Shahzad Mukhtar Deshmukh

Javeria Musheer
Ali Akber Jarjis Morkas
Introduction
 Consideration is one of the essential element
of a valid contract.
 It is a technical term use in a sense of quid
pro quo(something in return).

EXAMPLE:
 Contd…..
Sec 2(d) defines consideration as follows:
”When at the desire……………………….. for the
promise”.

ANALYSES: the analyses of the defination

1.An act.
2.An abstinence or forbearance.
3.A return promise.
STRANGER TO
CONTRACT
Two consequences of the doctrine of privity of
contract .

EXCEPTIONS:
1.Trust or change .
2.Marriage settlement, particition or other family
arrangements.
3.Acknowledgement or Estoppels.
4.Assignment of a contract.
5.Contract entered into through an agent.
6.Convenants running with the land.
EXCEPTION
Although an agreement made without
consideration is void but sec (25 and 185)
deal with the exceptions to this rule.
Following are the cases of exception:
Cases for Exception
1. Love and Affection .
2. Compensation for voluntary services.
3. Promise to pay a time barred debt.
4. Completed gift
5. Agency
6. Charitable subscription.