Suppose two experiments are to be performed, each one is a series of choices. o First experiment has m possible outcomes o Irrespective of first outcome, second has n possible outcomes o Total outcomes = m*n o Example 2a Small Community consisting of 10 women each of whom has 3 children. One woman and one of her children are to be chosen as mother child of the year. How many choices? 10 * 3 = 30 Generalized basic principle of counting o r experiments 1 st results in n 1 possible outcomes 2 nd results in n 2 possible outcomes r experiment has n r possible outcomes o Example 2c How many 7-place license plates possible if first three paces have to be letters and last four have to be numbers? (26)^3 * (10)^4 = 175,760,00 o Example 2e How many 7-place license plates possible if first three paces have to be letters and last four have to be numbers and no repetitions among numbers or letters? Ex 1 = 26 Ex 2 = 25 Ex 3 = 24 Ex 4 = 10 Ex 5 = 9 Ex 6 = 8 Ex 7 = 7 26*25*24*10*9*8*7 = 78,624,000
Permutations of objects (Sec 1.3) Permutations are arrangements of objects o Ex. There are 6 permutations of A, B, C ABC BCA CAB ACB BAC CBA n! = n * n-1 * n-2 * 3 * 2 * 1 There are exactly n! permutations of n distinct objects Example 3b o A class in prob theory consists of 6 men and 4 women. An exam is given and students re ranked according to their performance (assume all students get unique scores). o a) How many different rankings are possible? 10! o b) If men and women are ranked amongst themselves, how many different rankings are possible? 6! * 4! Example 3d o How many different letter arrangements can be formed from the letters PEPPER? 6! / (3! * 2!) 9/2/2014 7:05:00 AM