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ct: b phn truyn ng (dy cua roa, li ca, mi ..). Chy, n. ng vt: rn, ong,
Nhit : qu nng, lnh. in git. Ha cht c hi. Lm vi c st mp nc
Bnh ngh nghip (BNN): l bnh pht sinh mt cch t t do tc ng ca
nhng yu t c hi trong sn xut n cc c quan ca c th con ngi.
Cc nguy him gy bnh ngh nghip. Ting n. nh sang. Bc x, phng x. Rung/
chn ng. Ho cht c hi. Bi. Vi khun, siu vi, virt. K sinh trng: chy rn. T
th lm vic: ng, ngi, ci, nm, nhn qu lu. nhim mi trng.
1.1.1.4 Yu t sn xut nguy him (c hi)
Yu t sn xut nguy him (c hi): tai nn v bnh sinh ra do tc ng ca
nhng yu t xc nh ca mi trng xung quanh n con ngi. Nhng yu t m
tc ng ca chng n con ngi c th dn n tai nn gi l yu t nguy him, cn
dn n bnh hoc gim kh nng lao ng gi l yu t c hi. Nu yu t nguy
him (c hi) l kt qu ca hot ng sn xut hoc xut hin trong qu trnh sn
xut th gi l yu t sn xut nguy him.
Nh vy: Hat ng sn xut + Yu t sn xut nguy him (c hi) = tai nn
lao ng (bnh ngh nghip)
1.1.1.5 An ton lao ng v k thut an ton lao ng
An ton lao ng v k thut an ton lao ng: kh nng tc ng ln ngi
lm vic nhng yu t sn xut nguy him (c hi) xc nh tnh nguy him trong lao
ng. An ton lao ng (ATL) l trng thi iu kin lm vic m s tc ng
cc yu t sn xut nguy him (c hi) ln NL c lai tr.
H thng cc bin php t chc v cc phng tin k thut nhm ngn nga tc ng
cc yu t sn xut nguy him ln NL, ngha l ngn nga tai nn lao ng, ic gi
l k thut an ton lao ng.
V sinh lao ng: cc phng tin k thut nhm ngn nga bnh ngh nghip
l thnh phn quan trng trong cng tc v sinh lao ng. H thng cc bin php t
chc v cc phoing tin k thut ngn nga hoc lm gim s tc ng cc yu t sn
xut c hi ln NL c gi l v sinh lao ng (VSL)
1.1.1.6 Tnh trng khn cp v vng nguy him
3
Tnh trng khn cp: s kin, tnh trng khng mong i c th gy nguy hi
nghim trng n tnh mng con ngi, ti sn hoc mi trng xung quanh m cn
phi hnh ng gp, x l v gii quyt ngay c gi l tnh trng khn cp.
Vng nguy him: vng nguy him (c hi) l khong khng gian xc nh, ti
cc yu t nguy him (c hi) lun tn ti v tc ng mt cch thng xuyn, c
chu k hoc tc ng bt ng d gy tai nn (nhim c) con ngi, nu khng c bin
php phng nga.
iu kin lao ng: iu kin lao ng l t hp cc yu t t nhin, x hi,
kinh t, t chc, qun l, k thut, cng ngh, php l th hin qua cng c, phng
tin lao ng, i tng lao ng, qu trnh cng ngh, mi trng lao ng v s tc
ng tng h ca chng vi ngi lao ng ti ni lm vic, to nn bi cnh nht
nh m ngi lao ng phi tri qua qu trnh lao ng.
1.1.2 Nhng quy tc chung v an ton lao ng
Cc quy tc an ton khi sp xp vt liu. Cc quy tc an ton khi i li. Cc
quy tc an ton ni lm vic. Cc quy tc an ton khi lm vic tp th. Cc quy tc an
ton khi tip xc vi cht c hi. Cc qui tc an ton khi s dng dng c bo h
1.1.3 Cc quy tc an ton my mc
Cc quy tc an ton khi vn hnh my khoan. Cc qui tc an ton khi s dng
thang ,my vn chuyn. Cc qui tc an ton khi dng my ti. Cc qui tc an ton i
vi dng c th cng. An ton khi lm vic vi mt s my mc c th. An ton khi
lm vic vi my dp. An ton khi lm vic vi my mi. An ton khi lm vic vi
my cun p. An ton khi lm vic vi my ca g li trn. An ton khi lm vic vi
my bo g dng ng c. An ton khi lm vic vi cn cu. An ton khi lm vic vi
xe nng. An ton khi lm vic vi bng chuyn. An ton khi vn hnh vi my n to
hnh. An ton khi lm vic vi my nghin. An ton khi lm vic vi my tin. My ct
gt tng hp. An ton khi lm vic vi my kh long. An ton khi lm vic vi my
git quay. An ton khi lm vic vi my vt li tm. My h quang dng in xoay
chiu
1.1.4 Mt s bin php phng nga
Nhm T
TCVN
3164 79
C hiu lc
safety Requirements.
t 1-1-1981
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc cht c hi c trong nguyn liu, sn phm,
bn thnh phm v ph liu ca qu trnh sn xut v quy nh nhng yu cu chung v
5
an ton khi sn xut, s dng v bo qun, v gii hn v sinh v kim tra hm lng
cc cht c hi trong khng kh khu vc lm vic.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng i vi cc cht phng x v cc cht sinh hc
(cc phc cht sinh hc phc tp, vi khun, vi trng v.v...). Cc thut ng v nh ngha
s dng trong tiu chun ny c trnh by trong ph lc.
1.2.1.2 Phn lai
Tu theo mc tc ng ln c th cc cht c hi c chia ra lm bn
nhm nguy him. Nhm th nht Cc cht cc k nguy him. Nhm th hai Cc
cht rt nguy him. Nhm th ba Cc cht nguy him. Nhm th t Cc cht t
nguy him
Nhm nguy him ca cc cht c hi c xc nh ty thuc vo nh mc
v ch s nu ra trong bng sau
Bng 1.2.1.2: Phn loi nhm nguy him cc cht c hi
Tn ch s
IV
Nh hn
0,1 1,0
0,1
Nh hn
15 150
15
100 500
100
500
1,0 10,0
10,0
Ln hn
Ln hn
150 5000
500
Ln hn
Ln hn
500 2500
2500
5000
50000
H s kh nng gy nhim Ln hn
c ng h hp
Ln hn
Ln hn
Ln hn
300 30
300
6
Ln hn
50.000
Nh hn
Nh hn
30 30
H s vng tc ng cp tnh Nh hn
6,0 18
6,0
H s vng tc ng mn Ln hn
tnh
1.2.1.3 Yu cu v an ton
10,0 5
10,0
18 54,0
Ln
hn
Nh hn
54,0
Nh hn
5,0 2,5
2,5
thng qua ngy 29-6-2001; Ch tch nc Trn c Lng k lnh ban hnh ngy
12/7/2001, qui nh:
PCCC l trch nhim ca mi c nhn, c quan, t chc, h gia nh trn lnh
th nc Cng Ho X Hi Ch Ngha Vit Nam (iu 5).
Cng dn 18 tui tr ln, sc kho c trch nhim tham gia vo i
PCCC c s ni lm vic hoc i dn phng ni c tr (iu 5).
Ngi lm vic trong mi trng nguy him v chy n hoc thng xuyn
tip xc vi cc cht nguy him v chy n phi c hun luyn v c chng ch hun
luyn nghip v v PCCC (iu 22). Cc hnh vi b nghim cm gm (iu 8): C
gy chy n lm tn hi n tnh mng, sc kho con ngi; gy thit hi ti sn ca
Nh nc, c quan t chc, c nhn; nh hng xu n mi trng, an ninh v trt t
an ton x hi.
Cn tr cc hot ng PCCC, chng ngi thi hnh nhim v PCCC.
Li dng cc hot ng PCCC xm hi n tnh mng, sc kho con ngi,
xm phm ti sn ca nh nc, c quan, t chc v c nhn.
Bo chy gi.
Sn xut tng tr, bo qun, s dng, mua bn tri php cht nguy him v
chy, n; vi phm nghim trng cc qui nh qun l s dng ngun la, ngun nhit
v cc Tiu chun v PCCC c Nh nc qui nh.
Thi cng nhng cng trnh c nguy him v chy n m cha c thit k c
duyt v PCCC; nghim thu v a vo s dng cng trnh c nguy him v chy, n
khi cha iu kin bo m an ton v PCCC.
Lm h hng, t thay i, di chuyn phng tin, thit b PCCC, bin bo,
bin ch dn v li thot nn.
1.2.2.2 K thut an ton khi vn chuyn cc cht d n
Khi nim chung v n
Hin tng n gm hai dng:
12
13
bo ng giao thng t nht t hai pha ca cng trnh cn nhm ngn nga s lan
truyn ca m chy do pht x v i lu nhit ca cc sn phm chy.
Yu cu v cc trang thit b in: khi trang thit b, dng c, ph tng in
trong mi cng trnh ca c quan, XN, phi chn cho chng ph hp vi tnh nguy
him chy n ca mi cng trnh, kho tn. Cc cp dn in t li in n cc thit
b in v n chiu sang phi m bo t mi ni nht, c ng knh tit din phn
dn in ti thiu ln hn sc chu ti khi cng sut thit b, n lm vic ti a, phi
cch li v bo v tt, thng xuyn nhm trch r r, pht ra tia la v t nng qu
mc.
Tt c cc cm bin in t ng phi an ton, t bit i vi nhng cng
trnh nguy him chy - n. Chng phi bo m nhy cn thit theo thit k v lm
vic tt, t ng iu chnh v hn ch in p, cng dng vi cc in cm khc
nhau. Tia la pht sinh t cm bin c phi m bo khng nng lng bc
chy hn nhin liu v kh gas (<0.2 mJ)
n chiu sang, cc cm phi c trang b theo ng yu cu ca mi cng trnh ty
thuc tnh nguy him chy n.
Chng st, tip t: phi tip t tin cy tt c nhng phn v, phn kim loi
ca cc thit b s dng, vn hnh trn nhng cng trnh nguy him chy n bo v
khi in tnh sinh ra do ma st, tip xc kt hp vi du, kh (b r, r). Phi chng st
cho tt c cc hng mc cng trnh nguy him chy n, nhng trung tm vi tnh. Cc
kho tang nhin liu, nhng cng trnh cao, nhng cng trnh n c.
Trang b h thng bo ng chy: phi trang b h thng bo ng pht hin
khi la sm trong cc khch sn, ca hang, siu th, trung tm vi tnh, cc kho ti
nguyn, nhin liu d chy n, trong cc cng trnh c khoan, khai thc, vn chuyn
du kh, h thng pht hin v cnh bo sm khi la. Bao gm cc u bo chy
cm bin nhit hoc cc u bo chy khi c b tr ti nhng ni c nguy c v
chy n vi mt v v tr ty thuc vo chng loi ca chng v c ni bng dy
dn vi h thng ni t ng v ni vi nhau vi trung tm iu khin, trc thng
xuyn 24/24 gi.
19
Quy nh v cnh bo, phng nga: trn cc cng trnh nguy him bo chy
nh kho nguyn liu, kho nguyn vt liu d chy, cc cy xng, cac trm tip t nhin
liu, cc nh my sn xut, ch bin gas, du xng, nh my, XN sn, vi, cc cng
trnh khoan, khai thc du kh, phi c bin cnh bo ln bng ch nn trng
treo nhng ni nguy him chy, c ngi qua li, d thy t xa vi ni dung: CM
LA!, CM HT THUC! v biu tng v tnh nguy him chy (ngn la
trn nn trng).
Quy nh v tng tr, ct cha nhin liu v cht n: khng tng tr, ct cha
nguyn nhin vt liu d chy n k cnh: h thng thng gi, ng c t trong,
my pht, ni hi, l t, nu, Hm l, ng hm, ming hm trong khong cch
nh hi 30m. Khng ct cha nguyn nhin vt liu chy n trong phng, nh ,
vn phng lm vic, Nhng vt dng, phng tin khng cn c s dng na phi
c tr v kho bo qun ng qui nh hoc bin thnh ph thi v phi loi tr ngay
ra khi lnh th XN cng sm cng tt.
Nhng bin php t chc hnh chnh qun tr: phng chy v cha chy tt
nht l nng cao ngha v v trch nhim ca mi cng dn, CB CNV.
Thnh lp i cha chy: trong mi c quan, XN, ty thuc vo quy m va tnh nnguy
him chy, ngi s dng lao ng phi thh lp i cha chy (kim nhim) c
hun luyn k cc phng n chng chy, cu ngi khi chy v nh k hang nm phi
tin hnh tp hun chng chy. Trong thnh phn i cha chy ti chi ca c quan,
XN l nhng thanh nin kha mnh, nhit tnh ca x nghip, cc thnh vin ca i
bo v v ng u l gim c c quan, XN .
21
22
ton phng chy cha chy trong ton dn, c quan, XN. Pht ng thi ua gn lin
vi cc hnh thc khen thng pht nghim minh. Ngun kinh ph c th trch t cc
ngun ca cng tc phng chy cha chy. n v lm tt cng tc phng chy cha
chy th khen thng; n v lm cha tt cn c bin php kp thi chn chnh v
khc phc. Nhng ni c vi phm cng tc phng chy phi x pht.
T chc cng tc kim tra, gim st: ty thuc vo tnh nguy him ca cng
trnh, ngi chu trch nhim v phng chy cha chy phi ch than kim tra nh
k v t xut ( 1 ln/thng i vi cc cng trnh nguy him chy v 1 ln/6 thng i
vi nhng cng trnh khc). Ni dung kim tra, gim st l phi xem xt:
S hin hu v hu hiu ca cc h thng bo ng v cha chy, cc phng
tin cha chy di ng hoc cm tay.
Tnh trng cc cp in, cc ph kin in cho thp sang, dy tip t.
kn v s r r nhin liu, kh ca cc bnh b cha, ng ng dn, cc
mi ni, cc van.
Nng hi xng, du kh gas ti cc ni ct cha chng trc mi khi hn,
ct, mi trn cc cng trnh nguy him chy (khai thc, ch bin du kh, ti cc trm
tip nhin liu)
Nng gii hn cho php ca hi xng du trong khng ti vng kim tra
phi bo m: nh hn 0.04% i vi xng, nh hn 0.07% i vi du.
Phi ghi nhn cc nhn xt qua mi ln kim tra, gim st vo S phng chy
cha chy ca c quan. Nhng thiu st c pht hin qua cc cng tc trn phi
c khc phc v chn chnh kp thi.
Pht hin v ngn nga cc ngun t bc chy:
Pht hin cc ngun t bc chy: bin php u tin pht hin cc ngung
t bc chy l xem tnh trng m - a cht, cc mt ct b dy va v thi gian tin
hnh cc cng tc c so snh vi cc s liu vt l pht sinh cc ngun t bc chy trn
vng m . Bc tip theo l t chc kim tra li tt c cc v tr cho l nguy
him.Cc phng php pht hin m chy ni sinh c thchia thnh bn nhm chnh:
cc phng php cm quan, cc phng php phn tch hoa hc, cc phng php
phn tch vt l, cc phng php a ha khong vt.
24
Cc phng php cm quan: pht hin chy ni sinh da trn nhng du hiu
bn ngoi, ngha l nh cc c quan cm gic ca con ngi m khng s dng bt k
thit b, dng c xc nh no.
Cc phing php phn tch ha hc: nhng du hiu ca chy ni sinh c
xc nh nh kt qu ly cc mu khng kh, nc, t trong khu vc v phn tch
ha hc
Phng php a ha khong vt: phng php ny l bc tip theo trong
vic nghin cu thnh t nh nghin cu cc khong vt th cp to thnh do qu
trnh oxi hoa trong va.
Cc phng php vt l: Cc phng php ny xc nh s chy ni sinh da
trn cc thng s vt l ph thuc vo trng thi nhit ca mi trng, m khng
kh. Bng nhng dng c chuyn dng.
Theo cc thng s nhn c, ngi ta xy dng cc ng ng a nhit v
khoanh vng ngun t t nng, xy dng tc d v hng tt dn ca cc qu trnh
nhit trong lng t. Tt nht nn s dng kt hp tt c cc phng php pht hin
sm chy ni sinh.
Phng nga v loi tr cc ngun t bc chy: cc bin php nhm phng
nga v loi tr cc ngun t bc chy l: loi b cc vt liu c kh nng b oxi ha,
gim hoc ngn chn s tip xc ca vt liu vi oxi, gim hot tnh ha hc, tc kh
nng oxi ha ca vt liu t bc chy hoc lm lnh khi b nung.
Phng tin v k thut cha chy
Cc nguyn tc cha chy: ty thuc vo nhng c tnh ca vt liu chy v
nhng iu kin chy ngi ta s dng cc phng tin vi c ch dp la khc nhau.
Nhng nguyn tc cha chy c th l:
Lm mt cc vt liu ang chy hoc ngun la.
Ngn chn cht chy (nhin liu, kh gas) trn vo m la (bng cch ng
van ng ng, ngt van an ton,)
Ngn nga oxi vi m chy bng kh tr, bt ha hc, bt khng kh
25
Thi gian
Cc van ng
thc hin
Hng tun
khn cp
H thng nc
Hng qy
ti lm mt
Hng nm
Theo yu cu
r (Gas detector)
ca nh ch
to
hin
Kim tra thng xuyn Kim tra pht hin cc hin tng h hng r r Hng ngy
(S dng danh mc cu sa cha kp thi
hi kim tra)
Kim tra hng thng
Hng thng
mn hay x h.
Kim nh li p k, nhit k . Kim tra kh
nng lm vic ca h thng bo ng khi mc
lng qu cao. Kim tra bng mt tnh trng k
thut bn. Kim tra tnh trng k thut ca nn
32
Hng nm
Khm xt ton b cc
mng, chn bn
Kim tra bn trong, bn ngoi. Siu m kim tra 3 nm/ln(do
bn v h thng ng
chiu dy
c quan ng
kim thc
hin)
Khm xt ton b v th Kim tra bn trong, bn ngoi. Siu m kim tra 6 nm/ln(do
thy lc cc bn v h
thng ng
c quan ng
kim thc
hin)
34
35
Ngng nay qu trnh np nu pht hin cc hin tng bt thng hay cc h hng gy
ra r r kh trong h thng.
Chai sau khi np phi c kim tra li v: trng lng np v kn
Khi x l cc chai qu y hoc khng m bo kn khng c x trc tip ra
ngoi tri m phi c h thng thu hi kh.
Cc nguyn tc an ton khi lm vic bn trong cc bn cha
Trc khi lm vic phi c giy php lm vic c ch k ca ngi c trch nhim
Trong qu trnh lm vic phi c ngi canh chng bn ngoi bn vi y thit b
th nhn to. Gia ngi lm vic bn trong v bn ngoi bn phi c phng tin lin
lc thch hp.
Cc dng c, phng tin lm vic bn trong bn phi l loi khng pht sinh tia
la. n chiu sng phi l loi phng n c in p khng qu 12V.
Phi phn tch khng kh trc khi lm vic. C th tham kho bng sau y
v cc yu cu i vi thnh phn kh khi lm vic bn trong bn:
Bng 2.5.4: Cc nguyn tc an ton khi lm vic bn trong cc bn cha
Cc iu kin ca mi trng bn trong bn T l oxy trong khng kh bn trong bn
Nh hn 19,5%
Ln hn hoc bng
Phn trm kh chy so vi gii hn > 20% Khng c vo
19,5 %
Khng c vo
chy di (%LFL)
T 11% C th chui vo bn Mang thit b th khi
n
20%
tc kim tra
2% C th chui vo bn C th chui vo bn
10%
Nh
(cold work)
(cold work)
C th chui vo bn Khng cn thit b
Hiu r ti liu hng dn, qui trnh lm vic, tnh cht c hi, cch phng
nga v cch s cp cu trong trng hp ng c hoc s c.
Lm vic theo ng qui trnh hng dn ca nh cung cp.
Tt c cc h s ti liu, cc thng tin v ha cht phi c gn ni lm vic
vi ngn ng d c d hiu.
Phi bit v tr vi nc sch gn nht ra khi ho cht bn, vo ngi,
vo mt hoc mt
Mi thng ha cht phi c dn nhn, nh du ph hp.
S dng phng tin bo v c nhn ph hp cho tng loi ha cht nh:
Trn xe khng mang theo dim qut, cc vt liu hoc dng c c kh nng
nh la hoc gy chy n.
Ni quy phng chy cha chy:
Khng ht thuc v cc hot ng gy la.
Khng em theo cc vt dng, vt liu c kh nng gy la nh: v kh, dim
qut, ha cht, in thoi di ng, my nh, my quay phim, thit b in, ng
c,
Khng i giy inh
Nm bt hiu lnh bo ng va cc li thot nguy him.
Ni quy lm vic:
Tun th ni quy ra vo.
C giy chng nhn qua hng dn an ton v BHL do Phng AT-CL cp.
Khng ht thuc, khng nu nng.
Khng lm mt v sinh mi trng.
Khng ung ru hoc dng cht kch thch trong khi lm vic.
Khng u , khng nh bi, chi c hoc nm ng trong gi lm vic.
Khng lm vic ring hoc t b v tr lm vic.
Mi cng vic nguy him u phi c quy trnh v giy php lm vic.
Ngi thc hin cng vic phi tun th quy trnh k thut v cc yu cu trong
giy php duyt.
Trang b bo h lao ng y v eo ph hiu khi lm vic.
Khng c nhim v tuyt i khng t tin tc ng vo h thng.
Nu thy nguy c khng an ton hoc c s c, tai nn
phi cp bo ngay
khi b r r ra ngoi khng kh nng 5-15% v gp ngun nhit (tia la, ngn la
).
i vi nhng ngi phi lm vic lin quan n vn hnh, bo dng u
phi chu nhng yu t nguy him v ri ro ty thuc vo tng cng vic nh:
Lm vic vi ha cht (x l, bo qun, vn chuyn): chu nguy him c hi, b nh
hng h h hp, thn kinh .
Lm vic trn cao (kim tra, bo dng thit b): C th b ri.
Lm vic trong khng gian hn hp (kim tra, bo dng cc bnh cng ngh) thiu
khng kh, chu kh c gy tc th, b c hi h hp, thn kinh .
Lm vic vi cc cng c/thit b c kh: c cc nguy him v li, ko, ct, va p
t cc b phn truyn ng.
Lm vic khu my pht in, my nn: chu ting n, rung.
2.3.2 Cc qui nh an ton
2.3.2.1 Vn hnh thit b
. Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn v vn hnh thit b, bin php lm
vic an ton v cc qui nh v AT-VSL mi c tham gia vn hnh thit b.
Ngi vn hnh thit b phi tun th ng qui trnh k thut, bin php lm
vic an ton, bin php phng nga, bin php x l khi c s c v cc qui nh khc
ca Cng ty hoc ca n v sn xut v cng tc vn hnh.
Khng vn hnh thit b thiu an ton nh: Thit b trc trc, hng hc, qu
ti, r r, thng s vn hnh vt gii hn cho php; thiu c cu bo v hoc bn thn
thit b ang nm trong vng nguy him ca hot ng no .
Khng vn hnh cc thit b nu vic gy mt an ton cho mt phn hoc
ton b dy chuyn sn xut.
Ngi vn hnh c trch nhim treo bin cnh bo (cn thit th phi kha, c
lp thit b) nu pht hin thit b trong tnh trng khng an ton
2.3.2.2 Bo dng, sa cha, xy dng, lp t
42
Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn v qui trnh lm vic, bin php lm vic an
ton v cc qui nh v AT-VSL mi c thc hin bo dng, sa cha, xy dng,
lp t.
Ngi thc hin cng vic phi s dng thit b, dng c an ton v phng
tin bo v ph hp vi tng cng vic c th.
Ngi thc hin cng vic phi lm vic theo ng qui trnh k thut, bin
php m bo an ton cng nh cc qui nh v AT-VSL khc.
i vi cng vi c nguy him th phi c phiu nh gi ri ri ro v thc
hi n cc cc bi n php kim sot ri ro, cc cng vi c khc tun th qui trnh cp giy
php lm vic.
Trong khi lm vic hoc sau khi kt thc cng vic, nu thy thit b hoc khu
vc lm vic khng an ton th ngi thc hin cng vic phi c bin php x l
ngay. Nu khng x l c, ngi thc hin cng vic phi treo bin cnh bo, cch
ly khu vc ng thi bo co cp trn v thng bo cho cc bn lin quan.
2.3.2.3 Lm vic trong vng nguy him
Mi hot ng trong vng nguy him (k c vic i vo vng nguy him) phi
c bo trc cho ngi ph trch khu vc v ch tin hnh khi c ngi ph trch
khu vc cho php.
Ngi ph trch khu vc c trch nhim ph bin cho ngi ln u i vo
khu vc nguy him: Yu t nguy him, c hi trong khu vc; cc kh nng nguy him
xy ra, li thot him, v tr cc phng tin an ton, s cu. Hng dn bin php
phng v x l khi s c, tai nn xy ra.
Ti mi vng nguy him phi c du hiu thng bo: Khong cch an ton,
cc yu t nguy him. Nim yt bng hng dn cch phng nga v cch x l khi c
s c, tai nn.
Ngi i vo vng nguy him ti thiu phi mang giy, m, qun o bo h
lao ng, ngoi ra cn mang thm cc phng tin bo v khc ph hp vi tnh cht
nguy him ca khu vc, v d nh: Qun o, giy ng chng ha cht, mt n th, knh
an ton, bt tai chng n
2.3.3 Hot ng trong vng nguy him chy, n
43
47
CNG THOT
HIM
PHNG
I U KHI N
CNG THOT
HIM
CNG THOT
HIM
KHU VC
VN
PHNG
24-April-03
CNG CH NH
48
2.3.13 Gii thiu lc lng, phng tin phnng chy cha chy trn cng trnh kh
Ti Nh my x l kh Dinh C v Cng PV GAS Vng Tu trong cc ca vn hnh
u bin ch 01 tiu i PCCC lm vic theo ca; cc thit b PCCC c trang b nh
sau:
Bng 2.2.2: Phng tin cha chy trn cng trnh kh
TT
a im
Tn thit b
Nh my GPP
Cng PV GAS
Vng Tu
I
1
2
3
4
5
II
1
Thit b cnh bo
u d kh
u d la
u bo nhit
u bo khi
Cc nt nhn khn cp, loa
Thit b cha chy
H thng cha chy t ng
bng nc
H thng cha chy t ng
bng CO2
H thng cha chy t ng
bng bt (Foam)
Cc tr nc cha chy (hy
1 xe
1 xe
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
bt xch tay, xe y b v
6
Foam
Xe cha chy
51 ci
u d nhit:
23 ci
u d khi:
28 ci
u d kh:
90 ci
n chp:
09 ci
Ci bo ng:
02 ci
u d lng:
01 dy
52
H thng bm nc cu ha: 03 my
bm. Phn phi nc cho cc tr nc
cha chy (Hydrant), cc sng phun monitor,
h thng phun sng (Water Spray)
02 bm chnh P-71 A/B: Cng sut 340 m3/h/my.
01 Bm b p P-73: Cng sut 30 m3/h.
Hnh: H thng bm cu ha
Tr nc cha chy (Hydrant): 22
tr c b tr xung quanh nh my,
cch nhau khong 50m 80m. Mi
tr nc cha chy c hp 1 lng A
v 2 cun vi
Hnh: Tr nc cha chy
Sng phun monitor: 05 ci b tr ti
khu vc cng ngh v trm nn u vo.
Cc hp ng lng, vi cha chy:
24 hp (48 cun vi, 24 lng) c
b tr theo tng khu vc thit b trong nh my
Hnh: Sng phun monitor
53
54
Hin GPP ang ci to, xy dng h thng cha chy bng nc thay cho h thng
cha chy bng CO2 ti khu vc trm Dinh C c.
H thng cha chy di ng gm:
Nh my c trang b 01 xe cha
chy cng y cc trang b v
phng tin: Lng, vi, foam,
km theo trc PCCC 24/24;
Hnh: Xe cha chy
55
2.3.14 Kh r r
Tt c cc im r r cht c hoc kh chy u phi c treo bin cnh bo,
hng ngy o gim st nng r r v c bin php khc phc.
Nhng im r r khi o c nng kh chy >60%LEL phi khc phc ngay
cng sm cng tt. Trong thi gian ny nhn vin vn hnh phi tng cng kim sot,
hn ch ngi qua li. Di di cch ly trit ngun nhit/in gn k v sn sng ng
cu nu c chy n xy ra.
2.3.15 ng cu khn cp
Mi ngi lm vic trong khu vc sn xut ca cng ty nh vn hnh, phng
chy cha chy, bo v u c trch nhim sn sng ng cu nu tnh hung khn
cp xy ra.
Khi pht hin cc yu t nguy him c th gy s c phi lp tc bo cho
ngi chu trch nhim khu vc tm bin php x tr.
Tun th nhng mnh lnh ca cp trn, thao tc ng qui trnh ng cu
c hun luyn nh thng tin phi hp, c lp, gim p, x kh, ngt dng, vn hnh
thit b cha chy .
Tham gia gii quyt cc hu qu ca s c.
2.3.16 Giao ca
Giao ca ng v tr quy nh.
56
Phi bn giao cng vic cho ca sau mt cch y , c bit cc cng vic
cn ang dang d cn theo di gim st cht ch.
Khi giao ca phi bn giao cng vic v c ti sn v k nhn vo s giao ca.
2.4 An ton phng chng chy n do tnh in trong tn tr xut nhp xng du
2.4.1 Nguy c tnh in v cc cht ph gia tnh in
2.4.1.1 Gii thiu chung
Nguy c tnh in trong ngnh xng du l mt ch c xem xt nhiu ln
nhng vn cn tip tc xem xt na. Vic x l cc hydrocacbon d chy vi cc tnh
hung tch n qu mc c t ra cng lun tm n cc ri ro. K t nm 1960 n
1961, vin du m M API lit k c 121 v chy n trong qu trnh tra, np
xng du cho sitec. Khong 70% trong s xy ra trong qu trnh sang np t sn
phm c p sut hi cao sang sn phm c p sut hi thp, v d np sitec ang ch
xng sang diezen hoc du ha, nhin liu bay. Gn mt na xy ra khu lc tinh
ang thc hin trn tuyn ng. C v s cc tai nn xy ra khi i lung cho my lc.
Mc d cng tc thng k trn gip ch rt nhiu cho cnh bo ci thin tnh
hnh chy n nhng ti nn ni chung vn xy ra.
Tuy khng phi l tt c, nhng a s cc v tai nn tnh in l c th ngn
chn, phng chng c. Hu nh tt c cc s c v tnh in u xy ra cng mt
kiu v mc d c kinh nghim dy dn nhng cng khng th m bo rng thao
tc s c thc hin tuyt i an ton.
Ni dung chnh ca phn ny s ni v s tnh in c p dng cho nhin
liu hydrocacbon, dung mi v mt s bin php i ph thng c p dng nh s
dng mt s ph da ci thin tnh dn in
2.4.1.2 S tch in
S tch in xy ra khi cc b mt khc nhau c xc vo nhau: dng nhin liu
chy qua ng ng hoc khi trn cht rn vo trong cht lng, khi dng khng kh
i qua cnh qut hoc s lng ca nc qua cc hydrocacbon tuy nhin nhng hin
tng ny th t hn v khng r rng.
Mc to nn s tnh in ph thuc vo bn cht hai b mt. in tch
c tch khi t mt b mt v c mang n b mt kia. Trong trng hp nhin
57
Bn thn vic tra np xng khng c nguy c v tnh in v khng gian th hi, t
bit ch pha trn b mt cht lng l c giu hi nhin liu sn sng pht chy. Phn
xng ng li, t bit nhit thp, khi xy ra ngng t th cng d dng bt chy.
Cc sn phm c p sut hi trung bnh nh nhin liu phn lc JP 4 , toluene, v cc
dung mi khc c th to ra mi trng d chy v s bt chy c th d dng xy ra t
tia la in nu c nng lng gy chy. Ha hon cng tng xy ra vi cc sn
phm c p sut hi thp nh KO, DO khi bc hi v ta ra di dng m sng.
mi t cc m sng ca cc cht cn phi c tia la in c nng lng cao hn.
Vic mi chy cc m song c th d dng trnh c nu c thit b v phng php
thc hnh thch hp. Phng php cp xng du t y vt cha ln c th gim c
nguy c chy do m sng, nhng vic np t y cng khng th gim c ng k
kh nng bt chy ca hi nhin liu.
Cc hydrocacbon khng tch in i vo sitec cha v b tch in mt t khi i
qua cc ng ng, v c th b tch in cao khi i qua my bm v cc my mc
khc c bit qua b lc. Khi s tch in mc cao m dn in li thp, in
tch s tch t li cng vi nhin liu trong xe bn v do ton b h thng c ni
t nn s phng in gy chy c th khng xy ra, nhng nu mi trng to mt
hn hp c th chy th s bt chy vn c th xy ra.
2.4.2 Lm th no gim ti a vic pht sinh in tch
Ni chung, hin nay vn cn qu t cc n lc khng ch xu hng tch
in ca nhin liu, ngha l khng ch cc tp cht dng vt dn n s tch in khc
thng. Nguyn nhn l do c nhiu loi tp cht v cc lai ph gia c trong nhin
liu iu c xu hng in tch ring trn cc b mt khc nhau. V vy ngi ta buc
phi tha nhn mt khong rng gi tr in tch c th pht ng trong h thng x l
nhin liu. Tr khi ph gia dn in c p dng, lu tc chy qua h thng ng cn
phi hn ch n 7m/s. iu cn c tnh ton da trn ng ng c bn knh nh
nht trong h thng v trong khong thi gian 100s chy ti u vo ca thng cha.
Ti a s cc nh my lc du, my bm thng c t kh xa hng xut
ca xe bn hoc cc phng tin cha khc. Tuy nhin, cc thit b lc tinh li c xu
hng lp gn ni hng xut nhm m bo yu cu lc sch cho nhin liu. y l
60
64
SS: trm tr gip (Support Station), cha cc thng tin tr gip vic qun l
vn hnh, bo dng h thng.
Control Station: trm iu khin cc b, mi chc nng iu khin c tp
trung ti y.
I/O: cc module vo ra
A: thit b chp hnh (Actuator) l cc ng c, bm, van
S: cm bin (Sensor)
S d h thng SSD/F&G c s dng rng ri nh vy l do n c cc u im
ni bt sau:
C phn mm thit k (trn my ES) gip qun l vic thit k ton b h thng
d dng, thng nht.
H thng SSD/F&G c tin cy v linh hot cao, v c bit l kh nng
lm vic theo thi gian thc.
H tr vic qun l, phn quyn, an ton trong vn hnh.
65
66
Hnh 2.5.1.5 Cc n hin th trng thi dng/p sut/lu lng thp (phng iu
khin)
67
68
Thng bo s c ln h thng
Trng ca/nhn vin y quyn Trng ca thng bo ln cp trn
Thng bo cho cc n v (KCTV/PMPC/114)
Trng ca ch huy ng cu s c (cho n khi c cp cao hn n hin trng
th bn giao)
2.5.2.1 c im c lin quan n CSCKC
V tr a l: Nh my Ch bin Condensate nm trong khu cng nghip Ci
mp, x Tn Phc, huyn Tn Thnh, tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Nh my nm cch
ng Quc l 51 6km v pha ng, cch TP H Ch Minh 70km cch TP Vng tu
40km theo quc l 51. Pha Ty tip gip vi kho LPG ca Cng ty Ch bin v kinh
doanh cc sn phm Kh v Nh my Nha PMPC.
Giao thng bn trong v bn ngoi: Nh my c Nh thu nc ngoi thit
k theo cc tiu chun phng chy ca Quc t, ng ni b trong nh my c tri
nha thun tin cho xe cu ho i qua cc cm thit b chiu rng ca ng l 6,5 m.
Bn ngoi hng ro c ng bao quanh l 10m. Khong cch n i Cnh st phng
chy v cha chy qun l a bn Th x B Ri l 20km cch Cng an huyn Tn
Thnh 07 Km. Do vy Nh my cng cc n v ln cn lun phi hp vi nhau
luyn tp cc tnh hung ng cu s c khn cp. Cc phng tin cu ho i ng
965 vo Nh my theo cc cng:
- Hai cng chnh
- Mt cng ph
- Hai cng thot him
Ti nh my condensate c cc bn cha sau:
Bng 2.4.1: Bn cha ti nh my condensate
S lng
Sc cha
(bn)
(m3)
TK 11A/B
02
600
Bn tr ng
TK 12A/B
02
5700
Bn tr ng
TK 13A/B
02
5700
Loi bn
Tn bn
Bn tr ng
71
Bn tr ng
TK 15
01
1000
Bn tr ng
TK 16
01
2000
Bn tr ng
TK 17A/B
02
2000
C hai loi ng mm :
-Loi ng D= 65mm, di 20 m mt ng
-Loi ng D = 49 mm di 30 m mt ng
-Cc u ni gim tng t 65 -> 49 mm
-Hng cu ha 4 inch c van bm u ng mm 2 inch dng thp nht l 379 lt /
pht t nh nht l 4,5 at
-Hng 6 inch c sng lp trc tip 4 inch dng thp nht l 1893 lt /pht, at thp nht
l 4,5 at
Nc cu ha V51 =1600 m3 v ngun nc sng Ci Mp.
Cc h thng u d la, kh, khi, xng... bo chy t ng
Cc h thng bnh bt, bt CO2
H thng loa phng thanh k tn, m hiu khi c s c xy ra.
H thng Foam: Cha chy cc bn cha, cc trm bm, trm xut xe bn.
Cc bnh cha chy CO2: c lp t ti cc khu vc vn phng, khu vc phng
MCC, khu vc vc nh kho, khu vc nh xng.
Lc lng: c bn Tiu i Bo v - PCCC chuyn nghip ngoi ra tt c cn b cng
nhn vin trong Nh my u c hun luyn PCCC thnh thc do phng PC-23
Cng an tnh B Ria - Vng Tu o to v c cp chng ch khng thi hn.
2.5.2 Phng php CSCKC
2.5.2.1 Nguyn tc chung
Lc lng ng cu khn cp ti ch do Gim c Nh my ch huy (ban u
nu Gim c khng c mt th Ph Gim c, hoc i trng Bo v - An ton ch
huy) s c triu tp ngay lp tc khi c bo ng x l s c lin quan n cc
hot ng vn hnh ca h thng.
Lc lng ng cu phi c h tr y trong mi hot ng hn ch
ti a hu qu ca s c v khc phc hu qu cng nhanh cng tt theo th t u tin
sau:
+ m bo an ton cho CBCNV
+ Bo m mi trng.
+ Bo v ti sn, thit b.
74
PCCC, bo dng sa cha bo v tin hnh ng cu khn cp theo chc nng nhim
v ca tng b phn. Ngay lp tc c lp vng ni xy ra s c gim thiu cc thit
hi c th xy ra, s dng ngun lc v cc trang thit b sn c thc hin ng cu v
ng thi c cng bo ngay cho i Bo v - An ton, Gim c Nh my Ch bin
Condensate v cc n v lin quan theo quy trnh thng bo - Bo ng CKC.
Bc 2: Nu lc lng CKC ti ch khng kh nng CKC, Gim c
Nh my Ch bin Condensate bo co Tng Gim c Cng ty. Tu theo mc s
c Gim c Nh my s quyt nh bo cho Chnh quyn, Cng an a phng, PC-23
tnh B Ra - Vng Tu, Bnh Vin B Ra xin h tr CKC.
Bc 3:Trng hp CKC cp II, nu thy cn thit Gim c Nh my
xut Tng Gim c Cng ty triu tp ban ch o ch o cc Phng chc nng,
yu cu lc lng bn ngoi h tr CKC v bo co Tng Cng ty theo quy nh.
Bc 4: Khi xy ra ng CKC cp III, xt thy mc s c, tai nn xy ra
vt qa mi n lc ca PV OIL. Yu cu Ban ch o gip. Tng Gim c Tng
Cng ty bo co khn cp BC Tp on Du kh Vit Nam v yu cu h tr ca Tp
on Du Kh Vit Nam p dng k hoch hnh ng trong tnh hung khn cp
ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 3536/DK- KHCNMT ngy 9/10/1997 cu Tp on Du
Kh Vit Nam.
2.5.2.3 Phng php ng cu cho tng khu vc v cc yu cu
Di dy l mt s tnh hung CKC in hnh v cc hnh ng c bn
x l ca vn hnh vin Trng ca , K s cng ngh, K s in, lc lng Bo v
-PCCC. Tnh hung s c sy ra thc t c th ri vo cc tnh hung CKC ny hoc
l s kt hp cc tnh hung. Trong mi trng hp s c r r kh hoc chy n xy ra
lc lng CKC ti ch phi hp theo cc bc thc hin quy trnh CKC v nhim
v ca tng b phn, c xc nh phn phn nh trch nhim CKC vi
nguyn tc c bn sau:
S tn, c ngi ra khu vc an ton
C lp dng thit b trong khu vc hoc dng ton b hot ng ca Nh my
rin khai phng n PCCC.
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Khi bo ng tnh trng khn cp, tt c mi ngi khng c trch nhim tham gia ng
cu phi thot khi khu vc nguy him .
Dng cc bm cng ngh, ng cc van c lp thit b c lp khn cp vng b s c.
Nhanh chng c lp in khu vc s c.
M cc van x nc, vn hnh monitor phun nc c nh, iu chnh v tr vi phun
v phun nc vo gc la.(Vo trung tm m chy)
Lin lc vi Trung tm yt nu c ngi b thng.
77
Kim tra tnh hnh nh gi quy m m chy, loi cht chy, v tr m chy hng
gi, bn cha v thit b no ang b nh hng bc x nhit bi m chy.
Trong trng hp lc lng CKC ti ch khng kim sot c m chy, Gim c
Nh my yu cu tr gip t lc lng, phng tin PCCC ca Tng Cng ty, chnh
quyn a phng.
Nu thc hin vic c lp v x gim p, cc phng php cha chy t ra khng
hiu qa gim quy m ca m chy, bo co Gim c Nh my xem xt, lnh
s tn khn cp tt c ngi cn li ra khi Nh my ngay lp tc ti a im tp kt
an ton.
Thng bo Ban KT-AT Tng Cng ty v tnh hnh s c thi gian c lng ngng
hot ng ca Nh my, thng bo v Tng kho xng du, X Nghip Tng kho Vng
Tu phi hp ng cu.
nh gi kh nng ng cu, quy m s c v yu cu h tr khi thy cn thit.
+ Ghi ch:
-
Khi bo ng tnh trng khn cp, tt c mi ngi khng c trch nhim tham gia ng
cu phi thot khi khu vc nguy him theo s thot him v tp kt ti ni an ton.
Thc hin c lp dng bm xut sn phm v van c lp thit b sn xut (khi xut sn
phm) hoc bo cho tu dng lm hng, dng bm (khi nhp sn phm qua Cng
PVGas)
Gii phng tu thuyn ang lm hng thot ra khi cu cng.
X gim p cho cc thit b lin quan.
Thng bo, bo co BCH v cc n v lin quan v tnh hung CKC.
Trin khai hot ng cha chy v s tn cu ngi b nn.
Lin lc vi bnh vin B Ra (S in thoi 115) nu c ngi b thng.
78
Kim tra tnh hnh nh gi quy m m chy, loi cht chy, hng gi, nguy c
nh hng n thit b ln cn.
Nu thc hin vic c lp v x gim p, hoc cc phng php cha chy khc t
ra khng hiu qa gim quy m ca m chy, Gim c Nh my lnh di tn khn
cp tt c ngi cn li ra khi Nh my ngay lp tc ti a im tp kt an ton.
nh gi kh nng ng cu quy m s c v yu cu h tr khi thy cn thit.
Chy ti Vn phng, Nh xng bo dng hoc Nh kho:
Khi bo ng tnh trng khn cp, tt c mi ngi khng c trch nhim tham
gia ng cu phi thot khi khu vc nguy him theo s thot him v tp kt
ti ni an ton.
Thng bo, bo co BCH v cc n v lin quan v cc tnh hung CKC.
Lc lng UCKC ti ch, s dng cc thit b cha chy di ng thch hp, cu
ngi b nn.
Trong trng hp chy ti Phng iu khin, n nt c lp khn cp cng ngh
phng cc tnh hung khc pht sinh.
Nhanh chng c lp in khu vc nh hng.
Khi ng bm cu ha v theo di tnh trng ca bm, bo m hot ng lin
tc ca bm.
nh ga kh nng ng cu quy m s c, v yu cu h tr khi thy cn thit.
Chy khu vc thit b in (Nh MCC, phng my pht in):
Khi bo ng tnh trng khn cp, tt c mi ngi khng c trch nhim tham
gia ng cu phi thot khi khu vc nguy him theo s thot him v tp kt
ti ni an ton.
Thng bo, bo co BCH v cc n v lin quan v cc tnh hung CKC.
Lc lng CKC ti ch, s dng cc thit b cha chy di ng thch hp, cu
ngi b nn.
Yu cu k s in tin hnh c lp in khu vc nh hng.
Khi ng bm Cu ha v theo di tnh trng ca bm, bo m hot ng
lin tc ca bm.
79
Quy trnh tp trung vo cc bin php p dng khi trn Du /Condensate vi khi
lng ln hoc khi lng nh nhng c kh nng gy tc hi ln i vi mi trng,
i vi vng nhy cm mi trng cao.
Ngoi ra quy trnh phn nh trch nhim ngha v, cc bc hnh ng cn thit
trong tnh hung trn Du/Condensate trong hot ng ch bin, sn xut kinh doanh
ca CPP.
Phm vi ng dng:
p dng cho Du /Condensate b trn ra ngoi ti khu vc bn b Nh my Ch bin
Condensate.
Phn h thng ng ng cng ngh v cc bn b cha trong phm vi Nh my Ch
bin Condensate.
2.5.3.1 Xc nh v phn lai ng cu
Nguyn nhn v nh gi ri ro
Nguyn nhn: Du / Condensate b trn gy nhim mi trng v ri ro chy n, thit
hi v ti sn, con ngi.v.vc th do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau nh:
S r r ng ng, h thng chng ct.
Trn bn b trong khi tin hnh bm chuyn bn, pha trn, nhp Condensate,
Reformate.
S c i vi h thng bm xut, cn xut, v cc thit b c cha xng du.
Phn cp ng cu khn cp: Quy m s c v phn cp ng cu trn Du /
Condensate theo khi lng quy nh phn cp trn du c Tng Cng ty nu ti
Quyt nh s 949/Q- KHCNMT ngy 05 thng 3 nm 2001 ban hnh K hoch ng
ph s c trn Du ca Tng Cng ty.
Cp I: Di 50 tn Du / Condensate
Cp II: Di 300 tn Du / Condensate
Cp III: Trn 300 tn Du / Condensate.
2.4.3 Phng php ng cu s c trn du/condensate
Yu cu ngn chn, c lp ngay lp tc s r r t ngun trn theo quy trnh
vn hnh, quy trnh ng cu khn cp s c tai nn ph duyt.
81
86
87
Trc tip gip Trng ban trong vic iu hnh cng vic ca Ban ch o
CKC, trc tip ch o chuyn vin gip vic.
Trc tip ch o CKC ti hin trng trong tnh hnh s c c bit nghim
trng; u mi tng hp cc thng tin lin quan ti tnh hnh s c, tai nn; chu
trch nhim lin lc vi cc c quan ngoi cng ty tham gia phi hp cc hot
ng CKC.
Ph trch vic son tho cc vn bn, bo co lin quan s c, tai nn.
Trong mt s trng hp khi Trng ban y quyn cho y vin thng trc,
ngi c y quyn c th thay mt Trng ban iu hnh cng vic ca Ban
ch o CKC.
Cc thnh vin khc trong Ban ch o.
Tr gip Trng ban trong ch o, iu hnh phi hp CKC v nhng ni
dung c lin quan n nghip v, chuyn mn, phng chc nng, n v trc
thuc Cng ty .
Khi cn thit, c th trc tip ph trch mt n v hoc mt b phn tham gia
CKC.
Chu trch nhim nhng cng vic c th theo s phn cng, ch nh ca
Trng ban.
--
89
91
Hun luyn
* Hun luyn c bn:
Tt c CBCNV lin quan lm vic trong Nh my u phi c ph bin, hng dn
v Quy trnh ny v c o to v hiu bit c bn v tnh hung CKC, nguyn
nhn s c tai nn, nh gi mc s c v phn loi tnh hung CKC, nguyn tc
ng cu, phng php ng cu c th cho cc khu vc, c cu t chc phn nh trch
nhim, cc bc tin hnh CKC, quy trnh thng bo- bo ng, thng tin lin lc,
phi hp ng cu, ghi s nht k theo quy trnh
Thi gian thc hin: 2 nm/ ln
* Hun luyn chuyn su:
Cho cc thnh vin BC tp trung vo phng php, chin lc, chin thut v ngun
lc ng cu thc hin CKC.
Cho cc thnh vin ban ch o tp trung vo cng tc qun l v ch o ng cu,
qun l khng hong, chin lc ng cu, nh gi chin lc ng cu, cc vn mi
trng, cc kha cnh php l, hp tc thng tin i chng
Thi gian thc hin: 2 nm/1 ln.
Din tp:
Din tp cho lng CKC nhm t chc thc hin tt quy trnh Thng bo/Bo
ng, x l CKC.
Sau din tp phi c tng kt v nh gi v thi gian v phng thc ca
Thng bo/Bo ng cp nht, hon thin h thng Thng bo/Bo ng.
Mc tiu chnh ca din tp l kim tra cc hot ng thc t trong vic chun
b sn sng cho CKC s c tai nn v xc nh nhu cu hun luyn b sung.
Ni dung ca din tp ch trng vo:
Cc hiu bit v ni dung quy trnh CKC.
H thng thng tin lin lc v hp tc, phi hp.
Kh nng quyt nh, mnh lnh v nhn lnh theo thi gian trong khi tin hnh
cc hot ng CKC.
Trch nhim v nhim v c th ca tng v tr, c nhn, t chc.
2.5.6 Cc vn khc
93
2.5.6.1 Quy nh chung m bo an ton thng tin lin lc, x l tt CKC ban u
Cc knh thng tin lin lc gia Nh my v nhng thnh vin lin quan (Nh
My ch bin Condensate, Tng kho xng du Vng tu, Kho Cng Th vi, cc Nh
my c u ni xut nhp sn phm qua kho cng, tu thuyn trong thi gian vo lm
hng ti kho cng, cc thnh vin trong BC, BCH) phi thng sut 24/24.
Trong trng hp h thng thng tin lin lc b trc trc, cc bn c trch nhim
phi hp, h tr nhau sa cha a h thng hot ng tr li trong thi gian
ngn nht.
Phng tin thng tin lin lc chnh trong qu trnh hot ng ti Nh my
thng qua b m, in thoi ni b v ng di, trong trng hp s c thng
tin chnh gia lc lng ng cu ti hin trng v phng iu khin, tu,
PMPC , PV GAS thng qua b m v s c quy nh mt knh s dng
ring trong trng hp khn cp.
Ngn ng chnh s dng l ting vit .
2.5.6.2 Cu nn/ s cp cu y t ban u.
Hai nguyn tc p dng cho tai nn ngi b thng lin quan vic s cp cu
ban u vn chuyn n c s y t, bnh vin gn nht:
Khi xy ra s c, tai nn phi in thoi lin h khn vi cc n v y t gn
nht, gi xe cu thng.
Nhng ngi b thng, k c ngi cht u phi c c chm sc y t ban
u ngay sau khi cu nn ra khi s c, tai nn.
Ngay lp tc dng phng tin vn chuyn chuyn dng, xe cu thng a
n bnh vin.
2.5.6.3 Thay i, hon thin, cp nht: Quy trinh ny c cp nht sa i trnh G
ph duyt ngay cho ph hp vi thc t.
2.6 Phng chy cha chy v vn mi trng nh my lc du Ct Li
2.6.1 Phng chy cha chy
2.6.1.1. Mc ch
94
STT
Loi hi t
Nng thc t
SO2 (mg/m3)
12-12.5
20
H2S (mg/m3)
Vt rt nh
10
CO (mg/m3)
10
30
CO2 (% 0)
1.7
1-5
Bi khi (ht/cm3)
105
1000
Nc thi t cc b
phn tin mui
Nc thi t cc bnh
tch sn phm
Lu lng (m3/h)
Mui Cl 200-280
Cht ph nh 300
Du kh 3000
3000
98
Nc ma nhim du
trong 15 giy u
- Du 20
10-100
- Cht l lng 20
99
n da l khi tip xc thng xuyn hay tip xc trong thi gian di vi cc sn phm
du khong c th to ra cc tnh trng ca da khc nhau m c th xut hin c lp
hay cng lc nh sau:
S vim da do b chy rm khi tip xc vi cc cht c tnh cht gy chy. Cc cht
ny tc ng n da ca tt c mi ngi mt d mc gy hi l khc nhau. Cc
nhin liu, c bit l cht lng c nht thp lm chy v mt nc ca da nn da
kh, d gy vim da v nhim trng. Hin tng vim da do b chy rm l ph bin
i vi da tip xc thng xuyn hay trong thi gian lu i vi cc sn phm du
khong.
S vim da do d ng xut hin ch nhng ngi rt nhy i vi mi loi ha cht
c th m do kt qu ca nhng ln tip xc trc . S chy rm ca da trong nhng
trng hp cng ging nh s vim da do chy rm nhng c mc nng hi d
ch tip xc qua vi cht .
Trong c hai trng hp trn, s chy rm lm cho da tr nn v nga. Nhng mn
nc nh c th xut hin v v ra lm cho b mt da kh v bong ra v d dn n nt
n v gy chy mu. S vim da pht trin trong thi gian di c th lm cho da dy v
c vy. Vim da do bnh ngh nghip thng xut hin cng tay, mu bn tay v gia
cc ngn tay nhng cng c th nh hng n bt c vng no tip xc vi cht .
Mc d vic vim da c th xut hin cc la tui nhng phn ln xut hin tui
trung nin, c trng hp phi sau 20 nm sau hoc hn khi tip xc vi chnh cht .
Khi b vim da mt ln, da khng th tr li tnh trng ban u, ngay c khi trnh
tip xc vi tt c cc cht nh hng khc. V vy vic phng nga bnh vim da l
rt cn phi c quan tm v quan tm mt cch xng ng.
Khi nang du hay mn trng c xut hin l do kt qu ca vic tip xc ca da vi
cc sn phm du khong (c bit l nhng qun o b du s lm cho da tip xc
lu vi du ). Du hiu u tin th hin thng l nhng mn du en nhng
nhng ngi nhy cm hi c th phi chu ng cc mn hat m nht.
Da tip xc thng xuyn v lu vi mt loi du bi trn, cc loi xng du, hay
nhin liu c nhm hydroccbua thm (c bit l cc du nng), c bit vi ch v
sinh c nhn khng tt c th dn n nhng vng da dy hay ni mn cm. Trong mt
101
102
s dng thng xuyn (t nht l sau mi ca lm vic) v chng gip thay th cc cht
du t nhin v chng kh da.
2.8 An ton trong nh my du nhn Vilube
2.8.1 An ton lao ng
Ton b cn b, cng nhn nh my iu phi trang b y bo h v
thit b bo h lao ng : nn, khu trang, gng tay
Lm vic ng gi quy nh, mi trng lm vic t tiu chun, c bi
dng sc khe, nu lm vic tng ca c bi dng n ung thm.
c hc v t vn v tnh c hi ca sn phm v a ra cc bin php hn
ch, phng trnh.
Trong khu vc lm vic u c ni quy,quy nh v an ton lao ng v v
sinh cng nghip va m bo sc khe, tnh mng cho cn b, cng nhn vin va
m bo c nng sut lao ng.
2.8.2 An ton phng chy cha chy
Do tnh cht cha chy ca sn phm nn cn b cng nhn vin u c tm
hiu v c thc cao v an ton phng chy,cha chy.
Bn cnh , nh my trang b y cc thit b phng tin phng chy
cha chy nh bnh CO2, bnh bt kh xch tay v xe y loi bnh treo cha chy t
ng c b tr cc v tr d gy ra chy n v v tr thun li cho vic a vo s
dng nu c s c, ngoi ra cn c bao b,h ct,nc
Mi ni trong nh my treo cc khu lnh v phng chy cha chy cng nh
cc bin php cu cha nu c s c xy ra.
Cc cn b , cng nhn vin nh my cng thng xuyn c luyn tp, gi
nh cc tnh hung chy, tp dt cc phng n phng chy cha chy.
Cc thit b phng chy cha chy thng xuyn c kim tra bo dng
nh k m bo hiu qu s dng an ton. Quy nh nghim cm mc cu in mt
cch t khng m bo an ton.
2.8.3 X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip
Do tnh cht ca sn phm,cht ph thi rt nguy him i vi sc khe ca
cn b cng nhn vin ni ring v nh hng rt nghim trng n mi trng nn
103
105
106
Khu vc
V tr
MINIMUM PPE
M bo
Giy
Gng
Knh
bo h
bo h
an ton
bo h
ca
PMPC
cc khu Canteen
vc
khc
Thng cha VCM
Thng cha du
nhin liu
Thp lm lnh
VC SLURRY
Phng th nghim
Khu sn
Nh iu khin
xut v
trung tm
nh lm Bm nc cha
vic
chy
Khu vc sy
Khu vc h tr
Nc kh khong
Hi nng
Khu vc sn xut
chnh
Hng tun nh my lun t chc cc bui din tp phng chng chy n, h thng cu
ha trong nh my c kim tra rt nghim ngt. i cu ha ca nh my lun tc
trc sn sng nhm phng cc s c c th xy ra.
2.9.2 Nh my m Ph M
2.9.2.1 Cng tc qun l mi trng
Cc ngun cht thi c trong nh my:
Cht thi rn: rc thi sinh hat, ph liu pht sinh trong qu trnh bo dng, cc lai
xc tc rn ht hiu lc s dng.
Cht thi lng: cc dng cht thi cha ha cht, nc thi sinh hat, nc lm mt.
Cht thi kh: kh thi t Gasturbine, l hi ph tr, h thng primary reformer, nh
thp to ht v h thng uc t
2.9.2.2 Cht thi rn v bin php x l
Khi lng cht thi rn: khong 730tn/nm
Thnh phn cht thi rn
-
2.9.2.3 X l nc thi
Lng nc s dng v ngun cp nc:
Nc ngt c cung cp bi cng ty cp nc tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Nhu cu s
dng ca nh my l 150m3/h. Trong , 120m3/h c s dng cho sn xut hi nc,
cn li c s dng cho sinh hat v cc hng nc ra trong nh my.
Nc sng th Vi dung b sung cho h thng nc lm mt 2000m 3/h, nc song vo
nh my c b sung cht ng cn, cht dit khun v c s dng cho cc thit b
trao i nhit trong dy chuyn sn xut sau c tun han lm lnh s dng li
v mt phn c thi b.
112
Lu lng
(Nm3/h)
Nhit (oC)
ng khi
ng khi
ng khi
TCVN
Refomer 10-
Gastur 10-B-
Boiler 10-B-
6991:2001
SK-2001
221.080
9001
364.200
8001
45.080
162
236
151
113
Thnh
phn
(mg/Nm3)
xy
3%
15%
3%
150
CO
max 150
max 150
Max 150
150
SOX
300
NOX
max 250
Max 103
Max 250
400
Bi
8,0
Danh mc
Ch tiu
Khng kh x t nh thp to
Tiu chun
ht:
Lu lng (Nm3/h)
760.000
Nhit (oC)
45
Bi Ure (mg/Nm3)
35
50 (TC NHTG)
NH3 (mg/Nm3)
30
30 (TCVN 69912001)
(KCN=0,6;
Kh thi t uc t:
KV=1
Lu lng ((Nm3/h)
700
Q<5000 m3/h)
NO2 (mg/m3)
42
600
NH3 (mg/m3)
Max 60
60
K hiu
10-SK-
Tn ng thi
Chiu cao
ng khi thit b Reforming
40m
114
2001
10-B-
th cp
ng khi ni hi ph tr
30m
8001
10-B-
30m
4
5
9001
20-Z-1008 uc t thp to ht
40-PKuc t kh tng hp/ kh
110m
45m
1001/1002 NH3
20-PKuc t thp p xng Ure
110m
1005
H thng uc t
H thng uc t kh tng hp cng sut: 298,190 kg/h.
H thng uc t ammoniac cng sut: 349, 674 kg/h.
H thng uc t: h thng uc t s oxy ha c kh d chy, c v kh d n mn
thnh cc hp cht t c hi. H thng bo m hiu sut t chy cao phn tn
tt, gim nng cc cht nhim.
Chng trnh gim st mi trng, gim st mi trng khng kh.
Gim st bng hai trm quan trc t ng t hai v tr chin lc trong nh my theo
hai hng gi ch o. Cc d liu c truyn v my tinh trung tm 15pht/ln,
gm: bi, NH3, CO, NO2.
TT
1
Tn v tr
Ch tiu gim st
Trm quan trc s 1 (40- Bi, NH3, CO, NO2
EMS-1001)
Trm quan trc s 2 (40- Bi, NH3, CO, NO2
EMS-1002)
115
V tr thu mu
Cc thng s gim st
A - Nh my x l kh Dinh C
L1-1
K/v nh n
L1-2
L2-1 K/v ngoi hng ro gn khu
2.
L2-2 vc Flare-Burnpit
4.
6.
B Cng PVGAS B Ra
L5-1
K/v nh n
8.
L5-2
L6-1 K/v Cng ngoi kho cng
10.
L6-2 cch hng ro 100m
12.
14.
16.
TT KH
V tr thu mu
Cc thng s gim st
118
TT KH
V tr thu mu
Cc thng s gim st
E11
18.
E1-
Kh thi my nn kh K1101-D
E219.
E2-
Kh thi my nn kh K 01-A
E321.
E3-
Kh thi my nn kh K -02/03
E423.
E4-
E525.
E5-
Kh thi my pht in G 72
E627.
E6-
iu kin ly mu: Gim st cht lng khng kh, kh thi v nc thi trong
tnh trng vn hnh bnh thng.
Tn sut: Ti mi im ly 2 mu vo hai thi im trong ngy lp li.
119
Cc ch tiu phn tch, gim st cht lng khng kh xung quanh: hm lng
bi l lng, SO2, NO2, CO, Hydrocacbon(CxHy) v H2S. (2 mu/im x 9 im = 18
mu).Kh thi cng nghip c kho st ti nh my Dinh C ti cc im thi c
nh vi cc thng s: bi, NOx, SO2, CO, CxHy v H2S, (08 ngun 02 ln= 16 mu).
Nc thi ly mu ti 05 v tr:
Bng 2.10.3 V tr ly mu nc
V tr ly mu
Thng s gim st
Thng s gim st
pH, c, mu,
cng, cn ton phn,
Vng tu
SO42-, E.coli
2.10.1.6 Phng php gim st v cc thit b do t
Cc phng php c s dng trong vic thc hin chng trnh gim st cht
lng mi trng:
Cc phng php ly mu, bo qun mu v phn tch: ph hp vi cc Tiu
chun Vit Nam (TCVN), Thng quy K thut Y hc Lao ng v V sinh Mi
trng (B Y t), T chc Tiu chun Quc t (ISO) v Standard Methods.
Phng php nh gi: Da trn cc ti liu hng dn tiu chun cht lng
mi trng Vit Nam t nm 2005 (TCVN) v v cc vn bn c lin quan.
i vi mu khng kh xung quanh v mi trng lao ng, chiu cao ly mu
k t mt sn 1,5 m. Tiu chun phng php v thit b c th nh sau:
120
THC (CxHy)
Kh Hydrosunphua (H2S)
Theo Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis (Tp 3 ca James P. Lodge, Jr.,Editor).
Thit b: Desaga 312 (c); Spectrophotometer Spectronic genesys-5 (M).
Pb bi
Theo TCVN 1652-1996 ( ISO 9855 - 1993),
Thit b: Hight sample HVC 500; AAS; Spectronic Genesy 5 (M);
Cc thng s ngun thi cng nghip
Bi tng cng
Theo TCVN 5977- 1995 (ISO 9096- 1992).
Thit b: Thit b gim st ngun SIBATA (Nht Bn).
Thng s
Nhit
cng
pH
SS
DO
COD
BOD5
Tng nit
Tng P
Du khong
Cu
Pb
Zn
Cd
Cr
Hg
Fe
N-NO2N-NO3ClE.coli
PO43-
2.10.2 Hin trng cht lng mi trng ti nh my GPP kho cng PVGAS Vng
Tu
2.10.2.1.iu kin a hnh, thi tit v c im ca nhng khu vc gim st
122
123
Nc thi pht sinh ti kho cng thi im kho st l rt t, h thng XLNT hin
ti tm ngng hot ng v khng c u vo.
Nhn dng cc vn mi trng:
Cng PVGAS vi c th l lu tr, xut nhp LPG v Condensat nn hu nh tc
ng n mi trng xung quanh l khng ng k, ch yu nht vn l vn nc
thi v qun l cht thi rn, ngoi ra kh thi t my pht in l ngun thi khng lin
tc, ch s dng trong trng hp d phng mt in li quc gia v vy tc ng ca
ngun ny l rt nh.
2.10.2.2 Kt qu phn tch
Cht lng khng kh xung quanh:
Bng 2.10.5 Cht lng khng kh xung quanh
Nng cht nhim (g/m3)
CO
NO2
SO2
Bi
H2S
CxHy
Pb
3.900
79
55
450
1,1
6.800
0,50
3.400
78
60
360
1,1
6.500
0,50
90
67
280
1,1
14.000 0,40
94
64
270
1,0
12.000 0,40
61
53
270
1,2
6.000
0,40
64
55
250
1,8
6.000
0,40
57
44
230
1,9
6.000
0,35
49
53
230
1,6
6.000
0,30
3.300
48
63
260
2,0
3.300
0,35
3.600
53
124
54
270
1,5
3.000
0,50
V tr thu mu
T H
A - Nh my x l kh Dinh C
L11
L1-
K/v nh n
L21
L22
L31
L32
L41
L52
K/v nh n
H
L6-
V tr thu mu
H2S
CxHy
Pb
48
61
340
1,4
2.400
0,30
46
60
320
1,2
2.500
0,30
47
41
340
1,2
2.100
0,45
45
42
330
1,0
2.500
0,30
40
56
240
1,4
4.100
0,50
50
52
250
1,6
4.000
0,50
35
27
200
1,2
3.100
0,20
30
43
200
1,4
3.000
0,20
200
350
300
1,50*
42
5.000
H2S
CxHy
830
660
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
440
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
< 0,01
2,2
L62
L71
L72
L81
L82
L91
V tr thu mu
T H
C Ngun thi ti N/m x l kh Dinh C
E1-1 Kh thi my nn kh K 1101E1-2 D
E2-1 Kh thi my nn kh K 01E2-2 A/B
E3-1
Kh thi my nn kh K 02/03
E3-2
E4-1
Kh thi my pht in G 72
E4-2
E5-1 Kh thi my pht in G 71E5-2 A
E6-1 Kh thi Heater H 31-A
125
135
120
6.380
6.970
8.200
8.450
1.615
1.745
5.125
4.740
28
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 10
20
12,0
10,0
6,0
12,0
15,0
10,0
12,0
14,9
24,0
32,0
8,1
2,2
3,0
2,6
2,7
2,6
2,9
2,1
2,0
2,2
3,6
V tr thu mu
H
E6-2
D Ngun thi ti Cng PVGas Vng Tu
E7-1
250
Kh thi my pht in 01
E7-2
210
TCVN 5939:2005
1.000
1.740
2.050
1.000
120
145
1.500
22,0
21,4
400
H2S
< 0,01
CxHy
3,8
< 0,01
< 0,01
7,5
1,0
1,1
-
n v
o
M1
M2
C
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
6,9
70
881
589
557
< 1,0
0,05
28,4
6,7
33
1.054
785
410
< 1,0
0,05
2,12
4,56
mg/l
<
<
mg/l
0,001
<
0,001
<
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
0,001
0,020
< 0,02
<
0,001
0,025
< 0,02
<
mg/l
0,001
<
0,001
<
Fe
mg/l
2S (sulfua) mg/l
Clmg/l
0,001
0,50
0,01
33
0,001
0,44
0,01
20
khong
Cu
Pb
Zn
Cr (VI)
Cd
Hg
M3
27
12
0,03
0,01
20
M4
M5
5945:2005
23
10
0,03
6,6
25
17
7
0,23
0,05
0,05
(B)
40
5,5-9,0
80,0
50,0
100
30,0
6,0
5,0
<
2,0
0,001
<
0,5
0,001
0,015
< 0,02
<
3,0
0,10
0,01
0,001
<
0,01
0,01
22
0,001
0,11
0,01
20
5,0
0,5
600
(clorua)
Ghi ch:
M1: Nc thi ti HTXL nc thi nhim du GPP (Y-71),
M2: Nc thi u ra HTXL nc thi nhim du GPP (sau coaleser),
126
TCVN
Thng s
n v
N1
N2
5502:200
pH
c
mu
cng
NTU
Pt - Co
mgCaCO3
6,6
3
2
6,4
3
1
3
6-8,5
5
15
225
123
300
mg/l
305
312
1000
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
5
0,10
21
0,15
0,27
5
0,12
20
0,17
0,24
0,5
250
1,0
10
mg/l
< 0,01
< 0,01
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100
0,01
0,01
0,2
0,01
0,01
0,2
0,7-1,5
-
KPH
/l
Cn
ton
phn
COD
Fe
Cl- (clorua)
Nitrit (NO2-)
Nitrat (NO3-)
Amoni
(NH3-)
FPO43SO4E.Coli
ml
Ghi ch:
N1: u vo h thng nc sinh hot ti nh my GPP,
N2: u vo h thng nc sinh hot ti cng PVGAs Vng Tu
2.10.2.3 Nhn xt v nh gi kt qu gim st cht lng mi trng
Trn c s cc kt qu o c, phn tch cht lng cc thng s nhim khng
kh v nc thi ti cc v tr trong khu vc hot ng sn xut v so snh vi cc tiu
chun mi trng ca Vit Nam, c th a ra nhng nhn xt sau:
127
B- Kho cng
Khong
ghi Trung
TCVN
5937:2005(a)
nhn
bnh,
nhn
bnh,
TCVN
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
5937:2005(b)
(a)
(b)
2.350
44
49
1,4
274
30.000
200
350
300
-
42
1,50*
5.000
-
2.00
3.90
CO
NO2
SO2
H2S
Bi
0
49
44
1,0
230
6.00
0
94
67
1,9
450
14.0
2.588
72
56
1,4
293
1.200
30
27
1,0
200
CxHy
Pb
0
0,30
00
0,50
7.913
0,41
128
3.600
53
63
2,0
340
129
130
c l t 230-450 g/m3,
qu t 200-340 g/m3.
c th nh L6 - L7 c lc hm lng bi o
131
cho php.
Nguyn nhn chnh ca vn ny l do mt
lng bi ln t hot ng san lp cng nh
chuyn tr vt liu gy ra, hin ti KCN Ci
Mp (Cch Kho Cng khong 500m) ang
tin hnh san lp mt bng trn din rng.
Thng s NO2
Ti GPP, t o c thng trong 06-2009, nng
s trn.
Thng s SO2
Nng kh SO2 trong khng kh ti khu vc
l 42 g/m3)
Hnh 2.10.13 Xu hng din bin cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh k/v
Kho Cng Vng Tu t 2006-06/2009.
S liu qua trc ti Kho Cng PVGAS Vng Tu t nm 2006-06/2009, cho
thy ti y cht lng mi trng khng kh lun c duy tr vi cht lng tt,
cha c du hiu b nhim, ngoi tr mt s trng hp hm lng bi ghi nhn
c vt mc tiu chun qui nh vi nguyn nhn ch yu b tc ng t hot ng
ngoi vi, ln cn khu vc Kho Cng.
Xu hng chung nhng nm gn y l nng cc cht nhim hin din trong
khng kh khu ny vc gim nh.
nh gi nhim cc im thi c nh (ngun kh thi cng nghip)
Hin trng vn ngun thi kh cng nghip ti GPP v Kho Cng
Bng 2.10.14 Kt qu o c phn tch cht lng kh thi cng nghip
T
V tr thu mu
T H
C Ngun thi ti N/m x l kh Dinh C
E1-1
E1-2
Kh thi my nn kh K1101D
135
< 10
12,0
660
120
< 10
10,0
135
CxHy
<
0,01
<
2,2
0,01
2,2
V tr thu mu
CxHy
3,0
2,6
2,7
2,6
2,9
2,1
2,0
2,2
3,6
3,8
1,0
1,1
-
136
Kh thi ca Heater H31-A c nng cc cht nhim t tiu chun cho php
(TCVN 5939:2005).
My pht in G 72 (s dng nhin liu DO), kh thi vt tiu chun cho php i
vi thng s NOx 1,7 ln. Trong cc ngun kh thi ti GPP, kh thi my pht in l
ngun thi c t nh hng nht v ch vn hnh d phng (ch hot ng trong trng
hp c s c v h thng in ca GPP).
My nn kh u vo K1101 D c kh thi t tiu chun thi cho php cc thng
s c bn theo tiu chun TCVN 5939:2005.
My pht in khu vc Kho Cng c nng NOx trong kh thi vt mc ti a
cho php khong 1,7 - 2,0 ln.
Din bin s liu kh thi cng nghip ti GPP quan cc nm 2007 - 06/2009
Bng 2.10.15 th so snh thng s NOx trong cc ngun thi ti nh my GPP qua
02 t qua trc gn y.
nh gi cht lng nc thi :
Hin trng cht lng nc thi cng nh ngun tip nhn ti GPP- Kho Cng
Bng 2.10.16 Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc thi
137
TCVN
TT Thng s
Nhit
pH
c
COD
BOD5
TSS
Tng N
Tng P
Du
n v
o
M1
M2
C
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
6,9
70
881
589
557
< 1,0
0,05
28,4
6,7
33
1.054
785
410
< 1,0
0,05
khong
Cu
Pb
Zn
Cr (VI)
Cd
Hg
Fe
S2-
2,12
4,56
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
< 0,001
< 0,001
0,020
< 0,02
< 0,001
< 0,001
0,50
(sulfua)
Cl-
mg/l
(clorua)
M3
M4
M5
5945:2005
(B)
40
5,5-9,0
80,0
50,0
100
30,0
6,0
5,0
27
12
0,03
23
10
0,03
6,5
28
14
9
< 1,0
0,05
0,05
< 0,001
< 0,001
0,025
< 0,02
< 0,001
< 0,001
0,44
< 0,001
< 0,001
0,010
< 0,02
< 0,001
< 0,001
0,28
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,01
33
20
20
22
12
2,0
0,5
3,0
0,10
0,01
0,01
5,0
0,5
600
Ghi ch:
M1: Nc thi ti HTXL nc thi nhim du GPP (Y-71),
M2: Nc thi u ra HTXL nc thi nhim du GPP (sau coaleser),
M3: im thi ra mng sui Tre,
M4: im thi ra mng Nam Cn Sn,
M5: im thi nc thi u ra HTXL nc thi nhim du ti cng PVGAS Vng
Tu.
Nhn xt
nm, nng cc cht nhim vn nm trong gii hn tiu chun cho php (TCVN
5945:2005, B).
Mu nc thi u ra HTXL nc thi ti Cng PV GAS Vng Tu (M 3) qua cc kt
qu phn tch cho thy nc thi u ra c cht lng kh tt, cc thng s kim tra
trong t ny u t tiu chun thi TCVN 5945:2005, B.
nh gi xu hng din bin cht lng nc thi v cht lng nc ngun tip
nhn (sui Tre & Mng terminal Nam Cn Sn)
Bng 2.10.17 Cht lng nc thi u ra cc nm 2006-2007-2008-2009
Nh my GPP
139
140
T
T
s
TCVN
Thng s
n v
N1
N2
pH
c
mu
cng
Cn
ton
NTU
Pt Co
mgCaCO3/l
6,5
4
0
145
6,4
0
0
129
5502:2003
6-8,5
5
15
300
mg/l
324
369
1000
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100m
6
0,11
25
0,20
0,30
< 0,01
0,01
0,01
0,2
5
0,05
20
0,14
0,26
< 0,01
0,01
0,01
0,2
0,5
250
1,0
10
3
0,7-1,5
-
phn
COD
Fe
Cl- (clorua)
Nitrit (NO2-)
Nitrat (NO3-)
Amoni (NH3-)
FPO43SO4E.Coli
Ghi ch:
N1: u vo h thng nc sinh hot ti nh my GPP,
N2: u vo h thng nc sinh hot ti cng PVGAS Vng Tu.
Nhn xt v cht lng nc sinh hot
Mu nc cp sinh hot ti Kho cng v nh my GPP c ly mu ti 02
cnteen. Nhng khu vc ny u s dng ngun nc c qua lc s b lm ngun
c s dng ch yu trong sinh hot. Kt qu ly mu phn tch hai mu nc ny
cho thy, v c bn cht lng nc sinh hot ti Kho cng v nh my GPP l ph
hp vi tiu chun Vit Nam yu cu i vi cht lng nc sinh hot (TCVN
5502:2002).
2.10.3 Cng tc bo v mi trng
2.10.3.1 Cc ni dung cng tc bo v mi trng thc hin
Nc thi: nc thi sx nhim du, nc thi sinh hot, nc thi t khu vc
kho cng (sc ra bn) c qun l, thu gom v x l trit trc khi thi ra mi
trng. Kt qu gim st cho thy nc thi sau x l ti cc im thi u t TCVN
5945:2005, B.
142
Hin h thng x l nc thi nhim du ti GPP hin ang c tin hnh nng cp
ci thin hiu qu x l, d kin thi gian hon thnh vo cui nm 2010 (hin ti
nc thi nhim du c chuyn giao cho nh thu thu gom x l l Cty TNHH Vit
Xanh).
H thng thot nc ma c tch ring hon ton. Hng nm, qu trnh tu b
c duy tr m bo thot nc tt v khng b nhim bn t cc ngun khc, nc
ma c qui c l nc sch, c php thi thng vo ngun tip nhn khng qua
x l.
Kh thi: Hin nay GPP u ni vi h thng in li quc gia s cung
cp in cho hot ng ca nh my trong trng hp cc my pht in chy bng kh
b s c, my pht in chy bng du DO G-72 hin ch s dng trong trng hp b
s c c h thng in chy bng kh v in li quc gia, do vy hin ti nh hng
t ngun ny n cht lng mi trng khng kh l khng ng k. Tuy vy bn
cnh vi c th cng ngh, nh my GPP s dng cc my nn kh cng xut ln,
cc my nn ny c ng c s dng nhin liu l kh t nhin, kh thi pht sinh t
cc ng c c hm lng NOx kh cao (kt qu gim st kh thi cng nghip lin tc
cc nm va qua th hin r vn ny). Vic x l cui ng ng vi NOx l khng
mang tnh thc t v mt cng ngh cng nh phi bo m tnh an ton tuyt i v
chy n khi tin hnh thi cng trong cc cng trnh kh. Do i vi vn ny kh
c th tip cn theo cch loi b hay hn ch pht thi m nn tip cn theo hng lm
gim nh hng tc ng bng cc bin php nh: gia tng kh nng khuych tn, thit
lp vnh ai cy xanh cch ly v tng cng gim st mi trng trong khu vc a
ra nhng cnh bo kp thi.
Cht thi rn: i vi cht thi nguy hi, cng ty tin hnh v hon tt th tc
ng k ch ngun, v c cp s QLCTNH 77.000053.T. cht thi nguy hi c
chuyn giao cho n v c chc nng ph hp thu gom vn chuyn x l.
Danh sch cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trung bnh 01 thng ti c s
143
T
T
Trng thi tn ti
Tn cht thi
(rn /lng/bn)
Du m bi trn (t packing
S
lng
M CTNH
(kg)
Lng
my nn)
Du thi t thit b tch nc
Lng
Nc lu du t thit b tch
Lng
du ln nc
Nc ln du du sc ra TKLng
101A/B
Cht hp ph, gi lau dnh du
Rn
m
Bao b thi
Rn
17 02 04
17 05 04
17 06 05
10 07 01
Tng s lng
m3
871 kg
12 ci
237,5
18 01 01
Vic qun l cht thi nguy hi, cht thi rn sinh hot, cht thi c kh nng si
sinh ti ch pht sinh t hot ng ca nh my GPP c thc hin a trn hng
dn ca cng vn s 244/GPP V/v qui nh qun l cht thi ti GPP ban hnh ngy
15/06/2009, c bn nh sau:
Cht thi nguy hi pht c Cty phn loi ti ngun pht sinh, tp chung ng ni
qui nh, Cty k hp ng thu gom x l cht thi nguy hi vi cng ty TNHH Vit
Xanh theo hp ng s 65/2008/KVT-VIETXANH/D4, k ngy 20/08/2008.
Cht thi rn sinh hot: phn loi t u, lu cha ring bit c thu gom v x l
nh k bi Cty CTT & DVCC Huyn Long in, theo hp ng s 01/2008/KVTCty CTT & DVCC, ngy 05/01/2009.
Nhng tht thi c kh nng ti sinh ti ch nh: giy, bo cc loi, bao b hp
nha c nh my qun l theo hng ti sinh ti ch (theo cc hp ng ma bn
ph liu thng thng) hn ch thp nht lng thi ra mi trng.
2.10.3.2 K hoch ci thin mi trng
144
Nc thi
hoch ci thin mi trng trong thi gian ti cho cc cng trnh kh c th nh sau:
Vn c Ni dung k hoch khc phc
nhn din
thc hin
Nc
Cng ty Ch bin kh
thi
Vng Tu (N/m x l
12/2010
C
Kh thi
kh Dinh c) - Nh
ph hp.
P. K thut sn xut
pht in
ti GPP
Nng
kh
NOx trong kh
thi vt mc
tiu chun cho
php
cc ng khi thi ca cc my nn
m bo iu kin khuych tn
tt nht, hn ch ti a nh hng
n mi trng lao ng cng nh
KKXQ
145
Thng
xuyn
Vn khc
Thng
xuyn
28/04/2005.
Lp bo co k khai np ph BVMT i vi nc Tin hnh
thi,
sau khi
tt
KVT- VITTEP
nc thi
ti GPP
2.10.4 Kt lun
My pht in 01, cng xut 1275 KVA, d phng ti Kho Cng PVGAS Vng Tu
(s dng nhin liu DO), kh thi cng vt tiu chun cho php i vi thng s NO x
sp x 2 ln.
2.104.3 Cht thi rn
Vn cht thi rn, nht l cht thi nguy hi c cc n v trc thuc ch
trng quan tm, c cn b tham gia tp hun trin khai cng tc tin hnh lp cc thu
tc qun l CTNH theo ng thng t 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006. Cng ty
c cp s ng k qun l cht thi nguy hi s QLCTNG 77.000053.T, ngy 27
thng 6 nm 2008.
Cht thi nguy hi c phn loi, tp kt ng v tr qui nh v chuyn giao cho
Cty TNHH Vit Xanh vn chuyn x l.
Cht thi sinh hot c thu gom vn chuyn x l nh k bi Cty Cng trnh
th v Dch v Cng cng Huyn Long in n v c chc nng ph hp.
Cht thi cng nghip khng nguy hi, c qun l theo hng tng cng ti a
t l ti ch (dng ph liu) v ti s dng (bao b), giao li cho cc n v thu phu ph
liu ti ch.
2.104.4 Cht lng nc thi
Kt qu kim tra cht lng nc ti cc ngun tip nhn (Sui Tre v mng
Terminal Nam Cn Sn) cho thy hai ngun tip nhn ny vn duy tr cht lng nc
kh tt, cc thng s nhim c bn u t tiu chun thi Vit Nam cho php
(TCVN 5945:2005, B).
Nc thi cng sau h thng x l ti kho cng PVGAS cht lng kh tt, t tiu
chun thi cho php (theo TCVN 5945:2005, A).
2.10.4.5 Cht lng nc cp sinh hot
Nc cp sinh hot ti GPP v kho cng Vng Tu c ly mu t ngun nc s
dng hai cn tin, ngun nc ny l t nc ngm trong khu vc c qua lc s l s
b, kt qu phn tch cc thng s cht lng c bn cho thy, nc hai khu vc ny
ph hp vi mc ch s dng cho nhu cu sinh hot, theo TCVN 5502 : 2003.
2.104.6 Cc vn khc
147
148
149
150