDN STn LD JMNGdTGNCJV MJcdGnL J CJ
IKINGILFGJ STI cTFWDV FJMbCGFDV JVIOTNJL MILIN JFINFJ HIC FJcGLD ISTGeDFJHD
STI VGOTIL CDV cDHINLGVMJV X IV STI IVMJ IKINGILFGJ VINJ gJCVJ P ILOJRDVJ
J GLcILVJ cJPDNJ HI CDV WDcdNIV cJLMGILIL P cJLMILHNL VGIcKNI STI IC
VILMGcGILMD P CJ IKINGILFGJ fVDCDVfX LD KDHNL VIN LTLFJ CTFIV STI OTIL J CJ
NJbL KJNJ CCIOJN J TL FDLDFGcGILMD HI _a[l QbCD STIHJ KTIV IC JMIGVcD P CJ
LIOJFGbL HI CJ NICGOGbLl


"


JcKDFD KTIHIL CDV cDHINLGVMJV IVKINJN cIkDNIV NIVTCMJHDV FDL CJ HDFMNGLJ
HIC u~qrp~uqp TIV VGX FDcD ICCDV HGFIL
DHD ICIcILMD GLMICIFMTJC LD IV cV STI TL VcdDCD HI _a[l
DNSTn IC LDcdNI HI _a[ D HI CJ KINVDLJCGHJH HGeGLJ LD WJ HI VIN MJcdGnL TL
VcdDCD X VG IVMD IV JVX VI KTIHI ILMDLFIV HTHJN HI CJ KINVDLJCGHJH HGeGLJX
STIHJLHD JdGINMD IC KJVD JC KJLMIGVcDl

DN CMGcDX CJ HGVMGLFGbL ILMNI FGILFGJ P gI STI KNIHGFJL CCIOJ J CJ cGVcJ
FDLFCTVGbLl JNJ ICCDV
iC DdkIMD HI CJ FGILFGJ IV CJ NIJCGHJH HI CD FDOLDVFGdCI P IC DdkIMD
HI CJ gI IV CD GLFDOLDVFGdCIl
IND CD GLFDOLDVFGdCI IV TL NIVTCMJHD HI CJ gJCMJ HI JHIFTJFGbL ILMNI IC DdkIMD
P IC GLMICIFMDl BWDNJ dGILX IVMJ gJCMJ HI JHIFTJFGbL D KNDKDNFGbL LD VI KTIHI
IeGMJN LG FDL CJ HDFMNGLJ HI CDV cDHINLGVMJVX CTIOD CD GLFDOLDVFGdCI VIN VGIcKNI
GLFDOLDVFGdCI MJLMD KJNJ IC FNIPILMI FDcD KJNJ IC ECbVDgDl DN FDLVGOTGILMIX VG
IGVMI JCOTLJ NICGOGbLX VIN TLJ NICGOGbL HI CJ NIJCGHJH GLFDOLDVFGdCIl UD eIcDV
ILMDLFIV KDNSTn IVMJ NIJCGHJH LD KDHNJ VIN IC JCcJ HIC cTLHDX FDcD JHcGMIL
JCOTLDV cDHINLGVMJVl

iV VTEFGILMI FDL CD HGFWD KJNJ cDVMNJN FCJNJcILMI FTLMDV VDL CDV FJcGLDV
KDN CDV STI CJ HDFMNGLJ cDHINLGVMJ FDLHTFI JC JMIGVcD P J CJ JdDCGFGbL HI MDHJ
NICGOGbLl iC KNGcIN KJVD CD HGb IC KNDMIVMJLMGVcDX CI VGOTGb IC cDHINLGVcDlll
KNDLMD JKJNIFIN IC JMIGVcDl
#

# $% &'( )*

3 2 1 0 1 /- 4 0 6
JNJ CCIOJN J TL FDLDFGcGILMD cV KNDgTLHD HIC cDHINLGVcD P KJNJ dTVf
FJN CDV NIcIHGDV JHIFTJHDV STI VJLIL CJV WINGHJV LDV JPTHJNX ILINJdCIV
INcJLDVX IVMTHGJN TL KDFD CJV FJTVJV HI VT DNGOIL P IC gDLHD HI HDLHI VI
JCGcILMJl
878 @ ;::A: ; @ ;@ ; 8
UD FJdI HTHJ HI STI CJ FJTVJ KNbGcJ GLcIHGJMJ WJP STI dTVFJNCJ IL IC
INNDN HI CJ GLMICGOILFGJl mDcD FJTVJV NIcDMJV eIcDV HDV CJ FTNGDVGHJH P CJ
VDdINdGJl J FTNGDVGHJHX VG LD VI CJ HDcGLJX dJVMJ KDN V VDCJ KJNJ IKCGFJN
FTJCSTGIN INNDNl mDL NJbL IVFNGdJ UTIVMND JLMIFIVDN ^Z a^_a
u
qw zqtx}zrt ts ozu}z {x{t tzx pu {t~s~pu {t z szx owqzxz |wzx{p
tu} ozqrs~tx}z {t xpt{z{tu |wzx{p tx |px}sz {t z z{ts}tx|~z {t u
}p vw~tst uzrts q u {t p vwt t |px~txt uzrts |wzx{p |px wx t|tup {t
|px zxz tx u q~uqz st}tx{t rwu|zs z ts{z{ wtsz {t z tu~z z}~|z
{px{t ut tx|wtx}sz u~x z q u tt upqrsz {t tsspsl
g

'

88 A> ;:> 8
IND cTFWD cV IEFJ KJNJ DdFIFJN IC IVKNGMT P WJFINCD FJIN IL IC INNDN IV
CJ VDdINdGJ STI IL CJ HDFMNGLJ HIC cDHINLGVcD IVM FDcD IL VT FJVJX HI ICCJ VJFJ
MDHD IC JCGcILMD STI STGINI P IL ICCJ VI HGVgNJJ HI MDHJV CJV gDNcJV KDVGdCIVl
DN VDdINdGJ JHSTGINIL MJC FDLEJLJ IL V cGVcDV STI CCIOJL J FNIINVI STI VDL
CJ LDNcJ TLGeINVJC P FDcD MJC VI KNIVILMJLl DN VDdINdGJ VI eJLJOCDNGJL FDcD
VG gTINJL CDV LGFDV STI KDVIIL CJ VJdGHTNJ PX JMNIeGHDV I GLgJMTJHDVX HGFIL

2   3 45 

7 8
9

 ; < = > ? 45 < =

UD VDcDV FDcD CDV HIcV WDcdNIVl
KJNJ LD VIN FDcKJNJHDV FDL CDV HIcV VI JdNJJL J FTJCSTGIN LDeIHJH fKDN
cTP JdVTNHJ STI VIJf P VTIRJL FDL ICCJl DN VDdINdGJ NIFWJJL MDHJ DdIHGILFGJ
P MGILIL CJ KNIMILVGbL HI STI CJ JTMDNGHJH VI JHJKMI J CJ CGdINMJHl DN VDdINdGJ
VI DCeGHJL HI V cGVcDV P VbCD KGILVJL IL NIgDNcJN J CDV HIcVX VGL NIVKIMD J
LGLOTLJ FCJVI HI JTMDNGHJHX GLFCTGHJ CJ JTMDNGHJH VTKNIcJl iL eINHJH STI LD
WJP FJcGLD cV dNIeI P cV NKGHD WJFGJ IC cDHINLGVcD STI CJ VDdINdGJl QG
JCOL FJMbCGFDX VIOCJN D VJFINHDMIX VI DCeGHJ HIC KNIFIKMD HI CJ eGHJ FNGVMGJLJ
STI LDV cJLHJ LIOJNLDV J LDVDMNDV cGVcDV VG STINIcDV VIOTGN J ^_[`a P LD
JNNJLFJ HI VT FDNJbL IC DNOTCCDX IVM MJL JdDFJHD FDcD IC STI cV J JdNJJN
CDV INNDNIV cDHINLGVMJVl
DN IVMJ NJbLX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX IV LIFIVJNGD STI UTIVMND KNGcIN HIf
dIN VIJ KDLIN dJNNINJ J IVMDV WDcdNIV DNOTCCDVDVX ILFDcILHJNCIV CJV MJNIJV cV
GLVGOLGEFJLMIV P DVFTNJV KJNJ STI VI WTcGCCIL MJLMD FDcD STGINIL ICIeJNVI P
KJNJ STI HIVHI TL KTIVMD WTcGCHI MILOJL cILDV KDVGdGCGHJHIV HI WJFIN HJRDl
BKJNMI HI IVMDX IJcGLJH FTGHJHDVJcILMI eDVDMNDV cGVcDV D KDN cIHGD HI
CDV VTKINGDNIV HI CDV VIcGLJNGDV J CDV JCTcLDV P VG HIVFTdNV JCOTLD STI MILOJ
IVKNGMT HI VDdINdGJ JKJNMJHCD FDL ILINOJ HIC VJFINHDFGDl kJC VI WTdGIVI
WIFWD IVMD VGIcKNI FDL CJ eGOGCJLFGJ P FDLVMJLFGJ STI INJ cILIVMIN
QG JWDNJ KJVJcDV HI CJV FJTVJV cDNJCIV J CJV STI MGILIL VT DNGOIL IL IC
GLMICIFMDX CJ KNGcINJ P cV GcKDNMJLMI IV CJ GOLDNJLFGJl
`

8 8 A: 8
DHDV CDV cDHINLGVMJV STI KNIMILHIL VIN P WJFINVI KJVJN KDN HDFMDNIV HI CJ
OCIVGJ KNIODLJL J MDHJV eDFIV CJ ECDVDgJ cDHINLJ P HIVKNIFGJL CJ IVFDCVMGFJX
KIND VI WJL JECGJHD J JSTnCCJ LD MJLMD KDN WJdINVI HIkJHD ILOJRJN KDN VTV
DNDKICIV P VTV gJCJFGJV VGLD KDNSTIX FDL TLJ JdVDCTMJ GOLDNJLFGJ HI nVMJX LD
MILJL JNOTcILMDV KJNJ VTKNGcGN CJ FDLgTVGbL LG KJNJ NIgTMJN CDV VDEVcJVl I
CJ FDcdGLJFGbL HI CJ gJCVJ ECDVDgJ FDL CJ gI VTNOGb IC VGVMIcJ cDHINLGVMJ NIKCIMD
HI MJLMDV P MJL ONJLHIV INNDNIVl
g

8 8 :A 8
kJC KTVGINJL cILDV IcKIRD IL KNDKJOJNCD IND IV MJC VT JTHJFGJ P
CJ JFMGeGHJH STI HIVKCGIOJLX STI KNDHTFI MNGVMIJ eIN MJLMD IVgTIND HIHGFJHD
J HJRJN J CJ OCIVGJ FTJLHD KDHNJ VINCI HI cTFWJ TMGCGHJH VG IVMTeGIVI dGIL
IcKCIJHDl
DV MFMGFJV IcKCIJL KJNJ ILOJRJN J CJV JCcJV KNGcINDX KNDFTNJL JCCJf
LJN CDV DdVMFTCDV HIVKTnVX dTVFJL MDHD CD STI CIV KTIHI VINeGN P CD TMGCGJL
g

GLFJLVJdCI P KJFGILMIcILMIl
NIV VDL CJV FDVJV STI FDLVGHINJL KNGLFGKJCIV IVFDCCDV KJNJ VTV GLMILMDV
IC cnMDHD IVFDCVMGFD HI ECDVDgJNX " CJ JTMDNGHJH HI CDV QJLMDV JHNIV P CJ
NJHGFGbL P IC JOGVMINGD iFCIVGVMGFDl mDLMNJ ICCDV CTFWJL HILDHJHJcILMIl
GHGFTCGJL CJ ECDVDgJ P CJ MIDCDOJ IVFDCVMGFJV P CJV HIVKNIFGJLl J VIJ STI CD
WJOJL KDN GOLDNJLFGJ D KDN FDdJNHJ fD STG KDN JcdJV FDVJVfX IC WIFWD IV STI
IC HIVID HI LDeIHJHIV eJ VGIcKNI TLGHD JC DHGD FDLMNJ IC cnMDHD IVFDCVMGFD
LD WJP cIkDN VLMDcJ HI STI JCOTGIL IcKGIJ J GLFCGLJNVI WJFGJ CJV HDFMNGLJV
cDHINLGVMJV STI eINCI IcKIJN J DHGJN JC cnMDHD IVFDCVMGFDl IFTINHIL CDV
cDHINLGVMJV P VTV KJNMGHJNGDV CJ FDLHILJFGbL HI a FDLMNJ CJ KNDKDVGFGbL
STI HGFI t q}p{p pu s~x|~~pu |px pu vwt pu zx}~wpu {p|}pstu tu|p u}~|pu
|w}~zspx z }tppz xp upx z{t|wz{pu z zu xt|tu~{z{tu z|}wztu x~ z spstup
{t zu |~tx|~zul
`

LM

DLIL MDHD VT IcKIRD IL HIVeGNMTJN IC eJCDN P CJ LJMTNJCIJ HI CJ NJHGFGbL
KJNJ STGMJNCI GcKDNMJLFGJ P KIVDl IND VGIcKNI IVMJN IL KGI KJNJ CDV FJMbCGFDV
CJ JTMDNGHJH HIC mDLFGCGD HI UGFIJ STI FDLHILb z vw~txtu ut z}sttx |pqp
pu |s~q~xztu otst tu z {tust|~zs zu }sz{~|~pxtu t|tu~ u}~|zu z ~xtx}zs
xpt{z{tu p z z~}zsut qzz{z zu}w}zqtx}t zsz |wzs}tzs |wzvw~tsz {t zu
t}~qzu }sz{~|~pxtu {t z tu~z z}~|z VIOTGN IL KGI CJ KNDgIVGbL HIC
mDLFGCGD HI mDLVMJLMGLDKCJ sptuzqpu prutszs |wu}p{~zs zu xpsqzu
vwt ozx {z{p z z tu~z zx}z z}~|z pu}~|z pu uzx}pu zqpuu~
qpu u}ptu pu px|~~pu ps}p{ppu wx~tsuztu p|ztu |wzvw~ts z{st
~xu~sz{p ps ~pu qztu}sp {t z tu~z


'

'

'

OTJC STI HI CJ NJHGFGbL KGILVJL CDV cDHINLGVMJV VDdNI CDV QJLMDV JHNIV
HI CJ OCIVGJl mDL ILDNcI HIVgJFWJMI ILVIRJL JC KTIdCD STI
hDV QJLMDV JHNIVj VDL cTP HGOLDV HI eILINJFGbL KIND MILJL TLJ
GOLDNJLFGJ MJL ONJLHI JFINFJ HI CJ FNMGFJ P HI CJ WGVMDNGJ STI VbCD
VI CIV KTIHI IFTVJN MILGILHD IL FTILMJ IC MGIcKD IL STI eGeGINDLl


DN CMGcD VI HIHGFJL HILDHJHJcILMI J cILDVKNIFGJN P HIdGCGMJN CJ JTf
MDNGHJH HIC JOGVMINGD iFCIVGVMGFD MINOGeINVJLHD WINnMGFJcILMI VT DNGOILX VT

6~

z8

 ] X ]  Z 5 5p 



LJMTNJCIJX VTV HINIFWDV P WJFGnLHDVI IFD HI CJV FJCTcLGJV STI FDLMNJ nC CIeJLf
MJL VTV JHeINVJNGDVl QDL JKCGFJdCIV J IVMI ONTKD HI cDHINLGVMJV CJV KJCJdNJV STI
FDL ONJL HDCDN IVFNGdJ UTIVMND NIHIFIVDN px t spu~}p {t oz|ts p{~puz
{t}tu}zrt z z upuz qu}~|z {t ^_[`a vwt tu z w ts{z{tsz pu o~ pu
{t zu }~x~trzu }~txtx z |pu}wqrst {t z}z|zsz  r~|zqtx}t |px |zwqx~zu
tstsuzu }ts~tsuzx{p zu |puzu t utx}~{p {t zu zzrszu z oz|tx zuzs
ps zs}~{zs~z {t zu }~x~trzu qzx}txt{psz {t z ~xpszx|~z txtq~z {t z
w {t spstup {t zu |~tx|~zul
`

&

iVMJLHD JV CJV FDVJVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX LD IV HI IMNJRJN STI CDV
FJMbCGFDV STI CTFWJL FDL HILTIHD KDN CJ OCIVGJ VI JMNJGOJL MDHJ CJ cJCIeDCILFGJ
P IC DHGD HI CDV cDHINLGVMJVl UD WJP FCJVI HI GLkTNGJ STI LD CIV CJLFIL P J FJHJ
cDcILMD CDV JFTVJL HI GOLDNJLFGJ P MINSTIHJHl QG MIcIL VT INTHGFGbL P VT
gTINJ JLTCJL VT IEFJFGJ FDL TLJ FDLkTNJFGbL HIC VGCILFGDl iV TL cDHD HI
JFMTJN FDLMNJ CDV FJMbCGFDV MJLMD cV DHGDVD FTJLMD STI VGcTCMLIJcILMI LD
IVFJMGcJL CDV cIHGDV KJNJ ILVJCJN VGL HIVFJLVD J STGILIV IVML HI JFTINHD
FDL ICCDV JFDOIL FDL ONJLHIV JKCJTVDV VTV CGdNDV FJNOJHDV HI LDeIHJHIV J
STGIL FDL cJPDN JMNIeGcGILMD HIVMNTPI CD JLMGOTD P NIFWJJ CJ NJHGFGbL P IC
JOGVMINGDX cV KNDKJOJLHJ CI WJFIL FDcD WDcdNI VJdGDl DN CMGcD fP IVMD IV
JCOD STI WDNNDNGJfX VG CJ OCIVGJ FDLHILJ J JCOTGILX CJLJL VTV ICDOGDV J MDHDV
CDV eGILMDV P WJVMJ CD eILINJL TLLGcIcILMI FDcD cNMGNl
mDL MDHD IVMI IVMNnKGMD HI JCJdJLJV P HI GLVTCMDV CDV ILMILHGcGILMDV HI CDV
kbeILIV VI eIL cJCMNJMJHDV P FDLgTLHGHDV PX KJNJ LD VIN MILGHDV KDN GOLDNJLMIV
P KJVJN KDN VJdGDVX JCILMJHDV IL VT GLMINGDN KDN CJ FTNGDVGHJH P KDN CJ VDdINdGJX
VI NGLHIL P VI ILMNIOJL JC cDHINLGVcDl


iVMDV VDL CDV cJCJdJNGVcDV STI WJFIL CDV cDHINLGVMJV KJNJ FDCDFJN VT
cINFJLFJl Tn LD VDL FJKJFIV HI cDeIN KJNJ JTcILMJN IC LcIND HI VTV
VIFTJFIV iL CDV VIcGLJNGDV P IL CJV TLGeINVGHJHIV DFTKJL CDV KTIVMDV HI KNDf
gIVDNIV P FDLeGINMIL CJV FMIHNJV IL gDFDV HI GLgIFFGbLl iL CDV VINcDLIV eJL
VIcdNJLHD VTV HDFMNGLJVX JTLSTI LD VIJ cV STI eICJHJcILMI CJV IKDLIL
FDL MDHJ FCJNGHJH IL CDV FDLONIVDV CJV GLMNDHTFIL P ILVIRJL IL CJV GLVMGMTf
FGDLIV VDFGJCIVl iHGMJL FDL VT KNDKGD LDcdNI D FDL VITHbLGcDV CGdNDVX NIeGVMJV
P JNMFTCDVl B eIFIV TL cGVcD IHGMDN TMGCGJ eJNGDV LDcdNIV KJNJ STI CDV GLf
FJTMDV FNIJL STI IC LcIND HI JTMDNIV IV cJPDNl iL NIVTcILX FDL DdNJV P FDL
KJCJdNJV LD HIkJL HI WJFIN MDHD CD STI KTIHILX FDcD VG IVMTeGINJL KDVIGHDV
HI TLJ EIdNI gNILnMGFJl



^?

] X  ] X 5

A < = x X

<=

@q

mDL STn NIVTCMJHD CDNJcDV KDN IVJ ONJL FJLMGHJH HI kbeILIV IL STGILIV
VI KDHJL KDLIN CJV IVKINJLJVX STI KDHNJL WJdIN MNJdJkJHD FDL ONJL IEFJFGJ
KDN CJ OCIVGJ P STI VI WJL IMNJeGJHDl CJcILMJcDV STI DMNDV cTFWDVX VG LD
WJL CCIOJHD J IVI IMNIcDX VI WJL FDNNDcKGHD FDLMJOGJHDV KDN TLJ JMcbVgINJ
KDHNGHJ P KGILVJLX WJdCJL P IVFNGdIL FDL TL HIVILgJHD GcKNDKGD HI FJMbCGFDVl
DV WJP VIOCJNIV P CDV WJP VJFINHDMIV PX WJVMJ CD STI cILDV VI KDHJ IVKINJNX
MJcdGnL CDV WJP IL CJV bNHILIV NICGOGDVJVl JLIkJL CJ GdCGJ VIOL CDV KNGLFGKGDV
cDHINLGVMJVl BC IVFNGdGN CJ WGVMDNGJX FDL KNIMIMD HI HIkJN FCJNJ CJ eINHJHX
HIVMJFJL FDL cGLTFGDVGHJH P FDL gNTGFGbL FTJCSTGIN FDVJ STI KJNIFJ cJLFWJN
J CJ OCIVGJl DeGHDV KDN TL FGINMD JKNGDNGVcD GLMILMJL FDL MDHJV VTV gTINJV
HIVMNTGN CJV KGJHDVJV MNJHGFGDLIV KDKTCJNIVl IVKNIFGJL CJV VJONJHJV NICGSTGJV
eILINJdCIV KDN VT JLMGO IHJHl iVML WGLFWJHDV KDN CJ eJLGHJH HI STI IC cTLHD
WJdCI HI ICCDV P KGILVJL STI LD CD FDLVIOTGNL VG VI CGcGMJL J HIFGN CJV FDVJV
STI VGIcKNI P KDN MDHDV VI WJL HGFWDl J MDHD IVMD IVML FDLeILFGHDV HI STI
IVML KNIVMJLHD TL VINeGFGD J _a[ P J CJ OCIVGJ VGL IcdJNODX CJ eINHJH IV STI
LD WJFIL cV STI HJRDX LD VbCD FDL VTV MNJdJkDV VGLD MJcdGnL KDN CJ GLMILFGbL
STI CDV cTIeI P KDNSTI FDCJdDNJL IEFJFVGcJcILMI FDL CJV cJLGDdNJV HI CDV
cDHINLGVMJVl
`

# $% &'( )*

0 / 3 3 6

Z
UTIVMND NIHIFIVDN HI gICG cIcDNGJX WGD ILDNcIV IVgTINDV
KJNJ DKDLINVI J IVMJ CIOGbL HI INNDNIV STIX IVKIFGJCcILMI IL cJMINGJ ddCGFJX
VDCJKJHJ P JdGINMJcILMI LDV IVM GLeJHGILHDl IND PJ WIcDV eGVMD STI CDV
cDHINLGVMJV LD VI JFDdJNHJL FDL gJFGCGHJH JLMI CDV JMJSTIV JHDKMJLHD TLJ
JFMGMTH gJCVJ HI NIVKIMD P VTcGVGbL NIMDNFGINDL CJV KJCJdNJV HIC DLMEFIX CJV
GLMINKNIMJNDL J VT gJeDN P CJV JKCGFJNDL J FDVJV HGgINILMIV HI CJV JKTLMJHJVl
BV NIVTCMb STI IC HJRD gTI FNIFGILHD cVl DN IVDX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX WJP
STI MDcJN CJ HIMINcGLJFGbL HI LD IVKINJN cV MGIcKD P JFTHGN J NIcIHGDV cV
MINcGLJLMIVl
V NDOJcDV KTIV P DV GLVMJcDV KJNJ STI IL FDVJ HI MJLMJ GcKDNMJLFGJ LD
gJCMI eTIVMNJ eGOGCJLFGJX eTIVMNJ HGCGOILFGJX eTIVMNJ gDNMJCIJX LG MDCINnGV IL ICCD
CD cV cLGcDl CD STI J eDVDMNDV DV KIHGcDV P HI eDVDMNDV IVKINJcDV CD
KIHGcDV P CD IVKINJcDV HI MDHDV CDV KJVMDNIV HI JCcJV P HI CDV STI ILVIRJL J
CDV kbeILIV FCnNGODV PX HI cDHD IVKIFGJCX CD IVKINJcDV HI CDV cJIVMNDV VTKINGDNIV
HI CJV NHILIV ICGOGDVJVl
e

878 @AA ;A@< 8

iL KNGcIN CTOJN KDN CD STI VI NIEINI J CDV IVMTHGDV STINIcDV P cJLHJcDV
MJJMGeJcILMI STI FDcD gTLHJcILMD HI CDV IVMTHGDV VJONJHDV VI KDLOJ CJ
ECDVDgJ IVFDCVMGFJl ~ts}zqtx}t vwt u~ oz zwxz |puz }sz}z{z |px t|tu~
zu uw}~tzu p txutyz{z uwts |~zqtx}t ps pu {p|}pstu tu|p u}~|pu u~ zp
xp |px|wts{z |px zu {p|}s~xzu |pqsprz{zu pu}ts~psqtx}t p vwt ~x|wup {t
z x qp{p xp tu sprzrt tu} t pu {t wtu}sz ~x}tx|~x t sppxts vwt
op {z ut u~zl iV GcKDNMJLMI LDMJN STI JC KNIVFNGdGN STI VI VGOJ CJ ECDVDgJ

&

r,st

=   3 45 

9

9



IVFDCVMGFJ UDV NIgINGcDV J CJ STI ILVIRb QJLMD a [ Z \_ a DHD CD
STI UTIVMND NIHIFIVDN HIFNIMb JFINFJ HI CJ cGVcJ STINIcDV STI VGOJ IL eGODN
PX KDN VG gTINJ LIFIVJNGDX CD NIKIMGcDV P CD FDLENcJcDV P cJLHJcDV STI VI
DdVINeI IVMNGFMJcILMI KDN MDHDVl DV dGVKDV HIdINLX IL IC FJVD HI STI IVMD
VI WTdGIVI HIVFTGHJHD IL CDV VIcGLJNGDVX TNOGN P IGOGN STI HI JWDNJ IL JHIf
CJLMI VI DdVINeIl OTJC cJLHJcDV J CDV QTKINGDNIV HI CJV NHILIV ICGOGDVJVl B
CDV KNDgIVDNIV JHeINMGcDV STI MILOJL KDN VIOTND STI JdJLHDLJN JC HI BSTGLDX
IVKIFGJCcILMI IL cIMJgVGFJX H CTOJN J ONJeIV HJRDVl

 

88 ;A@A 8
TIVMDV JV CDV gTLHJcILMDV ECDVbEFDV VI HIdIN KNDFIHIN J CIeJLMJN FDL
MDHD FTGHJHD IC IHGEFGD HI CJ MIDCDOJl iVMGcTCJH FDL MDHD eTIVMND IVgTINDX
ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX CDV IVMTHGDV MIDCbOGFDV KJNJ FDLVIOTGN STI JC VJCGN HIC
VIcGLJNGD CDV VJFINHDMIV VIKJL JKNIFGJN IVDV IVMTHGDV P CDV MILOJL FDcD TLJ HI
CJV DFTKJFGDLIV cV ONJMJVl z{~t ~xpsz vwt tx}st zu qw|ozu {~tsuzu qz
}ts~zu vwt ut pst|tx z wx tus~}w ~{p {t z ts{z{ z uzsz{z }tppz p|wz
t s~qts wtu}p z pu uzr~pu zx}~wpu z sqzrzx vwt z zu {tq u |~tx|~zu
zs}tu tu |psstupx{z t zt {t uts~st |pqp u~ wtszx uwu tu|zzul
B IVMD WJP STI JRJHGN STI VDL HGOLDV HI ICDOGD STGILIV KDLIL VT IVgTIND IL
JKDNMJN LTIeD CTVMNI J CJ MIDCDOJ KDVGMGeJ fVGIcKNI FDL IC NIVKIMD STI VI HIdI
J CJ NJHGFGbLX J CDV JHNIV P JC JOGVMINGD iFCIVGVMGFD P IVMD LD VI KTIHI
HIFGN HI MDHDVf FDL CTFIV MDcJHJV HI CJ eINHJHINJ WGVMDNGJl mGINMJcILMI STI
WDP WJP STI MILIN cV IL FTILMJ STI JLMIV CJ MIDCDOJ KDVGMGeJ KIND VGL STI
CJ MIDCDOJ IVFDCVMGFJ VJCOJ KINkTHGFJHJl IdI CCJcJNVI CJ JMILFGbL J CDV STI
ICDOGIL CJ MIDCDOJ KDVGMGeJ HI MJC cDHD STI KJNIFJL HIVKNIFGJN CJ IVFDCVMGFJX
KTIV JV WJFIL IC kTIOD J CDV cDHINLGVMJVl

8 8 ; :A8
iL CD STI VI NIEINI J CJV FGILFGJV KNDgJLJV dJVMJ FDL NIcGMGNLDV J CD STI
VJdGJcILMI HGkD UTIVMND NIHIFIVDN szrz z{ |px {txwt{p tx t tu}w{~p {t
zu |puzu xz}wsztu wtu zu |pqp zopsz |zwuzx z{q~sz|~x pu ~xtx~pupu ~x
tx}pu zu tqstuzu txzu {t t |z|~z {t op {z q u z{tzx}t uts x pr t}p
{t tstxxt zsprz|~x tp~pl IND MDHD IVMD VGL HIMNGcILMD JCOTLD HI CDV
IVMTHGDV VJONJHDVX PJ CD JHeGINMI MJcdGnL UTIVMND NIHIFIVDN FDL IVMJV VINGJV
KJCJdNJV ~ ut ~xtu}~zx |px {t}tx~q~tx}p zu |zwuzu {t tu}pu tsspstu ut z{
~ts}t vwt |pxu~u}tx s~x|~zqtx}t tx vwt op |wzx}p |px qzps ~x}txu~{z{

r,st

j  X^ 

]  Z^ p 45 

4  ?  5p  < = 4 ; < = x  X  < =

@@

7 


< = < 5 5= x \ X= < =

@@q

ut |w}~zx zu |~tx|~zu xz}wsztu }zx}p q u ut qzs|o~}zx zu {~u|~~xzu wx

{zqtx}ztu uwts~pstu zwxzu {t tzu ~x|wup ozx |z{p tx t p~{p p}szu
ut }sz}zx {t wx qp{p uwts |~z t ~xuw |~tx}t p vwt z tu ~x{~xzx}t ut tu
zsstrz}z t tutx{ps {t uw {~x~{z{ qzx|o x{pzu |px txutyzxzu tstsuzu
|px {p|}s~xzu qpxu}swpuzul JLHJcDV KTIV STI IL CDV VIcGLJNGDV CJV FGILFGJV
LJMTNJCIV VI FTCMGeIL MILGILHD IL FTILMJ IVMDV IMNIcDVl

8 8 A ? ;:A:;
:A;A:;8
iV LIFIVJNGD MILIN KNIVILMIV IVMJV HGVKDVGFGDLIV UTIVMNJV P HI UTIVMNDV NIf
HIFIVDNIV J CJ WDNJ HI IVFDOIN CDV VTKINGDNIV P CDV KNDgIVDNIV HI CDV VIcGLJNGDV
P HI CJV TLGeINVGHJHIV FJMbCGFJVl
DHD JSTIC STI HI FTJCSTGIN cDHD IVMTeGIVI MDFJHD KDN IC cDHINLGVcD
HIdIN VIN JKJNMJHDX VGL LGLOTLJ FDLVGHINJFGbLX HI CDV KTIVMDV HI ODdGINLD P
HI CJ ILVIRJLJ VG PJ CDV DFTKJ WJdN STI VTVMGMTGNCDl OTJC WJP STI WJFIN
FDL STGILIVX HI cDHD ILFTdGINMD D JdGINMJcILMIX JCGILMIL IC cDHINLGVcD PJ
VIJ JCJdJLHD D HGVFTCKJLHD J CDV cDHINLGVMJVX FNGMGFJLHD CJ IVFDCVMGFJX CDV
JHNIV P IC JOGVMINGD iFCIVGVMGFD HIVDdIHIFGILHD J CJ KDMIVMJH IFCIVGVMGFJ IL
STGILSTGINJ STI CJ DVMILMIl JcdGnL WJP STI DdNJN JV FDL STGILIV VI JEFGDLIL
J CJV LDeIHJHIV IL cJMINGJ HI WGVMDNGJX HI JNSTIDCDOJ D HI IVMTHGDV ddCGFDV P
FDL STGILIV HJL HI CJHD J CJV HGVFGKCGLJV VJONJHJV D CIV JLMIKDLIL CJV KNDgJLJVl
iL IVMDX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX VDdNI MDHD IL CJ ICIFFGbL HI KNDgIVDNIVX
LTLFJ VIN HIcJVGJHJ CJ eGOGCJLFGJ P CJ FDLVMJLFGJl DV HGVFKTCDV VJCHNL J CDV
cJIVMNDVl DN IVMDV cDMGeDV FDL FDLFGILFGJ FCJNJ HI FTC IV eTIVMND DEFGD JFf
MTJH IL ICCD FDL KNTHILFGJ P FDL gDNMJCIJl mDL CJ cGVcJ eGOGCJLFGJ P IGOILFGJ
VI HIdIN FDLDFIN P VICIFFGDLJN J STGILIV HIVIIL VIN DNHILJHDVl IkDVX CIkDV
HI CJV QJONJHJV NHILIV IC JcDN J CJV LDeIHJHIV _a[ JdDNNIFI CDV IVKNGMTV
VDdINdGDV P FDLMTcJFIVl UJHGI KDHN DdMILIN HI JWDNJ IL JHICJLMI IC HDFMDf
NJHD IL MIDCDOJ P IL HINIFWD FJLbLGFD VG LD WJ FTNVJHD JLMIV CDV IVMTHGDV HI
ECDVDgJ IVFDCVMGFJ PX VG CD DdMGILIX VIN GLeCGHDl IFNIMJcDV STI VI IMGILHJ
J MDHJV CJV LJFGDLIV CD STI CJ QJONJHJ mDLONIOJFGbL HI dGVKDV P IOTCJNIV
HIMINcGLb IL FDL NIVKIFMD J CDV FCnNGODV VIFTCJNIV P NIOTCJNIV HI MJCGJl
DV FCnNGODV P VJFINHDMIV STI VI GLVFNGdJL IL TLJ TLGeINVGHJH D IL TL GLVMGMTMD
FJMbCGFDV LD HIdINL IVMTHGJN IL LGLOTLJ TLGeINVGHJH FGeGC CJV HGVFGKCGLJV HI
CJV STI PJ WJPJ FMIHNJ IL JSTnCCDVl QG IL JCOL VGMGD VI WTdGIVI KINcGMGHD IVMD
cJLHJcDV STI LD VI eTICeJ J WJFINl DV dGVKDV STI IVMnL JC gNILMI HI IVMJV
TLGeINVGHJHIV D GLVMGMTMDV FTGHIL FDL MDHJ HGCGOILFGJ HI STI VI DdVINeI IL MDHD
cDcILMD CD STI WIcDV cJLHJHDl

" 4  ?  5p 
)

< =4 ; < = x X < =

Y  4? x = 

nq

] l 5 

_q

@@

"

8 8 ?>@A;8
OTJCcILMI CDV dGVKDV MGILIL CJ DdCGOJFGbL HI eICJN KJNJ STI LD VI CIJL CDV
IVFNGMDV cDHINLGVMJV D STI MGILIL VJdDN J cDHINLGVcD D CI WJFIL KNDKJOJLHJl
QG IVMDV IVFNGMDV LD IVML IHGMJHDV HIdINL KNDWGdGN STI VI IHGMILl UD VI HIf
dIN KINcGMGN STI CDV JCTcLDV HI VIcGLJNGDV P TLGeINVGHJHIV MILOJL JFFIVD J
IVMJ FCJVI HI CGdNDVX KINGbHGFDV P NIeGVMJV KTIV LD VDL cILDV HJRGLDV STI CDV
FDLMNJNGDV J CJV dTILJV FDVMTcdNIVX GLFCTVD WJFIL cV HJRD KDNSTI FDNNDIL CDV
gTLHJcILMDV HI CJ eGHJ FNGVMGJLJl iC cGVcD kTGFGD cINIFIL CJV KTdCGFJFGDLIV
HI JCOTLDV IVFNGMDNIV FJMbCGFDV fKDN CD HIcV dGIL GLMILFGDLJHDVf STIX KDFD gDNf
cJHDV IL MIDCDOJ P FDLMJOGJHDV HI ECDVDgJ cDHINLJX VI HIHGFJL J JNcDLGJN
IVMJ ECDVDgJ FDL CJ gI P WJVMJ KNIMILHILX VIOL HGFILX STI CJ gI VJSTI KNDeIf
FWD HI IVDl NIFGVJcILMI KDNSTI IVMDV IVFNGMDV VI CIIL VGL NIFICD HJHD IC dTIL
LDcdNI HI VTV JTMDNIVX KDN IVD cGVcD NIKNIVILMJL TL cJPDN KICGOND KJNJ GN
KJTCJMGLJcILMI HIVCGLHDVI WJFGJ IC cDHINLGVcDl
iL cJMINGJ MJL GcKDNMJLMI FDcD nVMJX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX KNDFTNJH
HIVMINNJN FDL ILINOJ MDHD CGdND KINLGFGDVD STI FGNFTCI IL eTIVMNJV HGbFIVGV
KDN cIHGD GLFCTVD HI TLJ KNDWGdGFGbL VDCIcLIl DN cV STI CJ BKDVMbCGFJ QIHI
VI IVgTINFI IL ICGcGLJN IVMJ FCJVI HI IVFNGMDV VDL PJ MJL JdTLHJLMIV STI gJCMJL
CJV gTINJV KJNJ CDFJCGJNCDV J MDHDVX JV KTIHI VTFIHIN STI VI IFWI cJLD HI CJ
cIHGFGLJ FTJLHD CJ ILgINcIHJH VI WJ FDLMNJGHD WJFI MGIcKDl TINIcDV KTIV
STI CDV dGVKDV FTcKCJL FDL VT DdCGOJFGbL VGL cGIHDX VGL KNTHILFGJ HI CJ FJNLIX
VGL IVFTFWJN FCJcDNIV HI KNDMIVMJX FDL VTJeGHJH FGINMJcILMI KIND FDL FDLVMJLf
FGJ GcKINMTNdJdCIX NIFTINHIL CD STI KNIVFNGdJ Z
IL CJ mDLVMGMTFGbL
BKDVMbCGFJ |~pswq pu s{~xzs~pu ~x|wup z|}wzx{p |pqp {ttz{pu {t z
t{t pu}~|z {trtx spu|s~r~s zt zs {t z|zx|t {t pu ttu pu ~rspu
pu tu|s~}pu ts w{~|~ztu vwt ut t{~}tx p ut {~wx{zx tx uwu {~|tu~ul iVMJV
KJCJdNJV FDLFIHIL TL HINIFWD KIND MJcdGnL GcKDLIL TLJ DdCGOJFGbLl UJHGI
KTIHI KILVJN STI FTcKCI FDL IVJ DdCGOJFGbL VG HILTLFGJ TLD STI DMND CGdND
KIND FDLVGILMI STI DMNDV cTFWDV VI HGgTLHJL KDN MDHJV KJNMIVl
LD DV FDLEnGVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX KDN IC WIFWD HI STI JCOL JTMDN WJPJ
DdMILGHD IC qs~qz}ws IL DMNJ HGbFIVGVX KDNSTI KTIHI VIN gJCVD D KDNSTI CI WJ
KDHGHD VIN FDLFIHGHD FDL CGOINIJ D FDL HIcJVGJHJ dCJLHTNJ D KDN TL IFIVD
HI FDLEJLJ IL IC JTMDNX FDVJ nVMJ STI KTIHI DFTNNGN JCOTLJ eI IL CJV NHILIV
ICGOGDVJVl QTFIHI STI JV FDcD LD J MDHDV FDLeGILI IC cGVcD JCGcILMDX CGdNDV
STI IL TL CTOJN KTIHIL VIN GLDFTDV IL DMND CTOJN KTIHIL VIN KINLGFGDVDV KDN
TLJ VINGI HI FGNFTLVMJLFGJVl BV KTIV VG JCOL dGVKDX HIVKTnV HI JVIVDNJNVI
HIdGHJcILMIX FNII FDLeILGILMI KNDWGdGN IL VT HGbFIVGV JCOTLD HI IVMDV CGdNDV CI
FDLFIHIcDV MDHJ gJFTCMJH KJNJ WJFINCD I GLFCTVD CI cJLHJcDV STI CD WJOJl IND
CCneIVI J FJdD MDHD IVMD FDL HICGFJHIJ CGcGMJLHD CJ KNDWGdGFGbL JC FCINDX VG ICCD
dJVMJNJl DV CGdNINDV FJMbCGFDV MGILIL IC HIdIN HI LD KDLIN J CJ eILMJ CDV CGdNDV

'

Y  4? x = 

] l 5 

KNDWGdGHDV KDN IC dGVKDl J STI WIcDV MDFJHD IVMI KTLMD cGNIL CDV dGVKDV
STI CDV CGdNINDV LD FDcINFGIL FDL cJCJ cINFJLFJ KDN JgL HI CTFND KTIV IL
JCOTLDV FJMCDODV JdTLHJL CDV CGdNDV cDHINLGVMJV ICDOGJHDV KNDgTVJcILMIl QG
IVMDV CGdNINDV VI LGIOJL J DdIHIFIN LD HTHIL CDV dGVKDVX HIVKTnV HI CCJcJNCIV
CJ JMILFGbLX IL NIMGNJNCIV IC MMTCD HI CGdNINDV FJMbCGFDV P cV MDHJeJ VG MGILIL IC
MMTCD HI CGdNINDV IKGVFDKJCIVl QG DVMILMJL IC MMTCD HI CGdNINDV KDLMGEFGDV WJdNL
HI VIN HILTLFGJHDV J CJ QJLMJ QIHIl
DN CMGcDX STINIcDV NIFDNHJN J MDHDV CD STI VI HGFI IL IC JNMFTCD HI
CJ mDLVMGMTFGbL |~pswq p{pu zvwtpu vwt ozx pr}tx~{p tsq~up zpu}~|p
zsz tts st}txts ~rspu spo~r~{pu xp wt{tx ps tup tts x~ st}txts pu ~rspu
p ts~{~|pu spo~r~{pu ps t s{~xzs~p {t wzs z xp uts vwt tx ~x{w}p
zpu}~|p ut ozz |pxu}zs z z|w}z{ {t tts st}txts ~rspu |px{txz{pu ps
vw~txvw~tsz

NN

8 8 A ;A:;8
IND LD dJVMJ FDL GcKIHGN CJ CIFMTNJ P CJ eILMJ HI CDV CGdNDV cJCDV VGLD STI
IV KNIFGVD MJcdGnL IeGMJN VT GcKNIVGbLl DN FDLVGOTGILMIX CDV dGVKDV WJL HI
FDLFIHIN FDL cTFWJ IGOILFGJ CJ CGFILFGJ KJNJ IHGMJNl JHD STI VDL cTFWJV
CJV FDVJV STI VI IGOIL IL CJ mDLVMGMTFGbL |~pswq KJNJ STI IC NHGLJNGD
FDLFIHJ IC KINcGVD HI IHGMJN P FDcD LD IV KDVGdCI STI IC dGVKD KTIHJ WJFINCD
MDHD HI KDN VX IL FJHJ HGbFIVGV HIdIN WJdIN TL LcIND VTEFGILMI HI FILf
VDNIV HI DEFGD KJNJ IJcGLJN CDV CGdNDVl IFDcILHJcDV ILFJNIFGHJcILMI IVMJ
GLVMGMTFGbL HI CDV FILVDNIV P LD VbCD JFDLVIkJcDV VGLD STI cJLHJcDV MJJMGf
eJcILMI STI VI IMGILHJ J MDHJV CJV HGbFIVGVl IdIN WJdIN IL MDHJV CJV FTNGJV
HGDFIVJLJV FILVDNIV HI DEFGD STI IJcGLIL CDV IVFNGMDV STI VI eJPJL J IHGMJNl
QI HIdINL ICIOGN HI ILMNI JcdDV FCINDV JSTICCDV STI cINIFJL FDLEJLJ KDN
VT IHJHX VT INTHGFGbL P VT KNTHILFGJ STGILIV cJLMILOJL TL ENcI ISTGCGdNGD
IL CD STI VI NIEINI J CJV HDFMNGLJV STI VI HIdIL JKNDdJN P CJV STI LD VI HIdIL
JKNDdJNl B ICCDV VI HIdIN ILFDcILHJN IC IcIL HI CDV IVFNGMDV STIX VIOL
CDV JNMFTCDV P " HI CJ mDLVMGMTFGbL FGMJHJX LIFIVGMJL JTMDNGJFGbL KJNJ
VIN KTdCGFJHDVl iC FILVDN IKNIVJN VT kTGFGD KDN IVFNGMDl QG IVMI kTGFGD gTINJ
gJeDNJdCIX IC dGVKD JTMDNGJN CJ KTdCGFJFGbL FDL CJ KJCJdNJ qs~qz}ws STI
GN KNIFIHGHJ HI CJ IKNIVGbL ~o~ pru}z} P CJ ENcJ HIC FILVDNl
OTJC STI IL CJV HIcVX MJcdGnL IL CJ FTNGJ NDcJLJ VI WJL HI GLVMGMTGN
FILVDNIV HI DEFGDl QINL LDcdNJHDV KDN IC cJIVMND HIC VJFND KJCJFGDX DHD IC
mJNHILJC eGFJNGD HI CJ TNdI P FDL IC FDLVILMGcGILMD P CJ JKNDdJFGbL HIC QTcD
DLMEFIl QIN IC cJIVMND HIC VJFND KJCJFGD STGIL HIVGOLI IC FILVDN STI HIdJ
IJcGLJN FJHJ IVFNGMD P MJcdGnL nC HJN CJ JTMDNGJFGbL HI KTdCGFJN fGOTJCcILMI
KDHN WJFINCD IL mJNHILJC eGFJNGD HIC DLMEFI D STGIL WJOJ VTV eIFIVf VGIcKNI
KNIFIHGHJX FDcD STIHJ HGFWDX HI CJ gbNcTCJ HI JKNDdJFGbL P HI CJ ENcJ HIC

'



FILVDNl
QbCD IL FGNFTLVMJLFGJV IMNJDNHGLJNGJV P cTP IFIKFGDLJCcILMIX VIOL IC
KNTHILMI kTGFGD HIC dGVKDX KDHN DcGMGNVI IC LDcdNI HIC FILVDNl iC LDcdNI HIC
FILVDN LD HIdIN VIN FDLDFGHD KDN IC JTMDN WJVMJ STI IcGMJ TL kTGFGD gJeDNJdCI
KJNJ IeGMJNCI cDCIVMGJV cGILMNJV IVM IJcGLJLHD IC IVFNGMD D KDN VG LD JTMDNGJ
CJ KTdCGFJFGbLl
UTLFJ VI HIdINL LDcdNJN FILVDNIV NICGOGDVDV VGL KNGcIND KIHGN CJ DKGLGbL
NIVINeJHJ HI VT VTKINGDN KNDeGLFGJC D VG IV IL DcJ HIC VTKINGDN OILINJCl iCCDV
HJNL gI HI CJV dTILJV FDVMTcdNIVX HI CJ FGILFGJ P HI CJ NIFMGMTH HDFMNGLJC HI CJ
KINVDLJ HIVGOLJHJl BHeINMGcDV J CDV VTKINGDNIV NICGOGDVDV HIC ONJeVGcD HIdIN
STI MGILIL HI LD KINcGMGN STI LGLOTLD HI VTV VdHGMDV KTdCGSTI LJHJ VGL STI
cIHGI CJ JKNDdJFGbL HI ICCDV cGVcDV D HIC NHGLJNGDl
DN CMGcD JHeINMGcDV P HIFCJNJcDV STI STGIL DVMILMI IC MMTCD HI FILVDN
LD KDHN LTLFJ WJFINCD eJCIN LG LTLFJ CD WJ HI TMGCGJN KJNJ NIgNILHJN VTV
DKGLGDLIV KINVDLJCIVl
LJ eI HGFWJV IVMJV FDVJV IL OILINJC cJLHJcDV STI IL FDLFNIMD VI Ddf
VINeI CD STI VI IVMJdCIFI IL IC JNMFTCD " CJ mDLVMGMTFGbL |~pswq FDL IVMJV
KJCJdNJV u} spo~r~{p vwt u~x st~z zw}ps~z|~x {t s{~xzs~p pu |s~
pu ut|wzstu {~s~ zx {~zs~pu wr~|z|~pxtu ts~{~|zu QG TVJL cJC HI IVJ
JTMDNGJFGbL VI CIV HIdIN JcDLIVMJN P KNGeJN HI ICCJl
iL FTJLMD J CDV VJFINHDMIV STI VDL |psstupxuztu D |pzrpsz{pstu HI KNILVJX
HJHD STI FDL gNIFTILFGJ IVFNGdIL IL KTdCGFJFGDLIV MDFJHJV FDL IC eGNTV HIC
cDHINLGVcDX CDV dGVKDV HIdIL FTGHJN HI STI LD FDcIMJL LGLOL INNDN PX
VG CD FDcIMILX HIdINL JcDLIVMJNCIV P KNDWGdGNCIV STI IVFNGdJLl BHeINMGcDV
VINGJcILMI J CDV VTKINGDNIV NICGOGDVDV STI WJOJL CD cGVcD VG LD WJFIL FJVD HI
IVMJ JHeINMILFGJ HIdINL GLMINeILGN CDV NHGLJNGDV FDL JTMDNGHJH HICIOJHJ HIC
QTcD DLMEFIl
QI WJN MDHD CD KDVGdCI KJNJ STI CDV KINGbHGFDV P CJV NIeGVMJV IVFNGMJV KDN
FJMbCGFDV MILOJL TL FILVDNl QT MNJdJkD FDLVGVMGN IL CIIN MDHD CD IVFNGMD HIVf
KTnV HI KTdCGFJHD PX VG ILFTILMNJ JCOD GLFDNNIFMDX HIdIN IGOGN TLJ NKGHJ
NIFMGEFJFGbLl iVMJ cGVcJ gJFTCMJH MILHN IC dGVKDX GLFCTVD FDLMNJ CJ DKGLGbL
gJeDNJdCI HIC FILVDNl

8 8 =>@; A :;A8
J WIcDV FGMJHD CDV FDLONIVDV P CJV JVJcdCIJV FDcD CTOJNIV IL CDV STI CDV
cDHINLGVMJV MNJMJL HI HIgILHIN P KNDKJOJN KdCGFJcILMI VT KILVJcGILMDl
I JWDNJ IL JHICJLMI CDV dGVKDV LD KINcGMGNLX VGLD KDN NJNJ IFIKFGbLX
STI VI FICIdNIL JVJcdCIJV HI VJFINHDMIVl JTL IL IC FJVD HI KINcGMGNCJVX STI
VbCD VIJ FDL CJ FDLHGFGbL HI STI LD VI MNJMI IL ICCJV HI JVTLMDV STI LGFJcILMI
FDcKIMIL J CDV dGVKDV D J CJ QIHI BKDVMbCGFJX STI LJHJ VI KNDKDLOJ D VI

NIFCJcI IL HIMNGcILMD HI CJ KDMIVMJH VJONJHJX STI IL JdVDCTMD VI WJdCI IL

ICCJV HI LJHJ STI WTICJ J cDHINLGVcDX J KNIVdGMINGJLGVcD D J CJGFGVcDl
B IVMJV JVJcdCIJV D FDLONIVDV JTMDNGJHDV TLD J TLDX KDN IVFNGMD P IL
cDcILMD JHIFTJHDX LD HIdIN JVGVMGN LGLOL VJFINHDMI HI DMNJ HGbFIVGV J STGIL
VT dGVKD LD VI CD KINcGMJ KDN IVFNGMDl
DV VJFINHDMIV HIdINL VGIcKNI MILIN KNIVILMI CJ VINGJ JHeINMILFGJ HI Z
z zw}ps~{z{ {t uwu r~upu oz {t uts uzx}z zsz pu uz|ts{p}tu }txzx
ps |~ts}p vwt u~ t q~x~u}ts~p uz|ts{p}z xp ut t ts|t rz p t qz~u}ts~p {t pu
r~upu xp uts x~ uzx}p x~ t |z x~ ~q~pl

 O

8 8 A A; A ; @ 8
I STn VINeGNJX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX STI HGnVIcDV bNHILIV P KNIFIKMDV
VG LD VI DdVINeJNJL KTLMTJC P HIFGHGHJcILMI JNJ MILIN CJ JCIONJ HI eIN STI
IVMJV KNIVFNGKFGDLIV VI FTcKCIL UDV WJ KJNIFGHD FDLeILGILMI IMILHIN J MDHJV
CJV HGbFIVGV CD STI PJ WJFI JRDV HIFGHGINDL CDV dGVKDV HI CJ cdNJ zsz
zsszx|zs pu tsspstu vwt ut ozx {~wx{~{p zsz t~}zs vwt ut u~zx {~wzx{p
p vwt u~zx uws~tx{p qztu}spu {t ~q~t{z{ vwt qzx}txzx ~pu pu tsx~
|~pupu tt|}pu vwt oz sp{w|~{p tu}z {~wz|~x t zx}p xp{p {t}tsq~xz
vwt u~w~tx{p t t tqp {t zx ^ a[ a^^a Za tx |z{z {~|tu~u ut
|stt wx pxut p |pqwtu}p ps uz|ts{p}tu {t wxp p}sp |tsp |wp |pqt}~{p
utz tu}zs z}tx}pu zsz ts vw xwtpu tsspstu xz|tx {t tpu {zs |wtx}z z
r~up zsz vwt {tr~{zqtx}t zutupsz{p pxz pu stqt{~pu vwt zzwtx t
qz {tu{t uw q~uqp |pq~txp z x {t vwt xp ut {~wwt oz|~tx{p |z{z t
q u {zyp z zu zqzu p vwt xp t|ot sz|tu |st|z p |wz utsz tps
iVMI mDLVIkDX STI STINIcDV VI CCJcI HI ~~zx|~z cJLHJcDV STI VIJ FNIJf
HD FTJLMD JLMIV IL FJHJ TLJ HI CJV HGbFIVGVl JV KINVDLJV STI HI nC gDNcIL
KJNMI FTcKCGNL FDL VT FDcIMGHD HIC cGVcD cDHD STI WIcDV IVMJdCIFGHD KJNJ
CDV FILVDNIVl mJHJ HDV cIVIV MILHNL TLJ NITLGbL FDL IC dGVKDX CD STI IL
IVJ NITLGbL MNJMIL D HIFGHJL VIN VIFNIMDl DN NJbL HI VT DEFGD MILHNL CJV
VGOTGILMIV JMNGdTFGDLIV IVMJN JCINMJ KJNJ HIVFTdNGN FTJCSTGIN GLHGFGD HI cDHINf
LGVcD IL CDV CGdNDV P IL CJ ILVIRJLJ HIMINcGLJN FDL KNTHILFGJX KIND FDL
NJKGHI P IEFJFGJX CD STI VIJ KNIFGVD KJNJ FDLVINeJN VJLD IC FCIND P CJ OILMI
kDeILl
ILOJL FTGHJHD FDL CDV eDFJdCDV HI LTIRD FTRD P NIFTINHIL CDV FDLVIkDV
HI Z
p ut {trts }ptszs tx tu|s~}pu |z}~|pu pu qp{pu {t {t|~s
vwt u~w~tx{p z |pss~tx}t z zu xpt{z{tu qzzu ut rwstx {t z ~t{z{ {t pu
ttu sppxzx wx xwtp tu}~p {t ~{z |s~u}~zxz wxpu xwtpu st|t}pu {t
z tu~z wxzu xwtzu zu~sz|~pxtu tu~s~}wztu wxz xwtz p|z|~x up|~z {t

'

i 2   3 45 

z

98

< = k=\ X=X

<=

@@A



|tsp wxz xwtz |~~~z|~x |s~u}~zxz p}szu qw|ozu |puzu zst|~{zul UJHJ
HI IVMD VI MDCINJN LG IL CDV CGdNDV LG IL CJV FDLgINILFGJVl
UD VI DCeGHIL HI KNIVMJN JMILFGbL J CDV CGdNDV STI MNJMJL HI MNJHGFGDLIV
KGJHDVJV CDFJCIV D HI CJV VJONJHJV NICGSTGJVl UD FDLVILMGNL STI IL KINGbHGFDV
D NIeGVMJV KGJHDVJV VI WJdCI HI IVMDV MIcJV VGL NIVKIMD D FDL HIVKNIFGDX LG
KNIMILHGILHD HJN FNGMINGD KNGLFGKJCcILMI fFDcD DFTNNI FDL gNIFTILFGJf VG VI
JENcJ STI VDL FDVJV NICJMGeJV D VI IcGMIL DKGLGDLIV dJVJHJV IL KNIkTGFGDVl
BFINFJ HI CJV VJONJHJV NICGSTGJV WJP STI MILIN IL FTILMJ CD VGOTGILMI VG CDV
dGVKDV fSTI VDL CDV LGFDV STI MGILIL IVMJ gJFTCMJHf VJdIL FDL FINMIJ STI
TLJ NICGSTGJ LD IV JTMnLMGFJX CJ HIdIL NIMGNJN HIC FTCMD HI CDV EICIV VG TLJ
NICGSTGJ LD MGILI VT JTMnLMGFJ hFINMGEFJHD HI JTMILMGFGHJHj KDN WJdINVI KINHGHD
IL JCOTLJ NIeDCTFGbL FGeGC D KDN JCOTLJ DMNJ FJTVJX LD VI HIdIN KNDKDLIN JC
FTCMD KdCGFD WJVMJ STI IC dGVKD LD CJ WJPJ HIdGHJcILMI NIFDLDFGHDl UD VI
WIFWJN cJLD HIC JNOTcILMD HI KNIVFNGKFGbL D HI KNIVTLFGbL gTLHJHJ VGLD
FTJLHD VI KTIHJ dJVJN IL CJ JLMGO IHJH HIC FTCMDX FDcD NIFDcGILHJ IC HIFNIMD
HI CJ FDLONIOJFGbL KJNJ CJV GLHTCOILFGJV P KJNJ CJV VJONJHJV NICGSTGJV HIC JRD
zu st~vw~zu zx}~ zu ut {trtx utw~s txtszx{p |pqp u~tqst z xp uts
vwt tx wx |zup zs}~|wzs ozz qp}~pu zsz txuzs vwt upx zuzu
mTJLHD VI MNJMI HI kTOJN CJV MNJHGFGDLIV KGJHDVJV VI HIdIN MILIN KNIVILMI
STI CJ OCIVGJ WJ DdNJHD IL IVMD VGIcKNI FDL MJLMJ KNTHILFGJ STI LD KINcGMI
STI IVMJV MNJHGFGDLIV VI KDLOJL KDN IVFNGMD VG LD IV FDL MDHJ FJTMICJ P LD
VGL JLMIV WJFIN CJ HIFCJNJFGbL cJLHJHJ KDN ^ a
PX JTL JFMTJLHD
JVX LD JENcJ CJ eINHJH HIC WIFWDX VI CGcGMJ J LD KNDWGdGN STI VI FNIJ IL nC J
LD VIN STI KJNJ ICCD gJCMIL JNOTcILMDV WTcJLDVl J VJONJHJ FDLONIOJFGbL HI
NGMDV WJFI MNIGLMJ JRDV HIFNIMJdJ uzu zzs~|~pxtu p sttz|~pxtu xp wtspx
x~ zsprz{zu x~ |px{txz{zu ps z t{t pu}~|z vwt upzqtx}t tsq~}t vwt
ut |stz ~z{puzqtx}t tx tzu |px t owqzxz |pxpsqt z z }sz{~|~x {t vwt
pzx |px sqz{z ps }tu}~qpx~pu {p|wqtx}pu zsp~z{pul TGIL VI JMILOJ
J IVMD LJHJ HIdI HI MIcIN KTIV CJ HIeDFGbL J JCOTLJ JKJNGFGbLX IL CD STI
NIVKIFMJ JC WIFWDX CCIeJ GcKCFGMJ CJ FDLHGFGbL HI STI IVI WIFWD VIJ eINHJH
P ILMDLFIV VI CCJcJ stz}~z KIND MJcdGnL VI CCJcJ P IV zrupw}z KDNSTI VI
gTLHJcILMJ IL CJ eINHJH PJ STI VI HGNGOI J CJV KINVDLJV HI CDV QJLMDV STI VI
STGINI WDLNJNl iVMD cGVcD VI WJ HI HIFGN HI CJV NICGSTGJVl
DN CMGcD NIFDcILHJcDV J IVMI FDLVIkD HI ~~zx|~z STI IL LGLOL cDf
cILMD KGINHJ HI eGVMJ J CJV GLVMGMTFGDLIV VDFGJCIV P J CDV IVFNGMDV VDdNI FTIVMGDLIV
VDFGJCIVX KJNJ STI LD VI GLMNDHTFJ IL ICCDV LJHJ HI cDHINLGVcDX VGLD STI VI
JMILOJL J CJV KNIVFNGKFGDLIV HI CDV DLMEFIV DcJLDVl

 Z^ X ?   5p 

= X=^ 

< = 4 l X< 

< = 4 n < = x y  < =

j   l X = l   5p 
@;;

2 2

2 2

n ; < = = =X

<=

8 8 A A:= ;8
JNJ STI LD FJGOJ IL DCeGHD CD STI JST cJLHJcDVX HIVIJcDV P DNHILJcDV
STI MDHDV CDV dGVKDVX IL IC KCJD HI TL JRD HIVKTnV HI KTdCGFJHD IVMI HDFTf
cILMD PX cV JHICJLMIX FJHJ MNIV JRDV cJLHIL TL GLgDNcI HIMJCCJHD P kTNJHD
J CJ QIHI BKDVMbCGFJ JFINFJ HI MDHDV CDV IMNIcDV STI IL IVMJ UTIVMNJ mJNMJ
WJL VGHD HIVJNNDCCJHDV JVGcGVcD CD WJNL JFINFJ HI CJV HDFMNGLJV STI IVMnL
HI JFMTJCGHJH ILMNI IC FCINDX HI cDHD KJNMGFTCJN IL CDV VIcGLJNGDV P IL CDV
HIcV GLVMGMTMDV FJMbCGFDVX GLFCTGHDV CDV STI LD IVMnL VDcIMGHDV J CJ JTMDNGHJH
HIC NHGLJNGDl D cGVcD DNHILJcDV J CDV VTKINGDNIV OILINJCIV HI CJV NHILIV
NICGOGDVJVl

# $% &'( )*

0 - 3 2 45 - 6

ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX WIcDV STINGHD IVFNGdGNDV IVMJV FDVJV KILVJLHD IL

CJ VJCeJFGbL HI MDHDV CDV FNIPILMIVl DV ILIcGODV HI CJ OCIVGJ GLMILMJNL FDL
MDHJ FINMIJ JKNDeIFWJNCJV KJNJ NILDeJN CJ PJ JLMGOTJ FJCTcLGJ STI LDV MJFWJ
HI ILIcGODV HIC VJdIN P HIC KNDONIVD HI CJ WTcJLGHJHl mDL IC EL HI DKDLIN
JCOD LTIeD J IVMJV JFTVJFGDLIVX STI CJ cGVcJ WGVMDNGJ HI CJ NICGOGbL FNGVMGJLJ
NIFWJJ FDL JNOTcILMDV FDLVMJLMIVX UDV KNDKDLIcDV KDLIN IL cJNFWJ FDL
MDHJV UTIVMNJV gTINJV TLJ GLVMGMTFGbL KIFTCGJN IL CJ STIX FDLMJLHD FDL CJ
FDCJdDNJFGbL HI MDHDV CDV FJMbCGFDV gJcDVDV KDN VT VJdGHTNJX VI FTCMGeIL MDHJV
CJV FGILFGJV P MDHJ CJ INTHGFGbL dJkD CJ CT HI CJ eINHJH FJMbCGFJ STI IV OTJ
P cJIVMNJl TGINJ _a[ STI CCIeIcDV J FJdD IVMI KNDKbVGMD FDL CJ JPTHJ HI
MDHDV CDV STI JcJL FDL JcDN VGLFIND J CJ OCIVGJ HI ^_[`a
GILMNJVX ILINJdCIV INcJLDVX HIKDVGMJLHD UTIVMNJ cJPDN FDLEJLJ IL
eTIVMND MNJdJkD P IL eTIVMND IVgTINDX KIHGcDV KJNJ eDVDMNDV FDL MDHJ UTIVMNJ
JCcJ JdTLHJLFGJ HI CT FICIVMGJC KJNJ STI IL cIHGD HI MJLMDV KICGONDV KJNJ CJV
JCcJV J FJTVJ HI CDV INNDNIV STI VI GLECMNJL KDN MDHJV KJNMIVX eIGV FDL FCJNGHJH
CD STI HIdnGV WJFIN P FTcKCGV eTIVMNJ DdCGOJFGbL FDL ILINOJ P gDNMJCIJl TI
DV JVGVMJ YZ[\]^_[`a JTMDN P FDLVTcJHDN HI LTIVMNJ gI STI MJcdGnL DV JVGVMJ
CJ DNJFGbL P IC JTGCGD HI CJ GNOIL LcJFTCJHJX IMINcGLJHDNJ HI MDHJV CJV
WINIkJVl
UDVX FDcD KNILHJ HI UTIVMND JcDN P HIC HGeGLD FDLVTICD IL CJ JHeINVGHJHX
DV HJcDV J eDVDMNDVX JC FCIND P J eTIVMND KTIdCD UTIVMNJ dILHGFGbL JKDVMbCGFJl
JHD IL DcJX kTLMD J QJL IHNDX IC HJ HI VIKMGIcdNI HI X JRD
STGLMD HI UTIVMND DLMGEFJHDl
a JKJ l


 

LM

# $% &'( )*

30 2 - 45 -

BHIcVX FDL IC EL HI NIKNGcGN CDV IVKNGMTV FJHJ HJ cV JTHJFIV HI CDV

cDHINLGVMJV STIX FDL VDEVcJV P JNMGEFGDV HI MDHD OnLINDX VI IcKIRJL IL STGMJN
gTINJ P IEFJFGJ LD VbCD JC HIFNIMD zqtx}zr~~ uzxt t~}w STI IC HI kTCGD
HIC KNIVILMI JRD KTdCGFb KDN cJLHJMD UTIVMND CJ Ql l P l LSTGVGFGbLX VGLD
MJcdGnL J UTIVMNJ FJNMJ ILFFCGFJ zu|tx{~ pq~x~|~ st~u gIFWJHJ IC HI
VIKMGIcdNI HI IVMI cGVcD JRDX KDN UTIVMNJ JTMDNGHJH BKDVMbCGFJ NIGMINJcDV
P FDLENcJcDV MJLMD IC HIFNIMD HI CJ FDLONIOJFGbL HI CJ VJONJHJ VTKNIcJ Lf
STGVGFGbL FDcD HGFWJ FJNMJ ILFFCGFJ UTIVMNJX JRJHGILHD CJ KILJ HI t|pqwx~x
FDLMNJ CDV FDLMNJHGFMDNIV P HIFCJNJcDV P HIFNIMJcDV STI VG JCOTLDX CD STI _a[
LD KINcGMJX CCIOJVI J MJLMJ JTHJFGJ STI HIgILHGINI FTJCSTGINJ HI CJV KNDKDVGf
FGDLIVX DKGLGDLIV P HDFMNGLJV NIKNDdJHJV IL TLD T DMND HI CDV HDFTcILMDV
JNNGdJ HGFWDVX STIHJ ~up z|}p WINGHD KDN CJ FILVTNJ GNNDOJHJ KDN IC FJKMTCD
p|tx}tu HI CJ FDLVMGMTFGbL pu}p~|zt t{~u STI IV CJ KNGcINJ HI CJV IFDf
cTLGDLIV z}zt utx}tx}~zt VILFGCCJcILMI NIVINeJHJV JC DLMEFI DcJLDl iVMJ
IFDcTLGbL WJ HI ILMILHINVI J NIVINeJ HI CJV KILJV IL STI KTIHJL GLFTNNGN
STGILIV gJCMIL FDLMNJ CDV FGMJHDV HDFTcILMDV FDcD KNDKJOJHDNIV P HIgILVDNIV
HI WINIkJV VG JCOTLJ eI VTV KNDKDVGFGDLIVX DKGLGDLIV D HDFMNGLJV VDL WINnMGFJV
FDVJ STI VTFIHI cV HI TLJ eI FDL CDV ILIcGODV HI JcdDV HDFTcILMDV PX VDf
dNI MDHDX FTJLHD KNDKTOLJL CDV INNDNIV HI CDV cDHINLGVMJVX IV HIFGN z stwx~x
{t }p{zu zu otst zul
O



^?

] X ] X5

9



9 {

8 9

@ < =  Y 5 = x \ X = < =

"

B Bi QiU iU Bi

# $% &'( )*

/0 45 - 1

D Ulll JdNJD P JFIKMD ENcIcILMI MDHJV P FJHJ TLJ HI CJV FDVJV STI WJL
VGHD HIELGHJVX JENcJHJV P HIFCJNJHJV KDN IC cJOGVMINGD GLINNJLMI HI CJ OCIVGJX
KNGLFGKJCcILMI JSTICCDV KTLMDV HI HDFMNGLJ STI HGNIFMJcILMI VI DKDLIL J CDV
INNDNIV HI CJ nKDFJ KNIVILMIl
IL KNGcIN CTOJN KNDgIVD STI _a[ KNGLFGKGD P EL HI MDHJV CJV FDVJVX
KTIHI VIN FDLDFGHD FDL FINMIJ PX KDN CD cGVcDX MJcdGnL HIcDVMNJHD FDcD CJ
FJTVJ KDN VTV IgIFMDV KDN CJ CT LJMTNJC HI CJ NJbL cIHGJLMI CJV FDVJV STI WJL
VGHD WIFWJVX IV HIFGNX KDN CJV DdNJV ~u~rtu HI CJ FNIJFGbLl
iL VIOTLHD CTOJN JHcGMD P NIFDLDFD FDcD VGOLDV FINMVGcDV HIC DNGOIL
HGeGLD HI CJ NICGOGbL FNGVMGJLJ CDV JNOTcILMDV IMINLDV HI CJ NIeICJFGbLX IVMD
IVX WIFWDV HGeGLDV P IL KNGcIN MnNcGLD CDV cGCJONDV P CJV KNDgIFJV P VDVMILOD
STI VDL VDdNIcJLINJ JFDcDHJHDV J CJ GLMICGOILFGJ HI MDHJV CJV nKDFJV P HI CDV
WDcdNIVX JL CDV HI IVMI MGIcKDl
iL MINFIN CTOJN FNID GOTJCcILMI FDL gI ENcI STI CJ OCIVGJX OTJNHGJLJ P
cJIVMNJ HI CJ KJCJdNJ NIeICJHJX gTI KNbGcJ P HGNIFMJcILMI GLVMGMTGHJ KDN IC
cGVcD eINHJHIND I WGVMbNGFD ^_[`a cGILMNJV eGeJ ILMNI LDVDMNDV P STI gTI
IHGEFJHJ VDdNI Z ^a KNLFGKI HI CJ kINJNSTJ JKDVMbCGFJX P VTV VTFIVDNIV KJNJ
VGIcKNIl
mTJNMDX JFIKMD VGLFINJcILMI CJ HDFMNGLJ HI CJ gI MNJLVcGMGHJ WJVMJ LDVDMNDV
HIVHI CDV BKbVMDCIV KDN cIHGD HI CDV JHNIV DNMDHDDV VGIcKNI IL IC cGVcD
VILMGHD P IL CJ cGVcJ VILMILFGJ PX KDN CD MJLMDX HI MDHD KTLMD NIFWJD CJ
GLeILFGbL WINnMGFJ HI CJ IeDCTFGbL HI CDV HDOcJV STI KJVJNJL HI TL VILMGHD
J DMND HGeINVD HIC STI KNGcIND cJLMTeD CJ OCIVGJl OTJCcILMI FDLHILD MDHD
INNDN KDN IC STI JC HIKbVGMD HGeGLDX ILMNIOJHD J CJ iVKDVJ HI ^_[`a P STI
KDN ICCJ WJ HI VIN EICcILMI FTVMDHGJHDX VTVMGMTPI TL GLeILMD ECDVbEFD D TLJ
FNIJFGbL HI CJ FDLFGILFGJ WTcJLJ CILMJcILMI gDNcJHJ KDN IC IVgTIND HI CDV
WDcdNIV P STI IL JHICJLMI WJ HI KINgIFFGDLJNVI KDN KNDONIVD GLHIELGHDl


TGLMDX VDVMILOD FDL MDHJ FINMIJ P VGLFINJcILMI KNDgIVD STI CJ gI LD IV TL
VILMGcGILMD FGIOD HI CJ NICGOGbL STI dNDMJ HI CDV IVFDLHNGkDV HI CJ uwr|pxu|~tx|~z
dJkD KNIVGbL HIC FDNJbL P CJ GLFCGLJFGbL HI CJ eDCTLMJH gDNcJHJ cDNJCcILMIX
VGLD TL eINHJHIND JVILMGcGILMD HIC ILMILHGcGILMD J CJ eINHJH NIFGdGHJ KDN
gTINJ ps p{p KDN IC STI FNIIcDV VIN eINHJHINJV CJV FDVJV STI WJL VGHD HGFWJVX
JMIVMGOTJHJV P NIeICJHJV KDN IC _a[ KINVDLJCX FNIJHDN P QIRDN LTIVMNDX P CD
FNIIcDV KDN CJ JTMDNGHJH HI _a[ VTcJcILMI eINJl
JcdGnL cI VDcIMD FDL CJ HIdGHJ NIeINILFGJ P HI MDHD FDNJbL cI JHWGIND
J CJV FDLHILJFGDLIVX HIFCJNJFGDLIV P KNIVFNGKFGDLIV MDHJV STI VI FDLMGILIL IL
CJ FJNMJ ILFFCGFJ zu|tx{~ P IL IC IFNIMD zqtx}zr~~ KJNMGFTCJNcILMI IL CD
NICJMGeD J CJ STI CCJcJL WGVMDNGJ HI CDV HDOcJVl
BVGcGVcD NIKNTIdD IC INNDN HI CDV STI JENcJL STI CJ gI KNDKTIVMJ KDN CJ
OCIVGJ KTIHI NIKTOLJN J CJ WGVMDNGJ P STI CDV HDOcJV FJMbCGFDVX IL IC VILMGHD
IL STI JWDNJ VDL ILMILHGHDVX LD KTIHIL FDLFGCGJNVI FDL CDV JTMnLMGFDV DNOILIV
HI CJ NICGOGbL FNGVMGJLJl mDLHILD P NIFWJD MJcdGnL CJ VILMILFGJ HI JSTICCDV
STI HGFIL STI IC FNGVMGJLD INTHGMD VI NIeGVMI HI HDdCI KINVDLJCGHJHX TLJ HI
FNIPILMI P DMNJ HI WGVMDNGJHDNX FDcD VG gTINJ CFGMD JC WGVMDNGJHDN VDVMILIN CD
STI FDLMNJHGFI J CJ gI HIC FNIPILMI D VILMJN KNIcGVJV HI CJV STI VI VGOJ STI CDV
HDOcJV VDL gJCVDV P HTHDVDV FDL MJC HI STI nVMDV LD VI LGIOTIL HGNIFMJcILMIl
IKNTIdD GOTJCcILMI IC cnMDHD HI kTOJN I GLMINKNIMJN CJ QJONJHJ iVFNGMTNJ
STIX VGL MILIN IL FTILMJ CJ NJHGFGbL HI CJ OCIVGJX CJ JLJCDOJ HI CJ gI P CJV
LDNcJV HI CJ QIHI BKDVMbCGFJX VGOTI CDV HICGNGDV HI CDV sz|~pxz~u}zu P JdNJJX
LD cILDV CGdNI STI MIcINJNGJcILMIX CJ FNMGFJ HIC MIMD FDcD NIOCJ LGFJ P
VTKNIcJl
IFWJD JHIcV CJ VILMILFGJ HI JSTICCDV STI VDVMGILIL STI STGIL ILVIRJ CJ
WGVMDNGJ HI CJ MIDCDOJ D IVFNGdI VDdNI IVJV cJMINGJV MGILI STI HIkJN JLMIV J TL
CJHD CJ DKGLGbL KNIFDLFIdGHJX DNJ VDdNI IC DNGOIL VDdNILJMTNJC HI CJ NJHGFGbL
FJMbCGFJX DNJ VDdNI CJ KNDcIVJ HGeGLJ HI TLJ JPTHJ KJNJ CJ FDLVINeJFGbL KINILLI
HI FJHJ TLJ HI CJV eINHJHIV NIeICJHJV P STIX JHIcVX CDV IVFNGMDV HI FJHJ
TLD HI CDV JHNIV WJL HI GLMINKNIMJNVI KDN CDV VDCDV KNGLFGKGDV HI CJ FGILFGJX
IFCTGHJ MDHJ JTMDNGHJH VJONJHJ P FDL JSTICCJ CGdINMJH HI kTGFGD FDL STI VTICIL
GLeIVMGOJNVI FTJCIVSTGINJ cDLTcILMDV KNDgJLDVl
I GOTJC cJLINJ ELJCcILMI cI KNDgIVD MDMJCcILMI JkILD JC INNDN KDN IC STI
CDV qp{tsx~u}zu VDVMGILIL STI IL CJ VJONJHJ NJHGFGbL LD WJP LJHJ HGeGLD DX
CD STI IV cTFWD KIDNX CD JHcGMIL IL VILMGHD KJLMIVMGFD HI VTINMI STI PJ LD
STIHI VGLD IC WIFWD IVFTIMD P VILFGCCD STI WJ HI KDLINVI JC LGeIC HI CDV WIFWDV
FDcTLIV HI CJ WGVMDNGJX J VJdINX TLDV WDcdNIV STI KDN VT GLHTVMNGJX GLOILGD P
HGCGOILFGJ FDLMGLJL IL CJV IHJHIV VGOTGILMIV CJ IVFTICJ FDcILJHJ KDN s~u}p
P VTV BKbVMDCIVl
DN MJLMDX cJLMILOD ENcVGcJcILMI CJ gI HI CDV JHNIV P CJ cJLMILHNn
WJVMJ IC KDVMNIN JCGILMD HI cG eGHJ VDdNI IC FJNGVcJ |~ts}p {t z ts{z{ STI


IVMX IVMTeD P IVMJN VGIcKNI tx z uw|tu~x {t t~u|pz{p {tu{t pu u}ptu
LD KJNJ STI VI cJLMILOJ CD STI cIkDN P cV JKMD KTIHJ KJNIFIN FDLgDNcI J
CJ FTCMTNJ HI FJHJ nKDFJX VGLD KJNJ STI xwx|z ut |stz {t p}sp qp{p xwx|z
{t p}sp qp{p ut tx}~tx{z CJ eINHJH JdVDCTMJ I GLcTMJdCI KNIHGFJHJ HIVHI IC
KNGLFGKGD KDN CDV BKbVMDCIVl
DHD IVMD KNDcIMD STI CD WI HI OTJNHJN LMIONJ P VGLFINJcILMI P FTVMDf
HGJN GLeGDCJdCIcILMIX VGL JKJNMJNcI LTLFJ HI ICCD LG ILVIRJLHD HI DMND cDHD
FTJCSTGINJ HI KJCJdNJ D KDN IVFNGMDl BV CD KNDcIMDX JV CD kTNDX JV cI JPTHI
_a[l
S



+ ,t ,. |



x ^?

] X ] X5

6

45\ X  A

98



  ] 3^ ? 4 
8

nw

< = Z = ] ^ 5= x \ X= < =

- 1 43

- /

  
 




l l NIcdTCDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l" l JbL HI IVMJ iLFFCGFJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l


     
         


" l l DV cDHINLGVMJV ECbVDgDVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

" l l l iC JOLDVMGFGVcDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l" l J GLcJLILFGJ eGMJCl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l J NICGOGbL IL OILINJCl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l ll J NIeICJFGbLl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l ll D GLFDOLDVFGdCIl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l iC JFMD HI gIl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l ll iC HDOcJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l" " l DV cDHINLGVMJV FNIPILMIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l" l l J IKINGILFGJ NICGOGDVJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l" l" l J MNJHGFGbLl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l" l l J gI P CJ FGILFGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l" ll J FDLHTFMJ HI CDV cDHINLGVMJVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l DV cDHINLGVMJV MIbCDODVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l J GLcJLILFGJ P IC VGcdDCGVcDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l" l J KINcJLILFGJ HGeGLJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l iC HDOcJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l ll iC FTCMDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l ll DV GdNDV VJONJHDVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l J OCIVGJ IL V cGVcJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l ll J OCIVGJ P DMNJV VDFGIHJHIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l iC JOGVMINGD HI CJ OCIVGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l J IeDCTFGbL HI CJ gIl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l J FDLFGILFGJ HI CDV cDHINLGVMJVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l iNNDNIV PJ JLMGOTDVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

















"




"
""
""
"
"
"
"
"
"

DV cDHINLGVMJV WGVMDNGJHDNIV P CDV FNMGFDVl l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll l NIkTGFGDV ECDVbEFDfWGVMbNGFDVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll" l NIkTGFGDV WGVMbNGFDfFNMGFDVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l "
" ll l DV JTMDNIV HI CJ WGVMDNGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" lll iC cnMDHD WGVMbNGFDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
DV cDHINLGVMJV JKDCDOGVMJVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll l J JKDCDOJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll" l J cILMGNJ DEFGDVJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll l DLDN J CJ FDLMNJHGFFGbLl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" lll J GLcJLILFGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" lll JFGJ CJ WINIkJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
DV cDHINLGVMJV NIgDNcJHDNIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" l l l BgL HI LDeIHJHIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
mDcKILHGD HI WINIkJVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll l iC JOLDVMGFGVcDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll" l iC VILMGcGILMD P CJ IKINGILFGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
" ll l iC VGcdDCGVcDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l "
" lll iC KJLMIGVcDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l "
" lll iC JMIGVcDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l "
a

" ll

" ll

" l l
" ll


           
 

l l
l" l
l l
ll


iC INNDN HI CJ GLMICGOILFGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
J VDdINdGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
J GOLDNJLFGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
J KNDKJOJFGbLl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ll l mDLMNJ CJ NJHGFGbLl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ll" l mDLMNJ CDV QJLMDV JHNIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ll l mDLMNJ IC JOGVMINGD iFCIVGVMGFDl l l l l l l l l l l l l l
lll mDLMNJ CDV FJMbCGFDV JTMnLMGFDVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
lll MNJV MFMGFJVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l



     

l l
l"l
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
l l


J ECDVDgJ IVFDCVMGFJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
J MIDCDOJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
JV FGILFGJV KNDgJLJVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
DV VTKINGDNIV P KNDgIVDNIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
JV KTdCGFJFGDLIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
DV FILVDNIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
JV JVJcdCIJV P FDLONIVDVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
DV FDLVIkDV HI eGOGCJLFGJl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
DV GLgDNcIVl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l



"





   
 




     
   ! " !# !# $!


% &
    &