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CARNOT Cycle ( T S T S ) ideal cycle for Steam Power Plant ( Rankine Cycle )
Nicolas L. Sadi Carnot made statement concerning the efficiency of engines that the term " perfectly efficient heat
engine " could not be applied to any heat engine. He believed that an engine in which all heat would be converted
to mechanical work did not exist.
Process: Thermodynamic Process Descript ion
1 2 Constant temperature ( Isothermal ) expansion process with heat addition ( at high thermal level )
2 3 Reversible Adiabatic ( Isentropic ) expansion process
3 4 Constant temperature ( Isothermal ) compression process with heat rejection ( at low thermal level )
4 1 Reversible Adiabatic ( Isentropic ) compression process
Flow diagram:
Carnot Cycle
PV and TS diagram
Carnot Cycle t hermal efficiency, eCC
e
CC
= W
net
/Q
A
x 100 %
e
CC
= (T
1
T
4
)/T
1
x 100 %= (T
H
T
L
)/T
H
x 100 %
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Sample Problems
1. A Carnot Cycle engine receives 1 826 kJ/min of heat at 420
0
C. It rejects heat at 39
0
C. Determine the power output of the
engine.
A. 18.46 kW B. 20.82 kW C. 16.73 kW D. 14.64 kW
Situational Problem ( 2 3 )
A Carnot Cycle engine rejects heat at 42
0
C. The heat rejected is 2.42 times the work output.
2. Determine the thermal efficiency.
A. 29.24 % B. 27.48 % C. 25.86 % D. 23.62 %
3. Determine the source temperature.
A. 170.2
0
C B. 174.4
0
C C. 176.6
0
C D. 172.2
0
C
Situational Problem ( 4 6 )
A Carnot Cycle engine has a sink temperature of 45
0
C. Its thermal efficiency is 48.2 percent. The heat rejected is 742 kJ/min.
4. Determine the source temperature.
A. 345.7
0
C B. 340.9
0
C C. 350.5
0
C D. 435.3
0
C
5. Determine the heat supplied per minute.
A. 1 432.43 kJ/min B. 1 664.86 kJ/min C. 1 828.62 kJ/min D. 1 246.24 kJ/min
6. Determine the power output.
A. 13.2 kW B. 11.5 kW C. 15.3 kW D. 9.4 kW
Situational Problem ( 7 8 )
A Carnot engine produces 25 kW while operating between temperature of 1 000 K and 300 K.
7. Determine the heat supplied per second.
A. 30.4 kJ/s B. 35.7 kJ/s C. 25.8 kJ/s D. 40.3 kJ/s
8. Determine the heat rejection per second.
A. - 8.42 kJ/s B. - 12.84 kJ/s C. - 14.68 kJ/s D. - 10.71 kJ/s