1.

Case I - single I-beam

1.1. Given data
l6 m
kN
q 4
m

1.2. Specification of selected I-beam

Selected type: I-beam HE-B 140
kg
kN
GI 33.7
g = 0.33
m
m
Est 210 GPa
R 150 MPa
hI 140 mm

r 12 mm

bI 140 mm
tw.I 7 mm
tf.I 12 mm
AI 2 bI tf.I + hI 2 tf.I tw.I = 41.72 cm

3
2
3

hI tf.I
tw.I hI 2 tf.I
bI tf.I
3
4

Iy.I + 2
+ bI tf.I
= 1.471 10 cm
12
2
12

The influence of rounded connection between web and flange of the I-beam will be neglected as it is relatively small
and would make the calculations unnecessarily complex:

3
2
2 rr
+2 r
2
12

hI tf.I r
r 4

2
2
hI tf.I
4

3
8 r
4 r
+

= 0.037 10 cm

2
9
2
3

Iy.I
3
wy.I
= 210.191 cm
hI

1.3. Stresses
2

GI + q l
M
= 19.487 kN m
8
M hI
2 z mm
x (z))
1

Iy.I 2
hI

| hI |
x.max |x
| = 92.712 MPa
| mm |

hI
z 0
mm
x.max
= 61.8%

1.4. Deflection
l
wacc
= 24 mm
250
4

5 GI + q l
w
= 23.651 mm
384 Est Iy.I

Diagram of x stress

w
= 98.5%

wacc

-1-

Diagram of x stress
z mm (mm))
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20

20

40

60

80

100

x (z)) (MPa))

2. Case II - I-beam with additional welded steel T-section

kN
q q n = 8
m

n2

Note: Flange of the T-section touches the top flange of the I-beam

2.1 Specification of composed beam

T-beam: T 120x120x13
hT 120 mm

hIT hI + hT = 260 mm

sT 120 mm
tT 13 mm
kg
kN
GT 23.2 g = 0.228
m
m
Iy.T 366 cm
wy.T 42 cm

hweld 5 mm
RT 100 MPa

hI
tT
h T tT
3
Sy.IT AI + sT tT hI + + hT tT tT hI + tT +
= 807.822 cm
2

2
AT sT tT + hT tT tT = 29.51 cm
AIT AI + AT = 71.23 cm

Sy.IT
z0 = 113.41 mm
AIT

-2-

Distances from axis y to centroids of parts of the composed cross-section:

bottom flange of the I-beam
web of the I-beam
top flange of the I-beam
bottom flange of the T-section
web of the T-section

tf.I
h1
= 6 mm
2
hI 2 tf.I
h2 tf.I + = 70 mm
2
tf.I
h3 hI
= 134 mm
2
tT
h4 hI + = 146.5 mm
2
h T tT
h5 hI + tT +
= 206.5 mm
2

2
bI tf.I
3
4
Iy.IT
+ bI tf.I z0 h1 = 1.94 10 cm
1
12
3

2
tw.I hI 2 tf.I
4
Iy.IT
+ tw.I hI 2 tf.I z0 h2 = 244.07 cm
2
12

2
bI tf.I
4
Iy.IT
+ bI tf.I z0 h3 = 73.237 cm
3
12

2
sT tT
4
Iy.IT
+ sT tT z0 h4 = 173.006 cm
4
12
3

2
tT hT tT
4
3
Iy.IT
+ tT hT tT z0 h5 = 1.338 10 cm
5
12

4
3
Iy.IT Iy.IT = 3.769 10 cm
i=1

Iy.IT
4
3
wy.IT
= 2.571 10 m
hIT z0

hIT z0 = 0.147 m
z0 = 0.113 m

3
4
Sy.T sT tT h4 z0 + hT tT tT h5 z0 = 1.811 10 m

hI tf.I z0
3
Sy0 Sy.T + tf.I bI h3 z0 + hI tf.I z0 tw.I
= 216.443 cm
2

2.2. Stresses
2

GI + GT + q l
M
= 38.511 kN m
8

kN
q = 8
m
hIT
z 0
mm

M
M
x (z))
hIT z mm
Iy.IT
wy.IT

| hIT |
x.max |x
| = 149.797 MPa
| mm |

x.max
= 99.9%

-3-

Diagram of x stress
z mm (mm))

260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20

-150 -120 -90 -60 -30

30

x (z)) (MPa))

60

90

120

150

hIT
i 0
0
10 mm
10
20
30
40
50

60

70

80
90
100
110
120
h i 10 = 130
i
140
150
160
170
180

190

200

210

220
230
240
250
260

115.891
105.673
95.454
85.235
75.016
64.798

54.579

44.36

34.141
23.922
13.704
3.485

6.734
x h = 16.953 MPa
i
27.171
37.39
47.609
57.828
68.047

78.265

88.484

98.703

108.922
119.14
129.359
139.578
149.797
z0
x
= 0 MPa
mm

2.3. Shear forces

ql
Qmax
= 24 kN
2
b sT = 120 mm

SyA (z))

(z))

tf.I
z0

if < z

mm
mm

tf.I

z mm tf.I

return t b z
+
t

mm

+
t

f.I
I 0
w.I
f.I 0

f.I

2
2

z0
hI tf.I

if < z

mm
mm

h T tT
tT
tf.I
hI z mm tf.I

return t h t h z
T
T
T
0
IT
+ tT sT hI z0 +
+ tf.I bI hI z0
+ tw.I hI z mm tf.I z mm z0 +

2
2
2
2

hI tf.I
hI

if < z

mm
mm

h T tT
tT
hI z mm

return t h t h z + t s h z +
T
T
T
0
T
T I
0
IT

+ hI z mm bI z mm z0 +

2
2
2

hI
hI + tT
if < z

mm
mm

h T tT
hI + tT z mm

return t h t h z

T
T
T
0
IT
+ hI + tT z mm sT z mm z0 +

2
2

hI + tT
hIT

if < z
mm
mm

hIT z mm

return h z mm t z mm z +

0
IT
T

else
hIT

z 0

return error: no conditions met

mm

tf.I
if 0 z
mm

z mm

return z mm bI z0

-4-

tf.I
if 0 z
mm

Qmax SyA (z))

return

bI Iy.IT

tf.I
z0
if < z
mm
mm

Qmax SyA (z))

return

tw.I Iy.IT

z0
hI tf.I
if < z
mm
mm

Qmax SyA (z))

return

tw.I Iy.IT

hI tf.I
hI
if < z
mm
mm

Qmax SyA (z))

return

bI Iy.IT

hI
hI + tT
if < z
mm
mm

Qmax SyA (z))

return

sT Iy.IT

hI + tT
hIT
if < z
mm
mm

Qmax SyA (z))

return

tT Iy.IT

else

return error: no conditions met

Diagram of static moment of "excluded area"

used to calculate shear stress distribution

Diagram of shear stress xy

z mm (mm))

z mm (mm))

260

260

240

240

220

220

200

200

180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

3
SyA (z)) cm

10

12

14

16

18

20

(z)) (MPa))

hIT
i 0
10 mm

0
10
20
30
40
50

60

70

80
90
100
110
120
h i 10 = 130
i
140
150
160
170
180

190

200

210

220
230
240
250
260

0.69
16.913
17.476
17.975
18.411

18.783

19.091

19.336
19.517
19.634
19.687
19.677
h = 0.961 MPa
i
0.824
0.76
6.151
5.823
5.43

4.974

4.455

3.872

3.225
2.514
1.74
0.902
0

j 0 10

0 mm
0

tf.I
12

t + 1 m
12.001
f.I

z0
113.41

128

hI tf.I

hspecial hI tf.I + 1 m
= 128.001

mm
140

hI

h + 1 m
140.001
I

hI + tT
153

153.001
h
+
t
+
1
m
I
T

260

hIT

z0
max
= 19.691 MPa
mm

max
= 19.7%
RT

Qmax Sy.T
weld
= 16.476 MPa
Iy.IT 2 0.7 hweld

weld
= 16.5%
RT

-5-

0.821
16.417
19.691
19.623
hspecial = 0.981 MPa
j

0.824

0.961

0.687
6.343
0

2.4. Displacment
l
wacc
= 24 mm
250
4

5 GI + GT + q l
w = 18.248 mm
384 Est Iy.IT
w
= 76%

wacc

3. Case III - I-beam with additional rectangular C35/45concrete beam

3.1. Specification of the rectangular concrete beam
Ec 34 GPa
35 MPa
fcd = 25 MPa
1.4
kN
c 25
3
m
bc bI = 140 mm
hc 80 mm

hIc hI + hc = 220 mm

b c hc
4
Iy.c
= 597.333 cm
12
Ac bc hc = 112 cm

kg
Gc Ac c = 280
2
s

3.1.1. The weighted axis

Est
n
= 6.176
Ec
Aw n AI + Ac = 369.682 cm

hI
hc
n AI + Ac hI +
2
2

zw = 103.326 mm
n AI + Ac
2
2

hI

hc
4
4

Iw n Iy.I + AI zw + Iy.c + Ac hI + zw = 1.913 10 cm

3.1.2. The geometrical axis

hI
hc
AI + Ac hI +
2
2

z0 = 150.146 mm
AI + Ac

-6-

3.2. Stresses
2

GI + Gc + q l
M = 38.747 kN m
8
M

steel (z)) n zw n z mm
I

steel (0))
= 86.2%
R

hI
steel

mm M
concrete (z)) z mm
n
Iw

|
hc |
|concrete
|
|
mm |
= 94.5%

fcd

hI
hI
x (z)) if (0 z)) z
, steel (z)) , concrete z

mm
mm

hIc
i 0
10 mm

hIc
z 0
mm

z mm (mm))

240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-60-40-20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140

x (z)) (MPa))

0
10
20
30
40
50

60

70

80
90
100
h i 10 = 110
i
120
130
140
150
160
170
180

190

200

210

220

zw
14
x
MPa
= 1.49 10
mm
hI

x
+ 0.001 = 7.428 MPa
mm

hI
i 0
10 mm

0
10
20
30
40
50

60

h i 10 = 70

i
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

129.255
116.745
104.236
91.726
79.217
66.708

54.198

steel h = 41.689 MPa

i
29.179
16.67
4.161
8.349
20.858
33.368
45.877

129.255
116.745
104.236
91.726
79.217
66.708

54.198

41.689

29.179
16.67
4.161
x h = 8.349 MPa
i
20.858
33.368
45.877
9.453
11.478
13.504
15.529

17.554

19.58

21.605

23.63

hc
j 0
10 mm

0
10
20
30
h j 10 = 40
j
50

60

70

80

-7-

7.428
9.453
11.478
13.504

concrete h = 15.529 MPa

j
17.554

19.58

21.605

23.63

Ultimate limite state for steel:

steel (0))
= 86.2%
R

Ultimate limite state for concrete:

|
hc |
| concrete
|
mm
|| = 94.5%
fcd
|
|

3.3. Displacment
4

5 GI + GT + q l
w
= 22.202 mm
384 Ec Iw
l
wacc
= 24 mm
250
w
= 92.5%

wacc

-8-