Mo t xc nh (Definite Article)

04.09.2008 11:14
Hnh thc ca Mo t xc nh (Definite Article)
The dng cho c danh t m c (s t ln s nhiu) v danh t khng m c.
V du:
- The truth (su tht)
- The time (thi gian)
- The bicycle (mt chic xe ap)
- The bicycles (nhng chic xe ap)
Dng mo t xc nh
! Khi vt th hay nhm vt th l duy nht hoc c xem l duy nht
V du:
- The sun (mt tri); the sea (bin c)
- The world (th gii); the earth (qu t)
"! Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh t ny va mi c cp trc .
V du:
- saw a beggar.The beggar looked curiously at me.
(Ti thy mt ngi n xin. Ngi n xin y nhn ti vi v t m)
#! Trc mt danh t, vi iu kin danh t ny c xc jnh bng mt cum t hoc mt mnh
.
V du:
- The girl in uniform (C gi mc ng phuc)
- The mechanic that met (Ngi th my m ti gp)
- The place where waited for him (Noi m ti i anh ta)
$! Trc mt danh t chi mt vt ring bit
V du:
- My father is working in the garden
- (Cha ti ang lm vic trong vn) [Vn nh ti]
- Please pass the dictionary (Lm on a quyn tu in) [Tu in trn bn]
%! Trc so snh cuc cp, Trc fir&t (th nht), &econ' (th nh), onl( (duy nht).... khi cc t
ny c dng nh tnh t hay ai t.
V du:
- The first day (ngy u tin)
- The best time (thi gian thun tin nht)
- The only way (cch duy nht)
- The first to discover this accident (ngi u tin pht hin tai nan ny)
)! The * Danh t &+ ,t tng trng cho mt nhm th vt hoc vt
V du:
- The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (C voi ang trong nguy co tuyt chng)
- The fast food has made life easier for housewives.(Thc n nhanh lm cho cc b ni tr c
cuc sng d dng hon)
.! The c th dng Trc mt thnh vin ca mt nhm ngi nht jnh
V du:
- The small shopkeeper is finding business increasingly difficult (Gii ch tim nh thy vic bun
bn ngy cng kh khn)
/! The * Danh t &+ ,t dng Trc mt ng t s t. ai t l He / She /It
V du:
- The first-class passenger pays more so that he enjoys some comfort.
(Hnh khch i v hang nht tr tin nhiu hon hng tin nghi thoi mi)
0! The * T,nh t tng trng cho mt nhm ngi
V du:
-The old (ngi gi); the rich and the poor (ngi giu v ngi ngho)
1! The dng Trc nhng danh t ring chi bin, sng, qun o, dy ni, tn goi s nhiu ca
cc nc, sa mac, min
V du:
- The Pacific (Thi Bnh Dong);The Netherlands (H Lan)
- The Crimea (Vng Crim); The Alps (dy Alps)
! The cng ng Trc nhng tn goi gm Danh t + of + danh t
V du:
- The Gulf of Mexico (Vjnh Mhic)
- The United States of America (Hip chng quc Hoa Ky).
Nhng ngi ta lai ni:
- South Africa (Nam Phi), North America (Bc M), West Germany (Ty c),mc dThe north of
Spain (Bc Ty Ban Nha)2 The Middle East (Trung ng);The West (Ty Phong
" The * h3 (4 &+ nhi56) ngha l 7ia nh 888
V du:The Smiths = Gia nh Smith (v chng Smith v cc con)
9h:ng 'ng mo t xc nh
! Trc tn quc gia, tn chu luc, tn ni, tn h, tn ng.
V du:
Europe (Chu u), South America (Nam M), France (Php quc), Downing Street (Ph
Downing)
"! Khi danh t khng m c hoc danh t s nhiu dng theo ngha chung nht, ch khng
chi ring trng hp no.
V du:
- don't like French beer (Ti chng thch bia ca Php)
- don't like Mondays (Ti chng thch ngy th hai)
#! Trc danh t tru tng, tr phi danh t chi mt trng hp c bit.
V du:
- Men fear death (Con ngi s ci cht)
Nhng:
- The death of the President made his country acephalous (ci cht ca vjtng thng khin
cho t nc ng khng c ngi lnh ao).
$! Sau s hu tnh t(possessive adjective) hoc sau danh t s hu cch(possessive case) .
V du:
- M( friend, ch ;h:ng n<iMy the friend
- The girl's mother = the mother of the girl (Me ca c gi)
%! Trc tn goi cc ba n.
V du:
-They invited some friends to dinner.
(Ho mi vi ngi ban n n ti)
Nhng:
- The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden
(Ba tic ci c t chc trong mt khu vn xinh ep)
)! Trc cc tc hiu.
V du:
- President Roosevelt (Tng thng Roosevelt)
- King Louis XV of France (Vua Louis XV ca Php)
.! Trong cc trng hp sau y:
- Women are always fond of music (Phu n lun thch m nhac)
- Come by car/by bus (n bng xe t/xe byt)
- n spring/in autumn (Vo ma xun/ma thu), last night (m qua), next year(nm ti), from
beginning to end (t u ti cui), from left to right (t tri sang phi).
- To play golf/chess/cards (choi gn/ nh c/nh bi)
=>6 ?
Nature mang ngha "T nhin , thin nhin " th khng dng the8
V du:
- According to the laws of nature (Theo quy lut tu nhin)
- They couldn't tolerate city life anymore and went back to nature(Ho khng chju ni i sng
thnh thj na v tr v vi thin nhin)
He istened to the radio(Anh ta nghe rai), nhng He !atchedtee"ision(Anh ta xem TV) ; hoc
He heard it on the radio(Anh ta nghe c vic trn rai), nhng He sa! it on T#(Anh ta
thy vic trn TV).
Go home/get home (i v nh), be at home ( nh), nhng Theyreturned to the $ride%roo&'s
ho&e(Ho tr lai nh ch r).Go to bed/hospital/church/school/ work/prison (i ng/i nm bnh
vin/i l/i hoc/i lm/ i t), nhng They !ent to the schoo to see their chidren's teacher(Ho
n trng gp thy ca con ho) ( The)riest %oes to the *ai to)ray for the t!o dyin%
)risoners(Linh muc n nh t cu nguyn cho hai ngi t ang hp hi) She will get a
bus at the church (C ta s n xe byt ch nh th).Ni chung, +h,n% th- thi.u The nu n
trng khng phi hoc, n nh t khng phi t hoc n nh th khng phi du l.