JawaharlalNehruEngineeringCollege

LaboratoryManual
MobileComputing
For
FinalYearStudents
LabManualMadeBy
Ms.A.R.Salunke
AuthorJNEC,Aurangabad
FOREWORD
ItismygreatpleasuretopresentthislaboratorymanualforFinalyearengineering
studentsforthesubjectof MobileComputing keepinginviewthevastcoveragerequiredfor
visualizationofconceptsofbasicMobilecomputing.
Asastudent,manyofyoumaybewonderingwithsomeofthequestionsinyourmind
regardingthesubjectandexactlythathasbeentriedtoanswerthroughthismanual.
Faculty members are also advised that covering these aspects in initial stage itself,
willgreatlyrelievetheminfuture,asmuchoftheloadwillbetakencarebytheenthusiastic
energiesofthestudents,oncetheyareconceptuallyclear.
H.O.D.
LABORATORYMANUALCONTENTS
This manual is intended for the Final year students of Electronics &
telecommunication and Industrial Electronics Branch in the subject of Mobile Computing.
ThismanualtypicallycontainsPractical/LabSessionsrelatedtoMobileComputingcovering
variousaspectsrelatedtothesubjecttoenhanceunderstandingofthesubject.
Students are advised to thoroughly go through this manual rather than only topics
mentioned in the syllabus, as practical aspects are the key to understanding conceptual
visualizationoftheoreticalaspectscoveredinthebooks.
GoodLuckforyourEnjoyableLaboratorySessions
Ms.A.R.Salunke
Author
SUBJECTINDEX
1.DosandDonts
2.Labexercise:
1.Studyof GSMarchitectureandsignallingtechniques.
2.Studyof Cellularsystemandrelatedconcepts.
3.Studyof GPRSservices.
4.Studyof WAParchitecture.
5.DesignawebpageusingWML.
6.Studyof Bluetootharchitecture.
7.Studyof IEEE802.11networktopology.
8.Studyof Distributedmobilecomputing.
3. Quizonthesubject
4. ConductionVivaVoceExamination
5. EvaluationandMarkingSystems
DosandDontsinLaboratory:
1.DonotPoweronanyPCwithoutinstruction.
2.Strictlyobservetheinstructionsgivenbytheteacher/LabInstructor
InstructionforLaboratory Teachers:
1. Submission related to whatever lab work has been completed should be done during the
nextlabsession.
2. The promptness of submission should be encouraged by way of marking and evaluation
patternsthatwillbenefitthesincerestudents.
EXPERIMENTNO.1
Aim: StudyofGSMarchitectureandsignallingtechniques.
Theory: GSM(GlobalSystem for MobileCommunications:originallyfromGroupeSpcialMobile)
is the most popular standardfor mobile telephonysystems in the world. GSMis a cellular network,
which meansthatmobilephones connecttoitby searching for cellsintheimmediate vicinity.There
are five different cell sizes in a GSM networkmacro, micro, pico, femto and umbrella cells. The
coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. Macro cells can be
regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a building above average
roof top level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average roof top level they are
typically used in urban areas. Picocells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen
metres they are mainly used indoors. Femtocells are cells designed for use in residential or small
business environments and connect to the service providers network via a broadband internet
connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in
coveragebetweenthosecells.
BlockDiagram:
Questions:
1. ExplainarchitectureofGSM?
2. Explain SS7.
Conclusion: InthiswaywehavestudiedGSMarchitectureandsignallingtechniques..
EXPERIMENTNO.2
Aim:StudyofCellularsystemandrelatedconcepts.
Theory:Acellularnetworkisaradionetworkdistributedoverlandareascalledcells,
eachservedbyatleastonefixedlocation transceiverknownasacellsiteor basestation.
Whenjoinedtogetherthesecellsprovideradiocoverageoverawidegeographicarea.This
enablesalargenumberofportabletransceivers(e.g.,mobilephones,pagers,etc.)to
communicatewitheachotherandwithfixedtransceiversandtelephonesanywhereinthe
network,viabasestations,evenifsomeofthetransceiversaremovingthroughmorethan
onecellduringtransmission.
Cellularnetworksofferanumberofadvantagesoveralternativesolutions:
increasedcapacity
reducedpoweruse
largercoveragearea
reducedinterferencefromothersignals
Que.Explain Cellularsystemwithblockdiagram.
Que.Explain relatedconceptsofcellularsystem.
Conclusion: ThuswehavestudiedCellularsystemandrelatedconcepts.
Fig.HexagonalCells
EXPERIMENTNO.3
Aim:StudyofGPRSservices.
Theory:Servicesoffered
GPRSextendstheGSMcircuitswitcheddatacapabilitiesandmakesthefollowingservices
possible:
"Alwayson"internetaccess
Multimediamessagingservice (MMS)
Pushtotalkovercellular(PoC/PTT)
Instantmessaging andpresencewirelessvillage
Internetapplicationsforsmartdevicesthroughwirelessapplicationprotocol(WAP)
Pointtopoint(P2P)service:internetworkingwiththeInternet(IP)
IfSMSoverGPRSisused,anSMStransmissionspeedofabout30SMSmessagesper
minutemaybeachieved.ThisismuchfasterthanusingtheordinarySMSoverGSM,whose
SMStransmissionspeedisabout6to10SMSmessagesperminute.
Protocolssupported
GPRSsupportsthefollowingprotocols:
internetprotocol(IP).Inpractice,mobilebuiltinbrowsersuse IPv4 since IPv6isnotyet
popular.
pointtopointprotocol(PPP).InthismodePPPisoftennotsupportedbythemobilephone
operatorbutifthemobileisusedasamodemtotheconnectedcomputer,PPPisusedto
tunnelIPtothephone.ThisallowsanIPaddresstobeassigneddynamicallytothemobile
equipment.
X.25connections.Thisistypicallyusedforapplicationslikewirelesspaymentterminals,
althoughithasbeenremovedfromthestandard.X.25canstillbesupportedoverPPP,oreven
overIP,butdoingthisrequireseitheranetworkbased routertoperformencapsulationor
intelligencebuiltintotheenddevice/terminale.g.,userequipment(UE).
When TCP/IPisused,eachphonecanhaveoneormore IPaddressesallocated.GPRSwill
storeandforwardtheIPpacketstothephoneevenduringhandover.TheTCPhandlesany
packetloss(e.g.duetoaradionoiseinducedpause).
Que.ExplainGPRSservicesindetail.
Conclusion:Inthiswaywehave StudiedGPRSservices.
EXPERIMENTNO.4
Aim: StudyofWAParchitecture.
Theory: WirelessApplicationProtocol (WAP)isan open international standardfor
applicationlayernetworkcommunicationsinawirelesscommunication environment.Most
useofWAPinvolvesaccessingthemobilewebfroma mobilephoneorfroma PDA.
AWAPbrowserisacommonlyusedwebbrowserforsmallmobiledevicessuchascell
phonesor PDAs,developedtoallowarealisticbrowsingexperiencetousers.Giventhen,the
inherentphysicalandtechnicallimitationsofthesedevicessuchassizeanddatatransfer
speeds, newcodewascreated,andtheWAPbrowseraccesseswebsiteswrittenin,or
dynamicallyconvertedto,WML (WirelessMarkupLanguage).
BeforetheintroductionofWAP,serviceprovidershadextremelylimitedopportunitiesto
offerinteractivedataservices,butneededinteractivitytosupportnowcommonplace
activitiessuchas:
Email bymobilephone
Trackingofstockmarketprices
Sportsresults
Newsheadlines
Musicdownloads
WAParchitecture:
++
|WirelessApplicationEnvironment(WAE)|
++ \
|WirelessSessionProtocol(WSP)||
++|
|WirelessTransactionProtocol(WTP)||WAP
++|protocol
|WirelessTransportLayerSecurity(WTLS)||suite
++|
|WirelessDatagramProtocol(WDP) ||
++/
|***AnyWirelessDataNetwork***|
++
Que: ExplaindifferentprotocolsofWAP.
Conclusion: Thuswehavestudied WAParchitecture.
EXPERIMENTNO.5
Aim:DesignawebpageusingWML
Theory: Wireless Markup Language, based on XML, is a markup language intended for
devices that implement the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) specification, such as
mobilephones,andprecededtheuseofothermarkuplanguages nowusedwithWAP,such
as HTML/XHTML (which are gaining in popularity as processingpower in mobile devices
increases).
Forexample,thefollowingWMLpagecouldbesavedas"example.wml":
<?xmlversion="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPEwmlPUBLIC"//WAPFORUM//DTDWML1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<cardid="main" title="FirstCard">
<pmode="wrap">ThisisasampleWMLpage.</p>
</card>
</wml>
Wireless Markup Language is a lot like HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) in that it
providesnavigationalsupport,datainput,hyperlinks,textandimagepresentation,andforms.
A WML document is known as a deck. Data in the deck is structured into one or more
cards(pages)eachofwhichrepresentsasingleinteractionwiththeuser.Theintroduction
oftheterms "deck" and"card" intothe internetandmobile phonecommunitieswasaresult
of the user interface software and its interaction with wireless communications services
havingtocomplywiththerequirementsofthelawsoftwoormorenations.
Que.Designwebpageusing WML.
Conclusion: InthiswaywehavedesignedwebpageusingWMLlanguage.
EXPERIMENTNO.6
Aim:StudyofBluetootharchitecture
Theory: Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short
distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices,
creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecoms
vendorEricssonin1994,itwasoriginallyconceivedasawirelessalternativetoRS232data
cables.Itcanconnectseveraldevices,overcomingproblemsofsynchronization.Bluetoothis
ashortrangewirelessnetworkoriginallyintendedtoreplacethecable(s)connectingportable
and/or fixed electronic devices. Such a network is also sometimes called a PAN (Personal
AreaNetwork) BluetoothissupposedtogotitsnamefromHaraldBluetoothII,Kingof
Denmark940981
The concept was first patented by Ericsson. Currently the Bluetooth trade mark is
ownedbytheBluetoothSIG,aconsortiumofcompanieshavingstakeinBluetooth
Keyfeaturesarerobustness,lowpower,andlowcost.
ProtocolArchitecture:
Que:Explaintheworkingof Bluetootharchitecture.
Conclusion: ThuswehavestudiedBluetootharchitecture
EXPERIMENTNO.7
Aim: StudyofIEEE802.11networktopology
Theory:IEEE802.11 isasetofstandardscarryingoutwirelesslocalarea network (WLAN)
computercommunicationinthe2.4,3.6and5 GHzfrequencybands.Theyarecreatedand
maintainedbythe IEEE LAN/MANStandardsCommittee(IEEE802).
Que. Explainoperation Adhocnetworkandinfrastructurenetwork.
Conclusion: ThuswehavestudiedIEEE802.11networktopology.
EXPERIMENTNO.8
Aim: StudyofDistributedmobilecomputing.
Theory: Parallel computing is a form of computation in which many calculations are
carriedoutsimultaneouslyoperatingontheprinciplethatlargeproblemscanoftenbedivided
into smaller ones, which are then solved concurrently ("in parallel"). There are several
different forms ofparallel computing: bitlevel, instruction level, data, and task parallelism.
Parallelism has been employed for many years, mainly inhighperformance computing, but
interestinithasgrownlatelyduetothephysicalconstraintspreventing frequencyscaling.As
power consumption(andconsequently heat generation)bycomputershasbecomeaconcern
in recent years, parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer
architecture,mainlyintheformof multicoreprocessors.
Parallelcomputerscanberoughlyclassifiedaccordingtothelevelatwhich thehardware
supportsparallelismwith multicore andmultiprocessorcomputershavingmultiple
processingelementswithinasinglemachine,whileclusters,MPPs,andgrids usemultiple
computerstoworkonthesametask.Specializedparallelcomputerarchitecturesare
sometimesusedalongsidetraditionalprocessors,foracceleratingspecifictasks.
Que:Explain MobileOS.
Conclusion:Thuswehavestudied StudyofDistributedmobilecomputing.