TRNG IN T C TO

BI ANTEN
Ta cu
r

H ta cu


cos sin sin cos sin
tan tan
1
2 2
1 2 2 2
r z r y r x
x
y
z
y x
z y x r
= = =
=
+
= + + =

z
y
x r
r
z
y
x
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
0 cos sin
sin sin cos cos cos
cos sin sin cos sin
0 sin cos
cos sin cos sin sin
sin cos cos cos sin

A A A r A
r
+ + =
r
TRNG IN T C TO
BI ANTEN
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

r E r E r r E r E
r
r r r r
r
+ + =
( ) ( ) ( )


r E r E r E
r r r
r
+ =
( ) ( )

, F
r
e
r E
jkr
=
r
( ) ( )

, F
r
e
r E
jkr
=
r
( ) r E
r

( ) r E
r

( ) ( ) ( )


,

, F F
r
e
r E
jkr
+ =

r
r
Antenna Definition
An antenna is a circuit element that
provides a transition form a guided
wave on a transmission line to a free
space wave and it provides for the
collection of electromagnetic energy.
Antenna research from
Miller & Beasley, 2002
VNG BC X
MT BC X V CNG
BC X
S PHN CC
Phn cc ellipse
th bc x
( )
( )
max
,
,
U
U
U
n

=
3 cos cos ,
2 2
=
n
U
( ) 2 , sin =
( ) 2 , sin
2
=

0
0
( ) ( )

=
0
sin sin
2
0
B
U
HPBW
HPBW-Power pattern (in dB)
SIDE SLOPE LEVEL AND FRONT
TO BACK RATIO
GC KHI CA ANTEN
R
P
max
U
R
P
max
U
P
R
A

max
U
GC KHI
CA ANTEN
max
U
GC KHI
CA ANTEN
TH BC X
CA ANTEN BT K
max
U
max
U
P
R
A
=
R
P
GC KHI
CA ANTEN
li hng tnh v h s nh
hng
II
U
max
4
r
avgI
P
U =
III
U
max
IV
U
max
IV III II avgI
U U U U
max max max
< < <
r
P
avg
U
U
D
max
0
4
max
0
R
P
U
D
H S NH HNG

4
,
,
R
P
U
D
LI ANTEN V EIRP
( )
( )

4
,
,
A
P
U
G =
4
max
0
A
P
U
G =
( )
0 0
log 10 G G
dB
=
c c
U EIRP 4
c
U U
max
W
c
U U
max
c
U U
max
A A
P G U EIRP
0 max
4
S A
P P
CC ANTEN THU
L
Z
A
R
A
jX
C
V
A
C
L C
R
V
P P
8
2
max
=
L
A L
C
L
R
Z Z
V
P
2
2
1
+
=
CNG SUT THU C TRN TI
KHI TI PHI HP TR KHNG VI ANTEN

=
A L
Z Z
L
Z
A
R
A
jX
C
V
A A A L
jX R Z Z = =

H s truyn t cng sut
2
4
A L
A L
C
L
r
Z Z
R R
P
P
q
+
= =
A L
A L
Z Z
Z Z
+

=
2
1
r
q
i e C
W A P =
2
2
i
i
E
W = CNG SUT THU
MT CNG
SUT TI ANTEN
THU
( ) ( )
2
2
,
4
, ,
i r r r r e
p p G p A
r r r
=

DIN TCH HIU
DNG CA
ANTEN THU
Receiver antenna
Cng thc Friis
2
2
, ,
4
r t r t r r r t t t S
p p q q G G P
r
P
L
r r

( ) ( ) ( )

=
2
2
, ,
4
log 10 log 10
r t r t r r r t t t S
p p q q G G P
r
P
L
r r

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
km MHz r t r t dB r r r
dB
t t t S L
r f p p q q G G P P
dB dB dBm dBm
log 20 log 20 44 . 32 log 20 , , + + + + + + + =
r r

ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t t
p q G P
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
( ) ( ) ( )
r t r t r r r t t t L L
p p q q G G P P
r r

, ,
4
2

=
( ) ( ) [ ]
km MHz
dB
r
dB
t S L
r f G G P P
dBm dBm
log 20 log 20 44 . 32
0 0
+ + + + =
( ) ( )
km MHz
r f FPL log 20 log 20 44 . 32 + + =