6.

3 Bo v dng in
Mc song song cc van bn dn
Bo v ngn mch van
Bo v ngn mch u ra

I. Mc song song cc van bn
dn
1. Yu cu mc song song
Trong trng hp dng in lm vic qu ln (so vi dng
cho php lm vic khi c xt ti iu kin to nhit),
ngi ta phi tin hnh mc song song cc van bn dn
c tnh ca van khi mc song song
I
LV

D
2

I
1
I
2

D
1

a
V
1
V
2
I
U
E
I
V1
, I
V2

I
LV

AU
V
1
V
2
U
I
I
LV

I
V1

I
V2

E
AU
1
AU
2

2. Cc s mc song song cc van
gim s phn b khng u trn, ngi ta c th
mc ni tip vi cc van cc in tr. Vic s dng
in tr ch c ngha,khi in p ri trn in tr l
khng ng k, nu in p ri trn in tr ln, tn
hao cng sut ln, lm cho hiu sut ca chnh lu thp.

R
1

R
2

D
2

I
1

I
2

D
1

I
LV

VT f
V
R R
U
I
+
A
=
Trong : I
V
- dng in chy qua
van
AU - tn hao in p trn hai
mch nhnh song song
R
f
- in tr mc ni tip vi van
R
VT
- in tr thun ca van khi
dn
khc phc nhc im ny c th
thay th in tr bng cc cun dy
in cm. Thng cc cun cm ny c
ch to c li khng kh
L
L
D
2

I
1

I
2

D
1

I
LV

Gi tr cc tiu ca in cm c
tnh

Trong : (di
T
/dt)
max
- tng dng in ti
hn ca tiristor
L
K
- in cm ca mch dng in
U
NGM
in p trn tiristor trc khi m
K
max
T
NGM
min
L
dt
di
U
L
|
.
|

\
|
=
Nguyn nhn ca vic ch to in cm li
khng kh
Nu dng cun khng c li, khi cc tiristor
lm vic song song cun khng mc vi
cc tiristir s bo ho trc. Khi cun khng
bt u bo ho in p trn nhnh song
songbt u gim, lm chm li hay cn
tr s bo ho ca cc cun khng khc.
iu ny c th lm cho cc van li mt
cn bng dng in hn.
s di, cn bng dng in cc van c
thc hin tt hn khi cun khng c ch to c
li thp, tng h vi cc cun dy mc ngc
u nhau. S ny cn c bit c
ngha, khi s dng cho trng hp cc van iu
khin m khng ng thi
CK
D
2

I
1
I
2

D
1

I
LV

CK
D
2

I
1

D
1

I
LV

I
2

D
4

I
3
I
4

D
3

Xt trng hp hai van mc song song (hai
tiristor
V d T
1
dn, xung dng in di
T1
/dt sinh ra
trong cun dy mt sc in ng cm ng -L
di
T1
/dt, xung p ny lm gim p trn T
1
v tng p
trn T
2
, n lm chm qu trnh m T
1
v lm
nhanh qu trnh m T
2

C th lp c phng trnh

in cm cun khng c tnh
CK
T
2

I
1

I
2

T
1

I
LV

min D 1
1 T
U U
dt
di
L 2 + A =
dt
di
. 2
U U
L
1 T
min D 1
+ A
=
II. c tnh ngn mch
S c ngn mch xy ra thng lm ngn
mch ngun nh v d hnh di
i
L
U
N

~
T R
i
L
U
N

T R
t
i
td

i
t
i
( )
dt
T
t
m
e . I t sin
Z
U
i

+ e =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

dt dt
T
t
XL
T
t
bd
e I e I i 1
mch in xoay chiu, dng in c i t sau 1/4
chu k in p, do thit b bo v phi ct nhanh.
V vy cu ch cn c c im:
Chu c dng in nh mc ca thit b
Nhit dung chu ng ca cu ch cn nh hn nhit
dung chu ng ca thit b [(I
2
t)
CC
<(I
2
t)
TB
]
in p h quang ca cu ch phi ln gim nhanh
dng in
Khi cu ch t, in p phc hi phi ln khng
lm h quang chy li.
lm c vic dy ch thng c dng:
Dy chy
bng bc
Khe
III. Bo v ngn mch van
1. S c ngn mch van
S c ny xut hin khi:
Van b qu nhit
Van b qu in p
Van b qu dng
Van b chc thng do dU/dt, di/dt.
2. Bo v khi van b ngn
mch
phng van khng b ngn mch:
Khng xut hin cc nguyn nhn
gy ngn mch trn
Nu b ngn mch, mc thit b bo
v theo hnh v di
CC
1

CC
2

D
1

D
2

V d
T
2

T
4

T
6

T
1

T
3

T
5

T
8

T
10

T
12

T
7

T
9

T
11

CC
8

CC
10

CC
12

CC
7

CC
9

CC
11

CC
2

CC
4

CC
6

CC
1

CC
3

CC
5

IV. Bo v ngn mch ti
S c ngn mch ti s gp khi u ra
tia ti b ni ngn mch. Khi c dng
in ngn mch chay gia cc nhm van.
T
2

T
4

T
6

T
1

T
3

T
5

T
8

T
10

T
12

T
7

T
9

T
11

CC
8

CC
10

CC
12

CC
7

CC
9

CC
11

CC
2

CC
4

CC
6

CC
1

CC
3

CC
5

Bo v ngn mach ti bng cch mc
cu ch hay aptomt u ra ti
T
2

T
4

T
6

T
1

T
3

T
5

T
8

T
10

T
12

T
7

T
9

T
11

CC
8

CC
10

CC
12

CC
7

CC
9

CC
11

CC
2

CC
4

CC
6

CC
1

CC
3

CC
5

CC
T
CC
T

T
2

T
4

T
6

T
1

T
3

T
5

T
8

T
10

T
12

T
7

T
9

T
11

CC
8

CC
10

CC
12

CC
7

CC
9

CC
11

CC
2

CC
4

CC
6

CC
1

CC
3

CC
5

AT