Chng 6.

Bo v TBTCS
6.1 Phn loi s c
6.2. Bo v in p
6.3. Bo v dng in
6.4. Bo v nhit
6.1. Phn loi s c
S c do in p
S c do dng in
S c do nhit
S c do cc nguyn nhn khc

1. S c do in p
Van bn dn s gp s c (b h hng) khi
in p vt qu tr s cho php t ln
van.
in p t ln van vt qu tr s cho php
trong cc trng hp sau:
Xung in p t li
Xung in p khi chuyn mch van
Qu in p di hn
Xung in p t li
Trn ng cong in p li xut hin mt
xung in p nh hnh v
nh xung in p ny
ln hn in p van
Nguyn nhn xut hin xung:
St nh ng dy
Trn ng dy c ti in cm ct t
ngt
X
1

X
2

Trn ng dy c ti in cm ct t
ngt
Khi c dng in chy qua
cun dy, trong cun dy
tch lu mt nng lng
Khi ct ti t ngt, nng l-
ng ny t ngt v 0 i
= 0. Ngun nng lng trn x
ngc ln ng dy. Nng l-
ng ny a mt lng in
tch (in t) ln ln ng
dy lm cho xut hin
xung in p ti ng
im ct ti.
W
t
=
(Li
2
)/2
K
RN
L
C
D
Xung p do chuyn mch
Bn cht vt l ca hin tng
Khi dn, trong van bn dn c mt lng in
tch ln t ngun a ti, lm trung ho cc in
tch d theo bn cht ca cht bn dn.
Khi kho t ngt, cht
bn dn phi tr v trng
thi nguyn gc.
in tch t ngun a ti to dng in c
tr v ngun.
T trong bn dn cc in tch (dng v m) -
c y ra ngoi, do d gy qu in p cc b
xung quanh van
p
1

p
2
n
1
n
2

d l trng mang in
tch +
d in t mang in
tch -
Qu p di hn
in p lm vic cc i t ln van
ln hn in p cho php ca van
V d: van c thng s in p cho
php 300V, c mc vo li in
xoay chiu 220V nh hnh v. Trong
trng hp ny van b qa in p di
hn, v in p cc i ca ngun li
c tnh
Van trong s trn khng qu p khi
in p cho php ca van
U
CPV
>k.U
max

U
2

R
L
V
V 308 V 220 . 2 U
max

2. S c do dng in
Ba trng hp in hnh sau gy s c
cho van do dng in:
Ngn mch van
Ngn mch ti
Qu dng in di hn
T
2

T
4

T
6

T
1

T
3

T
5

T
8

T
10

T
12

T
7

T
9

T
11

CC
8

CC
10

CC
12

CC
7

CC
9

CC
11

CC
2

CC
4

CC
6

CC
1

CC
3

CC
5

T
2

T
4

T
6

T
1

T
3

T
5

T
8

T
10

T
12

T
7

T
9

T
11

CC
8

CC
10

CC
12

CC
7

CC
9

CC
11

CC
2

CC
4

CC
6

CC
1

CC
3

CC
5

Qa dng in di hn
Qa dng in di hn khi dng in lm
vic ln hn dng in van theo iu
kiin lm mt
V d: Tiristor c thng s dng in I
m

= 100A, cho lm vic vi dng in 30A.
Tiristor s b qu dng nu khng c
mc cnh to nhit lm mt, Tiristor
khng b qa dng nu c cnh to nhit
din tch b mt
3. S c ca van do qu nhit
Nguyn nhn:
Khi lm vic, c dng in chy qua, trn van c
tn hao cng sut P =R
V
.I
2
U.I, tn hao
ny sinh nhit theo phng trnh nhit:
P = A + C(dT/dt)
Trong : P - tn hao cng sut trn van
A - h s to nhit ph thuc iu kin lm mt;
C - nhit dung ca van v cnh to nhit ph thuc kch thc van;
T - nhit ca van;
Nhit xc lp ca van: T
XL
= P/A (ln hay b
ph thuc P v h s A khng c vt qu gi
tr cho php