1

2009 JC1 H2 Chemistry Common Test (Suggested Solutions)

Section A
CCBCC CCBDB DBADA

Section B
B1 (a) Amount of H
2
SO
4
reacted = (15.00/1000) x 0.0250 = 3.75 x 10
4
mol

Amount of OH

ions in 25.0 cm
3
diluted soln = 3.75 x 10
4
x 2 = 7.50 x 10
4
mol

Amount of OH

ions in 250 cm
3
diluted soln = 7.50 x 10
4
x 250/25.0 = 7.50 x 10
3
mol

Concentration of NaOH in FA1 = 7.50 x 10
3
/ (20.0/1000) = 0.375 mol dm
3



(b) (i) 5H
2
O
2
(aq) + 2MnO
4

(aq) + 6H
+
(aq) 5O
2
(g) + 2Mn
2+
(aq) + 8H
2
O(l)

(ii) 10Cl
-
(aq) + 2MnO
4

(aq) + 16H
+
(aq) 5Cl
2
(aq) + 2Mn
2+
(aq) + 8H
2
O(l)


(c) (i) Amount of H
2
O
2
reacted = (15.00/1000) x 0.0800 = 1.20 x 10
3
mol

Amount of MnO
4

that reacts with H

2
O
2
= (2/5) x 1.20 x 10
3
= 4.80 x 10
4
mol

(ii) Total amount of MnO
4

= (20.00/1000) x 0.0500 = 1.00 x 10

3
mol

Amount of MnO
4

that reacts with Cl

ions = 1.00 x 10
3
4.80 x 10
4

= 5.20 x 10
4
mol


(d) Total amount of Cl

ions in 25.0 cm
3
diluted solution = 5 x 5.20 x 10
4
= 2.60 x 10
3
mol

Amount of Cl

ions from NaCl in 250 cm

3
diluted solution = 250/25.0 x 2.60 x 10
3

= 0.0260 mol

Concentration of NaCl in FA1 = 0.0185/ (20.0/1000) = 1.30 mol dm
3



(e) Concentration of Na
+
ions in FA1 = 0.375 + 1.30 = 1.675 mol dm
3



B2 (a) XeF
5
+
(square pyramidal), XeF
2
(linear)



XeF
3
(T-shaped), XeF
4
(square planar)




(b) In decreasing bond angle from left to right: XeF
2
> XeF
4
> XeF
3

(c) The availability of vacant low-lying orbitals allow the electrons to be unpaired and used it
for varied number of covalent bonds formation. In addition, the valence shell is far away
from the nucleus which thus required minimal amount of energy for the electrons to be
promoted to the vacant orbitals.

2
(d) PtF
6
has a simple molecular/covalent structure. It consists of discrete molecules held
together by weak van der Waals forces. The six highly electronegative fluorine atoms
caused the Pt atom to be highly electron deficient, thus making it likely to accept electron
and undergo reduction.


B3 (a) (i) p
T
(20.0 x 10
3
) = (0.200+0.400)(8.31)(25+273)
p
T
= 74300 Pa (to 3 s.f)

OR

p
T
(20.0) = (0.200+0.400)(0.082)(25+273)
p
T
= 0.733 atm (to 3 s.f)

(ii) Partial pressure of radon =
0.2
74300
0.6
= 24800 Pa (or 0.245 atm) (to 3 s.f)

Partial Pressure of fluorine = 74300 24800 = 49500 Pa (or 0.489 atm)
(or use partial pressure to find)

Comment: Students need to correspond the correct R value to the T and V values
used.

(iii) Rn + F
2
RnF
2

initial mol 0.2 0.4 0
final mol 0 0.4-0.2=0.2 0.2

Total amount of gases = 0.200+0.200 = 0.400 mol
p
f
(20 x 10
3
) = 0.400(8.31)(127+273)
p
f
= 66500 Pa (to 3 s.f)

OR

p
f
(20 x 10
3
) = 0.400(0.082)(127+273)
p
f
= 0.656 atm (to 3 s.f)

*Note the units of V with the different values of R used! Refer to Lecture Notes 4 Pg 5!
*Remember to leave your answers in the appropriate units!


B3 (b) (i)












(ii) RnF
2
will deviate more from ideal behaviour.
RnF
2
has a greater number of electrons (or larger electron cloud) resulting in its
electron cloud being more easily polarised, hence possessing stronger
instantaneous dipole-induced interactions between molecules. The
V / m
3

T /
0
C
273
Constant p

V vs T
3
intermolecular forces of attraction between RnF
2
molecules are more significant,
thus it deviates more from ideality.

OR

RnF
2
molecules are bigger and the volume occupied is more significant
compared to the volume of the container. Hence, it deviates more from ideality.


B4 (a) Amount of CO
2
evolved = 50.0 24000 = 2.08 10
3
mol

Na
2
CO
3
(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO
2
(g) + H
2
O(l)

Amount of Na
2
CO
3
present in weighed sample of FA2 = Amount of CO
2
evolved
= 2.08 10
3
mol

Molar mass of Na
2
CO
3
= (23.0 2) + 12.0 + (16.0 3) = 106.0 g mol
1


Mass of Na
2
CO
3
in weighed sample of FA2 = 2.08 10
3
106.0 = 0.221 g

Assume FA2 contains 100 % by mass of Na
2
CO
3
(s).

Then mass of FA2 to be used = 0.221 g
.


A suitable mass of FA2 to be used is 0.220 g


(b) Assume FA2 contains 100 % by mass of Na
2
CO
3
(s).

Amount of Na
2
CO
3
present = 2.08 10
3
mol

Minimum amount of HCl(aq) used = 2 x 2.08 10
3
mol = 4.16 x 10
3
mol

Minimum volume of HCl(aq) used = 4.16 x 10
-3
0.200 = 0.0208 dm
3
= 20.8 cm
3


HCl(aq) should be used in excess, thus we could use 30 cm
3
of 0.200 mol dm
3
HCl(aq).
(Any answer above 20.8 cm
3
is accepted)


(c)











Weigh accurately about 0.220 g of FA2 and place it in a small test tube tied to a string.

Introduce 30 cm
3
of HCl(aq) using a measuring cylinder into a clean and dry 250 cm
3

conical flask.

Set up the apparatus as shown above in the diagram.

Diagram showing small test
tube with FA 2 in conical
flask + showing gas
syringe[1m]
Small tube containing
FA2 tied to a string
Stopper
HCl(aq)
Retort stand
Graduated gas
syringe
4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Proton number
Na
Ar
S
Al
Cl
P
Si
Mg
K


Lower the filled tube into the conical flask taking care that the reagents do not mix.
Stopper the conical flask.

Check that the initial reading of the 100.0 cm
3
graduated gas syringe is set at the zero
mark.

At a suitable time, loosen the stopper slightly to release the string. Stopper the conical
flask immediately. (Or other forms of starting the reaction)

Swirl the conical flask to ensure that the reagents are well mixed.

Allow the reaction to progress until it has ceased as indicated by a constant volume
reading of the syringe.

Record the final volume, V
1
cm
3
, on the graduated gas syringe.

Repeat the experiment to get consistent results.

Section C

C1 (a) Cl(g) Cl
+
(g) + e

1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4


B (b)
















Important points:
Correct axes
General increase
Exceptionally low for Al and S
(compared to previous member)
Sharp drop after Ar
5
(c) (i) First ionisation energy generally increases across the period from Na
to Ar.

From Na to Ar,
Nuclear charge increases
Shielding effect remains approximately constant
Effective nuclear charge increases
Electrostatic attraction on the electrons by the nucleus
increases
Hence, more difficult to remove electron, IE increases.

(ii) Mg: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2

Al: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1




Less energy is needed to remove the 3p electron of Al which is at a
higher energy level than the 3s electron of Mg. Hence first ionisation
energy of Al is lower than that of Mg.

P: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
S: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4


Extra inter-electron repulsion is predominant between the 3p electrons
in the doubly filled 3p orbital of S.
Hence less energy is required to remove the paired 3p electron from S
compared to the unpaired 3p electron from P.

(iii) First Ionisation energy of Na is higher than that of K.

Down a group from Na to K,
Nuclear charge increases. Shielding effect experienced by the
valence electrons increases due to greater number of inner
filled principal quantum shells.
Increase in shielding effect outweighs increase in nuclear
charge.
Distance of valence electrons from nucleus increases due to
greater number of inner filled principal quantum shells.
Electrostatic attraction on the electrons by the nucleus
decreases.
Hence, easier to remove electron, IE decreases.






C2 (a)
It should be valence electrons of K which experiences stronger shielding effect than
the valence electrons of Na. NOT K experiences stronger shielding effect
Please write complete sentences, your poor phasing of explanations made it very
difficult for examiner to understand you!
For discontinuities, please include electronic
configurations.
Quite a number of students are still writing the
wrong quantum number (3p electrons NOT 2p
electrons of Mg) or electronic configurations

6
(b) NO is a free radical or has an unpaired electron (or mention NO being
electron deficient). This result in the NO molecule being more reactive than
the CO molecule.


(c) (i) sp
2


(ii)


(d) Increasing order of boiling point from left to right: N
2
< NO < (NH
4
)
2
SO
4


(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
is an ionic compound with strongest electrostatic attraction
between the ions, thus it has the highest boiling point.

NO consists of polar molecules hence there are permanent dipole-permanent
dipole interactions as well as instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions
between the NO molecules.

N
2
consists of non-polar molecules hence there are only instantaneous
dipole-induced dipole interactions between the N
2
molecules.

NO has stronger intermolecular interactions due to the additional pd-pd
interactions compared to N
2
.


C3 (a) Na
2
O (basic) Al
2
O
3
(amphoteric) SO
3
(acidic)

Al
2
O
3
(s) + 6H
+
(aq) 2Al
3+
(aq) + 3H
2
O(l)

Al
2
O
3
(s) + 2OH
-
(aq)+ 3H
2
O(l) 2[Al(OH)
4
]

(aq)

(b) Na
2
O dissolves in water to give an alkaline solution (pH = 10 14)

Na
2
O(s) + H
2
O(l) 2NaOH(aq)

Al
2
O
3
is insoluble in water (pH = 7)

SO
3
dissolves in water to give an acidic solution (pH = 0 4)
SO
3
(l)+ H
2
O(l) H
2
SO
4
(aq) (or SO
2
(g) + H
2
O(l) H
2
SO
3
(aq))

(c) CO
2


AlCl
3
undergoes appreciable hydrolysis to give an acidic solution. The acidic
solution formed will react with Na
2
CO
3
to form CO
2
.

AlCl
3
(s) + 6H
2
O(l) [Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(aq) + 3Cl

(aq)
[Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(aq) + H
2
O(l) [Al(H
2
O)
5
(OH)]
2+
(aq) + H
3
O
+
(aq)

(d) (i) SeO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SeO
3
+ H
2
O
7
(ii) SeO
2
is acidic thus it does not react with HCl(aq)