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1) [{.tp.apd; fw;wJ flysT njhlu; Mrpupah; J.fNzrd; mtHfSf;F

vOjpa fbjj;jpd; efy;...................................................................................... 1-5
2) fpd;d]{f;F xU filrpf; fbjk; (27.04.2005 Njjpap;l;lJ).. 7-43
3) ,we;jtd; fz; fs; mtd; gpwe;j Njjpiar; nrhy;fpd;wd(f.f.ng.nr-1).. 44
4) ,J elf;ff; $bajh> eil Kiwr; rhj;jpak; nfhz;lJ jhdh?............. 20-22
5) fiyf;fjpu;g; ngl;br; nra;jpfs; (2) news about constant gene...................... 23
6) Cap&l;lf;$bait my;yJ rkhjp fl;Lgit 24-30
7) Nlhgikd; Jwtpfs;> rpw;wpd;gthjpah? Ngupd;gthjpah?; .................. 31-33
8) 140 tUl re;Njfj;ijj; njspT gLj;jpa jla mwptpay;
gupNrhjidKiw..................................................... ....................................
9) neg;Nghypad; tPo;r;rpAk; gq;Fr;re;ijapy; mjd; vjpnuhypAk;....................
10) 13.08.2000 Njjpapl;l thu kyH-mDuhj ukddpd; md;Gld;
me;juq;fk;; kPjhd tpkHrdk;;;; ;;;; ;;;; ;;;; ............. 55
11) czu;r;rp vd;gJk; xU tifapy; Mw;wy; gpok;Ng. 56
(xU mHj;jj;jpy; ,J Rthkp tpNtfhde;jh; tpl;Lr; nrd;w xU
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,tu;fSf;F vOjpa fbj efy; (Njjpapl;lJ.). ................................
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,J Fwpj;j ,d; fk;kpq; nyl;lH]; .............................................................
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M). ,J tp]ak; Fwpj;j fpd;d]pd; Kjy; gjpy; fbjk;. (03.06.1998). 63
,). ,J tp]ak; Fwpj;j fpd;d]pd; ,uz; lhtJ gjpy; fbjk;.
(18.08.1998 Njjpapl;lJ.). 64
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kWjypg;Gf; fbjk; 65
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,ijg; gbf; Fk; vtH xUtUf; Fkhd rpy mwpKf thHj;ijfs;.

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nfhs;s tpUk;GtJ vd;dntd;why;> jaT nra;J ,jw;F Ke;ija jq;fsJ
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ntw;wpaila jk;khy; ,ad;w jkJ gq;fspg; ig toq;fyhk; . my;yJ ekf;nfjw;F
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Mdhy; xd;W> jdp kdpj Kaw;rpaha; ,ijr; nray;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ> mjpYk;
ruhrup ru;ittYf;Nfg; ngUk; Nghuhl;lk; elj;j Ntz;bAs;s vd; Nghd;w kdpjd;
xUtdpd; khu;f; ]pag; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F ,J rw;Wk; fl;Lgbahfhj xU tp~ak; .
vd;gjhNyNa xU FOg; gzpaha; (Bk; tu;f;fha;-team work ) nra;Nthk; vd xj;jf;
fUj;Js; Nshiuj; NjLk; Kaw;rpaha; ,ijj; jkpo; cyfr; r%fj;jpd; Kd;> mjd;
nghJ ntspg; ghu;itapy; itj;Js;Nsd;. ,dp ,e;jf; fbjf; fl;LiufSf;Fs;
ePq;fNs nrd;W Ngha; ghu;j;J KbT nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.


(vdJ miyNgrpj; njhlu;G vzfs;;;;; ;: +918670244879> +918760304889> +919585025889)
ghyg;gl;b>
24.08.2013.

md;Gs; s J.fNzrd; ]hH mtHfSf;F>


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,g;NghJ (KOg; Gj;jfj;ijAk; gbj;j gpd;) GupfpwJ.. mjd; fhuzkhfNt mg;NghJ
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NghdhYk;) jtw tpl;L tpl;Nld; vd;W $lf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

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NghJ jw;NghJ jq;fSf;F taJ 47 ,Uf;fyhk; vd epidf;fpNwd;. ehDk; rw;Nwwf;
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status uP jpapyhd xU xg;gPL vONkNadhy; ehd; rw;W (rw;nwd;d mjy ghjhs)
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cs; sJ?

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ghu;g;NghNk ehKk; rw;W vd xU Nrhjid Kaw;rpaha; jhd; ,ij thrf
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nfhs;sth kWf;fg; NghfpNwd;?

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gps;isahH Rop Kaw;rpaha; vq;fpUe;jhtJ vg;gbahtJ Muk;gpj;J jhNd Mf
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,tw;iw kl;LNk rhu;e;jJ.

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$l ,of;f NeupLkh? ,y;iy

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Njhd;w tha;g;G ,y;iy jhd;.

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KjypNyNa XusT njspTgLj;jptpl Ntz;baJ ek; flik. gpd; eLtopapy;
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KjypNyNa $wtpy;iy vd;W> ,g;gbnay;yhk; mq;fyha;j;J myl;bf; nfhs;tjpy;
xU gpuNahrdKkpy;iy my;yth?

mg;g KOf;f Kof;f ,J xU rhfr Jzpfu Kaw;rp Nghy; jhdh? up];f; vLf;f
mQ;Rgtu;fSf;F vy;yhk; ,jpy; ,lNk ,y;iyah? vdpy;> VNjh rl;lj;Jf; Fg;
Gwk;ghd xU epoy; NtiyNah? mg;gb vd;d jhd; g;nuhg;Nghry; ,J? ,g;gbAk;
Nfs;tpfs; (,e;Neuk; ngUthupahf ,j;jifa Nfs;tpfs; jhd;) Kisj;njOe;jpUf;ff;
$Lk;. gjpy; vd;dNth xd;W jhd;. midtu;f;FNk $l ,jpy; gq;fspg;G ,lk; cz;L
jhd;. Mdhy; ahu; Kjypy; G+idf;F kzp fl;LtJ vd;w vypf; ftiyfs; jhd; ek;
midtiuAk; gpd;Df;F ,Of;ff; $Lk;. jiytypAk; fha;r;rYk; jdf;F te;jhy;
jhd; GupAk; (xU KiwahtJ). vd;w r%fj;jpd; tpspk;G epiy tho;f;if Kiwahy;
mOj;jg;gl;L> mjd; fhuzkhf ,njw;nfy;yhk; ahu;> vJ fhuzk;? vd;w fhuzj;
NjlYk;> jPu;T NjlYk; cs; stu;fSf;F mg;gbg;gl;ltu;fSf;F ,J ctg;ghdnjhU
g;nuhg;NghryhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

khwhf mNyhf mZf;fisg; Nghy; r%jhaj;jplkpUe;J> nfhLg;gij tpl vLj;J
jhd; vdf;F mjpfg; gof;fk;> tof;fk; vd;gtu;fSf;F VNjDk; xU tifapy; Ruz;b
thOk; tho;f;if Kiw cs; s xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ,J VNjh xU tpjj;jpy;
mr;RWj;Jk; g;nuhg;NghrNy. Mf khu;f; ]; $wpaJ Nghy xU tp~ak; gw;wpa ekJ
ghu;it> epiyghL> vLf;Fk; KbTfs; vd;gJ $l ekJ nrhe;j KbTfs; my;y.
rKjhaj;jpy; ehk; tfpf;Fk; ekJ nrhe;j tu;f; fg; gb epiyapd; epiyghNl ekJ
fUj;Jf;fspYk; vjpnuhypf;fpwJ.

fh~;kPu; jPtputhjpiaf; $l fz;zpakhfg; glk; vLf;Fk; ghu;g;gdg; gdpah tu;f; fk;>
cy;/gh jPtputhjpfisAk; $l capNu> jpy;Nr vdf; fz;zpakhfg; glnkLj;j
ghu;g;gdg; gdpah tu;f; fk;> mNj jkpo; Nghuhspfs;> jPtputhjpfs; vd;W te;J tpl;lhy;
kl;Lk;> FUjpg; Gdy; vd mrpq;fr; Nrw;iw thupapUf;fr; rw;Wk; jaq;FtNj ,y;iy.
vt;tsT mrpq;fg; gLj;j KbANkh mt;tsT mrpq;fg;gLj;j mrpq;fj;jpd; vy;iyf;Nfr;
nrd;W glnkLf;fj; jaq;FtNjapy;iy. ,J ghu;g;gd> gdpah tu;f; fj;jpd; tu;f; f
epiyg;ghL. me;j Mjpf;f tu;f; fq;fSf;F mbtUb Ntiy ghu;g;gNj vq;fs; KO
Neuj;njhopy; vd;gJ Kl;lhs; jkpo; tu;f; fq;fspd; epiyg;ghL. Mf xU tp~aj;jpd;
ghyhd ekJ fUj;J> mgpg;uha epiyghL vd;gJ> gy Neuq;fspy; ,y;iyapy;iy
ngUk;ghd;ikahd Neuq;fspy; ekJ nrhe;jf; fUj;Jfspdhy; md;wp rKjhaj;jpy; ehk;
tfpf;Fk; th;f;fg;gb epiyiag; nghWj;jjhfNt mike;J tpLfpwJ. mjdhy; jhd;
,ijg; gbf;Fk; vtu; xUtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; Kjypy; mtupd; ,e;jg; Gnuhg;Nghry; gw;wpa
epiyghL njupahky; mtuplk; ve;jnthU cjtpiaAk; vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ vd;gjhy;
Kjypy; mtupd; epiyghl;ilj; njupe;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpNa> mjdhNyNa ,t;tsT
ePz;l rPdg; ngUQ;Rtu; ePsj;Jld; xU gPbif.


ehk; kl;Lk; vq;Nf? vg;gb? vt;tsT? tpirAld; jhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ
njupe;J jhf;fpdhy; ,aw;ifj; jd; ufrpaq;fis vy;yhk; ntspaplj; jahuhapUf;fpwJ
vd;ghu; Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju;. kdpj kdj;jpw;Fk; ,J nghUe;Jk; . xUKfg;gl;l
kdj;Jld; CLUtpdhy; jpwf;fg;gl Kbahj ,aw;ifapd; ufrpaq;fs; vd;W
VJkpy;iy. vd;ghu;. xUNtis vq;Nf vg;gb vd;gjpy; njspthfr; nray;gLk; ek;kpd;
ngUk;ghd;ikNahu; vt;tsT tpirAld; jhf;f Ntz;Lk; ? vd;w msT tp~aj;jpw;F
tUk; NghJ jhd; Nfhl;il tpl;L tpLfpNwhNkh vd;dNth?. gj;jhapuk; Nthy;l;
kpd;rhuj;ijg; gl;L E}y; xd;wpd; topahfTk; mDg; g Kaw;rpf;fyhk;> nrg;Gf; fk;gp
xd;wpd; topahfTk; mDg;g Kaw;rpf;fyhk;> lq;f;];ld; top mDg; gTk; Kaw;rpf;fyhk;.
Mdhy; tpisT jhd; ntt;NtW> vd;gJ kpd;rhuk; gw;wpa mbg;gil mwpTs;s
vtUf;Fk; njupe;jNj.

ve;nje;jg; nghUl;fs; vt;ntt;tsT Nthy;l;Nli[ mDkjpf;Fk; my;yJ
jil nra;Ak; vd;gijg; Nghy; jhd; kdpj kdq;fSk; . xt;nthd;Wk; xt;nthU jhq;F
jpwNdhL> xU kpd; nfhs;fyidg; (kpd;dZtpaypy; tUk; xU cjpup ghfkhd
nfhz;kpiag; (nfg;ghrpl;lu;-capacitor) Nghyj; jhd; tbtikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwNjh vd
ehd; gy rkaq;fspy; Nahrpg;gJz;L. lq;];lidf; fz;L gpbg;gjw;F Kd; gj;jhapuk;
ntt;NtW nghUl;fisr; Nrhjpj;Jg; ghu;j; j vb]dpd; epiyf;Fk;; vdf;Fk; ,g;NghJ
mjpf NtgWghby;iy. vd;d xU rpW tpj;jpahrk; vb]dpd; tp~aj;jpw;F [lg;
nghUl;fNs NghJk;. vdf;Nfh capu;g;Gs; s capu;j; Jbg;Gs; s kdpj kdq;fs;
rpytw;wpd; $l;L xj;Jiog;Gj; Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fpufj;jpd; gj;J Nfhbf;
fyit(j; jkpo;) kdpj kdq;fspypUe;J kiw nghUshf cs; s mj;jifa lq;f;];ld;
kdpj kdq;fis kl;Lk; jdpNa [ypj;njLf;f Ntz;ba Ju;ghf;fpa epiy. vz;fzpj
cjhuzk; nfhz;L tpsf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; xd;dhYk; jd;dhYk; kl;LNk tFglf;
$ba gfh vz; (prime no) Nghd;w kdpju;fNs vdJ Njly; ,yf;fpd; ,g;Nghija
Kf;fpa ,yf;Fg; Gs;spfs;.

vy;iyapy;yhj nka;naz;fspd; [drKj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy gfh
vz;fspd;; Njliyg; Nghd;wJ jhd;. mijAk; mjw;Nf cupa fzpjtpay;
tpjpKiwfs;> #j;jpuq;fspd; cjtp nfhz;L NjlhJ ntWkNd NjLtJ vd;gJ (gfh
vz;fspd; gpuj;Nahfg; gz;G eyd;fis Kd; $l;bNa mg;gl;lkhf ,dq;fhzj; jf;f>
mg;gbg; gl;l xU #j;jpuNk ,d;dKk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy> my;yJ mg; gbNa
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mJ ntspg;gilahff; fzpjg; nghJ ntspapy; ,d;dKk;
gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ NtW tp~ak;.) itf;Nfhy; Nghupy; njhiye;j
Crpia ntWk; fz;fshYk; ifshYk; NjLtijg; Nghd;wJ jhd;. itf;Nfhy; Nghu;
Crpia ntWq; if nfhz;L ntWk; fz;fshYk; Njlyhk;. typikahd fhe;jg; Gy
cjtp nfhz;Lk; Njlyhk;. (rpW tajpy; NguwpQu; mz;zh Jthuk; xd;Wf;Fs; nrd;w
xU ge;ij vLf;f ePu; nfhz;L Jthuj;ij epug;gp vLj;jJ Nghy) vJ vspjhd Njly;
Kiw vd;gJ nrhy;ypg; Gupa Ntz;bajpy;iy.

mg;gbg; ge;Jf;Fk;> Crpf;Fk; gad;gLj; jpaijg; Nghd;w gpuNahfpf;fj; jf;f
cUg;gbahd> nfhQ;rk; mjpfr; rpf;fypy;yhj> rw;W vspa topKiwfs; VNjDk; rpy>
,e;jg; gfh vz;fspd; tp~aj;jpYk; ,Uf; fpwjh vd;W njupatpy;iy. mg;gb ,Ue; jhy;
ey;yJ jhd;. Mdhy; cyfk; KotjpYk; cs; s gyg; gyg; ngupa ngupaf;
fzpjtpay; tpQ;QhdpfSf;Nf mit ,d;dKk; ngupa ngupa> ngupa;a;a;aa.f;
fz;zh %r;rp fhl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy;> vd;idg; Nghd;w rhkhd;au;fSf;F
kl;Lk; vg; gb mjp~;lk; mt;tsT vspjpy; mUs; ghypj;J tpLkh vd;d?

,e;jf; fpufj;jpd; ,d;iwa nkhj; j [dj;njhif vd;d xU 750 Nfhb
,Uf; Fkh? 750 Nfhb kdpju;fisAk; 750 Nfhb vz;fshff; fUjpdhy; ,jpy; cs; s
nkhj;j (g;iuk; nek;gu;fspd;) gfh vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if vd;gJ ed;F njupe;j
xd;wha; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l xd;wha; jhd; ,Uf; f KbAk;. (xU ,izag; Gs;sp
tpgug;gb rw;Nwwf;Fiwa 1300 Nfhb ,aw;if vz;fSf;Fs; cs; s gfh vz;fspd;
rjtPjk; 4.5) Mdhy; ,e;jf; fpufj;jpd; 750 Nfhb kf;fs; jpuspdupd; miktplk;
vd;gJ ,e;j 750 Nfhb nka;naz;fspd; miktplk; Nghd;wjh vd;d? xNu rPuhd
VWtupirapy; mjjw;Nf cupa miktplr; rpwg;NghL cs; s nka;naz;fspd;
miktplk; vq;Nf? xU ,lj;jpy; epiynfhs;shj kpd;dZf;fspd; ,af;fj;ijg;
Nghd;w kdpj efu;tpaf;fk; vq;Nf? kpd;dZf;fspd; ,af;fj;jpw;Ff; $l rpy
tuk;ngy;iyfs; vd xd;W cz;L. mjjw;Nf cupa Mu;gpl;lypy; (k,l,m,n,o,p vd;w
$Lfspy;) kl;LNk mit ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;f KbAk;. mg; gbNa Mu;gpl; tpl;L
,d;ndhU Mu;gpl;Lf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lnkd;why; $l mjw;Nfw;w tpjpKiwfis
mDrupj;Jj; jhd;> tpjpfspd; gb jhd; nry;y KbAk;. mJTk; $l mjjw;Nf cupa
xU rpW ePs;tl;lg;ghijapy;.

Mdhy; ntF[d kf;fs; jpuspdupd; miktplk; vd;gijAk;> mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf
mjpy; cs; s gfh vz; Nghd;w kdpju;fspd; miktplj;ijAk; XusTf;F ,af;fkw;w
(ahNuDk; xUtu; ,af;fj;Jf; Ff; nfhz;L tUk; tiu> my;yJ ,af;fj;Jf;Fj;
J}z;Lk; tiu> mJ kdpjNdh my;yJ ,aw;ifNah nkhj;jj;jpy; ahNuDk; xUtuhy;
J}z;lg;gLk; tiu nka;naz;fSk; ,af;fkw;w epiyapy; jhNd cs; sd.)
nka;naz;fNshL xg;gpLtijf; fhl;bYk; vg;NghJk; gugug;gha; ,aq;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; kpd;dZf;fNshL xg;gpLtJ vd;gJ mg;gbnahd;Wk; gz;Gilik
my;yhjJ Mfp tplhNj. $l;lYk;> fopj;jYk;> ngUf;fYk;> tFj;jYk; xU
tifapy; ,af;fj;ijf; Fwpf;F nkd;whYk; me;j ,af;fk; ,aw;ifahy; kl;LNk
fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gl;L Msg;gl tpy;iy. kdpjdhYk; ,af;fg; gLfpd;wd. cz;ikapy;
nka;naz;fis ,af;Fk; rf;jpfs;> mtw;iw ,af;fj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUk; rf;jpfs;
vit vd;W ghu;j;jhy;> ,aw;ifahy; kl;Lky;y mit ,Wjp epiyapy; kdpjidAk;
$l Rl;b epw;Fk;. vz;fspd; FwpaPl;L tbtj;jpy; vd;d ,Uf; fpwJ. mf;FwpaPLfs;
jhq;fp epw;Fk;> czh;j;j KaYk; ,af;ftpay; tbtq;fNs nka;ahd epiyg;ghLfs;.


NkYk;> kpd;dZf;fspd; ,af;f Kiwik rk;ge;jgl;l tp~ak; vd;gJ vz;fspd;
,af;f tp~aj;ijg; Nghy my;y. kdpju;fisg; Nghy; mtw;Wf;Fk; mit
xt;nthd;iwAk; ,lk;> nghUs;> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;whw; Nghy; mtw;iw ,af;ff; $ba)
mit mtw;wpw;Nf cupa ,af;ftpay; tpjpfisj; jd;dfj;Njf; nfhz;Ls;sit
(cl;nghjpe;Js; sit.) Mf kpd;dZtpaiy> mbg;gil mZj;Jfs;fisg; gw;wpj;
njupe;J nfhs;tJ vd;gJTk; xU tifapy; kdpju;fisNa njupe;J nfhs;tJ Nghyj;
jhd;. RitahdJ Rthu];akhdJ.

(,d;W mbg;gilj; Jfs;fspNyNa 500-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l vz;zpf;ifapy; xU ngupa
FLk;gj; ijNa mZtpay; tpQ;Qhdpfs; fz;Lgpbj;Js; sdu; vd;gJ ve;jstpw;Fj;
jiy Rw;w itg;gJ vd;gJ gw;wp ehd; $wj; Njitapy;iy.) xU Fwpg;gpl;l
#o;epiyapy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l tpjj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; kdpjd; xUtd; vg;gb vjpu;
tpisthw;Wthd; vd;gij vg;gb ek;khy; Kd;$l;bNa 100 rjtPjj;jpw;Fj; Jy;ypakhf
Kd;mDkhdpf;f KbahNjh mg;gbj; jhd; mZTyfpYk;. mijj; jhd; tpQ;Qhdpfs;
mtu;fs; ghi~apy; ,Ug;gplj;ijf; fz;Lgpbf;f Kaw;rpj;jhy; Ntfj;ij epr;rapf;f
KbahJ. Ntfj;ij epr;rapf;f Kbe;jhy; ,Ug;gplj;ij epr;rapf;f KbahJ vd;fpd;wdu;.
,g;NghJ mZTf;Fk; capu; cs;sJ vd;W $l tpQ;Qhdpfs; $wj;
jiyg;gl;Ltpl;ldh; vd;W $lf; $wyhk;.

,q;Nf ,e;jpahtpy; Kk;igiar; Nru;e;j N`hkpNahgjp kUj;Jtuhd lhf;lu;
uh[d; rq;fud; vd;gtu; jdp mZf;fspd; Fzq;fs; vd;git jdp kdpjd; xUtdpd;
Fzeyd;fisNa $lj; jPu;khdpg;gjpy; Kf;fpag; gpujhdg; gq;fhw;WfpwJ vd;W $wp
mij tptupf;Fk; tpjkhf xU Gj; jfNk $l vOjpAs;shu;. Mq;fpyj;jpy; The other
song vd;w jiyg; gpy; ntspte;j me;jg; Gj;jfk; ,q;F ekJ}upy; jkpopYk;
nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;L cdf;Fs;Ns xU Fuy; vd;w jiyg;gpy; [{dpau;
tpfldpy; Kd;nghU rkak; njhluhf te;J> gpd; jw;rkak; mNj tpfld; gjpg;gfj;jhy;
Gj;jfkhfTk; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. kdk;> capu; gw;wp Kbe;j Kbghf tpQ;Qhdk;
fz;Lgpbf;f ,d;dKk; Vuhs tp~aq;fs; cs;sjhy;> epug;gg; gl Ntz;ba Nfhbl;l
,lq;fs; epiwa cs; sjhy; kdpj Fyk; vijAk; Kw;whf xJf;fp tpLk; epiyapy;
,y;iy jhd;. me;j tifapy; ghu;j;jhy; uh[d; rq;fuDk;> mtu; Fwpg;gpLk;; ,e;j
Nkw;fj;jpa N`hkpNahgjp mwptpay; fUj;Jf;fisAk; (uh[d; rq;fud; mtu;fspd;
Gj;jfj;jpd; ikaf; fUj; ijAk;) $l mg; gb xd;Wk; Kw;wpYk; xJf;fp tplj;
Njitapy;iy. mitAk;> mg; gb xd;Wk; jPz;lj;jfhj GjpJky;y.

Vw;fdNtNa ,e;jpaj; jj;Jtpaypd; xU gpupthd rhq;fpaj; jj;Jtpaypy;
$wg;gl;l xUf; fUj;JU jhd; mJ. (,ijAk; $l ehd; $wtpy;iy. Vw;fdNtNa
Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; $w;whf uhkfpU~;z kp~d; ntspaPL xd;wpd; gioa
gjpg;nghd;wpy; gbj;Js; Nsd;.) ,e;J kjj; jpd; xU gpupthd my;yJ xU gpupthf cU
khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l rhq;fpaj; jj;JtKk; $l kdKk; ,e;j ];J}y cliyg; Nghy
xU Ez;zpag; gUg;nghUs; jhd; vd;Nw $WfpwJ. Mdhy; kpf Ez;zpa gUg;nghUs;
vd;W $WfpwJ. gUg; nghUspd; kpf Ez;zpa tbtsT vd ,d;W Nkw;fj;jpa etPd
mwptpaypd; mZtpay; Fwpg; gpLk; msT kp.kP-y; Fwpg; gpl Ntz;Lnkd;why; ,ij 410
-
11
kp.kP-ypUe;J 7.3610
-8
kp.kP tiu vdf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. vil vd tUk; NghJ xU
fpuhik tpl 110
27
gq;F tiu FiwT vdTk; tiuaWj;Js; sJ. (my;yJ nuhk; gj;
jiy Rj;jyhf cs; snjd;gtu;fs; ,g;gb gbf;fTk; msT> gUkd; 0.00000000004
kp.kPypUe;J 0.000000736 kp.kP ti (mjhtJ kpd;dZtpd; gUkdsT 0.00000000004 kp.kP
epA+f;spa]pd; msT 0.000000736) vil xU fpuhik tpl 110
27
klq;F FiwT.
Ke;ijaJ kpd;dZ xd;wpd; msT> gpe;ijaJ kpd;dZitf; fhl;bYk; 1840 klq;F
ngupjha; cs;s mZ epAf;spa]{ilaJ. ,e;jg; gupkhzj;jpy; cs; s cyfNk
f;thz;l cyfk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

,e;jsT El;gkhd gupkhzj;jpy; cs; s ,e; jf; Fthz;l cyfpy; ekJ ghuk;gupa>
rh];jpupag; ngsjPfj; jpd; tpjpfs; $lr; nrayw;Wg; Nghfpd;wd. ,e;Ez;zpa
cyfpw;nfd;Nw cs; s Fthz;ltpay; tpjpfshy; jhd; gUg; nghUs;fs;
Msg;gLfpd;wd. ,q;F nghUs;fs; vd;W nrhy;tJ $lj; jtW. Vnddpy; ,q;F
nghUl;fspd;; epiy vd;gJ ntWk; gUg; nghUs; epiy kl;Lky;y. miy &gkhd
rf;jp tbtKk; $l. ehk; msf;Fk; fUtp> cgfuzq;fSf;Nfw;wthW> ehk; ifahSk;
fzpjtpay; khjpupfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fs; nghUs;> rf;jp vd;w ,Utpj
epiyfshfTk; xU czu;Tg; Gyg;ghl;ilf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

jpU uh[d; rq;fud; mtu;fspd; fUj;J (mtuJ mju; ]hq; Gj;jfj;jpd; fUj;Jf; fs;)
ve;jsTf;F etPd Nkw;fj;jpa mwptpay; r%fj;jhy; Vw;W mq;fP fupf;fg;gl;l xd;W
vd;gJ njupatpy;iy. Mdhy; mtw;wpYk; VNjh rpy $Wfs;> cz;ikapd; $Wfs; rpy
,Uf; ff; $Lk;. capu;. Md;kh> kWgpwg;G ,g;gbg;gl;lj; jpf;fpy; jpirapy; Ngr;R
nrd;whNy mJ Md;kPfk;> mkhD~;aj;NjhL rk;ge;jg; gl;ljhff; fUJk; xU Nghf;F
kl;LNk fhzg;gLk; ,d;iwa mwptpaYf;F ,g;gb mkhD~;ak; gw;wpa tp~aq;fs;;
vd;whNy mJ Muha ntl;fg;gLk; xU Jiwahff; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; epiyapy;> jpU
uh[d; rq;fud; mtu;fspd; Gj;jff; fUj;Jf; fs; gw; wpf; $Wtjw;F vd;d ,Uf; fpwJ?

mtUk; mtuJ N`hkpNahgjp kUj;Jt KiwAk; > $l mijnahl;b mtu; vOg;gpAs;s>
Nfs;tpfs;> Ma;Tfs; vd;gJTk; $l Kbe;j Kbghd xd;wy;y vd;gJ kl;Lk; cz;ik.
mJ murpaNyh> nghUshjhuNkh> my;yJ mwptpayhfNt jhd; ,Uf; fl;Lk;> fiy
,yf;fpak; jtpu;j;J kw;w Jiwfspy; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;gpd; mq;fP fhuk; vd;gJ ntw;wp
ngw;w jug;gpduhy; kl;LNk KbT nra;ag;gLtjha; cs;s epiyapy; > Mjpf;f> mjpfhu
tu;f; fr; rhu;ghd fUj;Jf;fs; kl;LNk ,e;j cyfhy; Muthukhf tuNtw;fg;glTk;
mq;fP fupf;fg;glTk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

nkhj;j mwptpay; cyfpd; mq;fPfhuk; vd;gJk; $l murpay; rhu;G ,y;yhj
epiyghlha; ntspg;gLtJ vd;gJTk; mupjpDk; mupjhd re;ju;g;gq;fspd; NghJ kl;LNk
mJTk; mupjpDk; mupjhd tpQ;Qhdpfspd; tho;f;iff; fhyq;fspy; kl;LNk. mJTk;
mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; jhd; ,j;jifa xU rpW Kd;Ndw;wKk;. mjpfhu tu;f; fj;Jf; F
ctg;gpy;yhj ve;j xU Md;kPff; fUj;Jk; kl;Lky;y> mwptpay; fUj;Jf;fSk; $l
mJ vt;tsT jhd; xU I.v];.X uf juj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; mt;tsT vspjpy; Vw;W
mq;fP fupf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

kugpaypd; Muk;g mbg;gil tpjpfisf; fz;Lgpbj;j> kugpaypd; je;ij vdg;
Nghw;wg;gLk; fpupfhupad; nkd;l;ly; ey;y cjhuzk;. mtuJ fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd;
ntw;wpia> mJ ,e;jf; fpufj;jpd; nkhj;j mwptpay; cyf mq;fP fhuj;ijg; ngWtijf;
fhz;gJ vd;gjw;F mtuJ nkhj; j tho;ehspy; kl;Lky;y ,we;J gy tUlq;fSf;Fg;
gpwFk; $l me;j tha;g;G vspjpy; Kfpo;j;J tpltpy;iy. 36 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;du;
%d;W tpQ;Qhdpfshy; %d;W ntt;NtW ehLfspy; (1900-y;) xNu rkaj;jpy; mtuJ
fz;Lgpbg;G kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl; L kW Cu;[pjk; nra;ag;gl;l gpd;Ng
mtuJ fz;Lgpbg;Gf;F cupa mq;fP fhuk; fpilj;jJ.

,y;yhtpl;lhy; Jujp~;lk; gpbj;j tpQ;Qhdpfspd; tupirapy; jiyikg;gl;baypy;
,lk; ngw;wpUf;f khl;lhu;. etPd kugpaypd; gpwg;G 35 Mz;LfSf;Fj; js;spg;
Nghlg;gl;l epfo;Tk; ele;jpUf;fhJ. mt;tsT gpd;Ndhf;fp 1860-fSf;F Vd; Nghf
Ntz;Lk;. cWjpahd cilahj fz;zhb xd;W fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
mauhj fz;Lgpbg;G Kaw;rp ntw;wpaile;jhYk;> mjd; gyid mDgtpg;gjw;F>
ntw;wpf; fdpiar; Ritg;gjw;F rw;Nwwf; Fiwa 40 Mz;Lfs; fhj;jpUf;f
Ntz;bajhapw;W fhu;dpq; nfhupy;yh f;sh]; tp~aj;jpy; . fhu;dpq; nfhupy;yh f;sh];
vdg;gLk; me;jg; gpuj;jpNahff; fz;zhbapd; tzpftpay; ntw;wpf;F Mg;gpspd; ];Bt;
ghy;kUk;> ];khu;l; Nghd; AfKk;> tUk; tiu mJ fhj;jpUf;fj; jhd; Ntz;bajhapw;W.
Mf xU fz;Lgpbg;G cz;ikahfNt xU kfj;jhd fz;Lgpbg;G jhd; vd cyfhy;
Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;L thOk; ehl;fSf;Fs;shfNt mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;>
gydiltjw;Fk;> mjw;Fk;; $l xU nfhLg;gpid> gpuhug;jk; Ntz;Lk; Nghy.

nkd;lypd; tho;f;if ekf;F mijj; jhd; mwpTWj;JfpwJ. Mf ve;j xU Gjpa
fz;Lgpbg;Gk;> Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju; $wpaJ Nghy j0d; fhyj;ij tpl;L
Kw;Nghf;fhfr; rpe;jpf;Fk; ve;j xU kdpjDk; %d;W gbepiyfisj; jhz;bj; jhd;
ntw;wp ngw;whf Ntz;Lk;. mJ Kjypy; Vsdk;> gpd; vjpu;g;G> filrpahfNt Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gly; vd;gJ. Mf ve;j xU Kw;Nghf;Ff; fUj;Jk; $l tUk; vjpu; fhyr;
rKjhaj;jhy; jhd; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

cz;ikia vj;jid E}w;whz;Lfs; MdhYk; mopf;f ,ayhJ mJ rhfh tuk;
ngw;wJ vd;gJ vt;tsT cz;ikNah mNj msTf;F vj;jidf; Nfhb Mz;Lfs;
nghj;jpg; nghj;jpg; ghJfhj;J kiwj;J xspj;J itj;jhYk; ngha;ikapd; jw;fhypf
capu;g;igAk; vd;nwd;iwf;Fkhd epue;ju mkuj;Jtk; ngw;wjhfr; mikar; nra;J
tplKbahJ. ,e;j mstpy; kl;LNk ehk; rw;W MWjy; gl;Lf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

ika tp~aj;ij tpl;L ntF njhiythfNt te;J tpl;Nlhk; vd epidf;fpNwd; .
,ij vy;yhk; Vd; ,q;F $w tuNtz;bAs;sJ vd;why;> kdpj Fyj;ij cs; spUe;J
,af;Fk; ngsjpf ,af;ftpay; tpjpfSk; Ez; mbg;gil gUg;nghUs;fis
Ml;Ltpf;Fk; ngsjpf ,af;ftpay; tpjpfSk; NkYk; NkYk; tpQ;Qhd
ntspr;rj;jhy; xspA+l;lg; ngw;W neUq;fp tUfpd;w Nghf;ifr; Rl;bf; fhl;lNt.
,Wjpapy; xU ehs; fyg;gplkpy;yhj> Nghypj;jd;ikaw; w cz;ik mwptpaYk;
cz;ik Md;kPfKk; iff; FYf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; xU ehSk; tug;NghfpwJ vd;gjw;Ff;
fl;bak; $Wk; epfo;Tfisg; NghyNt ,d; W mwptpaypd; Muha;r;rp vy;iyfs;
nkd;NkYk; tpuptile;J nfhz;Nl nry;fpwJ. Ez; mbg;gilg; gUg;nghUs;fspd;
tif khjpupfs; ,d;W rw;Nwwf; Fiwa xU rjk; mstpw;Fj; jdpj;jdp mZ
tiffshf milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;s epiyapy; mit xt;nthd;Wf;Fkhdj;
jdpj;Jtg; gz;GfSk; ; nkd;NkYk; Jy; ypakhf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Lf; nfhz;L tUk;
epiyapy;> kdpj kdq;fspd;> Fzeyd;fSf;F> nray;ghLfSf;F xU Ntis
kiwKfkhf ,itfs; jhd; fhuz fu;j;jhf;fNsh vd;w Mu;t%l;Lk; Iag;ghLfisAk;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd.

mLj;j tpehb (fpof;Fg; gjpg;gf ntspaPL) Gj;jf Mrpupau; &kp nrhd;dJ Nghy>
cly; vd;gJ fz;Zf; Fj; njupfpw kdk; vd;why;> kdk; vd;gJ fz;Zf; Fj;
njupahj xU cly; jhNdh? vd;w $w;iwj; jhd; ,it epidTgLj;Jfpd;wd.
kpd;dZf;fspd; cz;ikahd cyfpYk; $l mtw;iw mjjw;Nf cupa Mu;gpl;lypYk;
$l xU Fwpg;gpl;l fzj;jpy; vq;Nf ,Uf; Fk;> vt;tsT Ntfj;NjhL ,aq;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;gJ gw;wp epr;rapf;fg; gl Kbahjjha; jhd; cs; sJ.

f;thz;lk; ,aw;gpaypy; mJ gw; wpa xU Gfo; ngw;w Nfhl;ghNl cz;L. i`rd;
ngu;f; fpd; epr;rakpy;yhj; jj;Jtk; vd;w ngauhy; mj;jj; Jtk; gw; wpf; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJk;
cz;L. mjhtJ ,Ug;gplj;ij epr;rapf;f (fz;Lgpbf;f) Kad;why; Ntfj;ij
epr;rapf;f (fz;Lgpbf;f) KbahJ. Ntfj;ij epr;rapf;f (fz;Lgpbf;f) Kad;why;
,Ug;gplj;ij epr;rapf;f(fz;Lgpbf;f) ,ayhJ. mg; gb xU epr;rakpd;ik mZ
cyfpYk; $l epytpf; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,e; j ctkhdj;jpy; ehd; kpd;dZf;fis
tk;Gf;F ,Oj;jpUf;ff; $lhJ jhd;. MdhYk; vd;d nra;a? ehd; Fwpg;gpl te;jij
czu;j;j VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; mj;jifa ctkhdk; gad;glf; $Lk; vd;W fUjpNa
mg;gbf; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;bajhapw;W.

ika tp~aj;jpw;F kPz;Lk; tUNthk;. nka;naz;fspd; (my;yJ ,aw; if
vz;fspd;) fzj; njhFjp xd;wpy; xt;nthU vz;fspd; miktplk; vd;gJk; ed;F
tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJk;> vg;nghOJk; khwhjJk; Mfpa xd;W. Mdhy; kdpju;fspd;>
mZf;fspd; miktplk; vd;gJ..? kdpju;fspd;> mZf;fspd; mirtpaf;fg; gz;ig
vz;fspd; vt;tpjg; gz;Gld; xg;gpl? vd;w NghjpYk; vz;fspd; gfh vz; jd;ikia
VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; kdpj Fyg; gz;GfSld; xg;gpl ,aYk; jhNdh? vd;Nw
Njhd;WfpwJ. Xd;dhYk; jd;dhYk; kl;LNk vr;rkpd;wp (mjhtJ kPjpapd;wp) tFgLk;
vd;w gfh vz; gz;ig jdJ kdrhl;rpf;Fk; flTSf;Fk; (my; yJ flTSf;Fg;
gjpyhf rj;jpak;> ju;kk;> ePjp newpKiwfSf; F) kl;LNk fl;Lg; gLk;> gag;gLk;> kw;w
vjw;Fk;> vtUf;Fk; gag;glhj jd;ikAld; xg;gplyhNkh vdj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
Raeyk;> jd;dyk; cs; s ,lj;jpy; vg;gbg; gl;l mUk; ngUk; Fzq;fs;
,Ue;jNghjpYk; mitahTk; jd;dyj; jhy;> Raeyj;jhy; mbgl;Lg; Nghf tha;g;Gz;L.
Mf

jd;dyk; vd;w xU Fzeyid Md;khtpw;F Vw;gl;l xU fiwahfg; ghu;f; fyhNkh?
mjhtJ mij xU fiwahf> xU vr;rj;Jld; xg;gplyhNkh?> mjhtJ gfh vz;
jtpu;j;j kP jp vz;fSld;; xg;gplyhNkh? mg;gb xg;gpl;lhy;> mjpy; jtNwJkpUg;gjha;
Njhd;wtpy;iyNa. kdpju;f; F kdpju; Raeyj; jpd; msT vd;gJ jhd; khWglyhNk
xopa jd;dykpy;yhj kdpju; vd;gtu; (mjhtJ ekJ vz;fspd; ghi~apy; Fwpg;gpl
Ntz;Lnkd;why; g+[;[pa msT jd;dyk; nfhz;l kdpjh;fs;) vg;NghJk; ve; jf;
fhyj;jpYk; kpfTk; mupjpDk; mupjhdtu;fNs. mNefkhf mg;gbg; gl;ltu;fs;
eilKiwapy; ,y;iy nef; y[pGs; vd;Nw $wptplyhk; vDksTf;F mj; jifNahu;
mupjpDk; mupNj. mg;gbg;gl;ltu;fNs kpy;ypdpak; Mz;Lfisj; jhz;bAk; Gj;jd;> VR
Nghy mopahg; Gfo; ngWfpwhu;fs; . mj;jifa GfOf;Fj; jFjpahdtu;fshAk;
cs; sdu;.

mNj NghJ i]giu jd;dyk; vd;w vr;rkpy;yhj xU (nghJeyj;) jd;ikAld;
xg;gplyhk;. G+[; [paj;jpw;F> mjhtJ i]/gUf;Fj; jkpopy; ,d;ndhU ngaUk;> Neu;
vjpu; mu;j;jKk; $l cz;L. mJ G+uzk; vd;w ngau; jhd;;. kjpg;Ng ,y;yhj xd;wpw;F
Vd; vjw;F vg;gb G+uzk; vd;w Neu; vjpu;g; nghUs; jUk; xU ngaiug; gz;ilj;
jkpou; ,l;Ls;sdu; vd vd; tho;ehspy; gy rkaq;fs;> Neuq;fspy; Nahrpj;jpUg;Ngd;.
mg;NghJ fpl;lhj tpsf;fk; ,Njh ,g;NghJ ,e;jf; fbjf; fl;Liuf;fhf cl;fhu;e;J
Mo;e;J rpe;jpf;Fk;NghJ jhd; tpsq;FfpwJ.

nghJthf ehk; midtUk; g+[;[pak; vd;why; xd;Wkpy;yhj> #dpaj;ijf; Fwpf;fg;
gad;gLk; xU nrhy;yhfj; jhd; eilKiw tho;tpaypy; gad;gLj;jp tUfpNwhk;.
fzpjj;jpYk; $l rw;Nwwf;Fiwa ,Nj nghUspy; jhd; gad;gLj;jp tUfpNwhk; vd;w
NghjpYk; ,lj;ijg; nghWj;J> mJTk; khWgLfpwJ. mjhtJ mJ mike;jpUf;Fk;
];jhdj;ijg; nghWj;J mt;tg;NghJ mjd; kjpg;Gk; ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; ntt;NtW
vd;gjhf tUk; vd;gJ ekf;Fk; Gupa tUk; Mdhy; Mo;e;J Nahrpj;NjNkahdhy; mJ
Fwpj;j NkYk; gy cz;ikfs; Gupa tUk;. Kjypy; mJ xd;iwNa mjhtJ
i]/giu> #dpaj;ij kl;Lk; jhd; xU Ntis G+uzj;Jld; xg;gpl ,aYNkh vd;w
re;Njfj;ij cWjpg; gLj;Jtjha; cs; s mjd; gz;G eyd; $u; e;J ftdpf;fj;
jf;fJ. G+uzk; vd;gJ jkpopy; KOikiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;. G+uzj;jpw;Fj; jkpopy; ,d;ndhU
rpwg;G tpsf;fKk; cz;L. mJ G+uzj;jpypUe;J G+uzj;ij vLj;j gpd;G vQ;RtJk;
G+uzNk vd;w fUj;J jhd;.

thu;j;ij> thf;fpa tpsf;fkhf nkhopapaypy; ,g;gb mu;j;jg; gLj;jg; gLtJ jhd;
fzpjj;jpy; 0-00 vdf; Fwpg;gplg; gLfpwJ NghYk;. vLj;jy; vd;gij fopj;jYld;>
mjhtJ gpupj;jYlDk; $l xg;gplyhk;;;> (,d; Dk; nfhQ;rk; ePl;bj;Jr; nrhy;tnjd;why;
mjhtJ displacement-ld; $l mjhtJ xU ,af;fj;NjhL njhlu;Gila xU
nrhy;yha; $l my;yJ Kw;w KOf;f ,af; fj;jpd; xU tifiaf; Fwpf;Fk; xU
nrhy;yhff; $lg; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.) Mf KOikapypUe;J KOikia vLj;j
gpd;Gk; vQ;RtJ KOik vd ,jw;Fg; nghUs; tUfpwJ. NkNy fz;l ,e;jf;
fUj;Njhl;lj;ij ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;jpNyNa xNu xU tp~aj;jpw;Fj; jhd; nghUj;jpg;
ghu;f; f KbAk;. mJ ];Ng]; vdg;gLk; ntl;l ntsp jhd;. ntspia ehk; ek; ifahy;
jpl> jput> thA nghUl;fis vLg;gJ Nghy; thup ms;sp vLf;f KbAkh vd;d?
thAg; nghUl;fis Neubahff; iffshy; ifahs KbahJ NghdhYk; mijAk; xU
nfhs;fydpy; (cjhuzkhf gY}d> rpypz;lu;; Nghd;w VjhtJ xU nfhs;fydpy;)
milg;gjd; %yk; mijAk; vg;gbNah xUtopahff; iffshy; ifahs;fpNwhk; vd;gJ
NtW tp~ak;.

mjhtJ xU nghUisf; ifahs;fpNwhk; vd;whNy> me;jg; nghUs;
milj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ntspiaAk; Nru;j;Jj; jhd; ifas;;fpNwhk; vd;W jhd;
nghUs;. nghUs; ,aq;FfpwJ vd;whNy me;jg; nghUs; milj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
ntspAk; $lNt Nrh;e;J ,aq;FfpwJ vd;Wk; jhd; nghUs;. Mf ntspAk; xU
tifapy; ,aq;FfpwJ vd;W jhd; mu;j;jk;. Neubahf mij ek; ntWk; fz;fshy;
ehk; fhz KbahJ NghdhYk; Gwg; gUg;nghUs;fspd; ,af;fj;jpD}Nl ehk; ghu;g;gJ
cz;ikapy; ntspapd; ,af;fj;ijAk; $lNt Nru;j;J jhd;. mg;gb ntspAk;
,aq;FfpwJ vd;why; ,af;fk; gw;wpa ekJ GupjypNyNa xU ngUk; mbg;gil ghu;it
khw;wk; Vw;gLtij ehk; czu KbAk;. tof;fkhd ,af;fk; gw;wpa ekJ ghuk;gupaf;
fUj;Njhl;lj;jpw;F ,uz;L fUj;Njhl;lq;fs;> mjhtJ ,uz;L mbg;gilfs;>
gpd;dzpfs; Njit. Xd;W epiyahd ,af;fk; mw;w xU gpd;dzp. ,uz;L> me;jg;
gpd;dzpapd; kPJ ,aq;Fk; xU nghUs; my;yJ gy nghUs;fs;.

Mdhy; vy;yhNk ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vDk; gl;r;jpy; vij epiyahd
gpd;dzpahf mbg;gilj; jskhff; nfhs;tJ?. kpf etPd ,aw;gpay; ,d;W nghUs;
vd;gNj ntspapd; jpupe;j xU tbtk; vd;W jhd; $WfpwJ. Mf ehk; fhZk;
mj;jidg; Gwg;nghUs;fSk; xU tifapy;> xU mu;j;jj;jpy; ntspapd; jpupe;j
ntt;NtW tbtq;fNs. nghUs; vd;gij ntspapd; xU &g tbtk; vd;Wk; $lf;
$wyhk;. fz;Zf; Fj; njupAk; &g ,af;ftpay; tbtq;fisNa ehk; ,d;dKk;
njspthf KOf;fg; Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbahj epiyapy; Gyd;fSf;Fg; Gydhfhjh
m&g ,af;ftpay; tbtq;fis vg;gbg; Gupe;J nfhs;s?

G+uzk; vd;gJ KOikahdJ vd tptupf;fg;gLfpwJ. mJTk; vg; gbg;gl;l
vg;gbg;gl;l KOik? me;j KOikapypUe;J Ko KoikiaAk; vLj;j gpd;Dk;
vQ;RtJ. vQ;Rfpd;w me;j vr;rj;jpd; gz;G vj;jifaJ vd;why; mJTk;
KOikahdJ jhd;. G+uzkhdJ jhd;. mjhtJ jPu;e;J Nghff; $bajd;W. ,ij xU
cjhuzk; nfhz;L tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kay;Nthk;. xU miwapy; xU ngl;bapy; 10
khk;goq;fs; cs; sd vd;W itj; Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. 10 goq;fisAk; ahUf;fhtJ
vLj;Jf; nfhLj;J tpLfpNwhk; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. gpd; me;jg; ngl;bapy;
khk;gok; vd;wnjhU nghUs; ,Uf; Fkh? ,Uf;fhjy;yth? jPu;e;J Ngha; tpLky;yth?
,g;gbj; jPUk; gz;Gs; sjy;y G+uzk; vd;gJ.

Mdhy; khk;gok; ,Ue; j ngl;b kl;Lk; ,Uf; Fk;. vLj;J mijAk; ahUf;fhtJ jhdk;
nra;;JtpLfpNwhk; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. ,g;NghJ me;j khk;gog; ngl;b itf;fg;
gl;bUe;j miwAk; me;j miwiaj; jd; Dld; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s me;jf;
fl;llKk; kl;Lk; jhd; ,g;NghJ ,Uf; Fk;. fl;llj;ijAk; ,g;NghJ xU uhl;rj
,ae;jpuj;jpd; Jiz nfhz;L ngau;j;J vLj;J J}u itj;J tpLfpNwhk; vd;W
itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk; gpd; vd;d ,Uf; Fk; me;j ,lj;jpy;? ,g; gbNa ePl;bj;Jf;
nfhz;L Nghdhy; ,ij ,e;j Kog; G+kpg; ge; jpw;Fk;> gpd; ,e;j KO #upa kz;lyk;>
Vd; gpd; fz;Zf; Fj; njupAk; ,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rj;ijAk; $l ngau;j;njLj;J J}u
mg;ghy; itg;gjha; ePl;bj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;. ehd; ,q;F $w tUtJ ,g;gbNa
ePl;bj;Jf; nfhz;Nl nry;tijay;y my;bNkl;> filrp> ,Wjp epiy vd;gJ vd;d?
ehd; czu;j;j tUtJ vd;d vd;gij ,g;NghjhtJ Gupe;J nfhs;s ,aYk; vd;W
epidf;fpNwd;. (xU ghkug; ghu;it ntspapd; Gyj;Jf;Fk; vl;l Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;Nf
,e;jsT ,t;tsT [t; T.)

[ah khk;goj; jpy; Muk;gpj;J ,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rKNk $l filrpaha; vjpy; epiy
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd? ,jdhy; jhd; rpk;Gshf me;jf; fhyj;jpy; Rtupy;yhky;
rpj;jpukh? vd;wdu;. Vd; Jzpapy;> Ngzupy;> Ngg;gupy;> fl;lTl;by; tiuayhNk vd;w
tpjz;lh thjk; NgrhJ me;jg; gonkhopapy; cs; s cl;nghUis> jj;Jtj;ij
kl;LNk ghu;f; f Ntz;LfpNwd;;. ,d;W RtUk;> JzpAk;>fhfpjKk;> NgdUk; $lj;
Njitapy;iy. ntWk; fhw;Wkz;lyNk $lg; NghJk;. ,y;iyapy;iy ntl;l ntspNa
$lg; NghJk;. Kg;gupkhz N`hNyhfpuhk; fhl;rpfis jpiuapy; g;nuhn[f;l; nra;Ak;
rpdpkhf; fhl;rp Nghy ntWk; ntl;l ntspapNyNa fhl;rpfisf; fhl;rpapl KbAk;.
(G.I.joe `hypTl; glj;jpy; tUk; xU fhl;rpiag; Nghy-,izg;igf; fpspf;
nra;aTk;))

rpj;jpuj;jpw;F vg;gb xU RtNuh> my;yJ JzpNah> fhfpjNkh VNjh xU Ngf;uTz;l;
vg;gb mbg;gilj; NjitNah mg;gbj; jhd; ,e;j KOg; gpugQ;rj;jpw; FNkNa> ntsp.
,e;j ntl;l ntsp jhd; Mjhukhf cs; sJ. me;j ntspia ek;khy; uPg; gpNs];
nra;a KbAkh vd;W jhd; Nfl;fpNwd;. KO ntspiaAk; Ntz;lhk;. KOf; flYf;Fg;
gjpyhf rpy Jsp ePiu vg;gb xU khjpupahf (Nrk;gpshff;) nfhs;fpNwhNk mg;gb>
KO ntspia Ntz;lhk;. me;j ntspapd; xU rpW Jspia ek;khy; uP g;gpNs]; nra;a
KbAkh? my;yJ mg;gbNa uP g;gpNs]; nra;J Kbj;jhYk; me;j ,lj;jpy; kPz;Lk; xU
ntl;l ntsp ,Uf; fhjh?. ms;s ms;sf; Fiwahj ml;rag; ghj;jpuk; Nghy; xU
tp~ak; ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;jpy; cs; snjd;why; mJ ,e;j ntl;l ntsp xd;W kl;Lk;
jhNd.

ntspf;Fs; ntsp vd vj;jid ntspfs; nrhUfg;gl;Ls;sJ (]{g;gu; ,k;Ngh];
nraag;gl;Ls;sJ) vd;gjw;Fk; VJk; vy; iy cz;lh vd;d? ,ij ,d;Dk; nfhQ;r
vspa cjhuzk; nfhz;L Gupa itf;fNtz;Lkhdhy; xU fzpdpapd; xU rhsuj;ij
(tpz;Nlhit vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk; . mjpy; VjhtJ lTz; NyhL Mfpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghNj kw;nwhU tpz;Nlhitj; jpwe;J ,d;ndhU gzpiar; nra;fpNwhk;. me;jg; gzp
ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapNyNa ,d;ndhU gzpf;fhf kPz;Lk; ,d;ndhU
tpz;Nlhit jpwe;J gzpahw;WfpNwhk; Mdhy; mit midj;Jk; vg;gb xNu
fzpdpapypUe;Nj Njhd;wpaNjh fpl;lj;jl;l ,Nj Nghd;Nw tpz;ntspapYk;.
fz;Zf; Fg; GydhFk; midj;Jg; gUg; gUg;nghl;fSNkNa> xU tifapy; xU
etPdf; fzpdp tpz;Nlh Nghyj; jhd;. ntl;lntsp jhd; ,q;F khdpl;lu;. Xd;Wf;Fs;
xd;whf ]{g;gu; ,k;Ngh]; nra;jJ Nghy ,e;j khngUk; gpugQ;rNk ntl;l
ntspf;Fs;spUe;Nj fpsk;gp te;Js; sd.

Mf i]gu;> G+uzk;> G+[; [pak; vd;w ,e;jg; gy ngau; xU nghUs; Rl;Lg;
ngau;r; nrhw;fnsy;yhk; ,Wjpahfr; Rl;LtJ xNu xU tp~aj;ijj; jhd;. mJ me;j
ntl;l ntspiaNa. i]gu; vd;gJ xU tifapy; vk;b ];fpuP d; Nghy. me;j vk;b
];fpuP idg; ghu;f; ftplhJ kiwf;Fk; ve;j xd;Wk; cz;ikf;Fk; Nru;j;Jj; jpiuapLtJ
Nghyj; jhd;. cz;ikf;Fk; ekf;Fk; ,ilapNy cs; s xU khaj; jpiug; Nghyj;
jhd;. jpiufis xt;nthd;wha; fpopj;Jf; nfhz;Nl nrd;NwhNkdhy; vQ;RtJ
Fzq;fsw;w cz;ikNa. mjhtJ ,e;Jkjg; ghi~apy; $WtJ vd;why; epu;f; Fzg;
gpuk;kk;. kw;w vz;fis vy;yhk; rFzg; gpuk;kk; vd miof;f xU ju;f;fg; nghUj;jk;
cs; snjd;why; i]giu xU epu;f; Fzg; gpuk;kk; vd miof;f mjw;F vy;yhtpj
jFjpAk; cs; sJ vd;W jhd; Njhd;WfpwJ. (rFzg; gpuk;kk;-Fzq;fNshL $baJ.
eph;f; Fzg; gpuk;kk;-Fzq;fsw;wJ. flTs; xNu Neuj;jpy; ,uz;LkhfTk; ,Uf; fpwhu;
vd `pe;J kjk; $WfpwJ.) jdpj;j i]gUf;F vq;NfDk; ,af;fg; gz;G cz;lh
vd;d? vz;fSf;Fj; jhd; Fwp cz;L. i]gUf;F vq;NfDk; ikd]; i]gu;>
g;s]; i]gu; vdf; Fwpaplg;gl;L gad;gLj;jpaij ehk; fz;L Nfs;tpg;gl;lJz;Nlh?

Mf> vr;rj;NjhL (mjhtJ kPjpAld;) tFgLjy; vd;gij Nrhuk; Nghjy;>
mbgzpjy;> tpiy Nghjy; Nghd;w kdpj Fzq;fNshL xg;gpl ,aYNkahdhy;>
mg;gbg; gl;l ,e;j xg;gPL Vw;W mq;fP fupf;fg;glTk; ,aYNkahdhy; gfh vz; Nghd;w
kdpju;fis vjw;Fk; Nrhuk; Nghfhjtu;fshAk; ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk;> ve;j epiyapYk;
Nrhuk; Nghfhjtu;fsha;> (,lk;> nghUs;> fhyk; vd;w epkpj;j fhuzq;fSf;F)
mbgzpahjtu;fsha;> tpiy Nghfhjtu;fsha; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. ( mbgzpjYk;
,Utifapy; eilngwyhk; xd;W mr;r trj;jhy; Ml;gl;L mjw;fbgzpe;J
eilngWtjha; ,Uf; fyhk;. my; yJ 2) Mir trj;jhy; mjhtJ rgy trj;Jf;F
Ml;gl;L eilngWtjha; ,Uf; fyhk;.)

Raeyk; vd;w gz;Geyd; xU rpwpJ> rpW mw;g mstpNyNa ,Ue;jhYk; $l
mtu;fis rhjhuz vz;fspd; tupirazpapy; js;sptpl KbAk;. vz;fspd;
vz;zpf;if VWtupirapy;; ngUFtij kdpj Fyj;jpd; gy;fpg; GOj;Jg; ngUFk; kf;fs;
njhifAld; xg;gpl KbAk;.> mg;gbg; gl;l me;j kf;fs; njhifapd; xl;L nkhj;jf;
Fzhk;raq;fisNa gfh vz;fisAk; cs; slf;fpa nka;naz;fspd;
Fzhk;rq;fSf;Fk; nghUj;jpg; Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. Fiwthd vz;zpf;ifapy;
RUq;fpa mstpdjha; ,Ue;j NghJ vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfkhapUe;j gfh vz;fisg;
NghyNt Fiwthd vz;zpf;ifapy; kf;fs; njhif ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; jukhd
kdpju;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; xU FiwT ,Ue;jjpy;iy. mJNt vz;zpf;ifapy;;
gy;fpg; GOj;J VWtupirapy; ngUFifapy; me;j tpfpjhr;rhuj;ij mDrupg;gJ Nghd;w
xU vz;zpf;ifapy; vg;gb gfh vz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; mjpfupg;gjpy;iyNah
mg;gbNa jhd; ey;y jukhd kdpju;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; xU gw;whf;Fiwg; gQ;rNk
epyTfpwJ..

vz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;j tiuapy; VWtupirapy; gy;fpg; GOj; Jg;
ngUFifapy; gfh vz;fs; xU xOq;fw;w tupirapYk; mstpy; ngupa mRu
vz;fshd Njhw;wg; Gyg;ghl;LlDk; jhd; ntspg;ghl;Lf;F tUfpd;wd. mj; jifa
Fwpg;gpl;l xU ngupa mRu gfh vz; vq;Nf ve;j msT ngupajhd xU tbtj;jpy;
vg;gb(vj;jidahtJ gfh vz;zhf) tUk; vd;gij Kd; $l;bNa mwpe;J nfhs;s
fzpjtpaypy; vg;gb VJk; (jw;rkaj;jpy;) toptif ,y;iyNah mg; gbNa jhd; vdJ
tp~aj;jpw;Fk; . ,uhkhD[j;jpw;F xU `hu;b Nghy> ,uhgul; f;isTf;F xU Nkhu;];
Nghy> khu;fd;> ghNfhngd;Df;F xU khu;f; ]; vq;nfy;]; Nghy> khu;f;]; >
vq;nfy;]{f;F xU nydpd; Nghy> nydpDf;F xU ];lhypd; Nghy vdf;fhd> vdJ
fpd;d]; kWjypg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd kPl;gu; (Gutyu;) ,e;j gue;j kdpj Fy rKj;jpuj;
jpuSf;Fs; vq;Nf vg;gb nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sdNuh? vy;yhk; ty;y me;j
,aw;iff;Nf ntspr;rk;.

ghu;it tisaj;jpd; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l xU gug;Gf;Fs; cs; s tiuaiw nra;ag;ggl;l
gfh vz;fisj; NjLjy; vd;gNj itf;Nfhy; Nghu; Crpiag; Nhyj; jhd; Njl
Ntz;bAs;sJ vd;why; ghu;itg; Gyj;jpd; tiuaiwf;F ntspNa cs;s xU
tl;lj;jpd; njhL NfhL (tangent) Nghy mikag; ngw;w gfh vz;fisg; gw;wp vy;yhk;
nrhy;y Ntz;baNj ,y;iy. mstpy; rpwpa xU gfh vz; vd;gJ xU Foe;ijapd;>
fs;sq;fglkw;w koiy epu;thzk; Nghy. gzk;> gjtp> Mrhghrk;> gak;> ghYzu;T
Nghd;w mbg;gilf; fiwfs; gbahjJ. ,d;dKk; Nrhuk; NghfhjJ. Nrhuk; Nghjy;
vd;gjw;F nghUs; mu;j;jNk $lj; njupahjJ. ahtUk; fhzf; fpilg;gJ. vspjpy;
Gyg;glf; $baJ. Gyg;ghl;Lj; Njhw;wj;Jf; F cl;gLj;JtJk; vspJ. Mdhy; mstpy;
ngupanjhU gfh vz; tp~aNkh ed;F tsu;e;j kdpju;fspd; fgl epu;thzk; Nghy.
fgl tl;lj;jpd; tpl;l msitg; nghWj;jJ. thd; fpufq;fspd; cg;giyg; Nghd;wJ.
ghu;itg; Gyg;ghl;bd; tuk;ngy;iyf;F mg;ghw;g;gl;lJ. mJ rhu;ghdJ. ,lk;> nghUs;>
fhyk;> Vty;> kdpju;fisg; nghWj;jJ. mjd; Gyg;ghl;Lj; Njhw;wkhdJ Gtpg;ge;jpd;
tl;lj; jd;ikiag; ghu;j;J czu ,g; Gtpnaq;Fk; miye;J jpupe;J vq;F
NjbdhYk;> vg;gbj; NjbdhYk;> mjw;Fj; Njhjhd trjpahd xU ,lk; vg;gb ,e;jg;
Gtpg; ge;jpw;Fs;NsNa mjd; Gwg;gug;gpd; NkNyNa ,Ue;J nfhz;L NjLk; tiu
ek;khy; fz;Lgpbf;f KbahNjh> fpilf;fhNjh mg;gbj; jhd;. (mjhtJ rhjhuz
ghku mwptpw;F)



mbg;gilj; jdpkq;fisAk;> nka;naz;fspd; fzj; njhFjpiaAk; Muha;tJ vd;gJ
xU tifapy;> kdpj Fzq;fisNa Muha;tJ Nghyj; jhd; Nghy. vd;d jhd;
vz;fis Muha;e;jhYk;> mtw;wpYk; gpb nfhLf;fhj gfh vz;fs; vg;gbNah fpl;lj;
jl;l mg;gb jhd; jdpk Muha;r;rpapYk;. vz;fisg; Nghy; vy;iyapy; yhj
vz;zpf;ifapy; cs; sitay;y mit vd;w NghjpYk; mq;Fk;> mitAk; > rpy gfh
vz; Fzq;fisg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. ,aw;ifapd; gilg; gpy; 92 jdpkq;fshf mit
,d;W Rl;lg;gl;lhYk; ,e;jj; 92 jdpkq;fSf;Fs;shfj; jhd; nghUl;fspd; %d;W
Kf;fpa tbtq;fshd jpl> jput> thA epiyfs; fhzg;gl;lhYk;> me;jj; jpl> jput>
thAg; nghUl;fis epu;zapf;fpw mk;rq;fshf kpd; dZf;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;>
mjpYk; ntspg;glhj VNjh xU #l;Rkk; ,aw;ifapd; #l;Rkk; cs; sJ vd;gJ kl;Lk;
GupfpwJ. Mdhy; mJ vd;d. ve; j tpjkhd #l;Rkk; vd;gJ gfh vz;fisg; NghyNt
,d;dKk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kbahj xU ku;k Kbr;rhfNt cs; sJ.

vg;gb tz;zq;fs;> uhfq;fs; gy Mapuf; fzf;fpy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mtw;wpd;
mbg;gilfs; VO ];tuq;fSf;Fs;> VO epwq;fSf;Fs; mlf;fNkh mg;gb.
gUg;nghUl;fspd; fyg;G tiffs; gyf; Nfhbf;fzf;fpy; ,Ue;jhYk;> mtw;wpd;
mbg;gil tiffs; 92-k; %d;Nw epiyfspy;; mlf;fk;. (jpl> jput> thA epiyia
kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. gpugQ;r Mjpf; fzj;jpy;> mz;lg; ngU ntbg;gpd; NghJ
Vw;gl;l ngU ntg; gepiyapy; mZf;fSk;> mZf;fSf;F mbg; gilahd mjk
mZf;fSk; Njhd;wpa me;jg; ngU ntg;g epiyf;F nry; yNt Ntz;lhk;>
me;epiyapy; gUg;nghUNs ,d;Dk; KOikahfj; Njhd;wpapuhj me;epiyia VNjh
g;sh];kh vd;nwy;yhk; tu;zpf;fpwhu;fNs me; j epiy tiu vy;yhk; ehk; Mo;e;J
nry;y Ntz;lhk;. ,g;Nghijf;F ,e;j jpl jput thA vd;w 3 epiyfSf;Fs; kl;Lk;
epd;W nfhz;L tpthjpg;Nghk;)

xU nts;is(#upa)xspapy; VO epwq;fSk; ,Ue;jhYk;> ,e;j VO epwq;fSf;Fk;
mbg;gil %d;W gpujhd epwq;fshd rptg;G> Cjh> gr;ir kl;LNk. vg;gb ,e;jg;
gpugQ;rj;jpy; Ntfj;jpw;F xU filrp cr;r tuk;G cs; sNjh> fpl;lj;jl;l mg;gbNa
gUg; nghUs;fspd; epiwf;Fk; xU cr;r tuk;G tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ NghYk;.
ANudpaj;jpw;F mg;ghy; ,aw;if ve;j xU gUg;nghUisAk; gilj;jpUg;gjhfj;
njupatpy;iy. nraw;if Kiwapy; kdpjd; ANudpaj;ijf; fhl;bYk; mj;jifa fd
jdpkq;fis cUthf;fpdhYk;> my;yJ cUthf;f Kaw;rpj;jhYk; mit ]; jpuj;
jd;ik ngw;wjha; ,y;iy. NkYk; mg;gb cUthf;fg;gLk; mtw;wpd; Mal;fhyq;fSk;
mw;gj; jpYk; mw;gk;. Mf jdpkq;fspd; mZ epA+f;spa]; vj;jidf; fd(z)k;
nghUe;jpajha; ,Uf; fyhk; vd;gjw; Fk; ,aw;if xU filrp cr;r tuk;G
epu;zapj;Js; sJ. 92 GNuhl;lhd;fSf;F Nky; nrd;why; mj; jifa mZf;fspd;
epiyg;Gj; jd;ik epiyapy;yhjjha;> mw;g Mal;fhyq;fisf; nfhz;ljha; jhd;
cs; sJ. ,e; jg; gpugQ;rj;jpy; ,af;f Ntfj;jpw; F vg;gb xU tuk;ngy; iyahf xspia
,aw;if epu;zapj;Js; sNjh> mNj Nghy; jhd; Ez;zpa gUg;nghUs;fspd; fdj;
jd;ikf;Fk; xU cr;r tuk;ig epu;zapj;Js; sJ.




kdpj Fy FLk; g tuyhw;wpd; Vlwpah tuyhw;Wf;fhyj;jpy; je;ijAupikf; fzr;
r%f mikg;Gf;Fg; G+u;thq;fkhd xU jhAupikf; fzr; r%f mikg;G ,Ue;jJ
vd;gijAk;> mjd; Kf;fpakhd Fzhk;rq;fis kWgbAk; epu;khzk; nra;J fhl;rpg;
Gyg;gLj;jKbAk; vd;Wk; ep&gpj;j mnkupf;f khu;fdpd; Ntiy xU ehisa
Ntiyay;y. fpl;lj;jl;l mtuJ KO tho;ehisAk; nrytpl;L nra;j Muha;r;rp mJ.
Rkhu; 40 tUlq;fs; jkJ tp~ahjhuq;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;sg; Nghuhb Kbtpy; KO
ntw;wpAk; ngw;wtu;. mjdhy; jhd; vq;nfy;]; mtuJ E}iyj; jk; fhyj;jpd; rfhg;j
rpU~;bfukhd E}y;fspy; (khu;fdpd; E}Yk;) xd;W vd;W tu;zpf;fpwhu;. khu;f; ];>
vq;nfy;]; Nghd;w Af GU~u;fspd; ghu;it kl;Lk; cupa Neuj;jpy; khu;fd;>
ghNfhngd; Nghd;Nwhu;fspd; E}y; kPJ glhky; NghapUe;jhy; ,Ul;;lbg;G nra;ag;gl;l
vj;jidNah kdpju;fspy; xUtuha; mtu;fSk;> fhy nts;sk; nfhz;L nrd;w
vj;jidNah jlakpy;yh RtLfspd; tupirapy; mtu;fspd; E}Yk; xd;wha; fye;J>
kiwe;J> kz;NzhL kz;zha; kf;fpg; NghapU(f;FNkh)g;ghu;fNsh vd;dNth?

ey;y Ntis mg;gb vy; yhk; VJk; ele;J tpltpy;iy. mij me; j
,aw;ifAk; mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. mDkjpf;fhjJld; me;j ,Ul;lbg;G Kaw;rpiaAk;
Nru;j;J cyfj;jpw;F mk;gyg;gLj;j xU khu;f; ];> vq;nfy;];> nydpd; Nghd;NwhiuAk;
mDg;gp itj; jJ. ,aw;ifapd; me;j uh[ fl;lisia epiwNtw;w> mjw;fhf
mtu;fs; gl;l Ntjid> Jd;gk; vd;gJ ve;j xU ruhrup kdpjDk; jhq;f ,ayhj
xd;W. jq;fsJ mwpT Neu;ikapypUe;J xU rpwpJ Nrhuk; Nghfr; rk;kjpj;jpUe;jhy;
$lg; NghJk;. mJ mtu;fspd; nghUshjuhu tho;f;ifia mjd; %yk; mtu;fspd;
,f> gu cyf tho;f;ifapd; nrsfu;aq;fis vt;tsNth Nkk;gLj;jpapUf;ff; $Lk;.
Mdhy; mg;gbr; nra;jhu;fsh vdpy; . fLfsTk; mZtsTk; ,y;yNtapy;iy vd;gJ
jhd;. mjpy; jhd; mtu;fspd; fhtpar; rpwg;Ng> fhtpaj; jpUg;gNk xspe;J
nfhz;Ls;sJ. mJ jhd; mtu;fsJ kfh kd cWjp. ituhf;fpak;. Neu;ik> MSik.
,jd; fhuzkhfNt mtu;fsJ Nkijikj;jdj;jpw;fhf my;y> mtu;fsJ Nrhuk;
Nghfhj ew; Fzq;fSf;fhfNt ,d;W Kjyhspj;Jt mwpQu;fshYk; $l kjpf;fg;gl;L
kwf;fg;glhj epidT$wj; jf;ftu;fsha; ek; fhyj;J tuyhw;W Af GU~u;fsha;
tpsq;Ffpwhu;fs; .

,e;J kjj;jpy; xt;nthU kdpjDk; filgpbf;f Ntz;ba xU gz;ghf Rajh;kk;
vd;w xU gz;G gw;wpf; Fwpg; gplg;gLk;. NfhlhD Nfhb ,e;Jf; fNs filgpbf;f
,ayhky; eOtpa me;j Raju;kk; vd;w gz; ig kdKte;J filgpbj;j me;j 19-k;
E}w;whz;L kpNyr;rfu;fshd khu;fDk;> ghNfhngDk; $l kdpj Fyj;jpd;
khzpf;fq;fshfg; Nghw;wpg; Gfoj; jf;ftu;fNs. gpd;dhy; xU ehs; vq;Nfh Xuplj;jpy;
fhu;y; khu;f; ];> vq;nfy;];> nydpd; Nghd;wtu;fs; Njhd;Wthu;fs; > mtu;fs; ekJ
gzpapd; kpr;r kPjj;ij tpl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J njhl;Lj; njhlu;e;J gzpahw;Wthu;fs;>
mifahy; mtu;fs; ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; vd;wh jkJ gzpiaj;
njhlq;fpdhu;fs; ? vd; fld; gzp nra;jy; vDk; nghd;nkhopf;fpzq;f my;yth
gzpahw;wp tho;e;J Kbe;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; .

gyd;> tpisT fpl;LNkh my;yJ fpl;lhky; Ngha;tpLNkh vd;W mQ;rp> mQ;rp
gaj;jpNdhL my;y> (gyd; fpl;LfpwJ my;yJ fpl;lhky; NghfpwJ vd;gJ NtW) tUk;
vjpu;fhyj; jiyKiwf;fhd jkJ gq;if> gq;fspg;ig jhk; njs;sj; njspthf>
Iae;jpupgw> re;Njfj;jpw;F xU rpwpJk; ,lkpd;wp rpwg;Gld; gzp Mw;wpNdhkh
,y;yiyah? vd;w jq;fspd; nrhe;j kdrhl;rpapd;> nrhe;j me;juhj;khtpd; Nfs;tpf;Fg;
gae;jy;yth gzpahw;wpdhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ njhlf;fg;gzp kl;Lk; ,y;iy vd;why;
fhuy; khu;f;]; > vq;nfy;];> nydpd; Nghd;wtu;fshfNt mtu;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;
mtu;fsJ ,Wjpg;gzp vd;gJ mt;tsT vspjpy; kfj;Jtk; ngw;wpUf;f KbahJ.
gpe;ijatu;fspd; me;jf; fhyf; fl;lj;jpw;Nfw;wg; gzp ,y;iy vd;why;
Ruz;lYf;nfjpuhd njhopyhsu;fSf;nfd;Nw mike;j gpuj;Nahfkhd xU nghJTlik
rpj;jhe;jKk; Njhd;wpapUf;f KbahJ. Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; nfhLq;Nfhd;ik ,d;dKk;
F&ukhfj; jiytpupj;jhbapUf;ff; $Lk;.

jpiug;gl ghi~apy; mjpYk; Kjyhspj;Jtj; jpiug;gl ghi~apNyNa
$Wtnjd;why;> fdT Ntl;il (inception) vd;w `hypTl; jpiug;glj;jpd; fhl;rp
xd;iwj; jhd; ,q;F epidT $wj; Njhd;WfpwJ. mj; jpiug;glf; fjhg; ghj;jpuk;
xd;W $WtJ Nghy; ,t;tuyhw;Wg; GU~u;fs; ahTk; cyf kdpj Fy ed;ikf;fhf
jq;fs; tho;T KOtijAk; ypk;Nghtpy; khl;bf; nfhz;l tho;f;ifahfNt
fopj;Js;shu;fs; vd;W jhd; nrhy;y Ntz;bAs;sJ. Gw cyfg; Nghuhl;l tho;Tf;Fj;
jhd; vd;wpy;iy. mf cyf tho;tpd; Nghuhl;lq;fSf;Fk; ,e;j ypk;Nghtpy; khl;bf;
nfhz;l cjhuzk; gad;gLk; . fpl;lj;jl;l ,e;j ,Nj ypk;Ngh epiy Nghd;w xU
epiy gw;wp> mij epidTgLj;JtJ Nghy ,e;jpahtpd; gpugy Md;kPfj; jiytu;
xUtUk; NgrpAs;shu;. mtu; NtW ahUkpy;iy. Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; Md;kPf
FUthd =uhkfpU~;z guk`k;ru; jhk; mtu;;;. uhkfpU~;zUk; fpl;lj; jl;l ,e;j
ypk;Ngh epiynahj;j xU epiy gw;wpg; NgrpAs;shu;.

nkhj;jj;jpy; mo; e;J rpe;jpf;fpw> jpahdpf;fpw> my;yJ cs; Szu;tpd; kpf
Mokhd epiyf;Fr; nry;Yk; vtu; xUtUf;Fk; me;j `hypTl;j; jpiug;glj; jpd; glf;;
fjh ghj;jpuq;fs; $WtJ Nghd;w mg;gbg; gl;l xU ypk;Ngh epiy Vw;gl;Nl jPUk;.
mj;jifa epiyapy; Gw cyfpw;Fs; Sk; mtu;fsJ (mjhtJ ahu; mj;jifa xU
ypk;Ngh epiyapy; khl;bf; nfhz;Ls;shu;fNsh mtu;fsJ) fhy epiyapy; xU fhy
kaf;fKk; (xU gpwo;epiyAk;) Vw;gl;Nl jPUk;. jdpg;gl;l tpjj;jpy; ,J tp~aj;jpy;
mbNaDf;Fk; xU rpwpJ mw;g msTf;fhtJ Vw;gl;l mDgtj;jpdhNyNa ,ij
,g;gbf; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;bAs;sJ. jpiug;glj; jpy; > fdTyfpy; rpy kzp Neuq;fs;
vd;gJ ep[ cyfpy; rpy epkplq;fNs vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ mJTk; $l xU
tifapy; rupNa.

Mdhy; Id;];Bdpd; rhu;gpay; jj;Jtk; vd;W (vd;iwf;F) ep&gdkhd xU
jj;Jtk; vd Nkw;fj;jpa tpQ;Qhd cyfhy; vd;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lNjh
md;iwf;Nf fhykaf;fk; gw;wpa tp~aj;jpy; gUg;nghUs;fspd; ,af;f NtfKk;
fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba xd;wha; xU epu;ge;j mtrpaj;ij
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. Kjypy; kdk; vd;why; vd;dntd;Nw xU njspTgLj; jhky; me;j
kdj;jpw;Fs; GFe; J me; j kdj; jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; cs; s xU tp~aj;ij jpULtJ
my;yJ mijf; ifahs;tJ vd;gijg; gw; wpg; NgRtJ vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
Kbatpy;iy jhd;> [Puzpf;f mt;tsT vspjha; ,y; iy jhd; vd;w NghjpYk; me; j
`hypTl; glj;jpYk; $l mwptpay; fUj;Jf; fspd; rpy $Wfs; glk; gazpf;Fk; me;j
mtru Ntfj;jpYk; Kbe;j tiu ms;spj; njspf;fg;gl;Ls;sij ehk; kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.
nkhj;jj;jpy; vt;tsT jhd; mwptpay; fUj;Jf; fis ms;spj; njspj;J glk;
vLj;jpUe;jhYk; mJ xU jpiug;glNk. xU nghOJ Nghf;Fj; jpiug;glk; vd;gJ
vd;iwf;Fk; Kw;w KOf;f xU mjpfhug;G+u; t mwptpay; Mfp tpl KbahJ jhd;.
Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. MdhYk; Mokhd xU mwptpay; rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Ltjha; xU
nghOJ Nghf;Fj; jpiug;glk; mikANkahdhy; mijNa $l xU ey;y
J}z;LNfhshf> ce;J tpirahf Vd; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gNj ,q;F vd;
tpdh?.

kPz;Lk; ika tp~aj;jpw;F tUNthk;. .

ypk;Nghtpy; me;jg; glj; jpd; fjhehafd; kdpj kdq;fspy; Njhd;Wfpw
fdTfisNa mjhtJ vz;zq;fisNa jpULgtdhfTk;> gioanjhU vz;zj;ij
mopj;J tpl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; xU Gjpa vz;zj;ij tpijg;gtdhfTk; $l
tpsq;Fthd;. mjhtJ xU fk;g;A+l;lu; g;nuhf;fpuhku; vg;gb xU fzpdpapy; xU gioa
nkd;nghUis ePf;fk; nra;J tpl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; xU Gjpa nkd;nghUisg;; gjpT
nra;fpwhNuh fpl;lj;jl;l mg;gb. xU fzpdp nkd;nghUshsu; fzpdpapd; td;nghUspy;
nra;tij ,tu; kdpj kdq;fspy; nra;fpwhu;. kdpj kdq;fspy; xU gioa vz;zg;
gjpit ePf;fp tpl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; xU Gjpa vz;zg; gjpitg; gjpTnra;Ak;
ty;yikAs;stuhfr; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;bUg;ghu;.

me;jj; jpiug;glj;jpd; xU ,lj;jpy; ,g;gb xU fhl;rp tUk;. xU cyff; NfhB];tuu;
xUtupd; kfd; kdj;jpy; mtuJ je;ij itj;J tpl;Lr; nry;Yk; khngUk; me; jr;
nry;tj;ij gad;gLj;j tplhky; jLf;ff; $ba vz;z tpij xd;iw tpijf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fj; jhd; ekJ `PNuhtpd; cjtp tpy;yd; NfhB];tuu; xUtUf;Fj;
Njitg;gLk;. tpy;yd; NfhB];tuUf;Nfh jhd; kl;LNk cyfpd; jiyikf;
NfhB];tudhf jdJ fhyj;jpy; tpsq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nguhir. mjw;Fj; jilahf
cs; s xNu guk vjpup kw;nwhU NfhB];tuu; kw;Wk; mtuJ jpuz;l me;j
nrhj;Jf; fs;. jdJ fdT (ngUk; tpUg;gk;) epiwNtWtjw;F VJthfg; Nghl;bf;
NfhB];tuupd; jpuz;l nrhj;Jf; fis mtuJ nrhe;j kfNd> mtuJ nrhe;j
tpUg;gj;jpy; mijg; Gwf;fzpf;fr; nra;gtdhf khw;w Ntz;Lk;. mijAk;> mtdJ
Mo;kdj;jpy; mg;gb xU vz;zj;ij tpijg;gjd; %yk;> jd;idawpahky; jhNd
mij nraw;gLj;JtdhfTk; mtidNa kdcUkhw;wKk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

xU kdpjid mtDf;F vjpuhd ghjfkhd xU fhupaj;jpw;F mtdJ nrhe;j
kdj;ijNa gad;gLj;jj; J}z;LtJ vd;w ,e; jf; fbdkhd fhupaj;jpw;F> je;ijf;Fk;
kfDf;Fk; ,ilNa rpW gpzf;fha; cUntLj;J ngupa ,ilntspahfNt
khwpapUe;j je;ij kfd; ghrg; Nghuhl;lj;ijNa ier;rpakhf ,jw;Fg; gad;gLj; jpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy. ,J jhd; tpy;yd; kw;Wk; `PNuh ,tu;fspd; ,ize;j
iffs; jpl;lk;. nghJtha; jpiug;glq;fspy; tpy;yd; vd;why; `PNuhTf;F vjpuhf rjp
nra;gtuhfTk; mjid vjpu;j;J tpy;ydpd; rjpia Kwpabj;J ntw;wp ngWNthdhfTk;
`PNuh rpj;jupf;fg; gLtJ jhd; cyf ,ay;G. Mdhy; ,j; jpiug;glj;jpNyh
`PNuhTf;Fk; tpy;ydpd; cjtp Njitg;gLfpwJ. tpy;yDf;Fk; `PNuh cjtp fl;lhak;
Njit vd;w epiy. fijapd; mk;rk; mg;gb. fij jhd; ,j; jpiug;glj;jpd;
cz;ikahd `PNuh. ek; jkpo;> ,e;jpaj; jpiug;glq;fs; vd;iwf;F ,g;gbg; gl;l
khWgl;l Nfhzq;fspy; glk; vLg;ghu;fNsh?.

,e;j epiyapy; me; jf; NfhB];tuj; je;ij tpiutpy; kuzg; gLf;ifapy;
,g;gNth mg;gNth vdg; Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nra;jpAk; ek; `PNuh> tpy;yd; Bik
te;jilfpwJ. nrhj;Jf; fspd; capy; kfDf;Fr; rhjfkhfkhfNt vOjg;gl;bUe;jhYk;
kfNd mij kdKte;J jhNd epuhfupf;Fk; tpjkhf xU vz;z tpijia mtd;
kdj;jpy; tpijf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;l me;j rthyhdg; gzpf;F ekJ `PNuhtpw;F
vg;gbAk; me;jf; NfhB];tu kfd; kaf;fj;jpNyh> J}f;fj;jpNyh ,Uf; Fk; xU ePz;l
(gj;J kzp) Neuk; Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;fpilapy; me; jf; NfhB];tuj; je; ij
,we;Jk; tpLfpwhu;. kfd; M];jpNuypahtpy;. je;ijapd; gpNujk; th~pq;ldpy;. ,Wjpr;
rlq;fpw;fhfg; gazpf;Fk; me;j ePz;l tpkhdg; gazj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s
ekJ tpy;yd; `PNuh Bk; nubahfpwJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf tpy;yd; NfhB];tuu; rpl;dp-th~pq;ld; tpkhdg;
Nghf;Ftuj;J Vu;iyd; xd;iwNa tpiyf;F thq;Ffpwhu;. tpkhdk; Nlf; M/g;
Mtjw;Fss;shfNt NfhB];tu kfDk; Mo;e;j ePz;l neba kaf;fj;Jf; Fk;
cs; shf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,dp fij KOtJk; me;j kaf;f epiyapYs;stu;fspilNa
Vw;glf; $ba fdT epiy gw;wpajha; efu;fpwJ. me;jf; NfhB];tu kfdpd;
kaf;fepiyapy; mtDf;Fs; xU fdT tpijf;fg;gl;L me;jf; fdtpd; topNa ekJ
`PNuh tpy;yd; Bk; mtuJ Mo;kdJf;Fs;> mjhtJ me;jf; NfhB];tu ,isQdpd;
Mo;kd cs; Szu;Tf;Fs; Eioe;J jq;fs; fhupaj;ijr; rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;s
vj;jdpf;fpwJ. Mdhy; me;jf; NfhB];tu ,isQDk; ,tu;fisg; NghyNt Vw;fdNt
gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl;ltd; vd;gjhy; ,tu;fspd; jpl;lk; ,ilapy; ghohfpwJ. me;jf;
NfhB];tu ,isQdpd; cs; Szu;thy; cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;j mtuJ cs; Szu;T
nrf;A+upl;bfs; tpy;yd; NfhB];tuiuf; fdTf; Fs; ele;j rz;ilapy; khu;gpy; Mokhf
Rl;LtpLtu;. ,g;NghJ tpy; yd; NfhB];tuu; rhff; fplf;fpwhu;. fdTf;Fs; jhd;.

rhjhuzkhff; fdT vd;why; jpiug;glj;jpy; kl;Lk;jhd; vd;wpy;iy> ep[j;jpYk;
$l fdtpy; rhfg; NghtJ NghyNth my;yJ mbgl;lhNyh> my;yJ jhf;fg;gl;lhNyh
tpopg;G te;J tpLk;. Mdhy; ,q;Nf ,JNth (mjhtJ ekJ `PNuh> tpy;yd; Bkpd;
,e;jg; GJKaw;rpNah) fdTf;Fs; fdT vd;w cs; Szu;tpd; kpf Moj;jpy; Mo;kd
kl;lj;jpy; elf;Fk; gupNrhjid Kaw;rpiag; Nghd;wJ vd;gjhy; nfhLf;fg; gl;l kaf;f
kUe;jpd; fdkhd Nlh]; fhuzkhf tpopg;G epiy mt;tsT vspjpy; te;JtplhJ.
mjw;Fg; gjpyhf rhfg; Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUg;gtu; NfhkhTf;Fs; nry;y tha;g;Gs;sJ.
Mdhy; nkhj;j BKk; xUtNuhL xUtu; rk;ge;jgl;l xU nghJf; fdTf;Fs; khl;bf;
nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> fdtpy; tpy;yd; NfhB];tuUf;Fr; rhT vd;whNyh my;yJ
mtUf;Ff; Nfhkh epiy vd;whNyh mtuJ fdNthL ,izf;fg; gl;Ls;s ,th;fSk;
ghJfhg;ghf ntspNa tu ,ayhJ. mtu; fdTf;Fs; ,tu;fSk; khl;bf; nfhs;s
tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ. my;yJ mg;gbNa ghJfhg;ghf `PNuhtpd; Bk; kl;Lk; vy;NyhUk;
jg;gpj;J ntspNa te;jhYk; ep[ ntsp cyfpYk; me;jf; NfhB];tut tpy;ydpd;
cjtp Njitg; gLfpwJ.

tpkhdk; kPz;Lk; Nyz;l; MFk; mnkupf;f tpkhd epiyaj;jpNyh `Nuh cs;Ns
Eioe;jhNy NghJk; Vw;fdNtNa mnkupf;fg; NghyP]; fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;sJ ekJ
jiykiwTf; Fw;wthspahd `PNuhitg; gpbf;f. `PNuh Nky; Vw;fdNtNa fhty;
Jiwapd; tof;F xd;Wk; cs; sJ. mjhtJ mtuJ kidtpapd; jw;nfhiyf;F ,tu;
jhd; fhuzk; vd;W mtuJ kidtpNa jtwhdg; Gupjy; fhuzkhf vOjpa fbjj;jhy;
,tiuf; ifJ nra;af; fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. cz;ik epiyiag; NghyP]{f;Fk;
$lg;Gupa itf;f ,ayhJ jiykiwT tho;f;if xUGwk;. kWGwk; mtuJ ,e; jf;
fdT Ntl;ilj; jpwik fhuzkhf gzf;fhu thbf;ifahsu;fshNyNa g;shf;
nkapYk; nra;ag; gLfpwhu;. xUGwk; NghyP]; > kWGwk; ,ij eP nra;J Kbf;f
tpy;iynad;why; cd; Foe;ijfSld; epk;kjpahf tho KbahJ. n[apYf;Fj; jhd;
nry;y NeupLk; vd;w kpul;ly; epiyapNyNa ,g;NghJ me;j tpy;yd; NfhB];tuUf;fhf
mtu; rhu;gha; fsj;jpy; ,wq;fpAs;shu;.

Mdhy; fhupak; ntw;wpfukhf Kba Ntz;Lk; vd;w ce;JjypdhYk;>
MtypdhYk; ,e;jf; fdTg; gazj;jpy; mtUk; (tpy;yDk;) xU ^up];lhf Nru;e;J
gazg;gl;lhYk;> fdTf;Fs; mtu; vjpu;ghuhjtpjkhf Rl;Lj; js;sg;gLfpwhu;. ,Nj
epfo;T xU rhjhuzkhd fdT vd;why; Rlg;gl;lJk; mtUf;F tpopg;G te;jpUf;Fk; .
Mdhy; `Nuhtpd; ,e;jf; fdT Ntl;ilapNyh cs; Szu;tpd; kpf Moj;jpw;F nry;y
Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf Bk; nkhj;jKk; ey;y n`tp Nlh]; kaf;f kUe;jpd; JizAld;
kaf;fj;jpy; Mo;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. tof;fkhd fdT Kiwapy; rhtJ Nghy;>
kuzgaj;Jld; $ba fdT vd;why; clNd tpopg;Gf;F te;JtpLk rhj;jpak; ,e;j
n`tp Nlh]; kaf;fepiyf; fdtpy; mJ rhj;jpakpy;iy. kaf;f kUe;jpd; n`tp
Nlh]; fhuzkhf ,e;jf; fdtpy; mJ (tpopj;Jf; nfhs;tJ) rhj;jpakpy;iy. khwhff;
NfhkhTf;Fs; Mo;e;J tpLk; mghaKs;sJ. mg;gb mtu;fs; midtUk; NfhkhTf;Fs;
khl;bf; nfhs;thu;fNsahdhy;> gpd; ntspAyfpy; mtu;fspd; epiy> ,d;Dk; rpf;fy;
kpFe;jjha; khwptpLk;.

Mifahy; ,e;j n`tp Nlh]; kaf;fepiyapy;> mjhtJ jpl;lkpl;l xU fdTf;Fs;
mtu;fsJ jpl;lj;jpw;fg; ghw;gl;l rpy neUf;fbfspypU;J vg;gbahtJ jg;gpNa Mf
Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. me; neUf;fb epiyapypUe;J> vg;gb kPz;L
midtUk; ghJfhg;ghf kPz;Lk; edTyFf; Fj; jpUk;Gfpwhu;fs; vd;gJ jhd; kPjpf;
fij. ,e;jj; jpiug;glj;jpd; gyf; fhl;rpfspilNa ehd; i`iyl; nra;a tpUk;Gk;
fhl;rp> trdk;> fUj;JU ypk;NghTf;Fs; khl;bf; nfhs;Nthk; vd;w me;jf; fUj;JU
jhd;. jpiug;glj;jpd; me;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l fhl;rpapd; trdq;fis ,q;F mg;gbNa
jUfpNwd;

N` mtU typy Jbr;Rl;bUf;fhU> mtu ehk vOg;gDk; .
,y;y mtuhy vOe; jpupf;f KbahJ.
vd;dh Nf..id khjpup Ngrw. rhtw khjpup fdT te;jh ehk ve;jpupr;R jhNd MfDk;.
,y;y ,Jy mg;Gb KbahJ. Vd;dh kaf;f kUe;J nuhk;g n`tpah
nfhLj;JUf;Nfhk;.
mg;g ,e;jf; fdtpy nrj;jh vd;d jhd; MFk;?
ypk;Nght;y khl;bf;FNthk;.
]Pupa]hth nrhy;w
ypk;Ngh-d;dh? (,J me;j Mu;f;fpl;nlf;l; nghz;Z upahdp)
mJ KbNt ,y;yhj xU fdTr;Roy;>
me;j RoYf;Fs;s vd;d ,Uf; F?
vz;z KbahjsTf;F epidtiyfs; mjj; jtpu Ntw vJTk; mq;f ,y;y.
mJyUe;J ntspNawDk;dh ,Jf;F Kd;dhb mNj epidtiyfs;s rpf;fpf;fpl;L
fdt N~u; gd;dDtq;fshy jhd; KbAk;. ,e;jf; Nf]g; nghWj; jtiu mJ ePjhd;
(mjhtJ fjhehafd; jhd;)
mq;f vt;tsT Neuk; jhd; khl;bf;fpl;L ,Uf; fwJ?
kaf;f kUe;Njhl v/gf;l; Fiwaw tiuf;Fk; ahUk; ,Jy ,Ue;J; jg;g KbahJ.
vt;tsT Neuk; mjhd; MFk; A+]{g; ?;
thuk;> khrk;> tU~k; vt;s Ntzh Mfyhk;. mJf;Fs;sNa ,Uf; fw fh/g;/g
NfSq;f.
i~l;Nlht Nky nfhz;L Nghq;f. fkhd;.
vdf;Fj; Njt. Njq; A+. N]h ehk /gp~Nuhl fdTf;Fs;s khl;b> mtd; Mu;kpNahl
Nghuhbl;Uf;Nfhk;. ,Jy ehk nrj;Jl;lk;dh> upay; iy/g;y ehk fhyk; G+uh Nfhkh
];Nl[;ya ,Uf;fDk; ,y;y. k;`{k;;
,e;j khjpup Mgj;JUf; FD cdf;F njupAk;> Vd; Kd;dhbNa nrhy;yy.
ehd; rhjhuzkhj; jhd; ,Uf; Fk;D epidr;Nrd;. ,e;j khjpup fd;> /gau; > nrf;A+upl;b
,e;jsTf;FUf;Fk;D njupahJ.
eP nrQ;rJ jg;G.
,g;gb Nghdhj; jhd; 3 fl;lj;jj; jhz;l KbAk;.
A+]{g; vy; yhe; njupQ;rpUe;Jk; ePAk; fk;KD ,Ue;JUf;f ,y; y.
mtd ek;gNdd;.
mtd; fpilf;fwJy ghjpd;d clNd i]yz;l;lh ,Ue;Jl;l.
,y;y vy;yhj;ijAk; ju;d;dhd;. mNjhl mtDf;F mDgtk; ,Uf; Fd;dhd;.
X! mg;gbah. ngupa kdR jhd;. khYf;F vd;dhr;RD kwe;Jl;bah?
mnjy;yhk; Ngrpg; gpuNah[dkpy;y. ehd; vd; Foe;ijfNshl Nru;wJf;F jhd; ,e;j
Ntiyf;Nf xj;Jf; fpl;Nld;.
ghk;G tha;y khl;bf;fpl;l jtis khjpupj; jg; gpf;f topapy;y.
,y;y topapUf;F. ehk vt;s /gh];l;lh gd;d KbANkH mt;s /gh];l;lh Ntiya
Kbg;Nghk; mg;Gwkh ehk Kd;dhb gd;d khjpup fpf; gd;dp mjpypUe;J ntspa
te;JUNthk;.
MdJ Mr;R ,e;j nytYf;F NkNy ,Jf;fg; Gwk; ehd; vq;fAk; tu;wh khjpup ,y;y.
Kjy;y ,JyUe;J jg;gpf;fw topa ghu;g;Nghk; .
,e;j ,lj;jr;Rj;jp /gp];]Nuhl ghb fhu;l;]; ,Uf; fhq;f ,e;j Neuj;jpy 10 `tu;];
/g;isl; [u;dpq;fwJ xU thuj;Jf; Fr; rkk;. ,g;gbNa Nghr;Rd;D itAq;f. ehk
vy;NyhUk; ,e;jf; fdTf;Fs;NsNa fple;J rhf Ntz;baJ jhd;.
mjdhy vt;s rPf;fpuk; KbANkh mt;s rPf;fpuk; Ntiya Kbg;Nghk;. mjj; jtpu
ekf;F Ntw topapy;y


,g;gbahf fij NghfpwJ fij efu;fpw me;j mtrug; Nghf;fpYk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpw
me;j mtru tpsf;fk; jhd;. mrj;jhyhd xU ce;Jrf;jp. ,e;jj;jpiug;gl
cjhuzj;ij ,q;F vjw;F ,t;tsT type;J epidTgLj; JfpNwd; vd;gjw;F
fhuzkpy;yhky; ,y;iy. xUtpjj;jpy; ,j;jpiug;glj;jpd; fjh ghj;jpuq;fs; kl;Lky;y.
,e;j cyfpYs;s ehk; xt;nthUtUNk $l ehk; midtUNkNa ahNuh xUtupd;
kfj;jhd fdTf;Fs; khl;bf; nfhz;l ,d;]g;]d; jpiug;glf; fjhghj;jpuq;fisg;
Nghyj; jhd;. ehk; thOk; ,e;j cyf tho;T vt;tsT ep[khdJ? my;yJ xU
fditg; Nghy vt;tsT NghypahdJ vd;gJ ek; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ve;jsTf;F>
epr;rakhf xU cWjpg;ghl;Lld; njupAk;? n[d; Gj;jkjj;jpYk;> irt ,e;J kjj;jpYk;
$l ,j;jifaf; fUj;Jf; fs; Vw;fdNtNa $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xU rkak; th[];gjp kp];uh vd;gtu; gpuk; k #j;jpuk; vd;w xU ,e;J kj E}Yf; F
ciu vOJfpwhu;. mtu; vOjpa ciuiag; Nghy NtW ahUk; vOj KbahJ vDk;
msTf;F> cyfj;jpy; cs; s jj;Jtq;fis vy;yhk; cs; slf;fp ciuia vOJfpwhu;.
mtu; me;j ciuia vOJtjw;F Kd; xU rk;gtk;. th[];gjpapd; FU mtuplk;
nrhd;dhu;> vdf;F tajhfp tpl;lJ. vd; kfis eP jhd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. ehd; $ba rPf;fpuNk ,we;J tpLNtd;. mjdhy; gpuk;k #j; jpuj;jpw;fhd
ciuiaAk; eP jhd; vOj Ntz;Lk; . mij kpfr; rpwg;ghf nra;J tpL. vd;W $wp
tpl;L ,we;J tpLfpwhu;. FU nrhd;dgbNa jpUkzk; elf;fpwJ. th[];gjpAk; jdpf;
Fbj;jdk; Muk;gpj;J ciuia vOjj; Jtq;Ffpwhu;. fhyk; fle;jJ. tUlq;fs;
cUz;NlhLfpd;wd. ciu vOjp Kbj;jhfp tpl;lJ. me;j E}Yf; F vd;d ngau;
itf;fyhk; vd;W jPtpukhf Nahrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;.

mg;NghJ mtu; mUfpy; ,Ue;j tpsf;fpw;F xU ghl;b nea; Cw; wp tpsf; Nfw;wpf;
nfhz;bUg;gijf; ftdpf;fpwhu;. mk;kh eP ahu;? vd;W Nfl;fpwhu; th[];gjp. mjw;F
me;jg; ghl;bf; $WfpwJ> Iah ehd; jhd; cq;fs; kidtp. vd;idj; jpUkzk;
nra;J nfhz;lJk; ePq;fs; FUtpd; Mizia Vw;W ciuia vOj Muk;gpj;J
tpl;Bu;fs;. cq;fSf;F ve;jj; njhy;iyAk; juhky;> Ntz;ba cjtpfis
gf;fj;jpypUe;J nra;J tUfpNwd; vd;W gt;akhfr; nrhd;dhu;. th[];gjpf;F
mg;gbNa xNu mjpu;r;rp gj;J yl;rk; Nthy;l; kpd;rhuk; jhf;fpdhw; Nghy; xNu mjpu;r;rp >
gupjtpg;G. MdhYk; cs; Sf; Fs; xU gutrKk; $l. ,t;tsT mu;g;gzpg;G
czu;NthL $l xU ngz; ,Uf; f KbAkh vd;d? vd.

kp];uh Nfl;lhu;. vd; ftdj;ij xU KiwahtJ jpUg;gpapUf;ff; $lhjh? cd;id
ahu; vd;W vdf;F czu;j;jpapUf;ff; $lhjh? cd; tho;f;ifiaNa tPzbj;J
tpl;NlNd vd;W mOfpwhu;. mjw;F mtu; gjpy; nrhd;dhu;. cq;fSf;F Nrit
nra;tJ xd;Nw vdJ ghf;fpak;. mJ epiwNtw ePq;fs; jhd; vdf;F cjtpdPu;fs;.
cq;fisj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;ljhy; jhd; vdf;F ,e;j ghf;fpaNk fpilj;jJ.
mjw;F vdJ mNef Nfhb ed;wpfs; vd;W nefpo;e;J $Wfpwhu;. mtu; ngau; jhd;
ghkjp. ,e;jg; ngaiuNa mtu; vOjpa gpuk;k #j;jpuj;jpu ciuf;Fk; ngauhf
itf;fpwhu;. gy Mz;Lf; fhyk; ghkjpia vijAk; vjpu;ghu;f; fhky; ,aq;f itj;jJ
vJ? mNj Nghy gy Mz;Lf;fhyk; jdJ nrhe;j kidtpiaNa ahu; vd;gij kwe;J
xU tpsf;f ciuf;Fs; jd;id Mo;j; jpf; nfhs;SksTf;F mg;gb vd;d tpsf;f
ciu mJ? vd;w Muha;r;rpf;Fs; vy;yhk; Nghfhky; ,g;gb xU rk;gtk; ele;jjhff;
$wg;gLfpwNj ,jw;F VNjDk; tpQ;Qhd mbg;gil cs; sjh vd;w msNthL kl;Lk;
epd;W nfhz;L ,ijg; ghu;j;Njhkhdhy;> mg;NghJ GupAk; fhu;y; khu;f; ];> vq;nfy;];
Nghd;wtu;fspd; gzp kfj;Jtk;.

khu;f; ]; vq;nfy;]; $l mtutu; mtu; jk; kidtpaiuNa kwe;J tpLk; msTf;F jk;
gzpapy; %o;fpapUe;jjha; Nfs;tpg;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; ehk; thOk; ekJ rk fhyj; jpy;
my;yJ mz;ikaf; fhyq;fspy; ,g; gb ahuhtJ tho;e;Js; shu;fsh? vd
,r;rk;gtj;jpw;F xU tuyhw;W cjhuzk; Njbg; ghu;j;jhy;> Id;];Bd;
tho;f;ifapYk; fhyj;ij kwe;j mstpy; ngupa xU fhy eOtypy; jhk; tpOe;J
nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk; vd;gNj njupahj> ,j;jifa jd;idNa jhd; kwe;j xU epiy
gw;wpa nra;jp fpilf;ff; fhz;fpNwhk;. NkNy fz;l me;jg; Guhz cjhuzk;
nfhQ;rk; Xtu; jhd; vDk;gbf;F ,Ue;jhYk; mg;Guhz cjhuzj;jpw;fhd mwptpay;
mbg;gil mw;g msTf;NfDk; eilKiw tho;f;ifapYk; cz;lh vd;gjw;fhd ciu
fy;yhfthtJ Id;];Bd;; Nghd;wtu;fspd; tho;f;ifiaAk; ehk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf;
nfhs;syhk;. (,Nj fijia mfj;jpau; Nyhgkpj;jpiu tho;f;iff;Fk; nghUj;jpf;
$Wgtu; cz;L.)

xd;dhYk; jd;dhYk; kl;LNk tFglf; $ba gfh vz;fisg; NghyNt jdJ
kdrhl;rpf;Fk;. epaha ePjpnewp Kiwj; ju;kq;fSf;F kl;LNk fl;Lg;glf;$batu;fsha;>
ve;jtpjkhd mr;RWj;jy;fSf;Fk; mbgzpahjtu;fsha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. NtW
vz;fshy; kPjpapd;wp tFglhj gfh vz;fisg; NghyNt NtW Mrhghrhq;fSf;Fk;
rgyq;fSf;Fk; Ml;glhj> Nrhuk; Nghfhj rj;jpare;jdha; ,Uf; f Ntz;Lk;. xd;dhYk;
jd;dhYk; kl;Lky; yhky; NtW vz;fshYk; tFglf; $ba mj;jid vz;fisAk;
xU tifapy; Nrhuk; Nghff; $ba fiwgbe;j kdpj kdq;fNshL xg;gplyhk;.

ghu;it tisaj;jpd; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l xU gug;Gf;Fs; cs; s tiuaiw nra;ag;ggl;l
gfh vz;fisj; NjLjy; vd;gNj itf; Nfhy; Nghu; Crpiag; Nhyj; jhd; Njl
Ntz;bAs;sJ vd;why; ghu;itg; Gyj;jpd; tiuaiwf;F ntspNa cs;s xU
tl;lj;jpd; njhL NfhL (tangent) Nghy mikag; ngw;w gfh vz;fisg; gw;wp vy;yhk;
nrhy;y Ntz;baNj ,y;iy. mstpy; rpwpa xU gfh vz; vd;gJ xU Foe;ijapd;>
fs;sq;fglkw;w koiy epu;thzk; Nghy. gzk;> gjtp> Mrhghrk;> gak;> ghYzu;T
Nghd;w mbg;gilf; fiwfs; gbahjJ. ,d;dKk; Nrhuk; NghfhjJ. Nrhuk; Nghjy;
vd;gjw;F nghUs; mu;j;jNk $lj; njupahjJ. ahtUk; fhzf; fpilg;gJ. vspjpy;
Gyg;glf; $baJ. Gyg;ghl;Lj; Njhw;wj;Jf; F cl;gLj;JtJk; vspJ. Mdhy; mstpy;
ngupanjhU gfh vz; tp~aNkh ed;F tsu;e;j kdpju;fspd; fgl epu;thzk; Nghy.
fgl tl;lj;jpd; tpl;l msitg; nghWj;jJ. thd; fpufq;fspd; cg;giyg; Nghd;wJ.
ghu;itg; Gyg;ghl;bd; tuk;ngy;iyf;F mg;ghw;g;gl;lJ. mJ rhu;ghdJ. ,lk;> nghUs;>
fhyk;> Vty;> kdpju;fisg; nghWj;jJ. mjd; Gyg;ghl;Lj; Njhw;wkhdJ Gtpg;ge;jpd;
tl;lj; jd;ikiag; ghu;j;J czu ,g; Gtpnaq;Fk; miye;J jpupe;J vq;F
NjbdhYk;> vg;gbj; NjbdhYk;> mjw;Fj; Njhjhd xU ,lk; vg;gbg; Gtpg;
ge;jpw;Fs;NsNa mjd; Gwg;gug;gpd; NkNyNa ,Ue;J nfhz;L NjLk; tiu
fpilf;fhNjh mg;gbj; jhd;.

Kjypy; ehk; mZf epidj;jpUf;Fk; me;jg; ngupa tp~aj;jpd; fdgupkhzk;> msT
vd;gJ vj;jifaJ? (mJ Kf;fpakhdJ!) tl;lk; vd;w xU rhjhuzkhd
fUj;JUit vLj; Jf; nfhs;Nthk; rhkhd;akhfg; Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbahjstpw;F
xd;Wk; fbdkhdjy;y jhd;. Mdhy; mNj mjd; msT> gupkhzk; vd;gJ ehk;
trpf;Fk; ,e;jg; G+kpg; ge; jpd; msTf;Fg; gue; J tpupAk; NghJ mNj vspaf; fUj;JU
rhkhd;a kf;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;s kpfTk; fbdkhdnjhU fUj;jha; xU fhyj;jpy;
(kj;jpa fhyk; tiu) mike;J tpltpy;iyah vd;d?; Gifg;glf;fiy> uhf;nfl;
njhopy;El;gk;> Gtp<u;g;G Nghd;w mwptpay; fUj;Jf; fs;> tpQ;Qhdj; njhopy;
El;gq;fnsy;yhk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;bUf;fh tpl;lhy; ,d;iwf;Fk; vj;jid kdpju;fshy;
cyfk; cUz;il vd;w xU rhjhuzf; fUj;ijf; $l Kuz;ghby;yhky; Gupe;J
[Puzpj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl KbAk;? ey;y fw;gidj; jpwk;> gilg; ghf;fj; jpwd; cs; s
kdpju;fisj; jtpu;j;J kw; w rhkhd;a kdpju;fshy; vj;jidg; Ngu;fshy; ,J Fwpj;J
A+fpj;Jg; ghu;j;Jzu KbAk;.

rhjhuz fz;zhy; ghu;j;Jzuj; jf;f mjd; mbg;gilapy; fw;gidapYk;
A+fpf;fj;jf;f ,e;j tl;lk; vd;w vspanjhU fUj;JU gw; wpa tp~aj;jpNyNa ghkug;
ghu;itapd; mwpahik ,e; jsTf;Fj; jhz;ltkhLk; NghJ A+fpf;f rw;Wf; fbdkhd
tp~aq;fspy; ghku mwpTj; jsj;jpd; xj;Jiog;ig ve; jsTf;F ek;GtJ? mjdhy;
jhd; ehk; mZff; fhj;jpUf;Fk;> epidj;jpUf;Fk; ve;j xU tp~akhfl;Lk; mjd;
msT> fdgupkhzk; vd;gJTk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ vd;fpNwd;. kPz;Lk; Ke;ija
gj;jpapd; Kjy; tupapypUe;J tUNthk;. Kjypy; ehk; mZf epidj;jpUf;Fk; me;jg; ngupa
tp~aj;jpd; fdgupkhzk;> msT vd;gJ vj;jifaJ? (mJ Kf;fpakhdJ!) mjdhy;; me;j
tp~aj;jpdhy; Vw;glg; NghFk; xU jhf;fk;> tPr;R vd;gJ vj;jd;ikajha; ,Uf; Fk;?
jdpkdpj mstpyh? xU r%f mstpyh? my;yJ xU Njrpa ,dk; vd;w
vy;iyiaAk; jhz;ba ru;t Njrpa mstpyh? mjpy; ehk; mZff; fhj; jpUf;Fk;
egupd; gq;fspg;G vt;tsT? mJ vq;Nf vg;gb tUfpwJ? mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
vj;jd;ikaJ? ,g; gq;fspg;gpdhy; mtu; milaf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; yhg e~;lk;
vj;jd;ikaJ? mjw;fhf mtu; vLf;f Ntz;ba up];f; mghak; vj;jd;ikaJ?
vd;nwy; yhk; ,d;Dk; gy rpf;fyhd Nfs;tpfsha; tpupfpwJ.


kiwf;f(f;$lhj) Kbahj> ,f; Nfs;tpfSf;fhd gjpiy vy;yhk; KO kdj;Jld; xU
njspthd GupjYld; jdf;Fs; cs; thq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jpwd; gilj;jtuhfTk; mtu;
,Ue;jhy; jhd; Nghapw;W. ,y; yhtpl;lhy; mJNt xU ngUk; jiytyp. jdJ
gq;fspg;G> Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vj;jifaJ? vd;gij czu;e;jtuha; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk;
NghjhJ. mjdhy; jdf;F Vw;glg; NghFk; rhjf ghjf mk;rq;fspd; filf; Nfhb
vy;iyiaAk; $lNt xl;L nkhj;jkhfNt kdpj Fyr; r%fj;jpy; mJ Vw;gLj;jf;
fhj;jpUf;Fk; tpisTfspd; kjpg;gPL gw;wpAk; xU rupahd kjpg;gPL nra;aj;
njupe;jtuhfTk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak; ,y;iynadpy; mJ ,d;ndhU ngUk; mLj; j
jiytyp.

mjd; $l;Lg; gydpy; Mjhakilaf; fhj;jpUf;Fk;> tpjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; egHfs; >
ehLfs; vy;yhk; ahH ahh;? e~;lk; mila Ntz;Lk; vd tpjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
kdpjHfs; ahH; ahh; vd ,t;tsT tpupthf Mo mfy. ePs fdgupkhznky;yhk;
ghh;j;J ve;j xU tuyhw;Wj; jpUg;GKid tp~aq;fSk; tuyhw;wpy; ,Jtiu
epfo;e;jNj ,y; iy vd;W $l mNefkhff; $wptplyhk; . (ed;F ftdpf;fTk; fhj;Jf;
nfhz;ly;y> e~;lk; mila Ntz;Lk vd tpjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; kdpjHfs; ahH; ahh; vdj;
jhd; $w tUfpNwd;) e~;lk; mila Ntz;Lk; e~;lk; mila Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw ve;j xU
jdp kdpjdhfl;Lk; my;yJ ehlhfl;Lk; ve;j xU nraiyAk; Muk;gpg;gJk; ,y;iy>
my;yJ mjw;fhff; fhj;jpUg;gJk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; xU Mjhak; cz;nld;why; mjd;
fdgupkhd msitg; nghWj;J mjw;fhf xU Af Neuf; fhj;jpUg;igf; $lj; jhq;fpf;
nfhs;s jahuha; cs; stu;fis ehk; vg;NghJk; ekJ mDgtj;jpy; njupe;J nfhs;s
NeUfpNwhk;. Mdhy; ntw;wp Njhy;tp vd;w xU epu;ge;j ,yf;F Nehf;fp xU Jte;j
Aj;jk; Jtq;fp tpl;lhy; gpd; ahuhtJ xUth; Njhy;tpapd; fdgupkhzj;ijAk; Vw;W
jhNd Mf Ntz;Lk;. ,y; iyah? gupRf;F Mirg;gl;lhy; Nrh;j;Jj; jz;lidf;Fk;
jahuhfj; jhNd ,Uf; f Ntz;Lk;.

Mf jdpnahU kdpjdhfl;Lk; my;yJ jdpnahU Njrpa> nkhopapdkhfl;Lk; mJ
tuyhw;wpy; e~;lk; mila Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mj;jifa xU mfg;
Gwr; #oypy; (my;yJ NtW vspa thHj;ijfspy; $wpdhy; ) mj;jifa xU
tuyhw;Wr;#oypy; (jdpnahU kdpjNdh my;yJ xU ehNlh) tplg;gl;bUe;jhy;
e~;lkile;Nj jPu Ntz;Lnkd;gJk; xU tuyhw;wpay; tpjp jhNd?) filrpf;Fk;
filrpahf Mf tpjp vd;gJ jhd; vd;d? mfk; Gwr;#oy;fshy; khw;wg; gl Kbahj
Gtp <u;g;G Nghd;w mbg;gil mwptpay; tpjpfSk;> (mfk; Gwr;#oy;fshy; khw;wk;
nra;ag;glf;$ba kjtpay;> r%ftpay; tpjpfSk; Nru;e;j fyitahd xd;W jhNd?
jdpkdpju;fSk; mtu; jk; gq;fspg;Gk; ,y;yhky; ve;j xU tuyhw;wpay; tpjpAk;
,aq;fptpl KbahJ. (mJ ,e;J kjk; Fwpg;gpLk; fu;k tpjpahfl;Lk; my;yJ
khu;f; ]pak; Fwpg;gpLk; r%ftpay; ,aq;F tpjpahfl;Lk; ) kdpjg; gq;fspg;gpd;
mj;ahtrpag; gq;fspg;G vd Vnjhd;Wk; ,y;yhkNyNa ,aq;fp tpl mit vd;d
mwptpaypd; mbg;gilg; ngsjpf ,af;ftpay; tpjpfsh vd;d? ngsjpf ,af;ftpay; tpjpfSf;Fk;
$l kdpjg; gq;fspg;G rw;Wk; ,d;wp ,tw;Wf;F vdj; jdpj;J vd;d xU kjpg;G ,Ue;Jtpl
KbAk;?

Mf tuyhW vd;gJk; me;j tuyhw;wpy; jpUg;G Kidr; rk;gtq;fs; vdf; $wg; gLfpw
rpy epfo;TfSk; rpy Neuq;fspy; (rpy tuk;GfSf;F cl;gl;L) jdpnahU kdpjj;
jhf;fj;jpdhy;; ce;jg; gl;Lk; $l Kd;efu; j;jpr; nry;yg; gLfpd;wd vdf; $wptplyhk;.
NkNyhl;lkhd xU ghu;itf;F mNefkhf mit vy;yhk; kpQ;rpg; Nghdhy; rpy
jw;nray; epfo; Tfspd; vNjr;irahd re;jh;g;g trj;jhy; epfo;e;J tpl;l xU
#o;epiyapay; tpgj;J vd;Wk; $lf; $wj; Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy; cz;ikapNyNa mJ
mg;gbj; jhdh? CLUtpg; ghu;f; ff; $ba xU Ez; ikf;Nuh];Nfhg; ghu;itapYk; $l
mg;gbj; jhdh? (rw;Wf; ftdkpy;yhj ghu; it Nehf;iff; nfhz;bUg;Nghkhdhy;
kPz;Lk; mJ mg; gbj; jhd; fhl;rpaspf;ff; $LNkh vd;dNth? mJ NtW tp~ak;)

Mdhy; Mo;e;J ftdpj;Jg; guprPypf;Fk; NghJ (vJTk; vd;W $w KbahJ
NghdhYk;),q;Fg; ngUk; ghd;ikahd gy epfo;Tfs; jpl;lkpl;l eltbf;iffspd;
topahfNtj; jhd; elf;fpd;wd. mNj Neuk; kdpjj; jpl;lkply;fSf;fg; ghw;gl;l>
NkNyhl;lkhd xU ghu;itapy; #o;epiyapay; tpgj;ijg; Nghd;W fhl;rpaspf;ff; $ba xU
rpy mrhj;jpa> mrhjhuz epfo;TfspdhYk; $l Kd; efu;j;jpr; nry;yg; gLfpd;wd.
ep&gpf;f KbAkh ,J Nghd;w $w;Wfis vdf; Nfl;lhy;> ,J tiuapyhd nkhj;j
tuyhNw mg;gbj; jhd; epfo;e;Js; sNjh vd IAWk;gbf;fhd gy
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gbg;gpidfisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;sj ehk; jhd; tpUk;GtNjapy;iy.

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vd;gJ ru;r;irf;Fupa xU tp~akhfNt fle;j fhyj;jpypUe;J epfo;fhyk; tiu
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ghjf mk;rq;fSk; cz;L.

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cj;juthj mstpy; ek;gpapUf;ff; $Lkh vd;d? vy;yhNk xU cj;Njrk; jhd;.
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fpl;lyhk;. Mdhy; Kayhtpl;lhy; vJTk; fpilf;fhNj vd;wstpy; jhd; mtu;fspd;
gps;isahu; Ropj; Jtf;fKk; epfo;e;NjwpapUf;ff; $Lk;.


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Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

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Nghy.

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Neuk; Kiisj;njOe;jpUf;Fk;> (Kisj;njOe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;) ,y;iyah?

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Mfptplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf my;y.
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NeHe;jhYk; ftiyapy;iy.
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tutpy;iy vd;W vz;ZfpwhNuh vd;dNth? >
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nra;J nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwd;. 20-k; E}w;whz;bd; b gpuhf;ysp> b gpuhf;ysp vd xU
gpnuQ;R ,isQH> ,sk; tpQ;Qhdp. nrd;idj; JiwKfj;jpypUe;j fzpj Nkijia
,dq;fz;L nfhs;s vq;Nfhg; Gtpg; ge;jpd; kW KidapypUe;j ,yz;ldpypUe;J xU
`hu;b Njitg;gl;lhH. NghHl; ikf;Nfy; /ghuNliag; Nghd;wJ jhd; vdJ
,g;Nghija ,e;jg; gpwtp tho;T KOJk;.
/ghuNlTf;fhtJ
Mdhy; ,g;NghJ mtH fjpNa vg;gbAs;sJ?> ve;j epiyapYs;shH? vq;F
jQ;rk; GFe;Js; shH? vd;gnjy; yhk; ,e;j cyfk; vw;fdNtNa ed;F mwpe;j xd;W
jhd;. yz;ldpy; cs; s <f;tlhH ehl;Lj; Jhjuf Kftupf;NfNa Neubahf ,ij
kpd;dQ;ry; %yNkNa mDg;gyhk; jhd;. mg;gb mDg;gpdhy; epr;rak; <f;tlhH ehl;Lj;
Jhjufk; ,ij (,e; j kpd;dQry; rhuj;ij) mtuJ ftd <Hg;Gf;Ff; fl;lhak;
nfhz;L nry;yhky; ,Uf; fg; Nghtjpy;iy jhd;. vd;w NghjpYk; vdf;F mJ
mt;tsT cfe;jjhfg; gltpy;iy. ,d;W gl;b njhl;bnaq;Fk; cyfk; KOJk;
rYhd; fil Bf;fil NjhWk; tpf;fp yPf;]; > [{ypad; m]hQ;Nr vl;tHL ];Nehld;
Nghd;w ngaHfs; ghg;GyH Md epiyapy; . ehk; ghl;Lf;F mtHfspd; kpd;dQ;ry;
Kftupf;Fj; jhNd mDg;GfpNwhk; vd nts;se;jpahf mDg;gptpl KbahJ. xU
Ntis me;j kpd;dQ;ry; KftupfNs Nghypahditfsha; ,Ue;jhy; ..? mnkupf;f
ty;yuR vd;d fhjpy; G+ itj;Jf; nfhz;lh Ntbf;if ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;?.
,iza jsq;fspy; fpilf;fg; ngWk; <f;tlhH Jhjufq;fspd; kpd;dQry; Kftup xU
Ntis Nghyp kpd;dQ;ry; Kftupfsha; ,Ue;J tpl;lhy; ?
,g;gbnay;yhk; re;Njf uP jpapy; vz;zq;fs; rpy vOe;;jjhNyNa jw;NghJ
jq;fSf;F ,e;j kpd;dQry;. ahH fz;lJ? xU Ntis ,e;jj; jfty;fs; (ehd;
mtUf;F mDg; gf; fhj;Js; s vdJ me;j kpddQ;ry; jfty;fs;) vdf;Fg; gad;
gLtijf; fhl;bYk; kuz tpspk;gpy; cs; s m]hQ;Nr Nghd;wtHfSf;F ,d;dKk;
$Ljy; gad; mspf;ff; $bajha; mike; jhYk; mikaf; $LNkh vd;dNth?
M];jpNuypa NjHjypy; m]hQNr-Tf;Ff; fpilj;jj; Njhy;tpiag; ghu;f; Fk; NghJ
(nkhj;jk; epw; gNj 7 rPl;LfSf;Fj; jhd;.) me;j kdpjUf;Fk; mtuJ BKf;Fk
Ks;sptha;f;fhy; Nrhfk; NeuhJ vd;gjw;F ahH> vd;d cj;juthjk; ju KbAk;?.; vd;d
NeUk; vd;W ahUk; A+fpf;f ,ayhJ. Mjyhy; jhd; vdJ jfty;fs; $Lkhdtiu
(M];jpNuypaj; NjHjy; KbTfSf;F Kd;dNuNa mtuJ ifia vl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W
tpUk;gpNdd;);. fhyk; flg;gjw; F Kd; mtiur; nrd;wile;jhy; mJ mtUf;Fk;
gadspg;gjha; ,Uf; Fk; . Vdf;Fk; gadspg;gjha; ,Uf; Fk;.

jw;Nghijf;F ,e;j kpd;dQ;rYf;F mLj; J xU kpd; dQ;ry; mDg;GfpNwd;.
mJjhd; ehd; [{ypad; m]hQ;NrTf;F mDg;g tpUk;Gk; rhuk;. jw;NghJ ,jd;
Mq;fpy nkhop ngaHg;Gg; gzp NtW xUGwk; ele;J nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
cz;ikahfNt .,ij Kjypy; fpd;d]; Gf; Mg; nuf;fhHLf;fhfj; jhd; jahupj;Njd;
vd;w NghjpYk; ,g;Nghijf;F mq;F mDg;GtJ xd;Wk; mt;tsT mtru Kf;fpak;>
mtrpak; fpilahJ. m]hQ;Nr-Tf;F mDg;g Ntz;baJ jhd; mjp mtru
mtrpakhdJkhdJk; Kf;fpakhd xd;WkhFk; Kjy; ghHitf;Ff; nfhQ;rk;
igj;jpaf;fhuj; jdkhd xd;wha; $l ,J cq;fsJ fz;fSf;Ff; fhl;rpaspf;Fk;.
nghWikahf KOtijAk; gbj;J Kbj;j gpd; KbT nra;aTk;. ,e;j egUf;F
cjtyhkh? Ntz;lhkh vd;gij.

(up];f;fhfg; ghHj;jhy; up];f; jhd;. mjpYk; KOf;f KOf;f ntWk;
A+fq;fis kl;LNk m]; jpthukha; nfhz;L fl;likf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; vdJ ,e;jg;
Gjpaf; fpd;d]; g;nuhg;Nghry; vd;gJ Vw;fdNtNa fpd;d]hy; kWjypf;fg;gl;l> gioa
fu;z fLukhd ,e;jg; g;nuhg;Nghrypd; Gjpa Nkk;gLj;jg; gl;l xU tbtk; kl;LNk. xU
tpguP jf; fw;gidapd; tpsk;ngy;iyiag; Nghd;wJ jhd;. (,g;gbg; gl;l xU gzpapy;
Jzpe;J <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;s vy;NyhUf;Fk; xU JzpT tuhJ vd;gJTk; vjphghHf;ff;
$baNj vd;w NghjpYk; ehd; jq;fis xU tpjp tpyf;fha; jhd; ghHf;fpNwd;.) xU
Ntis vdJ A+fk; gypj;J tpLk; gl;rj;jpy; ePq;fs; <Lglg; Nghfpw ,e; jg; gzp xU
tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gf;Fupa gzpaha; mike;J tpLk; rhj;jpaf; $WfSk; cz;L>

ntWk; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;ig kl;Lk; itj; jf; nfhz;L vd;d ehf;ifah topj;Jf;
nfhs;tJ?> ,jpy; <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjhy; nghUshjhu uP jpahf VNjDk; Mjhak;
cz;lh.....? ,g;gb uff; Nfs;tp vONkahdhy; gjpy; nfhQ;rk; rpukkhd jpirapy;
jhd; mika NeupLfpwJ. Rj;jkhf 100% rjtPjk; VJk; Mjhak; ,y;iy vd;W
$wptpl KbahJ NghdhYk; ,njw;nfy; yhk; ve;j tpjkhd I.v];.X uf Nfuz;bia>
mJTk; 100% rjtP j mf;khHf; uf> I.v];.X uf Nfuz;bia ahH jhd; ms;spj;
je;;Jtpl KbAk;?. KbahJ. Ntz;Lkhdhy; ,e;j kl;lj;Jf; F xU Nfuz;biaf;
nfhLf;fyhk;. filrpf;Fk; filrpahf ,j;jifa xU gzpapy; mjhtJ tuyhw;Wr;
rpwg;gf;Fupa xU gzpapy; ehKk; ek;khy; ,ad;w xU tuyhw;Wg; gq;fspg; ig
mspj;Njhk; vd;w kd epiwitahtJ mspf;ff; $baJ.

jdpg;gl;l tpUg;gkha; </gps; ltiuNa ghHf;f tha;g;G Neuk; fpl;lhj
jq;fSf;F ,jw;F kl;Lk; tha;g;G> Neuk; fpl;btplthg; NghfpwJ vd thshjpUf;fTk;
tpUk;g tpy;iy. [];l; xU rpd;d Kaw;rp. xU fy; tpl;Lj; jhd;g; ghHg;NghNk. gl;lhy;
gLfpwJ. glhtpl;lhYk; xd;Wk; ghjfkpy;iy. Kaw;rpj;jhy; ntw;wpAk; fpl;lyhk;>
Njhy;tpAk; fpl;lyhk;. Mdhy; Kayhtpl;lhy; xd;WNk fpl;;lhjy;yth?. N]h cq;fsJ
Md; j Ntg; gazj;jpy; vq;NfDk; xU tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jhy; ,ij xU ,ilr;
nrUfy; NghYk; xU nrhUF nrhUfp tpl KbAkh ,ij mg;gbNa? vdg; ghUq;fs;.
Kbe;jhy; guthapy;iy Kbahtpl;lhYk; ghjfkpy;iy.. xd;Wk; fl;lhak; fpilahJ.

my;yJ filrpf;Fj; jq;fisg; Nghd;w ey;ypjak; nfhz;l> Fbg;gof;fk;
,y;yhj rP/g; ,d;[pdpaH]; ahUk; fpilj;jhy;; (mtH jkpouha; ,Uf; f Ntz;Lk; vd;w
mtrpak; $l fpilahJ. ve;j nkhop ,dk; ehlhapUe;jhYk; guthapy;iy) mtupd;
fPo; fg;gypy; gzp tha;g;Gfs; VJk; fpilj;jhYk; gzpGupa mzpakha; cs; Nsd;.
(,e; jf; fhupaj;jpw;fhfNt)

jq;fsJ kjpg;G kpf;fgjpiy MtYld; vjpHghHj;Jf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

K.re;j;U
ehkf;fy; khtl;lj;jpypUe;J

(gpw;fhy tiyg;G+ gf;fj;jpw;fhf 02.11.2013 md;W jpUj;jg; gl;lJ)









vdJ tho;f;ifapy; kpf ePz;l fhyk;; ,e;j mbg;gilf; fzpjf; Fwpfshd (+ - )
gw;wpr; rpe;jpg;gJ cz;L. xU tifapy; ngUf;fy; Fwp vd;gJ $l;ly; Fwpapd;
ePl;bf;fg;gl;l tbtk; vd;W $lf; $wyhk;. mNj Nghy tFj;jy; Fwp vd;gJk;
ePl;bf;fg; gl;l fopj;jy; Fwpapd; tbtk; vd;W jhd; $w Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf Ie;ij
,uz;lhy; ngUf;FtJ vd;gJTk; ,uz;il ,uz;L ,uz;lhf Ie;J Kiw $l;LtJ vd;gJtk;
rhuhk;rj;jpy; xd;Nw. NtW NtW my;y. mNj Nghy ,jd; vjpu; tbtkhf gj;ij ,uz;lhy;
tFg;gJ vd;gJTk; gj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L ,uz;lhff; fopj;Jf; nfhz;Nl NghtJ vd;gJTk;
rhuhk;rj;jpy; NtW NtW my;y. ( 52 =2+2+2+2+2=10 ) ( 102 =10-2-2-2-2-2 =0)



fpd;d]{f; F xU filrpf; fbjk;. (2014-k; Mz;Lf; fbjk;.)

(mDg;GdH njhlu;G vz;;;; ;: VH nry;-+919715639527)






njd;dpe;jpahtpd; kPz;Lk;
vd;why; ,e;j kPz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhd fhy ,ilntsp vd;gJ VNjh XupU ehl;fNsh thuq;fNsh
khjq;fNsh $l my;y. 12 tUlq;fs;. 12 tUl fhy ,ilntsp vd;gJ nfhQ;rk; ngupa
,ilntsp jhd;. rhjhuz xU jdp kdpj tho;tpy; epr;rak; ,J xU ePz;l fhy ,ilntsp
jhd;. ,d;Dk; njspthf> kpfj; Jy;ypakhff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lkhdhy; 17 tUlj;Jf;F
Ke;ija Kw;wpYk; kWjypf;fg;gl;l vdJ gioa g;nuhg;Nghry; xd;W rk;ge;jkhd
epidT+l;lYf;Ff; $l mq;Nf ,dpNky; ahUk; %j;jg; gzpahsHfs; ,Ug;ghHfsh vd;gJ $l
re;NjfNk. xUNtis fpd;d]; epWtd fzpzpfspd; gioa Nl;lh Ng]py; ,Ue;jhy;
rhj;jpaKz;L. ,y;iynadpy; kPz;Lk; KjypypUe;J epidT+l;bj; jhd; Muk;gpff;f Ntz;Lk;.

,g;gbg;gl;l xU #oypy; 17 tUlq;fSf; F Kd;Ng ePq; fs; if fOtp kWj;J tpl;l
xU g;nuhg;Nghry; gf;fk;> mJTk;; njs;sj; njspthf> Kw;wpYk; jpl;ltl;lkhf kWj;Jtpl;l
xU g;nuhg;Nghry; gf;fk; jq;fsJ ghHitiaf;> ftdj;ij kPz;Lk; nfhQ;rk; jpUg;Gq;fNsd;
vd;W tw;GWj;JtJ vd;gJ ve;j tpjj;jpYk; epaahkpy;yhjJk; ehfuPfkw;wJk; jhd;. mdhy;
vd;d nra;a? kdpjHfSf;F ehfuPfk; mehfuPfk; ghHj;jhy; > ,J xd;Wk; Ntiyf;F MfhJ
vDk;gbf;fhd #oy; ; tho;tpy; vg;NghNjDk; xU KiwahtJ Vw;glf; $LNk.
#o;epiyiaf; Fw;wk; rhl;Lk; Vio kdpjidf; fz;L Mj; kh gupfrpf;Fkhk;. vd xU ,e;jpag;
gonkhop Vw;fdNtNa cz;L jhd;> vd;d nra;a ,e;j khjpup gioa gonkhopia vy;yhk; ghu;j;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jhYk; Ntiyf;fhfhJ NghYs;sNj.

vdNt vdJ ,e;j #oy; neUf;fbiag; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,jw;F NkYk; mg;gb
vd;djhd; nrhy;y tUfpwhd; ,e;j kdpjd; vd;wstpyhtJ XU rpy epkplj; Jspfis ,e;jf;
fbjj;jpw;Fk; (,y;iyapy;iy fbjk;> fl;Liu vd;gjw;fhd ,yf; fz tuk;ig vy;yhk;
cilj;Jf; nfhz;L xU Gj;jf me;j];j;ijNa NfhUfpwNjh vDk;gbf;fhd ,e;jf; fbjf;
fUj;JUtpw;F> mJTk; tiuT epiyapYs;s xU fUj;JUtpw;F) fl;lhak; jtiz
KiwapyhtJ mt;tg;NghJ Neuk; xJf;fp gbj;JtpLtPHfs; vd;w ek;gpf;ifNahL njhlHfpNwd;.

my;yJ 21.07.2003

,y;iy ];nghu;k; nj/g;l; gw; wpa
me;jf;fbjq;fis ];Ngk; nka;y;fs; gl;baypy; Nru;j;J l];l; gpd;dpy; js;sp
tpl;lhHfNsh

mg;NghJ
Ntz;bapUe;jJ> ,g;NghJk; ,e;epiyapy; khw;wk; xd;Wk; ngupjhf ,y;iy vd;w NghjpYk;
ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfSf;Fg; gjpyhf fzpdp topj; jl;lr;Rg; gpujpaha; mDg;g ,aYfpwJ.
vdpDk; nkhop ngaHg;Gf;fhd me;j rhHG epiy kl;Lk; ,e;jg; gpwtp> n[d;kk; KOf;f khwg;
Nghtjpy;iy mJ xd;W jhd; ,j;jidf; fhyKk; vidg; ghlha; gLj;jp itj;J
miyf;fopj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kw;nwhU tp~akha; ,Ue;J te;jJ> tUfpwJ. ,Njh
,g;NghJ (Ko jpUg;jp ,y;yhj mjpUg;jp epiyAlNdNa) vg;gbNaH xU topahf cq;fs;
ifia Nehf;fp xU topahf ce;jpj; js;spAk; Mapw;W.
nkhopngau;g;G
Na rw;W
tpupthd nghUspy;> mHj;jj;jpy;
Proposal
vdJ rpw;wwpTf;nfl;batiu
Nkk;gLj;jpAs;sjhfNt vz;ZfpNwd;. Mf
vid
ruhrhp Survival
Rz;b
,ijAk; ek;GtP u;fNsh vd;dNth? Mdhy; mf;khHf; uf> ISO
jhd; ,itAk; JT
rptpy;) nghUshjhuf;
rptpy;) nghUshjhuf;
rptpy;) nghUshjhuf;
mika mjw;F
jPHf;f ,ayhj rHrr;irf;Fhpa
ePjpj; Jiwj; jdpj;J jhd; kl;LNk jPHj;J tpl ,ayhjgbf;Fj; jla mwptpay;
gupNrhjidj; Jiwapd; ,d;wpaikahjf; $Ljy; cjtpiaAk; NfhUtjha; mike;Js;sJ.
,d;Dk; nrhy;y Ntz;Lkhdhy; jla mwptpay; JiwAk; $l ,jw;fhdnjhU gjpiy xU
Maj;j (Kd; jahupf;fg;gl;l- ready made) tpiliag; Nghy Vw;fdNtNaf; fz;Lgpbj;J
jahH; epiyapy; itj;jpUf;ff; $Lk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk; vdf;fpy;iy. ,Ue;jhy; re;Njh~Nk.
(mJ vd;d tif tpil ve;j tpjkhf vd;d mbg;gilapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;l tpil vd;gij
mwpe;J nfhs;s ehDk; nfhQ;rk; MtyhfNt fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;. ,y;iy vdpy;
mg;NghJk; re;Njh~Nk. guk re;Njh~k;. ,dpNkyhtJ mjw;nfhU tpNkhrdk; fpilf;ff;
$Lky;yth?)


! J Kbe;
Kfthp khwp te;J vq;fis Vd; ,g;gb xU ePz;l
fOj;jWg;Gf;F cs;shf;f Ntz;Lk;? We cant more
positive
epiyghL gw;wpAk;
17 tUlq;fs;
fle;Jk; gpbthjkhf tw;GWj;JfpwPHfs;? vq;NfNah Ngr Ntz;ba rg;n[f;l;il ,q;F
,e;Neuk;>
,g;gbg;gl;l) kd
mjhtJ
jw;Nghijf;F epfo; fhyj;jpy;..
Kf;fpa
fhj;Jf; nfhz;L
ePz;l
jq;fspd; ,d;wpNa xU Kd; iaAk;
ed;F
y;
cs;stu;fSf;Fk;>
Intra cyto plasmic sperm injection method) RUf;fkhf ,f;rp
miof;f mNefkhf
mjpfhug;G+u;tkhf
vd;W $lf; Fwpg;gplyhk;
,f; rp vdg;gLk;

(ghu;f; f
tPbNah xspefy;)
,f;rp vdg;gLk;
];jy
(ghHf;f ,f;
fUj;JUTf;F tY NrHg;gijg; Nghd;w ,iza ,izg;G tPbNah xd;iw)

fj;
Njitg;gLk; Njitg;gLk;
cwpQ;R Foy;
cwpQ;R Foy;
(ghHf;f-,J
rk;ge;jkhd tPbNah gjptpwf;fk; xd;iw ,izaj;jpypUe;J ,jw;fhjuthd ,e;jf; fUj; JUTf;F
tY NrHf;Fk tPbNah gjpnthd;W)
NrHe;Nj
s
mode of fertilization happened
by which method?
vd;W $l
epidf;fpNwd;

egUf;fhtJ epfo;j;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;j xU egUk; mw;g nrhw;g Msha; ,Ue;J tplf;$lhJ.
xU rf;jp tha;e;j nry;thf;fhd eguhAk; ,Ue;jpl Ntz;Lk; RUf;fkhd NtW Neub
thHj;ijfspNyNa $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; ;xU
my;yJ cyfg; Gfo; kpf;f xNu xU tp;.tp; .I.gp-f;fhtJ
,f;rp vdg;gLk; ,e;j J~;gpuNahfj;Jf;fhd
mj;jifa fy;ahz Fzq;fs; nfhz;l Re;ju GU]d;fs; ,e;jf; fpufj;jpy; vq;fhtJ
njd;gLfpd;wduh vdj; Njbg; ghHj;jhy; Iah> (xU Ntw;W fpuf [Ptuhrpapd; rhjhuzj; Njly;
Gyj;jpYk; $l vspjpy; njd;glf; $ba ,uz;L egHfs; jhd; Gj;jpf;Fk; $l
njd;gLfpwhHfs;.) mJ Mk; mJ

vd;gJ Nk I fk; ,d;? vd; w xw;iw thf;fpa $l ,
kPz;Lk; typAWj;jpf;
nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwd; ,q;F
fs;
filrpapy; mJ G];thdkha; vd;dhdJ
Uq;fs;
Kjypy; fpspz;ld; tp~aj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.) Vs ru;r;ir
xd;W vd;Nw
epidf;fj; Jhz; Ltjhapy;iy ,J

,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpiy XusT `pyhup> fpspz;ld; jk;gjpfspd; ePz;l kz
tho;f;ifNa> mk; kz tho;f;ifapd; xNu milahskhd nry;rpah tpf;NlhupahNt jdJ
gpwg;gpd; topahfNt Vw;fdNtNa xU tpilahf mspj;J tpl;lhH vd;w NghjpYk; mtNu
mij njs;sj; njspthfg; ghu;f;f ,ayhjthW ghHitia kiwf;Fk; nky;ypaj;
jpiuahfTk; tpsq;Ffpwhu;. mjhtJ mtu; xU ngz; Foe;ij. `pyhup> fpspz;ld;
jk;gjpapdUf;F 1980-y; gpwe;j nry;rpah tpf;NlhupahTf;Fg; gpd; (Nkhdpfhtpd; gpuNtrk;
tiu) ve;jf; Foe;ijg; NgWk; Fwpg;ghf ve;j xU Mz; Foe;ijAk; fpilahJ vd;gJNt
mJ. nry;rpahTf;Fg; gjpy; me;j xNu xU Foe;ij xU Mz; Foe;ijaha; gpwe;J
tsu;e;;jpUe;jhy; $l ,e;Neuk; ,j;jid re;Njfk; te;jpUf;fhNjh vd;dNth? Mdhy;
nry;rpah jhd; ekJ re;Njfj; jPf;F trjpaha; Vw;fdNtNa mtNu xU ngz; Foe;ijaha;
jhd; gpwe;J tpl;lhNu.

Mirf;F xd;W. M];jpf;F xd;W vd;gHfs; ,q;Nf ,e;jpahtpy;. mjhtJ ngz;
Foe;ijia Mirapd; FwpaP lhfTk;> Mz; Foe;ijia M];jpapd; FwpaPlhfTk; ghHg;gJ
tof;fkhd xU fPio ehl;Lg; (,e;jpag;) gof;fk;. ,J ,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lky;y fle;j 5000
Mz;LfshfNt cyfnkq;Fk; ,e;jf; fpufnkq;Fk; ,Ue;J tUk; xU rh];jpupakhd
(ghuk;gupakhd) rk;gpujhag; gof;fk; jhd;. mjpYk; xU Mz; jdJ M];jpf;F thuprha;
xNu xU Mz; Foe;ijiaahtJ vjph;ghHg;gnjd;gJ ,e;jf; fpufnkq;fpYk; fle;j 4>5
Mapuk; Mz;LfshfNt epiy ngw;W tpl;l xU Mzhjpf;f> je;ijAilikr; r%f tof;fk;
jhd;;. vd;d jhd; Kw;Nghf;F> ehfuPfk;> fy;tpawpT vd ntspapy; jk;gl;lk; mbj;Jf;
nfhz;lhYk; ,e;j Iahapuk; Mz;Lg; ghuk;gupar; rpe;jidapd;> Mirapd; xU rpW vr;rk;
$lth fpspz;ldplKk; mtuJ kidtpaplKk; ,y;yhJ NghdJ> NghapUf;Fk;? GOj;Jg;
Nghd [dj;njhifapd; Kd; rpWj;Jg; Nghd ,aw;if tsq;fsha;f; fhl; rpaspf;Fk; Mrpa>
Mg;upf;ff; fz;lj;J tw;wpg; Nghd> (NkYk; NkYk; tw;wpg; Ngha;f; nfhz;Ls;s) fpol;L>
kyl;L ,aw;if tsky;y mnkupf;fhf; nfhz;bUg;gJ. fpoL jl;lhj fd;dptsk; nfhz;l
Njrk;.

cyf kf;fs; njhifapy; ntWk; 5 rjtPjj;jpw;FNk Fiwthf ,Ue;jhYk; cyf
tsq;fspd; 80 rjtPjj;ij Efu;e;jDgtpg;gjw;Fr; rw;Wk;> xU rpwpJk; ntl;fg;glhj xU
Nghf G+kpj; Njrj;jpy; gpwe;jth;fs;. (,jw;fhf ntl;fg;gltpy;iy. Ntjidg;gltpy;iy
vdwhYk; guthapy;iy. ngUkpjj;Jld; mij epahag;gLj;jTk; nra;gtHfs;. ,d;Dk;
vj;jid fhyj;Jf;Fj; jhd; ,ijAk; epahag;gLj;JthHfNsh! mJ NtW fij. (,e;jpaHfs;;
ntl;fg; glTk; Xuhapuk; tp~aq;fs; cs;sd vd;gJ mJ NtW tp~ak;.)


tpw;fpw tpiythrpf;F msNthL xd;wpuz;L ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhNy mij xOq;fhff;;
fiuNaw;wpf; fy;tp nfhLf;f KbAkh my;yJ fs;spg;ghy; jhd; nfhLf;f KbAkh? vdj;;
jaq; fpf; jaq; fpg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s(y;y) mnkupf;fh xd;Wk; ,e;jpa NjrKky;y.
murjpfhuj;jpd; epu;ge;jj;jhy; xd;Wf;F Nky; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s topapy;yhj rPd NjrKk;
my;y. Nghf;fplNkapy;yhj Mg;gphpf;f mbikf; fz; lKk; my;y.

Nahf G+kp vd;w ngauhy; jd;; Nrhfj;ij my;yJ ,ayhikia kiwf;fpd;w xU
Njrky;y. Nghf G+kp vdg;gLfpd;w xU Nghf Njrk;. mij XusT ntspg;gilaha; xj;Jf;
nfhs;sTk; nra;fpw NjrKk; $l.

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Kjd;ikf; Fbkfd; vd;w me;j];j;ij Nehf;fpg; gazpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j xUtUf;F
,g;gbg; gl;l xU Mir> Mz; Foe;ijAk; xd;W ,Ue;jhy; jhd; vd;d? vd;d Nkhrk;
Ngha;tplg; NghfpwJ? vd;w Mir mJtiu xU Kiw $l mtu;fs; tho;tpy; te;jpUf;fNt
te;jpUf;fhjh vd;d? mg;gbnahU Mir te;Nj jPu; e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mg;gb xd;Wk;
fl;lhakpy;iy vd;w NghjpYk;> mg;gb vz;ZtJ xU thjj;jpw;fhfthtJ mg;gb
vz;ZtJ vd;gJ jtwhfhJ vd;Nw vz;Zfpnwd;. mg;gb xU vz;zNk mtu;fSf;F
te;jpUf;fNt te;jpUf;fhJ te;jpUf;f xU rpW JspAk; tha;g;G ,y;iy vd mtu;fisg;
gw;wp ed;F mwpe;jtu;fs; $l vg;gb ntspg;gilahf xU 100 rjtPj Nfuz;bAld; $wp tpl
KbahNjh mg;gbj; jhd; te;jpUe;jhYk; mijg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F ve;j xU
Fiwe;jgl;r eltbf;ifiaAk; $l mJfhWk; me;j epkplk; tiu mtu;fs; vLj;jpUf;ff;
$l khl;lhHfs; vd ek;GtJk;.

,ay;ghfNt ,d;ndhU Foe;ij ,y;iyah?. my;yJ jk;gjpfs; ,UtUk; kdk; xj;J
tpUk;gpNa> mJTk; ngz; zhf ,Ue;jhYk; guthapy;iy xd;Nw xd;Wld; NghJk; vd
jLg;G Kiwfs; %yk; thrf;lkp my;yJ l;A+ngf;lkp my;yJ fhg;gH-b vd ,g;gb VNjDk;
xU fUj;jil Kiwia nra;J nfhz;lduh? my;yJ kUj;Jtj; jFjpapd;ik>
nghUshjhuf; fhuzq;fspdhy; ,d;ndhU Foe;ijf;F Kaw;rpf;ftpy;iyah? vjdhy;?
Kjypy; xNu xU Foe;ijAld; epWj;jpf; nfhz;ljw;fhd cz;ikahd fhuzk; vd;d?
vjdhy; mtHfs; ,uz; lhk; Foe;ijaha; ,d;ndhU Foe;ijiag; (mJ Mzhf ,Uf;f
Ntz; Lk; vd;w mtrpak; $l ,y;iy.) ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy.? ekf;F Ntz; Lkhdhy;
mtHfs; vjdhy; ,uz;lhk; Foe;ijaha; ,d;ndhU Foe;ijia (mJ MNzh ngz;Nzh)
ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy vd;gjw;fhd fhuzk; ekf;Fj; Njitapy;yhj xd;wha;> my;yJ
mJ vJthfNth ,Ue;Jtpl;Lg; Nghfl;Lk;. ekf;nfjw;F me;j Ntz;lhj Ntiy? Muha;r;rp?
vd ,Ue;J tpl;Lg; Nghfyhk;.

Mdhy; ,f;rpiaj; J~;gpuNahfk; nra;tjw;F ve;j ,spr;rtha; tp.I.gp-ahtJ
fpilf;f khl; lhDq;fsh vd tha; gpse;J fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s xU rjpfhuf; Fk;gYf;F.....?
,J Nghd;wnjhU rjpj; jpl;lj;ij muq;Nfw;wyhkh? Ntz;lhkh? muq;Nfw;wyhk; vd;why;
mjw;fhd Vw;w cfe;j egu; ,tu; jhdh my;yJ NtW ahNuDkh?;> cfe;j Ntis> me;j
cfe;j Ntis vd;gJTk; ,Jjhdh my;yJ NtW VjhtJ rkakh? vd;nwy;yhk; MtYld;
vjpu; ghHj;Jf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s rjpfhuu;;fSf; F......? ,it vy;yhk; cldbahf tpil
fhz Ntz;ba xU Kf;fpaf; Nfs;tpg; gl;bay;. ,y;iyah?.

murpaypYk;> nghJ tho;f;ifapYk; ntw;wpfukhf eil Nghl; Lf; nfhz;L te;j
me;jg; Gfo; kpf;f jk;gjpfSf;F> xd;Wf;F Nky; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; mJ ,UtUf;FNk
jq;fsJ tskhd vjpu;fhyf; fdTfis miltjw;F xU ngUj;j Rikaha; $lj;
Njhd;wpapUf;f tha;g;Gs;sJ. mtHfsJ Nfhzj;jpypUe;J ,ijg; ghHj;jhy; mJ Vw;Gila
jHf;fg; nghUj;jg;ghL nfhz;ljhfTk; cs;sJ. Mf ,d;ndhU Foe;ij ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;fhd kUj;Jtg;> nghUshjhuj;; jFjpAk;> jpwDk; ,Ue;Jk; $l> mij xU
$Ljy; Rik vdf; fUjpg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jhu;fsh? my;yJ cz;ikapNyNa
,UtUf;FNkNth my;yJ ,Utupy; ahNuDk; xUtUf;Nfh kUj;Jtj; jFjpapd;ik ,Ue;J
(mjhtJ kyl;Lj; jd;ik ,Ue;J) mjd; fhuzkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iyah? my;yJ
khb tPl;L Vio vd;ghu;fNs mJ Nghy; ntspapYs;stu;fSf;F Ntz; Lkhdhy; mnkupf;fh
ngupa gzf;fhu ehlhapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mnkupf;fhtpNyNa gpwe;J tho;e;J mjpgu; fdT
fz; L nfhz;bUe;j me;jg; Gfo;kpf;fj; jk;gjpfSf;F mtu;fspd; nrhe;j msT Nfhypd; gb
kdjstpy; ,d;ndhU Foe;ijf;fhd jq;fSila nghUshjhuk; mjhtJ ,g;Nghija
,e;jg; nghUshjhuk; NghjhJ> gpd;dhy; nghUshjhuk; ,d;dKk; gyg;gl;lgpd; Njitahdhy;
xUNtis mg;NghJ ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd epidj;Jj; jw;fhypfkhfj; js;spg;
Nghl; bUe;jduh? vd;w Nfs;tpfs; vOfpd;wd.

xU Ntis mg;gb kyl;Lj; jd;ik fhuzkhfj; jhd; ,uz;lhtJ Foe;ijf;F
tha;g;gpy;iy vd;why; ,g;NghJ njspthfNt ,d;ndhU Nfs;tp vOfpwJ. 1.me;j kyl;L
egu; ahu;? fpspz;ldh? `pyhupah? rjpfhuh;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapyhd me;j `{ <]; j
g;shf; ~Pg; mJ ahH? ahH? fpspz;ldh? `pyhupah? Nfs;tp vz; 2.mk; kyl;Lj; jd;ikapd;
tPupa rjtPjk; vd;d? 3.mJ (me;j kyl;Lj; jd;ikapd; tPupa rjtPjk;) mg;NghJ
tof;fj;jpypUe;j rpfpr;ir Kiwfspdhy; eptu;j;jpf;ff; $baJ jhdh? 4. eptHj;jpf;ff;
$banjdpy; mg;gb epthuzj;jpw;fhf VJk; rpwg;G rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; vijAk;
Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sduh? 5.Fiw `pyhup gf;fkpUe;jhy; Nrhjidf; Foha; Foe;ij gf;fk;
mtu;fs; ftdk; jpUk;gpapUf;f tha;g;Gs;sJ. 6.Fiw fpspz;ld; jug;gpy; ,Ue;jpUe;jhNyh
fl;lhak; mtu;fs; tuf; $ba ,Wjp nlu;kpdy; rpfpr;ir Kiw ,f;rp-ahf ,Uf;f
tha;g;Gs;sJ. 7.mg;gb fpspz;ld; jug;Gf; Fiw vd;why; ];ngu;k; fTz; l; upry;l; ntWk;
rpq; fps; b[pl; by; ,Ue;jhy; $lg; guthapy;iy. mg;gbg; gl;l xU kyl;L MizAk; $lj;
jfg;gdhf;fpNaj; jPu;tJ vd;wnjhU jPu;khdj;Jld;> fpl;lj;jl;l mg;gbg;gl;l xU kUj;Jtj;
Jiwg; gpufldkhf mg;NghJ te;jpUe;j ,e;j ,f;rp rpfpr;ir Kiw Nghd;w mjp etPd
kUj;Jt Kiwfs; gw;wp vy;yhk; mg;NghNjDk; (mtu; mnkupf;fhTf;F mjpguhd me;j
1993-k; Mz;LfspyhtJ ,f;rp rpfpr;ir Kiw gw;wpa kUj;Jt cyfpd; mjpfhug;G+Htg;
gpufldj;jpw;Fg; gpwNfDk;) VNjDk; guhgupahfthtJ> mJ gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;Tj;
jfty;fisahtJg; ngw;Ws;sduh? njupe;J itj;Js;shHfsh `pyhup> fpspz;ld; jk;gjpfs;
vd;w ,g;gbg;gl;l mLf;fLf;fhd Nfs;tpfs; Kisj;njOe;jpUf;Fk; ,y;iyah? l;upy;ypad;
lhyu; neUly; Nfs;tpfsy;yth ,it?

fpspz;ld; jhd; vd;wpy;iy. J~;gpuNahf ,yf;F ,tu; jhd;> ,d;dhH jhd;> vd
KbT nra;ag;gl;Ltpl;l ve;j xU ,yf;F egu; rk;ge;jkhfTk; ,J Nghd;w jfty;fs;
vy;yhk; ,y;yhky; fsj;jpy; ,wq;FtJ vd;gJ Rj;j tbfl;ba Kl;lhs; jdq;fSs;
xd;wha; jhd; ,Uf;fj; KbAk;. Neubahd my;y> rw;W kiwKfkhd topfnsy;yhk;; $l
,e;j tp~aj;jpy; ehk; epidg;gJ Nghy; mt;tsT cfe;jjha; cjthJ. kiwKf
topKiwfspd; kpf MokhdnjhU kl;l j;jpypUe;J nfhz;L nraw;gLj;jpdhy; xopa khl; bf;
nfhs;tJ epr;rak; vDksTf;Ff; fbdkhdnjhU fhupak; . vd;w epiyapy; vg;gbj; jhd;
,jw;fhdg; gjpy;fisj; jpul;LtJ?

vd;djhd; J~;gpuNahfj;jpw;fhd jPu;T vd ,g;Nghijf;F Vnjhd;Wk;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl; bUf;ftpy;iy vd;w NghJk;> tUq;fhyj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLtjw;fhd
rhj;jpaq;fisAk; tha;g;GfisAk; kWf;fNth kiwf;fNth KbahJ.; me;j tUq;fhyk;
vd;gJ ePz;l neLq;fhyq;fsha;> jiyKiwfs; rpy gy jhz;ba xd;wha; ,Ue;J tpl;lhy;
rup. xUNtis tof;F ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyj;jpNyNa rjpfhuu;fspd;
Mal; fhyj;jpw;Fs;NsNa mwptpay; cyfj;jpd; jPu; Tk; fpl;b tpl;lhy; .? xNu MWjy; vd;d
vd;why; cldbahf mg;NghNj khl;bf; nfhs;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fSk; tha;g;GfSk;
mg;Nghijf;Ff; fpilahJ. ,ijAk; kiwf;fNth kWf;fNth KbahJ.

rpwpJ vOjg; gbf;fTk;> jpde;NjhWk; khwptUk; ehl;L elg;Gfis> cyfr; rKjha
elg;Gfisr; nra;jp Clfq;fs; thapyhfj; njupe;J nfhs;Sk; MHtKk; mf;fiwAk; cs;s
,e;jf; fpufj;jpd; vth; xUtUf;Fk; Gyg;glf; $ba xU mg;gl;lkhd mk;kz cz;ik
jhd; Nkw; $wpa midj;Jr; rhj;jpaq;fSk; . ekJ ehfuPf cyfpd; rl;l mikg;G>
eilKiwfspy; cs;s Mapuk; Fw;wthspfs; jg;gpf;f NeHe;jhYk; xU epuguhjpj;
jz;bf;fg;gl;L tplf; $lhJ vd;w ,e;j ,J Nghd;w Xl;ilfs; topahfj; jg;gpf;f
Neh;e;jhy; cz;L. ,y;iynadpy; jz;bf;fg;gl jhd; mjpfk; tha;g;Gz;L> jg;gpf;f my;y.
Fw;w Kfhe;jpuq;fis rup tu ep&gpf;f Kbahj tof;Ffspy; vg;gb ePjp kd;wk;
re;Njfj;jpd; gyid xU Fw;wthspf;Fr; rhjfkhfj; jpUg;gpj; jPu;g;gspf;fpwNjh mg;gbj;
jhd; ,e;j ,J Nghd;w tof;FspYk;. ,Uf;fpd;w> fpl;Lfpd;w nkhj;j tha;g;GNk 50 rjtPjk;
jhd;.


50:50 tof;fhd ,e;j ,J Nghd;w tof;Ffspy; Mf vt;tsT ftdj;Jld;
jpl;lkpl Ntz;bapUf;Fk; vd;gJ gw;wp NkYk; NkYk; Mokhf tptupf;fj; Njitapy;iy.
Vw;fdNtNa mJ cs;sq;if ney;ypf; fdp. Mf tof;F vd tUk; NghJ vg;gbg;gl;lf;
fLikahd> $Hikahd> Jy;ypakhd (xUNtis mwptpay; cyfk; mjw;Fs; ,jw;nfhU
jPHitf; fz;Lgpbj;Jtpl NeHe;jhy;..... nrhy;yNt Ntz;bajpy;iy.) Gyd; tprhuizfis
vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;b tUk; vd;gijAk; rjpfhuHfs; ed;FzHe;Nj nray;gl;bUg;gH. Mf
re;Njfj;jpd; epoy; ehis xU rpwpJk; Fw;wthspfs; jug;gpd; kPJ tpOe;J tplf; $lhJ
vdf; ftdf; $HikAld; ,r; rjpj; jpl;lj;ij muq;Nfw;wk; nra;jpUg;ghHfNsahdhy;>
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rjpfhuh;fs; Kd; (rjpiar; nray;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd; fzk; tiu) NjHe;njLf;fr;
rhj;jpakhapUe;j> xNu top Nkhdpfhtpd; me;juq;fg; gpuNtrk;; Nghd;w xU jpl;lNk.
mjhtJ ,f;rpj; J~;gpuNahfj;Jf;fhdj; jPHT ,d;dKk; me;j epkplk; tiu mjhtJ
rjpiar; nray;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd; fzk; tiu fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vDk;
gl;rj;jpNyNa.)


mg;gb ,d;ndhU Foe;ij Mir VJk; ,Ue;J> Mdhy; mij epiw Ntw;wpf;
nfhs;tjw;fhd cly; jFjpapd;ik ahNuDk; xUtUf;fhtNjh my;yJ ,uz;L
NgUf;FkhfNt (NrHe;Nj) ,Ue;jpUe;jpUe;jJ vd;whNyh $l> fz;bg;ghff; fl;lhak; mjw;Fupa
rpfpr;ir Kiwia Nehf;fpf; fl;lhak; me;Neuk; efu;e;jpUg;gH. mg;gb efHe;jpUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;
Fiw `pyhupaplkpUe;jhy; Nrhjidr; rhiy topf; Foe;ij Kaw;rpia Nehf;fpNah> (mjhd;
1978 NyNa Nrhjidr; rhiyf; Foe;ij trjp te;J tpl;lNj.) my;yJ Fiw fpspz;ldplk;
,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,e;Neuj;jpw;F ml;yP]; l; mtH mnkupf;fhtpw;F mjpguhd 1993-f;Fg; gpwfhtJ>
(mtu; mnkupf;f mjpgu; gjtpapy; mku;tjw;F rw;Wr; rpy khjq;fSf;F Kd; jhd;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl; l ,e;j ,f;rp rpfpr;ir Kiw gw;wpa mwptpay; cyfpd; mjpfhug;G+h;t
gpufldj;jpw;Fg; gpwfhtJ) ,f;rp rpfpr;ir Kiw Nehf;fpa efu;itNahahtJ Nkw;
nfhz;bUf;ff; $Lk;. my;yJ filrpf;Fk; filrpahf ,f;rp gw;wp VNjh guhgupahfj; njupe;J
itj;jpUf;fthtJ $Lk;.

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eguplk;> mJTk; vg;gbg;gl;;l xU eguplk;? vg;gbg;gl;l xU ehl;by;? mtu; ntWk; mnkupf;fh
vd;w xU ehl; Lf;F kl;Lk; mjpguy;y> cyfpNyNa rf;jp tha;e;j xU ehl;bd; mjpgUk;
$l. mg;gbg;gl;ltuplk; Ngha;> mtiug; gw;wpa mtuJ me;juq;fj; jfty;fs; gw;wpa KO
tpguq;fSk; njupAk; Kd;dNu ,f;rpiaj; J~;gpuNahfk; nra;a Kaw;rpj;jy; vd;gJ
Kd;Nahridia Kw;Wk; Jwe;jtd; $lr; nra;aj; Jzpahj nray;. J}q;Ffpwtd;
njhilapNy fapW jpupg;gJ vd ,q;Nf ehl;Lg; Gwj;jpy; $WthHfNs xU gonkhop mg;gb
fpl;lj; jl;l mij xj;j xU Ntiy ,J. mJTk; ahuplj;jpy;..... vq;Nf......vg;Ngu;gl;l
kdpjuplj;jpy;? vd;w ,lk;> nghUs;> fhyk;> Vty; ghu;f;fj; jf;f xU nray;.

ml ahuha; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; vd;d? vq;Nf vg;gbg;gl;l kdpjuha; ,Ue;jhy; jhd;
vd;d? ,ij epiwNtw;wpNa jPu;Ntd; vd;d tpiy nfhLj;jhtJ vDksTf;F xU
Jzpr;ry; cs;s kdpjDk; $l xU Kiw xNu xU KiwahtJ mtDk; rw;W Nahrpj;Jg;
ghu;f;f khl; lhdh? vjw;F tk;G? $ba kl;Lk; ier;rpakhd topfspNyNa Kaw;r;rpj;Jg;
ghu;g;Nghk;> mjw;Fk; Nky; xd;Wk; Ntiyf;fhftpy;iy vd;why; mg;Gwk; mg;Gwk;
Nahrpg;Nghk; mg;gbg;gl;l xU tpspk;G epiy Kaw;rp Nehf;fp vd> ghJfhg;ghd xU top
Kiw gw;wpj; jhd;> ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; ekf;F Ntz;ba jftiyg; ngWtJ vg;gb
vd;W jhd; vtUk; Nahrpj;jpUg;gu;. mjw;Fk; $l ,yf;F kdpjH J}q;fpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhy;
Mapw;W. J}q;FtJ Nghy ebj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhy;.? ebf;ff; $l Ntz;lhk;. (ebg;G
vd;gJ $l vg;NghJ tUk;? re;Njfk; tUk;NghJ> mg;gb xU re;Njfk; Vw;fdNtNa
Njhd;wpapUe;J> mjd;gb Kd;$l;BNa xU vjpu;ghHg;Gk; ,Ue;J> ifAk; fsTkhfg; gpbf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;w fhj;jpUg;Gj; jpl;lKk; ,Ue;jhy; jhNd? Mf me;jf; Nfhzj;jpw;F ,g;NghJ
ehk; NghfNt Ntz;lhk;.) xUNtis ntWkNd J}f;fk; tuhjtd; fz;fis %bagbNa
gLf;ifapy; Guz;L Guz;L gLg;gijg; Nghy J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhy;?...... ,yf;F kdpjupd;
cwf;fk; cz;ikj; J}f;fkh? my;yJ Nghyp twl;L cwf;fkpd;ikah? vd;gij vg;gbj;
jhd; .njupe;J nfhs;tJ?

fzf;fpylq; fhJ A+f Ntl;iliaj; njhlu;e;J elj;jpf; nfhz;Nl jhd; nry;yyhk;. Mdhy;
vg;gb CH[pjg;gLj;jpf; nfs;tJ? ,e;j midj;Jf; Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; A+fq;fSf;Fk; gjpy;
nrhy;yj; jf;f> mNj Neuk; ,e;j tp~ak; ,yf;F kdpjUk; rw;Wk; czuKbahj tz;zk;>
jd;idAkwpahky; mtuplkpUe;Nj mtH thiaf; nfhz;Nl tutiog;gijg; Nghd; Nwh>
my;yJ mtuJ nray; xd;wpd; thapyhfNt gjpyhfg; ngwj;jf;f tifapNyh mike;j
nghwp xd;iw Kjypy; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg; gl;l xU m&gg; nghwpnahd;iw
Vw;gLj;jp mjpy; mtu; rpf;Ffpwhuh my;yJ jtpu;j;J xJq;fpf; nfhs;fpwhuh vdr;
Nrhjpg;gjd; %yk; jhd; midj;ijAk; cWjpg; gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. kdpju; kiwe;j
Kd;dhs; ghujg; gpujku; eurpk;kuht; ilg; fy;Ysp kq;fuhapUe;J> rpupf;ff; $l vjw;Fk;
xUKiw Nahrpj;J jhd; rpupg;ghH.NghYk; vDksTf;F fy;Ysp kq;fuha; ,Ue;J tpl;lhy; ?
(k;`{k;.... eurpk;kuht; vq;Nf rpupj;jpUf;fpwhH. tho;f;ifapy; kdpjH; xUKiwNaDk;
rpupj;jpUg;ghuh? rpupg;G vd xU tp~aj;ij ,aw;if gilj;jpUg;gij tho;tpy;
xUKiwNaDk; czHe;jpUg;ghuh vd xl;L nkhj;j ,e;jpar; nra;jp Clfq;fSf;Nf te;j
xU re;Njfk; Nghd;W me;jsTf;F xU fy;Ysp kq;fuha; ,y;yhJ NghdhYk; Kf;fpakhd
jUzq;fspy; eurpk;kuht; uf fy;Ysp kq;f nksdk; filgpbj;J tpl;lhy;.....? Mf ,g;gb
cjLfSf;Ff; $lf; fbthsk; ,l;Ltplf; $Lk;. Mdhy; cs;sj;J czHr;rpfSf;F.?
mjpYk; ,aw;ifapd; gilg;gpNyNa typikahdnjhU czu;r;rpf;F..? mt;tsT vspjpy;
fbthsk; ,l;Ltpl KbAkh vd;d?

,Njh kpf rkPg cjhuzk;. Xghkh. kPz;Lk; mNj mnkupf;fhtpNyNa> mjpgh; tupirapNyNa. VNjh
xU ,e;jpa tk;rhtspg; ngz;zplk; tope;J tpl;L(ePq;fs; kpfTk; mofhf ,Uf;fpwPu;fs; vDk; njhdpapy; vNjh
$wp tpl;L) mg;Gwk; Clfq;fspy; ey;yhr; rupah> nrkj;jpah thq;fpf; fl;bf;nfhz;L tpLNthk; vd;gJ Nghy;
Njhd;wpaJk; kd;dpg;Gf; $lf; Nfl;f tpy;iyah? fz;fSf;F mLj;J cjL jhNd cs;sj;J czH;r;rpfspd;
xU Neub thry;? me;j cjLfisNa>; cjl;L cr;rupg;gpypUe;J tUk; thHj;ijfisNaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jj;
njupahjtHfs; vq;Nf cs;sj;J czu;r;rpfis fl;Lg; gLj;jg; NghfpwhHfs;?


Nkw;fz;l ,e;j a+fq;fSf;nfy; yhk; ey;y njspthdnjhU gjpy; Ntz;Lnkd;why;
mij vy;yhk; vqN;f nrd;W vg;gb ahuplk; Nfl;L;g; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tJ? midj;Jk;
neUlyhd Nfs;tp gjpy;fs;. ekf;F neULfpwNjh ,y;iyNah. Nkhdpfhtpd;
gpd;dzpapypUe;jtHfSf;F neUbapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. fl;lhak; neUbapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jk;gjpfspd; jdpg;gl;l kUj;Jtj; jfty;fis Nkhg; gk; gpbg;gJ> jpULtJ> ifA+l;L
cjtpAld; ngw Kaw;rpg;gJ ,j;ahjp ,j;ahjp vd;gJ Nghd;w tof;fkhd ghuk;gupa
Kiwfs; vy;yhk; mt;tsT cfe;jjha; gl;bUf; fhJ rjpfhuh;fSf;F. fhuzk; Nkw;fz;l
mj;jidg; ghuk;gup;a tof;fkhd topfspYk;> topKiwfspYk;; epoy; msthtJ rjpj;jpl;lk;
frpa tha;g;Gs;sJ.

Mf re;Njfj;jpd; epoy; ehis xU rpwpJk; Fw;wthspfs; jug;gpd; kPJ tpOe;J
tplf; $lhJ vdf; ftdf; $HikAld; ,r; rjpj; jpl;lj;ij muq;Nfw;wk;
nra;jpUg;ghHfNsahdhy;> vdf;Fj; njupe;J> vidg; nghWj;j tiu> vdJ
rpw;wwpTf;nfl;batiu mj;jifa rjpfhuh;fs; Kd; NjHe;njLf;fr; rhj;jpakhapUe;j>
,d;dKk; ,dpNkYk; me;j epkplk; tiu rhj;jpakhapUe;j xNu top Nkhdpfhtpd;
me;juq;fg; gpuNtrk;; Nghd;w xU jpl;lNk. mjhtJ ,f;rpj; J~;gpuNahfj;Jf;fhdj; jPHT
,d;dKk; fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vDk;gl;rj;jpy;> mjhtJ rjpia epfo;j;jj;
Jbj;Jf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; me;j epkplk; tiu jPu;ntd VJk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;
gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vDk; gl;rj;jpNyNa.)

xNu xUtUf;Fj; njupAk; tiu jhd; ufrpak;. ,uz;lhtjhf xU egUf;Fj; njupe;J
tpl;lhNy mjw;Fg; ngau; ufrpak; fpilahJ vd;gH. ,e;j mbg; gilapy; ghHj;jhy; ve;j xU
rjpj;;jpl;lj;jpd; ntw;wpAk; my;yJ mjd; Njhy;tpAk; mjd; $l;Lg; gq;fhspfs; vj;jid NgH
vd;gijg; nghWj;J jhd; mjd; ntw;wp rjtPjKk;;> Njhy;tp rjtPjKk;. Mf ,uz;lhtJ
kdpju; xUtiu NrHj;Jf; nfhs;shj tiu ve;j xU ufrpaKk; ufrpaNk. 100 rjtPjg;
gj;jpuj; jd;ikAilaJ jhd;. ,uz;lhtJ egu; vd xNu xU egiur; NrHj;jhNy NghJk;
mg;NghNj me;jf; fzNk mjd; ufrpaj; jd;ik vd;gJk>; mjd; fhuzkhfNt mjd; ntw;wp
Njhy;tpr; rhj;jpak; vd;gJTk; Nfs;tpf;Fupajhfp tpLfpwJ. mjhtJ mjd; ufrpaj;
jd;ikapd; gj;jpuj; jd;ik vd;gJ> epfo;jfT mbg;gilapy; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; > ehzak;
Rz;Ljypy; cs;s G+th jiyah? epfo; jfT Nghyj; jhd;. mjd; epfo;jfT kjpg;G 0.50
kl;LNk.

Mf xU $l;Lr; rjp vd tUk; NghJ Kbe;j tiu me;jr; rjp muq;Nfw;wj;Jf;F
mtrpakhd mth;fspd; Neubg; gq;fspg;G ,y;iynad;why; mr;rjpauq;Nfw;wj;ijNa $l
mLj;jLj;jf; fl;lq;fSf;F Kd; efHj;jpr; nry; y KbahJ vDksTf;F ,d;wpaikahj
kdpju;fisad;wp kw;wth;fisr; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;tnjd;gJ mjd; ntw;wpr; rhj;jpaq;fisf;
Fiwf;ff; $ba xU tp~aNk. vj;jid jhd; ek;gpf;iff;FupatHfsha; fhl; rpaspj;j
NghjpYk; xU rpW fUj;J NtWghL NghJk;> nkhj;j ufrpaKk; rpjw. ,jdhy; jhd;
nfhs;isf;Fg; NghdhYk; $l;L MfhJ vd;gH. Mff; $l;lzpiaf; Fiwf;fj; jhd;
Kbe;jsT Kad;wpUg;gNu jtpu> mjw;Fg; gjpyhf $l;lzpia tp];jPupj;jf; nfhz;Nl
nry;tjw;F ,J vd;d Neub murpay;> ,uhZt eltbf;ifah vd;d? (,jpYk;
Ez;murpay; ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jpUf;fhJ vd;w NghjpYk;)





kpfg; ngupa cz;ikfis kpfr; rpf;fyhd thHj;ij tbtq;fspy;jhd; ntspg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy. vspa thHj;ijfspYk; $l ntspg;gLj;jyhk; . tl;lk; vd;w
fUj;JUitj; jhj;gupaj;ijg; Gupe;J nfhs;s rpy nr.kP MuKs;s tl;lj;jiAk;
Nju;e;njLf;fyhk;. G+kpapd; Muj;Jf;Fr; rkkhfTk; Njh;e;njLf;fyhk;. ,uz;Lk; xNu
fUj;JUitj; jhd;> tl;lk; vd;w jhj;gupaj;ijj; jhd; Fwpf;fpd;wd vd;w NghjpYk; ,uz;Lk;
mjd; vy;yh mk;rq;fspYk; xd;wy;y. ,e;j ,uz;ilAk; kdpjHfs; Gupe;J nfhs;Sk; tpjKk;
MSf;F Ms;> ,lj;Jf;F ,lk;> fhy> Njr> tHj;jkhdj;ijg; nghWj;J khWgLk;.
khWgl;bUe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gJ jhd; fle;j fhy kdpj Fy tuyhW fhl; Lk; cz;ik.
,jdhy; jhd; Nkjhtpahd nghUs;fnsy;yhk; vspikAk; rpwpaJkhd vd;whYk; mHj;j
MoKs;s vd;gd Nghd;w gonkhopfNs tpisT jhd; Nkhdpfhtpd; nts;is khspifg;
gpuNtrkha; cUg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mNj Neuk; kpfTk;
tPupakhd.];ngu;k; fTz;l; nfhz;l
Vw;fdNtNa jahH epiyapy; ICSI !
nfhs;shj
ijAk; CH[pjk; nra;J nfhz;lhf nts;is
khspifg; CH[pjk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf
(mjhtJ 1.fpspz;ld; Vw;fdNtNa fUj;jil mWit nra;J nfhs;shj mNj
Neuk; kpfTk; tPupakhd ];ngu;k; fTz; l; nfhz;l xU Mz; jhdh? my;yJ 2.f.m.rp.
nra;J nfhs;shj mNj Neuk; ];ngu;k; fTz; l; tPupak; Fiwe;j Mzh? > my;yJ
3.fUj;jil mWitr; rpfpr;irNa nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhYk; ey;y tPHakhd xU ];ngu;k;
fTz; l; nfhz;l Mzh? Nkw;fz; l ,e;j 3 rhj;jpag;ghLfspy; vj;jifaJ mtuJ epiy?
mjhtJ ,aw;ifahd fytp topf; fUj;jupg;gpy; mtUila fUj;jupg;Gj; jpwd; vt;tsT?


,aw;ifahd xU fytp topf; fUj;jupg;ig Cf;Ftpf;ff; $basTf;F mtuJ
tpe;jZf;fs; xU ey;y MNuhf;akhd tPu;akhd ];ngu;k; fTz; l;> kw;Wk; fUj;jupg;Gj;
jpwidf; (motality) nfhz;Ls;sjh? my;yJ nraw;if Kiwapdhy; md;wp ,aw;ifahd
fytp topf; fUj;jupg;gpd; %yk; nrhe;j kidtpia kl;Lky;y cyfpd; NtW ve;j xU
,sk; ngz; izAk; $lf; fUj;jupf;fr; nra;tjw;fhd jpwidAk; msitAk; nfhz;buhjjh?
vg;gbg;gl;lJ mtUila ];ngHk; fTz; l; kw;Wk; fUj;jupg;Gj; jpwd;? Nkw;fz; l
rhj;jpaq;fspy; vijf; nfhz;lJ? Ke;ijaijah? my;yJ gpe;ijaijah? vdj; njhpe;J
nfhs;tjw;fhf> cz;ik epiyia CH[pjk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf
vd;Nw ek;GfpNwd;.. mg;gbg;gl;l tuyhw;Wr;
rpwg;G tha;e;j xU buhkhit>


vt;tsT Kiw cq;fshy; KbANkh mt;tsT
Kiw vd;NdhL d d layhf;Fldh
Muk;gpf;f !
#

>
fhjYld;
ghHf;f gf;-
nraYk; Nehf;fKk; vg;NghJNk xd;wha; ,Uf;f Ntz; Lk; vd;w mtrpak; fpilahNj.
jhd;. Mdhy;..

(,e;j ,lj;jpy; vd; kdf; fz;Zf; Fj; njupe;j xU Xuq;f ehlff; fhl;rpiaNa
gbg;gth; Kd; itj;Js;Nsd;. jHf;fg; nghUj;jghL cs; sjh vd;gij gbg;gth; fNs
jPu;khdk; nra;J nfhs;sl;Lk;.)

vd;d Mdhy;.....

,d;W Ntz;lhk;. ,d;ndhU ehs; ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.

,ijj; jhd; Nfl;Lf; Nfl;Lr; rypj;Jg; Gspj;Jg; Ngha; tpl;lNj. ghy;tpid Neha; VJk;
,Ue;J tpl;lhy; vd;d nra;tJ vd;W ghHf;fpwhah?

ntspg;gilaha; ntFspj;jdkha; Nfl;L tplf; $ba xU Nfs;tpah ,J? mJTk; ahuplk;
vq;Nf vg;Ngh;gl;l xU kdpjhplk;? vd;w jaf;f gak; jhNd?

r;rPrP mg;gbnay;yhk; xd;Wk; ,y;iy. ,d;W Ntz;lhk; ,d;ndhU ehs; ghhj;Jf;
nfhs;NthNk?

Vd; tPl;Lf;F VJk; J}ukh? (khj tpyf;iff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH)

,y;iy ,y;iy. Mkhk;. Mkhk;.


Nkhdpfh vd;dhapw;W cdf;F? Vdpe;jf; Fog;gk;> jLkhw;wk;;? xUNtis tpUg;gkpy;iyNah?
tpUg;gkpy;iyNay; nrhy;yp tpL. ntspg;gilahfNt!. tpiy khjh;fSf;Ff; $l tpUg;g
cupikia mspj;Js;s> jdpkdpj Rje;jpuj;jpd; rh];jpupaf; fskhd mnkupf;fhtpy; thOk;
ngz; eP. muG> Mrpa mbikg; ngz; zy;y eP. ntspr; nrhy;yf; $l ,ayhky; nte;J
GOq;f! ,zq;ftpy;iyNay; vq;Nf mjpfhuj; J];g;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshf Ntz; bapUf;FNkh
vd;w mr;rj;jpd; ghw;gl;L> xU epHge;jj;jpd; Ngupy; tpUg;gKs;sijg; Nghy; ebf;f Ntz; ba
mtrpaKkpy;iy> NjitAkpy;iy.

INah kz;zhq;fl;b. ngz;fspd; jHk rq;flk; ,e;j Mz;fSf;F vd;W jhd; Gupag;
NghfpwNjh?. ,e;j Mz;fs; cyfNk ,g;gbj; jhd; NghYk;. murd; Kjy; Mz;b tiu
mJ ahuhf> ve;j ehl;L Mz;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; fhyq;fhykhf ,J jhd; tof;fk;
NghYs;sJ. vd; Nghd;w ,sk; ngz; nzhUj;jpapd; mJTk; nts;is khspifapy;
mnkhpf;f mjpghplNk Neubahf gzpGhpAk; vd; Nghd;w ,sk; ngz; nzhUj;jpapd; jHk
rq;flk; cyifahYk; cq;fSf;F vq;Nf Ghpag;; NghfpwJ?

Gupatpy;iyNa Nkhdpfh cd; G+lfg; Ngr;R.

(Nghlh ntz;nza; ,J$lg; Gupahj cd;id ek;gp Xl;Lg; Nghl; L ,e;jj; Njrj;ijNa
Vd; ,e;j cyifNa cd; tpuy; Edpapy; xg;gilj;Js;s ,e;j mnkupf;f thf;fhsg;
ngUq;Fb kf;fsr; nrhy;yDk;.- (rpupf;fTk; ,J Nkhdpfhtpd; ikdl; tha;]; N[hf; )

g;sP]; GupQ;Rf;Fq;f iftrk; jw;NghJ VJk; fUj;jil khj;jpiuNah> ciwNah $l
,y;iy. ,d;ndhU rkak; ghHj;Jf; nfhs;NthNk. ntspg;gilahff; filfspy; Nfl; ff;
$r;rk;. jhdpaq;fp ,ae;jpuKk; xd;W gp]p my;yJ mf;fk; gf;fk; ahNuDk; cs;s epiy.
kPbahf;fspd; fOFf; fz; fs; xU Gwk;. mijAk; tpQ;Rk; cq;fs; kidtpapd; fz; fs;
NtW ,d;ndhU Gwk;. Vw;fdNtNa mtUf;F vd; kPJ xU re;Njfk; cz;Nlh vd;w gak;
NtW vdf;nfg;NghJk; cz; L.

cq;fSf;nfd;d? Mz;fs; cyfNk NtW. vd; epiy mg;gbah?

mlg; G+! ,t;tsT jhdh? ehd; $l VNjh vd;dNth vd;W gae;Nj Ngha; tpl;Nld;.
,jw;Fg; Ngha; xj;jp itg;ghNdd;;?. vd;idf; Nfl;lhy; $w khl;Nldh ehNd Neubaha;>
mjw;F mtrpaNk. ,y;iy vd;W.

fh;g;g epfo;it vz; zpj; jhNd eP mQ;Rfpwha; ;? NjitNa ,y;iy me;jg; gak;.
ehd; Vw;fdNtNa fUj;jil m.rp nra;J nfhz;ltd; jhd;.

,e;j ,J Nghd;w gjpy;fis vjpu;ghHj;Jj; jhd; .,e;j ehlfNk muq;Nfw;wk; nra;ag;gl;bUf;ff; $Lk;
vd;gJ NtW tplak;. Mdhy; ehk; vjpu; ghHg;gJ Nghy; ,Jkhjpupahd gjpy;fs; me;j Neuk; fpspd;ldplk;
,Ue;J te;jpUf;Fkh? vd; why; te;jpUf;fhJ vd;gNj vidg; nghWj;jtiu vdJ A+fk;. Vnddpy; Vw;fdNtNa
fpspd;ld; fUj;jil m.rp nra;jpUf;f tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;w NghjpYk;> me;j tha;g;ig kq;f itf;Fk;>
kOqfbf;Fk; fhuzpfSk; ,y;yhky; ,y;iy. fpspz;lDf;F Vw;fdNtNa Foe;ij ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mJ xNu
xU ngz; Foe;ijahd nryf;]p tpf;Nlhupah kl;LNk. ,ay;ghfNt ,d;ndhU Foe;ij ,y;iyah?. my;yJ
`pyhhp> fpspz;ld; jk;gjpfs; ,UtUk; kdk; xj;J tpUk;gpNa> xd;Nw xd;Wld; NghJk; vdf; fUj;jLg;G
Kiwfs; VJk; nra;J nfhz;lduh? vjdhy;? vjdhy;...,uz;lhtJ Foe;ij ,y;iy mtHfs;
kztho;f;ifapy;? vd; gJ neUlyhd Kf;fpaf; Nfs;tp. mjpYk; ,f;rp J~;gpuNahfk; Nghd;wnjhU rjpj;
jp;l;lj;ij muq;Nfw;wyhkh? Ntz;lhkh? muq;Nfw;wyhk; vd;why; mjw;fhd Vw;w cfe;j egu; ,tu; jhdh?;>
cfe;j Ntis> me;j cfe;j Ntis ,Jjhdh? vd MtYld; vjpu; ghHj;Jf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s

rjpfhuu;;fSf;F ,J cldbahf tpil fhz Ntz;ba xU Kf;fpaf; Nfs;tp. murpaypYk;> nghJ tho;tpYk;
ntw;wpfukhf eil Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L te;j me;jg; Gfo; kpf;f jk;gjpfSf;F xd;Wf;F Nky; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhy;
mJ ,UtUf;FNk jq;fsJ tskhd vjpu;fhyf; fdTfis miltjw;F xU ngUj;j Rikaha; $lj;
Njhd;wpapUf;f tha;g;Gs;sJ. Mf ,d;ndhU Foe;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd kUj; Jtg; nghUshjhuj;;
jFjpAk;> jpwDk; ,Ue;Jk; $l> mij xU $Ljy; Rik vdf; fUjpg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jhu;fsh?
my;yJ cz;ikapNyNa ,Utupy; ahNuDk; xUtUf;F kUj;Jtj; jFjpapd;ik (kyl;Lj; jd;ik) fhuzkhf
,Jtiu ngw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iyah? mg;gb kyl;Lj; jd;ik fhuzkhfj; jhd; ,uz;lhtJ Foe;ijf;F
tha;g;gpy;iy vd;why; me;j kyl;L egu; ahu;? fpspz;ldh? `pyhupah? mk; kyl;Lj; jd;ikapd; tPupa rjtPjk;
vd;d? eptu;j;jpf;ff; $baJ jhdh? mg;gb epthuzj;jpw;fhf Vjk; rpwg;G rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; vijAk;
Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sduh? ];ngu;k; fTz;l; ntWk; rpq;fps; b[pl;by; ,Ue;jhy; $lg; guthapy;iy. mg;gbg; gl;l
kyl;L MizAk; xU jfg;gdhf;fj; jahuha; te;Js;s ,e;j ,f;rp rpfpr;ir Kiw gw;wp> mJ gw;wpa
tpopg;Gzu;Tj; jfty;fisg; ngw;Ws;shuh? vd; gJ Nghd;w ,g;gbg;gl;l mLf;fLf;fhd Nfs;tpfs;
Kisj;njOe;jpUf;Fk; ,y;iyah? l;upy;ypad; lhyu; neUly; Nfs;tpfsy;yth ,it?

,y;iy. mJ te;J..

vd;d kWgbAk; ,y;iy te;J Ngha; .,q;f ghH. cdf;N;f Vw;fdNtNa ed;F
njupAk; ehk; gu];guk; jpUkznky;yhk; nra;J nfhs;s ,ayhJ vd;W. Ntz;Lkhdhy;
g;upag;gl;lhy; ekf;Fs; Vw;gl cs;s ,e;j xU njhlHig> ge;jj;ij jpUkz cwtp;w;F
ntspNa xU me;juq;fj; njhlHghf> me;juq;f ge;jkhf Ntz; Lkhdhy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. mJTk; $l xU FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fj; jhd;. ,Jjhd; ,e;jr; r%fk;
ekf;fspj;Js;s mjpfgl;r cr; r tuk;G. gbj;j Gj;jpf; $HikAs;s ngz; zhd cdf;F
,Jnty;yhk; ehd; nrhy;ypj;jhd; Gupa Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy. cdf;Nf ed;F GupAk;.

,jw;F NkYk; eP jaq; Ftijg; ghHj;jhy; ....
k;..

mJ vdJ xOf;fj;jpd; Nky; cdf;Fs;s re;Njfj;ijj; jhd; Rhl;Ltjha;; fUj
,lKs;sJ.
ngupa kdpjH. vj;jidNah gy ,lq;fspy; njhlHG ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. me;j vj;jidNah
,lq;fspd; vj;jidNah njhlHGfspy; ekf;Fk; Kd; vj;jid NgNuh? Mf me;j
vj;jidNah njhlHGfspy; vq;Nfh xU ,lj;jpy; rWf;fpapUe;jhYk; $lg; NghJNk.
n`r;.I.tp gy;fpg; ngUj;J mr;RWj;Jk; ,d;iwa ehl;fspy; ahiu ek;GtJ? ahiuj; jhd;
ek;ghky; tpyf;FtJ. n`r;.I.tpf;Fj; njupAkh? ,tu; mnkupf;f [dhjpgjp vd;Wk; ,tupd;
kfj;Jtk; vt;tsT vd;Wk;? n`r;.I.tp msTf;Fg; Nghf Ntz; lhk;. Fiwe;j gl;rk;
ghy;tpid Neha;fshtJ gPbj;jpUf;fhJ vd;gjw;F vd;d cj;juthjk;?

mg;gb ghy;tpid Neha;fs; VJk; gPbj;jpUe;J jhw;fhypfkhf kUj;Jt rpfpr;irfspdhy;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jhy;.? ,itnay;yhk; jhNd cd; gak; Nkhdpfh?

k;>.Ntz;Lkhdhy; cdf;fhf xd;W nra;ayhk;. vdJ kUj;JtH %yk; n`r;.I.tp>
ghy;tpid Neha;fSf;fhd g;&/g; (kUj;Jtr; rhd;wpjo; xd;iw) mspj;jhy; xUNtis
cdJ gak; ePq;ff; $LNkh vd;dNth.....? vd;d. ,jdhy; vd; ,Nk[; jhd; rw;Wf;
Fiwaf; $Lk;. FLk;gj;jpYk; rpwpJ Fog;gk; Vw;glf; $lf; $Lk;. mjdhy; vd;d
guthapy;iy cdJ re;NjfKk; epahakhdJ jhNd?

[Nah NghJk;! vd;idf; nfhy;yhjPqf> thq;f cq;fis ek;GfpNwd;.

fpspz;lDk; ,e;j rjpf;Nfw;w rfyf; fy;ahzf; Fzq;fisAk; jhd; Vw;fdNtNa mikag; ngw;wtuha;
,Ue;jpUf;fpwhNu. Vf gj;jpdp tpujk; G+z;l ,e;jpa ,jpfhr ,uhkgpuhdh vd;d mtu;> NfhFyf; fpU~;zidg;
Nghyy;yth GFe;J tpisahb cs;shH. vw;fdNtNa 1.n[dp/gu; /g;Nshtu;];> 2.Nfj;ypd; tpy;yp> 3.gTyh
N[hd;] ; vdr; rpyg; gyUld; nra;jpfspy; mbgl;ltu; jhNd? Clfq;fspd; thapyhff; frpe;J ntsp te;jJ
,e;j 3. ntsptuhjJ ,d;Dk; vj;jid NgNuh? vDk;gbf;Fj; jhNd mtuJ fle; j fhy yPiyfSk;
mike;jpUe;jJ. Mf Nkhdpfh jug;gpy; ,g;gbnahU vz;zk; vOtjwfhd tha;g;GfSk;> mjw;fhd xU
jd;dpiy tpsf;fkha; fpspz;ld; ,g;gb vjhtJ kOg;gy; gjpy;fis ntspapl vj;jdpg;gJk; ,ay;G jhNd?

Nkhdpfhitg; nghWj;j tiu vd;d jhd; njupe;Nj ,e;j buhkhTf;fhf te;jhYk; ehis n`r;.I.tp> ghy;tpid
Neha;fs; vd te;jhy; ahu; ghjpg;gJ? vt;tsT jhd; gzk; fpilf;fpwJ vd;whYk; ,e;j up];f; vLf;f
vy;NyhuhYk; ,aYkh? KbAkh?. ,J ntWk; xOf;f kPwy; kl;Lky;y> rjpj; jpl;lk; kl;Lky;y> capu; gak;
Vw;gLj;Jk; Mgj;Jk; $l. Mf Nkhdpfh jug;gpd; gaKk; rup>; fpspz;ldpd; jd;dpiy tpsf;fKk; rup Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sf; $baj; jHf;fg; nghUj;jg;ghL cs;sNj. (,g;gbnahU Xuq;f ehlf xj;jpiffs; epfo;e;jpUf;Fk;
gl;rj;jpy;...epfohky; vd;d? fz;bg;ghf ,g;gb xU epfo;itf; fle;J jhd; NkhdpfhTldhd Nll;bq; xU
KbTf;F te;jpUf;ff; $Lk;.) NkYk; mjpf tpguq;fs; Njitg; gLNthH mZfTk; tpf;fpg; gPbah kw;Wk;
,izaj;jpYs;s ,J rk;ge;jkhf fijf;Fk; Vuhskhd ,iza js Kftupfis.)



xU ehlfk; ,g;gbj;jhd; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;bUf;ff;$Lk;.
jhDk;
[dhjpgjpNa MdhYk; mJTk; mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpNa
MdhYk; mtUk; kdpjH jhNd? mtUk; cs;Sf;Fs; ,uj;jKk; rijAk; nfhz;l
ruPuj;jhYk; czHr;rpfshYk; jhNd Msg;gLfwhh;. ,jw;Fs; Kw;Wk; Jwe;J tpl;l
khKdptuha; Mfptpl;lhuh?..... vd;d!

mJ [dhjpgjpNa MdhYk;
mJTk; mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpNa MdhYk;.
gupNrhjid Ntl;if vd;w ngaupy; (jhd; ghYzHit ntd;Wtpl;NlhNkh
,y;iyah? vd;w jdJ ghypay; Nrhjidf;F(?) (jdJ Ngj;jp tajpypUe;j?) ,sk;
ngz; fNshL epu;thzkhfg; gLj;Jwq;fpg; gupNrhjpj;jf; fhe;jpapd; taijf; fhl; lbYk;
(77tajpYk; ,e;j Nrhjidiaf; fhe;jpahy; epWj;jp tpl ,aytpy;iy.) ,J xd;Wk; ngupa
tajpy;iy vd;w NghjpYk;> mnkupf;ff; NfhHl;bd; Fl; bypUe;Jk;> nra;jp Clfq;fspd;
tpku;rdq;fspypUe;Jk; fpspz;ldhy; Kw;wpYk; jg;gp tpl ,aytpy;iy.

(fpl;lj;jl;l gTyh N[hd;]{ldhd tof;Ff;F kl;Lk; mtUf;Fk; mtuJ
tof;fwpQUf;Fkhfr; Nrh;j;J e~;l <lhf rw;Nwwf; Fiwa 9>40>00 lhyH mguhk;
fl;bapUf;fpwhH. gTyh N[hd;]{ldhd jdj cwitf; filrp tiuf; fpspz;ld; kWj;j
te;j NghJk;> gTyh N[hd;]pd; tof;Ff; fPo; NfhHl;by; js; Sgb nra;ag; gl;bUe;j
NghjpYk; kPz;Lk; gTyh jug;G xU mg;gPy; kDit [{iy 31 1998-y; A.v];.NfHl; M/g;
mg;gPypd; 8-tJ Rw;Wf;F jhf;fy; nra;fpwJ. ,e;j Neuk; ghHj;J Nkhdpfhtpd; tof; fpy;
fpspz;lDf;F vjpuhd ,k;g;gPr;nkd;l;by; (ngha;ahd thf;F %yk; je;jjw;fhf) mguhjk;
fl;l Ntz; b jPHg;G tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,e;jj; jPu;g;gpd; tpisthf filrpapy; gTyh
N[hd;]; tof;Ff;fhfTk; NfhHl;Lf;F ntspNa xU nrl;by;nkz;l; Vw;ghL nra;J tof;if
Kbj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhH.)


mJ
kapNyNa
Ak;. mtuJ ];ngHk; fTz;l; gw;wpa kjpg;gPl;ilAk; > xU
,aw;ifahd fytp topf; fUj;jug;Gf;F mJ NghJkhd jpwidf; nfhz;Ls;sjh?
vd;gJ gw;wpAk; mit fhl;bf; nfhLj;JtpLk;.

gu]; guk; ,UtUNk
mtu;fsJ mij gu]; guk;
,UtUNk mDkjpg;gJ Nghy; MNkhjpg;gJ Nghy; mjhtJ me; j re;Njf gaj;ij
kjpg;gJ Nghyf; fhl;bf; nfhz;L mij mg; gbNa xU gupNrhjidr; rhk;gpshfg;
gadgLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; KbAk;. xU ngz; epidj;jhy; mJTk; fhjy; kaf;fj;jpy;
cs; s xU Mzplk; gaj;ij kjpg;gJ NghyTk; ebf;f KbAk; my;yJ
me;j re;Njf Kk; $l
mfw;wp
glhj
gf;fhthd
Na ey;y tPu;akhd mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd ];ngHk; fTz;l;
nfhz;l xU Mzh my;yJ Fiw tpe;jZf;fs; nfhz;l> ];ngHk; fTz;l;
Fiwe;Js; s> xU Mzh? vd;gJTk; (,jdhy; jhd; NkYk; xU ,uz;lhtJ
Foe;ijf;Fj; jfg;gdhf Kbahj epiyah) vd;gJTk; njs;sj; njspthf Iak;
jpupgwj; njupe;J tpLk;.
vJNth xd;W) tbtj;jpNyh my;yJ kyl;Lj; jd;ik
vd;w tbtj;jpNyh te;J jhd;
,og;gjpypUe;J
vg;gbAk; mtu; ,e;jg; ghypay; Gfhu; tof;Ffspy; gz ,og;gPL
toq;FtjpypUe;J jg;g KbahJ NghdhYk;> ,d;Dk; mjpf e~;lkiltjpypUe;J
Nkw;$wpa fhuzpfs; jhd; mtiu mjpfk; fhg;ghw;wpapUf;ff; $Lk;. jiyf;F
te;jJ jiyg;ghifNahL NghdJ vd;w gonkhopf;Nfw;w khjpup.
(Risk)
(Logic-jHf;fg; nghUj;jk;)
kiwKfkhff; $l
my;y
Nk
(Risk)

csT ghHg;gNj
jug;G
,dpf;
vOk;
jpUkjp `pyhupf; fpspz;lNd 1980-f;Fg; gpd; ve;jf; Foe;ijiaAk;
ngw;wjhfj; njupatpy;iy. ,g;gbapUf;f Nkhdpfhj; jhd; kl;Lk; ,aw;ifahd fytp
topf; fUj;jupg;gpd; %yk; fpspz;lDf;F xU Foe;ijiag; ngw;nwLf;f Kbe;jjha;
vg;gbg; gpufldg; gLj;j KbAk;? Mff; fpspz;ld; FiwghLs;s tpe;jZf;fisNah
my;yJ Fiwthd ];ngHk; fTz;l; nfhz;ltuhfNth my;yJ ,e;j ,uz;L
rhj;jpag;ghilANk Vf fhyj;jpy; nfhz;ltuhfNth> khwhf 3-tJ rhj;jpag;ghlhf
Kw;wpYk; MNuhf;akhd ey;y ];ngHk; fTz;l;ilNa ngw;wpUe;jhYk; $l
Vw;fdNtNa f Nyh
,f;rp-iaj; J~;gpuNahfk; nra;tnjd;gJ> Kw;wpYk; ,ayNt
my;y Nfhbf;fzf;fpy; mjhtJ 4NfhbapypUe;J 10 Nfhb tiu
(
jputj;jpNyh my;yJ
kyl;Lj; jd;ik nfhz;l xu; Mzpd; tpe;jZ jputj;jpNyh
fpspz;ld; xNu xU ngz;
Foe;ijf;F kl;LNk jfg;gdha; ,Ue;jjhy;> Mff; fpspz;ldpd; vjpuhspfSk;
cz;ikapy; kpfTk; Fok;gpg; Ngha;j; jhd; ,Ug;gu;. vjdhy; mtuJ tpe;jZ
jputj;jpy; ];ngHk; fTz;l; Fiwe;Js; sJ? f.m.rp nra;J nfhz;ljhyh? my;yJ
,aw;ifahfNt rw;W ];ngHk; fTz;l; Fiwe;Js; sjhyh? vjdhy; ,g;gbnahU
FiwT? xU Ntis cz;ikahfNt f.m.rp nra;J nfhz;l xU egu; jhdh?
,y;iy ,ay; ghfNt xU Ntis mtupd; ];ngHk; fTz;l; ,e;jf; Fiwe; j msT
];ngu;k;fs; nfhz;l xU ,ay;G ];ngu;k; fTz;l; jhdh? vdf; Fog;gpapUf;ff;$Lk; .
xU Ntis ];ngHk; fTz;l; upry;l; gw;wpa tpguk; kl;Lk; mtHfs; vjpHghHj;jJ
Nghy; kpfTk; tPupakhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; vg;gbAk; ,f;rp J~;gpuNahfj;ijf;
fz;bg;ghf mtuplk; vjpu;ghHj;jpUf;fyhk; jhd;. Mdhy; 10>15 Mz;L fhy

jhk;gj;a tho;f;ifapy; fl;ba nrhe;j kidtpiaNa ,aw;ifahd fytp topf;
fUj;jupg;gpy fUj;jupf;fr; nra;a ,ayhj xU Mz; kfdhy; jpUkz cwTf;F
ntspapyhd xU fs;s cwtpy; kl;Lk; vg;gb kPz;Lk; ,aw;ifahd fytp topf;
fUj;jupg;G xd;iw epfo;j;jpapUf;f KbAk;? mg;gb xU fUj;jupg;G epfo;Tf;F vg;gb
xU rl;l mq;fP fhuk;> rl;lg; ghJfhg;G Nfl; f KbAk;? jHf;fg; nghUj;jk;
,bf;fpwjy;yth? ]P]upd; kidtp re;Njfj;jpw;F mg; ghw;gl;ltsha; ,Uf; f
Ntz;Lk; vDk; NghJ ,f;rp J~;gpuNahfj;jpw;fhd #OYk; egUk; $l
re;Njfj;jpw;F mg; ghw;gl;ltuha; ,Uf; f Ntz;Lk; vd vjpu; ghHg;gjpy; jtnwhd;Wk;
,y;iyNa?
jpUf;fpw
$l $lNt NrHj;
]; jug;gpYk; $l
j;jhy;)
,e;j ,lj;jpy;
vd;dNth
Ruf;ff;
$ba
g;gjpd; %yk; rkhsp

Nfl;];:

1981 Mf];L 12 y; I.gp.vk; epWtdk; jdJ Kjy; gp.]p-I re;ijapy;
mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ. ikf;Nuh rh/g;l; jahupj;jspj;j MS-DOS version-1.0 gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
,q;fpUe;Nj gpur;idfSk; njhlq;Ffpd;wd. cz;ikapy; ,e;j MS-DOS-V scp
fk;ngdpaplkpUe;J mbkhl; L Nul;Lf;F thq;fg;gl;l xd;W. ,ijj; jahupj;jJk; mNj
fk;ngdpiar; Nru;e;j bk; Ngl;lu;]d; vd;w nghwpahsu; jhd;. ,d;nly; fk;ngdp 8086 vd;w
xU Gjpa rpy;Y xd;iw ntspaplg; Nghf mjw;F xU Mg;gNul;bq; rp];lk; jahupj;J
ntspaplg; Nghtjhf b[pl; ly; upru;r; vd;w epWtdk; mwptpf;fg; Nghf mjw;fhfg;
nghWj;jpUe;J nghWj;jpUe;J ntWj;Jg; Nghd bk; Ngl;lu;]d; filrpapy; jhNd mjw;F
xU rhg;l;Ntu; jahupj;J mjw;F Qs- Dos (quick dirty dos-vd;gjd; RUf;fk;.) vdTk; xU
ngau; ,Lfpwhu;.

Mdhy; me;j rh/g;l; NtuUf;fhd KO cupikiaAk; ikf;Nuh rh/g;l; 75>000 -
lhyu; tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fptpl;lhYk;> mij I.gp.vk;-d; gp.]p-apy; nray;gLj;JtJ
mj;Jid vspjhdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Fwpj;j fhyf; nfLTf;Fs; NtW I.gp.vk;-Kf;F ,ij
jahup;j;jspj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. Mff; filrpapy; (md;iwa epiyapy; mtu;fSf;fpUe;j me;j
mjpmtru #o;epiyapy;) mijj; jahupj;j mjd; nghwpahsu; bk; Ngl;lu;]Nd te;jhy;
jhd; fhupak; MFk; vd;w epiy> ikf;Nuh rh/g;l; mjw;Fk; jaq;f tpy;iy.
mtiuAk; mg;gbNa jdJ epWtdj;Jf;F ytl;bf; nfhz;L te;Jtpl;lJ. (Fg;Gwj;
js;spa Fjpiu FopiaAk; gwpj;j fijahf.) nubahd gpd;dNuh I.gp.vk;-Kldhd xg;ge;j
tupfspYk; xU jfpLj;jk;. ,ij kpFe;j gpuahirg;gl;L jahupj;Js;sjhy;> vjpu; fhyj;jpy;
Njit Vw;gl;lhy; rpy jpUj;jq;fSld; kw;w epWtdq;fSf;F tpw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;
jq;fSf;F cupikAz;L vDk; ~uj;ijAk; ie]hf xg;ge;j ~uj;Jfspy; xU topaha;
Nru;j;J tpl;L tpLfpwJ.

,it vy;yhk; fhy jhkjkhfj; njupa te;j scp fk;ngdp tof;F kd;wj;Jf;F
NghfpwJ. Mdhy; mq;Nfh kPl;lUf;F Nky; VjhtJ Nghl;Lf; nfhLq;f rhkp-D nfQ;Rfpw
nrd;id (apd; Nghd jiyKiw) Ml;NlhfhuUf;F Nghlw bg;]; gpr;ir Nghy; mnkupf;f
ePkd;wk; 9>25>000-lhyu; e~;l <L toq;FkhW jPu;g;gspf;fpwJ. Mdhy; v];.]p.gp apd;
X.v];-Ig; gad;gLj;jp gpy; Nfl;]; rk;ghjpj;jNjh kpy;ypaidAk; jhz;b gy gpy;ypad;fs;.



Confessions of an Economic Hit man
xghkh Ntz;Lkhdhy; jw;NghJ ,jw;F xU tpjp tpyf;fha; ,Uf; fyhk;.

tof;F
kd;wj;jpy; kpfTk; mtkhdfukhf khl;bf; nfhz;lJk;
,f;rp vdg;gLk;
IBM
,aq;F jsk;) (operating system)

IBM
IBM
IBM
Nuh~j;Jld;
IBM

vg;gbahtJ
mjw;F te;J tpl;lhHfs; mtuJ vjpuhspfs;.
bUe;j
mtH
kPJ ICSI
e;jpU
mij mg;gbNa mth;
thHj;ijfspNyNa jUtJ jhd; ,q;F rhyg; nghUj;jk; .
J Nghd ,d;Dk; s; ahuhtJ ,Ue;jhy; mj;jifa
egu;fspd; xU ngUk; gl;baiyAk; .
ek;khy; mg;gb xU ngUk; gl;baiyr; Rl;bf; fhl;l KbahJ NghdhYk;
mg;gbg; gl;l rh];jpupa cjhuzq;fSf;F xU tif khjpupahf thtJ gpd; tUk;
,e; epfo;r;rpia Rl;bf; fhl;l KbAk;.
,d;Dk; ,izaj;jpy; fd;dpj; jd;ikia
Vyk; tpLfpw fy; Yupg; ngz;fs; fpilf;fpw ,e; j etPd ,iza Afj;jpy;> ,e;j ,J
Nghd;w NtiyfSf;nfy;yhk; ntspr; re;ijapNyNa epiwa thlifj; jhahu;fs;>
(Vd; fd;dpg; ngz;fNs) fpilg;ghu;fs; vd;w NghjpYk;> mjw; Fk; $l mjpf
mtrpak; ,y;iy> ,tuJ nrhe;jf; Fz eyd;fNs NghJk; mjw;F vdr;
nrhy;yj;jf;f msTf;F mtuJ Muk; g fhy kd cU rfpg;Gj; jd;ik
,d;ikiaAk; nefpo;Tj; jd;ikapd;wp ,Ue;jijAk; (rw;W fLfLg;igAk;
%u;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; $l cs; slf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jijAk); $l rw;W ,q;F
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf mtuJ khspifiaf; fl;b Kbf;f 8
tUlq;fshfpwJ. (1990-y; Muk;gpj;J 1998-y; KbfpwJ fl;Lkhdg;gzpfs;).


me;jf; fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; Rw;Wg;Gwj; jpy; cs; stu;fSf;F kd cisr;ry;
Vw;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,jdhy; 3 FLk;gq;fs; mq;fpUe;J ntspNawptpLfpd;wd. mz;il
mayhu;fspd; Nfhgj;ijj; jzpf;f mtu;fSila fhu;fisAk; ,ju nghUl;fisAk;
J}rp jl;b Jilf;f> Rj;jk; nra;a Ml;fis mDg;gp cjTfpwhu; Nfl;];. mJNt
mtu; FLk;gk; mq;F FbNawpaJk; me; jg; gFjpNa ,uT KOtJk; vupfpw
tpsf;Ffs; vd;d> fhtyhl;fs; vd;;d? mtu; Fb te;J tpl;ljhy; ehq;fs; gj;jpuj;
jd;ikia czu KbfpwJ. mtUila Ml;fs; te;J vq;fs; Njhl;lj;Jg; Gw;fis
ntl;br; rPu; nra;J je;J tpl;Lg; Nghfpwhu;fs;. vd mNj mz;il tPl;lhu;fs;
nrhy;YksTf;F gf;Ftg;gl;bUe;j Nfl;]pd; r%ftpay; mZFKiw mNj ,f;rp
[dpj;j 1992-k; Mz;Lfspy; $l ,e; jsTf;Fg; gf;Ftg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. nkd;ikg;
Nghf;Fk; jhuhs cjhuz Fzg; Nghf;Fk; nfhz;ltuha; ,Ue;jjpy;iy.


gz cjtp NghYk;.
kpfTk; ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ
,uhzpah? vd;gJ jhd;.
,uhzpah?
cjtp kNdhghtj;Jf; Fj; Njit ,uhzpg;gl;lNkh uh[Fy tk;rNkh my;y.
cjTk; kNdhghtk; kl;LNk jhd;.. mJ cz;lh ,y;iyah vd;gJ jhd; Nfs;tp.
mjw;fhd gjpyha; kW tpidaha; Nfl;]plkpUe;J vd;d gjpy; te;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
my;yJ vd;d gjpy; te;jpUe;jhy; ,d;W ,g;gb me; j rhjhuz xU gjpy; $l
,g;gbnahU fLk; tpthjg; nghUSf;fhd xU fUg; nghUsha; mike;jpUf;f
Neu;e;jpUf;fhJ?. mk;kh ,q;f ghuk;kh ,g;NghJ eP vd;d $wpdhYk; vd; fhjpy;
ftd <u;g;gpy; tpohJ. NkYk; ,J mjw;fhd NeuKk; my; y. eP kl;Lky;y ,q;Fs;s
Copau;fs; gl;baypy;. xU ngUk; gl;baNy cs; sJ. Mf cdf;F cjtg; Nghf
mJ gyiu tupir fl;bf; $l;bf; nfhz;L te;J tpLk;. mJ ,g;Nghija vq;fspd;
ftd xUikf;F xU rpjwiy Vw;gLj;Jk; . mjw;Fk; xU Ntis tUkk;kh.
mg;NghJ ghh;f;fyhk;. ,g;NghJ Mis tpL. vd gjkhd ,jkhd ,g;gb xU
gjpiyf; $l mspj;jpUf;fyhk; jhd;. ,JNt thud; Mf ,Ue;jhy; ,g;gbnahU
<uj;NjhL jhd; $wpapUg;ghu;.

Mdhy; thuidg; Nghy; <uj;NjhL xU gf; Ftj;NjhL mij nrhy;y KbahJ
NghdJ kl;Lky; yhky; ,J Nghd;w tp~aq;fis vy;yhk; ntspg;gilahfr; nrhy;y
Kbahjgbf;F mq;Nf mNj thud; g/ngl;Nl Vw;fdNtNa> 30 tajpw;Fs;
kpy;ypadu; Mf Kbahtpl;lhy; x`hkhtpd; caukhd fl;llj;jpy; ,Ue;J Fjpj;J
jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhs;fpNwd; vd;W ez;gu;fspilNa #Oiuj;J> nrhd;dgbNa
rhjpj;Jf; fhl;batUk; $l. Nfl;i] tpl 25 taJ %j;j thud; nrhd;dgbNa
jdJ 30 taJ rhjidNahL NghJk; vd Klq;fp tpl;ltUky;y. rpe;Jghj; Nghy;
njhlu;e;J mg;NghJk; NfhB];tuf; fsj;jpy; gug;gug;ghf ,aq;fp te;j Neuk; jhd;
mJ.

fsj;jpy; njha;tilahj mtuJ njhlu;e;j tsu;r;rpAk; ,tuJ (Nfl;]pd;) ,yf;Fg;
ghij Nehf;fpNa (mjhtJ cyfpd; jiyikf; NfhB];tug; gl;lj;ij Nehf;fpNa)
gazpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJk; Nfl;]pd; thaia milj;jpUf;Fk; . vd;d thud;
g/ngl; mg;gb xU rthiy> #Oiuiar; nrhy;yp tpl;Nl nra;J fhl;batu;.
,dpAk; ,dpNkYk; nra;J fhl;lf; $ba jpwKs;stu;. Nfl;N]h mij nrhy;yhky;
nra;J fhl;lj; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;. ,g;gbg;gl;l NfhB];tuf; nfhy;yu;fs;
epiwe;j mnkupf;f tPjpapy; NkYk; xU rhjhuz nfhy;yuha; $l my;y> jiyikf;

nfhy;yuhfNt khw vz;zpapUe;j Nfl;];> gyiuAk; (mjhtJ rff; NfhB];tuf;
nfhy;yu;fis mjpYk; thud; Nghd;wtu;fis vy;yhk; ) cRg; ghkNyNa nkd;nghUs;
Crp tpw;W mij ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;l epidj;jpUf;fyhk; Nfl;];.

me;jg; ngz;kzpf;Fj; njupe; jpUf;Fkh ,Jnty;yhk;. (Gj; jprhypahd
ngz;kzpaha; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; njupe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. njupatpy;iy Mjyhy;
thq;fpf; fl;bf; nfhz;lJ. ~;ahl;by; vupe;J nfhz;bUe;j Neuj;jpy; gpby; thrpj;j
ngz;kzp NghYk;. mq;Nf mnkupf;fhtpy; gyu; kdj;jpy; (Nfl;]; kdj; jpy;
kl;Lky;y) ,g;gb xU jiyikf; NfhB];tuj; jP vupe;J nfhz;bUg;gJk; me;jg;
gugug;gpy; ek; Nfhupf;if Nghd;w ,g;gbg; gl;ltw;wpw;F ftd <u;g;Gf; fpl;lhnjd;Wk; >
my;yJ mg;gbNaf; fpl;l Ntz;Lnkd;whYk; mjw;Ffe;j Neuk; ,Jty;y vd;w
GupjYk; ,y;iy. ftd <h;g;Gf; fpl;lhtpl;lhYk; guthapy;iy. ,g;NghJ ,g; gbg;gl;l
xU Nfhupf;ifNahL Nghdhy; cjtpf;F khwhf mtu;fSf;F ek; kPJ xU
cgj;jput vupr;ry; jhd; tUk; vd;gJk; me; jg; ngz;kzpapd; ruhrupg; ghu;itapy;
Gupe;jpUf;f epahak; ,y;iy jhd;. Mz;bf;F mtd; ghL vd;why;> jhjDf;Fj;
jd;ghL.

mNj Neuk; vq;Nf ,ij tpl;lhy;> tsu mDkjpj;jhy; ,ijNa
Kd;Djhuzkhff; nfhz;L epiwa Ngu; ,g; gbf; fpsk;gp tpLthu; fNsh> mJ ek;
Nehf;fj;Jf; F ,ilA+wha; mike;J tpLNkh vd;w xU vr;rupf;if czu;T fye;j
vupr;rypy; ,ij ,g;gbNa tpl;Ltplf; $lhJ> ,j;jifa mDfy;fis rw;W
Muk;gj;jpNyNa> KisapNyNa fps;sp vwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kidg;gpy;> xU
cs; Szu;tpd; xU vupr;ry; ce;jypy; $l mg;gbf; nfhQ;rk; fLikahd
gpuNahfkhfNt $wpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. yh]; VQ;ry;]; ilk;]; gj;jpupf;if mspj;jj;
jfty; xd;wpd;gb mg;NghJ ikf;Nuhrhg;l;by; gzpGupe;j jw;fhypf Copau;fspd;
vz;zpf;if kl;Lk; nkhj; j Copau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; 27 rjtPjk;. ikf;Nuh
rh/g;l; Copau;fspy; 1200 Ngu; NfhB];tuh;fshfp ,Uf; fpd;wdh;. ,y;iy
Mf;fg;gl;ldu; vd;gNj nghUj;jk; . Mdhy; Nfl;];.......

mtu; jhd; jiy njwpf;f Xbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ vd;dNth mg;NghNj cyfpd;
jiyikf; NfhB];tug; gl;lj;ij Nehf;fpj; jhd;. Mdhy; me;j Neuj;jpy; te;J
,g;gbg; gyu; fpsk;gpdhy;.. Nehf;fk; ,yf;Fg; gdhy; Mfp tpLk;> fhyp Mfp tplf;
$Lk;. MfNt ,jw;F ,g;Nghijf;F Ntwplk; ghuk;;kh. vd;W ,g;gbg; gf;Ftkhff;
$lr; nrhy;ypapUf;fyhk;jhd;. Mdhy; khwhf Nfl;]plNkh mJ vupr;riyf;
fpsg;gpapUf;fpwJ. rhjhuz xU tho;Tf;Fj; Njitahd rhjhuz xU ru;itty;
$l ,y;yhky; ,g;gb < vd ,uj;jy; ,opT vdg; gl;bUf;fyhk; mtUf;F.
,g;gbg;gl;;l ,e;j n[d;kq;fnsy;yhk; tho; e;jhy; jhd; vd;d? nrj;J xope;jhy;
jhd; vd;d? vd;w xU tpj ,g;gbg; gl;l vupr;rypy; $l mg;gb (cz;ikapy;
mg;gbj; jhd;) nrhy;ypapUf;ff; $Lk;.


,J vg;gbg; gl;l ,lk;?. vg;Ngu;gl;ltu;fs; $bapUf;Fk; ,lk;. ,q;F xU fhtpag;
Gul;rp tho;f;ifiaNa my;yth ehq;fs; tho;e;J fhl;bf; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. mg;gbg;
gl;l ,lj;jpy; ,g;gbg; gl;l xU kz;^fkh? fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftp ghl
Ntz;lhNkh?. Nfl;]; mYtyff; Nfl; fP g;gUk; $l xU NfhB];tudhfj;
Njitahd jFjpiag; ngw;wUf;f Ntz;lhkh? Nfl;]pd; Copauha; ,Ug;gjw;Nf xU
mbg;gilj; jFjp Ntz;Lk;. me;j mbg;gilj; jFjp vd;why; vd;d vd;gijNa
Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbahj cdf;nfy;yhk; vg;gb ,q;F Ntiy fpilj;jJ? ahu;
cd;id ,z;lu;t;A+ nra;jpUg;ghu; ?. ,j;jidf; fpl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghu;j;Jk; Gupe;J
nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy vd;why; .. cd;idg; Nghd;w Ml;fnsy;yhk; ,q;F

,Uf; fNt jFjp ,y;iy vd;W jhd; mu;j;jk;. ,g;gbg; gl;l mtUila kNdh
epiyapy; ,Ue;J ghu;j;jhy; mtuJ vupr;rypy; ,Uf; Fk; mtu; jug;G epahaj;ijAk;>
kNdhepiyiaAk; $l Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

vd;d neUf;fbNah vd;d rpf;fNyh me;jr; nrayhspdpg; ngz;Zf; F Mf
1200 Ngiu NfhB];tuu; Mf;fpatu; 1201-tJ NfhB];tuuhf vy;yhk; $l Ntz;lhk;.
xU rpW cjtp> gzneUf;fb> Nghf;fkhl;lhuh vd;d jd; gh];?;. ngz;nzz;why;
NgAk; ,uq;Fk; vd;ghu;fNs me;jg; Nga;f;F ,Uf; Fk; ,uf;fk; $lth ,y;yhky;
Ngha; tpLk; vd;w ,g;gbg;gl;l xU ghkuj; jdkhd vjpu;ghu;g;gpy; $lf;
Nfl;bUf;fyhk;. Nfl;L tpl;L gpd; Vz;lhg;gh Nfl;Nlhk; ,Jf;F xup[pdy; NgNa
Njty. mg; gbNa xup[pdy; NgNa Neupy; te;J Nfl;lhYk; mjw;Nf Ng Ng fhl;Lfpw
Nga;f;nfy;yhk; ngupa gzg;Nga; jhd; ,J. Mdhy; RL%Q;rpf; fQ;rg; Nga;. vd
,g;gbf; fLg;ghfp ,Uf; ff; $Lk;. me;jf; fLg;Gf; fhyhtjpahtjw;F Kd; xU
tha;g;G tf;fidahfj; JLg;Gg; Nghl;Lj; Njb te;jpUf;ff; $Lk;> mJ me;j tha;g;G
mg;gbg; gl;l xU tha;g;G ,f;rp J~;gpuNahf tha;g;ghf Vd; mike;jpUf;ff; $lhJ
vd;gJ jhd; vdJ l;upy;ypad; lhyu; Nfs;tp.


mtupd; Neu kjpg;Gjhd; Vw;fdNtNa .......lhyu; Nehl;Lfs; rpy fPNo tpOe;jhy;
mijf; Fdpe;J vLf;ff; $l Neukpy;yhj msTf;F(mg; gbg; nghWf;fp vLf;ff;
FdpthNuahdhy; mij vLf;fr; nrytpLk; Neuj;jpd; msT fPNo rpjwpa me;j
lhyu;fspd; kjpg;ig tpl mjpfkhNk.) mg;gbg; gl;l xU nghUshjhu kjpg;gpy; Xbf;
nfhz;bUe;j mtupd; Neu Ntfk; vq;Nf?;. me;j Neu kjpg;G njupahky; mZfpa
mg;ngz;zpd; mwpahik vq;Nf vd;gjh? my;yJ njupe;NjapUe;jhYk; mZfpNa
Mf Ntz;ba #oy; neUf;fbahy; ce; jg; gl;l mtuJ #oy; neUf;fbiaf; Fw; wk;
rhl;Ltjh? vJ vg;gbNah me;j Neuk; mtu; xU cjtp NfhUk; epiy Vw;gLfpwJ.
Mdhy; mt;Tjtp Nfhuy; xU Njhy;tpapy; KbaTk; mJNt (me;j Neuj; jpy; cjtp
Nfl;lJ) fhuzkhfTk; $l mike;JtpLfpwJ. ,J xd;W NghJk; vd;gNj
,g;Nghija vdJ epiyghL thjk;.


kWGwk; ,e;jg; ngz;kdpapd; mZF KiwAk; Ma;Tf;Fupa xU tp~ak;. cjtp
NfhUjy; vd;w NghjpYk; mjw;Fk; Vw; w xU ,lk; nghUs; Vty;> rka re;ju; g;gk;
vd;w kw;w gy rpy tp~aq;fSk; cz;L. mJ cyfpd; FNgu kdpjdhfl;Lk;
my;yJ xd;Wf;Fk; cjthj fopril kdpjh;fNsahfl;Lk; vtu; xUtuplKk;
mZFtjw;fhd ,lk;> nghUs;> Vty; > Neuk; vd;w xd;Wz;L. xU Ntis me;j
nrd;]; rw;Wg; NghjhJ vDk;gbf;fhd Fzeyd; cs; s ngz;zhf me;jg; ngz;
mike;jpUe;jhNuh vd;dNth? my;yJ ,y;iyapy;iy fPo; epiy gzpahsu;fs; ahu;
cjtp Nfl;bUe;jhYk; mtuplkpUe;J te;jpUf;ff; $ba me;j Neuj;Jg; gjpy; vd;gJ
fl;lhak; me;j mJ khjpupahd xU gjpyha; jhd; ,Ue;jpUf;ff; $Lk;.
vDk;gbf;fhd Nfl;]pd; jtWjyhd mZFKiwg; gjpyh? vJ fhuzkha;
,Ue;jpUf;ff; $Lk; me;j cjtp Nfhuy; rk;gtk; Njhy;tpapy; KbaTk; ,g;gb
nghJtpy; tpthjj; Jf;fhd xU fUg; nghUshfTk; khw? vd;gjw;fhd gjpy;
mt;tsT vspjpy; $wptpl Kbfpw gjpy; ,y;iy.

nghj;jhk; nghJtpy; mJ Nfl;]pd; kdrhl;rpf;Fk; my;yJ Rw;wpapUe;j
neUf;fkhdtu;fSf;Fj; jhd; ntspr;rk; vd;W $l $wp tpl KbahJ. nghJtpy;
jdf;Fr; rkkpy;yhj kdpju;fis rk kjpg;Gld; elj;j kdpju;fs; jahuapy;iy
vd;gJ cstpaypy; xU nghJ tpjp. me;jg; nghJ tpjp xUNtis me;j Neuk;
Nfl;]plKk; nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jNjh vd;dNth?





Nfs;tp: xU kpd; tpsf;if khw;Wtjw;F ikf;Nuh rh/g;l;bd; Jizj;
jiytHfspy; vj; jid Ngu; Njitg; gLthu;fs; ?
`gjpy;: 8 Ngu;. xUtu; kpd; tpsf;if khw;Wthu;> kw;w 7 NgUk; cyfpd;
xt;nthU %iy KLf;fpYk; me;j kpd; tpsf;fpd; tpiy 2 lhyu; jhdh? my;yJ
mjpy; VjhtJ khw;wk; cz;lh vd;W Muha;thHfs;.

mg;gb thq;fp te;j xU kpd; tpsf;if khw;w ikf;Nuh rh/g;l;by; ,Ue;J
vj;jid g;nuhf;fpuhku;fs; Njitg; gLthu;fs; ? gjpy;: ahUk; Njitg; gl khl;lhu;fs;.
fk;ngdp ,g;NghJ ju mstPl;il ,Ul;Lf;F khw;wpAs;sJ.

gpy; Nfl;]; vd;w jdpkdpjd; kl;Lky; y xl;L nkhj;j epWtdNk rpf;fd
Fyr;rpfhkzpfs; jhd;> tbfl;ba fQ;r kfh gpuGf; fs; jhd; . mg;gb ,Ue; jhy; jhd;
mq;F gzpahw;wNt KbAk; vd;gijg; giw rhw;WtJ Nghypy;iy Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
me;j ,iza js N[hf;. (mg;gb ,y;iy vd;why; ahUk; mq;F jg;g KbahNj.)
,g;gb ,izag; Gfo; ngw;w rpf;fdj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhd ,tu; jhd;> jdJ
nrayhspdpg; ngz;kzpf;F > tpahghu uP jpahd jdJ
gazq;fSf;F (Muk; g fhyq;fspy;) Mz;Lf;fzf;fpy; fku;~pay; Vu; iyd;];
tpkhdq;fisNa cgNahfpj;j ,e;j ,Nj rpf;fd gpy; Nfl;]; jhd; (1997-y; jhd;
FLk;gj;jpdu; cgNahfj;jpw;fhf xU n[l; tpkhdj;ij thq;Ffpwhu;)



nfhQ;rnkd;d nfhQ;rk; kpfTk;

Here I didnt talk about the Genetic Son, But Charactrical Son,
Remember the Tamil Film M.Kumaran, Son of Mahalakshmis one notable dialog of
Prakashraj to Jayam Ravi, You are my son I accept it, but not my principle, follower,
or student for my Boxing profession)
,J xU epiy.

3). mLj;J


,J xU epiy. (jkpo; thrfu;fs; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; -fspy; ntsp te;j tpjp
jpiug;glf; fijiaf; $l xU cjhuzj;Jf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. mg;glj;jpy; fij
ehafd; Nkhfd; nry;tr; nropg;Gs;s tf;fPy; xUtupd; kfd;. jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd; gy
mg;ghtpg; ngz;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; tpisahba kd;kj tpisahl;bdhy; gy ,sk;
ngz;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;lhYk> fij ehafpahd G+u;zpkh kl;Lk; ijupakhf tof;F kd;wg;
gbNawpg; Nghuhb jdJ Foe;ijf;fhd jfg;gd; Nkhfd; jhd; vd ep&gz mj;jhl;rp
ngw;whYk; G+u;zpkh jdJ Kd;dhs; fhjyDk;> ,e;ehs; Foe;ijf;Fj; je;ijAkhd
Nkhfid njhlu;e;Jk; jdJ fztdhf mq;fPfupf;fhky; epuhfupj;J tpLtjhy;> Nkhfd; NtW
xU ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;LtpLthu;. vd;w NghjpYk; (fijg;gb) me;j
mjpfhug;G+u;t ,uz;lhtJ kidtpf;Ff; FOe;ij ghf;fpaj;jpw;F topapyyhky; Ngha;tpLk;.

kyl;Lj; jd;ik ahUf;F vd;w Muha;r;rpf;Fs; $l ehk; Nghfj; Njitapy;iy.
me;j mjpfhug;G+u;t kidtpf;fha; ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ NkhfDf;Nf $l jpUkzj;jpw;Fg;
gpd; me;jj; jFjpia (vNjDk; tpgj;J fhuzkhfNth my;yJ tpijg;igapYs;s
tpe;jZf;Foha;fspy; VNjDk; fhuzq;fshy; Vw;gLk; milg;G fhuzkhfNth) NkhfNd $l
,oe;jpUf;fyhk;. ,g;NghJ mtuJ fle;j fhy tuyhWk; njupa Neu;e;j me;j mjpfhug; G+u;t
kidtpapd; epiypapypUe;J ghu;j;jhy;....? vd;d jhd; mf; Foe;ij jdJ fztDf;Nf
gpwe;jpUe;jhYk; mjpfhug;G+u;t kidtpiag; nghWj;jtiu mJTk; xU tifapy; [hu
Gj;jpuNd. xUNtis kfg;NgWf;fhd clypay; FiwghL mtuplkpUe; J> mJ kUj;Jt
rpfpr;irfspdhYk; eptu;j;jpf;f top tif VJk; ;,y;yhj epiyapy;> xd;W mtu; Kof;f
Kof;f NtW xUtupd; Foe;ijia jj;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ jdJ rf;fsj;jpapd;
Foe;ijiaj; jhd;> mjhtJ me;j [hu Gj;jpuf; Foe;ijiaj; jhd; jdJ Foe;ijahfg;
ghtpf;f Ntz;ba Ju;ghf;fpa #oy; vOfpwJ. ,J ek;%u; jpiug;gl cjhuzk;.

mNj Nkw;fj;jpa mnkupf;fhtpypUe;Nj mJTk; Nfl;]pd; rk fhyj;jpNyNa> mJTk;
mtu; rhu;e;j me;j fzpdpj; njhopy; JiwapypUe;Nj ,jw; F kw;Wk; xU ey;Yjhuzk;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why; ek; vy;NyhUf;Fk; njupe;j Mg;gpspd; ];Bt; N[hg;];-If;
Fwpg;gplyhk;. ];Btpd; Muk;g fhyj; Njhop fpwp]hDf;Fk; ];BTf;Fk; yptpq; Lnfju;
iy/gpy; gpwe;j yprh g;nuhdhidf; $lf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ];Bt; mtUf;F kidtp ];jhdk;
mspf;f kWj;jhYk;> mtUf;Fg; gpwe;j me;jf; Foe;ij mtUilaJ jhNd.
ve;j kNdh ghtj;jpy; mg;gbf; $wpdhH
N[hf;1. xU fk;g;A+l;lu; fk;ngdpapd; jiyik mjpfhup nrj;jTld;
nrhu;f;fj;Jf; Fg; Nghdhu; mq;Nf etPdkhd ngupa khspif xd;iw fz;lhu;. mjd;
thapypy; gp.[p vd;w vOj;Jf; fSk; ikf;Nuh rhg;l;bd; NyhNfhTk; nghwpf;fg;
gl;bUe;jJ. gpy;Nfl;]; nrj;Jg; Ngha;tpl;ljhfTk; mtu; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;f tpy;iy.
mjdhy; Vd; ,g;gb vd;W Mr;rupag;gl;L> N` mJ vd;d gpy; Nfl;]; tPlh? vd;W
mUfpypUe;j xUtuplk; Nfl;fpwhu;. mjw;F mtu; $Wfpwhu;. X mJth ,y; iy.
flTspd; tPL. Mdhy; rpy Neuq;fspy; jhd; jhd; gpy; Nfl;]; vd;W mtu;
epidj;Jf; nfhz;L tpLfpwhu;.


N[hf; 2. ePq;fs;> bNkhjp nkf;Nt> gpy;Nfl;]; khjpup MrhkpfSld; xU
yp/g;l;by; rpf;fpf; nfhs;fpwPu;fs; cq;fSila Jg;ghf;fpapy; ,uz;Nl ,uz;L
uitfs; jhd; cs; sd. vd;d nra;tPu;fs;? gpy; Nfl;i] ,uz;L Kiw Rl;L
cWjp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

xU cau;T etpw;rpaha;(f;fha;) nrhy;yg;gl;l N[hf; vd;whYk;> (n[yrp)
nghwhik vd;w kdpj czu;r;rpapd; xU cr;r tbtj;ijg; ghuf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;j 2 N[hf;FfNs NghJk;. nghJthf murpay;thjpfis ikakha;
nfhz;L Clfq;fspy; N[hf; tUk;> lhf;lu;> NghyP]; > ePjpgjp > goq;fhy uh[h>
ke;jpup> Nrtfd;> Gytu;fs; > ebiffs; Mfpa ,tu;fisg; gw;wpr; N[hf; tUk;
mNefk; Ngu; ek;kpYk; urpj;Jg; gbj;jpUg;Nghk;; . ,J jhd; tof;fk;. my;yJ me; je;j
]P]dpy; vOk; VNjh xU ,~;A+it ikakhff; nfhz;L $l VJk; xU N[hf;
vOk;. ehKk; gbj;J kfpo;e;jpUg;Nghk;. Mdhy; xU NfhB];tuiu> NfhB];tu
epWtdj;ij> mjd; tuk;G fle;j nry;tr; nrOikf;fhf kl;LNk nghwhikf; fz;
nfhz;L Nehf;Fk; Nghf;F> mij ikakhff; nfhz;L vOe;j> cyF jOtpa
Gfiog; ngw;w Kjy; N[hf;Ffs; vd;gJ mNefkhf ,tiug;gw;wpajhf> my;yJ
,tuJ epWtdj;ijg; gw;wpajhfj; jhd; ,Uf; Fk; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;.

gOj;j kuk; jhd; fy;yb thq;Fk; vd;ghu;fs; . me;j tifapy; ,e;jsT
gOj;j kunkhd;W ,e;jf; fpufj;jpNyNa ngupa gOj;j kunkhd;W> flTSk;
nghwhikg; glj; jf;f nry;t tsk; nfhz;l xU kuk; ve;jf; fy;ybf;Fk;>
fz;nzwpf;Fk; fhag;glhky; vg;gb ,t;tsT fhyk; jg;gpg; gpioj; jpUf;f KbAk;?
Kbe;jJ? vq;fs; Cupy; gonkhop xd;W nrhy;thu;fs;; fy;ybf;Fj; jg; gpdhYk;
kdpjd; fz;nzwpf;Fj; jg;g KbahJ vd. ,e;jg; gonkhopf;Fg; ngupa ngupa
Njrq;fNs> rhk;uh[;aq;fNs jg;ghky; mbgl;Lg; Nghd NghJ Mdhdg;gl;l ikf;Nuh
rh/g;l; kl;Lk; mg;gb vd;d xU tpjptpyf;F vd;w Mr;rupaKk; vohky; ,y;iy.
,ijf; Nfl;]{Nk $l czu;e;Jk;> MNkhjpj;Jk; fUj;Jf; $wpa epfo;TfSk;
cz;L. vy; yh epWtdq;fSk; xU ehs; tpoj;jhd; nra;Ak;. mjw; F ikf;Nuh
rhg;l;Lk; tpjptpyf;fy;y vd;W mtNu MNkhjpj; j epfo;TfSk; cz;L.

Mdhy; xd;W epr;rak;. fhuy; khu;f;]{k; vq;nfy;]{k; rupahd Neuj;jpy;
rupahd ,lj;jpy; gpwe;j Jujp~;lrhypfs; vd;why; Nfl;]{k; g/g;ngl;Lk; mtu;fNs
xj;Jf; nfhz;lJ Nghy rupahd Neuj;jpy; rupahd ,lj;jpy; gpwe;j
mjp~;lf;fhuh;fs; vd;gJ kl;Lk; epr;rak;. nghJthf rupj;jpuk; vd;gJ xNu epfo;T
jpUk;gj; jpUk; g epfo;tJ vd;Wk; $l xU $w;W cz;L. mjpy; xU rpd;dj;
jpUj;jk; . xNu epfo;Nt vd;w NghjpYk; $l xNu kdpju;fSf;fy; y. xNu khjpupf;
fhyf; fl;lq;fspy;y. rJuq;fj;jpd; jpwg;Gfs; rpytw;Wf;F mNj ngau; jhd; .
vj;jid kdpju;fs; vj;jid ,lq;fspy;> vj;njid vj;jid kdpju;fNshL
ve;nje;j fhyq;fspy; tpisahz;lhYk; (tpjpKiwfs; khwhjpUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;)
tpisTfs; khWtNjapy;iy. xU Fwpg;gpl;l jpwg;Gf;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l cyfg; Gfo;
tPuh; vt;thW kWtpidahw;Wfpwhu; vd;gNj. fpl;lj;jl;l rupj;jpuk; vd;gJTk; ,JNt.
rhkhd;adpypUe;J> rhjid kdpjd; tiu xU Fwpg;gpl;l #oYf;F> xU Fwpg;gpl;l
czu;r;rpf;F vt;thW vjpu; tpidahw;Wfpwhu; vd;gNj.

nra;af; $lhjit. nra;aj; jtwf; $lhjit> (dos and do not ) ntw;wp Njhy;tp
vd;gJ ,jpy; jhNd cs; sJ. fhynkDk; ku;kg; ngl;lfk; kdpj rupj;jpuj;jpd;
ghijapy; jhd; vj;Jid vj;Jid Gjpu; kpFe;jjha; cs; sJ? jtwhd Neuj;jpy;>
jtwhd ,lj;jpy; gpwe; j Jujp~;lrhypfs;> rupahd Neuj;jpy; rupahd ,lj;jpy;
gpwe;j mjp~;lrhypfs;> kw;Wk; Jujp~;lrhypfs;> jtwhd Neuj;jpy;> jtwhd

,lj;jpy;; gpwe;jhYk; $l rupahd mjp~;lrhypfsha; ; jq;fis khw;wpf;
nfhz;ltu;fs; . kdpj tuyhW vd;gJTk; ,j;jifNahu;fshy; epiwe;jJ jhNd?

thud; g/ngl;bd; jhd kHkk;.

mLj;jjhf thud; g/ngl;bd; jhd tp~aj;jpw;F tUNthk;.

2006-k; tUlk;. mnkupf;fj; njhiyf;fhl; rpfspy; xspgug;ghd me;jr; nra;jpiaf;
Nfl;l mj;jid NgUk; Mr;rupag; gl;Lg; Nghdhu; fs;. gq;Fr; re;ijapd; rf;utu;j;jp vdg;gLk;
thud; g/ngl; jdJ tho;ehs; Kof;ff; f~;lg;gl;Lr; rk;ghjpj;j 37 gpy;ypad; lhyu;
gzj;ij cyf kf;fspd; ey;tho;Tf;fhf ed;nfhilahf mspf;fpwhu;. me;j mwptpg;igr;
nra;j me;j rkaj;jpy; 2006-y; mjd; kjpg;G 37 gpy;ypad; lhyu;. Mdhy; mLj;j xU
tUlj;jpNyNa 2007-y; mjd; kjpg;ig 52 gpy;ypad; lhyu; MfTk; cau;j;jpf; fhl; Lfpwhu;.
mnkupf;f tuyhw;wpNyNa mJ khngUk; ed;nfhilj; njhif. mjpy; rpy
epge;jidfisAk; tpjpf;fpwhu;. (gpd;Nd ,t;tsT ngupa njhifia ed;nfhilahfj;
jUgtu; mg;gbNa njUtpy; thup tprpwpabj;jijg; Nghyth ju KbAk;?)

mjhtJ gpy; Nfl;]; my;yJ mtuJ kidtp nkypz;lh Nfl;]; Mfpa
,Utupy; ahuhtJ xUtu; njhlu;e;J me;j mikg;gpy; ePbj;jhy; kl;LNk ,e;j
ed;nfhil nry;Y gbahFk;. ed;nfhilahf mspj;j gzk; mj;jidAk; xNu
ehspy; xl;L nkhj;jkhff; fpilj;J tplhJ. tUlk; 5 rjtPjk; vd;w uP jpapy;
nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ thud; Nghl;l ,d;ndhU fz;b~d;. gpy;
Nfl;]{k; jd;Dila mwf;fl;lisapd; %yk; va;l]; tpopg;Gzu;Tg; gpurhuk;> fy;tp>
tptrhak;> ikf;Nuhf;nubl; vdg; gytw;Wf; Fk; gy Mapuk; Nfhb &gha;fs;
ed;nfilahff; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhu;. nfhLj;J tUfpwhu;. ,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lky; yhky;
gy Mg;gpupf;fj; Njrq;fspYk; r%f Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhf Nfl;]; mwf;fl;lisapd; gzk;
nrytopf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ vd;whYk; $l gpy; Nfl;]{f;F ,jpy; xU gprpd];
Mjhak; cz;L vd;w tpku;rdKk; $lNt cz;L.

Mdhy;
kidtp> kf;fs;>
gpupf;f Kbahjgbf;F
mJ cz;ikapy; xU nghUshjhuf; $l;lzp kl;LNk jhdh?
my;yJ mjw;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;l xU $l;lzpah? ,j;jidf;Fk; Nfl;]; xd;Wk; mtUf;F xU
njhopy; (Kiwf;) $l;lhsp $l my;y. ghy;a fhy rpNefpjKk; ,y;iy. taJ
tpj;jpahrj;jpYk; $lf; fpl;lj;jl;l xU jiyKiw ,ilntspNa cs;sJ. MdhYk; jdJ
nrhj;Jf;fspd; ngUk;ghd;ikia (mNefkhf KOtijAk; vd;Nw nrhy;yyhk;.) nkypz;lh
Nfl;]pd; mwf;fl;lisf;Fj; jhd; mspj;Js;shH. ,JTk; vq;Nfh xU neUliy
Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy? yh[pf; ,bf;ftpy;iy.

Nfl;N] Vw;fdNtNa cyfpd; ne.xd; jiyikf; NfhB];tuh;. me;jj; jiyikf;
NfhB];tuhpd; mwf;fl;lisNahL nfhz;L Ngha; 2-tJ> 3-tJ my;yJ 4-tJ ,lj;Jf;
NfhB];tuh; jdJ nrhj;Jf;fsidj;ijAk; nfhz;L Ngha; ,izf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak;
vd;d jpBnud te;jJ? ,y;iy Nfl;]; jhd; nrhj;Jf;fspd; jutupirg; gl;baypy; jpBnud
VJk; ngUk; rupitr; re;jpj;J tpl;lhuh? ,g;gb vy;yhk; ve;j yh[pf;Fk; ,y;yhj me;j
,izg;G eltbf;iff;Fg; nghUe;jp tuf; $ba NtW ve;jj; ju;f;fg; nghUj;jkhtJ
cs;sjh....?; Njbg; ghuj;;jhy;..... fPo;tUk; thudpd; Ngl;biaAk; fhuzj;ijAk; $lr; Rl;bf;
fhl; lj; Njhd;Wk; gyUf;F.

mjhtJ> gpy;-nkypz;lh Nfl;]; mwf;fl;lisiaj; jhd; ePz;l fhykhff;
ftdpj;J tUtjhfTk;> mtu;fspd; nray;ghL jdf;Fj; jpUg;jp mspj;jjhYNkNa ,e;j

Kbitj; Njue;njLj;jjhfTk; g/ngl; $Wfpwhu;. jhdk; mspg;gij Vw;fdNtNaj;
jPu;khdpj;jpUe;jhYk; mij ek;gfkhd xUtupd; ifapy; xg;gilf;f Ntz;bapUe;jjhy;.
,jw;fhfg; gy tUlq;fs; fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;bahapw;whk;.. ek;gu;-1 gzf;fhuuha; ,Ug;gtUf;F
mLj;jtu; nry;tj;ij mgfupf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,Uf;fhjy;yth? NkNyhl;lkhf
ghu;j;jhy; ,J ed;F nghUe;jp tuf; $ba xU ju;f;fg; nghUj;jk; jhd; vd;w NghjpYk;>
,JNt Kbe;j Kbghd xU ju;f;fg; nghUj;jk; Mfp tpLkh? ,jw;Fg; nghUe;jp tuf; $ba
NtW jh;f;fg; nghUj;jq;fSk; VjhtJ cz;lh.....? vd;W ghu;j;jhy; mJ jHf;fg;
nghUj;jj;ijf; fhl; bYk; mtu;fsplk; nghUe;jpg; Nghff; $bajha; cs;s mtu;fspd;
tu;f;fg; nghUj;jNk ngupanjhU JWj;jyha; njupfpwJ. ,UtUNk mnkupf;fr; rKjhaj;jpd;
(caH?) eLj;jutu;ff;fg; gpujpepjpfs;. Nky; jl;by; cjpj;j NfhB];tuf; Nfhkhd;fNsh
rPkhd;fsy;y.

xU itjPf ,e;jpadpd; ghu;itapy; thud; g/ngl;Lk;> Nfl;]{k;> (Vd; Mg;gpspd;
];Bt; ghy;kUk;> $FSk;> /Ng]; Gf;Fk; $lj; jhd;) kfhghujj;jpd; etPd ,jpfhrf;
fjhghj;jpuq;fisg; NghyNt fz;Zf;Fj; njuptu;. thuidg; nghWj;jtiu mtNu ,e;j
etPd kpby; f;sh]; gQ;r ghz;ltu;fspd; ju;kGj;jpuuhfTk; njupfpwhh;. fpU~;ziug;
NghyTk; njupfpwhu;. Nfl;i]g; nghWj;j tiu mtu;> G+Nyhff; FNguHfshfpa mnkupf;f
Kjyhspj;Jt rf;fu tpa+fj;jpw;Fs; GFe;j etPd mgpkd;A+itg; NghyNt (me;j ehl;bd;
nrhe;j Fbkfd;fspy; xUtuhfNt ,Ue;j NghjpYk;) fhl; rpaspf;fpwhu;;. ,jpfhr ,e;jpa
mgpkd;A+itg; Nghy eP Kjyhspj;t gj;k tpA+fj;ij cilj;J CLUtpdhy; kl;Lk;
NghjhJ. Capu;g;NghL ntw;wp thif #b ntspNaAk; tu Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F vd;dhy;
,ad;wij nra;a ,Njh ,q;Nf ehndhUtd; ,Uf;fpNwd;! Kjyhspj;Jt mur
Fkhuu;fNshL (mu;[{zd;fNdhL) Nghl; bapl mur Fkhuu;fs; kl;LNk jFjp gilj;jtHfs;
vd;w me;j];J Ngjj;ijf; fl;b vOg;Gthu;fNsNahdhy;> mq;f Njrj;jpw;F murdhf;fp
mij gq;fg;gLj;jpa JupNahjdidg; Nghy; cdf;F jf;f rkaj;jpy; ehDs;Nsd; Nfl;];.
vd;dhFNkh? VjhFNkh? vdj; jl;Lj; jLkhwpj; jtpf;f Ntz;baJ ,y;iy eP>

cyfpd; jiyikf; NfhB];tug; gl;lj;jpw;F NjitahdJ FNgu Fyg;
ngUikay;y. jFjp xd;Nw. me;jj; jFjp cdf;F cs;sJ. mijf; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;f
tpUk;gpdhy;> my;yJ mijg; gq;fg;gLj;j vz;zpdhy;> jiyikf; NfhB];tudhfNt
cUntLj;jhYk; jdpnahU xw;iwf; NfhB];tud; jhNd vdf; Fiwj;J kjpg;gp;l;lhy;>
fyq;fp epd;W tplhNj. Jtz;L Nrhu;e;J tplhNj. tu;f;fj; Njhoik nfhLf;f ehDKz;L
kPjKs;s jk;gpkhu;fSKz;L. rf;fu tpa+fk; rhg;gpl;L Kbe;j gpd; ; te;j mH[{zf;
fhz;Bgky;y vdJ fiz. fhyj;Nj te;J fUj;Jldku;e;j ftr kiyad;Nwh ehDf;F>
vdr; nrhy;yhky; nrhy;tijg; Nghy; ,y;iy ,J?

[ah> xU epkplk; Nahrpj;Jg; ghUq; fs; GupAk;. Nfl;]hy;> mtuJ ikf;Nuh rhg;lhy;
NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fk;ngdpfs; xd;wy;y ,uz;ly;y mnkupf;fhtpy;;.
( I.gp.vk;> Nghd;w ngupa fk;ngdpfs; cl;gl> jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; ,tuhYk;> ,tuJ
Jiwapy; vOe;j vOr;rpahYk; gpd;dzpf;Fj; js;sg;gl;l kw;w vj;jidNah njhopw;
gpupTfisAk; mjd; njhopy; mjpgHfisAk;> guk;giu guk;giuaha; guk;giuf;
NfhB];tuu;fsha; NfhNyr;rpatu;fisAk; $l ehk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sj; jtwf;
$lhJ..) mtu;fNshL xg;gpLk; NghJ ,e;j Itu; mzpiaj; jtpu;j;J> kw;wtu;fs; jPBu;
gzf;fhuu; fsy;y. xNu ehspy; New;W nga;j rpypf; fd; kioapy; ,d;W Kisj;j gpy;ypad;
lhyu; l;upy; ypad; lhyu; fhshd;fsy;y.

mtu;fspy; kw;wtu;fs; vy;NyhUk; (vy;NyhUk; vd;W nrhy;yp tpl Kbahj NghJk;
ngUk;ghNyhu;> my;yJ Fiwe;j gl;rk; mjpy; rpyUf;fhtJ) ,e;j ];jhdj;ij miltjw;F
mtHfs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l fhyj;ij xg;gpLk; NghJ> kiof; fhshd; tsh;r;rpaha;
,tu;fspd; mRu tsu;r;rp Ntfk; mtu;fisAk; mr;RWj;jpapUf;Fk;. mNj NghJ> ]Prd;
Kbe;jJk; epd;W Nghf ,J gUt kioAk; my;y. kio Kbe;jJk; kiwe;J kf;fpg; Nghf
,th;fs; xd;Wk; kiof; fhshd;fSky;y. tPrp mbj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJ ntWk; rpypf;fd;
kio kl;Ly;y ,J xU Afk;> rpypf;fd; Afk;> rfhg;jk;;. ,g; GJ Af rfhg;jj;jpd; Gj;jpsk;
gpuk;khf;fs; ,tu;fNs ,tu;fisg; Nghd;Nwhu;fNs vd;gijg; Nghy; kpul;bapUf;fyhk; ,k;
Kk;%u;j;jpu;fspd; mDjpd tsu;r;rp. Gupe;jtu; Gfo;e;jdu; GupahNjhu; top kwpj;jpUf;fyhk;.


ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; mty mOFuy;fSk;> mjpUg;jp Fuy;fSk; mnkupf;f ePjp
kd;wj;jpYk; vLglhj xU epiyapy;> vq;fspd; mty mOFuy; ePjp kd;wj;jpw;Fj; jhd;
Gupatpy;iy vd;why; V mnkupf;f murhq;fNk cdf;Ff; $lth Gupatpy;iy? vd;w
,tHfspd; yhgp xU fl;lj;jpy; NeubahfNt murhq;fj;jpd; (fpspz;ldp;d;) ghHitf;Fk;
nry;fpwJ. mJ Nghd;w xU rkaj;jpy; ,J Nghd;w xU rjp (ehd; Fwpg;gpLk; ,e;j ,f;]pj;
J~;gpuNahfk; Nghd;w xU rjp; ) kl;Lk; xUNtis epfo;e;jpUe;jhy;?

rl;lj;jhy; rl;lg;gbj; jz;bf;f Kbahj xUtiu> murjpfhuj;jpd; mjpfhug;G+u;t
rl;lj;jpw;fd;wp jhHkPf mwnewpfSf;Fg; gzpahj xUtiu mtupd; mNj topapy;> ghzpapy;
nrd;W jz;bg;gJ. Ks;is Ks;shy; vLg;gJ Nghy. kw;wth;fs; tp~aj;jpy; vg;gbNah
njupahJ. I.gp.vk; tp~aj;jpYk;> v];.rp.gp. fk;ngdp tp~aj;jpYk; nel; ]; Nfg; tp~aj;jpYk;
Nfl;]pd; mg;gl;lkhd mwnewp kPwy;fs; NkNyhl; lkhd xU ghHitapNyNa rw;W
mg;gl;lkhfNt> gl;ltu;j;jd mk;kzkhfNt njupfpwJ. ,jw;F rl;l ty;Ydu;fspd;
Ez;khd; EioEl;g ghHitnay;yhk; NjitNaapy;iy. xU ghkug; ghHitapNyNa
Gyg;gl;Ltplf; $baj; jfpLj;jjq;fs; jhd; mit. Nkw;Fwpg;gp;l;l me;jf; fk;ngdpfSldhd
xg;ge;jk>; njhopw; Nghl; b mZF Kiw rl;lg;gb rup vd;w NghJk; jhHkPf menewpfspd;
gb ghHj;jhy; mJ xU Nkhrb xg;ge;jNk> Nkhrb mZFKiwNa. xUtupd;
mwpahikiaAk;> ,d;ndhUj;jupd; Nguhj;jpuj;ijAk;> (gr;irahf nfhr;irahfr; nrhy;y
Ntz;Lnkd;why; Ngutpl;lk; vd;W jhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.) ,d;ndhUtupd; gpQ;R
tsu;epiyiaAk; xU fpy;yhb eupj;je;jpu Mrhkp yhtfkhf> ier;rpakhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;l fij jhd;.)

ngupa ngupa fzpdpfspNyNa fhyj;ijr; nrYj;jpf; nfhz;L jdpahs; fzpdpfspy;
ftdj;ijr; nrYj;j kwe;J tp;lNlhNk!. ,g;NghJ ghHj;jhy; ,e;jj; jdpahs; fzpdpr;
re;ijNa ,t;tsT gpukhz;lkha; tsHe;J epw;fpwNj. vq;Nf ,e;j re;ijiaj; jtw
tpl;LtpLNthNkh vd;w mtru Mj;jpug; gij gijg;gpy; jhNd I.gp.vk; Vkhe;jJ. gHrdy;
fk;g;A+l;lu; gf;fk; mg;NghJ vOe;j miyia> me;j re;ijia Kw;w KOjhff; ifg;gw;w
Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf> vj;ijj; jpd;why; gpj;jk; njspAk; vd;w epiyapy; jhNd Nfl;]plk;;
nrd;wJ? nrd;wJ tiu rup jhd;. nrd;W ntd;W te;jjh? vd;W ghHj;jhy; mq;F jhd;
jpUg;gNk. (l;tp];l;Nl)

tpiue;Jf; ifg;gw;w Ntz;ba re;ij vd;w> jdf;fpUe;j Mj;jpu mtruj;jhy;
xg;ge;j ~uj;Jf;fisf; $lr; rupahfg; gbj;Jg; ghHj;jpuhky; my;yJ gbj;Jg; ghHj;j
NghJk; mjd; mHj;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> Mok; GupahkNyNa> njiy Nehf;F ,y;yhkNyNa
Nfl;]pd; #o;r;rp tiy xg;ge;jj;Jf;Fg; gypahfp tpl;lJ. ,ijj; jhd; Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;Fg;
Gj;jp kl;L> gjwhj fhupak; rpjwhJ vd;nwy;yhk; nrhy;tu; vq;fSupy;. I.gp.vk;-d; epiy
(jdJ) nrhe;jf; fhrpNyNa (jdf;Fj; jhNd) #dpak; itj;Jf; nfhz;l fij jhd;.

I.gp.vk;-d; nrytpy; X.v]; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;L (mijAk; ,tu; vq;Nf jahupj;jhH?
mijj; jhd; v];.rp.gp fk;ngdp fpl;lj;jl;l cupj;j thiog; gok; Nghy; toq;fp> Cl; b
tplj; Njhjhf fpk; Ngl;lHridAk; thup toq;fp tpl;lNj. Mf) mJ v];.rp.gp. kw;Wk;
I.gp.vk; ,uz;L NgUf;FNk xU nkfh ir]; my;th nfhLj;j Nfl;]pd; rhkhHj;jpak;
xd;Wk; rupj;jpuk; ,Jtiu fhzNt fhzhj GJikay;y. gioa <rhg;> gQ;r
je;jpuf;fijfspy; nrhy;yg; gl;l mNj Mik> ahidf; fij jhd;. kiyAr;rpapypUe;j
Mik xd;W kiy mbthuj;jpypUe;j ,uz;L vjpUk; GjpUkhd ahidfis Vkhw;wpa mNj
gioa gQ;r je;jpu> <rhg; fij jhd;. ,uz;L cyfr; rJuq; f tPuh;fis mtHfSf;Nf
njupahky; mth;fis Nkhj itj;J ntd;w rhkhd;ad; xUtdpd; mNj gioa fij jhd;.
gioa fs; Gjpa nkhe;ijapy; vd;ghHfNs mJ Nghyj; jhd;. fhyKk; ,lKk; kl;LNk
NtWgLfpwJ. Mdhy; rupj;jpuj;jpd; rk;gtq;fs;> xNu rk;gtk; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g elg;gJ
ntt;NtW ,lq; fspy;> ntt;NtW fhyq;fspy;> ntt;NtW nkhop> ,d> kf;fSf;F elg; gJ>
vd;w mjd; ,yf;fz tiuaiw kl;Lk; khWtNjapy;iy.



ika tp~aj;jpw;F kPz;Lk; tUNthk; khkpahH cilj;jhy; kz; rl;b
kUkfs; cilj;jhy; nghd; rl;b vd xU gonkhop $WtH vq;fSupy;. mnjg;gb
gpy; Nfl;]; kl;Lk; jdJ Kjy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; (kpl;]; fk;ngdpapd; uhgHl;Lldhd
xg;ge;jk;) Njhy;tpAw;wJk; tof;F kd;wj;jpw;F nry;thuhk; . tof;F kd;wKk;
,tUf;F cupa ePjpia toq;fp ePjpj; Jiwapd; nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpaj;ijf;
fhg;ghw;wp tpLkhk;. me;j mNj ePjpj; Jiwapd; flik> fz;zpak;> fl;Lg;ghL> mjd;
Ra nfsutk; kPz;Lk; gpd;dhspy; ,Nj v];.rp.gp fk;ngdp tp~aj;jpy; kl;Lk;
,Ujug;Gf;FNk trjpaha; (ePjpj; Jiwf;Fk; rup> gpy; Nfl;]{f;Fk; rup
,Ujug;Gf;FNk trjpaha;) jq;fsJ jhHkPf mwnewpf; fz;fis ,Wf *bf;
nfhs;thHfshk;.

jdp kdpj cupikapd; rh];jpupaf; fsk; vd;W Nghw;wg; gLfp d;w G+[pf;fg;
gLfpd;w me;j mnkupf;f G+kp ,ij kl;Lk; Vd; vjw;F vg;gbf; ftdpf;f kwe;jJ?
tuyhw;wpd; ,e;j Vsd ieahz;bia> (,y;iyapy;iy Kjyhspj;Jt ieahz;bia)
,dp xU Kiw NjLtjha; ,Ue;jhy; Ntw;W Afj;jpy; my;yJ Ntw;Wf;
fpufj;jpy;jhd; Njl Ntz;Lk;.

tsHe;J tUk; ,isQd;> mJTk; tof;fwpQh; xUtupd; kfd; . Njhw;wj;jpy;
rpd;dg; igadhff; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; jd;id vq;Nf Vkhw;wp tpLthNuh ,e;j kpl;];
Kjyhsp vdj; jdJ je;ijAk; tof;fwpQUkhd tf;fPy; je;ij cjtpAld; tzpf
xg;ge;jk; xd;iwg; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;whH. Mdhy; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;l me;j
xg;ge;jNk gpd;dhspy; mtuJ tsHr;rpf;Fj; jilaha;> ,y;iyapy;iy fOj;Jf;F
RUf;Ff; fapwhfNt khWfpwJ. Mdhy; mnkupf;f ePjp kd;wk;> fwhuha; rl;l
(~uj;J) tpjpfspd; gb jhd; ele;J nfhs;s KbAk;. tof;fwpQH xUtupd; kfd;
vd;gjw;fhfnty;yhk; xU jiyg; gl;rkhf xg;ge;j tpjpfSf;F khwhfnty;yhk;
jPHg;gspf;f ,ayhJ vdf; FWfpa twl;L rl;l tuk;ngy;iyfSf;Fs; kl;LNk
jdJ ghHitiar; RUf;fpf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

mg;gbr; RUf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; ,e;Neuk; cyfpy; ikf;Nuh rhg;l; vd;w
,e;j gfhRug; gd;dhl;L epWtdk; (Kjyhspj;Jt mnkupf;f kzpkFlj;jpy; xU
ituf;fy;iyg; Nghy n[hypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;jg; gfhRug; gd;dhl;L
epWtdk;) Njhd;wpNa ,Uf; f KbahJ. NtupNyNa nte;J fUfpapUf;Fk;. vq;Nfh
VNjh ,aw;ifapNyNa MrpHtjpf;fg; gl;lijg; Nghyj;jhd; gy epfo;Tfs; Nfl;]pd;
tho;f;ifapYk; ele;Js; sd vd;w NghjpYk; mJTk; ,J Nghd;w rpy
neUly;fSf;Fl;gl;Lj; jhd;.

v];.rp.gp fk;ngdp tp~aj;jpy; kl;Lk; > jtWjyhd xg;ge;j ~uj;ijg;
Nghl;Lf; nfhz;l cq;fspd; kPJ jhd; jtW. ikf;Nuh rhg;l; kPJ my;y ,Ue;j
NghjpYk; ePjpj; Jiwf;Fk; VNjh kdpjhgpkhdk; cz;L. twl;Lj;jdkha; rl;l
tpjpfis kl;LNk ,Wfg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,Uk;Gg; ghHit fpilahJ.
vd;gJ Nghd;w xU fz; Jilg;G ePjpia toq;fpa mNj Kjyhspj;Jt mnkupf;f
ePjpj; Jiw mNj fz; Jilg;G ePjpia Nfl;]{f;F> ikf;Nuh rhg;l;Lf;F mjd;
Muk;g fhyq;fspy; (kpl;]; fk;ngdpapd; uhgHl; jug;Gf;F vjpuhd tof;fpy; ) toq;fp
,Ue;jhy;? ikf;Nuh rhg;l;Lf;F jhd; kdrhl;rp ,y;iy vd;why;> ePjp kd;wj;jpy;
fpilj;j jPu;g;G mJ mij tplf; nfhLik. epthuzk; vd;w ngaupy; VNjh
kPl;lUf;F Nky; rpwpJ Nghl;Lf; nfhLj;J nrl;by; gd;Dk; xU Ml;Nlhf; fl;lz
nrl;by;nkd;l; Nghy; nrl;by; nra;Js;sJ.

ehl;by;(,q;F ,e;jpahtpy;) Coy; ngUr;rhspfs; ,yl;rk; Nfhb Coy;fspy;
jpisj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ gpr;rhj;J 1500 Nfhb &gha; NjHjy; rPHjpUj;j

eltbf;iff;F) mLj;j Nju;jy; tiu gbg;gbahf mky; (jhkjkg;?) gLj;jj; jPHg;G
toq;Fk; ,e;jpa ePjpj; Jiwapd;; fz;zpaj;ij tpl ,J mt;tsT Nftykhf
,y;iy vd;w NghjpYk;> ,uz;L tHf;fq;fSf;F ,ilNa cs; s tpNuhjj;ij xU
[dehaff; FbauR jPu;j;J itg;gjpy;iy> khwhf rz;ilapl;L tsh;j;Jf;; nfhs;s
xU fsk; jhd; mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwJ vd;w vq;nfy;rpd; jPHf;f juprdj;ijj;
jhd; vdf;F ,q;F epidT gLj;JfpwJ.

Mf xU (caH) eLj;ju tHf;fj;J ,isQd; xUtd; ,t;tsT
cauj;jpw;F> cyfj;jpNyNa ngupa NfhB];tud; vd;w tp];t&g cUntLf;ff;
fhj;jpUf;fpwhH vd;nwy;yhk; fdtpYk; epidj;jpUf;fhJ mnkupf;f Kjyhspj;Jt
th;f;fk;. cyfpd; FNgu Kjyhspfs; vy;yhk; ngUk;ghYk; mnkupf;fhtpNyNa
Ftpe;jpUf;f> Mf mg;gbg; gl;l FNgu KjyhspfNshL Nghl;bapLtJ vd;gJ>
(nfhy;yd; tPjpapy; Crp tpw;f fpsk;gpa gioa gonkhopiaj; jhd;
epidT+l;LfpwJ.) mjhtJ mnkupf;fhtpNyNa ngupa NfhB];tutdhf cUNtLg;gJ
vd;gJ ntWk; mnkupf;ff; NfhB];tug; gl;lj;jpw;Fg; Nghl;bapLtJ vd;w xw;iw
,yf;if kl;LNk nfhz;lJ my;y. rhuhk;rj;jpy; cyfpd; jiyikf; NfhB];tug;
gl;lj;jpw;Fk; NrHj;Nj Nghl;bapLtjw;F xg;ghd xd;W jhd; MFk;.

vg;gbf; fhydpj;Jtg; Nghl;bapy; gpupl;ld; (mnkupf;f> INuhg;gpa MLfsj;jpy;
kl;Lky;y> cyf MLfsj;jpNyNa) ,t;tsT ngupa mRu rf;jpaha; cUntLf;Fk;
vd ahUk; vjpHghHf;ftpy;iyNah mg;gb mg;gbj; jhd; Nfl;]; tp~aj;jpYk;.
mg;gb vjpHghHj;jpUe;jhy; neg;Nghypad; u~;ah kPJ gil vLj;jpUf;f khl;lhH.
fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gl Ntz;baJ u~;ah my;y> gpupl;ldpd; fly; Mjpf;fNk vd;w
cz;ikia czhe;jtuha; gpupl;lid mbikg; gLj;j Kad;wpUg;ghH. Mdhy;
ele;jNjh NtW. cz;ikia czhe;j NghJ fhyk; fle;jpUe;jJ. Njrq;fSf;Fg;
nghUe;Jfpw mNj tpjp rkaq;fspy; jdp kdpjHfSf;Fk; nghUe;jp tpLfpwJ.
Nfl;]; tp~aj;jpYk; ,Jjhd; ele; Js; sJ. Nfl;]; xU fl;Lg;glj;jg;gl Ntz;ba
egu; vd;gij ,ju Kjyhspj;Jt> guk;giu ghuk;gu;a NfhB];tuu; fs; czu;tjw;Fs;
fhyk; fle;J tp;l;lJ. mtupd; tp];t&gk; tsu;e;J tpl;lJ.

,dpNky; ,tUf;Ff; fbthsk; ,LtJ vd;why; mJ murjpfhuj;jpd; Jiz
,Ue;jhy; md;wp rhj;jpag;glf; $ba xd;wy;y vd;w epiyiaAk; vl;btpl;l
epiyapy;> Nfl;]hy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Nfl;]pd; vjpuhspfs;> mtUf;F vjpuhd
Majkha; ifapy; vLf;fj; Njhjha; NtW vd;d jhd; cs; sJ?.
mtu;fSf;fhjutha; muir tisf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; mjpgiu tisf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mjpgiu tisf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; mjw;fhjuthd mtuJ gytPdq;fisg;
gupNrhjpf;fNtz;Lk;> gl;baypl Ntz;Lk;. fpspd;ldpd; G+u;thrpuk tuyhWk;
,jw;fhjuthfNt ,irtspf;ff; $ba xd;whfNt cs; sJ. fpspd;ldpd; tho;T
re;ju;g;gtrj;jhy; VNjh Nkhdpfhtpdhy; kl;LNk fiw gbe;jjy;y. mtuJ tho;tpy;
Nkhdpfhtpd; tUiff;Fk;; Kd;dNuNa gyu; cz;L. n[dpgu; /g;stu;]; (1980)>
Nfj;ypd; tpy;yp(1998)> n[hdpjh g;uhl;upf(1978);> gTyh N[hd;];>

ele;J tplf; $ba

jahs Fzj; jhusk;






**** jw;nghONj VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; mwptpay; gpwe;j Njjpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;J tpl Kbfp;w
msTf;F Kd;Ndwpahapw;W. ,d;Dk; mq;fpUe;J [];l; xU rpW jhty; ([k;g; ) jhd;. mLj;j gb
time of fertilization vd;w fz;Lgpbg;ig Nehf;fpa mb jhd;. me;j ehSk; ntF njhiytpy;
,y;iy. tpiutpy
vl;lg;gLk; vd;Nw Njhd;WfpwJ.; ghHf;ff; fiyf;fjpHg; ngl;br; nrajpfs;-2- ,we;jtd; fz;fs; mtd;
gpwe;j Njjpiar; nrhy;fpd;wd (vd;w ];Nfdpq; Nfhg;Gfisg; ghHf;fTk;.)

fl;lha
ICSI
Secondary
Periodicals
so good Not
Bad


,f;]pj; J~;gpuNahfr;
(mode of fertilization)
mJ ,e;J> rdhjd> kD jHkk; Fwpg;gpLtijg; Nghd;w fu;k
tpjpahf ,Ue;jhYk; rup my;yJ khu;f;]pa gpjhkfu;fshd fhu;y; khhf;];> vq;nfy;];>
nydpd; Nghd;NwhH Fwpg;gpLk; rKftpay; tpjpfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,Ue;jhYk; rup
mg;gb xU r%ftpay;> fHk tpjp>
xU capu;g;G fpilg;gjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfis> mJ
Fiwe;j gl;rk; mJTk; rhj;jpag;glhJ Nghdhy;




3


Iah> Proposal
normal (matting) mode fertilization Artificial mode fertilization
NtW
Proposal
(from Big Bang to the black hole)


Vs Vs Vs Vs
Njhuhakhf Jy;ypakhff; fz;fspYk; (ghHf;f
fiyf;fjpH gf;-50> khHr;-2008 ,jopd; ,we;jtd; fz;fs; gpwe;j Njjpiar;
nrhy;fpd;wd)
(rythamic change)
(Cranium Sutuers)
mbg;gil
(Quantative changes) (Quantative changes)
tpjkhf
Constant Gene



castration
(ghHf;f-Nf];l;Nurd; gw;wpa nra;jp> Gifg;glk;)
(Adventure)
Guinness Rejected proposal
(mg;gl;lkhd mk;kz thHj;ijfspy; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; ghYzu;Tk;)
Proposal- j; ju
mbf;fb
my;yJ my;yth?
spd; typikahd vz; zpf;ifg; gyj;ij
jw;nray;

ehzak; Rz; Ljypy; cs;s G+th jiyah tpupthd myry; jdpahfg; ghHf;fTk;
(ghHf;f gf;fk;- )



(Research Institute, San Diago,
California) CONSTANS
CONSTANS
CONSTANS
A
CONSTANS



Proposal-




,Ue;J


****
(ghu;f; f khj;UG+jj;jpw;F> Ner;ru;
gj;jpupf;iff;F vOjpa fbjk;)
? gw;wpA


Sf;F jhd; te;J Mf Ntz;Lk; mtw;iwAk; ,ayhJ vdg; Gwr;
#oy; epiyikfs; neUf;Fkh?.
,e;j tp~aj;jpy; xNu xU xw;iwj; jPu;it kl;Lk; itj;Jf; nfhz;L xd;Wk;
nra;a KbahJ. XD;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l khWgl;l NtW gy jPu;TfSk; Njitg;gLk;
,J Nghd;w ,f;fl;lhd Kl;Lr; re;J epiy VJk; cs; sjh ,g;
gpur;idapy; ? vd;w ,J Nghd;w Kjypy;
khd mwptpay;
,e;j ,lj;jpy; vdf;F ,Nj gpy; Nfl;]; tho;f;ifapy; mtu; nra;j rpW
taJ jpy;yhyq;fb xd;W jhd; epidTf;F tUfpwJ.
mtuJ rpW tajpy; mtuJ gs;spf; $lj;jpy; fl;lzr; Rikahy; fzpdpg;
gapw;rpf;F topapy;yhj #oy; Vw; gLfpwJ. mij vjpu; nfhs;s jdpahu; fzpdp
ikak; xd;Wf;Fr; nry;fpwhu;. me;j ehisa Muk;gf; fzpdpfs; epiwaf;
FiwghLfisf; nfhz;bUe;jjhYk; tpiyAk; mjpfkhdjha; ,Ue;jjhYk; ahUk;
fhR nfhLj;J nrhe;jf; fzpdp thq;fg; gae;j fhyk;. MfNt mij thlif
mbg;gilapy; gad; gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. fzpdpapy; jpBnud gpur;id VJk;
Vw;gl;lhy;> thlif nrYj;jj; Njitapy;iy. ,e;jr; rpwpa Yhg; N`hiyg;
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L jq;fs; thlifg; gpur;idia xusT ePu;j;Jg; Nghfr; nra;af;
$l me;jj; jdpahu; ikaj;jpw;Fj; njupatpy;iy.
mg;NghJ gpur;idfis rup gz;zj; njupe;jpUe;jNjh ,y;iyNah
gpur;idfis cUthf;FksTf;fhtJ fzpdpg; gapw;rpiag; ngw;wpUe;jhu Nfl;];;.
,jd; %yk; nfhQ;r fhyk; ,UtUk; Mjhakile;jdu; vd;w NghjpYk; mJ mjpf
fhyk; ePbf;f tpy;iy. vdpDk; me; j nfhQ;r fhy mDgtk; $l gpy; Nfl;]pd;


fzpdpg; gazj;jpy; VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; mtUf;Fg; gads; sjhfNt ,Ue;jij
,d;W ehk; mwpNthk;. md;W Muk;gpj;j gpur; idfspd; tbtk; ,d;W tiu jPu;e;j
ghby;iy. itu];> khy;Ntu;> vd N`f;fh;fspd; njhlu;e;j rthy; ,d;W tiu
njhlu;fpwJ. Mf xU tifapy; xU mu;j;jj;jpy; ghu;j;jhy; N`f;fu; fspd; Kjy;
Qhdg;gpjhNt gpy; Nfl;]; jhd; NghYs;sJ.
,Nj eilKiwiaNa ehk; ekJ ,f;]pg; J]; gpuNahf Kaw;rpapYk; vjpu;
ghu;f; fyhk;. vg;gbAk; ,J Nghd;w J~;gpuNahf Kaw;rpfspy; nraw;if Kiwf;
fUj;jupg;G jhd; gad;gLj;jg;gl KbAk;;. mg;gb nraw;if Kiwf; fUj;jupg;G vd;w
xU tp~aj;ijf; ifapnyLj; jhy;> fU tsu;r;rpf;fhd J}z;L `hu;Nkhd;
(stimulation harmon injection) vd;w jlag; nghUsha; khwf; $ba xU nghUisAk;
gad;gLj;jpNa Mf Ntz;Lk; vDk; xU epiyia vjpu; nfhs;s Ntz;bapUg;gjhy;
,e;j J}z;L `hu;NkhNd
****
$l cjtf; $basTf;F xU jlakha; khw
tha;g;nghd;W cs; sJ. rjpj; jpl;lj;jpy; <LgLNthu; ,ijAk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf;
nfhz;L nray;gLthu;fNsahdhy;> ,ij ,d;Dk; EZf;fkhfj; jpl;lkpl
Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij czUtu;.
mg;NghJ ,ay;ghfNt
1). mj;jifa ,dq;fhl;bf; nfhLf;fj; jf;fj; jlaj;ij mopf;f Kaw;rp
nra;thu;. my;yJ Jy; ypakhf mij ,dq;fhz KbahjthW NtW tif (Ntjpg;
nghUs;fshy;) Kaw;rpfshy; mijr; rpijj;jopf;fNth my;yJ mij NtnwhU
gupkhzj;Jf; Fj; jpir jpUg;gNth Kidtu;. Neubahd> RUf;fkhd NtW vspa
thu;j;ijfspy; Fwp;gpl Ntz;Lnkd;why; rJuq;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy #oy;fspy;
uh[hit xU Fwpg;gpl;l fl;lj;jpw;F efu;j;jr; nra;tjd; %yk; vjpuhsp jdf;Fr;
rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;fp cWjpg; gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;. mjw;fhd Kjy; J}z;by;
uh[hTf;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l #oypy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf nfhLf;fg; gLk; xU
gu;g;ng]L nrf;.
me;jf; Fwpg; gpl;l gu;g;ng]L nrf;fpd;; Nehf;fk;> Vkhe;jhy; uh[hitNa Nkl;
nra;tjhf my;yJ Nkl;bq;if Nehf;fp uh[hitg; gytPdg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
,Uf; fyhk;. nkhj; jj;jpy; mJ VNjh nghOJ Nghfhj> efu;j;j Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf
efu;j;jg; gl;l xU ntw;W efu;j;jyy;y) me;j Kjy; gu; g;ng]L nrf;fpdhy;
vjpuhsp uh[hit clNd Nkl; nra; a ,ayhJ NghdhYk; jg;gpj; jtwp me;j
tpidf;F vjpu; tpidahf efu;j;jf; $lhj xU efu;j;jiyr; nra;J tpl;lhy; Ml;lk;
mjd; gpd; gu;g;ng]L nrf; itj;jtUf;F rhjfka; nrd;W tpLtijg; Nghy>
.
****
mNefkhf ,e;jj; J}z;L `hu;Nkhd; fhuzp $l kyl;Lj;jd;ik nfhz;l
Mz;fspd; tp~aj;jpy; jhd; vLgl KbAk;. vd;w NghjpYk; ,J rk;ge; jg; gl;l
Nghjpa kUj;Jt mwpT vdf;F ,y;yhjjhy; mijAk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
Ngrpahf Ntz;ba #oy; vdf;F.


vd;d nra;jhy; ,g; gpur;idia mt;tsT vspjpy; jPu;f;f Kbahj xU
gpur;idahf cUkhw;wk; nra;ayhk;? my;yJ vd;d nra;jhy; vdJ g;nuhg;Nghry;
topj; jPu;T jtpu;j;J NtW vd;d nra;jhYk; ,e;jg; gpur;idiaj; jPu;f;f KbahJ
vDk;gbf;F ,g; gpur;idia cUkhw; wyhk; vdr; rpe;jpj;J nrayhw;wpdhy;> vdJ
g;nuhg;Nghry; topj; jPu;T Nehf;fp ,g;gpur;idia xU kilkhw;wk; nra;a Kbahjh?
jpir topg; gLj;j Kbahjh vd;gJNt ,g;NghJ vdJ Nfs;tpxU thjj;jpw;fhfNt
ehd; ,g;gbf; Nfl;fpNwd;. clNd ,g;gbf; Nfl;gjhNyNa (tUq;fhyj;jpy; ,g; gb
xU rjpj; jp;l;lk; jPl;lg; gl;L mky; gLj;jg;gLNkahdhy; $l) ,r; rjpj;
jpl;lj;jpw;fhd KOr; #j;jpujhupAk; ehd; jhNdh vd vd;idr; re;Njfpf;fj;
Njitapy;iy. mjw;F ,e;jr; n[d;kj;jpy; tha;g;gpy; iy. ,dp ehd; vd;iwf;F


capu; Ntjpapay; fw;W vd;iwf;F ,jpy; ty;YduhtJ? Mdhy; Vw;fdNtNa ,j;
Jiwapy; cs; s ty;Ydu;fs; epidj;jhy; ......? mJ rhj;jpak; jhNd?
cz;ikapy; vdJ g;nuhg;Nghry; topj; jPu;T
****
vd;gJ jhd; ,Ug;gjpNyNa
jiyiar; Rw;wp %f;ifj; njhLk; jPu;thf ,Uf;ff; $Lk;. Mdhy; kw; w
topKiwfs; vy; yhk; VNjDk; xU tifapy; ,aw;ifahfNt jfu;f; fg;gLtjw;fhd>
jLj;J milf;fg; gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; njd;gl;L> mtw;wpd; topahfj;
jPu;ntd;gJ ,dpr; rhj;jpaNk ,y;iy. rhj; jpaKs;s xNu jPu;T vd;gJ vdJ
g;nuhg;Nghry; topj; jPu;nthd;Nw ghf;fp vd;gJ Nghy; mf> Gwr; #oy; epiyikfs;
neUf;FkhNadhy;.......? mg;NghJ....?! mg;NghJ mJ ,dpNkYk; fpof;fpd; rpj;jhe;jj;
jj;Jtg; gpur;idaha;> fyhr;rhu xOf;ftpay; rk;ge; jgg; gl;l gpur;idaha; kl;LNk
,Uf; fg; Nghtjpy;iy. mg;Gwk; ,J fpof;F miuf;Nfhsj;jpd; Md;kPfg; gpur;id
kl;Lky;y Nkw;F miuf;Nfhsj;jpd;> Vd; Kof; Nfhsj;jpd; nysfPf tp~aj; NjhLk;
rk;ge;jg;gl;l xd;wha; cUkhw;wk; ngw;W tpLfpwJ. ,y;iyah?

ICSI Specilist
-I
ICSI Specilist
Bio-Technology, Micro Biology, Bio-
Informatics, Veterinary Lectures, Final year students)
Veterinary Doctor. Proposal
****
(ghu;f;f gf;- kw;Wk; khj;UG+jj;jpw;F> Ner;ru; gj;jpupf;iff;F vOjpa fbjk;)
Neub ( testis-
veterinary science- Dummy cow & artificial
Vegina- artificial insemination
Almost Vwf;Fiwa
Master Bation-
Vas-Difference
!
Foha; Na
(mjhtJ XU rpW


fpopryhtJ) (fpoprYk;)
vg;gbg ghHj;jhYk;;
xNunahU egUf;Ff;
Proposal- Waste Waste
Upset
Vetrenary College
Vetrenary Science
Rare case
Electrical Ejaculation
Matting
Matting Electrical Ejaculation
vd;gJ
Net Search
Daily life- Survival-
Net-
X-ray Vedio-
me;jg; mwptpay;
X-ray Vedio -
X-ray Vedio
$lj;
!
ehd; xU tifapy; mtNu jd;idAk; mwpahky; F
kw;WnkhU LNfh


Uk;,
Vetrinary Docter
X-ray Video
Individual Issue- Individual
Nfh rw;Wk;
Issue Individual
Issue-
Issue Issue .
Individual-
proposal
!

proposal -


!
!

ICSI
Mode of Fertilization
Stimulation
jlanky;yhk; Sf;Fj;
mjpfhug;G+Htkhd
,d;ndhU tp~aj;ijAk; ,q;F ehd; fl;lhahkhff;
$wpNa Mf Ntz;Lk;.


Invitro fortilization
Invivo fertilization. Test tube Baby Mode -
Gs;s stimulation
$lg;
ICSI-
NyNa
myrp
typAWj;j
mDkjp nfhLf;f
appointment- Guinness book of Record
appointment
appointment-
jpuz;l mtHfspd; nrhj;J kjpg; igg; gq;Fr; re;ijapy; tPo;r;rpaila
itg;gjhfj;
mikA
Privacy-
tail, claimax, end-


Black Mail Black Mail
,g;NghJ Tk; xU tifapy;
Nkh vd;dNth?
mw;g mehkNja Privacy
you too Brutus
Proposal VIP
Pure
Pure
j; jplkhd mghu
ICSI-
J~;gpuNahfk;> mjw;fhd jPHT> jPHtha; mikaf; $Lk; vd vjpHghHf;ff; $ba
me;jj; jla mwptpay; gupNrhjidf;F xOf;fj;jpd; gbepiyfshk; fw;G>
gpuk;kr;rupak;> ie~; bfg; gpuk;kr;rupak; ,tw;NwhL Vw;gl fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s
njhlHGwT etc,etc.thf vy;yhk; tpupe;Js; sJ. nfhQ;rk; Nahrpj;Jg; ghH;f; fpNwd;.
,e;jf; Nfs;tpfis vy;yhk; rw;Nw gpd;Ndhf;fpa xU fhyj;jpy;
;jfa
Nfs;tpfspd;
gpd; jhd;


Proposal


6) Nlhgikd; Jwtpfs;> rpw;wpd;gthjpah? Ngupd;gthjpah?; .
vy;yhk; l;Lk;
vd;dNth
vy; yhk;
vd; jug;gpypUe;J
Proposal Sexual Orgsam
Invivo
s; vd;w xd;wp
(Electronic Circuit)


!
iftrk; cs;s ,e;j rpW ( A+fj;jpd; ghyike;j)
tpilia xU cdJ
Jujp~;ltrkhf ,tu; xU Nghyp> ^g;spNfl; vd ,tuJ rhak; ,g;NghJ ,q;NfNa
cs;ShpNyNa ntSf;fj; Jtq;fp tp;l;ljhy; Nkw; fz;l gj;jpapy; vog;gg; gl;Ls;s Nfs;tpfSf;fhd
tpilAk; vd;dthf ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;gijAk; XusT Kd; mDkhdpf;fNt KbfpwJ. vd;wNghjpYk;
mg;g ,j;jid ehSk; nkj;jg; gbj;j xU $l;lNk ,tUf;F Mjutha; fskpuq;fp ,g;gb xU nkfh
rjp Ntiyapy ,wq;fpr; nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jpUf;fpwjh? mjidj; jhd; ehKk; ek;gj;
jiyg;gl;NlhNkh vd;gijnay;yhk; vz;zpg;ghHj;jhy; mjpYk; murhq;fq;fs; ,J tp]aj;jpy;
,t;tsT nkj;jdkha; f;isNkf;]; tiu fz;Lk; fhzhjJ khjpup ,Ue;J tpl;Lf; filrp Neuq;fspy;
,Njh ehq;fSk; ,Uf;Nfhk;ky;y vd;gijg; Nghy; VNjh nray;gLtijAk; ghHf;ifapy;
tUq;fhyq;fspy; ,d;Dk; vd;nd;dd $j;Jfs; muq;Nfwf; fhj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;sNjh vd rhjhuz ghku
mr;rj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtijj; jtpu jw;Nghijf;F Ntnwhd;Wk; nra;a ,aytpy;iy.


ICSI -
J~;gpuNahfk;> mjw;fhd jPHT> jPHtha; mikaf; $Lk; vd vjpHghHf;ff; $ba
me;jj; jla mwptpay; gupNrhjidf;F xOf;fj;jpd; gbepiyfshk; fw;G>
gpuk;kr;rupak;> ie~;bfg; gpuk;kr;rupak; ,tw;NwhL Vw;gl fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;s
njhlHGwT etc,etc.thf vy;yhk; tpupe;Js; sJ. nfhQ;rk; Nahrpj;Jg; ghH;f; fpNwd;.
,e;jf; Nfs;tpfis vy;yhk; rw;Nw gpd;Ndhf;fpa fhyj;jpy;
Proposal


7) 140 tUl re;Njfj;ijj; njspT gLj;jpa jla mwptpay;
gupNrhjid Kiw.


ePz;l neLq;fhyq;fs; fopj;Jk; (ntWk;) jdJ jlaj; jd;ikia kl;Lk; ntspg;gLj;JtJ khjphp
vd;why; mjw;F ,q;F vj;jidNah nghUl;fSz;L. Mdhy; ,q;F ,e;j ,lj;jpy; mJ (me;jj;
jlaj;jd;ik) xU epge;jidNahL typAWj;jg;gLfpwJ.

capUf;Fk;> MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;Fk; CWtpistpf;fhky; mNj Neuk; ,d;dKk; (vt;tsT ePz;l
neLq;fhyk; Md gpd;dUk;) jdJ jlaj; jd;ikia ,of;fhjthW jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
gpuj;Nahfkhd jd;ikiaAk; mJ jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sjha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;l
Ntjpj; jlak; VNjDk; ,e;j ,J Nghd;w tof;Ffspy; rk;ke;jg;gl (jh;f;fg; nghUj;jg;ghL)tha;g; G
cs;sjh? vd;gNj ,q;F kpf Kf;fpa tpdh ,J tp\aj;jpd; tphpthd GhpjYf;F NkYk; ,uz;L
cjhuzk; vLj;Jf; fhl;l tpUk;GfpNwd;.
cjhuzkhf rhpj;jpug; gpurpj;jg; ngw;w neg;Nghypadpd; kuzj;jpy; vOe;j rh;r;iriaf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;. mth; kuzk; ,aw;if kuzkh> my;yJ nfhiyah? vd;w rh;r;ir vOe;j NghJ>
tp\k; nfhLj;J nra;ag;gl;l me;jf; nfhiyiag; gpuj;Nafj; jla mwptpay; ghpNrhjid Kiw
%yk; jhd; fz;Lgpbf;f Kbe;jJ mij ,q;F epidTgLj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;. neg;Nghypad; ,we;J
140Mz;Lfs; fopj;J 1961k; Mz;L ,t;tof;;F tprhuizf;F te;jJ.
mth; ve;j tp\j;jhy; nfhy;yg;gl;bUf;ff; $Lk; vd;gjw;F Njhjhf (md;iwa epiyikapy;)
Mh;rdpf; jhd; A+fg; ghh;itg;Gyj;Jf;F te;jJ. Vnddpy; nrhy;yg;gLgth; re;NjfKwhjgb Urpaw;w
tp\k; jhd; Njitg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. mJ kpfTk; tPhpaKs;sjhf ,uhky; mth; clypy; nkJthfr;
Nrh;e;J kpf nkJthff; nfhy;Yk; tp\khf ,Uj;jYk; mtrpakhapw;W. ,ijnay;yhk; G+h;j;jp
nra;tJ (md;iwa epiyapy;) Mh;rdpf;jhd;. Mdhy; ,ij ep&gpg;gJ vg;gb? Kbtpy;yhky;
mDkhdq;fs; nra;ayhk;. Mdhy; ,q;F Ntz;banjy;yhk; Nfs;tpf;fplkpy;yhj ep&gzk;jhd;.
,t;tof;F ];kpj;> ghh;\;g; Tl; vd;w ,U kUj;Jth;fshy; tof;fhlg;gl;lJ. Kjypy;
mth;fs; cyfpYs;s nghUs; fhl;rp epiyaq;fs; gytw;Wf;Fk; xU tpNehjkhd Ntz;LNfhs;
mDg;gpdhh;fs;. mq;F Nrh;j;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gytpjkhd tpNehj nghUl;Ftpay;fSf;fpilNa
me;jg; nghpa gpnuQ;Rf;fhuhpd; Kbf;nfhj;J VJk; ,Uf; fpwjh vd? vg;gbNah xU topahf
neg;Nghypadpd; kuzj;Jf;Fg; gpd; gykzp Neuk; fopj;J ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;l rpy Kbfs;
mth;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jd. mk;kUj;Jth;fSf;F kdpj clypDs; nrd;w Mh;nrdpf; kpf nkJthf
Kbapy; xd;W NrUfpd;wJ vd;W njhpAk;. Nghd ghh;l;bd; Kbapy; mth;fs; ,ijj;jhd; Njbdh;.
Mdhy; ,ijf; $Wjy; vspJ. nrhy;tij Nghy nray; mt;tsT vspjy;yNt.
gpd;dh; ,e;j tof;fpy; ];tPb]; ngsjpf mwpQh; t];n]d; vd;ghUk; Nrh;e;J nfhz;lhh;.
me;j kjpg;G kpFe;j Kbfs; ftdkhf Xh; mYkpdpa cUisapy; itj;J %lg;gl;L> xU ANudpa
tpidf;fyj;Js; rpykzp Neuq;fSf;F itf;fg;gl;L gpd; vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
gpd; KbTfis vLj;J gpuj;Nahfkhd rpy msTfs; vLf;fg;gl;l NghJ Nghdgh;l;
tp\j;jpdhy; jhd; ,we;jhh; vd;gJ ed;F njspthapw;W. mtuJ Kbapy; rhjhuzkhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;ba msit tpl 13 klq;F mjpf Mh;rdpf; ,Ue;jJ. NkYk; Mh;rdpf; kpf nkJthf> kpfr;
rpwpa msTfspy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJk; njhpa te;jJ.
,urhad Kiw xd;iwAk; gad;gLj;jhky;> mth;fshy; vg;gb Mh;rdpf; ,Ug; gij mwpa
Kbe;jJ. ,aw;ifapy; fpilf;Fk; Mh;rdpf; kpfTk; ];jpuj; jd;ik nfhz;l jdpkk; mjpy;
fjphpaf;fj; ij vtUk; fz;ljpy;iy. Mh;rdpf; kw;WnkhU mrhjhuzj; jd;ik nfhz;lJ. mij
xUth; jdpikahd jdpkk; vdyhk;. kw;wj; jdpkq;fspy; mNefk; 2> 3 my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l
*****INrhNlhg;Gfisf; nfhz;l fyitfsha; ;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.


*****INrhNlhg;G : xNu mZ vz;> khWgl;l mZ vil nfhz;l jdpkk;. mjhtJ
epA+f;spa]py; epA+l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; tpj;jpahrk; kw;w vyf;l;uhd;> GNuhl;lhd;fspy; VJk;
tpj;jpahrkpy;yh jdpkq;fs;. cjhuzkhfj; jruj;jpy; gj;J ntt;NtW tpirapd; mZf;fs;
cs;sd. ,it ahTk; ,aw;ifapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
Mdhy; Mh;rdpf; jdpahdJ. mjd; fUtpy; 33 GNuhl;lhd;fSk; 42 epA+l;uhd;fSk; cs;sd.
,j;jifa xU njhFg;G kpf ];jpukhdJ. MapDk; vt;topapNyDk; Xh; mjpfg;gb epA+l;uhd; ,e;jf;
fU tpDs; (Mh;rdpf; fUtpDs;) Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;lhy;> mjd; ];jpuj; jd; ik kiwe;J tpLfpwJ.
,e;j INrhNlhg;ig ,urhad Kiwapd;wpf; fz;Lgpbf;fyhk;. fjphpaf;f ntspaPl;il gjpT nra;a
xU fUtp jhd; Njit. fjphpaf;fKs;s Mh;rdpf; msT mjpfkhf Mf mjd; fhph;tPr;Rk;
mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ.
,Jjhd; me;j vspjhd Mdhy; mjpKf;fpakhd jla mwptpay; ghpNrhjid Kiwapd;
mbg;gil mwptpay; jj;Jtk;. jrkg;Gs;spf;F gpwF 10 my;yJ 12 G+[;[paq;fis nfhz;l
vz;fshy; Fwpg;gplf;$ba xU fpuhkpd; mj;Jiz rpwpa gpd;d msT nghUs;fisf; $l
jPh;khdkhff; fz;Lgpbf;f ,J cjTfpwJ.
,t;thWjhd; neg;Nghypad; Nghd gh;l;bd; kuzj;jpd; #o;epiyia rhpj;jpuk; vOJNthh;
fz;Lgpbj;jdh;. ,e;j Kiwf;F Method of activation analysis vd;W ngauhk;. ey;yJ ika
tp\aj;ij tpl;L rw;W js;spNa te;J tpl;Nld;. ,e;epfo;it vjw;F ,q;F vLj;Jf;fhl;l
tpUk;gpNdd; vd;why;> rpy Neuq;fspy; xU jdpkj;jpd; mrhjhuz gz;G $lg; NghJk; me;j
mrhjhuz gz;Ng mjw;F xU gpuj;Nahfj; jlaj; jd;ikia mspj;J tpLfpwJ vd;gij
vLj;Jf;fhl;lNt Ma;Tf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l nghUs; (Mh;nrdpf;) tp\Nk vd;w NghjpYk;
mjidAk; fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhd top Kiwapy; ve;j tpjkhd xU ,urhadg; ghpNrhjid KiwiaAk;
$l cgNahfpf;fhkNy NtW xU Gjpa Kiwapy; (Method of activation analysis) vg;gbf;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ ,Wjpapy; vd;gij rpwpJ ekJ tp\aj;NjhL xg;gpl;L rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;f;fNt.
NkYk; neg;Nghypad; tp\aj;jpy; jlag;nghUs; xU ,we;j clypy; (dead body y;)
cs;s jlag; nghUsha; Nghapw;W vd;why;> ekJ tp\aj;jpy; capUs;s kdpj clYf;Fs;NsNa
Njl Ntz;ba xU nghUs;. Mf rpf;fy; ,d;dKk; mjpfhpf;fNt tha;g; Gs;sJ vd;why; ,JTk;
kpifapy;iy ghpNrhjid nghUSf;fhd Nrk;gpis vLg;gjpypUe;J mij vq;Nf> vg;gb NjLtJ
vd;gJ tiu> vy;yhNk xNu rpf;fy; kaNk.!
,Nj Nghy ,d;]{ypid vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mij nraw;if Kiwapy; Ma;Tf; $lj;jpy;
jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdpy;> kpf ePz;l fhyk; gpbf;fpwJ. fhuzk; ,d;]{ypd; cz;ikapy; xU NgUUT
%yf;$W. mjpy; cs;s jdpkq;fs; kpfr;rpyNt. vdpDk; mtw;wpd; mZf;fs; mike;jpUf;Fk;
,izg;GKiw kpf mhpaJ; tphpthdJ. ,k; %yf;$wpy; 2 rq;fpypj; njhlh; mikg;Gfs; cs;sd.
A, B vd;gjhd ,t;tpU rq;fpypj; njhlh;fSk; xd;Wld; xd;W ,ul;ilf; fe;jf mZg;gpizg;gpdhy;
,ize;jpUf;fpd;wd. mjhtJ mtw;wpd; FWf;Nf ghyk; Nghy; ,U fe;jf mZf;fs; nfhz;l
,izg;G cs;sJ. ,d;Rypid nraw; if Kiwapy; jahhpf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy; Kjypy; ,e;j A, B
vd;Dk; ,U rq;fpypj; njhlh;fisAk; jdpj;jdpNa njhFj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpd;
,t;tpuz;ilAk; ,ul;ilf; fe;jf mZg;gpidg;gpdhy; ,izf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nraw;if
Kiwapy; ,d;]{ypid jahhpf;Fk;; Muk;gfhy Kaw;rpfspy; (1960 jrhg;jq;fspy;) rw;Nwwf;Fiwa 223
njhlh; tpidfisr; nra;J Kbj;jdh; vd;gij epidj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. ,jw;F Kd;NtW ve;j Ntjpr;
Nrh;kj;jpd; jahhpg;Gk; ,t;tsT fbdkhdjhf ,Ue;jjpy;iy. 10 kdpjh;fs; 3 Mz;Lfs;
,iltplhky; cioj;j ciog;gpd; gad; ,Jthk;.
Mdhy; caph; NtjpapaywpQh;fs; Xh; mG+h;t cz;ikiaf; $Wfpwhh;fs;. Xh; caph;
gpuhzpapd; nry;ypy; ,Nj %yf;$W 2> 3 tpehbfspy; jahuhtjhf! 3 Mz;Lfs; vq;Nf? 3
tpehbfs; vq;Nf? caph;g; gpuhzpfspd; nry;fspy; cs;s njhFg;Gr; rhjdq;fs; ,d;iwa
Ntjpapaypd; rhjdq;fistpl vt;tsT Nkd;ikahdit?! mtw;wpy; jahuhff;$ba rpf;fyhd caph
Ntjpkq;fs; vt;tsT rpf;fyhdit?! vd;gJ ,jpy; ,Ue;J ed;F Gydhfpwjy;yth?! kdpj
Kaw;rpia Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf ehd; ,ij ,q;F Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. ,d;iwa etPd


tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; gFg;gha;T Kiwapy; Vw;gLk; Jy;ypaj; jd;ik ek;ikg; gpuk;khz;lkhf tpaf;f
itf;fpwJ.
cjhuzkhf 1940-50 tiu xU nghUspy; cs;s mRj;jk; 0.01 to 0.001 % vd;w msT
tiu ,Ue;jhy; NtjpaywpQh;fSf;F mNefkhf vy;yh mRj;jq;fisAk; gFj;jhuha Kbe;jJ. 1960-
fSf;Fg; gpd; xU rjtPjj;jpd; Mapuk; kpy;ypadpy; xu; ghf (10
-12
) msTs;s mRj;jj;ijf; $l
fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; Vw;gl;lJ. rpy jdpkq;fspd; fjphpaf;fKs;s mZf;fisj;
jdpj;jdpahf ek;khy; ,d;W eph;zapf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; mwptpay; mg;NghNj jdpj; jdpkq;fisf;
fz;Lgpbg;gjpy; Ez;ikia neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; mg;gb jdpj;jdpkq;fisf; fz;L
gpbj;jy; vspjh? mJTk; vy;yhj; jdpkq;fSf;Fk; ,J rhj;jpakh? fjphpaf;fj; jdpkq;fspd;
tp\aj;jpy; Ntz;Lkhdhy; ekf;F mjph; \lk; Jiz Ghpayhk;. fjphpaf;fkpy;yh kw;wj; jdpkq;fspd;
tp\aj;ij nghWj;jtiu vd;d fjp?.
vdpDk; ];jpukhd mZf;fs;> mtw;wpd; Nrh;kq;fs; ,itfisf; fz;Lgpbj;J eph;zapg;gjd;
Ez;ikj; jd;ik me;j Ez;ik vy;iyf;F kpfTk; Nra;ikapNyNa (njhiytpNyNa) ,d;Dk;
,Uf;fpwJ. me;j Nra;ikj; njhiyT ve;jstpw;F nghpaJ vd;gJ gw;wp. XsTf;Fg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lkhdhy; ehk; mNthfhl;Nuhtpd; vz; vd;gJ gw;wpAk; xU rpwpJ Ghpe;J nfhz;Nl
Ntz;Lkhifapy; mJgw;wpAk; rpwpJ ghh;g; Nghk;.
fhfpjj;jpy; vOjpdhy; ,J Vwf;Fiwa 1f;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; 23 G+[;aq;fs; NkYk; rhpahff;
Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;Lkhdhy; 6.02510
23
vd;W vOjyhk;. rhp ,e;j vz;zhdJ fw;gid nra;a
fbdkhdJ vDksTf;F vt;tsT fbdkhdJ? Kaw;rp nra;Nthk;. ,e;jg; g+kpapd; [dj;njhif
2030-y; Rkhh; 1000 Nfhb Ngh;fs; vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. )xU mjpfgl;r msTf;fhf vjph; fhy
Gs;sp tpguk; xd;iwNa vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;).
6.02510
23
1000>00>00>000 = 6.02510
13
xU egUf;Ff; fpilf;ff; $ba mZf;fspd;
vz;zp;if ,t;tsT. vdpy;

6.02510
13
606012365 = 1,57,68,000 (xU ehisf;Fg; 12 kzp
Neuk; vz;ZfpwhHfs; vd;W itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; $l)
ekJ fpufj;jpy; ,e;jpah rPdh ,e;j ,uz;L ehLfspd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifia kl;Lk;
$l;bdhy; mJ tUk; 2020-k; Mz;Lfs; thf;fpy; mNefkhf 300 Nfhbiaj; jhz;b tpLk; vd
vjpHgHf;fg;gLfpwJ> ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,U ehLfspd; vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; $b VNjh xU> xNu xU
jdpkj;jpd; xU fpuhk; mZtpy; cs;s mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fz;Lgpbf;fj; jPh;khdpg;gjhf
itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. xt;nthU kdpjDk; gpujp jpdKk; vl;L kzp Neuq;fSf;F xU tpehbf;F
xd;whf vz;zpdhy; $l mt;tZf;fis vz;Ztjw;F Mrpaf; fz;lthrpfshd ek; midth;f;Fk;
MFk; Neuk; vt;tsT njhpAq;fsh? (xU vspjhd fzf;fPl;bNyNa GydhFk; ,J) rw;Nwwf;Fiwa
10 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfs; gpbf;Fk;. vq;fs; khepyj;jpd; Gfo;ngw;w kiwe;j fhyk; nrd;w xU
mwptpay; vOj;jhsh; (R[hjh) jhd; vOthh; ,g;gb vy;yhf; Nfs;tpfSf;FNk cq;fshy; gjpy;
nrhy;y KbAkh? vd;w thrfh;fspd; Kjy; Nfs;tpf;F mspf;Fk; Kjy; gjpypNyNa vOJth; ,g;gb.
( ghh;f;f gf;fk; - Vd; vjw;F vg;gb ghfk; 1)
ahuhYk; KbahJ? gpugQ;rj;jpd; rhpj;jpuj;jpw;F Nghf Ntz;lhk;. xNu xU fy; cg;G
(Nrhbak; f;NshiuL) me;j cg;Gf; fy;iy mwptjw;F $l ekJ mwpT NghjhJ. vd! vd;dlh
,g;gbf; $wptpl;Lr; nry;fpwhNu vd me;j mwpahg; gs;spg; gpuhaj;jpy; Gjph; Kbr;rha; GUtk;
RUf;fpaJz;L.
Mdhy; ,d;W rw;W cl;fhh;e;J rpy vspa fzf;fPLfisr; nra;J ghh;j;J Neubaha;
ehNd(Nk) gpukpf;Fk; NghJjhNd GhpfpwJ. me;j xg;gP L xd;Wk; mt;tsT jtwhd nra;jp my;y
vd;Wk; rw;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;sNt Kbfpw xU cz;ik jhd;; vd;gJTk; GhpfpwJ. ,urhadj;
jdpkq;fs; midj;Jk; vq;Fk; epiwe;Js;sd vd;Dk; jj;Jtk; xU jplkhd mbg;giliaf;
nfhz;lJ vd;gjw;F mNthfhl;uh vz; kpfg; nghpajhf ,Ug; gNj rhd;whFk;.
mNthfhl;Nuh vz; kpfg; nghpajhapUg;gjpypUe;J mRj;jq;fNs (fyg;Ng) ,y;yhj kpfg;
ghpRj;jkhd nghUs;fis miltjw;fhd vy;yh Kaw;rpfSk; tPNz vd;gJk; njspthf njhpfpwJ.


cjhuzj;jpw;F ,Uk;gpd; xU fpuhk; 10
23
mZf;fisf; nfhz;lJ. Mdhy; mjpy; xNu xU
rjtPjk; (1kpy;yp fpuhk; ) jhkpuk; fye;J mRj;jkhf ,Ue;jhy; mJNt 10
20
mZf;fSf;F
FiwahkypUf;Fk;. mRj;jj;jpdsT xU rjtPjj;jpd; gj;jhapuj;jpnyhU ghfkhff; Fiwf;fg;gl;lhYk;
(mjhtJ 0.0001 rjtPjk; vd Fiwf;fg;gl;lhYk;) 10
23
,Uk;G mZf;fSf;F fyg;G mRj;jj;jpd;
msT (jhkjpuj;jpd; msT) 10
16
mZf;fshf ,Uf;Fk;. jdpk ml;ltidapy; cs;s vy;yhj;
jdpkq;fSf;Fk; mRj;jf; fyg;gpy; gq;F mspf;fg;gl;lhy; ruhrhpahf 10
14
mZf;fshtJ (mjhtJ
100bhpy;ypad; mZf;fshtJ) xt;nthU jdpkj;jpypUe;Jk; ,Uf;Fk;.
jw;Nghija NeNdhnlf;dhy[p Afj;jpy; tpguq;fs; vg;gbNah? Vnddpy; jdp xU mZtpd;
vyf;l;uhd; $l;lj;jpy; NkYk; xU vyf;l;luhd; Nrh;f;Fk; tpj;ijia (,ijAk; Kjypy; Igpvk;
fk;ngdpf;fhuh;fs; jhd; rhjpj;Js;sdh;) ,d;W tpQ;Qhdk; rhjpj;Js;sJ.
Vw;fdNt ,Nj Igpvk; FOtpdh; 1989-y; 35 nrdhd; mZf;fis xU gug;gpy; thpirahf
xd;wd; gf;fk; xd;whf mLf;fp (IBM )Igpvk; vd;w vOj;ijg; gjpj;jhh;fs;. ,JNt cyfpd; kpfr;
rpwpa vOj;J vd;W $l $wyhk;. xU mh;j;jj;jpy; NeNdhnlf;dhy[p vDk; xU Gjpa
nlf;dhy[pNa md;wpypUe;J jhd; cjpj;jJ vd;Wk; $l $wyhk;.
gl;lhdpiag; nghWf;fp vLj;J thpirahf itg;gJ Nghy jdp mZitg; nghWf;fp vLj;J
itg;gJ vd;gJ rhjhuz tp\akpy;iy jhd;. ,d;W jq;fNuf;fpd; gug;gpy; jdpj;jdp jq;f mZtpd;
vyf;l;uhd; $l;lj;jpy; jdp vyf;l;uhid nrYj;jpf; fhl;b ,Uf;fpwhh;fshk;.
];Nfdpq;ld;dypq; vyf;l;uhd; ikf;Nuh];Nrhg; vd;fpw etPd ikf; uh];Nfh]; ,jw;F cjtp
,Uf;fpwJ. 1980-y; cUthf;fg;gl;l ,e;j ikf;uh];Nfhg;gpy; xU Crp Kid ,Uf;Fkhk;. ,jd;
$h;ik vj;jid El;gkhdJ vd;why; mjd; Edp jdp mZtpy; KbtilAk; vd;gijf; fw;gid
gz;zpg; ghh;f;fTk; vd;fpwhh;fs;.
,e;j Crpapd; Kid %yf;$Wfspd; Nky;Gwk; thpNahl;lk; nra;Ak; nghoJ %yf;$Wfspd;
Nky; gug;gpYs;s kpd; NkL gs;sj;jpd; tiuglj;ij ,J jahhpj;J tpLk;. ,e;j STM JizAld;
,q;/;gpy;yh; %yk; nrhl;Lr; nrhl;lhf jz;zPh; tpLtJ Nghy mZf;fspd; kPJ vyf;l;uhd;fis
xt;nthd;whf tpLfpwhh;fshk;.
mZitNa fz;zpy; ghh;f;fyhk; vd;gJld; mijj; njhlTk; nra;ayhk; vd;gJk;
ep&gzkhfp tpl;lJ vd;fpwhh;fs;. ,dp vyf;l;uhd; rh;f;A+l;Lfs; 10000 klq;Fr; rpwpjhfptpLk; vd;Wk;
$Wfpwhh;fs;. mJ kl;Lky;y jdpnahU mZtpd; epoiyf; $lg; glk; gpbf;f KbAk; vd;gijAk;
,e;j tp]ak; gz;G tuf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; f;thz;lk; fk;g; A+l;lH; njhopy; El;gj;jpw;;F kpfTk;
gaDs;sjhapUf;Fk; vd;Wk; fz;Lgpbj;Js;shHfs;. (ghHf;f Ner;rH gj;jpupf;ifapd; )
,ijnay;yhk; vjw;Ff; $WfpNwd; vd;why;> jdp mZf;fspd; ,urhad epfo;Tfis ,dk;
fhz Kbfpw jpf;F Nehf;F tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; tsh;r;rp Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;Ls;s epiyapy;> ehk;
vt;tsNth gbepiyfisj; jhz;bj;jhd; ,g;NghJ ,d;Ws;s epiyiaAk;> ,d;Dk; vt;tsNth
jhz;b nry;y Ntz;ba gbepiyfisf; fle;J jhd; vjph;fhy ,yf;FfisAk; mila
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
gj;J kdpjh;fspd; 3 Mz;L ,iltplhj Kaw;rp vq;Nf (,d;Rypd; tp \aj;jpy;) 3
tpehbfspy; caph;g; gpuhzpfspd; clypy; jahuhFk; caph; Ntjpr; nray;ghLfs; vq;Nf? ,d;Rypd;
tp\aj;jpNyNa ,e;jsT vd;why; kw;w Ntjptpidfspd; epfo;tpy; ?
kdpj cly; vd;gJ ,aw;ifapd; gd;ndLq;fhy ghpzhk tuyhw;wpy; ed;F Nrhjpj;J ghh;j;J>
tbfl;bj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l xU ,aw;ifj; Njh;T. rpf;fyhd caH caph; Ntjpr; nray;fis mw;g
MAs; nfhz;l ,d;iwa Ma;T $l tpQ;Qhdk; mt;tsT vspjpy; Rygj;jpy; kjpg;gP L nra;a>
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s mDkjpf;Fkh vd;d? vd;gJk; xU rthyhd GjpUk; kh;kKk; epiwe;j
Nfs;tpNa mjhtJ ,aw;ifNahL xg;gpLifapy; kdpjd; ,J tp\aj;jpy; kpf kpf mw;g MAs;
nfhz;ltd;. vJ vJ vy;yhk; ve;j ve;j caph; Ntjpr;nray;Kiwfs; vy;yhk; xU gpuhzpapd


tho;Tf;F cfe;jJ my;yJ ghjfk; vd;gij vy;yhk; KbT nra;Ak; mDgt ty;yik> MAs;>
gupzhkj;jpd; ePzl neba tuyhw;Wg; ghijia vy;yhk; xU ghHit Nehf;fhsdha; ,Ue;J ghHf;f
Kbfpw msTf;nfy;yhk; xU ePzl mDgt MAs; ,itnay;yhk; jdpnahU kdpjDf;F kl;Lky;y
xl;L nkhj;j kdpj Fyj;jpw;Nf me;j MAs; fpilahJ. xl;L nkhj;j kdpj Fyj;jpd; mDgt
MAisf; fhl;bYk; mjpfkhdJ gupzhkj;jpd; MAs;.. yl;rf;fzf;fhd> Nfhbf; fzf;fhd
Mz;Lfis jdJ miu MAl;fhykhff; nfhz;l cah fjpupaf;fj; jdpkq;fSf;F Ntz;Lkhdhy;
mj;jifa MAs; rhj;jpak;.
rhpahd Shortcut root I fz;Lgpbf;fj; jtwpdhy; 3 tpehbfs; my;y 3000
Mz;LfshdhYk; ,ayhJ vd;gijj; jhd; ,d;Rypd; tptfhuNk ek;kplk; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;why;
,g;NghJ ehk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l tp\aj;jpy; cs;s vjphpl NeLfpw rpf;fy;fisg; gw;wpnay;yhk;
vd;d $w? kpfTk; rpf;fyhd ,t;tif tpdhf;fSf; Fj; Njitg;gLk; xU njspthd
mjpfhug;G+h;tkhd tpsf;fj;ij vy;yhk; vg;gbAk; me;je;j Jiw rhh;e;j epGzh; FOf;fspd; xU
ngupa gl;lhsk; kl;LNk mspf;f KbAk;. vg;gbAk; vd; Nghd;w ghku mwptpay; rQ;rpif
thrfdy;y


8) neg;Nghypad; tPo;r;rpAk; gq;Fr;re;ijapy; $l mjd; vjpnuhypAk;.


vj;ijj; jpd;why; gpj;jk; njspAk;? vd;w fzf;fha; vd;d nra;jhy; ,e;jg; g;nuhg;Nghry;
gf;fk; mwptpay; cyfpd; KO ftd <Hg;igg; ngw KbAk; vd ehd; mjpjPtpukhf ,jd;
rhj;jpag;ghL Fwpj;J vdf;Fj; njhpe;j ez;gHfsplk; vy;yhk; fye;jhNyhrpj;j fhyq;fspy; xU
rkak; mtHfspd; %yk; mwpKfkhd xU N]u; khHf;nfl; GNuhf;fH xUtH je;j MNyhrid jhd;
,J. Ngrhky; ,ij ,izaj;jpNyNa VNjDk; xU xU Gidg; ngaupy; tiyg; gjptha; my;yJ
Gjpdkha; ntspapl;L tpLqfNsd; vd;gJ. epr;rak; xU rpy khjq;fspy; gpd;D}l;lk; (vjpH tpid)
vd;d vd;gJ njupe;J tpLk;. filrpf;Fk; filrpaha; Fiwe;j gl;rk; ikf;Nuh rh/g;l; gq;Ffis
ngWkstpy; itj;Js;s KjyPl;lhsHfs; %ykhfthtJ mth;fspd; vjpH tpid %ykhfthtJ
,jw;F xU tpNkhrdk; fpl;lf;$Lk;. vd;d Mdhy; $lNt ,jd; gpd; tpisTfSf;Fk; jahuhapUf;f
Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.

ePq;fs; jhd; Vw;fdNtNa ,jw;nfy;yhk; jahH jhNd? vj;ijj; jpd;why; gpj;jk; njspAk;?
kdepiyapy; Vw;fdNtNa cs;sth; jhNd? ,jw;fhf xUNtis Njit Vw;gl;lhy; capu; jpahfNk
$l nra;aj; jahH vDk; kd epiyapy; cs;stH jhNd?! mg;Gwnkd;d?. xU Ntis cq;fsJ
A+fk; ngha;j;Jg; Ngha; tpl;lhYk; guthapy;iy ,jdhy; xd;Wk; cq;fs; Fb KOfpg; Ngha; tplhJ
mg;gbNa NghdhYk; mJTk; gpy; Nfl;]pDilajha; jhd; ,Uf;f KbAk;. mg;Gwk; vd;d? ,iza
muq;Nfw;wk; nra;Jtpl Ntz;baJjhNd? vdf; $wp ,jw;fhf xU tuyhw;Wjhuzj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;
fhl;bdhH. mtH njhlHe;jhH

Kjypy; gq;F khHf;nfl; vd;gNj xU tifapy; ,JTk; xU A+f thzpgk; Nghy jhd;
,jw;nfjw;F cz;;ikAk; CH[pjghlhd jfty;fSk;? cz;ikiag; Nghy; ngha;iaAk; xU rj;jpa
Nrhjidf;F cs;shf;fpg; ghHf;f Mf kpfr; rpwe;j Nrhjidf; fsk; mjpYk; cq;fSilaijg;
Nghd;w re;Njfq;fis vy;yhk; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;sg; ngupa rpwe;j ,lk; gq;Fr; re;ijNa. vg;gb ,ij
,t;tsT cWjpAld; $WfpNwd; vd;gjw;F me;j Nkw;fj; jpa miuf;Nfhsj;jpypUe;Nj njhopy; uPjpahf
ehd; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;;s ,e;j ,Njg;; gq;Fr; re;ij epfo;TfspypUe;Nj NkNy ePq;fs; Rl;bf;
fhl;bdP HfNs neg;Nghypad; me;j neg;Nghypad; fhyj;jpNyNa mtNuhL rk;ge;jg;gl;l
epfo;TfspypUe;Nj mjhtJ gq;Fr; re;ijapd; njhlf;f fhyq;fspy; ,Ue;Nj xU kpfr; rpwe;j Kd;
cjhuzj;ij cq;fSf;Fj; ju KbAk;. ,jw;fhjhukha; neg;Nghypadpd; tPo;r;rpapd; NghJ gq;Fr;
re;ijapy; ele;j epfo;Tfis rw;Nw epidT$w Kbe;jhNy NghJk;.

1800- nrhr;rq;fspy; INuhg;gpa murpay; fsj;jpy; neg;Nghypad; xU mfw;w ,ayhj murpay;
rf;jpaha; murpay; thdpy; cr;rhdpf; nfhk;gpy; caug; gwe;j fhyk;. Kjd; Kjyhf me;jg; ngupa
rupj;jpu kdpjh; Njhy;tpAw;w Neuk;. thl;lHY} flw; Nghupy; Njhy;tpAw;W tpLfpwhH. (Vw;fdNtNa
u]pag; gilnaLg;gpy; fzprkhfg; gytPdg;gl;L ,Ue;j NghjpYk;) mtuJ Njhy;tpia> tPo;r;rpia
ntsp cyfpw;F mjpfhug;G+Htkha;g; gpufldg;gLjpjpa Kjy; NghH vdpy; mJ thl;lHY}r;
rz;ilNa. ,d;W ekf;F ,J vspjha; njupe;j fle;j fhy cz;ikr; rupj;jpuk; Mdhy; md;W.?
,e;jr; rupj;jpu rk;gtk; vd;W ele;jNjh md;W me;j rk fhyj;jpy;? jfty; njhopy; El;gj;jpy;
xU Gul;rpNa Vw;gl;L tpl;l ,d;iwa mjp etPd fhyky;y neg;Nghypad; fhyk;.

neg;Nghypadpd; Njhy;tpr; nra;jpia mNj rkak; ,q;fpyhe;jpd; ntw;wpr; nra;jpia
Rke;J nfhz;L te;j Nghhf; fsj;Jr; rpg;gha; xUtd; yz;ld; khefuj;jpDs; Eioe;j rkak; . A+f
thzpgk; (gq;Fr; re;ijiaj; jhd; ,g;gb ef;fyhff; Fwpg;gpl;lhH.) nra;j mjp];lk; mtd;
muz;kidf;Fs; EioAk; Kd;dNu cs;SH gpuG xUtupd; ghHitapy; gLfpwhd;. mtH mtdplkpUe;J
NghHf;fsj;J epytuk; gw;wpaj; jftiyf; fwe;J nfhz;lNjhby;yhky; mr; rpg;ghia ier;rpakha;
Vkhw;wp kJ kaf;fj; jpDs;Sk;; Mo;j;jp jd; khspifapy; Nghijapy; cwq;f tpl;L tpl;L mj;
jftiy itj;J ehY fhR ghHj;J jftiyg; ngUk; xU nry;tkhf nrhj;jhf khw;wpa xU rupj;jpug;
GfOf;Fk;; (cyf rupj;jpuj;jpNyNa) Kjy; cjhuzkhfp tpl;lhH. mjhtJ gpupl;ld; gilfs; Njhw;W
tpl;ljhfTk; neg;Nghypadpd; gilfs; ntw;wp ngw;Wtpl;ljhfTk; mit tpiue;J gpupl;ld; Nehf;fp
te;J nfhz;bUg;gjhfTk; xU mg;gl;lkhd ngha;ia tje;jpiaf; fpsg;g tpLfpwhH. tpisT gq;Ffs;


fpLfpLntd rupaj; njhlq;f tje;jpiaf; fpsg;gpatNu gpd; ey;y mWtiliaAk; nra;J nfhz;ljhf
tuyhW. Mf xU nra;jp cz;ikah ngha;ah? vd;gij tpl xU Ntis me;jnra;jp cz;ikahf
,Uf;FNkh.? ,Ue;J tpl;lhy;.? vd;w ,g;gbg; gl;l xU gaj;jpy; vLf;fg;gLk; KbTfNs ,q;F
ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ. up];f; vLf;f tpUk;ghj ntF [d kdepiy> mjd; jhf;fk; murpay; nghUshjhuj;
jsj;jpy; vg;gbapUf;Fk; vd;gNj ,q;F ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sj;jf;f xU mk;rk;. me;j tifapy;
cq;fsJ mDkhdKk; xU rpwpjstpw;fhtJ mw;g mstpw;fhtJ xU mHj;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhz;buhky; ,y;iy.

mjpYk; cldbahf CH[pjk; nra;J nfhs;s Kbahj tje;jpfSf;F nghUshju jsj;jpy;
xU mHj;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Kw;wpYk; ,y;yhkNy Ngha;tpltpy;iy. CH[pjk; MFk; fhyk; tiu jhd;
vd;w NghjpYk; mJ vt;tsT mw;g msTf; fhykhfNt ,Ue;jhYk; me;j mw;g msTf;fhyj;jpw;Fk;
$l xU tpiy ,Uf;fNt nra;fpwJ. vd;d Mdhy; ,jw;Nf cupj;jhd up];f;FfSk; ,y;yhky;
,y;iy. gupRf;F Mirg;gl;lhy; NrHj;Jj; jz;lidf;Fk; jahuhfNtapU vd;w xU gonkhopiag;
Nghy ePq;fs; ,uz;Lf;Fk; jahuha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. nrhy;yp tpl;Lj; jufH nrd;W tpl;lhH Mdhy;
mtH tpijj;j gupNrhjid Kaw;rp vDk; tpij jhd; ,d;Wk; vid tpl;L mfyhJ MytpUl;rkha;
Mf;ukpj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. Xirglhj Kaw;rpfs; Njhy;tp vDk; gl;rj;jpy; filrp Kaw;rpahfj; jhd;
,izag; gjpit vz;zpAs;Nsd;.

KjypNyNa vidf; filrpj; NjHT Nehf;fpj; js;sp tpl khl;BHfs; vd;Wk; ek;GfpNwd;.
my;yJ ,ijnay;yhk; jhz;b filrpf;Fk; filrpahd kw;nwhU ePHj;Jg; Nghd Mg;rDf;Fk
;(Kaw;rpf;Fk;) xU tha;g; G ,y;yhky; ,y;iy Mdhy; VNdh vdf;F mjpy; xU rpwpJ $l tpUg;gk;
MHtk; ,y;iy vd;gNjhL mjw;nfy;yhk; xU rpwpJk; NeuKk; fpilahJ vd;gJ jhd; mJ. me;j
Mg;rd; ,g;gpur;idia Ngrhky; xU mwptpay; GidT ,yf;fpakha;> Gj;jfkha; ehtyha;
Kaw;rpj;Jg; ghHf;fyhk;. my;yJ ,d;ndhU filrp fl;l Kaw;rp ,ij tpf;fP yPf;]; [{ypad;
mrhq;NfTf;Nfh my;yJ mtuJ FO cWg;gpdHfspy; vtUf;fhtJ xUtUf;Nfh mDg;gp xU upry;l;
ngWtJ. tpf;fPyPf;]; Nghd;wtHfs; kdk; itj;jhy; vd; re;Njfj;jp;w;F fz;bg;ghf xU tpil
nfhLf;f KbAk;.vd; Kd; cs;s rhj;jpag;ghLfs;; jw;Nghijf;F ,t;tsNt.

Mdhy; vdf;fpUf;Fk; Neu mOj;jj;jpy; ruhrup rHittYf;Nf ngUk; Nghuhl;l tho;f;if
vDk; #oypy; Gidthf;f ehty;> Gj;jhf;fg; Gjpd Kaw;rpf;nfy;yhk; rw;Wk; Neukpy;iy. rHitty;
jhz;b ,e;jsTf;Fj; ,ijj; jq;fs; ftd <Hg;Gf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Nf ehd; vt;tsT ngUk; xU
typia> Nghuhl;lj;ij tpiyahff; nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ vd;gij vidj; jtpu me;j Mz;ltd;
vd xUtd; ,Ue;jhy; mtd; xUtNd mwpthd;. (mg;gb xUtH ,Ue;jhy; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;..);
Vd; xU tifapy; vd; KO tho;f;ifiaNa $l ,jw;fhfg; gyp nfhLj;jpUf;fpNwd vd;why; ,JTk;
kpifahfhJ vd;Nw vz;ZfpNwd; Mf ,jw;F Nky; ,dpNky; vd;dplk; ,of;f VJkp;y;iy capiuj;
jtpu vd;w epiyapy; jhd; ,e;jsTf;F xU tpspk;G epiy tpuf;jpapy; jhd; ,k;Kaw;rpia
Kd;ndLj;Jf; nfhz;L te;Js;Nsd; vd;why; ,JTk; kpifay; y.


9) jpl;lj;jpd; %y efYk; mjd; gpwg;gplKk;.(khj;Ug+jk;)

(Semen- Semen
I.Q. Factor)
I.Q. Factor Qualitative Meaurement
Quantitative
Semen


E.Q. Factor-
(Emotional Quotient) E.Q.
Factor-
E.Q. (Emotional Quotient ) Factor-
E.Q. Factor-
Concept ojas


proposal
E.Q. (emotional
Quotient) Power





10) Vd; kWj;jJ fpd;d]; ?
fpd;d]; kWjypg;Gf;fhd fhuzk; (A+fj;jpd;ghw;;gl;lJ.)
ve;jr; rpy eph;ge;jq;fSf;Fl;gl;L ehd; vdJ gioa fpd;d]; kWjypg;G jpl;lj;ij
nraw;gLj;j tpUk;gpNdNdh mg;gb mth;fSk; > fpd;d]; jug;G vd;W jhd; vd;wpy;iy. ,J
rk;ke;jkhf Mh;tk;> <LghL fhl;Lk; ve;j xU mwptpay; Ma; T epWtdk; jhd; Mfl;Lk; my;yJ jdp
kdpjh;fs; jhdhfl;Lk; mth;fSk; $l rpy eilKiw eph;ge;jq;fs; fhuzkhfNt iffs; fl;lg;gl
Neh;e;jpUg;gh;.

mJ vdJ Proposal-f;fhd jFjp (Eligibility) Fwpj;Nj xU Nfs;tp vOg;gp Mf Ntz;ba
xU fl;lhak; eph;ge;jk; ,Uf;fpwNj mJ.> mJthfj;jhd; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. xU gpr;irf;fhud; ehd;
midj;ijAk; Jwe;J tpl;Nld; vd;gjpy;> vg;gb> vd;d nghUs; ,Uf;f KbANkh?> ;czh;tpoe;jtd;;
jd;dlf;fk; gapy;fpNwd; vd;gjpy; vg;gb vd;d nghUs; ,Uf;f KbANkh?! mg;gb!> mg;gbg;gl;l
fijaha;. tp\akha; vdJ (fpd;d]; g;nuhg;Nghry;) jpl;lk; mike;J tplf; $lhjy;yth? ,e;j
eph;ge;jk; fhuzkhfj;jhd;> vg;gbj; jFjp Fwpj;J Nfs;tp vOg;GtJ?! jFjpr; Nrhjid elj;JtJ?
vd;w ,e;j xU jh;krq;flepiy fhuzkhff; $l ,j;jpl;lk; Fwpj;j mth;fspd; xj;Jiog;gpy; xU
gpd;dilit Vw;gLj;jpapUf;ff; $Lk;.

NkYk; rhjhuzkhf Ma;T Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf gpuhzpfis tijg;gijNa gpuhzpfis
,k;rpf;ff; $lhJ. nrhy;yf;$lhJ vdf; fz;ldf; Fuy;fs; vOk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; .. (,jw;Fk; rpy
[Ptfhuz;a (rp)rq;fq;fs; mikg;Gfs; r%fj;jpy; cs;sjpy;iyah? ,J Nghd;w Ma; TfSf;F xU
ePz;lfhy rhl;rpakha; nray;gl;lhh;fs; ,th;fs; vd kdpjFyr; r%fj;jpw;F njhpatUk; gl;rj;jpy;
mjdhy; vof;$ba r%ftpay; gpd;tpisTfs; Fwpj;j mr;rk; fhuzkhff; $l kWj;jpUf;fyhk;. ,Nj
fhuzq;fSf;fhNt ,dp tUk; fhyq;fspYk; $l kWf;fg;glyhk.; Fiwe;j gl;rk; vtH xUtiuAk;
jaq;f itf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ,it vd;w mstpyhtJ ,ij mu;j;jg; gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk.;
.
mLj;jjhf r%fk; vd;w rhl;ilabf;fhf kl;Lky;y> ,J mth;fsJ nrhe;j kdrhl;rpf;Nf
$l rw;Wf; fh;zf^ukhd> xUtpjf; nfh^ukhd F&ur; rhb]g; ghpNrhjidahAk; gl;bUf;fyhk;.
mjw;F Jiz Nghd ghtk; ekf;Nfd; vd;w nrd;bnkz;l;lhd xU Fw;w czh;T fhuzkhfTk;
kWj;jpUf;fyhk;. ,dpNkYk; kWf;fg;glyhk.; Mf 1. jFjp Fwpj;j Nrhjid vt;thW elj;JtJ> 2.
r%ftpay; gpd;tpisTfs;> 3. nrd;bnkz;lhd Fw;w czh;T ,k; %d;W fhuzq;fs; fhuzkhfj;
jhd; ,ij Vw;W xU Ma; tha; elj;j Kd;tUk; vth; xUtiuAk; jaq;f itf;Fk; fhuzpfs;.
vdNt fpd;d]; jug;gpd; kWg;G ,ay;ghfNt vjph;ghh;f;f $ba xd;W jhd;.

vdNt jhd; ,J Nghd;w ghpNrhjidfSf;Fr; rhl;rpaq;fsha; kdpj rhl;rpaq;fisr;
rhh;e;jpUf;fhky;> ,jw;nfdNt gpuj;Nahfkhf mike;j jla mwptpay; ghpNrhjid Kiwfis
rhh;e;jpUf;FkhW ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhy; vd;d?! vdr; rpe;jpj;jjd; tpisNt ,g;gioa Proposal- I
I.rp.v];.I fz;Nzhl;lj;jpYk;> mJ J\;gpuNahfk; nray;gl;lhy; vd;dhFk; vd;w fz;Nzhl;lj;jpYk;
vidr; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;baJ.

vdJ cz;ikg; Proposal (Proposal -d; ika mr;rhzp) Nay; gy;fiyf; fofj;Jf;Fk;
khj;UG+jj;Jf;Fk; mDg;gpa fbj rhuk; jhd;. mJ nraw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lnkdpy; kdpj rhl;rpak;
vd;w jh;krq;flj;jpypUe;J xU ie\;bfg; gpuk;kr; rhhpia tpLtpg;gJ vd;gJ jhd; kl;Lky;y
ie\;bfg; gpuk;kr;rhpak; vd;gNj kdpj Fyj;Jf;F (vq;NfDk; yl;rj;jpy;> Nfhbapy; xUtUf;NfDk;)
rhj;jpakhd xd;W jhdh? my;yJ my;yth vdr; Nrhjpg;gJk; jhd;;. Kaw;rpj;;jhy; ,J tp \aj;jpy;
ntw;wpAk; fpl;lyhk;. Njhy;tpAk; fpl;lyhk;. Mdhy; Kayhtpl;lhy; ntw;wp vd;gNj fpilahjy;yth.
mjpYk; Njhy;tp vd;gNj $l Kd; Ng ehk; $wpagb ekJ Kaw;rpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;J
jhd; ,Uf;fpwNj xopa> NghJkhd msTf;F vz;zpf;if gyj;jpy; ek; Kaw;rpfspd; msT
Xq;Fkhdhy; Xq;fpapUf;FNkahdhy; fz;bg;ghf cWjpahd xU ntw;wpAk; $l fpl;lf; $Lk; vd;Nw
ek;GfpNwd;.

; cz;ikapy; czHtpoe; jtd; vd; W $l xUtd; ,e;j cyfpy; cz;lh vd;d? Kw; w KOjhff; $l xU
kdpjd; (mtH MNzh> ngz;Nzh mJ ,uz;lhtJ) czHtpoe;jpl KbAkh vd;d? czHntd;whNy mJ kdk;
rk;ge;jg;gl; lJ vd; w epiyapy;> xU kdpjdpd; kd Cdj; ij ve; jf; Nfkuh nfhz;L ghHf;f? Mzpd; kd Cdj; ijf; $l xU


tifapy; ntspg;ghl;Lf;Ff; nfhz;L te;J tpl KbAk;. ngz;fs; tp]aj; jpy;? Guhz fhy mfypif jhd; mg;gb xU
czHtpoe;j Nfuf; luhf ahNuh xU ek;%H jkpo; vOj; jhsuhy; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls; shH. Mdhy; etPd fhyj;ijg; nghWj; j
tiu.? ek;%H ehuhaz nul;b NtW> flTs; xd; Wk; Nu]d; M/gPrH (tpfld; ntspaPL capH gf;-103) ,y;iy>
tpe;jZf;fis xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT kl;LN;k nfhLf;f. xU kdpjd; MNuhf;fpakhf ,Ue;jhy; mtd; rhfpw tiuf;Fk; ,J
Rue;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. QhapW tpLKiwnay;yhk; fpilahJ vd; fpwhH. Mdhy; ,d;ndhU Gwk; NtW vq;Nfh vg;NghNjh
xU jkpo; gj; jpupf;ifr; nra; jpapy;> Mz;fSf;Fk; nkNdhgh]; vd;w rkhr;rhuk; cz;L vd etPd Ma;Tfs; $Wtjhfg; gbj; j
epidTk; kdjpy; epoyhLfpwJ. ,d; Dk; gf; fhthd cyfg; Gfo; nrf; ]hy[p];Lfis Jizf;F itj; Jf; nfhz;L jhd; ,J
tp]aj; jpy; xU KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lk; NghYs; sJ.


jpl;lj;jpd; M];jpf> eh];jpf ,ul;il Kfk;.(mHj;jehupf; fbjk;)


fPo;f; fz;l fbjk; Nryk; fUq;fy;gl;biar; NrHe;j (V-nlf;N]h> X- nlf;N]h ngah; rupahf
epidtpy; ,y;iy. mjd; cupikahsH mg;NghJ mtH.) tajhd xU NfhB];tuUf;F vOjg;gl;lf;
fbjk;. fbjk; jdpg;gl;l xUj;jUf;F vOjg;gl;lJ vd;whYk; fbj rhuk; ehk; midtUk; gbj;Jg;
ghHj;J xU fUj;J> mgpg;uhak; nrhy;yj;jf;f xd;wha; xU nghJ tp]akha; ,Ue;jJ vd;gjhy;
,ij khw;wk; nra;ahky; mg;gbNa ,q;F Kd; itj;Js;Nsd;.

Existing X


(Anotomy structure)
Concept)


12) ,yz;ld; gp.gp.rp.jkpNohir Mde;jp #Hag;gpufhrk;> kw;Wk; kfhNjtd;
,tu;fSf;F vOjpa fbj efy; (Njjpapl;lJ.)

vdjpe;j re;Njfk; rupNa. rupNa vd;gij gpd;dhy; kw;nwhU rkak; Mde;jp #Hag; gpufhrk;
mtHfSldhd xU Neub njhiy Ngrp ciuahly; topNa ehNd Neubaha; Cu;[pjk; nra;J
nfhs;sTk; NeHe;Njd;;.

...............................................................................................................................................................................
......

; ;
Actually now I dont expect any publicity


ntspg;Gwr; re;jHg;gq;fs; vd;w nkhopngah;g; ig ,q;F ehk; ntspg;Gwr; rf;jpfs; vd;Wk;
$lg; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.
Eligibility)
Extreame side stage)
(DNA Test)


A Brief history of time - From Big Bang to Black hole)
Proposal (Not only Hindu Religion)


13. thu kyH-mDuhj ukddpd; md;Gld; me;juq;fk; kPjhd tpkHrdk;
(gf;fk;-22 13.08.2001 Njjpapl;l thukyUf;fhd tpkHrdk;)

communication medias
,jw;F xU msNt ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
vy;yhk; (
Run Rate. Score
thuj;jpw;F my;yJ
Run Rate.
Score average/month/weak/day tpjuizahd xU
vd;Nw vz;zj;


etc
So,


(tpgr;rhuj;jpy;.) Vd; Vw;gLj;j Kbahky; NghdJ
r Sk;


IV


Mode)


ey;y Ntis ,g;NghJ ,q;Fk; mq;Fkpq;Fkhf ,ijg; gw;wpa nky;y xU tpthjk;
njlq;fpAs;sJ. Xupdr;NrHf;ifahsHfSf;Fr; rq;fk; vd;gJ tiu xU khw;wk; vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
ICSI (Intra chtoplasmic sperm injection)
ICSI
ICSI
testis)


14) czu;r;rp vd;gJk; xU tifapy; Mw;wy; gpok;Ng (xU mHj;jj;jpy;
,J Rthkp tpNtfhde;jh; tpl;Lr; nrd;w xU gzpapd; njhlHr;rp Nghyj;
jhd;)


czHr;rp vd;gJk; xUtifapy; rf;jpapd; tbtk; jhNd.? Mnkdpy; mJTk; Mw;wy;
khwhf; Nfhl; ghl;L tpjpf;F cl;gl;lJ jhNd?

ghYzHr;rpahf ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; rf;jp Kiwg;gbf; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; mJ x[]; vd;w
rf;jpahf khWfpwJ vd;fpwhH; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jH. mjhtJ ,jw;F ghYzHr;rpahf
ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; rf;jp vd;why; vd;d? mJ ve;j tpjkhfnty;yhk; vg;gbnay;yhk;
ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;gijg; gw;wpa xU tiuaiw> Gupjy; Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; mJ xU
qualititative characterM quantitative character M vd;w tiuaiwapNyNa rH;r;ir
njhlq;FfpwJ. Kd;Ng ehd; khj;UG+jj;Jf;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;j khjpup mij
mg;gbNa ghHg;Nghk;.
epfo;itNah my;yJ ];fypj
(Semen- Rthkp[p $l
Semen
I.Q. Factor
,g;NghJ ,JTk; $l I.f;A+ /Ngf;lH xd;wpdhy; kl;LNk msf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. vNkh]dy; Nfh]d;l;
vdg;gLk; <.f;A+ /Ngf;luhYk; msf;fg;gLfpwJ.
mwptpay; mbg;gilapy; mike;j
Kjypy; x[]; vd;why; vd;d? mjDila epiy ];N; ll; (state)
vd;d? mjhtJ mJ xU (f;Ntd;l;bNll;bt; (Quantitative) Nfuf;luh?) mjhtJ msT epiyah?
my;yJ (qualitative) vdg;gLk; gz;G epiyah? vd ve;j xU njspTk; ,y;yhky; x[]; vd;why;
vd;d Gupe;J nfhs;s? ,J Rthkp[papd; Fw;wky;y. mtu; fhyj;J ,e;jpar; r%fj;jpd; mwptpay;
tsHr;rp kl;lk; mg;gb. Mdhy; ,d;iwa epiy..? ,d;iwa epiy vd;d?

md;iwa epiyapNyNa mijAk; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jNu xU Kiw ,yz;ldpy; Mw;wpa
nrhw;nghopnthd;wpd; %ykhfNt (gFj;jwpTk; kjKk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; Mw;wpa nrhw;nghopnthd;wpd;
%yNk) #rfkhfNtf; Fwpg;gpl;Lr;nrd;Ws;shH. Mapuj;J vl;E}w;W njhz;Z}w;W nrhr;rq;fspy;
Rthkp[p vij rig ehfupfk; fhuzkhf kq;fyhd #rfkhd thHj;ijfspy;; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrd;whNuh
mijj; jhd; ,d;W ,q;F rw;W gl;ltHj;jdkhfNt(rw;W mehfupfkhfNtg; gl;lhYk; guthapy;iy
vd xU Mil mtpo;g; G NghyNt) Kd; itj;J tpl;Nld;. kw;wgb vdJ mHj;jg;gLj;jy; rup vd
cz;ik Mj; jpfHfshy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;L> me;j mu;j;jj;jpy; ghHj;jhy; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jH
Mapuj;J vl;E}w;W njhz;Z}w;W nrhr;rq;fspy; tpl;Lr; nrd;w xU kfj;jhd gzpapd; gpd;
njhlHr;rpg; Nghyj;jhd; vdJ ,f; fpd;d]; g;nuhg;Nghry; gzpAk;.

,e;j xg; gPLk; $l xU tifapy; jtNw (ghYzHT vd;gJ rf;jpNahL mwptpay; thHj; ijfspy; $wpdhy; Mw; wypd;
xU tifNahL rk;ge;jg;gl; lJ. tpe;jZf; fNsh nghUs; tifg;gl; lJ mjhtJ Ke;ijaJ f;NtypNll;bt; (qualitative)
vdg;gLk; gz;G epiy gw; wpaJ. gpe;ijaNjh f;Ntd;l; bNll;bt; (Quantitative) vdg;gLk; msT epiyNahL njhlHGilaJ.)
Neubahf ,uz;Lk; xd;wy;y vd; w NghjpYk; kiwKfkhf ,uz;Lf;Fk; xd;NwhL kw;nwhd;Wf;F rk; ge;jKs; sJ> njhlHGs;sJ.
tp]pGyhff; fz; Zf;Fj; njuptij msg;gjd; %yk; ,d;tp]pGyhff; fz; Zf;Fj; njupahky; gpd; dzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; > ,aq;Fk;
rf;jpapd; msit msf; f Kbahjh vd;d? vd; w mh;j; jj; jpy;; (xU Fiwe; j gl;r) GupjYf; fhf Ntz;bNa khj;UG+jj; Jf;F
vOjpa me;jf; fbjj; jpy; ehd; x[i] xU f;Ntd; bNll;bt; nk]H ehk;]; MfNt ghtpj;J> ,j; jidf;Fk; x[]; xdwk;


I.f;A+ /Ngf; liug; Nghy; f;NtypNll;bt; Md nk]u; ehk;]; $l fpilahJ> f;Ntd; bNll;bt;thd xd;Nw vd;W vOjpapUe;Njd;
kw;wgb ghYzHr;rpahf ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; rf;jp vd;whNy Neubahf tpe;jZf;fspd; ntspNaw;wk; jhd; vd;w xw;iw
mHj;jj;ijNa Kd;dpiyg;gLj;j tutpy;iy.; Fiwe;j gl;rk; filrpf;Fk; filrpahf xU kdpjd; nrf;]{ty; MHf]k;
vdg;gLk; ghYzHT cr;rj;ij mile; J tpl;lhdh ,y;iyah vd;gij mwpe; J nfhs;tjw;fhd xU Gw milahskhfthtJ
tpe;jZ ntspNaw;wj;ijg; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. kw;wgbf;F ,jpYk; $l tpjp tpyf;Ffs; cz;L. mjhtJ ];fypjNk
ep;fohJ nrf;]{ty; gPf; vdg;gLk; nrf;]{ty; MHf]k; vl;lg;gLk; epfo;TfSk; cz;L. (ghHf;f gf;-192> gpugy nrf;]hy[p];L
lhf;lH ehuhaznul;bapd; capH Gj;jfk;> tpfld; gjpg;gfk; ntspaPL. Orgasm:new dimensions-author of this book dr prakash
koathaari-mumbai) ,J vq;Nfh tpjp tpyf;fhd rpy ,lqfspy; > tpjp tpyf;fhd rpy kdpjHfSf;F kl;Lk; elg; gjhifahy;
me;j tpjptpyf;Ffis tpl;L tpl;L nghJg; gilahd mstpy; kl;Lk; ghHg;NghNkahdhy; ];fypj epfo;it mjhtJ tpe; jZ
ntspNaw;w epfo;it xU nrf;]{ty; MHf]j; Jf; fhd Gw milahskhf ehk; jhuhskhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

mtH Kd;Ng $wpa gb ,ij vt;tsT rPf;fpuk; KbANkh mt;tsT rPf;fpuk; nra;J Kbf;f
Ntz;Lk; ,y;iyNay; kjj;jpd; m]; jpthuNk tpiutpy; cyf mstpy; jfu;e;J Nghfj;jhd; NghfpwJ.
tpNtfhde;jH $wpr;nrd;w mtupd; me;j vr;rupf;if thrfj;ij mtupd; thHj;ijfspNyNa
fhz;Nghk;.

tpQ;Qhd mwpTf;F Kd;id tpl mjpfr; rhjdq;fs; fpilj;Js;sd. kjq;fspd; tp]aj;jpy;
mg;gbapy;iy. mbj;jsk; jfHe;J tpl;lJ. ,d;iwa kdpjd; ntspNa vd;d nrhd;dhYk; rup
jd;dhy; ,dp vijAk; ek;g KbahJ vd;W me;juq;fj; jpy; mtDf;Fj; njupAk;. GNuhfpjH $l;lk;
ek;gr; nrhy;tjhNyh rpy E}y;fspy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;fhfNth> vijAk; ek;GtJ jw;fhy
kdpjDf;F ,ayhj fhupak;. vy;NyhUk; ek;Gtij kWg;gpd;wp Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w gyu; ,Uf;fj;jhd;
nrafp;whHfs;. Mdhy; mtHfs; rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy. vd;gJ ekf;F epr;rakhfj; njupAk;. ek;gpf;ifiag;
gw;wpa mth;fspd; fUj; ij rpe;jpf;fhj mf;fiwaw;w jd;ik vd;W nkhop ngaHf;fyhk; . kjj;jpd;
vy;yhf;fl;blq;fisAk; jfHf;fhky; ,e;jr; rz;il njhlHe;J elf;f KbahJ.

,ijj;jPHf;f top cs;sjh vdgJ jhd; Nfs;tp. ,d;Dk; njspthfr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lkhdhy;
kw;w tpQ;Qhdq;fs; gFj;jwpT Kiwapy; ep&gp;f;fg; gLtJ Nghy kjj;ij ep&gpf;f KbAkh vd;gJ
jhd; Nfs;tp. tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; Gw mwp;T tp]aq;fspy; ehk; gad;gLj;Jk; mNj Muha;r;rp
Kiwfis kj tpQ;Qhdj;jpYk; gad;gLj;j KbAkh? vd; fUj; Jg; gb ,ijr; nra;aj;jhd;
Ntz;Lk;. vt;tsT rPf;fpuj;jpy; KbANkh mt;tsT rPf;fpuk; nra;tJ ey;yJ. ,j;jifa
Muhar;rpahy; xU kjk; mopAkhdhy; ,j;jid ehSk; mJ gadw;wjhf ,Ue;jJ vd;W jhd;
nghUs;. mJ ntWk; *lek;gpf;if. vt;tsT tpiuthf mJ xopfpwNjh mt;tsT ey;yJ.
mj;jifa kjj;jpd; mopit tplr; rpwe;j fhupak; vJTk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;W jhd; ek;GfpNwd;.
,j;jifa Mua;;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf mOf;nfy;yhk; mfw;wg;gl;L kjj;jpd; rhug; gFjpfs; ntw;wpAld;
ntspg;gLk;. ,aw;gpay;> Ntjpapay; ,tw;wpd; KbTfisg; Nghy; kjKk; tpQ;Qhdg;G+Htkhfj; jpfOk;.
mJ kl;Lky;y> mtw;iw tpl typik tha;e;jjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

Nkw;fz;l gFjpfs; 18.11.1896-y; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jH ,yz;ldpy; Mw;wpa
nrhw;nghopTfspypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lit. Rthkp[p Mq;fpyj;jpy;; Mw;wpa mr;nrhw;nghopTfspd; jkpo;
efiy nrd;id ,uhk fpU];z klj;jhu; ntspapl;Ls;s Qhd jPgk; Rlu;-3 gf;-359-yps;s
gFjpiaj;jhd; ,q;F Nkw;NfhSf;fhff; vLj;Jf; fhl;bAs;Nsd;.

1896fspy; Rthkp[p vij kq;fyhd thHj;ijfspy; $wp;dhNuh mJ ,q;F G+uzkhfNt
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. my;yJ NtW thHj;ijfspy; $wpdhy; rig ehfuPfk; fhuzkhf vij
mg; gl;lkhd thHj;ijfspy; $w tpUk;ghky; G+lfkhd thHj;ijfspy; kq;fyhff; fwpg;gpl;Lr;
nrdwpUe;jhNuh mJjhd; ,d;W ,q;F mg;gl;lkhd mk;kz thHj;ijfspy; vdJ fpd;d];
g;nuhg;Nghrypd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jpUf;Fws;> njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ciu vOJtJ Nghy> khHf;rpaj;jpw;F ciu vOJtJ
Nghy Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; ,d;W ahH Ntz;LkhdhYk; vg;gb Ntz;LkhdhYk;
mtuth; mtutH ,];lj;jpw;f;Fk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpw;Fk; $l ciu vOjpf; nfhssyhk;
NghYs;sJ. Nfl;fj;jhd; ahUkp;y;iy vd Kfr; Ropg;Gld; xU kjj;JNt]j;ijf; $l ,f; fpd;d];
g;nuhg;NghrYf;nfjpuha; J}z;b> Vtp tpl Kaw;rpf;fyhk; ,jd; Nky; vjpH tpkHrdq;fs; itf;fj;
jpuhzpapy;yhNjhuhy;. Mdhy; ,J mJ Nghd;w fUj;Jf; FUlHfis Nehf;fp mj;jifa fUj;Jf;
FUlHfis ek;gp Kd; itf;fg;gLk; Kaw;rpay;y.



,d;dKk; ,e;j ,e;J kjj;jpd;; kPJ kpr;rk; kPjp ek;gpf;if itj;jpUg;NghHfs;> Rthkp
tpNtfhde;jupd; nrhw;nghopT> vOj;jf;fspd; Nky; cs;s kupahij> ek;gpf;if fhuzkhfNt
,d;dKk; ,e;j `pe;J kjj;jpd; kPJ kpr;rk; kPjp ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;s vd; Nghd;wtHfs;> Md;kpPff;
fUj; Jr; Rje;juj;jpy;> NeHikapy; ek;gpf;ifAs;stHfs;> ,j;jifa ,tHfSf;fhfNt ,tHfisg;
Nghd;wtHfSf;fhfNt ,ij Kd; itf;fpNwd;. kw;wgb ntWkNd Nghyp Mj; jpfh;spd>; Nghyp
ehj;jpfHfspd; fHz f^ukhd ntw;W Cisaply;fisg; nghUl;gLj;jj; Njitapy;iy vd;Nw
epidf;fpNwd;. Kjd; Kiwahf kdpj Fyj;jpd; tuyhw;wpNyNa Kjd; Kiwahf cz;ikahd
Mj; jpfHfSk; rup cz;ikahd ehj;jpfHfSk; rup ,Ujug;ghUNk kWf;f ,ayhjgbf;F> ,uz;L
ngUk; JUtq;fSk; jqfSf;Fs; Kuz;gl Kbahj mtw;Wf;Fs; xU ,izf;fk; Vw;gLj;jf; $ba
xU nghJ ikag; Gs;spaha; ,e;jg; g;nuhg;Nghry; tpsq;Fk; vd;Nw ek;GfpNwd;. Muk;g epiyapy;
vjpHg;Gfs; ,Ue;jhYk;> mj;Jiz vspjpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl tpy;iy vd;whYk; ePz;l neba
thjg; gpujpthjq;fSf;Fg; gpwfhtJ ,e;j Nrhjid Kaw;rp Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg; gLk; vd;Nw
ek;GfpNwd;. rup kPz;Lk; ika tp]aj;jpw;F tUNthk;.
ghYzHr;rpAk; Neur; nrytpd;wp Mw;wy; nrytpd;wp ntspg;gLtjpy;iy
(J}z;lg;gLtJkpy;iy).my;yJ Ja;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLtJkpy;iy. Kjypy; J}z;ly; vo Ntz;Lk;.
mJ mftakhf cs;spUe;Njh my;yJ Gwtakhf ntspapypUe;Njh Kjypy; J}z;ly; vo Ntz;Lk;.
mjw;Fg; gpd; J}z;lypd; vjpH tpisthd kWtpid> cr; rk;> tPo;r;rp ,it ahTk; Neur; nrytpd;wp
Mw;wy; nrytpd;wp eilngWtjpy;iy vd;gJ xUGwkpUf;f ,e;epfo;TfSf;fhd Gyd;fSk; Mw;wy;
nrytpd;wp ,aq;fp tpLtjpy;iy.

ghYzHitj; J}z;Lk; xsp CW xir ehw;wk; nka; jPz;ly; vd Ik;Gyd;fSk; ,jpy; VNjh
xU tpjj;jpy; nraY}f;fg; G+Htkhd eltbf;ifapy; ,wq;fp tpLfpd;wd. ,JTk; Neubahd
gpuj;jpal;rkhd Ik;Gyd;fspd; Ja;g; GzHtpd; thapyhfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhd xU fw;gid
eltbf;ifapd; thapyhfNth my;yJ ,d;dKk; NtW vspa Neub thHj;ijfspy; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy;
Neub clYwtpd; thapyhfNth my;yJ ikJdg; GdHr;rp vdg;gLk; Ra ,d;gk; thap;yhfNthf;
filrpapy; ghYwT cr;rk; vdg;gLk; epiwTW fl;lj;ij vl;Lfp;wJ. clw; nraypay; tpjpfspd; gb
ghYwT cr;rk; vdg;gLk; nrf;]{ty; MHf]j;jpw;F rk;ge;jgl;l midj;J cWg;GfSk; (Gyd;fSk;)
,aq;fpNaahf Ntz;Lk; me;j tifapy; ,e;j cly; ghYzHTj; Ja;g;gpw;fhf ,aq;Ftjw;F
Ntz;ba Mw;wy; nryTfisf; fNyhupfshf mse;jhy; mJ mg;gb xd;Wk; gpukhz;lkhd Mw;wy;
nrytha; ,Uf;fhJ vdgijNa etPd mwptpaypd; Mw;wy; fzf;fPLfs; fhz;gpf;Fk; *****
2


xUNtis rhjhuzkhf ekJ kw;w clw; nray; eltbf;iffSf;F Mtij tplf; Fiwthd>
kpf kpff; Fiwthd (kw;w clw; nray; eltbf;iffSf;F MtNjhL xg;gpl;lhy; kpf mw;g msT)
Mw;wy; nrytha; $l ,Uf;ff; $Lk;. fLikahd clYiog;gpy; <LgLNthH> ru;tNjr mstpy;
ntw;wp ngWk; tpisahl;L tPuHfs;> tPuhq;fidfs; ,th;fspd; ghYzHT rhuhj kw;w clw; nray;
Mw;wy; nrytPLfis ghYzHTj;Ja;g; gpw;fhd clw; nray; eltbf;ifNahL xg;gpl;NlhNkahdhy;
xg;gPl;lstpy; gpe;ijaNj gpd; jq;fpapUf;f NeHe;jpUg;gij ehk; czu NeupLk;.

,e;j ,lj;jpy; Kd;dhs; Nrhtpaj; A+dpadpd; kPu; gjpg;gf ntspaPL xd;wpy; (why Im like
my dad) gbj;jf; fUj;njhd;W jhd; epidtpw;F TUfpwJ. mij ,q;F mg;gbNa Nkw;Nfhs;
fhl;bg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tJ rhyg;nghUe;Jkhifahy; rw;W mijAk; ghHg;Nghk;.

19-k; E}w;whz;L capupay; ty;YeHfs; (kugpayhsHfs;) nry;fspy; cs;s kuG rq;Nfjq;fis
(mjhtJ [Pd;fisf;) fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhd ePz;l khuj;jhd; Nghl;bapy; ,Ue;j mNj nghOJ
ngsjpfj;jpYk; fjpH tPr;R ,af;fj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jdH. mf;fjpH tPr;R ,af;fj; ij (,J ,g;nghOJ
fjpupaf;fk; vd miof;fg;gLtjhy; ,dp ehKk; fjpupaf;fk; vd;Nw miog;Nghk;) nry; cWg;Gfsp;d;
kPJk;; gpuNahfpj;J tpisTfis Muha;e;jdH. Tpisthfr; nry;fspd; [Pd;fSf;Fs; epiwa rLjp
(jpBH)khw;wf;fpupiafSk; J}z;lg;gl;ld. fjpH tPr;rpd; tpisT nry;fis kuzj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ
Gjpa kuGg; nghUs; kw;Wk; gz;G Mf;fj; jpw;Nfh ,l;Lr; nrd;wd. ngUk;ghYk; nry;fSf;F msg;ghpa
Nrjj;ijAk; kuzj;ijANk tpistpj;jikahy; capUf;F CW tpistpf;fhj xU ghJfhg;G
kl;lj;jpyike;j fjpH tPr;R vt;tsT vd;W msf;f Ntz;ba xU NjitAk; vOe;jJ (gupNrhjpj;j
tpQ;Qhdp;fisAk; $l ,J tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy. rw;Nwwf;Fiwa ,jw;fhf xU 100
tpQ;QhdpfshtJ jq;fsJ ,d;Dapiu mHg;gzk; nra;jpUg;ghHfs;).



Kbthff; fjpH tPr;rpd; msT uhz;;l;n[d; vd;w (mijf; fz;Lgpbj;jtupd; ngauhNyNa)
myfhy; msf;fg;gl;lJ. ghY}l;bfspd; vy;yh rpw;wpdq;fSf;Fk; kuzk; tpistpf;Fk; fjpH tPr;rpd;
msT gy E}W uhz;l;n[d;fs; vdg; gupNrhjidfs; fhl;bd. tpNrl rpfpr;ir Kiwfspd;wp ve;j
xU ghY}l;bAk; 1000 uhz;l;n[d;l; msitg; ngw;W capH tho KbahJ. kdpjDk; ,jw;F
tpjptpyf;fy;y. rup gy E}W uhz;l;n[d;l;fs; vd;gJ vt;tsT ngupa msT Mw;wy; ? ,e;j Mw;wypd;
msitg; gw;wp xU njspthd fUj;ijg; ngw mij ehk; ekf;F ed;F mwpKfkhd gpw myFfspy;
$w Ntz;Lk;.

ngsjpfthjpfs; gy tifahd Mw;wy;fisawpthHfs;. mtw;wpy; xt;nthd;Wk; mjw;Nf
cupa myFfshy; (cjhuzkhf ntg;gk; fNyhupfshYk; kpd;rhuk; fpNyh thl;-kzpfshYk;)
msf;fg;gLfpdwd. mjdhy; vy;yh tifahd Mw;wy;fisAk; xd;iw kw;nwhd;whf khw;w KbAk;.
ntg;gj;ij kpd;rhukhfTk; kpd;rhuj;ij ntg;gkhfTk; khw;wyhk;. vj;jid fpNyh thl; kzpfs; xU
fNyhupf;Fr; rkk; vd;gJ ekf;Fj; njupe;jNj. madPfuzpf;Fk; fjpH tPr;rpd; Mw;wiyAk; gpw tif
Mw;wy;fshf khw;wyhk;.

kuzk; tpistpf;ff; $basTf;F kdpj clyhy; fpufpf;fg; gLk; fjpH tPr;R Mw;wy; ,og;G
VJkpd;wp ntg;gkhfNth kpd;rf;jpahfNth khw;wg;gl;lhy; mijf; nfhz;L vd;d nra;a Kbak;?! xU
Nfhg;igj; jz;zPiu ntg;gg;gLj;j mij cgNahfpj;jhy; mJ jz;zPupd; ntg;g epiyia xNu xU
nrz;bfpNuL jhd; caHj;Jk;. 25 thl;];; gy;G xd;iw vupa itf;f mij kpd;rhukhf khw;wpdhy;
mJ miu epkplq;fSf;Fj;jhd; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. Kbthf capHf;fpupiafisg; guhkupg;gjw;F
,e;j Mw;wy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; (capupdq;fs; Mw;wiy ,il tplhJ gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.) 6
tpehbfSf;Nf NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;) ,t;tsT mw;g msT Mw;wy; jhd; ,Wjpapy;; kdpj
capUf;Nf ciy itf;ff; $ba mstpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpwJ.

*****
2
(,e;j xU ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; ehd; ,d;iwa etPd kdpjidf; fzf;fpy; nfhs;shky; ,d;iwa
etPd kdpjid xU tpjp tpyf;fha; tpl;L tpl;L ,Jtiuapyhd xl;L nkhj;j khDl tuyhw;wpd; gb ghH;f;f
Ntz;LfpNwd;. tpisahl;L tPuHfisj; jtpu kw;w midj;J Vida kdpjHfs; midtUk; mNefkhf vy;yh
clYiog;G eltbf;iffspypUe;Jk; me;epakhf;fg;gl;L tpl;l ,d;iwa ,ae;jpukakhd cyfpy; etPd
kdpjh;fSf;F Nkw;$wpa tpjp Kw;w KOf;fg; nghUe;jhJ vd;gjhy; ,e;j xU ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; etPd kdpjid
Nkw;Fwpj;j fUj;J tifNahL xg;gplhky; ekJ xg;gPLfisj;J}u xJf;fp itj;J tpl;Lg; ghHg;Nghk;. ,d;iwa
etPd kdpjidg; nghUj;jtiu jPtpukhd clw; nraypay; ,e;j cjhuzj;ij Vd; ,q;F ,t;tsT
,e;jstpw;F typAWj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ vd;why; kdpj kdKk; gy jsq;fspy; nray;gLfpwJ.
czHT epiyapYk; czHT fle;j epiyapYk; vdg; gy jsq;fspy; nray;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ NtW
vspa thHj;ijfspy; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; tpopg;Gld; $ba edT epiyapYk;> Mo;e;j cwf;f
epiyapYk>; cwf;fj; jpYk; $l rpy Neuq;fspy; fdT epiyapYk;> rpy Neuq;fspy; fdTfsw;w
Mo;e;j ep;j;jpiuapYk; vdg; gy tpjkhd jsq;fspy;> epiyfspy; nray;gLfpwJ. nray;ghlw;w epiy
vd;gJ mNefkhf ,y;iy.

vd;d nray;ghl;bd; jPtpuk;> msT kl;Lk; khWgLfpwJ. mlf;fp itf;fg;gl;l ek; Mo; kd
,r;irfs; tpUg;G> ntWg;Gfs;> gak;> Nfhgk;> ghYzHT Nghd;w mbg;gil czHTfs; cwf;fj;jpd;
Nghjhd fdT epiyapy; kPz;Lk; fpswg;gLfpd;wd my;yJ jpUj;jp mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,it Mo;e;J cwq;Fk; NghJ $l ekJ kdk; VNjh xU tpjj;jpy;> tifapy; nray;gl;Lf;
nfhz;bUg; gijNa Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;j nray;ghLfisnay;yhk; jhz;b jhd;
cwf;fj;jpd; NghJ VNjh xU tpj mikjpiaAk;> epidTfsw;w xUtpj Vfhe;j epiyiaAk; ehk;
czHfpNwhk; J}q;fp vOe;jJk;. mjhtJ cwf;fKk; $l Kw;w Kof;f fdTfSlNdNa mike;J
tpLtjpy;iy. mg;gb mikANkahdhy; mjw;Fg; ngaH cwf;fk; vd;Wk; ngaupy;iy. mjhtJ
kPz;Lk; RUq;ff; $wpd; cwf;fk; vd;gJ ntWk; Xa;T kl;Lky;y. Xa;Tld; $ba xU jw;fhypf
tpLgly;. mjhtJ ekJ vy;yh gpur;idfspypUe;Jk;> epidTfspypUeJk;> vz;zq;fspypUe;Jk;
tpLgl;l> ve;j tpj epidTr; RikfSk; mw;w> kd cisr;ry; mOj;jq;fs; mw;w xU tpj #d;a
epiy vd;W $l $wyhk;.

,e;j ve;j epidTfSkw;w #d;a epiyapy; ,Ug; gJ vd;gJ (,JNt jpahdj;jpYk;
typAWj;jg;gLfpwJ.) jpdk; jpdk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhy fjpapy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhy msTf;fhtJ xU
kdpjDf;F eilngw;why; jhd; mtdJ clYk; kdKk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Gj;Jzhr;rpAld; nrayhw;w
KbAk;. mjhtJ xU ehspd; 24 kzp Neuj;jpy; Fiwe;j gl;rkhf %is ciog;G vd;why; xU 5 6


kzp NeukhtNjh my;yJ clYiog;G vd;why; xU 7>8 kzp NeukhtJ vd;Nwh xU G+uz
cwf;fj;ij mDgtpj;N;jahf Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbnahU fl;lha epu;ge;jk; ek; midtUf;FNkAs;sJ.
mg;NghJ jhd; mLj;j ehs; nrytpLtjw;fhd Mw;wy; nryTfis ekJ clYk; <Lfl;l KbAk;.
vt;tsT fNyhup Mw;wy; nrytplg;gLfpwNjh mt;tsT fNyhup Mw;wiy kPz;Lk; ngwNth my;yJ
czT+l;lj;jpd; %yk; Vw;fdNtNag; ngwg;gl;l Mw;wiyf; nfhz;L tsHrpij khw;wj;jhy; rpije;j
cly; nry;fisg; GJg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;sNth ,aYk;. Mdhy; ghYzHNthL Nghuhl;lk; vd;w
epiyghNlh kdpj kdj;jpd; cwf;fr; rkd;ghl;ilNa mbNahL rPHFiyj;JtpLfpwJ.


,J NkYk; NkYk; ,iltplhj Mw;wy; tpuaj;jpw;Nf ,l;Lr; nry;fpwJ. njhlH tpistha; NrhHT>
fisg;G> tpuf;jp> gak>; Nfhgk>; vupr;ry; Nghd;w ,d;d gpw vjpH kiw czHr;rpfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr;
nry;fpwJ. ,t;ntjpHkiw czHr;rpfs; jk; gq;Ff;F mitAk; nkd;NkYk; Mw;wy; tpiuaj;jpw;Nf
,Wjpapy; ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wd. Mff; $l;bf; fopj;J ,Wjpahfg; ghHf; ifapy; (xUNtis vjpHfhyj;jpy;
,it ,d;dKk; Jy;ypakhdnjhU Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;l;lhy;) ghYzHTj; Ja;g; gpd; %yk; tpuakhff;
$ba Mw;wy; nrytpidf; fhl;bYk; mijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tpise;j Nghuhl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l
Mw;wy; tpiuaNk xg;gPl;lstpy; kpf kpf mjpfk; vd;W $lf; fzf;fPLfs; fhz;gpf;ff; $Lk;.
(Kiwahd Ma;T xd;wpd; %yk; ,t;thw;wy; nryTfs; cupa fzf;fPL KiwfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;
gl;rj;jpy;)

,ijf; $Wtjw;F xUtUf;F Neubahd (mwptpay; tifg;gl;l) fzf;fPl;L Ma; T KiwNa
Njitapy;iy. MHtk; cs;s vtH xUtUk; jk;ikj; jhNk xU Ma; Tg; nghUsha; Nrhjidf;F
cl;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhNy NghJk;. ngupa gf;fhthd> Kiwg;gbahd ngj;j ngj;j mwptpay; top
tifg;gl;l ve;j xU Ma; Tf;Fk; mtrpak; ,y;yhkNyNa> jk; nrhe;j mDgtj;jpd; thapyhfNt
vtu; xUtUk; czuKbAk;. vd;d? Mdhy; mjw;F cyf mstpyhd xU mq;fPfhu Kj;jpiu
fpilf;fhnjd;gjhy; mwptpay; topj; jpirg; gLj;jg;gl;l xU Ma;T KiwAk; ,d;wpaikahj;
NjitahfpwJ.





*****
2
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kdpjDf;Fk; ehisa cyfpd; ngUk;ghyhd midj;J kdpjHSf;Fk; $l Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l me;jf; fUj;J
Rj;jkhfg; nghUe;jhJ vd;Nw $wyhk;. )







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nghWj;jtiu fhuzk; fhZk; jHf;f mwpTf;Nf Kjd;ikahd ,lk; nfhLg;gH. fhuzk fhZk;
jHf;f mwpT vDk; kjpw;RtUf;F mg;ghy; kdpj kdk; nray;glf; $ba jsk; vd;W VJkpy;iy vd
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NghjpYk;> ,e;jpaj; jj;Jt Qhdpfs; ngU Kaw;rp vLj;J mjw;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;l mg;gbgl;l xU
jsk; cz;L vd ep&gpj;Js;sdH. vd;ghH Rthkp tpNtfhde;jH. mjhtJ kdpj kdk;
nray;glf;$ba jsq;fisg; gw;wpa VNjh xU rHr;ir tpthjj;jpw;fhf Rthkp[p mijf; $w
te;jpUf;fyhk;. mJTk; vq;Nfh rpy tpjp tpyf;fhd ,lq;fspy; > rpy tpjptpyf;fhd kdpj
kdq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gl;ljha; $l ,Uf;fyhk;. Nahfpfs;> rpj;jHfs; vd;fpwhHfNs mg;gbg; gl;l
kdpjHfspd; kdq;fisg; gw;wpajha; $l ,Ue;jpUf;;fyhk;. my;yJ b];ftup Nrdypy;
fhz;gpf;fpwhHfNs rpy mrhj;jpa #g;gH kdpjHfis mg;gbg; gl;l kdpjHfSf;fhdjha; ,Uf;fyhk;.

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vd;w NghjpYk; ehk; ,g;NghJ me;jg; gf;fk; ek; ftdj;ijj; jpir jpUg;gg; Nghtjpy;iy.
mjpypUe;J tpyfp fhuz fhupar; rq;fpypj; njhlH vd;w ,e;j kl;lj;NjhL; kl;Lk; epd;W nfhz;L
rw;W mZfp myrpg; gHhg;Nghk;. nkl;Bupay; ird;]; vdg;gLk; etPd Nkw;fj;jpa mwptpay; ,e;jg;
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epfo;fpd;wd vd;fpwJ. mJ Mg;gpisf; fPNo tpo itf;Fk; ngsjpf> Gtp<Hg;G tpirahfl;Lk;
my;yJ kdpj Fyj;jpd; (fhyq; fhykhf elf;Fk;> ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;) tHf;fg; Nghuhl;lj;ij
ce;jpj; js;Sk; r%ftpay; tpirfshfl;Lk; midj;Jk; mwptpay; tpjpfSf;Fl;gl;Nl epfo;fpd;wd
vd;fpwJ my;yJ vdf;F ,d;Dk; trjpahd NtW thHj;ijfspy; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy; epfo; jfT
tpjpfSf;Fl;gl;Nl epfo;fpd;wd vd;Ngd;. (xU Rthu];aj;jpw;fhf ghHf;fTk; xg;gplTk;- minority
report holly wood pictures tamil dubbing)

me;j tifapy; kdpj kdq;fspd; Fw;wtpay; kNdhghq;ifAk; epfo; jfT tpjpfSf;F
cl;gl;l xd;W jhd; vd ehk; jhuhskhf thjpl KbAk;. Vnddpy; rup> jtW> ey;yJ> nfl;lJ>
Fw;wk;> Fw;wkw;wJ> ew;gpuNahfk;> J];gpuNahfk; vd;w kdpjdpd; ,e;j nrhy;yhly;fs;> ,JNghd;w
nrhy;yhly;fSk; fUj; jpay;fSNk $l Kjypy; xU tifapy; rhHghdit jhd;. mt;tsT Vd;
fhyNk $l rhHghd xd;W jhd; vd;fpwJ etPd mwptpay;. (Id;];Bdpd; etPd rhHgpay; jj;Jtk;
***3) Mf ,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; ,Uf;Fk; tiu kdpj Fyj;jpd; ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lKk; ,Ue;Nj jPUk;.

kdpj Fyj;jpd; Njhw;WthapypUe;J mjd; ,Wjp mopT tiu Kw;Wk; Nghl ,ayhj> Vd;
vd tpsf;f ,ayhj vj;jidNah gy mbg;gil Vd;? fNshL kdpj kdq;fspd; Fw;wtpay; kNdh
ghq;ifAk; ehk; NrH;j;Njf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. me;j tifapy; ve;jf; fz;Lgpbg;ghfl;Lk; mJ vt;tsT
caHe;j mwptpay; njhopy; El;gkhfl;Lk; mjidAk; xU Kiw> (vijAk; xU Kiw xNu xU
KiwahtJ Fiwe;j gl;rk; xNu xU KiwahtJ>) J];gpuNahfk; nra;J ghHj;jhy; jhd; vd;d?
vd;d nfl;LtpLk;> Fbah KOfpg; Ngha;tpLk;? vd;w ,g;gbg;gl;l xU MHtf; NfhshW
fhuzkhfthtJ J];gpuNahfk; nra;Nj jPUthd; .; mg;gbg;gl;l tf;fpu Gj;jp kdpjHfSf;Fk;
gQ;rkpy;yhjJ jhd; ,e;j khDl r%fk;. cyfk;.;

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tpy; mk;G fj;jp Jg;ghf;fp vd mZFz;L tiu xU khngUk; njhopy; El;gg; gha;r;rNy Vw;gl;L
tpl;l ,e;j etPd 21-k; E}w;whz;bYk; ,d;DKk; ,Nj jhd; fjp. ,dpAk; vjpH fhyj;jpYk; $l
,JNt jhd; tpjpahapUf;fg; NghfpwJ> mijAk; ,Ue;J ghHf;fj; jhd; NghfpNwhk; . epA+l;ldpd; 3-
tJ tpjp ntWk; ngsjpfj;jpw;F kl;LNk nghUe;jf; $bajd;W. r%ftpaypYk; mJ gy ,lq;fspy;
mt;tg;NghJ jdJ Vsd ieahz;bia ntspg;gLj;JtJ cz;L. ek;kpy; gyu; czu;e;jpUf;ff;
$Lk;.

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vDk; gl;rj;jpy;> mg;gbj; J];gpuNahfk; nra;jij mt;tsT vspjpy; ep&gpf;fTk; ,ayhJ vDk;
#oy; vOk; gl;rj;jpy;> my;yJ mg;gbNa mij ep&gzk; nra;a VNjDk; khw;W top tiffNs
fz;lgpbf;fg;gl;lhYk; mijAk; ,d;Dk; rpf;fy; kpFe;j ,lHghL epiwe;j xd;wha; khw;w ,aYk;
vDk; gl;rj;jpy;. mJ tiu vdJ ,e;jg; g;nuhg;NghrYf;fhd xU Maj;j Kd;NjitAk;
(ready made need); vg;NghJk; ,Ue;Nj jPUk;. ,j;jidf;Fk; Kjy; Mjhuj; Jtf;fg; gps;isahH


Ropg; Gs;sp ,jd; J];g; uNahf epfo;T vd;gNj. mJ vq;Nf ahuhy; vg;NghJ vg;gb epfo;j;jg;gLk;
vd;gJ NtW tp]ak;. ahNuDk; xU kdpjd; vq;NfDk; xU ,lj;jpy; vg;NghjhtJ xU KiwahtJ
J];gpuNahfk; nra;Nj jPUthd;. xU jPHf;fjuprd N`];ak; Nghy; ,ij kl;Lk; cWjpahff; $w
KbAk;. mg;gb xU fl;lha epfo;T epfOk; NghJ mij vjpH nfhs;sj; Njitahd xU Kd;;
jahupg;G> jPHT ek;kplk; ek; ifapy; cs;sjh? vd;gNj vd; Nfs;tp.

Iah ehd; xd;Wk; fzpj Nkijay;y. Gs;sp tpguj;NjhL Mjhuj;NjhL mbj;Jg; Ngr.
mg;gbAk; fzpjtpay; tpjpfspd; nry;Ygbnay;yhk; czHtpy;yhj [lg; nghUs;fspd; tp]aj;jw;F
Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kw;w KOf;f 100 rjtPjj; Jy;ypaj;Jld; nghUe;jp tuyhNknahopa*****4
czu;Ts;s capHg; nghUs;fspd; tp]aj;jpw;fy;y. ve;j tpQ;Qhdj;jhyhtJ ,J tiu vdf;F
,j;jid fpNyh re;Njh]k; ,j;jid fpNyh Jf;fk; vd kdpj kdq;fspd; czHr;rpia mse; J
$w Kbe;jpUf;fpwjh? kdk; vd;gjw;Nf.... kdk; vd;gJ Kjypy; xU Ez;zpa `hHLNtuh rhg;l;Ntuh
vd;gjw;Nf xU rhpahd tiuaiwiaj; ju Kbahky; jhNd jLkhWfpwJ*****5. ,g;NghJ jhd;
mg;gb msg;gjw;fhd mwptpay; mbg;gilfis Nehf;fpNa tpQ;Qhdk; xU jspH eil jto;Tg;
gazj;ijNaj; Jtq;fpAs;sJ> mjhtJ mjd; Muk;gf; fl;l epiyapYs;sJ vd;W Ntz;Lkhdhy;
$wyhk;.

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ml;ltiziaj; jahupj;Jf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f KbahJ ikdhupl;b upg;NghHl; ,q;fpyP]; glk;
khjpupnay;yhk;. ird;]; gpf;]d; rpdpkhTf;F Ntz;Lkhdhy; mg;gbnay;yhk; rhj;jpag;glyhk;. ruL
tplyhk;> GUlh tplyhNk xopa ep[j;jpy; my;y. my;yJ mg;gbNa ep[j;jpYk; rhj;jpak; vd;whYk;
mz;ikf; fhy mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; tuk;ngy;iyfSf;Fs; my;y. vd;w NghjpYk; Fw;w
epfo;TfSf;fhd rhjf mk;rq;fis Kbe;jtiu> $Lkhd tiu vg;gbnay;yhk; Fiwf;fyhk;>
Fiwf;f KbAk; vd;gijahtJ mwptpay; mbg;gilapyhd xU myryha; Nkw;nfhs;sTk; mjd;
mbg;gilapy; rpy Kd; vr;rupf;if eltbf;iffis Kd;$l;;bNa Kd;nkhopaTk; KbAk;. ,e;jg;
gpd;Gyj;JlNdNa vdJ ,e;jg; g;nuhg;Nghriy ghHitapl Ntz;LfpNwd;.

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jtpu ehNd> vdJ g;nuhg;NghrNy xU Neubj; jPHthfp tpl KbahJ. cz;ikapy; ,d;W etPd
mwptpay; vijAk; Vd; vjw;F vg;gb vd;W kl;Lkpy;yhky; vd;d vq;Nf vg;NghJ mg;gbah?
vd;Wk; tpupthd (mNj rkak; mOj;jkhd Mokhd) Nfs;tpfis Kd; itf;fpwJ. mg;gb vd;why;
,J vg;gbr; rhj;jpak;> epfOk;? ve;j mbg;gilapy; ,ijr; nrhy;fpwPHfs; ? ,J epfo;tjw;fhd
epfo;jfTr; rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; ve;jstpw;F cs;sJ? vd;Wk; fwhuhff; Nfl;fpwJ. mNefkhf
r%ftpaypy; ,j;jifa murpay; jPHf;f juprdq;fis> N`];aq;fis Kjd; Kjypy; mwptpay;
mbg;gilapy; kl;Lky;yhky; rpj;jhe;j jj;JthHj;j uPjpahfTk; tpdtp> gFj;J> myrp> Muha;e;J xU
jPHf;fj; juprdj;Jld; ,jw;fhd gjpy;fis Kd;nkhope;jtH mtu me; ;jg; gpjhkfu; (khHf;];) jhd;.

mtUf;F Kd; ,Ue;jtHfisg; Nghy; mtH rpy;yiuf; fhuzq;fisAk;> gjpy;fisAk;>
jPHTfisAk; nkhope;jtuy;yH. Neha; ehb> Neha; Kjy; ehbatH. mtupd; mj;jifa mwptpay;
topKiwfis r%f tpQ;Qhdj;jpy; ,d;iwaf; fhyf; fl;lj;jpYk; kpFe;j mf;fiwNahLk;> mwpT
NeHikNahLk; Mo;e;J njspe;j jPHf;f juprdk; NghYk; Kd; ciug;ghiu fhz Kbtjpy;iy.

,q;F epfo;jfTf; Nfhl;ghL vd;w fzpjtpay; tpQ;Qhdj;ijr; rw;W tk;Gf;F ,Og;gjw;Ff;
rupahd fhuzkpy;yhky; ,y;iy. ,f;]p J];gpuNahf epfo;ntd;gJ VNjh xU ehzak; Rz;Ljypy;
cs;s G+th? jiyah? Nghd;w xU vspa epfo;jfty;y. mJ rpf;fyhdnjhU r%ftpay; Fw;wtpay;
epfo;jfT. ehzak; Rz;Ljyhfl;Lk; my;yJ xU gfiliar; Rz;Ljyhfl;Lk; ,e;epfo;Tfspy;
tpisT ,d;dnjd jpl;ltl;lkhfj; njupe;j xd;W. mLj;jjhf mJ mjpfk; [lg;nghUspd;
,af;ftpay; tpjpfNshL rk;ge;jgl;;lJ. capupay; cyfpd; ,aq;F tpjpfNshL Neubahfj; njhlu;G
,y;yhjJ. nghUs; vd;whNy mJ rpy Fzq;fNshL rk;ge;jgl;l xd;W vd;W jhd; mh;j;jk;.
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,uz;bYNkNa kpf Ez;zpa mu;j;jj;jpy;> tbtj;jpy; nghUspd; ,d;ndhU gupkhdKk; fzf;fpy;
vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg; gLfpwJ. `pe;Jj; jj;Jtr; rpe;jidfspd;; xU Fwpg;gpl;l gpuptpd; mu;j;jg;gLj;jy;
gb (mjhtJ mj;itj rpj;jhe;jj; jj;Jtg;gb vd;W $lf; $wyhk;.) ,e;jg; gpugQ;rNk flTspd;
cly; Nghyj; jhd;. mjd;gb nghUs;fSf;F Fzk; vd;w gz;G cs;sjhy; flTSf;Fk; ,uz;L
epiyfs; cz;L vd;W NgRfpwJ. mjhtJ Fzq;fNshLk; Fzq;fsw;Wk;. ,ij rFz gpuk;kk;


epu;Fzg; gpuk;kk; vd;w ,uz;L thu;j;ijfshy; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. kpf cau; njhopy; El;g mwptpaYk;
,ij VNjh xU tpjj;jpy; epidT+l;LtJ Nghy njhl;Lr; nry;fpwJ. gpugQ;r Mjp fzj;ijg; gw;wp
NgRifapy; ,j;jifa rhay;fs; njdgLtij czu KbAk;.

mj;itjj;jpd; mbehjNk. ,Ug;gJ xd;Nw. mJTk; ePNa vd;gJNt. Vfk; j;jJt k]p.
mjdhy; jhd; ,e;J kjj;jpd; kw;w 2 gpuptpdUk; mij ehj;jpf rpe;jid vd;W $lf; $Wtu;.
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mlf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;s ,lk; vd;w gpupT $lf; fpilahJ. ,Ug;gJ xd;Nw. mJTk; ePNa.
khiaapdhNyNa ,g;gpugQ;rk; ehdhtpjkhd Fz Ngjq;fSld; ,Ug; gjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ ekf;F
vdf; $Wk; ,e;J kjk;. ,jdhy; jhd; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jiur; re;jpj;j (mtuJ nrd;id
tp[aj;jpd; NghJ) nrd;idg; gz;bju; xUtu; mtuplk; Rthkp midj;Jk; xNu guk; nghUspd; gy
tbtk; vdpy; vy;yhk; ty;y me;jg; guk; nghUs; Vd; ,j;jid tbt Ngjq;fSld; fhl;rpaspf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd xU Nfs;tp Nfl;fpwhu;. Mdhy; Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju; mjw;F mspj;j gjpy;>
gukhu;j;jpfg; ngU epiyapy; ,f; Nfs;tp vOtjw;Nf ,lkpy;iy. mJ vd;d gukhu;;j;jpfg; ngU
epiyNah? fpl;lj;jl;l ,d;iwa cau; mwptpay; jj;JtKk; ,Nj rhay;fSld; mbg;gil
tp~aq;fisg; gw;wpg; NgRk; NghJ epidTl;LfpwJ. Id;];Bdpd; rhu;gpay; jj;Jtf; fz;L
gpbg;Gf;Fg; gpd; nghUSk; rf;jpAk; ntt;Ntwy;y. xNu tp~aj;jpd; ,uz;L epiyfs;. Mf
rhuhk;rj;jpy; xd;Nw vd MfpwJ. mg;nghOJk; ,lk; (mjhtJ ntsp-];Ng];) kpQ;RfpwJ. ,lk;
nghUs; vd;w ,uz;L mbg;gil tp~aq;fshf xU Kuz; vOfpwJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ cau; etPd
mwptpay;> nghUs; vd;gNj $l ,lj;jpd; eRf;fk; my;yJ ntspjhd; eRq;fpj; jpupe;J nghUshfTk;
fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ vd;Wk; xU $w;iw Kd; itf;fpwJ. mg;gbg; ghu;j;jhy; mj;itjj;NjhL
mwptpaYk; xj;jpirtjhfNt Njhd;WfpwJ. [d;];Bdp;d; e=mc
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jpupgw ep&gpf;fg; gl;l ,d;W mwptpay; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l cz;ikahfptpl;lNjh mNj Nghy; xU
ehs; ntsp (];Ng];) NtW> nghUs; Ntwy;y> ntsp jhd; eRq;fp (my;yJ jpupe;J> cUkhwp
nghUshf cUntLj;Js;sJ vd;gJk; ep&gpf;fg; gl;Ltpl;lhy; mj;itjk; ngha;ay;y> mJTk;
vd;Nwh czu;e;J fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l xU rpj;jhe;jk; jhd;> VNjh nghj;jhk; Nghf;fpy; Nghfpw
Nghf;fpy; nrhy;yptpl;Lg; Nghd twl;Lf; FUl;L rpj;jhe;jk; my;y vd;gJTk; ep&gzkhFk;. mJ
tiu ,e;j midj;J rz;il> Njly;fSk; ,Ue;J nfhz;L jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.

,q;F ,e;jpahtpy; nghJthf Nahf rh];jpuj;jpy; ,g;gb xU $w;W cz;L. mjhtJ fz
Neuk; vd;gJk; fy;g fhyk; vd;gJTk; Nahfpf;F xd;Nw vd. ,J kl;Lk; Nkw;fj; jpa etPdf;
fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; mwpKfj;jpw;F Kd;dNu ,q;F ,e;jpahtpy; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;Fkhapd;> ,e;j xU
fUj;Jf;fhfNt `pe;J kjj;ij kpfTk; kjpg;Ngd; . vd;dhy; mij Kw;wp Yk; xJf;fptpl ,ayhJ.
cyf rpj;jhe;j> jj;Jtq;fspd; mzptupirapy; vj;jidNah rpj;jhe;jq;fs;> jj;Jtq;fs;
Njhd;wpapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtw;Ws; vd;WNk moptpy;yhj mkuj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; cupa rpwg;igg;
ngwg; Nghfpw rpj;jhe;jkha;> ehisa mwptpay; cyfpd; mq;fPfuj;jpw;Fk; kupahijf;Fk; jFjp
cila rpj;jhe;jkha; vJ tpsq;fg; NghfpwJ vd;gjpy; jhd; kdpj Fyj;jpd; gupzhk KOikAk;
mlq;fp cs;sJ. ,d;Dk; Fwpg;ghd nkhopfspy; $w Ntz;Lkhdhy;> ,diwa etPd mwptpaYf;F
gpugQ;r Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk;> ,af;fj; jpw;Fk; (mjhtJ rpU~;b> gilg;G vd;gtw;wpw;F> mjhtJ ,d;dKk;
njspthd> fwhuhd thu;j;ijfspy; Fwpg;gpLtJ vd;why;) kjk; Fwpg;gpLk> my;yJ kjthjpfshd
Mj; jpfu;fs; Fwpg;gpLtJ Nghy gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy;> kiwj;jy;> mUsy; vd;w ,e;j 5
njhopy;fSf;Fk; jdpNa flTs; vd xUtu; Njitapy;iy. flTs; kpf mjpfkhdtu;. ntWk;
mwptpay; tpjpfNs NghJk;. me;j mwptpay; tpjpfNs NghJk;. mit rhfh tuk; ngw;wit. Njit
vOk; #oypy; mit jhNk jk;ik cRg;gpg; gilj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; vDksTf;F mjPj ehj;jpfj;
jd;ikapd; mRu nebiag; ngw;W tUfpwJ. Mf Mj;jpfu;fs; kl;Lky;y> ehj;jpfu;fSk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sj; jf;f rpj;jhe;jNk tUq;fhyj;jpy; ntw;wpaila KbAk;. me;j tifapy; mj;itjr;
rpj;jhe;jk; kl;LNk mij epiwT nra;af; $ba tifapy; cs;sijAk; ,q;Ff; Fwpg;gpl;lhf
Ntz;Lk;.

,Nj Rthkp tpNtfhde;jUk; $l jk; nrhw;nghopnthd;wpNyh my;yJ mtuJ
vOj;Jf;fspNyNah Nfl;ghu; ,g;gb xU Nfs;tp. ehd; Vd; ey;nyhOf;fk; tha;;e;jtdha; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;? ehd; Vd; ghtk; nra;tjw;F mQ:Rgtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;? fhuz fhupaj;
jj;Jtthjpfs; ,jw;Fg; nghUe;jp tuf;$ba xU ju;f;f mbg;gilapy; nry;Ygbahfj; jf;f xU
gjpiyr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.



mwptpaYk; ehzak; Rz;Ljnyd;why; rk tha;g; Gs;s ,uz;Nl ,uz;L tpisTfs; kl;LNk
epfo KbAk vd;Wk;;. gfilnad;why;; rk tha;g; Gs;s MNw 6 tpisTfs; jhd; epfo KbAk; vd;w
jpl;l tiuaiwAk; cs;s epfo;jfT. Mdhy; mJTk; xU Neuj;jpy; xNunahU tpisT kl;LNk
Mdhy; me;j xNu xU epfo;T fz;bg;ghf cj;juthjkhf 100 rjtPjk; epfo KbAk;> epfo;e;Nj
jPUk; vd;w jpl;l tiuaiw cs;sJ> epge;jidfs;> epfo tplhky; jLf;Fk; fhuzpfs; vd;W
VJkpy;iy. (tpspk;G Xuq;fspy; eRf;fk;> ePl;rp VJkpd;wp cUtpYk; mstpYk; xNu juk;> vilapy;
jahupf;fg;gl;litaha; mit ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;.) vz;zpf;ifapy 2>6 vd tha;g; Gfspd;
vz;zpf;ifapy; FiwT ,Ue;jhYk; mit epfo;e;Nj jPUk;. Mdhy; rpf;fyhd ,f;]p J];gpuNahfk;
Nghd;w r%ftpay; epfo;Tfspy;?

,jw;F epfo;jfT vd;why; vd;d? mjd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs;> tiffs; ahit? vd;w
ekJ Gupjy;fspNyNa rw;W Mok; Njitg;gLfpwJ. mg;gbg; gl;l Mokhd epfo;jfTf; Nfhl;ghl;L
tpjpfSf; nfy;yhk; Ntz;lhk; (,jw;Nf rhjhuz thrfHfs; vq;Nf Xl;lk; gpbj;j tpLthH;fNsh
vd;w gaj;Jld; jhd; Muk;gpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.) epfo;jfTf; Nfhl;ghl;il rhjhuz vspikahd
RthurpakhdnjhU fij tbtpy; mike;j epfo;jfTf; fijnahd;W tpsf;Ftij rw;Wg; ghHj;J
tpl;L mg;Gwk; ekJ tp~ak; gf;fk; tUNthk;. ,dp fijf;Fs; EioNthk;.


*****4 [lg; nghUs;fspd; tp]aj;jpYk; $l ,d;iwa fpshrpf;fy; ird;]; vdg;gLk; ghuk;gupa
mwptpay; fzpj tpjpfSf;F mjw;nfhU tuk;ngy;iy ,Uf;fpwJ. Ez;zpa mZ kl;lj;jpw;Fr;
nrd;NwhNkahdhy mq;F epyTk; Ml;rp nrYj;Jk; tpjpfNs NtW. f;thd;lk; nkf;fhdpf;];> NeNdh
nlf;dhy[p; vd mjw;fhf xU Gjpa gpujhd mwptpay; fpisNa JiwNa Njhd;wp> cUthfp ehSk;
tsHe;J ntw;wp eil Nghl;L tUfpwJ







xU khiy Neuk;. rpw;Wz;b tpLjp xd;wpy; mkHe;J ciuahbf; nfhz;bUe;j 4
NguhrpupaHfspilNa epfo;jfTf; Nfhl;ghL gw;wpa xU rpW rHr;ir vOfpwJ. mg;NghJ mjpy; xU
NguhrpupaH ekJ rpw;Wz;br; rhiyiaf; fle;J nry;yg; Nghfpw KjyhtJ egH Mzhf ,Ug;ghH
vd vd; kdjpy; xU vz;zk; Njhd;WfpwJ. vdJ vz;zk; <NlWtw;fhd (epfo;tjw;fhd) epfo;jfT
vt;tsT? vd tpdTfpwhH. Foe;ij Kjy; KjpatH tiu cs;s midj;J MltiuAk; fzf;fpy;
nfhz;lhy; ,jw;fhd epfo;jfT (Vnddpy; ,e;j cyfpy; MltUk;> ngz;bUk; rw;Nwwf; Fiwa
rkk;.)


rhp [d;diyf; fle;J nry;Yk; Kjy; 2 egHfSk; Mltuha; ,Uf;f epfo;jfT? rhj;jpakhd
vy;yh NeHTfisAk; Nahrpj;Jg; ghHg;Nghk;. KjyhtJ ,U egUk; Mltuha; ,Uf;fyhk;.
2)KjyhtJ egH MzhfTk; ,uz;lhtJ egH ngz;zhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. 3),jw;F NeH khwhf
Kjyhk; egH ngz;zhfTk; ,uz;lhk; egH MzhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. 4),UtUk; ngz;fshf
,Uf;fyhk; . ,tw;wpy; xd;W jhd; (KjyhtJ kl;Lk; jhd;) rhjfkhd epfo;T. MfNt epfo;jfT

rup fle;J nry;Yk; Kjy; %tUk; Mz;fsha; ,Uf;f epfo;jfT vt;tsT? fle;J nry;NthH
,Utuha; ,Ug;gpd; mikTfspd; vz;zpf;if 4 MFk; vd;gij NkNy fz;zNlhk;. NkYk; xUtu;
NrHe;J %d;whtjhAk; xU MltH fle;J nry;tjha; ,Ue;jhy; rhj;jpakhd mikTfspd;
vz;zpf;if ,U klq;fha; mjpfupf;fpwJ. vg;gb vdpy; fle;J nry;Yk; ,UtHfsJ 4 njhFjpfspy;
xt;nthd;wpy; XH MNzh my;yJ ngz;Nzh Nru;e; ;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. MfNt ,g;NghJ rhj;jpakhd
mikTfspd; vz;zpf;if 42=8. ekf;F Ntz;baJ 1/8 MFk.; Vnddpy; 8 mikTfspy; xd;W
kl;LNk ekf;F Ntz;bajhFk;. vspikg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ghHg;Nghk; jw;NghJ. fle;J nry;NthH
,Utuha; ,Uf;ifapy; epfo;jfT = %tuha; ,Uf;ifapy; mJ 3 miufspd; ngUf;Fj;
njhifahFk;. ,t;thW epfo; jfT NkYk; NkYk; Fiwe;J nry;fpwJ.



mg;gbahdhy; 10 NgH fle;J nry;Yk; NghJ epfo; jfT vt;tsT? 10 miufspd;
ngUf;Fj;njhif mJ 1/1021. ,jd; nghUs; vd;dntdpy; ,g;gb eilngWk; vd;W ePq;fs; 1 &gha;
ge;jak; fl;bdhy; ,g;gb elf;fhnjd;W ehd; 1000 &gha; ge;jak; fl;lyhk;.

,J vd;idf; ftHtjha; cs;sNj. mq;fpUe;Njhhpy; xUtu; tpae;J $wpdhH. Mapuk; &gha;
nty;tjw;F ehd; xU &gha; ge;jak; fl;lj; jahuhapUf;fpNwd;.

Mdhy; ePq;fs; ,e;jg; ge;jaj;jpy; ntw;wp ngWtjw;F Mapuj;jpy; xd;W tPjNk ntw;wp
tha;g; G cs;sJ vd;gij kwe;J tpLfpwPHfNs?

mijg; gw;wp ehd; ftiyg;gltpy;i9y. fle;J nry;Yk; Kjy; E}W NgH midtUk;
Mz;fsha; ,Ug; ghHfs; vd;W $l ehd; Mapuj;jpw;F vjpuha; xU &gha; ge;jak; fl;l jahH.

,jd; epfo;jfT mw;gj;jpYk; mw;gk; vd;gij ePq;fs; czuj; jtWfpwPHfs;

gj;J ,yl;rj;jpy; xd;wha; my;yJ ,ijnahj;jjha; ,Uf;Fk;.

,y;iy. nrhy;y Kbahjgb kpf kpf mw;gkhFk;. fle;J nry;Yk; Kjy; 20 NgH Mz;fsha;
,Ug; gjd; tha;g; G jhd; gj;J ,yl;rj;jpy; xd;W. Kjy; 100 NgUf;F ,J vt;tsT njupAkh?
1/100,00,00,000,000000000000000000000000 (10
30
)
mt;tsT jhNd?

vd;d vd;d mt;tsT jhNd? ,e;j vz; vt;tsT ngupaJ njupAkh? xU khflypYs;s
ePHj;Jspfs; $l ,t;tsT ,Uf;fhNj ,jdpDk; Mapuk; klq;F Fiwthd vz;Zf;Fk; fk;kpahf
my;yth ,Uf;Fk;?

rup rup. Mk; ,e;j vz; gaq;fukhdJ jhd;. MdhYk; vdJ xU &gha;f;F vjpuha; ePq;fs;
vt;tsT ge;jak; fl;LtPHfs;?

X vd;dplk; ,Ug;git midj;ijAk; fl;LfpNwd;.

midj;ijAkh?! Ntz;lhk; mJ msT kPwpajhfp tpLk; . cq;fSila (Nkhl;lhH) igf;if
ge;jak; fl;Lq;fs; ghHf;fyhk;. MdhYk; ePq;fs; ,jw;F JzptPh;fs; vd;W ehd; ek;gtpy;iy.

vd;d JzpNtd; vd;W epidf;ftpypiyah? ge;jak; ehd; jahH. vdJ igf;if ge;jak;
itf;;f ehd; jahH. vg;gbAk; ehd; xd;Wk; ,of;f Neu;e;J tplhJ. ehd; jhd; ntw;wp ngwg;
NghfpNwd;.

ehDk; jhd;. xU &gha; xd;Wk; ngupa njhif fpilahJ. ntw;wp ngw;why; xU igf;
fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; ePq;fs; ntw;wp ngw;why; fpilf;fg; NghtNjh xNu xU &gha;jhd;.

Ntzlhk; ,J.! fzpjtpayhsupd; ez;gH xUtH mtuplk; nrhy;ypg; ghHj;jhH. xU
&gha;f;nfjpuha; xU igf; vd;gJ Rj;j igj;jpaf;fhuj;jdk;.

,y;iy ,y;iy. ,k; khjpupahd #o;epiyapy; xNunahU &gha; MdhYk; me;j xNunahU
&ghia ge;jak; fl;lj; JzptJ jhd; igj;jpaf;fhuj;jdk;. ,tu; ,ij ,of;fNt NghfpwhH.
Re;NjfNkapy;iy. gzj;ijf; fupahf;Ftjw;F xg;ghd nray; ,tUilaJ.

vd;whYk; ,tUf;Fk; nrhw;g msT tha;g;gghtJ cs;sJ jhNd?.

,Uf;fpwJ. xU khflYld; xg;gpLifapy; xU Jsp ePH vt;tsNth mt;tsT. cz;ikapy;
gj;J khflYld; xg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. cq;fSf;Fs;s ,e;jj; JspasT tha;g; Gf;nfjpuha; vdf;F10
khfly;fspd; msT tha;g; G ,Uf;fpwJ. 2k; 2k; 4 vd;gJ vt;tsT cWjpNah mt;tsT
cWjpahFk; vdJ ntw;wp!



fzpjtpayhsNu cq;fs; fw;gidiaj; jwpnfl;L Xlr; nra;fpwPHfs;. ,ilapy; GFe;J
$wpdhH tajhd NguhrpupaH xUtu;.

NguhrpupaNu ePq;fs; $l ,tUf;F tha;g; G cs;snjd;wh epidf;fpwPHfs;?

vy;yh epfo;TfSk; rk msTf;F rhj;jpakhdit my;y. ,ij ePq;fs; fzf;fpy;
vLj;Jf;nfhz;BHfsh? jw;nray; ,izT xd;W (mjhtJ jw;nray; epfo;jfnthd;W) vg;NghJ
gpioaw;wjha; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;? rk msTf;Fr; rhj;jpakhd epfo;Tfsha; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ kl;LNk
jhd;. Mdhy; ,q;Nf epfo;Tfs;.. fhjpy; tpOfpwjh?! ,dp;ahtJ ePq;fs; cq;fSila jtiw
czu;tPu;fs; vd;w ek;GfpNwd;. ntspNa gl;lhsj;J ,irf; FO *** ,irg;gJ fhjpy; tpOfpwjh?


Mk; tpOfpwJ. mjw;nfd;dthk;?....... X! ,sk; fzpjtpayhsUf;Fj; jpLk;nkd njhz;il
milj;Jt;l;lJ. Kfj;jpy; gP jpapd; Fwp njupa vOe;J [d;dyUNf XbdhH.

nka;jhd;! ge;jaj;ij ,oe;J tpl;Nld; vdJ igf;ifg; gwpnfhLj;J tpl;Nld;! vd;whH
mohf;Fuypy;.

gpwF fz Neuj;Jf;nfy;yhk; ntspNa gilahl;fsJ gl;lhsk; xd;W vq;fs; tpLjp
thriyf; fle;J nry;tijf; fz;Zw;Nwhk;.





*** (my;yJ nfhl;L Kof;fj; NjhL tUk; rt CHtyj;ijAk; ,e;jf; fij tbt epfo;jfTf;F xU
cjhuzkha; fhl;l ,aYk;).


,e;jf; fijapd; vy;yh epfo;jfTfSk; rkkhdjy;y vd;w tupfis kPzLk; rw;W Cd;wpg;
gbf;FkhW thrfh;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;. fzpjtpaypd; etPd epfo;jfTf; Nfhl;ghL 100%
epfor; rhj;jpaKs;s epfo;jfTfSf;F 1 vd;w vz;izg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ. rhj;jpaf; $Wfspd;
rjtPjk; v;tsTf;nft;tsT FiwfpwNjh mt;tsTf;ft;tsT mijf; Fwpg;gpLtjw;fhd gpd;dj;jpd;
msTk; mjpfupf;fpwJ.

,e;jf; fijia vjw;F ,q;Nf ehd; Fwpg;gpl tUfpnwd; vd;gJ ,e;Neuk; ,ijg; gbf;f
Neu;e;jpUf;Fk; thrfu;fSf;F Gupa te;jpUf;Fk; vd;W ek;GfpNwd;. mjhtJ ,e;j cyfpy; mw;gk;
mw;gj;jpYk; mw;gk; vd;W m[hf;fpuijAld; vJ xd;iwr; rupahff; fzpf;fj; jtWfpNwhNkh mJ
xd;W jhd; gpd;dhy; ngupa ,k;iria jiytypiaf; nfhLg;gjha; mika NeupLk;. cz;ikap y;
,e;jg; gpugQ;rNk mw;gk; mw;gj;jpYk; mw;gk; vd;W ve;j tpj msT Kiwfis mw;gk; vd xJf;fp
tpl Kay;fpNwhNkh my;yJ ekJ md;whl eil Kiw tho;f;ifapy; fhzf;> fzpf;fj;
jtWfpNwhNkh me;j mJ Nghd;w mw;gq;fshy; jhd; fl;likf;fg;gl;L> ,e;j gpugQ;r ,af;fKk;
$l me;j mw;gq;fspd; JizNahNl ,aq;ff; $bajha; cs;sJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F g;shq;fpd; khwpyp
vd;w xd;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

g;shq;fpd; khwpypia tplf; Fiwthd xU mw;g Mw;wiy ehk; Fwpg;gpl KbahJ vDk;
msTf;F me;jsTf;F mJ xU mw;g Mw;wy;. Mdhy; mZ cyfk; KOtjpYk; Goq;Fk; xU
Mw;wy; vd ,ij mZ cyf Mw;wypd; xU FwpaPlha; ehk; ,ijg; nghUs; nfhs;s KbAk;. vz;
kjpg;gpy; mjw;Nf cupa myFld; (SI mstPl;L Kiwapy;) Fwpg;gpl;Nlhkhapd; mjd; kjpg;G 6.5510
-
27
xU mZtpd;

vilia fpuhk; mstpy; Fwpg;gpl;lhy; mJ 910
-28
g;shq;fpd; msit tpl mZtpd;
vil Fiwthf cs;sJ. 10
-27
vd;w vz; vj;jid rpwpaJ vd;gij xU cjhuzj;Jld; $wpdhy;
jhd; mjd; rpWikAk; mNj rkak; mjd; kfpikAk; GupAk;. xU nghUspd; msit 10
-27
nr.kP
vd;W vz;zpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mg; nghUis gf;fk; gf;fkhf mLf;fp 1 nr.kP J}uk; tiu mLf;fp
itf;f KaYq;fs;. vj;jid nghUs; itj;jhy; 1 nr.kP ePsk; fpilf;Fk; vdg; ghu;j;jhy; mJ 10
27

vd;gij ntWk; fzf;fpd; cjtpAld; nrhy;yptplyhk;. ,dp 10
27
vd;why; vj;jid vd;W ghu;g; Nghk;.



xU
kzy; Jfs;
,y;yiyapy;iy
Ntz;lhk; xU
ru;f;fiuj; Jfs;
xd;W 1kp;kP
,Uf;fyhk;. 10
27

ru;f;fiug;
gUf;iffis
gf;fk; gf;fkhf
mLf;fpdhy; mJ
1 gpy;ypad; xsp
Mz;Lj;
njhiytpw;Fr;
nry;Yk;. mjhtJ
ekJ
gpugQ;rj;jpd;
mstpy; 10-y; xU
gq;F J}uk; vd;W
thd; ngsjpf
tpQ;Qhdpfs;
$Wfpd;wdu;.
,e;jg;
gpugQ;rj;ijf;
fhl;bYk;
ru;f;fiuj; Jfs;
vt;tsT
rpwpaNjh
me;jsTf;F f;thz;l cyfk;> mjhtJ mZ cyfk;. (mZ cyfk; vd;gijf; fhl;bYk;
mZTf;Nf mbg;gilahd mjk mZf;fspd; mjhtJ mbg;gilj; Jfs;fspd; cyfk;.) ru;f;fiuj;
Jfis tplr; rpwpaJ. ekf;F xg;gpl gpugQ;rj;jpd; tp];t&gk; xU gf;fKk; mZtpd; El;gj;jpw;Fk;
El;gkhd msT ,d;ndhU gf;fKk; fpilf;fpwJ. ehk; eLtpy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

,Nj mZ cyfj;jpypUe;Nj mw;gj;jpw;F ,d;Dk; xU mw;g cjhuzkhf kl;Lky;y mjpra
cjhuzkhfTk; xd;W nfhLf;fpNwd;. ,aw;ifapy; fpilf;fpw ANudpa [hjpapy; U
-234
> (U
-235
)> U
-238

vd;w
t.vz;.



INrhNlhg;G


epA+f;spa]py;
cs;s
epA+l;uhd;fspd;
vz;zpf;if

miu MAl;
fhyk;.


















U
-234

U
-235

U
-238




142



143



146



2.45yl;rk;
Mz;Lfs;.

70 Nfhb
Mz;Lfs;.


446 Nfhb
Mz;Lfs;.































3 ,aw;if INrhNlhg;Gfs cs;sij ek;kpy; gyu; mwpe;jpUg;Nghk;. KiwNa mtw;wpy; cs;s
epA+l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if> miu MAl;fhyk; KiwNa tUkhW. ghu;f;f ml;ltiz vz; -1.1

Nkw; fz;l ml;ltizapypUe;J (U
-238
) vd;w xU INrhNlg;gpd; miu Mal;fhyk; 448 Nfhb
Mz;Lfs; vd;gij mwpayhk;. Rw;Nwwf;Fiwa ekJ #upa kz;lyj; Njhw;wj;ijNa fz;bUf;ff;
$Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;l ,e;j U
-238
jdJ epAf;spa]pypUe;J xU ehd;Nf ehd;F epA+l;uhid ,of;fl;Lk;.
mg;Gwk; fijNa khwp tpLfpwJ. mJNt U
-235
vd;why; ,d;Dk; fij Nkhrk;. xNu xU epA+l;uhid
,oe;jhy; $l mjd; fijNa mjhtJ mjd; miu MAl;fhyNk khwp tpLfpwJ. 70 Nfhb
Mz;LfspypUe;J 2.70 ,yl;rk; Mz;LfSf;Ff; Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. mZ cyfj;jpy; $l xNu xU
epA+l;uhd; jhNd vd mw;gkhf vz;zptpl KbahJ.

Mf mw;gk; vd;whNy Kw;w Kof;fNt Gwf;fzpf;fj; jf;fJ vd;w mu;j;jkhfp tplhJ. mij
,e;j ANudpa INrhNlhg;G vd;w xw;iw cjhuzj;jpNyNa czuyhk;.



ml;ltiz vz; 1.1











rhHgpay; jj;Jtk; gw;wp Vd; ,q;F Fwp;g; gpl tUfpNwd; vd;gjw;Fk;; fhuzkpy;yhky; ,y;iy.
rhHgpay; jj;Jtj;Jtk; ,e;j cyfpy; fhyk; $l rhHghd xd;W jhd; vd;W vd;iwf;F ep&gzk;
nra;jNjh md;Nw cyf kjq;fspd; khahthjJf;Fk; kWgbAk; xU tYthd mbg;gilf; fpilf;f
top tif nra;J tpl;lJ vd;W jhd; nghUs;> mHj;jk;. ,ijg; gpujpgypg;gJ Nghd;w vj;jidNah
jpiug;glq;fSf;Fk; Fiwr;rNy ,y;iy vDk; gbf;F cs;SupypUe;J cyf mstpyhd `hypTl;
jpiug;glq;fs; tiu ,e;jg; Nghf;fpw;F mNef cjhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. Nkl;hpf;];> g;shdl;
M/g; j Mg;];> ehH;dpah vdg; gy cjhudq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk; .

rhHgpay; jj;Jtj;jpd; cyfshtpa ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd; mJ kPz;Lk; ,d;W cynfq;Fk; cs;s
kw;w kjq;fSf;F xU Gjpa Gj;JapHg;; igf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwNjh ,y;iyNah Mdhy; fl;lhak; mJ
,e;J kjj;jpw;F xU Gj;Japu;g; igf; nfhLj;Js;sJ vd;why; ,JTk; rw;Wk; kpifay;y. fpof;Ff;
Nfhsj;jpd; mj;itj rpe;jid kuGfSf;Fk; Nkw;Fyfpd; fUj;J Kjy; thjj;jpw;Fk; xU ngUk;
GJg; gha;r;riy> Gyp;gha;r;riyf; nfhLj;Js;sJ vd;W jhd; $w Ntz;Lk;. mJTk; kiwe;j
tpQ;Qhd vOj;jhsH R[hjh fhyj;jpNyNa mtuJ Nfs;tp gjpy; (Vd;> vjw;F> vg;gb-ghfk;-1> gf;-
) njhFg;nghd;wpNyNa ,e;jf; ifq;fHaq;fSf;F ,q;F xU gps;isahH RopahtJ Nghl;L itj;J
tpl;Lj; jhd; nrd;Ws;shH. gjQ;ryp> tpNtfhde;jH Nghd;NwhH $Wk; ,uh[ Nahfk; vdg;gLk;
Fz;lypdp Nahfk; gw;wpaf; Nfs;tp xd;Wf;Ff; $l> gapw;rpfs; fHz f^ukhdit vd;gjhy; ehd;
vdJ Fz;lypdpia cwq;fl;Lk; vd;W tpl;Ltpl;Nld; vdf; fpz;lybf;fpw mNj R[hjh jhd; etPd
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Kbr;Rg; Nghl;L GjpH KfKk; fhl;LfpwhH.

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mij etPdr; rhHgpay; jj;Jtj;NjhLk; gpizf;f Kay;fpwhH. me;jg; ghHitapy; cs;s mwptpay;
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,ijj; jhd;. Rthu];akhd me;jf; fijiaAk; rpwpJ ghHitapLNthkh?



Letter to NATURE regarding my Guinness proposal dt on
.


p.velur,
21.07.2003.
FROM
m.chanthru, 3/378, sathiya murthy ngr, paalappatti (po),
p.velur (tk), namakkal dist, india-637017.

TO
The editorial board, Nature.

Dear sir,

Sub: requesting an answer for a problematic question forwhich only science can answer.


I take this opportunity of introducing myself Chandra sekaran from south india (tamil nadu) and
would like to put forward certain (valuable!) information for your kind deep consideration. Before
entering in to the letter, first I want to clarify about my poor English. Instead of translators, the
easiest available , approachable resource I got as help and guide to write this letter in English is,
only dictionary. Though I try my level best. So you too please bear with my insufficient language skill
and grammatical errors, but think about the real content of the text.

At present, the main object of this letter is to clarify some immediate questions for which only
science can answer. Here in my regional mother tongue, there is only one science magazine and
very few writers, which is, who are giving the current scientific news in our native land. (they too not
up to your level. Standard ) From there and them, I received only a very little response.

Not only due to the little response and ignorance, but when I heard and read about your
valuable magazines article like, Mito contrian eve test by Allen willson, Berkly university.
(published in 1986), it made (stimulate) me to exchange my views with you. Also in the past, I
putforth my proposal in a peculiar, jarring manner by which it never got an attention from any body.
But this time, (the very first time), I send my proposal in a newly different (both in scientific and social


attitude) angle that it is not only a problem of about eastern spiritual, religious, philosophical, cultural
life. But it is also a problem of about the whole worlds temporal life. Even now it is difficult to say that
the jarring voice is reduced. Though I hope that this time is considerable amount better than before.

Since this scientific study is mostly blended with some peculiar, complicated (jarring) social
event, I afraid, doubted even you too give an answer for it or not. Because the question nature is
such that. First of all, it is not about a problem of whether science has an answer for it or not. But it is
a problem of about whether such answers having a legal right to (declare itself or not ) expose itself
or not.

Above all this, I had another great doubt that could it be a question which was not raised by
any other person in the past few years? (after the invention of the Invitro fertilization ( i.e test tube )
method in 1978, especially the invention of icsi (1992)? (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection method) .
may be I hope some pioneers (precursor) before to me already. In their way, among them, Im also a
person having thirst and curiosity for knowledge. Thats all. Therefore however I hope, believe 100%
surely that you will respond fo this small, poor, laymans quarries. Well, I didnt want to elaborate the
preamble further more, come to the questions (subject) direcly.

1) i) Is there any scientific method to determine a childs fertilization mode? That is whether it is
fertilized by an artificial mode like (invitro fertilization, intra cyto plasmic sperm injection mode,
cloning mode) or by natural (direct intercourse ) mode.
2) i) let us consider a just born child. (not about the mode of fertilization, but about the time of
fertilization i.e about in which day, inwhich miniute, second the fertilization may occur or happened).
Can science find out the correct, exact time of zygote formation ? (precise to second, or at least
precise to some miniutes, hours?)
ii) let us consider the same above child, but in a grown up stage,.(i.e after some month or year old
stage) In this case, in such a situation, can science determine the time of fertilization happened
when? (based upon the weight of that child at that particular (grown up stage) age?
3) i) Can science determine (or in science, Is there any least possibilities to determine ) the
following items?
a) About when a human being (either male or female) attained their very first sexual orgasm?
b) About , how many times a human being (both sex) attained their sexual orgasm from their
very first puberty to till date.


c) About, mode of these above two possiblitties i.e whether it (mode of orgasm) was due to a
masturbation, or by a homo sex, or by lespion, or by a normal direct intercourse between with the
opposite sex?
4) i) only by examing the physiological evidence, can science find out exactly that how many
times a lady (attain maternity) delivered children from her puberty to menopause?!
5) i) Can science determine a childs delivery was delivered by whom? i.e whether it is delivered
by its own genetic mother ? or by a surrogate mother? (surrogate mother: A mother who agreed
only to carry and deliver this child for money, and who agreed to give only her uterus for hire, rental.
And not giving her ovum. Just carrying and deliver an already fertilized embryo . only this is her
rental agreement. ) in such a situation, can we distinguish (determine the difference between the)
surrogate mother from the original genetic mother?
6) i) For the question no 1, if the answer is no , then what happened in society? Since there is no
need of an errection and ejaculation process for the human semen collection process, due to the
latest infertility treatment like icsi, (intra cyto plasmic sperm injection method, invented by a Belgium
doctor named, dr. wansteir de jam in the year of 1992) it is seemed to stole a mans sperm is very
easy. For the question no 1, if the answer is NO, Then how it (icsi) is got worldwide recognition by
the world level (international level medical councils like WHO-world health organisation) authorized
authentication? Just you can adopt (super impose) this situation to world societys big v.v.i.ps like
bill gates, ex, current American president and can extend to further more v.v.i.persons.
7) i) With the help of modern science, is it possible to determine the answers for the following
events with the following conditions (situation)?
The rate of average metabolism Speed of (growth rate of embryo cell from their zygote stage to
well developed final stage) a given unborned child in its mothers uterus.
ii) Fertilization starting time of a childs zygote. ( i.e exact time of zygote forming even before
the two cell stage)
iii) exact time of successive sexual orgasms of a given couple from their very first
puberty to till date
i.e A couple (either male or female ) in their life, from their puberty to till date, how many times they
attain the sexual orgasm when ever they involved in the sexual activities? If this is possible, then
we can easily trace out a particular date , particular time orgasm is really a cause for a
contravercy fertilization or not.


If a particular contravercy fertilization is merely matching (coincide) with a particular
suspected sexual orgasm, then it is easy to find out whether that contravercy fertilization is caused
by a natural mode fertilization or by an artificial mode fertilization.

iv) Mode of sexual orgasm occur in a human body from their puberty to till date (what ever it
may be,
either it is due to by an intercourse with the opposite sex or due to by a homo, lespion sex activity
or it is even due to by a masturbation, what ever mode it may be!, ) Based on the above 4 major
details, why not science determine both the time of fertilization vice versa mode of fertilization
happened by which time and happened by which method.
8) In veterinary science, in some rare case, when it is not possible to collect the semen by normal
usual Av (artificial vegina ) method, occasionally they adopt another method called EE ( electrical
ejaculation ) in which the ejaculation is stimulated artificially by giving a some mild volt of about 7 to
12 volt electric shock through an electrical device. Can this artificial EE method is possible to adopt
for a human being, when he was fully anesthiated?
9) In semen bank, artificially how long period human beings gamets(both the genders) can be
preserved?
Here you may ask in this place, 1) why do you have this much interest in this regard? Whats the
moto behind your questions? Is it for good or..? why dont we suspect about your moto? Whats
the real, original intention behind these questions? At this time Such questions may arise in your
mind. For such questions, if you want really a true answer, also if you have time & interest, let us
go back to our previous old letters of mines. When you go through on it, Like Guinness, you too
automatically under stood why I send these questions to you.
Actually already I send some of these questions (quest no 3-a,b,c) to you by an e-mail dated on
18.07. 1999, but in a (peculiar, jarring manner) religious view, angle. This religious view was an old
unmodified format. The same above unmodified religious view was sent to the following address too.
Sl.no Description
(Letter Sent to whom by me, us)
Sent date Mode of
sent
Response
Reply
status
Date received.


1.

The Dean, Faculty of medical
science, New Heaven, Connecticut.
24.12.1997 Ordinary air
mail.
No _
Reminder-1 to the same above
address

Reminder-2 to the same above
address
09.03.1998

16.04.1998
Ordinary air
mail.

Registered
air mail.
No

No
_
Acknowledgement
only received dt on
(.00.00.0000)
(scan copy
attached)
2. To the B.B.C tamil radio service
(to the general air mail address)
05.03.1998 Ordinary air
mail.
No
_
3. Personnel residence address of BBC
Tamil radio service staff
mr.mahadevan
18.04.1998 Registered
air mail.
No (even
acknwldg not
received, but I
ensure its
delivry status
via tele phone
4. Personnel residence address of BBC
Tamil radio service staff mrs.anandhi
suryap prahasam(senior producer of
tamil service)
Reminder-1
21.09.1998

_
Ordinary air
mail

do
No

No



5. (1rst letter) To the Guinness
publishing 2
nd
letter regarding this
proposal
3
rd
letter -do-
The 4
th
letter regarding this proposal.
12.05.1998
12.07.1998
03.09.1998
Ordinary air
mai
Fax
Ordinary air
mail.


6. (To you) Nature 18.07.1999 e-mail No






Out of india, the above address are the very few and notable addresses to whom I send my old
Guinness proposal. Among them, the received replies are given below.

Note: Though I give here a care of e-mail id, pl send your reply to my residence address by an air
mail. Because, I dont have either a computer or computer knowledge. And dont know even how to
receive or send an e-mail with out the help of a third person who know these things.

Once a time, when I approach some unknown volunteers help to sent an e-mail regarding
about the same (old) proposal, they accept to help me and sent it. But soon I got a duplicate reply
mail which had been also sent by them. Later, I understood their mischief. Mainly in order to avoid
(for the sake of avoiding) such incidents only, now once again I request you to send me an airmail
(though it is a snail mail) copy also to my residence address.

My care of mail id.@yahoo.com
Again a reminder-1 21.07.2003 e-mail No
7. To some undividuals like
1.A Netherlands psychologist
2.pollock (bpollack@arches.uga.edu)
3.bill gates
4.cloning scientist ion willmet

Aug, 1998
_
09.10.1999

Ordinary air
mail letter.
e-mail
e-mail
recieved
&scan copy
attached
recieved
Attached
No
No


30.10.1997
27.10.1997
_

No






Thanking you.
Expecting your reply from india,
m.chanthru


The first letter to the guinness book of record regarding
my swami vivekanandhas old proposal (covering letter..)

Denkinikotta,
12.05.1998.
To
Guinness book of record, middle sex road, London

Respected sir,

Here by I submit a Xerox copy of a letter which was sent to the new Yorks yale university.
When you go through on that letter, you could automatically understood why I send a copy to your
concern.

In the past, when I heard and read about some particular, (peculiar) Guinness world records,
it seems to me, as a worthless, meaningless, useless, and a mad one etc. but never I feel, expect
that it may be, one day happened to myself too. Well I come to the subject directly.

In one angle, if I say that the content of my whole letter is about the word, virgin, it is not
wrong. Virginity!, a small word, but big matter,and also containing big meaning. Im not a suitable
person to explain the extensive, complicated meaning of this small word. I dont have that much
literature, writing capacity. But I can feel, tell (why each and every body in this world can too) that
how much consideration this word has.
For a long time in my life, I wavered by this small word and by a question. why the word
virginity is (has?) to be still under the influence of religious, literate people even today. In other
words, why it is still in the abysmal depth of ignorance?

In the modern, computer, automic world, for each and every thing, there is an international
standards (definitions). Then why not to be a theory (standard, definition) for virginity? While Im
writing this letter, Im remembered of an internet- A joke. A bus. In that bus, a young lady standing
near by an old man. The lady asked the old man, can you give your seat to me? I conceived. Now
the old man left his seat tp that young lady and asked her, how many months my child? Lady replied,
just 30 miniutes



What could be say about the above A- Joke? Same as to virgin theory for some people,
their virgins life is only for miniutes. To some others, it is varies.from miniutes to hour or seconds,
day to week, or months, or to years.etc.it differ from time to time, person to person. Atlast it shows
a typhical strength, power or bearing capacity of a human. I still dont know about the modern
scientific research about human psychology and physiology. Especially, about the current research
on the sex and sexology.

But Im willing to undergo for a difficult, hard, experiment to a long time in this regard. At the same
time, I didnt want to be my experiments as( like ) a dumbs dream . whether the science ( or
scientific authorities) ready to come forward to give their recognize, concurrence to my attempt or
not, Im ready to participate. Is Guinness ready to ( record) come forward to give its concurrence to
me? Is there any formal records made (done) in this regard? If so, please give the full details about
it.

Thanking you.
Expecting youre your immediate reply from india,

Yours lovingly,
m.chanthru.


*** actually I want to define about celibacy. Though the word, celibacy is not a proper, perfect,
equalent word, I use it. since because there is no such equalent word in English for it. In our regional
language , we call it as, nicetika bhramachariyam. That mean a human being, controlling, all their
(his or her) sexual feelings, and activities even without masturbation, homosex, lesbian.


The actual, original, old proposal which I sent to the New yarks yale university &
which was supported and left to the new younger generation of india by swami
vivekanandha
paalappatti,
16.04.1998.

To
The dean, yale university.

Respected sir,

Sub: reminder about my previous two letters regarding.

Dear sir,

I have sent already two letters to your kind consideration dated on 24.12. 1997, &
09.03.1998. but still there is no reply from your side. So I doubted that whether my previous two
letters reached you or not. And now just I considered that two letters as a missing letters. Once
again now I rewrite the previous letter contents. Im writing this letters without the help of a third
person who knows better English. Further in india, for such a letter content, a person like me cant
approach a third persons help even he knows English very well. Because of the letter content. Well I
come to the subject directly.

1). 3 years back, I read a small news about E.Q factor (emotional factor) in our local magazine***
(puthiya paarvai) that it was invented by your university and by New Hampshire societys combine
research. Now I want to clarify that whether the E.Q factor includes human sexual feelings or not. If
yes, how the E.Q factor was affected by the human sexual feeling? In other words, what role played
by the human sexual feelings in E.Q factor.

2). In general, is it possible that a human can completely control their all sexual feelings, &
activities? (even in dreams too?). In male case, the (expose) discharge of semen denote the
external symptom of a males sexual peak at that time. Can we determine a mans (previous) last
semen discharge time?. (i.e how much time before, or how many days before or months or years
before it happening?)

3) Next, In the case of female, there is no obvious or very less, almost negligible amount of
external symptoms for their sexual peak (when compared to the males in this regard). In this stage,
how can we determine their last sexual peak time? Whether (either) it is done by masturbation or by
lesbian sex or by direct intercourse with the opposite sex.



4). Generally, if a human being (either male or female) try to control completely their all sexual
feelings, activities, then what type of psychological and physiological reactions, they will have to
face?!
5). a). what science say about the hindu religious concepts about human sexual feelings,
particularly about the famous hindu monk swami vivekanandhas *** concept about human sexual
feelings in his book raja yogam ?

b). In his book, he says that when a human control all his (or her) sexual feelings and sexual
activities completely, it is transformed as ojas and it is stored in the bottom place of spinal card
namely moolaathaaram. By proper yoga practice , when the ojas (or in the other name kudalini
energy ) power raised to a place called sahasraamam in the brain, he gets Mukthi (relieving from all
bondage) and exatradinary super powers etc. what science say about it?

6). There is a basic science concept that the quantitative changes ultimately leads to the
qualitative changes ( for example the evaporation of water above 100
0
C ). The above mentioned
scientific concept, how much it is related with the ojas theory which is formulated by swami
vivekanandha? (see the fig- , castrated steer at 6 months, 2 years)

7). Swami vivekanandha did not mention about any scientific method to measure ojas. He
simply and shortly says it as ojas. But ojas mean actually what? (the now-a-day raama Krishna
mission math has not yet given any clear idea (definition) about it). Did he say the saved semen
indirectly? Ok we just consider it (ojas) as saved semen. Then a question arise about the amount of
ojas. That I the amount of ojas having a normal human being and abnormal human being. He did not
say about it. Then the next question arise, what about the female case?

8). In conscious, it is seemed to possible for an ordinary human being to control their all sexual
activities. But in the sub conscious stages(example. During the sleep, especially in dreams?) is
it possible?

9). Is there any formal medical research about the above mentioned possibilities?(i.e a human being
is experimented for a long duration of 20,30 years). If it so, what is the result?. Is there any
abnormality found on him. Or her? Suppose so far no such experiment is conducted formally, Is your
medial authority OR any institution, within your affliated area is ready to come forward to conduct the
experiment with a man who is willing to under go for such an experiment.

Im expecting your immediate reply. Thanking you.
Yours sincerely,
m.chanthru.

*** swami vivekaanandha (1863-1902) was a famous hindu mank, The complete work of swami
vivekaanandha is now available in the form of books (11 or 12 volumes I think) particularly in engglish version


The late French writer roman Rolland who win the nobl prize for literature also give some commentary about
swami vivekaanandha . swami vivekaanandha came to your country in 1893 for an international religious
conference which ts held in chigaco city in that time. After to that chigaco meeting speech, he got nameand
fame in india. If you want to know more details about him, pl contact the raamak Krishna mission math. Their e-
mail id, web address is as follow. srkmath@vsnl.com, www.Sriramakrishnamath.orgindia. If you want to know
more details about him, pl contact the raamak Krishna mission math.


Guinness 1rst reply



My fax reply to the above guinnesss first letter dt on
12.07.1998
(My 2
nd
communication with Guinness)

I received your 3
rd
june 1998 letter and came to know the content. I felt very
happyyoure your responsible reply. On that letter you informed that my proposal is not currently
suitable for the publication of Guinness book of records. Actually now I dont expect any publicity.
But I hope that a suitable day may come in the future. ( sureshs insert - Im interestingly awaiting for
your next reply that what you are going to do next. possible


My3rd reply dated on 03.09.1998 to the guinnesss first reply.

I write this letter for your kind perusal. im in receipt of your letter dated on 03.06.1998 and
have sent a fax on 16.07.1998. you had clarified your stand in your letter. But still Im very eagerly
anticipate a favorable reply for my fax.

Im sure you may be not in a position to take any sudden decision in this matter. But I certainly
believe and feel that any delay from my part will show that Im disinterested in this matter and you
may also have a chance to close this matter without ny reply. Hence with this humble reason, I
submit this reminder for your reference and not for any other motto.

I may not be fully aware of your practical difficulties. But am able to guess your position to a
considerable extent. Despite, all the above fact, Im constrained to take up a concrete decision at
this age about my proposal and have to implement the same at any cost.

Here, once again I request you to kindly intimate me that whether any constructive consideration has
been taken about ny said letter.

Thanking you
Place: denkinikotta, Yours sincerely
Date: m.chanthru.


Guinness 2
nd
, 3
rd
reply(same reply)
































My 4
th
letter to the Guinness fook of records



To
The Guinness editorial board, London.

Respected sir,

Once again this is chanthru from south india (tamil nadu). Even now, I try to approach some Indian
v.v.i.ppersons. regarding about my old proposal which was rejected by you in the letter dated on
18.08.1998. In its journey, I hope when it has been go with a face of Guinness rejected proposal
instead of an individual proposal, it will get a very good attractive attention from the busy, popular
Indian v.v.i.ps p.A.

At the same time, I didnt want even the v.v.i.ps personnel assistant know the content of my
proposal, hope I need not to explain the reason to person like you.(or need?!) now the only help
once again, I request is not to expose my proposal content to any person of any country (especially
to country from india), nor destroy it. Because, you are the only authentic authority for my attempt.

I hope (At least for curiosity) due to the curiosity itself, when the PA,s of some Indian v.v.i.ps, when
came to know that it was not possible to to know the content of my proposal from me, they may
straightly come back to you. In such a situation, please, reject them that whether it is a matter
related with an individuals personnel life, we cant without his permission.
Thanking you.

Note: In my 12.07.1998 fax, the last sentence, Im interestingly awaiting for your next reply to know
the next step what you are going to do The above said last sentence is not written by me in my
original manuscript which I prepared for the fax copy but, inserted in the last minute due to by my
bhramin friends insert.(mischief?!). Now I guess, suspect, that (suppose, may be ) due to that last
sentence of my 12.07.1998 fax, you (Guinness) refused to assist with my proposal. Now I could
realize the sentences mischief. But at that time, (5 years back), when I got your reply, it plunge me
in to an ecstasy, while other killing my proposal by stubbornly maintain a deep silence. So in that
ecstatic stage, I missed to notice my bramin friends (mischief?!) sentence meaning. Also in that
time, Ive a blind urge to imply my proposal at any cost.

Still I didnt know whether he (my bramin friend) do it with good motto or not. Because it is need not
to explain the bramin dominant in Indian societies(even in the modern nowadays). Especially, still in
the religious field. My proposal may be seemed to be stubbornly against for it. This could be irritate
or disturb my bramin friends instinct (or sub conscious mind).

Because, it is need not to be a worry about the intellectual bramins life(survival). But for a poor
dullard bramin?! If my proposal is recognized by you, one day a dullard bramin may drive away


even from temple, brohitham.(cermany on occasions like birth, death, death, marriage etc). These
above factors are in my bramin friend side. On the other side, as usual in society, parent of myself
having their own dreams like constructing new house, expecting their only sons marriage.

In such a situation, finally if they would came to know that there is no way to convince their only son
to a normal marriage life, it could be a shock to them. So it is very difficult to say that due to which
reason (or motto) he (my bramin friend) insert that (mischief) sentence. That is whether due to the
affection of his own caste welfare, or due to the affection on his intimate none-bramin friends
welfare (or welwish).

Why I clarify these things is, if you (the Guinness editorial board) could understood these things, it is
enough to me. Im not behind in that sentence, but like an accident it is happened due to by my
bramin friend. However even now I deal my proposal in another angle. Soon Ill send a mail to nature
(the international famous science magazine)&Washington post regarding this proposal. Now this
time , I approach my proposal in a newly different angle and have an idea to submit this to the above
two magazine.

When I send that mail, I also sent it to your concern too. Atleast this time itself, I hope that Ill surely
get your co-operation. When Ill send my idea (thought) to the above two magazine (nature &
Washington post), they may be enquire you that whether my mail has a good motto or not. That
time, I fear that suppose my 12.07.1998 fax letters last sentence meaning may stimulate you to a
confused stage, (unfavourable stand against my proposal) based on my fax letters last sentence.
Hence thats why hereby I submit my side fact. Due to the language problem only, this much delay.
Otherwise I already clarify to you.



Thanking you.



Yours
Date :30.04.2003,
Place:paalappatti, 10.05AM (L.m. Chandra sekaran)








The third(&4
th
) reply letter came from Guinness.








A netherland psychologists reply regarding the same content
which I sent to the new yarks yale university.









Another view of my proposal in the form of a letter which was prepared to a
exporter, rationalist, in salem & which was sent to many v.v.i.ps like thi.ka
(thravidar kalaham) veera mani.
(Note: this was circulated in that time only in my native land )


Denkanikotta,
xx.03.xxxxxx
Dear Mr Arthanaari,

It is with reference to the conversation we had, I understand that your view is, Tell me the
methods to defuse the irrational religious beliefs then Ill become your disciple. As per my
understanding, your view is to make a revolutionary change in the general public simultaneously
which I feel is not a practical possibility at present.

In fact we, the none believer of god have heavy responsibility to prove the none existence
of god unde the same conditions and rules in which the believer say that god is present. Leaving
aside the arguments that the god is existing or not, (not leaving the scope of the argument) our
requirement is the presence of an omni potent god who is all powerful and will protect the have nots
from the haves without fear and anticipating any royal bribes.

Lets remove the adjective (god), but this can be ascribed for a power, which is an above
average and possessing good leadership with humanitation grounds and use such power for the
betterment of the universal welfare only. To find such a person, is it necessary to go out of our
university? and can we not have such a living being amongst us only is my question. My stand is
that such a persons presence is continuously required without interruption. My letter to Mr.thiyahu is
mainly based on this concept. But I could not clarify the same owing to time limit and volume content
of that letter.

This has made misconceptions of my ideas, any way lets keep it aside for the present.
Lets come to the main points. The existence of electricity is proved scientifically by its effect on the
persons. It doesnt discreate between rich, poor, high, low, languages, caste, creed and land and
proves its existence. Such is the being, why should not we attribute that god is incapable, when he
is not able to present himself and keeping his presence as a high secret, witnessing the all existing
facts and figures without any action. This is the main argument put forth by you, in the releasing
function of the book, Das capital by thiyahu,***1 at salem.

My contention is that we cant remove the idea of presence of god, just by pointing some
disqualification such as incompetent and to ignore. In other words or in marxs word, it is to be
picturise that god as most cruel and deceptive person. If this is done, it is enough and we need not


to destroy the god, such god will himself destroyed in the society. How to make such an arrest
warrant to the so called god and his devotees is my main question.

In this world, with a lot of different and despairing things. There are also many things, which
are very common, and not different to all the people is a fact. We the none believers of god have to
accept it.

Birth, death, old age, decease, happiness, sarrow, desire, ambition, expectations about the
future, and so on and we can list many more. Similarly there are certain things in the world which
cant be bought by money or cant be valued in money terms. Again I stress that we, the none
believer of god should accept this fact. Now you would ask me, what I exactly want to point out, not
it? Let me come to the fact.

Erstwhile, the famous hindu monk swami vivekanadha has said, god is not that much easy
to be reached by cowards, and fools, he will not be a toy in the hands of persons who doesnt have
the courage. My question is, Is there any person, whether he is timid, hero, fool, intelligent, rich,
poor, or of different caste, create, language, land etc, like to achieve the god at any cost, what
would be the highiest price that he can be pay and what is the common assert that exist which can
be given to the god to achieve him?

If deeply thought, even the lay man has to come to a point. why should I elaborate? just I
point out the human sexual feelings only. Can we fix any rate or limit to the sexual feelings of rich,
poor, beautiful, or ugly, (even though such wrong practice is exist in the society) I wish I should not
be mistaken. The beauty and the anatomy may be valued, but not the feeling.

Can we show a better valuable thing that can be dedicated to god or to burn the selfish
attitude. Can there be a better example? Let us take for argument that god is existing. If so, let us
give him a final chance. There have been persons who have set their prints in the world by burning
the selfish attitudes and surrendered themselves for the god and society. From budha, jesus, vallalar
to vivekanandha, (why even in our nandhan*** magazines name) there are persons who lived in the
society for a selfless life. But unfortunately, there is no authentic, scientific, wordly proof for their
selflessness. That is the mistake. Let us not repeat the same and shall leave proper authentic proof
to our future generation.

In this same idea, Ive written to the yale university of America and even to the Guinness
book of world records, the subject matter with some touch ups. Im enclosing the copies of those
letters. Im unable to give a better explanation than this. Rather you may not have the patients to
listen to such long letters. Any way I leave to your judgement, please deliberate and come to a
judgement.

***1 He is the very first person who translate the book, Das capital by carl marx in the native
languages of our sub continent, he also involved in the translation work of the book, A brief history
of time from big bang to black hole by the famous scientist Stephen Hawking


At any way or any mode, the human being should come to a conclusion about that only on
this basis, all duties, ideologies of equality, social secularism and independent, universal
brotherhoods and equality in the eye of law can be achieved. Such a pressure is always existing on
the human being at large.

Thanking you.
Regards with and expecting Your immediate
reply


Note: I hope that your suspection about my motto will now cleard itself automatically,(at least to a
considerable extent) but for the question on which belief, on which basis, you putforward these
things (or demands). Is all these are even having a least practical possiblities ? for such questions,
though Im not a scientist relating to this concern field, I wish to give some simple scientific
explanations and examples as possible as I could and know, but in my mother tongue, if you want.
Because I have not further more time and money to spent and translate these things in English, due
to my own survival problem. Now it is a drought period in our native land.














Mu;l;b/gp~pay; ,d;nrkpNdrd; vdg; gLk; ( )............Nrfupg;G epfo;Kiw.