6.

4 Tn hao cng sut v lm

mt van
Tn hao ch tnh
Tn hao chuyn mch
Bo v nhit
I. Tn hao ch tnh
Khi van bn dn lm vic, trn n tn ti mt tn
hao cng sut:
P
T
= U
T
.I
T
+ U
N
.I
r
Trong : U
T
- st p tthun trn van khong
mt vi vn.
I
T
- dng in thunkhi van dn
U
N
- in p ngc t ln van,
I
r
- dng in r chy ngc van bn dn thng
rt nh hay b qua.
II. Tn hao chuyn mch
Tn hao CM c th b qua nu tn s lm vic thp.
Tuy nhin, tn s cao tn hao ny ng k khng th
b qua c.
Tn hao do thi gian m v kho van.
Khi m v kho van dng in v in p trn van thay
i di dng v d (hnh trang sau)
Nng lng tn hao trn van khi m: W
m
= 0,5.U
CE
.I
C
.t
m
Nng lng tn hao trn van khi kho: W
kho
=
0,5.U
CE
.I
C
.t
kho
Tng tn hao nng lng khi chuyn mch l W
m
+W
kho

Cng sut tn hao chuyn mch c tnh
P
CM
= (W
m
+W
kho
)/T = (W
m
+W
kho
).f
Trong f = 1/T - tn s chuyn mch van
u
b

u
BE

i
B

u
CE

i
C

u
b

U
n

C
E
B
C
BC

C
BE

t
m

t
t
kho

III. Bo v qu nhit
Cc tn hao trn sinh nhit lm thit b nng
ln ti qu mc cho php. Cn c bin php
gim nhit cho van bn dn. C hai cch lm mt
thng gp nht
Lm mt bng khng kh c hay khng cnh to
nhit hnh a
Lm mt bng nc hnh b
a)
b)
Cch mc tn nhit
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www.fischerelektronik.de
1. Lm mt bng khng kh
Nhit lng t cht bn dn truyn ra v ri truyn
ti cnh to nhit truyn nhit ra khng kh.
Truyn nhit bng bc x yu, v nhit cho
php ca v thp. Do , tn nhit ch yu lm
bng i lu gia cnh to nhit v khng kh.
Qu trnh dn nhit c th m t nh hnh v
Nhit
ca pn
T
pn
Nhit
ca v
T
V

Nhit
cnh to
nhit T
tn

Nhit
khng kh T
KK

R
pn

R
V

R
tn

Nhit lng truyn t vng nng sang vng lnh.
Cng sut to nhit t l thun vi chnh
nhit , t l nghch vi tr nhit R

Tr nhit tng ca mch ni tip:
R = R
pn
+ R
V
+ R
tn

Khi tnh ton lm mt l chng ta tnh chn cnh
to nhit v qut.
Cc thng s c cho trong bi ton ny l tn
hao P [W], T
pn
, T
KK
, tr nhit R
pn
, R
V
[
0
C/W]
R
T T
P
2 1

2. Lm mt bng nc
S cu trc ca lm mt bng nc nh gii
thiu trn hnh v.
iu kin lm mt bng nc l nc phi c ngun
v tn nhit nc vo l nhit mi tr-
ng,
Vn quan trng trong lm mt bng nc l
phi x l nc khng dn in. Ngha l in
tr nc phi ln (R = /S)
Cnh
to
nhit
ng ng
dn nc
Thanh
ci
Van bn
dn
Khi thit k h thng lm mt bng nc
hiu sut trao i nhit tt hn, cho
php lm vic vi dng in ti a ti
90% Im.
Qu trnh lm mt bng nc phi m bo
x l nc khng dn in. Bng cch kh
Ion trong nc, hoc gim dn in
ca nc (tng in tr nc) theo nguyn
tc tng chiu di hay gim tit din -
ng ng dn nc, lc c th coi
dn in ca nc khng ng k.
Lp t van khi lm mt bng nc
H thng lm mt bng nc
H thng lm mt bng nc