100 Hệ Phương Trình Ôn Thi Đại Học Crack

H Vn Din THPT Thi Lo Ti liu v h phng trnh Trang 1
H PHNG TRNH (Phn I)

1.
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2
2
x y
y x xy
x y
= +
+ =
2.
( ) ( )
2 2
ln 1 ln 1
12 20 0
x y x y
x xy y
+ + =
+ =

3.
3 3 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
6 3 9 2 0
1 1
log log 2 0
4 5
2 4 3
x y y x y
x x
y y
y y
+ + =
+
+ + =
+
+
4.
2 1
2 1
2 2 3 1
2 2 3 1
y
x
x x x
y y y
+ + = +
+ + = +

5.
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
3 2
1
1
3log 2 6 2log 2 1
y x
x
e
y
x y x y
+
=
+ + = + + +
6.
2
8
16
y x
x y
x y
x y x y
+ + =
+ =

7.
3
2 2
1 5
4 4 12
x y x y
x xy y xy
+ + + + =
+ + + + + =
8.
( ) ( )
2 3 4 6
2
2 2
2 1 1
x y y x x
x y x
+ = +
+ + = +

9.
2
3
2 3
1 6 1
1 6 1
x y y
y x x
+ + =
+ + =
10.
4 2
2 2
698
81
3 4 4 0
x y
x y xy x y
+ =
+ + + =

11.
( )
( )
3
3
2 3 1
2 3
x y
x y
+ =
12.
( )
( )
2 1 2 2 1
3 2
1 4 .5 1 2
4 1 ln 2 0
x y x y x y
y x y x
+ +
+ = +
+ + + + =

13.
7 2 5
2 2
x y x y
x y x y
+ + + =
+ + =
14.
2 2
3 2 16
2 4 33
xy x y
x y x y
=
+ =

15.
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 5 4 6 2 0
1
2 3
2
x y x y x y
x y
x y
+ + =
+ + =
16.
2 2
2 2
3 4 1
3 2 9 8 3
x y x y
x y x y
+ + =

17.
8
5
x x x y y y
x y
= +
18.
2 2
5
5 2
2
2
x xy y
y x
x y xy
+ =

19.
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 3
10
y x y x
x x y y
+ =
20.
6 5
6 2
9
x x y
x y x
x y xy
+
+ =
+ =

21.

3 3
4 2
5 5
1
x y y x
x y
+ = +
+ =
22.
2 4
4
32 3
32 6 24
x x y
x x y
+ =
+ + =

23.
( )( )
2 2
2
1 1 3 4 1
1
x y x y x x
xy x x
+ + + = +
+ + =
24.
2 2
2 2 2
6
1 5
y xy x
x y x
+ =
+ =

25.
( )( )
2
2 2
5 4 4
5 4 16 8 16 0
y x x
y x xy x y
= +
+ + =
26.
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 4
1 2
x y x y y
x x y y
+ + + =
+ + =

27.
( )( )
3 3
2 2
2 9 2 3
3
x y x y xy
x xy y
= +
+ =
28.
( )
( )
2 2
2
3
4 4 7
1
2 3
xy y x
x y
x
x y
+ + + =
+ =

29.
5
2 3 4
42
5
3 2
42
y
y x
x
y x
| |
=
|
+
\ .
| |
=
|
+
\ .
30.
2
3 2
2
2
3
2
2 9
2
2 9
xy
x x y
x x
xy
y y x
y y
+ = +
+ = +

31.
3
3
3 4
2 6 2
y x x
x y y
= + +
32. 2
2 1
2
log 3log 2
x y
x y e e
x y
+ =

33.
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
1 2
1 2
x x x y
y y y x
+ = +
+ = +
34.
( )( )
2 2
2
1 1 1
35
0
12
1
x x y y
y
y
x
+ + + + =
+ + =

35.
( )
2
4 2
3 9
4 2 3 48 48 155 0
x y
y x y y x
+ =
+ + =
36.
2 2
5 3
1
125 125 6 15 0
x y
y y
+ =
+ =

37.
3 2
3 2
2000 0
500 0
x xy y
y yx x
+ =
38.
2 2 2
2 3
2 0
2 4 3 0
x y x y
x x y
+ =
+ + =

39.
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2
9
xy
x y
x x y y
+ =
+
+ +
+ =
40.
( )
( )
3
3 2 2 2 1 0
2 2 2 1 1
x x y y
x y

41.
3 3
2 2
9
2 4 0
x y
x y x y
+ + =
42.
( )
3 3
2 2
8 2
3 3 1
x x y y
x y
= +
= +

43.
2 2
2
2 3 4 9
7 6 2 9
x y xy x y
y x x
+ = +
+ = +
44.
4 3 2 2
3 2
1
1
x x y x y
x y x xy
+ =
+ =

45.
4 2 2
2 2
4 6 9 0
2 22 0
x x y y
x y x y
+ + =
+ + =
46.
3 3 3
2 2
8 27 18
4 6
x y y
x y x y
+ =
+ =

47.
2 2
2 2
3
1 1 4
x y xy
x y
+ =
+ + + =
48.
( )
2 1
1
x y x y
x y
e e x
e x y
+
+
+ = +
= +

49.
( )
1 2
2
1 4 .5 1 3
1
3 1 2
x y x y x y
x y y y
x
+ +
+ = +
50.
2 6 2
2 3 2
x
y x y
y
x x y x y
+ =
+ = +

51.
2
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
x x
y
y y x y
+ =
52.
2 2
2 2
12
12
y x y
x y x y
+ + =

53.
2
5 3
x y x y y
x y
+ + =
+ =
54.
( )
2 2
2
2
1 4
2 7 2
x y xy y
y x y x y
+ + + =
+ = + +

55.
2 2
3 3
2 1
2 2
y x
x y y x
56.
2
2
2
2
x x y
y y x
+ =
+ =

57.
( )
( )
2
2 2
4 1 3 5 2 0
4 2 3 4 7
x x y y
x y x
+ + =
+ + =
58.
2 2
2
2 3 4 9
7 6 2 9
x y xy x y
y x x
+ = +
+ = +

59.
3 3 2
4 4
8 4 1
2 8 2 0
x y xy
x y x y
+ =
+ =
60.
2 2
3 3 3
6
1 19
y xy x
x y x
+ =
+ =

61.
( ) ( )
3
2 2 1 2 1 2 3 2
4 2 2 4 6
x x y y
x y
+ + + =
+ + + =
62.
2 2
2
1
2
1
x y xy y
y
x y
x
+ + + =
+ =
+

63.
( )
4 3 3 2 2
2 2
9 9
7
x x y y y x x y x
x y x
+ + = + +
64.
3 3
2 2
35
2 3 4 9
x y
x y x y
+ =

65.

( )
2 2
1 2
2
1 1 3 3
y x
x y
x
y x x
+ = +
+ = +
66.
12
1 2
3
12
1 6
3
x
y x
y
y x
| |
=
|
+
\ .
| |
+ =
|
+
\ .

67.
2 2
2 2
3
3
3
0
x y
x
x y
y x
y
x y
+
+ =
68.
4 2 4
3 3
4 2 5
2 2
xy x
x y
x x
y x
+
+ =

69.

( )
11 10 22 12
4 4 2
3
6 3 2 2 . 5 2 8
x xy y y
y x y x x x
+ = +
+ + = + +
70.
( )
2 2
2
1
5
57
4 3 3 1
25
x y
x x y x
+ =
+ = +

71.
2 4
4
2 2 6 2 2
2 2 6 2 2 8 2
x x y
x x y
+ =
+ + = +
72.
2 2 2
2 3
2 0
2 4 3 0
x y x y
x x y
+ =
+ + =

73.
( )
( )
4 4
3 3 2 2
240
2 3 4 4 8
x y
x y x y x y
74.

3 3 2
2
3 4 2
1 2 1
y y x x x
x y y
+ = + + +

75.
( )
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
2 2 1 1
4 1 ln 2 0
x x y x y
y x y x
+ = +
+ + + + =
76.
3 2 2
2 3
3
2 2
2 2 1 14 2
x y x y xy
x y y x
+ = +
+ =

77.
( )( )
2 2
1 1 1
1 1 2
x y y x
x y
+ =
+ =
78.
4 3 2 2
2
2 2 9
2 6 6
x x y x y x
x xy x
+ + = +
+ = +

79.
( )( )
2 2
2 2
7
2 1 2 1
2
7 6 14 0
xy
x y
x y xy x y
+ + + =
80.
2
cos cos
3 18 0
x y x y
x y y
=

81.
2 2
4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
18
208
x y y xy x xy
x y y x y x x y
+ + + =
+ + + =
82.
1
2 1
xy y y
xy y y
+ =

83.
3 2
3 2
4 3 7
6 7
x xy y
y x y
+ =
+ =
84.
3 2
2 2
3 49
8 8 17
x xy
x xy y x y
+ =
+ =

85.
3 2
2 2
2 12 0
8 12
x xy y
y x
+ + =
+ =
86.
3 2
2
3 6 0
3
y y x x y
x xy
+ + =
+ =

87.
3 3 2
4 4
1
4 4
x y xy
x y x y
+ =
+ = +
88.
3 3 3
2 2
27 125 9
45 75 6
x y y
x y x y
+ =
+ =

89.
4 4
3 2 2
2
2 2
x y
x x x y
+ =
+ =
90.
2
4 2 2 2
2 0
4 3 0
x xy x y
x x y x y
+ + =
+ + =

91.
2 2 2 2
2 3
2 5 3 4 5 3
x y x xy y
x y
x xy x xy x
+ + +
+ = +
+ + =
92.
2 2
2
2
1
xy
x y
x y
x y x y
+ + =
+ =

93.
( )
2
5 3 2 4 3
1
5 4 0
xy y xy y
y xy
x
+ = +
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
94.
( )
2 3 2
4 2
5
4
5
1 2
4
x y x y xy xy
x y xy x
+ + + + =
+ + + =

95.
( )
2
3 1
8 9
y x y
x y x y
+ =
+ =
96.
( )
( )
( )
2 2 3
2
2 2
5 4 3 2 0
2
x y xy y x y
xy x y x y
+ + =
+ + = +

97.
( ) ( )
9 2
4 2 4 2 41
x y x y
x x y y y
= +
+ + + =
98.
( )
2
2
2 2
4 3 1 3 2
x y x x y y y
x y x y
+ + + = +
+ + = +

99.
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 1 3
1 2 3 0
x x y y y
x x y x y
+ =
+ + =
100.
2 2 2
7 1
10 1
xy x y
x y y
= + +

CC BI GII
Bi 1. Ta c:

( )( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
x y
x y
x y
y x xy
y x xy x y
x y
+ =
= +

= + +
+ =

2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
2 2
2 2 2 2
x y x y
x y x y
y x x y

+ = + =

= + = +

Xt hm s ( )
3
2
t
f t t = + trn . Ta c: ( )
2
' 2 .ln2 3 0
t
f t t t = + > e nn
( )
f t l hm
ng bin trn . Vy
3 3
2 2
x y
x y x y + = + = .
Lc ny, h tr thnh:
2 2
1
1
2
x y
x y
x y
x y
=
= =

= =
+ =

Vy h c cc nghim l ( ) ( ) ( )
; 1;1 , 1; 1 x y =
Bi 2: iu kin , 1 x y > . Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 10 0 ln 1 ln 1
ln 1 ln 1
12 20 0
x y x y x y x y
x y x y
x xy y
= + + =

+ + =
+ =

( ) ( )
2 10
ln 1 ln 1
x y x y
x x y y
= v =

+ = +

D thy rng , x y cng du. Xt hm s
( ) ( )
ln 1 f t t t = + trn
| )
1; + .
o hm:
( )
1
' 1
1 1
t
f t
t t
= =
+ +
. Ta c:
( )
' 0 0 f t t = = . Vy hm s ng bin trn
( )
1;0 v nghch bin trn
( )
0;+ .
+) Nu , x y cng m (tc l cng thuc
( )
1;0 ) th theo tnh cht ca hm s
( )
f t , ta c:
x y = . Thay vo h gii c nghim 0 x y = = (loi).
+) Nu , x y cng dng, tng t ta cng loi nt.
+) 0 x y = = tho mn h.
Vy nghim ca h l ( ) ( )
; 0;0 x y =
Bi 3: Nhn xt: Chc chn khng th s dng php th hay nh gi. Nhn thy phng trnh
th nht ca h cha cc hm ring bit vi , x y (cha
3
, x x v
3 2
, , y y y m khng cha xy )
nn ta c th a phng trnh th nht v cng mt hm s ri s dng o hm gii.
iu kin
| | | |
1;1 , 1;3 x y e e . T suy ra:
( ) | |
1 2;0 x e v
( ) | |
3 2;0 y e .
Khai thc phng trnh th nht ca h:
( )( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 2 3 3 2
6 3 9 2 0 3 2 6 9 2 1 3 x y y x y x x y y y x x y y + + = + = + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 1 3 3 3 x x y y + = + ( (

.
Xt hm s ( ) ( )
2 3 2
3 3 f t t t t t = + = + trn
| |
2;0 . o hm: ( ) ( )
2
' 3 6 3 2 f t t t t t = + = + .
Ta c:
( )
' 0 0 2 f t t t = = v = . Vy trn on
| |
2;0 , hm s
( )
f t n iu.
Vy, phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi 1 3 2 x y y x = = + .
Thay vo phng trnh th hai, ta c:

2 2
2 2
2
2
1 1
log log 2 0
4 5
2 4 3
x x
y y
y y
+
+ + =
+
+
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
1 1
log 2
4 5 2 4 3
x x
y y y y
+
=
+ +

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
1 1
log 2
2 4 2 5 2 4 2 2 3
x x
x x x x
+
=
(
(
+ + + + + +
(

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1
log 2 *
4
1 2 1 1 2 1
x x x x
x x x x
+ +
= =
+ + + +

t
| | ( )
2
1 0;1 x t t = e . Lc ny
( )
* tr thnh:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
3 2 3 2 3 2
2
1 1
1
4 1 2 2 4 3 2 2 0
4
2 2
t t
t t t t t t t t t
t t
+
= + + = + + + =
+

( )
2
1 7
3 2 2 0 0
3
t t t t t
+
+ = = v = (do iu kin nn loi nghim
1 7
3
t

= )
+)
2
1 3
0 1 0
1 1
x y
t x
x y
= =
= =

= =

+)
2
1 7 1 2 7
3 9
t x
+ +
= =
1 2 7 1 2 7
2
3 3
1 2 7 1 2 7
2
3 3
x y
x y
+ +
= = +

+ +
= =

Nghim: ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 7 1 2 7 1 2 7 1 2 7
, 1;3 , 1;1 , ; 2 , ;2
3 3 3 3
x y
| | | |
+ + + +
| | = +
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 4: Phn tch: H cha n l hm hu t v hm s m, chng c tnh cht khc nhau nn
chc chn s phi s dng o hm. V cng lu lun, nhng h cha hm c tnh cht khc
nhau th gn nh 90% s dng o hm hoc phng php nh gi.
Cng cho v theo v v gi mt phng trnh ca h ta c h tng ng:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
2 1
3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 *
2 2 3 1
x y
y
x x y y
x x x

+ + + = + + +
+ + = +

Xt hm s ( )
2
3 1
t
f t t t = + + + trn .
Hm s c o hm: ( )
2
2 2
1
' 3 .ln3 1 3 .ln3
1 1
t t
t t t
f t
t t
+ +
= + + = +
+ +
.
Ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 0 t t t t t t t + > = + + > + > . T y suy ra
( )
' 0 f t t > e .
Vy,
( )
f t ng bin trn . Ta thy phng trnh
( )
* c dng
( ) ( )
1 1 f x f y = . T
suy ra 1 1 x y x y = = . Lc ny h s tng ng vi:
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1
ln 1 1 1 1 .ln3
1 1 3 1
x
x y
x y
x x x
x x

=

| |
+ + =
| + + = +

\ .

Li tip tc xt hm s
( )
( )
2
ln 1 ln3 g t t t t = + + trn .
Hm s ny c o hm ( )
2
2 2
1
1
1
' ln3 ln3
1 1
t
t
g t
t t t
+
+
= =
+ + +
.
D thy
2
1
ln3 1
1 t
> >
+
nn
( )
' 0 g t t < v e . Nh vy hm s
( )
g t nghch bin trn .
Mt khc ta li c
( )
0 0 g = nn phng trnh
( )
c nghim duy nht l 1 0 1 x x = = .
; 1;1 x y =
Bi 5: Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
x y
x e y e + = +
Xt hm s ( ) ( )
1
t
f t t e = + trn
| )
0;+ .
Hm s c o hm ( ) ( ) | )
' 1 0 0;
t t
f t e e t t = + + > e + .
T suy ra
( )
f t ng bin trn
| )
0;+ . Vy phng trnh th nht ca h cho tng
ng vi:
2 2
x y x y = = .
+) Nu x y = . Thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:
( ) ( )
1
3 2 3
3log 6 1 2log 2 3 log 6 1 6 3 3 3 y y y y x + = + = + = + = = = .
+) Nu x y = . Thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 2
3log 3 6 2log 2 2 1 3 1 log 2 2 1 log 1 1 y y y y + = + + + + = + + + ( (

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 2
3log 2 2log 1 3log 2 2log 1 0 * y y y y + = + + + = .
Xt hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3log 2 2log 1 g t t t = + + trn
( )
1; + .
Hm s ny c o hm:
( )
( ) ( )
3 2
'
2 ln3 1 ln2
g t
t t
=
+ +
.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
3 2 3 2
ln3 ln2 2 ln3 2 ln2 t t
< <
+ +
m
( ) ( )
2 2
2 ln2 1 ln2 t t
<
+ +
nn ta c:
( ) ( )
3 2
2 ln3 1 ln2 t t
<
+ +
, tc l
( )
' 0 g t < .
Nh vy nn hm s nghch bin trn
( )
1; + .
Ta li c
( )
7 0 g = . Vy
( )
* c nghim 7 7 y x = = .
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l ( ) ( ) ( )
; 7;7 , 3; 3 x y =
Cch khc: Trong trng hp x y = , ta t
( ) ( )
3 2
3log 2 2log 1 6 x x u + = + = th h tr thnh:
2
3 2
3
2 3
1 8
1 2 3 1
9 9
1 2
u u u
u u
u
x
x
+ =
| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ . + =

Ta li thy hm s ( )
1 8
9 9
u u
h u
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
l hm nghch bin m
( )
1 1 h = nn 1 u = l nghim
duy nht ca h 7 x y = = .
Bi 6: iu kin: 0; 0 x x y > + > .
i t phng trnh th hai ca h:
( )
x y x y x y x y x x + = + + + = + (1)
Xt hm s ( )
2
f t t t = + trn
| )
0;+ . ohm:
( )
' 2 1 0 f t t = + > nn
( )
f t ng bin.
Mt khc (1) c dng
( )
( )
f x y f x + = nn (1) x y x y x x + = = .
t ( )
0 t x t = > th
2
y t t = . Thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h ta c:

( )
( )
2
2
2 2 4 3 2
2
8
16 2 2 8 24 0
t t t
t t t t t t t
t

+ + = + + =
( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2 12 0 2 do 2 12 12 t t t t t t + + = = + + > .
Vi 2 4, t x = = 2 y = .
; 4;2 x y =
Cch gii khc: Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:
Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:

( ) ( )( )
( ) 2
2 4
8
16 2 0 4 4 0
xy x y
xy
x y xy x y x y
x y x y
+
| |
(
+ = + + + =
|

+ +
\ .

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
4 4 0 4 4 4 0
xy
x y x y x y x y x y
x y
| |
+ + + = + + + + =
|
+
\ .

Bi 7: iu kin: 1 0 x y + + > . Khai thc phng trnh th nht: ( )
3
1 5 1 x y x y + + + + =
Ta t
3
t x y = + (iu kin: 1 t > ) th
( )
1 tr thnh:
3
1 5 t t + + = .
D thy rng hm s ( )
3
1 f t t t = + + ng bin trn
| )
1; + (v khi t tng th
( )
f t tng).
Nh vy phng trnh vi n t trn s c nhiu nht mt nghim. Nhn thy t = 2 l mt
nghim ca phng trnh.
Vy, ta c: 2 8 t x y = + = . Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi:
( ) ( )
4 4 12 8 4 8 4 12 x x y y x y x y + + + + + = + + + = .
H cho s tng ng vi h sau:
( )( )
8
8
2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 36 2 1 2 1 6
x y
x y
x y x y x y
+ =
+ =

+ + + + + = + + + =

( )( ) ( )
8
8
8
4
4 2 1 81 16 2 1 2 1 9
x y
x y
x y
x y
xy x y xy x y
+ =
+ =
+ =
= =

+ + + = = + + =

; 4;4 x y =
Bi 8: iu kin 1 y > . H cho:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 4 6
2
2 2 1
2 1 1 2
x y y x x
x y x
+ = +
+ + = +

Nu 0 x = th t (1) suy ra 0 y = , thay vo (2) khng tha mn 0 x = .
Chia hai v ca (1) cho
3
0 x = ta c:
3
3
3
2
2
y y
x x
x x
+ = + (3).
Xt hm s
( )
3
2 f t t t = + trn c o hm
( )
2
' 3 2 0 f t t = + > nn hm s ng bin trn .
Mt khc (3) c dng
( )
2
y y
f f x x y x
x x
| |
= = =
|
\ .
. Thay vo (2), iu kin 2 x > :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 4
2 2 2
2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 x x x x x x x x y + + = + + + = + = = =
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
( )
; 3;3 x y =
Bi 9: iu kin , 1 x y > . H cho tng ng vi:
( )
( )
2 2
3 3
2 2 2 3 3
3
1 6 1 1 6 1
I
6 1 6 1 1 1 6 1
x y y x y y
x x x y y y y x x

+ + = + + =

+ + = + + + + =

Xt hm s ( )
2 3
6 1 f t t t t = + + trn
| )
1;+ .
Hm s c o hm:
( ) ( )
( )
2
3
2
3
1 1 1 1
' 2 6 2
3
2 1 2 1
3. 6
f t t t t
t t
t
= + + = +

+
.
Ta s chng minh rng
( )
2
3
1
2
3. 6
t
t
>
+
. Tht vy:
( )
( )
2
3
2
3
1
2 6 . 6 1
3. 6
t t t
t
> + >
+
.
iu ny hin nhin ng do t thuc on
| )
1;+ .
Nh vy,
( ) | )
' 0 1; f t t > e +
( )
f t ng bin trn
( )
1;+ . V :
( )
1 1 x y = >
( )
( )
2 3
I
1 6 1 2
x y
x x x
=

+ + =

Nhm c nghim ca (2) l 2 x = nn ta dng phng php nhn lin hp:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
2 4 1 1 6 2 0 x x x + =
( )( )
( )
2
3
3
2 2
2 2 0
1 1
6 2. 6 4
x x
x x
x
x x

+ =
+
+ + + +

( )
( )
2
3
3
1 1
2 2 0
1 1
6 2. 6 4
x x
x
x x
| |
|
+ =
|
+
+ + + +
\ .

( )
( )
2
3
3
2
1 1
2 0 3
1 1
6 2. 6 4
x
x
x
x x
=

+ =
+
+ + + +

2 x =
(D thy phng trnh
( )
3 v nghim do
1
1
1 1 x

>
+
v
( )
2
3
3
1 1
4
6 2. 6 4 x x

>
+ + + +
)
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l ( ) ( )
; 2;2 x y =
Bi 10: Xem phng trnh th hai ca h l phng trnh bc hai n x, tham s y :
( )
2 2
3 4 4 0 x y x y y + + + =
Phng trnh ny c nghim ( ) ( )
2
2 2
0 3 4 4 4 0 3 10 7 0
x
y y y y y A > + > + >

2
7 49
1 1
3 9
y y s s s s (1)
Li xem phng trnh th hai l phng trnh bc hai n y, tham s x :
( )
2 2
4 3 4 0 y x y x x + + + =
Phng trnh ny c nghim ( ) ( )
2
2 2
0 4 4 3 4 0 3 4 0
y
x x x x x A > + > + >

4
4 256
0 0
3 81
x x s s s s (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra
4 2
49 256 697 698
9 81 81 81
x y + s + = < , mu thun vi phng trnh th nht.
T suy ra h cho v nghim
Bi 11: Nhn h s c 2 + v 2 nn ta chia hai v ri cng li:
( )
( )
3
3
3
3 3
1
1
2 3 1
2 3
3 1 3
2 3 2
y
y
x
x
y y y
x
x x
+ =
+ =

| |

= + = +
|

\ .

Xt hm s ( )
3
3 f t t t = + trn . o hm: ( )
2
' 3 3 0 f t t t = + > e . T suy ra hm
s
( )
f t ng bin trn . iu ny cng c ngha l
( )
1
2 y
x
= .
Thay vo phng trnh
( )
1 ta c:
3 3
2 3 3 2 0 y y y y = + + =

( ) ( )
2
1 2 0 1 2 y y y y + = = v = .
+) Vi
1
1 1 1 y x
x
= = = . +) Vi
1 1
2 2
2
y x
x

= = = .
1
; 1;1 , ; 2
2
x y

| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 12: t 2 t x y = th phng trnh th nht tr thnh: ( )
1
4
5 5. 1 2 0 *
5
t
t t
| |
+ =
|
\ .

Xt hm s ( )
1
4
5 5. 1 2
5
t
t t
f t

| |
= +
|
\ .
trn .
Hm s c o hm: ( )
1 1
4 4
' 5 .ln5 5.ln . 2 .ln2
5 5
t
t t
f t
+
| |
= +
|
\ .
. Do
4
ln2 0,ln5 0,ln 0
5
> > <
nn
( )
' 0 f t t < e . Mt khc ta li c
( )
1 0 f = nn
( )
* 1 2 1 t x y = = + .
Thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:
( )
3 2
2 3 ln 1 0 y y y y + + + + + = .
Tip tc xt hm s ( )
( )
3 2
2 3 ln 1 g t t t t t = + + + + + trn .
Hm s ny c o hm ( )
( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 1
2 1 2 4 2
' 3 2 3 3 0
1 1 1
t
t t t
g t t t t
t t t t t t
+
+ + +
= + + = + = + >
+ + + + + +

vi mi t e nn
( )
g t nghch bin trn . Mt khc
( )
1 0 g = nn suy ra 1 y = ,
1
0
2
y
x
+
= = .
; 0 ; 1 x y = ( thi hc sinh gii quc gia 1998 1999)
Bi 13: iu kin 7 0, 2 0 x y x y + > + > .
t ( )
7 , 2 , 0 a x y b x y a b = + = + >
2 2
3 8
5 5
a b x y = . H tr thnh:
( )
2
2
2 2 2
5
5
5
3 8
3 5
8
2 5 13 0
2
5 5
5 5
a b
a b
a b
b
b
b a b b b
b
=
+ =
+ = + =
+ =

5 77
5
2
5 77
15 77
2
2
a b
b
b
a
+
=

=

=
(tho mn 0 a > )
(Ta loi nghim
5 77
2
b

= do iu kin 0 b > ).
Ta li c h sau:
2
2
15 77 151 15 77
7
10 77
2 2
11 77
5 77 51 5 77
2
2
2 2
x y
x
y
x y
| |

+ = =
|
=
\ .

=
| |
+

+ = =
|
\ .

Vy nghim ca h cho l ( )
11 77
; 10 77;
2
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Ch : Ngoi cch gii trn th ta cn c mt cch gii kh hay na, p dng c rng ri hn
cho nhiu bi ton h phng trnh dng ny cng nh phng trnh:
Ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
7 2
7 2 5 * 5 7 2 **
7 2
x y x y
x y x y x y x y x
x y x y
+ +
+ + + = = + + =
+ +
.
Ly (*) tr i (**) ta c 2 5 x y x + = . n y ta th vo phng trnh th hai ri rt x
theo y th li v gii phng trnh ban u.
Bi 14: Bin i h nh sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 2 21
3 2 16
2 4 33
1 2 38
xy x y x y
xy x y
x y x y
x y
+ =
=

+ =
+ =

( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2 21
I
1 2 38
x y x y
x y
=

+ =
.
t 1 , 2 a x b y = = th h
( )
I tr thnh:
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
21 21
21
38
2 38 2 80 0
ab a b ab a b
ab a b
a b
a b ab a b a b
= + + = + +
=

+ =
+ = + + =

( )
3 4
10
21
31 3 4
8
10
13
8
3 4
8
13
3 4
a
a b
ab a b
ab b
a b
a b
ab
a b
a
a b
ab
b
=
+ =

= + +

= =
+ =

+ =

=
+ =

=
+ =

(S d h
10
31
a b
ab
+ =
b loi do
( )
2
100 4 124 a b ab + = < = ).
+) Vi 3 4 , 3 4 a b = = th 3 3, 2 3 x y = = .
+) Vi 3 4 , 3 4 a b = = th 3 3 , 3 2 x y = = .
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
( ) ( )
; 3 3; 2 3 , 3 3 ; 3 2 x y =
Cch gii khc: Cch 1: Ly phng trnh (1) nhn 2, sau cng vi phng trnh (2) c
hng ng thc.
Cch 2: C th rt
16 2
3
y
x
y
+
=
, thay vo phng trnh th hai gii phng trnh bc 4.

Bi 15: iu kin: 2 0 x y = . Vi iu kin ny h tng ng vi:
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 5 4 6 2 0
5 6 0
2 2
1
2 3 1
2 3
2
2
x y x y
x y x y x y
x y x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
| | | | + +
+ + =
+ =
| |

\ . \ .

+ + =

+ + =

2 2
2 3
2 3
2 2
1
2 3 1
2 3
2
2
x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
+ +
= v =
= v =

+ + =

+ + =

2
2
2
2 3
2 3
1
1 1
4 3
3
8 6 1 0 2
4 2
2
3 3
8 6 1 0
8 4
1
3 3 1 0
3 3
x y
x y
y
y
y y
y y y x
x y x y
x x y y
y x
y
y
=

+ =
= =
+ = =

v

= =

= = + =

+ =
+ =

(D thy phng trnh
2
3 3 1 0 x x + = c 0 A < , v nghim)
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
3 1 3 1
; ; , ;
4 2 8 4
x y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 16: D dng nhn thy n ph:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 4 1
3 4 1
I
3 2 9 8 3
3 3 2 4 3
x x y y
x y x y
x y x y
x x y y
+ + =
+ + =

=
+ =

t
2 2
3 , 4 a x x b y y = = + th h
( )
I tr thnh:
1 1
3 2 3 0
a b a
a b b
+ = =

= =

.
+)
2 2
3 13
1 3 1 3 1 0
2
a x x x x x

= = = = .
+)
2
0 4 0 0 4 b y y y y = + = = v = .
Vy h c 4 nghim ( )
3 13 3 13
; ;0 , ; 4
2 2
x y
| | | |

=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 17: iu kin , 0 x y > . t ( )
, 0; 0 a x b y a b = = > > th h cho tr thnh:
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 3
3 3
5
8 5
8
5 3 8 4 0
5 5
a b
a a b b a b
a a b b a b
a b b ab a b a
a b
=

= + =

= + + =

= +

Do 0 a > nn ta c th chia hai v ca phng trnh th hai cho
3
a , ta c:
2 2
2 2
3 2
5
5
3
2 1 2 0
3 8 4 0
a b
a b
b b b
b b b
a a a
a a a
=
=

| || || |
| | | | | |
+ =
+ + =
| | |
| | |
\ .\ .\ .
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2 2
5 5 (1)
2 2
2 1 2
3 3
a b a b
b b b
b a b a b a
a a a

= =

= v = v = = v = v =

+) Nu 2 b a = . Loi ngay do 0 , 0 a b > > .
+) Nu b a = . Lc ny
2 2
0 a b = , tri vi phng trnh (1) (loi).
+) Nu
2
3
b a = . Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c
2 2
5
5 9 9
9
a a x = = = .
Lc ny 5 9 5 4 y x = = = .
; 9;4 x y =
Bi 18: iu kin: , 0 x y = . Bin i h v h ng cp bc hai:
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
5
5 4 4 4 20
5 2
2
2 4 5 4 20 25 10 20
2
x xy y
x xy y x xy y
y x
y x xy x xy y
x y xy
+ =

+ = + =

=
= =

( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 16 3 0
16 29 6 0
5 5
x y x y
x xy y
x xy y x xy y
+ =
=

+ = + =

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3
3
2 2
16
16 I II
5 5 5
5 5
8
y
y x
x y x y x
y y
x xy y
=

= = v =

v

=

+ = =

D thy (II) v l. Gii h (I): ( )
2
2
1 1
I
2 2
5 5
x y
y y
x x
y
=
= =

v

= =
=

Vy nghim ca h l ( ) ( ) ( )
; 2;1 , 2; 1 x y =
Bi 19: Nhn xt rng 0 x = khi v ch khi 0 y = . Vy h c mt nghim l
( )
0;0 .
Trng hp , 0 x y = . Nhn cho v theo v nh sau:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 2 2 4
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 3 20 3
3 17 20 0
2 3
10 2 3
y x y x y x y x x y
x x y y
y x y x
x x y y y x y x

= = +
+ =

=
+ = =

( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 0
I
2 3
4 3 5 0
3 5 0 2 3
II
2 3
x y
y x y x
x y x y
x y y x y x
y x y x
=
=

= =

Gii h th nht:
( )
( )
2 2
3
2 2
4
2
I
2 3 2
x y
y x
y x y x x y
=

=

= =

2
3
2
2
3
2
1 1
2 2
1
2 1 2
1
2
2
x y
y y
y y x y x
y
x y y x y
y
x
y y x y
=

= =

= = =
=

= = =
=

=
= =

Gii h th hai:
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3
2 2
3
5
5
5
3
3
3 II
4
2 3
4 9
9
x y
x y
x y
y
y x y x
y x
x
=
=

=
=
=

4 4
2
4 4
5 3 5 3 5
. .
3 2 3 2 3
4 5 3 125 3 125
. .
9 3 2 27 2 27
x y y y
y x x

= = =

= = =

v (Hi tt, gii h ny khng kh)
Vy nghim ca h l ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 4 4
3 125 3 5 3 125 3 5
; 0;0 , 2;1 , 2; 1 , . ; . , . ; .
2 27 2 3 2 27 2 3
x y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 20: iu kin
( )
0 x x y + > .
t
( )
6
0
x
a a
x y
= >
+
th phng trnh th nht tr thnh:
2
1 5 1
2 5 2 2
2 2
a a a a a
a
+ = + = v = (tho mn).
+)
6
2 2 2
x
a x y
x y
= = =
+
. Thay vo phng trnh th hai, ta c:
2 2
3 2 9 2 3 9 0 y y y y = + = , v nghim do 63 0 A = < .
+)
1 6 1
23
2 2
x
a y x
x y
= = =
+
. Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
2 2
24 23 9 23 24 9 0 x x x x = + = , v nghim do ' 63 0 A = < .
Vy h phng trnh cho v nghim
Bi 21: T phng trnh th hai ca h, ta nh gi c
| |
, 1;1 x y e . Ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3 3 2 2
3 3
4 2
4 2 4 2
5 0 5 0
5 5
1
1 1
x y x y x y x y xy x y
x x y y
x y
x y x y

= + + =
+ = +

+ =
+ = + =

( )
( )
| |
( )
2 2 2 2
4 2 4 2
5 0 do , 1;1 5 0
1 1
x y x xy y x y x y x y xy
x y x y

+ = = e + <

+ = + =

4 2 2 2
1 5 5 1 5 1
1 0
2 2 2
x y
x y x y
x y
x x x x x
=
= =

=

+ = = = =

Vy nghim ca h l ( )
5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1
; ; , ;
2 2 2 2
x y
| | | |

| | =
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 22: iu kin 0 32 x s s . Cng v theo v hai phng trnh ca h cho, ta c:
2 4 4
32 32 6 21 x x x x y y + + + = + . nh gi hai v ca phng trnh ny nh sau:
+)
( ) ( )
2
2
VP 6 21 3 12 12 1 y y y = + = + > . Du bng xy ra khi 3 y = .
+) nh gi v tri bng bt ng thc Cauchy Schwart (Bunhiacpxki) nh sau:
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
2 2
2 2 4 4
32 1 1 32 8
VT 12 2
32 1 1 32 2.8 4
x x x x
x x x x
+ s + + =

s
`
+ s + + s =
)

Du bng
( )
2 xy ra
| |
0;32
16
32
x
x
x x
e
=
.
T
( ) ( )
1 , 2 VT = VP 12 16, 3 x y = = = .
; 16;3 x y =
Bi 23: Thay 0 x = vo h thy khng tho mn 0 x = . T phng trnh th hai ca h ta
rt: ( )
2
1
1 *
x
y
x
+ = .
Th vo phng trnh th nht ca h ta c:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 2 1
3 4 1 . . 3 4 1
x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x
| || |

+ = + = +
| |
\ .\ .

( )( )
2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2
1 2 1 3 4 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 6 4 0 x x x x x x x x x x x = + + = + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 x x x x x x x + = + = = v = .
Quay li th vo
( )
* , ta c:
+) Vi 1 x = th 1 0 1 y y + = = . +) Vi 2 x = th
3 5
1
2 2
y y

+ = =
.
5
; 1; 1 , 2;
2
x y

| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 24: Thay 0 x = vo phng trnh th hai thy khng tho mn nn suy ra 0 x = .
Vi iu kin ny, h tng ng vi:
2
2
2
2
2
1
6
6
1
1 2
5
5
y
y y
y
x x
x x
y
y
y
x x x
| |
+ =
|
+ =
\ .

| |

+ =
+ =
|

\ .

( )
I
t
1
,
y
a y b
x x
= + = th h
( )
1 tr thnh:

( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
5
5
5
6
2
2
2
2 5
5
3 3 4 0
5 12 0 . 6
2
a
a
a b
b ba
b
a b
a
a a a
a a a
= =
=

=

+ + =
= =

2
2
2
5
2
3
2 3 7
3 3 4 0
2 4
a
b
a
b
a do a a a

| |
=
| |

= + + = + + > |
|
|
\ .
\ .

Vi 3 , 2 a b = = , thay tr li bc t:
2
1
2 3
2
1
2 3 2 3 1 0
2
y x y
y x
x
y x x x
x
x
= + =
=

+ = + =

=

2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
y x
x x
x
y
y
x
=
= =
=

1
; 1;2 , ;1
2
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 25: H cho tng ng vi:

( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
5 16 16
5 16 16
5 16 16 8 4 0
2 8 4 0
y x x
y x x
y x x y xy
y y xy
= + +

= + +

+ + + =
=

( )
2 2
2 2
5 16 16
5 16 16
2 4 2 0 0 2 4
y x x
y x x
y y x y y x
= + +
= + +

= = v = +

( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 4
0
I II
5 4 4 0
2 4 5 16 16
y x
y
x x
x x x
= +
=

v

+ =
+ = + +

Gii h
( )
I ta c
( ) ( )
4
; 4;0 , ;0
5
x y

| |
=
|
\ .
.
Gii h ( )
2
2 4
0
II
4
9 0
y x
x
y
x
= +
=

=
=

.
4
; 4;0 , ;0 , 0;4
5
x y

| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 26: Ta thy gi tr 0 y = khng tho mn phng trnh th nht ca h 0 y = .
Lc ny h cho tng ng vi:
2
2
1
4
2
1
x
x y
y
y
x y
x
+
+ + =
+ =
+
.
t
( )
2
1
, 0
x
x y a b b
y
+
+ = = = th h tr thnh:
( )
2
4 4
4
1
1 1
3 2 2 4 0 2 1 0
a b a b
a b
b
a a b b b
b b
+ = =

=
=

= = + = + =

(tho mn)
Tr li bc t:
2 2
2
2 2
3
1 1 1 2
1
2 5 1
1 3 2 0
x y
y x y x x x
x
y y
x x x x
y
+ =

= + = + = =

v
+
= = =
+ + = + =

; 1;2 , 2;5 x y =
Bi 27: Dng php th:
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 9 2 2 9
3 3
x y x y xy x y xy x y x y x xy y
x xy y x xy y

= + + = + +

+ = + =

3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 2
2 2
2 9 8
4 2 3 1
3 3
x y x y
x y x y x y
y y y y
x xy y x xy y
= =
= =

+ = =
+ = + =

1 1
2 2
y y
x x
= =

v

= =

; 2;1 , 2; 1 x y =
Bi 28: Bin i h t n ph:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
3 3
3 2 2 7 3 7
1 1
3 3
x xy y x xy y x y x y
x y x y
x y x y x y x y
x y x y

+ + + + + = + + + =

+ +

+ + + = + + + =

+ +

t
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1
; 2 2 a x y b x y a a x y
x y
x y
= + + = > = + +
+
+
. H tr thnh:
( )
2 2
2
2 2
3
3
3 13
3 4 6 4 0 3 3 13
b a
b a
a b
a b a a a a
=
=
+ =

+ = = + =

( ) ( )
3
1
2 2 2 TM khng TM
2
2
1 1 1
3
2
x
a x y a a
b x y
b a y
=

= + = = v =

= =

= =

Vy nghim ca h l
( )
3 1
; ;
2 2
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 29: iu kin , 0 x y > . t ( )
, 2 , 0 a x b y a b = = > th h tr thnh:
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
10
10 4 4 2
3 4
2 3
84
84
10 2
10 2 10 2 3
10
3 3
3 2
84
84 84
84
b
b a
b a
b b a b a
a
a b a
a a b a b a
b a
| |

=
= = = |

+ \ . +

=
| |

= =
=
+
|

+ + + \ .

2 2 2
2
2 2 2
10 2 5 1 2 1 2
1 1 661
3 . 3 0 5. 132 0
44 88
5
b a
b a b a b a
a a a a a a
a
=
= = =

= + = + =
=

( )
1 661
2
132
5
0
1 661
1 661
66
b a
a
a a
b
+
=
=

= >
+

+ =

2
2
1 661
331 661
132
8712
331 661
1 1 661
4356
2 66
x
x
y
y
| |
+

+
=
|
=
\ .

+
| |
+
=
=
|
\ .

Vy nghim ca h l ( )
331 661 331 661
; ;
8712 4356
x y
| |
+ +
=
|
\ .

Bi 30: Cng v theo v hai phng trnh:
2 2
3 2 2
3
1 1
2
2 9 2 9
xy x y
x x y y
| |
|
+ = +
|
+ +
\ .

nh gi hai v ca phng trnh ny:
+)
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
3 3
1 1 1 1
VT 2 2 2
8 8
1 8 1 8
xy xy xy
x y
| |
| |
|
= + s + =
|
|
\ .
+ +
\ .
.
+) ( )
( )
2
2 2
VP 2 do 0 x y xy x y = + > > .
M ta li c VT= VP nn du bng cc ng thc trn phi xy ra, tc l:
( ) ( )
1 1 0
1
x y
x y
x y
= =
= =
.
Th li, ta thy rng
( )
1;1 l nghim ca h cho.
; 1;1 x y =
Bi 31: Nhn thy rng nu s dng php th th bc ca phng trnh nhn c s rt ln (c
th l bc 9, ta c th nhm c mt nghim v vic chng minh phng trnh bc 8 nhn
c (sau khi dng chia bng s Hoocne) s rt kh chng minh n v nghim). V vy vi
bi ny chng ta s dng phng php nh gi:
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
3
3
3 2
2 3 2
2 1 2 1
3 4
I
2 2 3 2
2 6 2
2 2 1 2 2
y x x
y x x
y x x
x y y
x y y
x y y

= + +
= +
= + +

=
=
= +

+) Nu 2 x > th t
( )
1 2 0 y < v t
( )
2 2 y < , mu thun nn loi.
+) Nu 2 x > th t
( )
1 2 0 y > v t
( )
2 2 y > , mu thun nn cng loi nt.
+) Nu 2 x = th thay vo ( I ) tm c 2 y = .
; 2;2 x y =
Bi 32: T phng trnh th hai ta t iu kin , 0 x y > .
x y
e x e y =
( )
1 .
Xt hm s ( )
t
f t e t = trn
( )
0;+ . o hm: ( )
0
' 1 1 0
t
f t e e = > = nn hm s ng
bin trn
( )
0;+ . Ta li c
( )
1 c dng
( ) ( )
f x f y x y = = .
2 2 2
2 1 2 2
2
2
log 1 2
log 3log 2 log 3log 2 0
log 2 4
x x
x x x x
x x
= =
+ = + =

= =

; 2;2 , 4;4 x y =
Bi 33: Tr v theo v hai phng trnh ca h cho ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
3 3 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 x y x y x y x y x xy y x y x y = + + + = +

( )
( )
2 2
2 2 4 0 0 x y x y xy x y x y x y + + + = = =
(do ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
1 1
2 2 4 2 2 0
2 2
x y xy x y x y x y + + + = + + + > )
Thay x y = tr li h ta c:
( )
( )
2
3 2 3 2
1 5
1 1 0
1 2 2 1 0 1
2
x y
x y
x y x y
y y y
y y y y y y
=
= =

=
+ = + = = v =

1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
; 1;1 , ; , ;
2 2 2 2
x y
| | | |
+ +
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 34: iu kin
2
1 x > . Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2
2
1
1 . 1 1 1 1
1
y y
x x x x y y
y y
+
+ + = + + = +
+

(do
2 2
1 y y y + > > nn
2
1 0 y y + < ). Tng t: ( )
2 2
1 1 2 y y x x + + = + .
Kt hp
( ) ( )
1 , 2 ta c h:
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 2 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
x y
x x y y y x
x x y y
y y x x x x y y

=
+ + = + + = +

+ + = +
+ + = + + + = +

2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
x y x y x y x y
x x y y x x x x x x x x
= v = = =

+ + = + + + = + + + = + +

v
0
0
x y x y
x y x y
x x y
= = =

= =

= =

v (loi 0 x y = = do
2
1 x > ).
Vy x y = . Thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h thy tho mn v thay vo phng trnh
th hai ca h ta c
( )
2
35
0 1
12
1
y
y
y
+ + =
. D thy rng 0 y < (v nu 0 y > th v tri

dng nn n v l). Kt hp vi iu kin cn thc ta c y < 1.
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
35 35 35
1 1
12 12 12 1
1
y y
y y y y y
y
y
| | | |
+ = + = + =
| |
\ . \ .

SUY RA

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
35 35 35 35 1225
. 2
12 12 12 6 144
y y y y y y y y
| | | | | |
+ = + + + = + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2 2
2 2 2
35 1369 37 35 37 35 37
1 1 1 0
12 144 12 12 12 12 12
y y y y y y
| | | | | || |
+ = = + + + =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ .\ .

2 2
35 49 35 25 5 5 35 3577
0
12 12 12 12 4 3 12
y y y y y y y

| || |
+ + + = = v = v =
| |
\ .\ .
.
(T tng trong u phi xc nh rng: khng s gii phng trnh bc 4, n c cch gii m)
Thay li vo phng trnh
( )
1 ta thy ch c cc nghim
5 5
,
4 3
y y

= = tho mn
( )
1 .
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
5 5 5 5
; ; , ;
4 4 3 3
x y

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Cch gii khc: Vi bi ton ny th vic lng gic ha s khng cho kt qu p.
Phng trnh (1) c vit li thnh:
2
1 35
0
12
1
1
y
y
+ =
.
Vi iu kin y < 1, ta c th t
1
cos ;
2
t t
y
t
t
| |
| |
= e
| |
\ .
\ .
th phng trnh trn tr thnh:
( )
2
1 1 35 1 1 35 35
0 0 sin cos sin cos 0
cos 12 cos sin 12 12
1 cos
t t t t
t t t
t
+ = + = + =
.
n y c th t sin cos t t t = gii tip.
Bi 35: Nhn thy rng phng trnh th hai ca h c nhm h s ca
2
y nn ta c
tng a phng trnh th hai ca h thnh bc hai vi n l
2
y .
T phng trnh th nht suy ra:
2 2
3 9 48 16 144 y x y x = = .
Thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c: ( )
4 2 2
4 2 3 16 48 11 0 y x y x x + + + = .
Xem nh y l mt phng trnh bc hai vi n l
2
y v tham s l x , ta c:
( )
2
2
2
' 4 2 3 16 48 11 25 0
y
x x x A = + = > nn phng trnh c hai nghim l:
( )
2
2 2 3 5 y x = hay chnh l
2
1 4 y x = hoc
2
11 4 y x = .
+) Nu
2
2
1
1 4
4
y
y x x

= = . Th vo phng trnh th nht ta c:
2
2 4 2
4 2
1 2 1
3 9 3 9 2 48 143
4 16
y y y
y y y y y
| |
+
+ = + = = +
|
\ .

( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
2 2 2
1 2 12 1 2 12 1 2 12 0 y y y y y y + = + + + + =
2
2
2
2 11 0 1 2 3 3 3
2 11 0
2 13 0 (VN) 1 2 3 3 3
y y y x
y y
y y y x

+ = = + =
+ =

+ = = = +

(tho mn)
+) Nu
2
2
11
11 4
4
y
y x x

= = . Th vo phng trnh th nht ta c:
2
2 4 2
4 2
11 22 121
3 9 3 9 22 48 23
4 16
y y y
y y y y y
| |
+
+ = + = = +
|
\ .

( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2 2
1 2 6 2 6 2 6 1 2 6 2 6 1 2 6 0 y y y y y y + = + + + + =
( )
( )
2
2
2 6 1 2 6 0 *
2 6 1 2 6 0 **
y y
y y
+ + =

+ + =

Gii tng phng trnh:
( )
2
11 6 2 3 3 2
6 2 3
4 2
*
6 2 3 3 2
6 2 3
2
y
y x
y x

= + + = =
+ +
= =

( )
2
11 3 2 2 3 6
6 3 2
4 2
**
2 3 6 3 2
6 3 2
2
y
y x
y x

= + = =

= + =

Nghim ca h l

( )
( ) ( )
; 3 3 ; 2 3 1 , 3 3 ; 2 3 1 ,
6 2 3 3 2 6 2 3 3 2
; 2 3 6 , ; 2 3 6 ,
2 2
3 2 2 3 6 2 3 3 2 6
; 6 3 2 , ; 6 2 3 .
2 2
x y = +
| | | |
+ +
+
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |

+ +
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 36: t
15
5
t
y = . T phng trnh th nht suy ra
| |
15 15
1;1 ;
3 3
y t
(
e e
(

.
Phng trnh th hai ca h tr thnh:
5 3
5 3
15 15
125 125 6 15 0 3 5 2 0
5 5
t t
t t
| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .

( )
( )
( )
2
3 2
3 2
1
1 3 6 4 2 0
3 6 4 2 0 1
t
t t t t
t t t
=
+ + + =

+ + + =
.
Xt hm s ( )
3 2
3 6 4 2 f t t t t = + + + trn on
15 15
;
3 3
(
(

. Hm s c o hm
( ) ( )
2
2
' 9 12 4 3 2 0 f t t t x = + + = + > nn hm s ng bin on
15 15
;
3 3
(
(

.
Suy ra
3 2
15
3 6 4 2 12 3 15 0
3
t t t f
| |
+ + + > = >
|
\ .
, nn
( )
1 v nghim.
Vy
15
1
5
t y = = . Thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h ta tm c
10
5
x = .
Vy cc nghim ca h l ( )
10 15
; ;
5 5
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

( )
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
2000 2000 0
500 * 500 0
x xy y x xy y
y yx x y yx x
= + =

= =

+) Nu 0 x = , thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c 0 y = , tho mn h.
+) Nu
3 2
0 0 0 x y yx y = = = . Lc ny ta nhn cho hai v ca h nh sau:

( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 2 4 2 2 4 2 2
500 2000 4 4 x x xy y y yx x x y y x y = =
( )( )
4 2 2 4 2 2 2 2
5 4 0 4 0 x x y y x y x y + = =
2 2 x y x y x y x y = v = v = v =

Nu x y = . Thay vo (*) ta c:
3 3
500 0 x x x x = = , loi.
Nu x y = . Thay vo (*) ta c:
( ) ( )
3
2
500 0 x x x x x = = , loi nt.
Nu 2 x y = . Thay vo ta c:
( )
3 3 3 2
4 1000 1000 0 1000 0 y y y y y y y = + = + =
iu ny khng th xy ra do
2
0 , 1000 0 y y = + > .
Nu 2 x y = . Thay vo (*) ta c:
( )
3 3 2 2
4 1000 3 1000 0 3 1000 y y y y y y = = =
10 30 20 30
3 3
10 30 20 30
3 3
y x
y x

= =

= =

Vy h c cc nghim l ( ) ( )
20 30 10 30 20 30 10 30
; 0;0 , ; , ;
3 3 3 3
x y
| | | |

=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 38: Thay 0 y = vo h thy khng tha mn nn h tng ng vi:
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
4
2
2
2 2
2
2 3
2
3
1 1
1 1
2
1
2 2 1 1
2 1 1 2
y
xy x y
xy
y y
y y
x x y
x y
| |
+ =
=
|
\ .

+ =
=

T (1)
4 4
1 0 1 1 1 y y y > > s s . T (2)
3 3
1 0 1 1 y y y > > s .
V vy y ch c th bng 1 1 x = .
Vy nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
; 1; 1 x y =
Bi 39: iu kin
1
, 0;
2
x y
(
e
(

. Vi iu kin ny suy ra
1
0
4
xy s s .
Khai thc phng trnh th nht ca h. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy Schwart ta c:
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
x y x y
x y
| |
| | | |
|
+ s + + = +
| |
|
+ + + +
+ + \ . \ .
\ .

( )
*
n y ta s chng minh:
( )
2 2
1 1 4
2 1
1 2 1 2 1 2 xy x y
| |
+ s
|
+ + +
\ .
(vi
1
0
4
xy s s ).
Tht vy
( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
x y
xy x y x y
xy
x y
+ +
s + + + s + +
+
+ +

( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 1 2 2 4 x y xy x y xy y x x y + + + + + s + + +
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 0 2 0 x y xy xy xy x y x y xy x y + + > >
( ) ( )
2
1 2 0 x y xy > , iu ny ng do ( )
2 1 1
0 ; 1 2 1 2. 0
4 2
x y xy > > = > .
Vy,
( )
1 ng. Kt hp vi
( )
* suy ra
2
2 2
1 1 4
1 2
1 2 1 2
xy
x y
| |
|
+ s
| +
+ +
\ .
.
Ly cn hai v ta c :
2 2
1 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
xy
x y
+ s
+
+ +
.
Trong bi ny, du bng xy ra, tc l
1
0;
2
x y x = > s . Nh vy h cho tr thnh:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
9 9 81
x y x y x y
x x y y x x x x
= = =

+ = = =

2
73
1
9 73 1
2 0
9
81
36
4
x y
x y
x y
x x
x
x
=
=
=

+ =
=

=
(tha mn)
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
9 73 9 73 9 73 9 73
, ; , ;
36 36 36 36
x y
| | | |
+ +
=
| |
\ . \ .
( HSG quc gia)
Bi 40: iu kin
1
1 ,
2
x y > > .
Vit h li nh sau:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 3
1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 1 0
2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1
x x y y x x y y
x y x y

+ = + ( ( =

= =

Ta t ( )
2 , 2 1 , 0 a x b y a b = = >

th h trn tr thnh:

( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
3 3
3
3 3
1 1 1 0
2 1
2 1 2 1
a a b b a b a b ab
a a b b
a b
a b a b

+ = + + + + =
+ = +

=
= =

( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
3
3
0 do 1 0
1 1 0
2 1
2 1
a b
a b a b ab a b
a a a
a a
a b
=
= + + + > =

+ =
=
=

1 5
1
2
a b
a a
=

+
= v =

(do 0 a > nn ta loi nghim

1 5
2
a

= )

+) Nu 1 2 2 1 1 1; 1 a b x y x y = = = = = = .
+) Nu
5 1 5 1 1 5 5 5
2 2 1 ,
2 2 2 4
a b x y x y
+
= = = = = = .
1 5 5 5
; 1;1 , ;
2 4
x y
| |
+
=
|
\ .

Lu : C th dng phng php hm s kt lun 2 2 1 x y = .
3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
9 1 8 3 3 1 6 12 8
2 4 0 6 12 3 3 2 4 0
x y x y x x x y y y
x y x y y y x x x y x y

= = + + = + + +

+ + = + = + + + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2
2 2
2 2
1 2
3
1 2
3 9 6 0 3 2 3 4 0
2 4 0
x y
x y
x y
y y y y y y
x y x y
= +
= +
= +

+ + = + + + + =
+ + =

3 2 1
1 2 1 2
x y x x
y y y y
= + = =

v

= v = = =

; 2; 1 , 1; 2 x y =
Bi 42: Chuyn s 3 t v tri ca phng trnh th hai sang v phi:
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
3 2 2
3 3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
8 2 8 0
8 2 8 .
3
3
3 3 1
3 2
3 2 3 2
xy
x
x x y y x x
x x y y x x y
x y
x y
x y x y
| |
= + =
= + =
|

\ .

= +
= +

= + = +

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
0
0
3 24 0 3 2 ( )
3 24 0
3 24 0
3 2
3 24 0
3 6 0
3 2
3 2
x
x
x y loai
x xy
y
x xy
x
x y
x xy
y x
x y
x y
=
=

= +

=

=

=

= +
=

+ =
= +

= +
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
4 2 2 2 2 4
3 24
3 24
3 24
3 24
26 426 1728 0 3 6 0 3 3 24 6 0
x
x y
x
y
x
y
x
x
x
x x x x x x
x

=

=
=

| |

+ = + = + =
|

\ .
2
2 2
4 78 4 78
3 24
3 3
13 13
1 1
96
78 78
9
13
13 13
x
x x
y
x x
x
y y
x x
y y

= =
=

= =

v v v

= =

= v =
= =

4 78 78 4 78 78
; 3;1 , 3; 1 , ; , ;
13 13 13 13
x y
| | | |

=
| |
\ . \ .

Cch gii khc: Cch 1: a phng trnh th nht v dng
3 3
2 8 x y y x = + v a phng
trnh th hai v
2 2
3 6 x y = , sau nhn hai v a v phng trnh ng cp bc 3.
Cch 2: Bnh phng h qu nh sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
8 2 8 2 8 2 x x y y x x y y x x y y = + = + = +
Vic cn li ca chng ta l rt
2
y t phng trnh th hai v th vo phng trnh trn. Tm
xong c nghim th phi th li.
( thi d b i hc khi A nm 2008 2009)
Bi 43: Rt y t phng trnh th hai v nhn hai v ca phng trnh th nht cho 7 ta c:
( )( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
7 2 9 6
7 2 9 6
2 3 2 9 6 28 9 2 9 6
7 .2 7 .3 28 7 .9
y x x
y x x
x x x x x x x
y x y y x y
= +
= +

+ + = + +
+ = +

( )( )
( )
2
2
2
4 3 2
7 2 9 6
7 2 9 6
2 2 1 2 9 27 0
4 24 31 99 54 0
y x x
y x x
x x x x
x x x x
= +
= +

+ + =
+ + =

2
2 9 6 1
2
9 3 33
7 2
16 4
1
1 9 3 33
3
7 2
7
2 4
x x
x y x
x
y
y
y
x x x
+

= = =

=
v v

=

=
=
= v = v =

Vy h c 4 nghim ( )
16 1 1 9 3 33
; 2; , ; , ;3
7 2 7 4
x y
| |

| | | |
=
|
| |
\ . \ .
\ .

Bi 44: Bin i v t n ph gii h:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
4 3 2 2 3
2 3
4 3 2 2
3 2
3 2
3 2
2 1
1
1
1
1
1
x x y x y x y
x xy x y
x x y x y
x y x xy
x y x xy
x y x xy
+ + =
+ =
+ =

+ =
=
=

t
2 3
, a x xy b x y = = th h ny tr thnh:
( )
2
2 2
1 1
0 1
1
1 0 1 1 1 0
b a b a
a a
a b
b b a a b a a a
= + = + = =
+ =
v

= = + + = = + =

+) Nu
2 2
3 4
0 1 1
0, 1
1 1
1 1
x xy xy x x x
a b
y y
x y x

= = = =

= = v

= =
= =

+) Nu
2
2
3
1
1
1, 0
0 0
0
x xy
x xy
a b
x y
x y
=
=
= =

= v =
=

n y d thy h ny v nghim.
; 1;1 , 1; 1 x y =
Bi 45: Bin i h v t n ph:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 2 2
4 2 2
2 2
2 2
4 4 6 9 4
4 6 9 0
2 22 0
2 3 4 2 4 3 8 0
x x y y
x x y y
x y x y
x y x y
+ + + =
+ + =

+ + =
+ + =

t ( )
2
2 , 3 2 a x b y a = = > th h tr thnh:

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
8 4
2 4
4
4 4 8 0
8 4 8 20 0
ab a b
a b ab
a b
ab a b
ab a b a b a b
= +
+ =
+ =

+ + =
= + + + + =

( )
8 4 2 10
0 48
2 10
ab a b a b a b
ab ab
a b a b
= + + = + =

= =
+ = v + =

v
Loi 10, 48 a b ab + = = do
( )
2
4 100 4.48 0 a b ab + = < .
Vi
2 0 2
0 2 0
a b a a
ab b b
+ = = =

v

= = =

Quay tr li bc t:
2
2
2 0
2
3 2
5
2
2 2
3
3 0
x
x
y
y
x
x
y
y
=
=

=
=

=
=
=
=

Vy nghim ca h l ( )
( )
( )
2;5 , 2;3 x y =
Cch gii khc: T phng trnh th hai rt
2
x theo y ri th vo phng trnh th nht c
phng trnh bc 4 c nghim p.
Bi 46: Nhn thy 0 y = khng tho mn h 0 y = .
Lc ny h cho tng ng vi:
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
27
27
8 18
8 18
3 9
4 6
4 . 2 . 3
1
x
x
y
y
x x
x x
y y y y

+ =
+ =

+ =
+ =

n y t
3
2 , a x b
y
= = th h li tr thnh:

( )
3
3 3 3 3 2 2
3 3
2 2 3 3
3 3
3
18 3 3 27 27
18
3 18
18
a b
a b a b a b ab a b
a b
a b ab a b
a b
+ =
+ = + + + = + =

+ =
+ = + =
+ =

( )
3 2 3
2
3 5 3 5
3
3
2 2
27 27 9 18
3 1 0
3 5 3 5
2 2
a a
b a
b a
a a a a
a a
b b

+
= =
=

v

+ + =
+ =
+

= =

+) Vi
3 5 3 5 3 5 3 9 3 5
; ,
2 2 2 4 2
a
a b x y
b
+ + +
= = = = = = .
+) Vi
3 5 3 5 3 5 9 3 5
; ,
2 2 4 2
a b x y
+
= = = = .
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
3 5 9 3 5 3 5 9 3 5
; ; , ;
4 2 4 2
x y
| | | |
+ +
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 47: Bin i tng ng h nh sau:
( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
3
3
2 2 1 1 16
1 1 4
xy x y
x y xy
x y x y
x y
= +
+ =

+ + + + + =
+ + + =

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3
5 2 1 16 2 4 11
xy x y xy x y
xy x y x y x y xy xy

= + = +

+ + + + + = + + =

(iu kin 11 xy < )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
3
3
3
35
4 4 11 3 3 26 105 0
3
xy x y
xy x y
xy x y
x y xy xy xy xy x y xy
= +
= +

= +

+ + = = v = + =

2 2
3
6
xy
x y
=

+ =
(tho mn)
2 2
35
3
35 26
3 0
3 3
xy
x y
+ = + = <
(loi)
Vy
2 2
2
4 2 2
2
3
3 3
3
3 3
9
6
3 3
6
6 9 0 3
y
xy y y x x
x
x x
x y
y y
x
x x x
x
=
= = = = =

v

+ =
= =

+ =
+ = =

Nghim ca h l ( )
( ) ( )
; 3; 3 , 3; 3 x y =
Bi 48: Gii h bng phng php hm s:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 1 2 1 1
1 1 1
x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y
e e x e x y x e x y
x y e e x y e x y
+
+ + +
+ = + + + = + = + +

+ = = + = +

Cng v theo v ca hai phng trnh vi nhau ta c: ( ) ( )
x y x y
e x y e x y
+
+ = + +
( )
* .
Xt hm s ( )
t
f t e t = + trn . Hm s c o hm ( )
' 1 0
t
f t e = + > nn
( )
f t ng bin
trn . Mt khc
( )
* c dng
( ) ( )
f x y f x y = + nn 0 x y x y y = + = .
Thay y = 0 vo hai phng trnh ca h ta c: 1 1 0
x x
e x e x = + = (
**
)
Kho st hm s ( )
1
x
g x e x = trn . o hm ( )
' 1
x
g x e = .
( )
' 0 1 0
x
g x e x = = = . y chnh l im cc tiu ca hm s.
Lp bng bin thin, thy rng
( )
0 g x x > e .
Du bng xy ra khi v ch khi 0 x = , tc l (
**
) 0 x = .
; 0;1 x y =
Bi 49: iu kin
1
, 0 y x
x
> = . t t x y = th phng trnh th nht ca h tr thnh:
( )
( )
1 2 1 2
4
1 4 .5 1 3 5 5. 3 1 0 1
5
t
t t t t t + +
| |
+ = + + =
|
\ .

Xt hm s ( )
1 2
4
5 5. 3 1 0
5
t
t t
f t
+
| |
= + =
|
\ .
trn .
Hm s c o hm ( )
1 2
4 4
' 5 .ln5 5. .ln 3 .ln3 0
5 5
t
t t
f t t
+
| |
= + < e
|
\ .
(d thy iu ny
do
1 2
4
5 .ln5 0, ln 0, 3 .ln3 0
5
t t +
< < < ).
Mt khc ta c
( )
0 0 f = nn
( )
1 0 0 t x y x y = = = .
Th y x = vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:
2
1
3 1 2 x x x x
x
= .
D thy rng 0 x = khng tho mn nn ta c th chia hai v ca phng trnh ny cho x:
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2 0 1 2 0 x x x x x x
x x x x x x
| || |
| |
= + = =
| |
|
\ .
\ .\ .

2
2
1
1
1 1 5 1
1 0
2
1
4 1 0 1
4
2 5 2
x
x
x x x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x

= =

= =
=

=
= =

Nghim ( )
( ) ( )
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
; ; , ; , 2 5;2 5 , 2 5;2 5
2 2 2 2
x y
| | | |
+ +
= + +
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 50: Vi iu kin 2 , 0 x y y > = th phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:
2 2
2 6 2 ( 2 ) 2 6 0 y y x y x y x y y x y y + = =
Xem y l phng trnh bc hai vi n l 2 x y . Ta c:
2 2 2
24 25 y y y A = + = nn phng
trnh ny c hai nghim l 2 3 x y y = v 2 2 x y y = (y l phng trnh ng bc).
+) Nu
2
0
2 3
9 2
y
x y y
x y y
>
=

= +
.

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
9 2 3 9 2 3 2 9 5 9 5 2 0 y y y y y y y y y y + + = + + + + =
2
9 5 1 y y + = (loi)
2
9 5 2 y y v + = (tha mn)
2
9 5 4 0 y y + =
1 y = (loi)
4
9
y v = (tha mn). Vi
4 8
9 3
y x = = .
+) Nu
2
0
2 2
4 2
y
x y y
x y y
s
=

= +
.
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
4 2 2 4 2 3 2 4 4 5 2 y y y y y y y y y + = + + = +
2
2 4 5 2 y y y = + (do 0 y s )
2
1
4 7 2 0
4
y y y + = = (loi) 2 y v = (tha mn)
Vi 2 12 y x = = .
8 4
; ; , 12; 2
3 9
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 51: H cho tng ng vi:
2
2
1
2 2
1 2
2
x x
y
x
y y
+ =
.
t ( )
1
0 a a
y
= = th h trn tr thnh:

( )
( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2 0 1 0
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
x a x a x a x a
x x a
a x a x x a
x x a
+ = + + =
+ =

= + =

+ =

( )
2
2 2
2 2 1
1 1
2 2 1 0
2 1 2 1 2
x a
x a
a a
x a x a
a a
a a
=

= =

= =
+ =
+ =

1 3 1 3
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 3 1 3
2 2
a a
a a
x x
x x

+
= =

= =

v v v

= =
+

= =

+) Vi 1 a = th 1 y = . +) Vi 1 a = th 1 y = .
+) Vi
1 3
2
a
+
= th 1 3 y = + . +) Vi
1 3
2
a

= th 1 3 y = .
1 3 1 3
; 1;1 , 1; 1 , ;1 3 , ;1 3
2 2
x y
| | | |
+
= +
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 52: iu kin
2 2
x y > .
t ( )
2 2
, 0, 0 a x y b x y a b = = + > = th ( )( )
2 2 2
a x y x y x y = = + .
Suy ra
2 2
a a
x y
x y b
= =
+
.
Ta li c ( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 2
a
y x y x y b
b
| |
= + = (
|

\ .
.
Lc ny h tr thnh:

( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
1
12
12 24
2
144 24 24 12
12
12
a
b a
b a b a a b
b
a a a a a
b a
b a
| |
=

= =
|

\ .
+ =
=

+ =

2
12
3 4
9 8
24 168 288 0
b a
a a
b b
a a
=
= =

v

= =
+ =

(tho mn).
+) Nu
2 2 2
9
1 3 5
9
9 4
9
9
x y a x
x y a
x y
b y
x y
x y
= = = =
= =
+

= =
+ =

+ =
.
+) Nu
2 2 2
4 2 5
4 16
8 8 3
8
a x y x
x y
b x y y
x y
= = =
= =

= + = =
+ =

.
; 5;4 , 5;3 x y =
Bi 53: iu kin 0, 0, 0 x y x y y > + > > . Thay 0 y = vo h thy v l 0 y = .
Chia hai v ca phng trnh th nht ca h cho 0 y = ta c: 1 1 2
x x
y y
+ + = .
t
( )
1, 1 0
x x
a b a b
y y
= + = > > , ta c h sau:
2 2
3
2
2
1
2
2
a
a b
a b
b
=
+ =

=

=

Thay tr li bc t ta tm c
5 5
4 4
x y
x
y
= = .
Thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h:
5 4 5 4
5 3 . 1
4 5 4 5
y
y y x + = = = = .
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
4
; 1;
5
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 54: Thay 0 y = vo phng trnh th nht ca h ta c
2
1 0 x + = , v l 0 y = .
Chia cc v ca h cho 0 y = ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
4
2 2
7
x
x y
y y
x
x y
y y
+ + + =
+ = + +
(1)
n y ta t
2
1
,
x
a b x y
y
+
= = + th h (1) tr thnh:
( )
2 2 2
4 4 4
3 5
1 9 2 4 7 0 2 7 2 15 0
a b a b a b
b b
a a b b b a b b
= + = = = =

v

= = = = + + =

+) Vi
2
2 2
1
3 3
1 1 2 1
3 2 5
1 3 2 0
3
x
y x y x
a x x
y
b y y
x x x x
x y
+
= =
= = = =
v

= = =
+ = + =

+ =
.
+) Vi
( )
2
2 2
1
5 5
9 9
5 1 9 5 9 46 0
5
x
y x y x
a
y
b x x x x
x y
+
= = = =

= + = + + =

+ =

(v nghim)

; 1;2 , 2;5 x y =
Bi 55: Thay 0 y = vo phng trnh th nht thy ngay n khng tho mn 0 y = .
Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi:
( )
( )
( )
3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
2 1. 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 x y y x x y y x y x x x y xy y = = + + =
3 2
2
2
3
2 2 5 0 1 5 0 1
x x x x x x x
x y
y y y y y y y
| |
| | | | | | | |
+ + = + + = = =
|
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
\ .
.
Thay x y = tr li h ta c:

1 x = .
; 1;1 , 1; 1 x y =

Bi 56: Cng cho v theo v hai phng trnh ca h:
2 2
2 2 x x x y y y + + = + + (1)
Xt hm s ( )
2
2 f t t t t = + + trn
| )
0 ;+ . o hm ( )
1
' 2 2 0
2
f t t
t
= + + > nn
( )
f t
ng bin trn
( )
0;+ . Phng trnh (1) c dng
( ) ( )
f x f y x y = = .
Thay x y = tr li h ta c phng trnh
( )
2 3
2 2 1 0 x x x x x x + = + =
( )( )
1 5
1 1 0 1 0
2
x x x x x x x
+
+ = = v = v = (loi v
1 5
0
2
x

= < ,
v l)
3 5
0 1
2
x x x

= v = v = .
3 5 3 5
; 0;0 , 1;1 , ;
2 2
x y
| |

=
|
\ .

Bi 57: a phng trnh th nht ca h v
( )
( )
2
2 4 1 5 2 6 2 x x y y + = (1).
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
2
1 f t t t = + trn . Hm s c o hm
( )
2
' 3 1 0 f t t t = + > e nn hm
s ng bin trn . Phng trnh (1) c dng
( )
( )
2 5 2 f x f y = nn ta c:
2
2
0
2 0
2 5 2
5 4
4 5 2
2
x
x
x y
x
x y y
>
>

=

= =

Th vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:
2
2
2
5 4
4 2 3 4 7
2
x
x x
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
(2).
Nhn thy
3
0,
4
x x = = khng l nghim ca phng trnh (2).
Xt hm s ( )
2
2
2
5 4
4 2 3 4
2
x
g x x x
| |
= + +
|
\ .
trn
3
0;
4
| |
|
\ .
. o hm:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
5 4 4 4
' 8 2. . 4 4 4 3 0
2
3 4 3 4
x
g x x x x x
x x
| |
= + = <
|

\ .
vi mi
3
0;
4
x
| |
e
|
\ .

Suy ra hm s
( )
g x nghch bin trn
3
0;
4
| |
|
\ .
. Ta li c
1
0
2
g
| |
=
|
\ .
nn (2) c nghim
1
2
x = .
Vi
1
2
x = th 2 y = (tha mn).
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
1
; ;2
2
x y
| |
=
|
\ .
( thi i hc khi A nm 2010)
Bi 58: Rt y t phng trnh th hai ca h:
2
2 9 6
7
x x
y
+
= .
Thay vo phng trnh th nht:

2 2 2
2 2
2 9 6 2 9 6 2 9 6
2 . 3 . 4 9.
7 7 7
x x x x x x
x x x
+ + +
+ = +

4 3 2
4 24 31 99 54 0 x x x x + + = ( )( )( )
2
2 2 1 2 9 27 0 x x x x + + = .
Phng trnh ny c 4 nghim nh sau:
+)
16
2
7
x y

= = +)
1 1
2 7
x y

= =
+)
9 297
3
4
x y

= = +)
9 297
3
4
x y
+
= =
Vy h c cc nghim l ( )
16 1 1 9 297
; 2; , ; , ;3
7 2 7 4
x y
| |

| | | |
=
|
| |
\ . \ .
\ .

Bi 59: D dng thy y l mt h cha phng trnh ng cp.
Nu 0 y = , thay vo h thy khng tho mn nn suy ra 0 y = . Tng t, ta c 0 x = .
Th phng trnh th nht vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
( )( )
4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3
2 8 2 8 4 0 12 8 0 x y x y x y xy xy x y yx + + + = + =

( )( ) ( )( )
6 2 0 6 2 0 6 2 xy x y x y x y x y x y x y = = = v =
+) Nu 6 x y = , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h:
3
3 3
1 6
200 1
200 200
y y x = = =
+) Nu 2 x y = , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h:
3
1
8 1 1
2
y y x = = =
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
3 3
1 6 1
; 1; , ;
2
200 200
x y
| |
| |
=
| |
\ .
\ .

Bi 60: Nu 0 x = , thay vo phng trnh th hai thy khng tho mn 0 x = .
Thc hin php chia a h v dng:
2
2
3
3
6
1
19
y y
x x
y
x
+ =
+ =
. t
( )
1
0 z z
x
= = th h li tr thnh:

( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 2 2
2 2
3
3 3 3
3 3 3 3
1
3 1
6 1
1 19 19
19 19
y z
z y z y zy
yz y z y z
y y z y
z y z y
+ = + + + = + = + =

+ = + =
+ = + =

2
1 3 2
2 3 3 3 18 0
z y y y
z z y y
= = =
v

= = =

+) Vi
1
2
2
z x

= = +) Vi
1
3
3
z x = =
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
1 1
; ;3 , ; 2
2 3
x y

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 61: iu kin 2 1 0, 2 x y + > > . a phng trnh th nht v dng sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 x x y y
(
+ + + = + (

(1)
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
2
2 1 f t t t = + trn
| )
0;+ . Hm s c o hm ( )
2
' 6 1 0 f t t = + > nn
( )
f t
ng bin trn
( )
0;+ . Mt khc (1) c dng
( )
( )
2 1 2 f x f y + = nn n tng ng vi
2
2 1 2 4 4 3 x y y x x + = = + + . Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
2
4 2 8 8 14 6 x x x + + + + = (2)
Dng my tnh nhm ngay c nghim
1
2
x = . n y c hai cch gii quyt: dng o hm
(v thy n ng bin) hoc nhn lin hp (p dng cch ny i vi bi ton ny v n cho kt
qu nhanh hn m khng cn l lun qu phc tp nh o hm).
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
4 2 8 8 6
2 4 2 2 8 8 10 4 0 0
4 2 2
8 8 10 4
x x x
x x x
x
x x
+
+ + + + = + =
+ +
+ + +

( )
2
1 2 3 1
4 2 0 4 2 0 6
2
4 2 2
8 8 10 4
x
x x x y
x
x x
| |
+
+ = = = =
|
+ +
+ + +
\ .

(D thy vi
1
2
x

> th
2
1 2 3
2 3 0 0
4 2 2
8 8 10 4
x
x
x
x x
+
+ > + >
+ +
+ + +
)
Vy h c mt nghim ( )
1
; ;6
2
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 62: Nu 0 y = th thay vo phng trnh th nht :
2
1 0 x + = , v l 0 y = .
D dng nhn thy n ph trong bi ton:
( )
2
2 2
2
2
1
1 1
2
2
1
1
x
x y x y xy y
y
y
x y
y
x y
x
x
+
+ + = + + + =

+ =

+ =
+

+

t
( )
2
1
, 0
x
a x y b b
y
+
= + = = th h tr thnh:
( ) ( )
2
1 1
1 1
(VN)
1 1
1 . 2 1 2 1 2 1 0
a b a b
a b a b
b b b a b b b
b b
+ = =

= =

= = = + + =

Vy, h cho v nghim
Bi 63: Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:

( )
4 3 3 2 2
7 7 7 7 9.7 0 x x y y x x y y x + + =
( ) ( )( )
3 2 3 2 2 2
7 9 0 x x x y y xy x y x y x + + = (th s
( )
2 2
7 x y x = )
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
7 9 0 x x y x xy y xy x y x x y x y
(
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
7 9 0 x x y x y x y x y
(
+ + + =

( )( )( )
16 2 0 0 8 x x y x y x y x x y x y y x + = = v = v = v =
Loi ngay 0 x = , x y = v x y = v khi v tri ca phng trnh th hai s bng 0 nn
khng tho mn. Vy ta c 8 y x = . Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
( )
3 3
2 2 3
1 3 8. 3
64 7 8
9 3 3
x x x x x y x = = = = =
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
3 3
3 8. 3
; ;
3 3
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 64: Bin i t hai phng trnh ca h nh sau:

( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2
3 2 3 35 3 4 9 6 12 8 9 27 27 x y x y x y x x x y y y + = + = + + +
( ) ( )
3 3
2 3 2 3 5 x y x y x y = + = + = + .
V vy h cho tng ng vi:

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
5
5
2 10 25 3 4 5 9 0
2 3 4 9 0
x y
x y
y y y y y
x y x y
= +
= +

+ + + + + =
+ + =

2
5 2 3
3 2 5 25 30 0
x y y y
x x y y
= + = =
v

= = + + =

.
; 3; 2 , 2; 3 x y =
Bi 65: iu kin: 0, 0 x y > = .
Phng trnh th nht
( )
2
0
2
x y
x y x y
x y
y x
+

+ + =
=

=

+) Nu y x = , thay vo phng trnh th hai:
( )
2 2
1 1 3 3 x x x + = + .
Nhn thy v tri khng dng, cn v phi th dng nn phng trnh ny v nghim.
+) Nu 2 y x = , thay vo phng trnh th hai:

( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 1 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 x x x x x x + = + + =
( )( )
2 2 2
4 3 2
2 3
2 3
1 4 4 3 3 4
4 4 3 3 4 3 3 0
x
x
x x x x
x x x x
>

>

+ + =
+ + =

Dng my tnh nhm nghim c 3 x = nn ta nhm nh sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 3 2 2 3
4 4 3 4 4 3 3 0 4 4 3 3 0 x x x x x x x x x
(
+ + = + + =

( )
( )
3
3 TM
4 3 3 0 1
x
x x
=

+ =

By gi ta gii phng trnh (1). Dng my tnh gii phng trnh bc 3, ta thy rng c hai
nghim phc v mt nghim
3
0, 45322
2
~ < nn phng trnh ny s khng c nghim thuc
3
;
2
|
+
|
.
. V vy min gi tr ca hm s cha x s khng c gi tr bng 0 nn dng
phng php hm s chng minh phng trnh v nghim:
Xt hm s ( )
3
4 3 3 f x x x = + trn
3
D ;
2
|
= +
|
.
. o hm:
( )
2
' 12 3 0 f x x = + > nn
( )
f x ng bin trn D
3
3
4 3 3 2 3 0
2
x x f
| |
+ > = >
|
\ .
nn (1) v nghim.
Vy 3 2 3 x y = = .
Nh vy nghim ca h l ( )
( )
; 3;2 3 x y =
Cch gii khc: Khi bin i n 2 y x = , ta a phng trnh th hai v:
2
2
1
2 3
x
x
x
+ =

m hm s ( )
2
1 f x x = + ng bin, ( )
2
2 3
x
g x
x
=
nghch bin vi x dng.

Bi 66: iu kin: , 0; 3 0 x y y x > + = . Bin i h nh sau:
12 2
1
3
12 6
1
3
y x
x
y x
y
+ =
+

Cng hai v ta c:
1 3
1
x y
+ = (1). Tr v theo v ta c:
1 3 12
3 y x
x y

=
+
(2)
Nhn v theo v ca (1) vi (2) ta c:
1 9 12 9 12
3 3
y x
x y y x xy y x

= =
+ +

2
2 2
6 27 0 6. 27 0 3 (TM) 9
y y y y
y xy x
x x x x
| |
+ = + = = v =
|
\ .
(loi) (do x, y > 0)
Vi 3 y x = , thay vo
( )
1 ta c:
1 3
1 1 3
3
x
x x
+ = = +
4 2 3 12 6 3 x y = + = + .
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
( )
; 4 2 3;12 6 3 x y = + +
( thi hc sinh gii Quc gia 2007 2008 )
Cch gii khc: ng dng s phc: t ( )
3 , , 0 a x b y a b = = > th h tr thnh
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
12
12
1 2 3
2 3 1
12
12
6 2
1 6
a
a
a
a b
a b
b
b
b
a b
a b
| |

=
=
|

+ \ . +

| |

+ =
+ =
|

+ + \ .

Nhn phng trnh (2) vi i (n v o s phc), sau cng vi phng trnh (1) ta c:
( )
2 2
12
2 3 6
a bi
a bi i
a b
+ = +
+
.
t z a bi z a bi = + = v
2 2
. z z a b = + , t phng trnh trn tr thnh:
( )
2
12. 12
2 3 6 2 3 6 2 3 6 12 0
.
z
z i z i z i z
z z z
= + = + + = .
Ta c:
( )
2
2 3 6 4.12 24 24 3. i i A = + + = + . Mt cn bc hai ca A l 6 2 3.i + nn phng
trnhh c hai nghim l
( ) ( )
12
2 3 6 6 2 3
2
i i
z
+ +
= hay chnh l:
( ) ( )
1
3 3 3 3 z i = + + + (tha mn) v
( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 3 z i = + + (khng tha mn 0 a > )
2
2
4 2 3
3 3 3
12 6 3
a
x
a b
y b
= = +
= = +

= = +

Cch gii ny rt l v kh th v, th nhng so vi cch trn th dng nh cch ny vn
cha pht huy c hiu qu lm nhanh!
Bi 67: iu kin: , x y khng ng thi bng 0. H cho:
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3
3 1
3
0 2
x y
x
x y
y x
y
x y
+
+ =

+) Nu 0 x = , thay vo (1) ta c 1 y = . Thay 1 y = vo (2) thy tho mn.
+) Nu 0 x = . Chia lm hai trng hp:
(+) Nu y = 0. Thay vo (2) ta c
2
3
0
x
x
= , r rng iu ny v l.
(+) Nu 0 y = . Thc hin cc php nhn:
Nhn (1) vi y :
2
2 2
3
3
xy y
xy y
x y
+
+ =
+
(3). Nhn (2) vi x :
2
2 2
3
0
xy x
xy
x y
=
+
(4)
Cng (3) vi (4) c mt kt qu rt p:
2 2
2 2
3 3 3 3
2 3 2 3 3
2
x y y
xy y xy y x
x y y
+
+ = + = =
+

n y chng ta s phi chu kh mt cht i gii phng trnh bc 4. Thay vo (2):

2
2
2
2
9 9
3 3 9 9 2
0 0
2 2
3 3
2
y
y
y y y
y y y y
y y
y
y
y
(
| | | |
= + = (
| |
\ . \ . ( | |

+
|
\ .
.
Nhn hai v vi 4 0 y = ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
4 2 4 2 2 2
9
3 3 4 4 18 18 0 4 5 9 0 kTM 1
4
y y y y y y y y
+ + = + = = v =
3 3
1 0 (kTM)
2
1 3
y
y x
y
y x
= = =

= =

Vy h c hai nghim l ( ) ( ) ( )
; 0;1 , 3; 1 x y =
Bi 68: Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi:
3 3
2 2
x y
x y + = + (1)
Xt hm s
( )
3
2
t
f t t = + trn c o hm
( )
2
' 2 .ln2 3 0
t
f t t = + > nn
( )
f t ng bin.
Ta li c
( ) ( ) ( )
1 f x f y x y = = .
Thay y x = vo phng trnh th nht ta c:
2
4 2 4
4 2 5
x x
x x
+
+ = (2)
Tip tc s dng o hm. Xt hm s ( )
2
4 2 4
4 2
x x
g x x x
+
= + trn .
o hm:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
3 2 4 2 2 4
' 4 4 2 1 .2 .ln2 2 1 2 2 2 2 .ln2
x x x x
g x x x x x x
+ +
= + = + + +
Ta c:
( )
' 0 1 g x x = = (do
2
2 2 4
2 2 2 2 .ln2 0
x x
x x
+
+ + + > ) m
( )
1 5 g = nn (2) ch c 1
nghim 1 x = .
; 1;1 x y =
Bi 69: Nu 0 y = th t phng trnh th nht suy ra 0 x = , thay vo phng trnh th hai thy
khng tho mn nn suy ra 0 y = . Chia 2 v ca phng trnh th nht cho
11
0 y = :
11
11
x x
y y
y y
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
(1).
Xt hm s ( )
11
f t t t = + trn c o hm ( )
10
' 11 1 0 f t t = + > nn ( ) f t ng bin trn .
Mt khc (1)
( )
2
0
x x
f f y y x y
y y
| |
= = = >
|
\ .
. Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 3
2
13 8
6 13 8 2 . 5 2 8 6 2. 5 2 8 0 x x x x x x x x x
x x
+ + = + + + + + + = (2)
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
2
3
2
13 8
6 2. 5 2 8 f x x x x
x x
= + + + + trn
( )
0;+ .
o hm: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 3 2
3
2 3
13 16 1
' 2. . 15 4 8 . 5 2 8 0 0;
3
f x x x x x x x
x x
= + + + + < e + nn
hm
( )
f x nghch bin trn
( )
0;+ .
Mt khc ta li c
( )
2 0 f = nn (2) 2 x = (tho mn) 2 y = .
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
( )
; 2; 2 x y =
Bi 70: Nhn xt: h cha y cc hng t
2 2
, , , , x y xy y x nn ta ngh ngay n hng ng
thc ( )
2
ax by c + + . By gi ta nhn h s vo hai phng trnh mt cch thch hp a v
hng ng thc ny.
S dng phng php h s bt nh ta nhn cc h s nh sau:

( )
2 2
2
25 25 5
200 150 114 50 3 1
x y
x x y x
+ =
+ = +

2 2
225 25 150 114 5 150 50 x y x xy y + + = (cng hai phng trnh li vi nhau)
( ) ( )
2 2
2
15 5 2.15 .5 2.15 .5 2.5 .5 5 144 x y x x y y + + + + + =
( )
2
2
7
3
15 5 5 12
5
15 5 5 12
15 5 5 12 17
3
5
y x
x y
x y
x y
y x
+ + =
+ + =

+ + =

=

+) Nu
7
3
5
y x = , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h:
2
2 2
11 2
7 1 42 44
25 25
3 10 0
2 1 5 5 5 25
5 5
x y
x x x x
x y
= =
| |
+ = + =

|
\ .

= =

+) Nu
17
3
5
y x
= , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h:

2
2 2
17 1 102 284
3 10 0
5 5 5 25
x x x x
| |
+ = + + =
|
\ .
, phng trnh ny v nghim
Nghim ca h l ( )
11 2 2 1
; ; , ;
25 25 5 5
x y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
(Chn HSG Quc gia tnh Ngh An 2010 2011)
Cch gii khc v lu : Phng php h s bt nh vi h phng trnh hai n bc hai nh
th ny chng ta s trnh by Bi 258 ca tp H PHNG TRNH (Phn III). Ta cng
phng trnh th hai vi K ln phng trnh th hai th tm c K =
1
2
v K = 4 .
Bi gii trn ta s dng K =
1
2
.
Vi K = 4 th ta c nh sau:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
57 1
4
100 25 3
3 3 1 4
2
7
75 1 5 5
x x y x x x
y
y
y
y
| |
+ + + +
|
\
+
=
+
.
.
By gi ta th tr li vo phng trnh th nht ca h:

( )
( )
2
2 4 3 2
2
2
100 25 37 1 15625 6250 12525 4100 244
0
75 1 5
75 75
y y y y y y
y
y
y
(
+ + + +
+ = =
(
+
+

( )( )( )
( )
2
2
25 2 5 1 125 85 122
0
75 1
y y y y
y
+ +
=
+
.
n y th mi vic tr nn n gin hn rt nhiu!
Bi 71: iu kin 0 6 x s s .
Tng t Bi 22, ta cng hai v ca h li ta c:
2 4 4
2 2 6 2 2 6 2 2 8 3 2 x x x x y y + + + = + + .
nh gi hai v ca phng trnh ny:
+)
( )
2
VP 2 6 3 2 6 3 2 y = + + > +
+) nh gi v phi:
Nhn xt rng v phi bng 6 3 2 2 x + = , v vy dng im ri trong bt ng thc
Cauchy, ta c:
2
2.
2
x
x
+
s
4 6 10
2. 6
2 2
x x
x
+
s =
4 4
4
1 1 2 2 2 6
2 . 2.2.2. .
4
2 4 2 2.2
x x
x x
+ + + +
= s =
( )
4
4
4
2 1 6 4 4 4 18
2 6 . 6 .4.4.4 .
4
4.4.4 2 4 2
x x
x x
+ + +
= s =
2 10 8 18
VT 6 3 2 VP
2 2
4 2 4 2
x x x x + +
s + + + = + s
( )
2
2
2
2 0
2
6 4
x
x
y
y
x
=

=

=

Vy nghim ca h l ( )
( )
; 2; 2 x y =
Bi 72: Nhn thy 0 y = khng th tho mn h 0 y = .
T phng trnh th nht ca h:
2 2 2
2 0 y x x y + = . Xem y l phng trnh bc hai vi n
x , ta c phng trnh ny c nghim
| |
4 2
' 1 0 1 1;1 y y y A = > s e (1).
T phng trnh th hai ca h, ta suy ra:
( )
3 3
' 4 2 3 0 1 1 y y y A = + > s s (2).
T (1) v (2) suy ra 1 y = . Thay tr li h ta c:
2
2
2 1 0
1
2 4 2 0
x x
x
x x
+ =
+ =

; 1; 1 x y =
Bi 73: T h, ta nhn thy c
4 3 2
, , , x x x x v
4 3 2
, , , y y y y nn ta s tm cch a h v dng:
( ) ( )
4 4
x a y b + = + . Khi khai trin hng ng thc ( )
4
4 3 2 2 3 4
4 6 4 a b a a b a b ab b + = + + + + ,
thy rng h ny c iu kin nhm c hng ng thc bc 4:

4 4 4 4
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
240 240
3 4 2 12 32 8 24 32 16 96 256
x y x y
x x x y y y x x x y y y
= + = +

+ = + + = +

4 3 2 4 3 2
8 24 32 16 96 256 240 x x x x y y y y + = + + +
( ) ( )
4 4
4 3 2 4 3 2
8 24 32 16 16 96 256 256 2 4 x x x x y y y y x y + + = + + =
2 4 2 4 x y x y = v = 2 6 x y x y = v =
+) Nu 2 x y = , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h ta c:
( ) ( )( )
4
4 3 2 2
2 240 8 24 32 224 0 2 5 14 0 2 4 y y y y y y y y y x = + + = + + = = =
+) Nu 6 x y = , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h ta c:
( )
4
4 2 3 3 2
6 240 1296 864 216 24 240 9 36 44 0 y y y y y y y y = + = + =
( )( )
2
2 7 22 0 2 4 y y y y x + = = =
; 4;2 , 4; 2 x y = ( thi hc sinh gii Quc gia 2010 2011)
Bi 74: iu kin 1 1, 0 2 x y s s s s .
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 1 1 y y x x
(
+ = + + +

(1).
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
2
1 f t t t = + trn . Hm s c o hm ( )
2
' 3 1 0 f t t t = + > e nn
( )
f t
ng bin trn . Mt khc (1) c dng
( ) ( )
1 1 f y f x y x = + = + .

( )
2
2
1 1 2 1 2 2 1 y y y y y y y = = (iu kin 0 2 y s s )
2
2 2 1 0 y y y y + = . t
2 2
2 2 2 2 a y y a y y = + = ( 2 a > )
Phng trnh lc ny tr thnh:
( ) ( )
2
2
2
1 0 2 0 0 kTM 2 TM
2
a
a a a a a
= = = v =
Vi
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 a y y a y y y y y x = = = = + = = =
; 0;1 x y = ( thi chn hc sinh gii tnh Ngh An 2010 2011)
Bi 75: Bin i phng trnh th nht ca h xut hin nhn t chung:

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 x x y x y x x y x y + = + + + + =
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 1 0 2 1 0 do 2 0 2 1 x x y x y x x y + = = + > = +
( )
3 2
2 3 ln 1 0 y y y y + + + + + = .
Tng t Bi 12, ta gii tm c 1 0 y x = = .
; 0; 1 x y =
Bi 76: iu kin
2
2 1 0 x y > .
Nhn lt qua ta thy ngay phng trnh th nht c nhn t chung x y :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
3 2 2 2 2
2 0 2 0 2 0 x x y y xy x x y y x y x y x y + = = =
+) Nu
2
2 0 x y = khng tha mn iu kin.
+) Nu x y = , thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:

( )
2 3 2 3 3
2 2 1 14 2 2 2 1 2 14 x x x x x x x x + = =
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3
3
2
2
2
3 3 3
3
2 14
2 2 1
2 14 2 . 14
x x
x x
x x x x

=
+ +

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
3 3 3
3
6 12 6
2 2 1
2 14 2 . 14
x x
x x
x x x x
+ +
=
+ +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
3 3 3
3
6 2 1
2 2 1 0
2 14 2 . 14
x x
x x
x x x x

+ =
+ +

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
3 3 3
3
3 2 1
2 1 1 0
2 14 2 . 14
x x
x x
x x x x
| |

|
+ =
|
|
+ +
\ .

2
2 1 0 1 2 x x x = = .
Nghim ca h l ( )
( ) ( )
; 1 2;1 2 , 1 2;1 2 x y = + +
Bi 77: iu kin
| |
, 1;1 x ye .
T nhng iu hin nhin ng sau:
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
1 0 1 2 1
1 1 1
1 0 1 2 1
x y x y x y
x y y x
y x y x y x
> + >

+ s
`
> + >
)

Vy nn phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:
| |
2
2
1
, 0;1
1
x y
x y
y x
( )( )
0 1 1
0 1 1 2
1 1 2
x
x y
y
s s
s + s
s + s

Vy ta li c phng trnh th hai ca h phi tng ng vi
1 1 0
1 2 1
x x
y y
= =

+ = =

Thay tr li h ta thy tho mn.
; 0;1 x y =
Cch gii khc: Cch gii trn dng cho nhng bn kh tinh trong vic nhn nhn bt ng
thc. Cch gii sau s mang tnh h thng hn:
t
| | ( ) | |
2 2
2 2
1 sin sin
cos , cos , 0; (do , 0; )
1 sin sin
x a a
x a y b a b a b
y b b
t t
= =
= = e e
= =
.
H tr thnh:
( )( )
( )
( )( )
| |
( )( ) ( )
sin 1 cos .sin sin .cos 1 (do , 0;
2
1 cos 1 cos 2
1 cos 1 cos 2
1 cos 1 sin 2 2
a b a b a b a b a b
a b
a b
a a
t
t
+ = + = + = e

+ =
+ =

+ =

Gii phng trnh
( )
2 vi 0;
2
a
t
(
e
(

:
( )
2 sin cos sin .cos 1 0 a a a a = .
t
( )
2
1
sin cos 2 sin .cos
2
t
t a a t a a

= s = , phng trnh trn tr thnh:
2
2
1
1 0 2 3 0 1 (TM) 3
2
t
t t t t t
= + = = v = (loi).
Vi ( )
2
1
4 4
1 sin cos 1 sin
3 4
2
2
4 4
a k
t a a a k
a k
t t
t
t
t t
t
= +
| |
= = = e
|
\ .

= +
.
Vi iu kin 0;
2
a
t
(
e
(

th h thng trn ch c mt nghim l 0
2 2
a b a
t t
= = = .
Vy cos cos 0, cos cos0 1
2
x a y b
t
= = = = = = .
* Nhn thy rng
| |
, 1;1 x ye , ta ngh ngay n vic i bin v hm sin, cos.
Bi 78: Rt xy t phng trnh th hai:
2
6 6
2
x x
xy
+
= . Thay vo phng trnh th nht:
4
2 2
4 2 4 3 2
6 6 6 6
2 . 2 9 12 48 64 0
2 2
x x x x
x x x x x x x
| | + +
+ + = + + + + =
|
\ .

( )
3
4 0 0 4 x x x x + = = v = .
+) Nu 0 x = , khng tho mn. +) Nu 4 x = , thay vo h tm c
17
4
y = .
Vy nghim ca h l ( )
17
; 4;
4
x y
| |
=
|
\ .
( thi i hc Khi B nm 2008 2009 )
Bi 79: Xem phng trnh th hai ca h nh l phng trnh bc hai n x, tham s y :
( )
2 2
7 6 14 0 x y x y y + + + = (*).
(*) c nghim ( ) ( )
2
2 2
0 7 4 6 14 0 3 10 7 0
x
y y y y y A > + > + >
7
1
3
y s s .
Tng t xem phng trnh l phng trnh bc hai n y, tham s x :
( )
2 2
6 7 14 0 y x y x x + + + = (**).
(**) c nghim ( ) ( )
2
2 2
0 6 4 7 14 0 3 16 20 0
y
x x x x x A > + > + >
10
2
3
x s s .
Vy ta c
7
1;
3
y
(
e
(

v
10
2;
3
x
(
e
(

. Phng trnh th nht ca h
1 1 7
2 2
2
x y
x y
| |
| |
=
| |
\ .
\ .
.
Xt hm s
( )
1
2 f x x
x
= trn
10
2;
3
(
(

c o hm
( )
2
1
' 2 0 f x
x
= + > nn
( )
f x ng bin
trn
( )
10 1 10
2; 2 2
3 3
f x f
x
| | | | | |
s s
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
hay chnh l
7 1 191
2
2 30
x
x
| |
s s
|
\ .
(1).
Tng t, ta c
( )
1 7
1 2
3
f y f
y
| |
| |
s s
| |
\ .
\ .
hay chnh l
1 89
1 2
21
y
y
| |
s s
|
\ .
(2).
T (1) v (2)
1 1 7
2 2
2
x y
x y
| |
| |
>
| |
\ .
\ .
. Vy nn phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi:
( ) ( )
; 2;1 x y = . Thay tr li vo h thy khng tho mn.
Vy h cho v nghim
Bi 80: Phng trnh th nht: cos cos cos cos x y x y x x y y = = (1)
Xt hm s
( )
cos f t t t = trn . o hm
( )
' 1 sin 0 f t t = + > nn
( )
f t ng bin trn .
Mt khc (1) c dng
( ) ( )
f x f y x y = = . Thay vo phng trnh th hai:
( )( )
3 2
3 18 0 3 3 6 0 3 x x x x x x = + + = = (d thy
2
3 6 0 x x + + > )
; 3;3 x y =
Bi 81: Nu 0 x = th 0 y = v ngc li nn
( )
0;0 l mt nghim ca h.
Vi 0, 0 x y = = . Thc hin php chia cho xy v
2 2
x y ta c:
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
18
18
I
1 1
1 1
208
212
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
x y
+ + + =
+ + + =

| |
| |

+ + + =
+ + + =
| |

\ .
\ .

t
( )
1 1
, 2, 2 a x b y a b
x y
= + = + > > th h
( )
I tr thnh:
( )
2
2 2 2 2
18
18 18 4 14
14 4 212 18 56 0 18 212
b a
a b b a a a
b b a b a a a a
=
+ = = = =
v

= = + = + = + =

+) Nu
2
2
1
4
4 4 1 0 2 3
1
14
14 1 0
7 4 3
14
x
a x x x
x
b
y y
y
y
y
+ =

= + = =

=
+ =
=

+ =

+) Tng t, nu
14 7 4 3
4
2 3
a x
b
y
= =

=
=

Vy h c 9 nghim l ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
; 0;0 , 2 3;7 4 3 , 7 4 3;2 3 x y =
Bi 82: iu kin: 0 1; 0 ; 0 y xy xy y s s > > .
Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi: 1 2 1 1 y xy y y y = + > > . Kt hp
vi iu kin ta phi c 1 y = . Thay vo h ta c:
1
1
2 1 1 1
x
x
x
.
Th li thy
( )
1;1 l nghim ca h.
; 1;1 x y =
Bi 83: Bin i a h v:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
4 3 7 1
6 7 2
x x y y
y y x
+ =
+ =

T (2) suy ra 0 y > (do
2 2
6 0 y x + > ) 7 0 0 y x > > .
a h v dng sau:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 2 3 2 2 3
3 2 3 2
3 2
4 2 7 1
4 3 7 4 6 3 7 7
6 7 6 7
6 7 3
x y x xy y y
x xy y x x y xy y y
y x y y x y
y x y
+ =
+ = + =

+ = + =
+ =

D thy ( )
2
2 2 2
4 2 3 0 x xy y x x y + = + > (do , 0 x y > )
+) Nu
( ) ( )
1 7 1 0 0 1 y y x y x y x > > > > > .
Vi 1, 1 x y > > th ta li c
3 2
6 1 6 7 y x y + > + = , tri vi (3), loi.
+) Tng t vi 1 y < , loi nt.
+) Vi 1 y = , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h trn ta c 1 x = .
Th li, ta thy
( )
1;1 l nghim ca h phng trnh.
; 1;1 x y =
Bi 84: Nhn hai v ca phng trnh th hai vi 3 ri cng vi phng trnh th nht ta c:

3 2 2 2
3 3 24 3 49 24 51 x xy x xy y y x + + + = +
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
3 51 49 3 3 24 24 0 x x x xy y xy y + + + + + + =
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 49 3 1 24 1 0 x x x y x y x + + + + + + =
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 2 1 3 24 48 0 1 1 3 4 0 x x x y y x x y
(
+ + + + + = + + + =

( ) ( )
1 ; 1;4 x x y = v = .
Thy rng
( )
1;4 l mt nghim ca h nn ta xt trng hp cn li 1 x = :
Thay 1 x = tr li h ta c:
2
2
2
1 3 49
16 4
1 8 8 17
y
y y
y y y
=
= =
+ + = +

Vy h c hai nghim ( ) ( )
; 1; 4 x y = ( thi hc sinh gii Quc gia 2004 2005)
Cch gii khc: t , ,
2 2
u v u v
u x y v x y x y
+
= + = = = , thay vo h ta a v h
phng trnh mi. Sau cng hai v a v hng ng thc bc 3 (s hi phc tp vi nhng
bn cha quen bin i phc tp ).
Bi 85: Dng qu quen thuc: mt phng trnh ng cp. Th s 12 phng trnh th nht:
( )
3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3
2 8 0 2 8 0 x xy y x y x x y xy y + + + = + + + = (1)
D thy 0 y = khng tho mn h 0 y = . Chia hai v ca (1) cho
3
0 y = :
3 2
2
2
2 8 0 2 4 0 2 2
x x x x x x x
x y
y y y y y y y
| | | | | | | | | |
+ + + = + + + = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .\ .

(thy rng
2
2
2
1 15
4 0
2 4
x x x
y y y
| |
+ + = + + >
|
\ .
)
Thay 2 x y = vo phng trnh th hai ca h ban u:
2 2 2
1 2
8 4 12 1
1 2
y x
y y y
y x
= =
+ = =

= =

Vy h c hai nghim l ( ) ( ) ( )
; 1; 2 , 1;2 x y =
Bi 86: Li l h cha phng trnh ng cp. Qu quen ri nh .
Nghim ca h l ( )
6 6 6 6
; ; , ;
2 2 2 2
x y
| | | |

=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 87: Thm mt h cha phng trnh ng cp na.
Nghim ca h l ( ) ( ) ( )
; 0;1 , 1;0 x y =
Bi 88: Cch gii phng trnh ny rt quen thuc:
Thy 0 y = khng tho mn h 0 y = . Vi 0 y = th h tng ng vi:

( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3
3 3
3
3
2 2 2
2 2
2
5 5 125
3 9 3 9 27. 9
5 5 5 5
45. 75. 6
3 . 3 . 6 3. 3 . 3.3 . 18
x x x
y y y
x x
x x x x
y y
y y y y

| | | |
+ = + = + =
| |
\ . \ .

| | | |
+ =
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( )
2 2 3
3 2
3
3 3
3
3 3
5
5 5 5 5
3 3
3 3. 3 . 3.3 . 27 3 27
125
125 125
27 9
27 9 27 9
x
x x x x
y
y y y y
x
x x
y
y y

| | | | | |
+ =
+ + + = + =
| | |

\ . \ . \ .

+ =
+ = + =

( )
3
2 3
1
5
5
2
3 3
3 3
3
3
5
5
2 9 9 0 27 3 3 9
2
x
x
x
x
y
y
y y
x x x x

=
=
=
=

v

= =
+ = + =

Vy nghim ca h l ( )
2 1 5
; ;5 , ;
3 3 2
x y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 89: Phn tch: Trong cc phng php gii h ta tng gp, nu ta s dng php th y
4

phng trnh th nht bng x
3
2x
2
+ 2x th ta s nhn c mt phng trnh bc 6. Vn c
th nhm c mt s nghim ca h ny, th nhng dng s Hocne chia a thc th
( lm gim bc ca phng trnh) c l rng hi phc tp (cha th lm nhng c l s phc
tp). Cn nu ta dng cc php nhn c lng a v dng ( ) ( )
4 4
x a y b + = + th s khng
lm c do h s ca
4
x v
4
y l dng m chng li cng mt v, th nn khi chuyn v
th s khng a c v dng ny. o hm? Nu th th ch dng c phng trnh th
hai. Th nhng vic ny khng thc hin c do bn v phi ch c
2
y , m v phi khng th
a v dng ny. Vy ch dng c phng php nh gi. a h v:
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
2 2 2
4 2
3 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
1 1
2 2 1 1
1 1 1 2
x x y
x y
x x x y
x x x y
+ =
=

+ =
+ =

+) Nu
2
1 y > th t (2) suy ra 1 x > v t (1) suy ra
2
1 0 1 1 x x < < < , mu thun.
+) Tng t
2
1 y < , ta cng nhn c iu mu thun.
+) Nu
2
1 1 y y = = , thay vo h tm c 1 x = .
; 1; 1 x y =
Bi 90: Kh khn khi gii phng trnh ny bi v ta khng s dng c php th. Dng th
iu kin c nghim ca phng trnh bc hai cng khng nh gi c. Khng th dng hm
s v cha xy ( phng trnh th nht) v
2
x y ( phng trnh th hai). Cn bin i kho
lo:
+) Nu 0 x = th 0 y = .
+) Nu 0 x = . Ta chia hai v ln lt 2 phng trnh ca h cho
2
, x x , ta c:
2
2
2
1 2 1 0
4 3 0
6 3 0
y y
y x x y
x x
y
y
x y
x y
x
x
| |
= + + + + =
|
\ .

| |
| |

+ + =
+ + =
|
|

\ .
\ .

Gii h ny ta c cc nghim:
+)
1
0 0
1 1
y
x x
x x
y y

+ = + =

= =

, v l do
1
2 x
x
+ >
+)
2
4
4
3
4
3 3 4 0
4
y y
y
x
x
x x x
y
x
=

=
+ =

+ = + =

=

, v nghim nt.
; 0;0 x y =
Bi 91: Phn tch: Nhn xt phng trnh th nht ca h cha cn bc hai ca cc hm tm
gi l hm ng cp bc hai (hay hm ng bc) i vi , x y (hm s ch cha
2 2
, , x y xy m
khng cha h s t do v , x y ). M cn ca mt hm bc ng cp hai ta coi nh l hm bc
nht. Bn v phi l hm bc nht. Vy hai v ca phng trnh ng bc. V vy ta p dng
cch gii phng trnh ng bc. Cha th chia ngay hai v cho x (hay cho y) v khng bit x
m hay dng m a vo du cn.V vy ta bnh phng vi iu kin 0 x y + > , ta c:

( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
5
2 2
6 3 6
x y x y x xy y
xy
x y xy
+ + + +
+ + = + +
( )( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
10 12
6
x y x xy y
x y xy
+ + +
+ + = (1)
Tip tc bnh phng cng c, th trc ht nhng ta nn a v mt n d nhn. D thy
0 x = khng tho mn h nn chia hai v ca (1) cho
2
x (
2
x c th a vo du cn) ta c:
2 2
2
2
10 12
1 . 1 1
6
y y y y y
x x x x x
(
(
| | | |
+ + = + + +
(
| | (
\ . \ .
(

t
y
t
x
= , th phng trnh trn tr thnh:
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
12
1 10 1 1 * 1 10 24 1 1
6
t t t t t t t t t t + + = + + + + + = + + +
( )
4 3 2 2 3 4
20 102 20 1 24 1 2 t t t t t t t t + + + + = + + + +
( ) ( )
2
4 3 2 2
25 4 6
23 4 54 4 23 0 1 23 50 23 0 1
23
t t t t t t t t t

+ + + = + + = = v =
Th li thy ch 1 t = tho mn phng trnh (*). Vi 1 t x y = = . Thay vo phng trnh th
hai ca h ta c:
2 2
2 5 3 4 5 3 x x x x x + + = . Tip tc dng bin i h qu:
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 4 3 2 4 2 3 2
2 5 3 4 5 3 2 5 3 16 25 9 40 24 30 x x x x x x x x x x x x x + + = + + = + + +
( )( )( )
4 3 2 2
14 45 2 30 9 0 3 2 1 7 5 3 0 x x x x x x x x + + = + =
1 5 109
3
2 14
x x x

= v = v = .
Th li thy ch 3 x = h ban u.
; 3;3 x y =
Cch gii khc: Vi nhng ngi c phn x v pht hin nhn t chung nhanh th ta thc
hin php nhn lin hp sau vi x khc y :

2 2 2 2
0
2 2 3 2
x y x y x xy y x y
| | | |
+ + + + +
+ = | |
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3 4 2 4
0
2 2 3 2
x y x y
x xy y x y
x y x y x xy y x y
+ +
+ + +

+ =
+ + + + +
+ +

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
0
2 2 3 3
x y x y
x y x y x xy y x y

+ =
+ + + + + + +

Vi x khc y th hai mu thc trn u dng!
Mt cch khc ngn gn hn nhiu l dng bt ng thc:
2 2
2 2
x y x y + +
> v
2 2
3 2
x xy y x y + + +
> .
Hn na, vic nhn nhn phng trnh ng cp cng kh quan trng tm c li gii nhanh
v hay nht. Ta thy:
2 2 2 2 2
2 5 3 4 5 3 6 . 2 5 3 2 5 3 0 x x x x x x x x x x x + + = + + + + + + =
y l mt phng trnh ng cp rt d gii!
Bi 92: iu kin 0 x y + > . Vi iu kin ny phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng vi:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 0 x y x y xy x y x y x y x y x y x y + + + = + + + + + + + =
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 0 1 0 x y x y x y x y x y x y x y + + + + + = + + + + =
1 x y + = (do 0 x y + > nn
2 2
0 x y x y + + + > ) (tha mn)
Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
( )
2 2
1 1 2 0 1 2 x x x x x x = + = = v =
Nu 1 1 0 x y x = = = Nu 2 1 x y = =
; 1;0 , 2; 1 x y =
Bi 93: t
1 y
t xy
x t
= = . Lc ny h tr thnh:
( )
( )
2
5 3 2 4 3
5 4 0 *
t y t y
y
y t
t
+ = +
| |
+ + =
|
\ .

Cng hai v ca h ny li ta c: ( )
2
2 2
1
. 1 3 3 2 0 y y t t
t
| |
+ + + =
|
\ .

( )
1
+) Nu 1 t = th
( )
1 tr thnh 2 0 = , v l.
+) Nu 1 t = . Xem nh y l phng trnh n y tham s t c bit thc:
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
1
9 1 8 . 1 1
y
t t t
t
| |
A = + + = +
|
\ .
nn phng trnh c nghim
( ) ( )
2
3 3 1
1
2 1
t t
y
t
+ +
=
| |
+
|
\ .

hay chnh l
2
2
1
t
y
t
=
+
hoc
2
1
t
y
t
=
+
.
(+) Nu
2
2
1
t
y
t
=
+
, thay vo
( )
* ta c:
2
4 5 4 0 t t + = , v nghim.
(+) Nu
2
1
t
y
t
=
+
, thay vo
( )
* ta c:
2
1
1 2
2
5 4 0
16 5
4
5 4
t xy y x
t t
t xy y x
= = = =
+ =

= = = =

Vy nghim ca h l ( )
1 5 16
, 2; , ;
2 4 5
x y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 94: H cho vit li thnh
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
5
4
5
4
x y xy x y xy
x y xy
+ + + + =
+ + =

t
2
, u x y v xy = + = th h trn c tr thnh:
2
2
2
2
5 1
0 1
0
0
4 2
5
5
5 5 3
4
4
4 2
u u v u v uv u u u uv
u
v u v
u v
u v v

= v = + + + = = =

=
= + =
+ =

+ = =

(*) Nu
2 2
3
3
3
5
0
0
4
5 5
5
25
4 4
16
x
x y y x
u
v
xy x
y
=
+ = =
=
=
= =

(*) Nu
( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
2 2
2
3
3 3
1 2 2 3 0
2
2 2
x u x y
y x
y
x x x v xy

= = + =
=

=

+ + = = =

Vy nghim ca h l ( )
3 3
3 5 25
; 1; , ;
2 4 16
x y
| |
| |
=
|
|
\ .
\ .

Bi 95: u tin tm iu kin xc nh ca h phng trnh: 9 x y > .
T phng trnh th nht ca h suy ra 3 x y x y s s9.
Vy nn ta phi c 9 x y = .
Th 9 9 x y x y = = + vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c: 9 8 0 1 y y y + + = = .
Nu 1 8 y x = = . Th li thy nghim ny tho mn h ban u.
; 8; 1 x y =
Bi 96: Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng vi:

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 0 1 2 1 0 xy x y x y xy x y xy xy + + + = + =
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 0 1 2 xy x y xy x y + = = v + =
* Nu 1 xy = , thay vo phng trnh th nht ta c:
( )
( )
2 2 3 2 2 2
5 4 3 2 0 5 4 3 2 2 0 x y xy y xy x y y x xy y x xy + + = + =
( )
( )
2
2 2
3 6 3 0 3 0 0 y x xy y y x y y x y + = = = v =
(+) Thy rng 0 y = khng tha mn 1 xy = .
(+) Nu
2
1 1 x y xy x x = = = = .
Th hai nghim
( ) ( )
1;1 , 1; 1 ta thy u tha mn.
* Nu ( )
2 2
2 * x y + = , ta th vo s 2 phng trnh th nht c:

( )
( )
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
5 4 3 0 2 5 4 0 x y xy y x y x y y xy x y x + + + = + =
( )( )
2
2 0 2 y x y x x y x y = = v = ( xt)
Vi 2 x y = , thay vo
( )
* ta c
2
10 2 10
5 5
5 2
2 10 2 10
5 5
y x
y
y x
= =

= =

Vy h c 4 nghim ( ) ( ) ( )
10 2 10 10 2 10
; 1;1 , 1; 1 , ; , ;
5 5 5 5
x y
| | | |

=
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 97: iu kin x y > .
Chuyn h v dng sau:
( ) ( )
2
9 2
2 2 41
x y x y
x y x y
= +
+ =

n y ta t ( )
, 2 , 0 a x y b x y a b = = + > th h trn tr thnh:

( )
2 2
2 2 2
9
9 9
2 18 81 41
2 41 36 203 0
a b
a b a b
b b b
b a b b
=
= =

+ =
= + =

7
2
b
a
=
(tha mn)
29
20 0
b
a
=
v

= <
(khng tha mn)

Vi
11
4
2 2 1
3
3 4 7 7 5 1
2 7
3
y
x y
x y a y
y b x
x y
x
=
= +
= = =

v

+ = = =
+ =

1 11
, 5;1 , ;
3 3
x y

| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 98: iu kin
2
2
, 0, 4 3 0
3
x y x y > > + > .
Ta thy rng kh m khai thc c nhn t chung phng trnh th hai m ch c th
phng trnh th nht. Phng trnh th nht tng ng vi:
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2
2
x y
x y y y xy x y x y x
x y y
+ = = +
+ +
(do 2 0 x y y + + > )
( )
1
2 0
2
x y y x x y
x y y
| |
+ + = =
|
|
+ +
\ .
(d thy
1
2 0
2
y x
x y y
+ + >
+ +
).
Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
( )
2 2
4 3 1 3 2 4 3 3 2 1 x x x x x x x x + + = + + = +
n y ta t
1
3 2 , 1 0,
3
u x v x u v

| |
= = > >
|
\ .
th phng trnh trn tr thnh:
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
0 0
0
2
2 0 0 2
2 2
u v u v
u v
u v u v
u u v u u v
u v u v uv
+ > + >
+ >
+ = +

= = v =
+ = + +

(*) Nu
2 1
0
3 3
u x v

= = = , khng tha mn 0 u v + > , loi.
(*) Nu
( )
2
2 2 2
1 0
0 1
0
2
2
4 4 11 6 0 3 2 4 1
x
v x
u v
x
u v
u v x x x x
>
> >
+ >

=

=
= + = =

, 2;2 x y =
Bi 99: Vit li h di dng ng cp:
( )
2 2
2 2
2 3
I
3 2
x xy y y x
x xy y x y
+ =
+ =

thay i cch gii mt cht, ta s gii theo cch sau:
TH1: Nu 0 x = , thay vo h
( )
I ta tm c 0 y = .
TH2: Nu 0 x = , ta t
( )
y t x t = e , thay vo h
( )
I ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 3 1
II 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 *
1 3 1 2
x t t x t
t t t t t t
x t t x t
+ =
+ = +
+ =

(d thy
1
3
t = khng tha mn h v
( )
2
2
2 2 1 1 0 t t t + = + > nn ta c th nhn cho)
( )
3 2 3 2 3 2
* 9 6 2 1 2 3 5 2 7 3 7 3 0 t t t t t t t t t + + = + + + =

( )( )( )
3
1 1 7 3 0 1 1
7
t t t t t t + = = v = v = .
(+) Nu 1 t = , thay vo h (II) tm c 1 1 x y = = .
(+) Nu 1 t = , thay vo h (II) tm c 1 1 x y = = .
(+) Nu
3
7
t = , thay vo h tm c
7 3
43 43
x y = = .
Vy h c 4 nghim l ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
7 3
, 0;0 , 1;1 , 1; 1 , ;
43 43
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 100: Thy rng 0 x = th hai phng trnh ca h mu thun. Do 0 x = .
Lc ny h tng ng vi:

2 2
2 2 2
2
2
7 1 1 7
7 1 1 1
7 2
1 1 2 1 10
10 10
y y
xy x y y y
x x x x
y y y
y y y
y y
x x x
x x x x x

= + + = + + = +

| | | |
+ = | | | | | |
| |
= =
| | | \ . \ .

\ . \ . \ .

2
7 1 0
7 1 0
7 1 0
1 1
16
13 3
39 1 0
13 3
xy x y
xy x y
xy x y
y y
y y
x y x y
x x
x x
=

| |
= v = = v = + + =

|
\ .

( ) ( )
2 2
13 3
1
, 1; , 3; 1
3 13 6 1 0 (VN) 3 4 1 0
x y x y
x y
y y y y
= =

| |
v =

|
+ = = \ .

Vy h c hai nghim l ( ) ( )
1
, 1; , 3; 1
3
x y

| |
=
|
\ .

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H Vn Din THPT Thi Lo Ti liu v h phng trnh Trang 1

H PHNG TRNH (Phn I)

, thay vo phng trnh th hai gii phng trnh bc 4.

. D thy rng 0 y < (v nu 0 y > th v tri

nghch bin vi x dng.

= , thay vo phng trnh th nht ca h:

(khng tha mn)

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