Dang Thi Ngoc Dung

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC KINH T TP. H CH MINH

----------------------

NG TH NGC DUNG

CC YU T NH HNG N NH S DNG
H THNG TU IN NGM METRO TI TP. HCM

LUN VN THC S KINH T

TP. H Ch Minh Nm 2012

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC KINH T TP. H CH MINH
----------------------

CHNG TRNH GING DY KINH T FULBRIGHT

NG TH NGC DUNG

CC YU T NH HNG N NH S DNG
H THNG TU IN NGM METRO TI TP. HCM

Chuyn ngnh: Chnh sch cng
M s: 603114

LUN VN THC S KINH T

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC
TS. CAO HO THI

TP. H Ch Minh Nm 2012
i
LI CAM OAN

Ti cam oan lun vn ny hon ton do ti thc hin. Cc on trch dn v s liu s
dng trong lun vn u c dn ngun v c chnh xc cao nht trong phm vi hiu
bit ca ti. Lun vn ny khng nht thit phn nh quan im ca Trng i hc Kinh
t TP. H Ch Minh hay Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright.

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 27 thng 04 nm 2012
Tc gi

ng Th Ngc Dung

ii
TM TT LUN VN
Tc nghn giao thng ang tht s tr thnh mt vn nn thnh ph H Ch Minh. Mt
trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh l do s gia tng chng mt ca phng tin c nhn,
trong khi qu t dnh cho giao thng l hu hn. Chnh v vy, h thng tu in ngm
Metro ra i c xem l gii php cu cnh cho bi ton n tc giao thng. Tuy nhin, t
l s dng phng tin cng cng ca ngi dn thnh ph cn rt thp. V th, mc tiu
ca nghin cu l xy dng m hnh v cc yu t nh hng n nh s dng Metro
cng nh o lng mc nh hng ca cc yu t ny n nh.
Trn c s l thuyt v vai tr ca nh i vi hnh vi v cc yu t nh hng n
nh s dng Metro, nghin cu kho st gn 300 ngi dn sinh sng TP. HCM,
trong c 225 ngi c hiu bit v Metro nhm xc nh cc yu t nh hng n
nh s dng tu in ngm Metro ti TP. HCM.
Phng php phn tch nhn t c s dng vi tp hp 21 bin ban u, i din cho
5 nhm nhn t. Qua cc bc phn tch tin cy v phn tch tng quan, nghin cu
loi b 5 bin khng ph hp v iu chnh m hnh nghin cu cn 16 bin i din cho 4
nhm nhn t. l cc nhm Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, S hp dn ca phng
tin c nhn, Chun ch quan v Nhn thc v mi trng.
Kt qu hi quy cho thy c 4 nhm nhn t trn u nh hng n nh s dng Metro.
Trong , tc ng mnh nht n nh l nhn t Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, tip
theo l Nhn thc v mi trng, Chun ch quan v cui cng l S hp dn ca phng
tin c nhn.
T kt qu phn tch trn, nghin cu a ra nhng kin ngh nhm tng Nhn thc s hu
ch ca Metro nh cn ch n yu t thi gian ca ngi s dng Metro, trnh tnh
trng tt nghn khi ln xung tu, tr chuyn; cn thng tin c th trn cc phng tin
thng tin i chng v lch trnh v thi gian tu chy ngi dn c th t ch v mt
thi gian khi s dng Metro. i vi chnh quyn thnh ph, cn m nhiu t tuyn
truyn, vn ng v khuyn khch ngi dn s dng Metro, nng cao thc v mi
trng n mi tng lp dn c.
T kha: h thng tu in ngm Metro, nh, thuyt hnh vi d nh, m hnh chp
nhn cng ngh.
iii

MC LC

LI CAM OAN ................................................................................................................... i
TM TT LUN VN ........................................................................................................ ii
MC LC ............................................................................................................................ iii
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT V K HIU ............................................................ v
DANH MC BNG BIU .................................................................................................. vi
DANH MC HNH NH ................................................................................................... vii
LI CM N ..................................................................................................................... viii
Chng 1: GII THIU TI ......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Bi cnh vn chnh sch .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 S cn thit ca ti ...................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Mc tiu nghin cu ........................................................................................................ 4
1.4 Phm vi v i tng nghin cu .................................................................................... 5
1.5 Cu hi nghin cu ......................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Cu trc ca ti .......................................................................................................... 5
Chng 2: C S L THUYT V M HNH NGHIN CU ...................................... 6
2.1 Gii thch cc khi nim quan trng ................................................................................ 6
2.2 Tng quan c s l thuyt ................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1Thuyt hnh vi d nh (TPB) ................................................................................. 6
2.2.2 M hnh chp nhn cng ngh (TAM) ..................................................................... 8
2.3 M hnh nghin cu xut ............................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 M hnh kt hp TPB v TAM ................................................................................ 9
2.3.2 M hnh kt hp TPB, TAM v cc yu t khc ................................................... 10
2.4 Phn tch tng nhn t trong m hnh xut ............................................................... 12
2.4.1 Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro ............................................................................ 12
2.4.2 S hp dn ca PTCN ............................................................................................ 13
2.4.3 Chun ch quan (SN) ............................................................................................. 14
iv
2.4.4 Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi (PBC) ...................................................................... 15
2.4.5 Nhn thc v mi trng (EA) .............................................................................. 15
2.4.6 nh s dng Metro ............................................................................................ 16
2.5 Cc gi thuyt m hnh nghin cu xut ................................................................... 17
Chng 3: PHNG PHP NGHIN CU .................................................................... 19
3.1 Thit k nghin cu ...................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Xy dng thang o v bng hi iu tra ........................................................................ 19
3.2.1 Xy dng thang o ................................................................................................. 19
3.2.2 Bng hi iu tra .................................................................................................... 20
3.3 Phng php ly mu v thu thp s liu ...................................................................... 20
3.4 Thng tin v mu ........................................................................................................... 21
Chng 4: PHN TCH D LIU ..................................................................................... 22
4.1 Phn tch thng k m t ............................................................................................... 22
4.1.1 Thng k m t v tn sut v c trng ca c nhn c kho st .................... 22
4.1.2 Thng k m t v tn sut v c trng lin quan n phng tin giao thng ... 23
4.2 Phn tch tng quan .................................................................................................... 23
4.2.1 Tng quan gia cc bin c lp trong tng nhm yu t vi bin ph thuc .... 23
4.2.2 Tng quan gia cc bin c lp trong cng nhm yu t .................................. 23
4.3 Phn tch tin cy ........................................................................................................ 24
4.4 Phn tch nhn t ............................................................................................................ 24
4.5 M hnh iu chnh ........................................................................................................ 28
4.6 Phn tch hi quy .......................................................................................................... 28
4.7 Kim nh gi thuyt ..................................................................................................... 30
4.8 Kim nh s khc bit ca cc bin nh tnh ............................................................. 30
4.9 Mc nh hng ca tng nhm nhn t n nh s dng Metro ........................ 32
Chng 5. KT LUN V KIN NGH ........................................................................... 33
5.1 Kt lun v ng gp ca ti ..................................................................................... 33
5.2 Kin ngh chnh sch ...................................................................................................... 34
5.3 Cc hn ch v hng nghin cu tip theo ca ti .................................................. 35
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................... 37
PH LC ............................................................................................................................ 41
v
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT V K HIU
AA : (Alternatives attractiveness) S hp dn ca sn phm thay th
ANOVA : (Analysis of Variance) Phng php phn tch phng sai
ADB : (Asian Development Bank) Ngn hng pht trin chu
EA : (Environment Awareness) Nhn thc v mi trng
EFA : (Exploratory Factor Analysis) Phng php phn tch nhn t khm ph
GDP : (Gross Domestic Product) Tng sn phm quc ni
GTCC : Giao thng cng cng
GTVT : Giao thng vn ti
IT : (Intention) nh
KMO : (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) Ch s xem xt s thch hp ca EFA
KMRT : (Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit)
H thng vn chuyn khi lng ln vi tc nhanh Kaohsiung
Metro : H thng tu in ngm Metro
MRT : (Mass Rapid Transit) H thng vn chuyn khi lng ln c tc nhanh
PBC : (Perceived Behavirol Control) Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi
PEU : (Perceived Ease of Use) Nhn thc tnh d s dng
PTCC : Phng tin cng cng
PTCN : Phng tin c nhn
PU : (Perceived Usefulness) Nhn thc s hu ch
SN : (Subjective Norms) Chun ch quan
SPSS : Phn mm SPSS phn tch d liu
TAM : (Technology Acceptance Model) M hnh chp nhn cng ngh
TRA : (Theory of Reasoned Action) Thuyt hnh ng hp l
TPB : (Theory of Planned Behavior) Thuyt hnh vi d nh
TP.HCM: Thnh ph H Ch Minh
UBND : y ban nhn dn
VIF : (Variance Inflation Factor) H s phng i phng sai
vi

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1.1. Khi lng vn chuyn hnh khch giai on 2002 - 2009 .................................. 3
Bng 2.1. Thang o Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro ........................................................ 13
Bng 2.2. Thang o S hp dn ca PTCN ......................................................................... 14
Bng 2.3. Thang o Chun ch quan ................................................................................... 15
Bng 2.4. Thang o Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi .............................................................. 15
Bng 2.5. Thang o v Nhn thc ca mi trng .............................................................. 16
Bng 2.6. Thang o nh s dng Metro ......................................................................... 16
Bng 4.1. Phn tch tin cy Cronbachs Alpha ............................................................... 24
Bng 4.2. Kt qu kim nh KMO v Barlett .................................................................... 26
Bng 4.3. Kt qu phn tch nhn t .................................................................................... 27
Bng 4.4. Bng nh gi ph hp ca m hnh theo R
2
v Durbin-Watson .................. 28
Bng 4.5. Kt qu kim nh ANOVA ................................................................................ 29
Bng 4.6. Kt qu hi quy theo phng php Enter ............................................................ 29
Bng 4.7. Kt qu kim nh cc gi thuyt ........................................................................ 30

vii
DANH MC HNH NH

Hnh 1.1. Tc tng dn s TP. HCM ................................................................................ 2
Hnh 1.2. Tc gia tng xe my TP. HCM ...................................................................... 3
Hnh 2.1. Thuyt hnh ng hp l (TRA) ........................................................................... 7
Hnh 2.2. Thuyt hnh vi d nh (TPB) ............................................................................... 7
Hnh 2.3. M hnh chp nhn cng ngh (TAM) .................................................................. 8
Hnh 2.4. M hnh kt hp TPB v TAM ca Chen, C.F & Chao, W.H (2010) ................... 9
Hnh 2.5. M hnh kt hp TPB v TAM ca nghin cu .................................................. 10
Hnh 2.6. M hnh nghin cu xut ................................................................................ 12
Hnh 2.7. Cc gi thuyt nghin cu ................................................................................... 18
Hnh 3.1. Quy trnh nghin cu ........................................................................................... 19
Hnh 4.1. M hnh iu chnh .............................................................................................. 28

viii
LI CM N

Li u tin, ti chn thnh cm n TS. Cao Ho Thi, ngi trc tip hng dn ti thc
hin ti. Thy gip ti nh hng nghin cu v dnh cho ti nhng li khuyn qu
bu, li gp v ph bnh su sc gip ti hon thnh nghin cu ny.
Ti gi li cm n su sc n qu Thy, C ti Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright
i hc Kinh t TP. HCM nhit tnh ging dy, truyn t phng php t duy v
nhng kin thc qu bu trong sut hai nm hc tp ti trng.
Cm n nhng ngi bn thn thit trong tp th lp MPP3 chia s v ng vin ti
trong sut thi gian qua. c bit cm n bn Nguyn c Vinh h tr ti trong qu
trnh kho st, cm n cc bn Ng Th Thu Hin, H Th Hng Giang v Triu Vit H
dnh cho ti nhng ng gp hu ch cho bng cu hi.
Cui cng l li bit n su sc dnh cho Ba M v cc em, lun bn cnh ng h,
ng vin ti nhng lc kh khn gip ti hon thnh lun vn ny.

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 27 thng 04 nm 2012
ng Th Ngc Dung
1
Chng 1
GII THIU TI

1.1 Bi cnh vn chnh sch
n tc giao thng ang tr thnh vn ng bo ng Thnh ph H Ch Minh
(TP.HCM). Theo Phm Xun Mai (2011), tng thit hi cc mt nh tiu th nhiu nhin
liu, gy tai nn, gy kt xedo xe my gy ra khong 1,07 t USD/nm, chim 11,2%
GDP ca TP. HCM
1
. Tnh trng n tc giao thng ko di TP. HCM chnh l kt qu ca
s pht trin khng ng b gia tng trng kinh t v c s h tng giao thng
2
. Mt
trong nhng yu km ca c s h tng giao thng l cha c h thng giao thng vn ti
cng cng c kh nng p ng phn ln nhu cu i li ca ngi dn thnh ph. V th,
mc tiu trng im ca chnh quyn thnh ph l xy dng v pht trin h thng vn ti
cng cng khi lng ln, hin i nhm gii quyt tnh trng n tc giao thng hin nay.
D n h thng tu in ngm Metro (gi tt l Metro) ang c trin khai ti TP. HCM
theo Quyt nh 101/Q-TTg ca Th tng chnh ph v Ph duyt Quy hoch pht
trin giao thng vn ti TP. HCM n nm 2020 v tm nhn sau nm 2020. Mc tiu ca
h thng Metro nhm gia tng th phn ca phng thc vn ti cng cng ln 47-50% vo
nm 2020
3
. Theo quy hoch, mng li ng st th bao gm 06 tuyn Metro
4
, 02
tuyn monorail
5
v 01 tuyn xe in mt t vi tng chiu di 109km
6
. Cho n thi im
hin nay, tuyn s 1 v tuyn s 2 ca Metro bc vo giai on thi cng. D kin n
nm 2016
7
hai tuyn ny s hon thnh v i vo hot ng.
H thng tu in ngm Metro c xy dng TP. HCM mt thnh ph c hot ng
kinh t nng ng nht v ng u c nc v tc tng trng kinh t vi t trng

1
Trch trong T An (2011), Mi nm xe my gy thit hi cho TP. HCM trn 1 t USD, Si Gn Tip Th,
truy cp ngy 30/03/2012 ti a ch: http://www.tin247.com/moi_nam%2C_xe_may_gay_thiet_hai_cho_TP.
HCM_tren_1_ty_usd-1-21790931.html
2
S GTVT TP. HCM (2010), Thc trng v quy hoch pht trin giao thng vn ti TP. HCM n nm
2020
3
MVA Asia Limited (2009), D n Tuyn vn ti th khi lng ln s 2, tr. 2-5
4
Chi tit 6 tuyn Metro c trnh by Ph lc 1
5
L tu in ngm mt ray, trong toa xe ch cn mt ray hot ng
6
iu 1, mc 3b Quyt nh 101/Q-TTg ca Chnh ph
7
Hi An An Nhn (2010), Khi cng tu in ngm di 11 km ti TP HCM, Vnexpress, truy cp ngy
01/04/2012, ti a ch http://vnexpress.net/gl/xa-hoi/2010/08/3ba1f9a9/

2
GDP ca TP. HCM chim 1/3 GDP ca c nc
8
. V mt a l, TP. HCM nm pha Ty
sng Si Gn, cch ca sng 57 km v pha Ty Bc. Thnh ph c chia thnh 22 qun,
trong c 12 qun th (t Qun 1 n 12), c 4 qun ni thnh (Bnh Thnh, G Vp,
Tn Bnh, Ph Nhun) v 6 qun ngoi vi (C Chi, Hc Mn, Th c, Bnh Chnh, Nh
B v Cn Gi)
9
. Dn s bnh qun trn a bn thnh ph nm 2011 c tnh 7.600,4
nghn ngi, tng 2,8% so vi nm 2010
10
. Hnh 1.1 cho thy dn s thnh ph lin tc
tng trong cc nm qua. Chnh tc gia tng dn s c hc qu nhanh ny ko theo
nhu cu i li ca ngi dn ngy cng tng cao.
Hnh 1.1 Tc tng dn s TP. HCM

Ngun: Cc thng k TP. HCM, 2011, trch trong UBND, 2011, tr. 17
Phng tin giao thng chnh TP. HCM l phng tin c nhn vi t l s dng 93%,
trong xe gn my chim 78%, t con chim 1,2%, phn cn li ch yu l xe p
(MVA Asia Limited, 2009, tr. 2-4). Qua Hnh 1.2, c th nhn thy s lng xe gn my
tng lin tc trong nhng nm gn y. iu ny s khin bi ton v tc nghn giao thng
ca TP. HCM ngy cng tr nn nan gii hn.

8
Mng thng tin tch hp trn Internet ca TPHCM - HCM City web (2010), mc Gii thiu chung, truy cp
ngy 30/04/2012 ti a ch
http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/gioithieu/default.aspx?Source=%2Fgioithieu&Category=Gi%E1%BB%9B
i+thi%E1%BB%87u+chung&ItemID=9&Mode=1
9
UBND TP. HCM (2011), Bo co tnh hnh kinh t - x hi TP. HCM nm 2011 v phng hng, nhim
v pht trin kinh t - x hi nm 2012
10
UBND TP. HCM (2011), Bo co tnh hnh kinh t - x hi TP. HCM nm 2011 v phng hng, nhim
v pht trin kinh t - x hi nm 2012
3
Hnh 1.2 Tc gia tng xe gn my TP. HCM

Ngun: Gomez-Ibanez, Jose A. & Nguyn Xun Thnh, 2008, v tng hp t internet
Bn cnh , h thng phng tin giao thng cng cng (gi tt l PTCC), ch yu l xe
but, cha tht s thu ht s tham gia ca ngi dn vi t l s dng rt thp 5%
11
, mc
d s lt hnh khch qua cc nm c tng (Bng 1.1). TP. HCM m nhiu t vn
ng ngi dn i xe but, vi cam kt i mi din mo bn ngoi n cht lng bn
trong, nhng thc t nhiu ngi dn vn cha c thi thn thin vi xe but
12
.
Bng 1.1 Khi lng vn chuyn hnh khch giai on 2002-2009 n v: triu lt
STT Ch tiu 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1 Xe but 36.2 73.5 122.1 208.7 253.4 296.2 342.5 342.2
a Xe but c tr gi 21.4 66.6 113.7 199.7 235.7 270.7 316.1 290.9
Tuyn ph thng 18.4 60.2 106.2 187.7 221.0 256.1 303.3
Tuyn Hc sinh Sinh
vin Cng nhn
2.9 6.5 7.5 12.0 14.7 14.6 12.9
b Xe but khng tr gi 14.8 6.9 8.4 9.0 17.7 25.5 26.3 51.3
2 Xe taxi 21.1 15.7 41.2 45.9 55.5 84.0 109.6 138.9
3 Tng cng 57.3 89.2 163.3 254.6 308.9 380.3 452.1 481.1
Ngun: S GTVT TP. HCM (2010), Tng lai ca vn ti hnh khch cng cng TP. HCM

11
MVA Asia Limited, D n Tuyn vn ti th khi lng ln s 2, 2009, tr. 3-1
12
Hu Cng (2012), 1001 l do ngi Si Gn khng thch i xe but, Xa l tin tc, truy cp ngy
01/04/2012 ti a ch http://tintuc.xalo.vn/00-
1599341446/1001_ly_do_nguoi_Sai_Gon_khong_thich_xe_buyt.html
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Xe my 2285 2306 2429 2623 2903 3406 4200 4871 5377 5883
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
4
Trc tnh trng ngi dn cha tht s mn m vi PTCC, Chnh quyn thnh ph cn c
nhng chnh sch khuyn khch ngi dn thnh ph s dng phng tin cng cng, c
bit l khi Metro chnh thc i vo hot ng. Vic khuyn khch ngi dn s dng
Metro, nu c hiu qu, mt mt s m bo hiu qu ti chnh ca d n, mt khc s gp
phn nhm gii quyt bi ton n tc giao thng v nhim trn a bn thnh ph.
1.2 S cn thit ca ti
Phng tin giao thng cng cng c xem l yu t then cht pht trin h thng giao
thng bn vng. PTCC gip gim kt xe, nhim mi trng, tai nn giao thng v.v
(Morley, C., 2011, tr. 1; Heath, Y. & Gifford, R., 2002, tr. 2154). D rng s tin b ra
u t phng tin giao thng cng cng cc nc trn th gii rt ln
13
nhng c rt t
d n nghin cu thi v hnh vi ca ngi dn i vi PTCC, c bit nhng nc
ang pht trin (Yusak O.S., & Tri Basukia, 2009, tr. 2). nhiu nc, con s d on v
lng hnh khch bao gi cng cao hn con s thc t m ngi dn s dng. M, con
s d bo hnh khch ca mt s h thng xe in nh
14
cao hn rt nhiu so vi con s
thc t (Pickrell, 1992; Mackett & Edwards, 1998, trch trong Aoife A., 2001, tr. 21).
i Loan, sau hn hai nm hot ng k t thng 9 nm 2008, h thng Metro thnh ph
Kiaohsiung ch tng t l ngi dn s dng PTCC t 5% n 9.6% trong khi t l s dng
xe my vn gi mc 50% (Oliver F.S., Yu-Hsuan H., & David E.A., 2010, tr. 1). V th,
pht huy li ch kinh t ca d n Metro, cn phi c mt nghin cu c th da trn
bng chng thc nghim tm ra nhng nhn t c tc ng n nh s dng PTCC
ny, t a ra cc gii php thch hp.
1.3 Mc tiu nghin cu
Nghin cu ny c thc hin vi mc tiu l xy dng m hnh cc yu t nh hng
n nh s dng Metro ca ngi dn ti TP. HCM v mc tc ng ca cc yu t
ny n nh s dng. T a ra nhng gii php gip khuyn khch ngi dn s
dng khi Metro chnh thc i vo hot ng.

13
Cc nh t vn k hoch Metro TP. HCM c tnh chi ph u t cho ton b mng li di 161 km c
th tn 9.7 t -la, bnh qun 60 triu -la mt km (Gomez-Ibanez, Jose A. & Nguyn Xun Thnh, 2008,
tr. 8)
14
Nguyn tc light rail system
5
1.4 Phm vi v i tng nghin cu
Phm vi nghin cu ca ti l ton b h thng tu in ngm Metro khu vc TP.
HCM. i tng nghin cu l nh s dng Metro ca ngi dn sinh sng ti TP.
HCM v c hiu bit v Metro.
1.5 Cu hi nghin cu
Vi mc tiu v phm vi nghin cu trnh by, bi vit s tr li 3 cu hi nghin cu
nh sau:
Cu hi 1: Cc yu t nh hng n nh s dng Metro ca ngi dn ti TP. HCM?
Cu hi 2: Mc tc ng ca cc yu t ny n nh s dng Metro nh th no?
Cu hi 3: Gii php no khuyn khch ngi dn ti TP. HCM s dng Metro khi h
thng ny hon thnh v i vo hot ng?
1.6 Cu trc ca ti
ti gm 6 chng. Chng 1 gii thiu bi cnh chnh sch, s cn thit ca ti, mc
tiu, phm vi v cu hi nghin cu. Chng 2 trnh by c s l thuyt, tham kho cc
nghin cu trc v m hnh xut. Chng 3 khi qut phng php nghin cu.
Chng 4 m t d liu kho st, a ra nhng kt qu thu c t phn tch d liu v
kim nh gi thuyt. Chng 5 l phn kt lun, ng gp ca ti v nhng kin ngh
chnh sch mang tnh gi m cho chnh quyn TP. HCM trong bi cnh hin ti.

6
Chng 2
C S L THUYT V M HNH NGHIN CU

Chng 2 trnh by cc khi nim quan trng, tng quan c s l thuyt v m hnh l
thuyt p dng cho nghin cu. Trong , bin ph thuc l nh s dng h thng tu
in ngm Metro v cc yu t v l thuyt c nh hng n nh ny.
2.1 Gii thch cc khi nim quan trng
Metro: theo Ban qun l ng st th
15
, Metro l tu in chy bng ng ray trong
th c sc vn chuyn khi lng ln. H thng Metro TP. HCM bao gm on i
ngm v i trn cao.
nh: theo Ajzen, I.(1991, tr. 181) nh c xem l bao gm cc yu t ng c c
nh hng n hnh vi ca mi c nhn; cc yu t ny cho thy mc sn sng hoc n
lc m mi c nhn s b ra thc hin hnh vi
16
.
2.2 Tng quan c s l thuyt
Trn c s i tng nghin cu l nh s dng, ti trnh by 2 hc thuyt rt quan
trng i vi nh v hnh vi ca mi c nhn v c kim chng thc nghim trong
rt nhiu nghin cu. l thuyt hnh vi d nh v m hnh chp nhn cng ngh.
2.2.1 Thuyt hnh vi d nh
Thuyt hnh vi d nh (Ajzen, 1991) l s pht trin v ci tin ca Thuyt hnh ng
hp l. Thuyt hnh ng hp l TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action) c Ajzen v
Fishbein xy dng t nm 1975 v c xem l hc thuyt tin phong trong lnh vc
nghin cu tm l x hi (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993; Olson & Zanna, 1993; Sheppard,
Hartwick, & Warshaw, 1988, trch trong Mark, C. & Christopher J.A., 1998, tr. 1430). M
hnh TRA cho thy hnh vi c quyt nh bi nh thc hin hnh vi . Mi quan h
gia nh v hnh vi c a ra v kim chng thc nghim trong rt nhiu nghin
cu nhiu lnh vc (Ajzen, 1988; Ajzen & Fishben, 1980; Canary & Seibold, 1984;

15
Ban qun l ng st th (2012), Gii thiu d n Tuyn s 1, trang web ca Ban qun l ng st
th, truy cp ngy 20/04/2012 ti a ch http://hcmc-maur.vn/vn/Du-An/Loai-Du-An-1/Du-An-Tuyen-
Duong-Sat-Metro-Ben-Thanh-Suoi-Tien-Giai-Doan-1/
16
Nguyn tc Intentions are assumed to capture the motivational factors that influence a behavior; they are
indications of how hard people are willing to try, of how much an effort they are planning to exert, in order to
perform the behavior.
7
Sheppard, Hartwick, & Warshaw, 1988, trch trong Ajzen, 1991, tr. 186). Hai yu t chnh
nh hng n nh l thi c nhn v chun ch quan. Trong , thi ca mt c
nhn c o lng bng nim tin v s nh gi i vi kt qu ca hnh vi . Ajzen
(1991, tr. 188) nh ngha chun ch quan (Subjective Norms) l nhn thc ca nhng
ngi nh hng s ngh rng c nhn nn thc hin hay khng thc hin hnh vi. M
hnh TRA c trnh by Hnh 2.1.
Hnh 2.1 Thuyt hnh ng hp l (TRA)

Ngun: Davis, Bagozzi v Warshaw, 1989, trch trong Chutter M.Y., 2009, tr. 3
Theo Ajzen (1991), s ra i ca thuyt hnh vi d nh TPB (Theory of Planned
Behavior) xut pht t gii hn ca hnh vi m con ngi c t s kim sot. Nhn t th
ba m Ajzen cho l c nh hng n nh ca con ngi l yu t Nhn thc kim sot
hnh vi (Perceived Behavioral Control). Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi phn nh vic d
dng hay kh khn khi thc hin hnh vi v vic thc hin hnh vi c b kim sot hay
hn ch hay khng (Ajzen, 1991, tr. 183). Hc thuyt TPB c m hnh ha Hnh 2.2.
Hnh 2.2 Thuyt hnh vi d nh (TPB)

Ngun: Ajzen, I., The theory of planned behaviour, 1991, tr. 182
o lng nim tin i vi nhng
thuc tnh ca sn phm
Nim tin i vi nhng thuc tnh
ca sn phm

Nim tin v nhng ngi nh hng
s ngh rng ti nn thc hin hay
khng thc hin hnh vi
S thc y lm theo mun ca
nhng ngi nh hng
Thi
nh
Chun ch
quan
Thi
Chun ch quan
Nhn thc kim
sot hnh vi
nh hnh vi
8
Heath, Y. v Gifford, R. (2002) ng dng thuyt hnh vi d nh gii thch hnh vi
s dng phng tin cng cng ca sinh vin trng i hc Victoria, Anh. Borith, L.,
Kasem, C. & Takashi, N. (2010) ng dng thuyt hnh vi d nh nghin cu cc
yu t tm l nh hng n nh s dng xe in trn cao th Phnom Phenh,
Campuchia. Chen, C.F. v Chao, W.H. (2010) s dng thuyt hnh vi d nh nghin
cu nh s dng h thng KMRT (Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit H thng vn
chuyn khi lng ln vi tc nhanh) thnh ph Kaohsiung, i Loan. Ngoi ra,
thuyt hnh vi d nh c p dng rt nhiu trong cc nghin cu v giao thng cng
nh quyt nh la chn phng tin di chuyn ca mi c nhn (Sebastian Bamberg &
Icek Ajzen 1995, Forward, 1998a; Forward 1998b; Pilling et al, 1998; Pilling et al, 1999,
trch trong Aoife A., 2001, tr. 76).
2.2.2 M hnh chp nhn cng ngh (TAM Technology Acceptance Model)
S xut hin ca tu in ngm Metro TP. HCM c th c xem l mt dch v giao
thng mang tnh cng ngh mi. Mt trong nhng cng c hu ch trong vic gii thch
nh chp nhn mt sn phm mi l m hnh chp nhn cng ngh TAM. Theo Legris v
cng s (2003, trch trong Teo, T., Su Luan, W., & Sing, C.C., 2008, tr. 266), m hnh
TAM d on thnh cng khong 40% vic s dng mt h thng mi. L thuyt TAM
c m hnh ha v trnh by Hnh 2.3.
Hnh 2.3 M hnh chp nhn cng ngh

Ngun: Davis, 1985, tr. 24, trch trong Chutter M.Y., 2009, tr. 2
Trong , Nhn thc s hu ch (PU Perceived Usefulness) l cp m c nhn tin
rng s dng mt h thng c th s nng cao kt qu thc hin ca h (Davis, 1985, trch
trong Chuttur, M.Y., 2009, tr. 5). Nhn thc tnh d s dng (PEU Perceived Ease of
Use) l cp m mt ngi tin rng s dng mt h thng c th s khng cn n lc
(Davis, 1985, trch trong Chuttur, M.Y., 2009, tr. 5).
Nhn thc s hu ch
Nhn thc tnh d
s dng
Thi hng ti
s dng
nh s dng
9
2.3 M hnh nghin cu xut
Trn c s nn tng hai hc thuyt c ngha trong vic gii thch nh ca mi c nhn,
phn ny trnh by m hnh l thuyt p dng cho nghin cu, bao gm bin ph thuc l
nh s dng Metro v cc bin c lp nh hng n nh ny.
2.3.1 M hnh kt hp TPB v TAM
Do Metro l mt sn phm giao thng mi TP. HCM nn nghin cu xut m hnh
kt hp gia TPB v TAM l ph hp gii thch cc yu t nh hng n nh s
dng Metro. M hnh ny c kim chng thc t trong nghin cu ca Chen, C.F. v
Chao, W.H. (2010) v nh s dng h thng KMRT thnh ph Kaohsiung, i Loan
v c trnh by Hnh 2.4.
Hnh 2.4 M hnh kt hp TPB v TAM ca Chen, C.F. & Chao, W.H. (2010)

Ngun: Chen, C.F. v Chao, W.H, 2010, tr. 4
Tuy nhin, da trn cc nghin cu thc nghim sau khi m hnh TAM u tin c cng
b, cu trc Thi c loi b ra khi m hnh TAM nguyn thy v n khng lm
trung gian y cho s tc ng ca Nhn thc s hu ch ln nh hnh vi (Venkatesh,
1999, trch trong Jyoti D.M., 2009, tr. 393). ng thi, trong nghin cu v nh s dng
mt h thng mi, Davis, Bagozzi v Warshaw (1989, trch trong Chutter, M.Y, 2007, tr.
10) chng minh rng PU v PEU c nh hng trc tip n nh s dng. Trn c s
, nghin cu ch xem xt tc ng trc tip ca PU v PEU ln nh hnh vi. ng
thi, yu t Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi c bao hm n yu t d s dng, v th
nghin cu khng xt n yu t PEU trong m hnh. M hnh kt hp TPB TAM c
xut v trnh by Hnh 2.5.

Thi
Chun ch quan nh hnh vi
Nhn thc s
hu ch
Nhn thc tnh d
s dng
Nhn thc kim sot
hnh vi
10
Hnh 2.5 M hnh kt hp TPB v TAM ca nghin cu

Ngun: xut ca tc gi
2.3.2 M hnh kt hp TPB, TAM v cc yu t khc
Bn cnh cc yu t Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi v
Chun ch quan, nghin cu cn xem xt n cc yu t khc c kh nng nh hng n
nh s dng. l cc yu t S hp dn ca sn phm thay th, Nhn thc v mi
trng v cc yu t v nhn khu hc. Cc yu t trn c xut trn c s ph hp
vi thc tin Vit Nam v da trn cc nghin cu trc .
2.3.2.1 S hp dn ca sn phm thay th
Metro trong tng lai s l mt phng tin b sung vo h thng giao thng cng cng
TP. HCM. Thc t cho thy, t l s dng PTCC TP. HCM rt thp, ch chim khong
5%
17
, phn ln l PTCN. PTCN em li cho ngi dn thnh ph rt nhiu li ch nh s
t do, tin li, linh hot v.v...(Steg, 2005, trch trong Mehbub Anwar, A.H.M., 2009, tr.
71). Chnh nhng li ch ny s cn tr nh chuyn sang s dng PTCC ni chung v
Metro ni ring ca mi c nhn. Theo kinh t hc vi m, y chnh l ro cn chuyn
i (switching barriers). Jones v cng s (2000, trch trong Julander, C.R. & Soderlund,
M., 2003, tr. 4) nh ngha ro cn chuyn i l chi ph kinh t, x hi, tm l lm cho
khch hng kh thay i nh cung cp. Ro cn chuyn i c chia lm 3 loi, gm c
(1) s hp dn ca sn phm thay th, (2) mi quan h gia c nhn v (3) nhn thc chi
ph chuyn i. Trong , s hp dn ca sn phm thay th c hiu l danh ting,
thng hiu v cht lng dch v ca cc sn phm thay th hin c trn th trng. Mi
quan h c nhn l sc mnh ca mi quan h c nhn c pht trin gia khch hng v
nh cung cp dch v. V nhn thc chi ph chuyn i l vic mt c nhn tin tng rng
khi chuyn i nh cung cp th s tn ti mt chi ph cho h. Chi ph chuyn i y c

17
MVA Asia Limited (2009), D n Tuyn vn ti th khi lng ln s 2
Nhn thc s hu ch
ch
Chun ch quan
Nhn thc kim sot
hnh vi
nh hnh vi
11
th l thi gian, tin bc, n lc v bt k chi ph tm l kt hp vi qu trnh thay i nh
cung cp hay loi hnh dch v.
Trong gii hn ca ti, tc gi ch nghin cu S hp dn ca PTCN m b qua cc
PTCC khc nh xe but, taxi, v.vv t l s dng PTCC qu thp. Ngoi ra, trong nghin
cu v D n tuyn vn ti th khi ln s 2, ban t vn cho rng trong tng lai xe
but kh c th cnh tranh vi Metro do nn quy hoch xe but l phng tin gom
khch ti cc nh ga Metro (MVA Asia Limited, 2009, tr. 3-13). V th, i vi yu t S
hp dn ca sn phm thay th, nghin cu ch cp n PTCN.
2.3.2.2 Nhn thc v mi trng
Steg v Vlek (1997, trch trong Heath, Y. & Gifford, R., 2002, tr. 2159) nghin cu mi
quan h gia nhn thc v cc tc hi do xe hi gy ra v vic s dng xe hi ca ngi
dn H Lan. Kt qu kho st cho thy ch phng tin xe hi vi nhn thc cao hn th
s dng xe hi t thng xuyn hn. Trong nghin cu v cc yu t nh hng n hnh
vi chn la phng tin di chuyn Thy in, Garvill (1991, trch trong Heath, Y. &
Gifford, R., 2002, tr. 2159) cho thy yu t Nhn thc v mi trng v cc vn do xe
hi gy ra c nh hng n nh gim s dng xe hi ca ngi dn. V th, nghin
cu xut yu t Nhn thc v mi trng vo m hnh nghin cu.
2.3.2.3 Cc yu t v nhn khu hc
Zhao, F. v cng s (2002, tr. 16) cho rng cc nhn t v nhn khu hc c nh hng
n quyt nh la chn phng tin di chuyn ca mi c nhn. Liu (1993); Kain & Liu
(1995); Gomez-Ibanez (1996) (trch trong Brian, D.T. & Camille, N.Y.F, 2003, tr. 8)
chng minh cc yu t nhn khu hc, gm thu nhp, vic s hu phng tin c nhn, a
im vn phngtc ng rt ln n quyt nh la chn phng tin. V th, nghin
cu xut a cc yu t v nhn khu hc vo kim nh s khc bit i vi nh
s dng. M hnh nghin cu xut c minh ha Hnh 2.6.

12
Hnh 2.6 M hnh nghin cu xut

Ngun: xut ca tc gi
2.4 Phn tch tng nhn t trong m hnh xut
Trn c s m hnh nghin cu c xut Hnh 2.6, nghin cu tin hnh xy dng
cc thang o cho tng nhm nhn t nh hng.
2.4.1 Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro
Nghin cu ca Beirao v Cabral (2007, tr. 478, trch trong Mehbub Anwar, A.H.M.,
2009, tr. 73) a ra cc u im phng tin cng cng, bao gm (1) chi ph thp, (2)
khng phi tm bi xe, (3) khng chu cng thng li xe, (4) an ton, (5) gim n tc
giao thng, (6) gim nhim mi trng v (7) gim tai nn giao thng. Trong nghin cu
v nh s dng Metro thnh ph Kaohsiung, i Loan, Chen, C.F. & Chao, W.H.
(2010, tr. 4) a ra 5 thuc tnh o lng li ch ca Metro, c th l (1) chi ph thp
hn, (2) s dng thi gian hiu qu hn, (3) gim thi gian i li, (4) tin li v (5) hu
ch.
Da trn m hnh TPB, Aoife, A. (2001, tr. 348) o lng nim tin ca ngi dn i vi
h thng MRT Lucas
18
sp a vo s dng bng cc yu t (1) tit kim thi gian, (2)
tng tnh thun tin, (3) tit kim chi ph, (4) gim ri ro gp tai nn giao thng, (5) bo v
mi trng, (6) an ton v (7) gim kt xe.

18
Lucas l h thng xe in nh (light rail) thnh ph Dublin, Anh.
S hp dn ca PTCN
Chun ch quan

Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi
nh s dng h thng
tu in ngm Metro
Nhn thc v mi trng

Nhn thc s hu ch
ca Metro
Yu t v nhn khu hc
13
T cc nghin cu trc, tc gi xy dng cc thang o cho bin Nhn thc s hu ch ca
Metro (PU) v c tng hp Bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1 Thang o Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro
M Thang o Thang o gc Tc gi
A1 Ti ngh s dng Metro thun
tin
For me, taking the KMRT to commute
next time would overall be comfortable
Chen, C.F. & Chao,
W.H., 2010
A2 Ti ngh s dng Metro an
ton
I believe that using Lucas will help to
increase my sense of personal safety on
my trip to work
next time would overall be safe
Aoife, A., 2001

Chen, C.F. & Chao,
W.H., 2010
A3 Ti ngh s dng Metro thoi
mi
I believe that using Lucas will increase
my comfort on my trip to work
next time would overall be pleasant
Aoife, A., 2001

Chen, C.F. & Chao,
W.H., 2010
A4 Ti ngh chi ph s dng
Metro thp
I believe that using Lucas will save me
money on my trip to work
next time would overall be cheap
Aoife A., 2001

Chen, C.F. & Chao,
W.H., 2010
A5 Ti ngh s dng Metro tit
kim thi gian
I believe that using Lucas will save me
time on my trip to work
next time would overall be fast
Aoife, A., 2001

Chen, C.F., & Chao,
W.H., 2010
A6 Ti ngh s dng Metro gip
ti t ch v mt thi gian
If I were to take the bus to school, I can
have a good control over my time
Heath, Y., & Gifford,
R., 2002
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi
2.4.2 S hp dn ca PTCN
Cc u im ca PTCN chnh l ro cn nh hng n nh s dng Metro ca ngi
dn. Beirao v Cabral (2007, trch trong Mehbub Anwar, A.H.M., 2009, tr. 73) a ra cc
u im ca PTCN nh (1) T do/ khng ph thuc (Freedom/ Independence), (2) C th
i n bt k ni no (Ability to go where I want), (3) Thun tin (Convenience), (4)
Nhanh chng (Rapidity), (5) Linh hot (Flexibility) v (6) T ch (Know what I can
expect). Ngoi ra, Chen, C.F., v Chao, W.H. (2010) cn nghin cu mc nh hng
ca yu t Thi quen s dng PTCN i vi nh s dng PTCC thnh ph
14
Kaohsiung, i Loan mt thnh ph c t l s dng xe my chim 65% v xe hi chim
19% (Chen, C.F., & Chao, W.H., 2010, tr. 2). Nhn thy TP. HCM cng l mt thnh ph
c t l s dng PTCN cao nh Kaohsiung, nghin cu xut a yu t Thi quen vo
m hnh. S tc ng ca hnh ng thng xuyn trong qu kh (thi quen) i vi
nh v hnh vi trong tng lai c chng minh v kim nghim trong nhiu nghin
cu (Azjen, 1991; Bagozzi, 1981; Bentler & Speckart, 1979; Fredricks & Dossett, 1983,
trch trong Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I. & Schmidt, P., 2003, tr. 5). Ngoi ra, gi v v s thay
i gi v l nhng yu t quan trng nh hng n quyt nh s dng phng tin lu
thng ca ngi dn (Balcombe, R.; Mackett, R., et al., 2004, tr. 15). Da trn cc nghin
cu trn, thang o cho S hp dn ca PTCN c trnh by Bng 2.2.
Bng 2.2 Thang o S hp dn ca PTCN
B1 Ti ngh s dng PTCN thun
tin hn Metro
Convenience Beirao v Cabral, 2007,
trch trong Mehbub
Anwar, A.H.M., 2009
B2 PTCN gip ti i n bt k
ni no ti mun trong khu
vc TP. HCM
Ability to go where I want
Freedom/ Independence

Beirao v Cabral, 2007,
trch trong Mehbub
Anwar, A.H.M., 2009
B3 Ti ngh di chuyn bng
PTCN nhanh hn Metro
Rapidity Beirao v Cabral, 2007,
trch trong Mehbub
Anwar, A.H.M., 2009
B4 Ti ngh di chuyn bng
PTCN gip ti t ch v mt
thi gian hn so vi Metro
Know what I can expect Beirao v Cabral, 2007,
trch trong Mehbub
Anwar, A.H.M., 2009
B5 Ti ngh chi ph s dng
PTCN thp hn Metro
Cheap fare Balcombe, R.; Mackett,
R., et al., 2004
B6 Ti quen vi vic s dng
PTCN hng ngy
Chen, C.F., & Chao,
W.H., 2010
2.4.3 Chun ch quan (SN)
Chen., C.F. v Chao, W.H. (2010) o lng mc nh hng ca 3 nhm i tng i
vi nh s dng xe in trong tng lai ca ngi dn Kaohsiung. l kin ca
nhng ngi quan trng ca c nhn c kho st, kin cng ng v cc chnh sch
khuyn khch ca chnh quyn thnh ph. Trong nhm kin ca cng ng, tc gi c
15
xut thm nh hng ca c quan, trng hc. Thang o cho nhm yu t Chun ch quan
c trnh by trong Bng 2.3.
Bng 2.3 Thang o Chun ch quan
C1 Gia nh khuyn ti nn s
dng Metro v n c nh
hng n s la chn ca ti
My friends or my family think that I
should use future urban rail transit
Borith, L., Kasem, C.
& Takashi, N., 2010
C2 Bn b khuyn ti nn s
dng Metro v n c nh
My friends or my family think that I
should use future urban rail transit
& Takashi, N., 2010
C3 C quan/ trng hc khuyn
ti nn s dng Metro v n
c nh hng n s la chn
ca ti
xut ca tc gi
C4 Chnh quyn thnh ph c cc
bin php khuyn khch s
dng Metro v n c nh
Government policy will influence my
choice of taking the KMRT
Chen, C.F., & Chao,
W.H., 2010

2.4.4 Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi (PBC)
Chen, C.F. v Chao, W.H. (2010) o lng nhn thc ch quan ca mi c nhn i vi
vic s dng Metro l d dng hay kh khn v hnh ng c b kim sot v hn ch
hay khng. Thang o xut ny c tng hp v trnh by trong Bng 2.4.
Bng 2.4 Thang o Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi
D1 i vi ti, vic s dng
Metro l d dng
For me to take the KMRT to commute
is easy
It is easy for me to use future urban rail
transit
Chen, C.F., & Chao,
W.H., 2010
& Takashi, N., 2010
D2 Vic s dng Metro hon ton
do ti quyt nh
My freedom to take the KMRT to
commute is high
Whether I use future urban rail transit
is completely up to me
Chen, C.F., & Chao,
W.H., 2010
& Takashi, N., 2010
16
2.4.5 Nhn thc v mi trng (EA)
Heath, Y. v Gifford, R. (2002, tr. 2188) nghin cu nh hng ca Nhn thc mi trng
i vi nh s dng PTCC ca sinh vin trng i hc Victoria. S lng xe my lu
thng dy c cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin con s tai nn giao thng ngy
cng tng cao. V th, tc gi xut yu t ny vo thang o Nhn thc v mi trng.
Bng 2.5 Thang o Nhn thc v mi trng
E1 S dng xe my nhiu lm
tng nhim mi trng
TP. HCM
Car use causes serious air pollution in
the world
I believe that using Lucas on my trip to
work will help to conserve the
environment
R., 2002
Aoife, A., 2001

tng tai nn giao thng TP.
HCM
xut ca tc gi
tng tc nghn giao thng
TP. HCM
I believe that using Lucas will reduce
the traffic on the roads on my trip to
work
Many neighborhoods in Victoria are
unsafe because there is too much traffic
Aoife A., 2001

R., 2002
Ngun: Tng hp v xut ca tc gi
2.4.6 nh s dng Metro
Chen, C.F. & Chao, W.H (2010); Borith, L., Kasem, C. & Takashi, N., (2010) o lng
nh s dng bng nhiu cu nhn nh nhm khng nh tnh nht qun v tin cy ca
bin ph thuc ny.
Bng 2.6 Thang o nh s dng Metro
F1 Ti c nh s dng Metro I intend to use Lucas to travel to work
when it opens
I plan to use future urban rail transit

Aoife A., 2001

& Takashi, N., 2010
F2 Ti c nh s dng Metro
thng xuyn
My intention to switch from
motorcycle (or car) to the KMRT when
commuting next time is strong
Chen, C.F., & Chao,
W.H., 2010

17
F3 Ti c nh khuyn gia
nh/ bn b s dng Metro
xut ca tc gi
Ngun: Tng hp v xut ca tc gi
2.5 Cc gi thuyt ca m hnh nghin cu xut
Trn c s 5 nhm nhn t nh hng n nh s dng vi 21 yu t i din v m
hnh nghin cu xut nh Hnh 2.6, c 5 gi thuyt tng ng c a ra nh hnh 2.7.
C s a ra cc gi thuyt trn da trn kt qu nghin cu ca Chen, C. F. & Chao,
W. H., (2010, trang 10) v nh s dng h thng KMRT i Loan.

Tm li, Chng 2 tng hp cc nghin cu trc cho thy nh l yu t quan trng
dn n hnh vi ca mi c nhn. M hnh nghin cu c xy dng da trn hai m hnh
ch o l Thuyt hnh vi d nh v M hnh chp nhn cng ngh, ng thi kt hp
vi cc yu t khc ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam. C 5 nhn t c hnh thnh t c
s l thuyt, l Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, S hp dn ca PTCN, Nhn thc
kim sot hnh vi, Chun ch quan v Nhn thc v mi trng.
M hnh nghin cu c mt bin ph thuc l nh s dng Metro. Trong 5 gi thuyt
c a ra, ch c gi thuyt v mi quan h gia S hp dn ca PTCN l nghch bin
vi nh s dng, cn 4 gi thuyt cn li u l quan h ng bin.

18
Hnh 2.7 Cc gi thuyt nghin cu
Gi thuyt H
1
: S hu ch ca Metro tc ng ng bin n nh s dng Metro

Gi thuyt H
2
: S hp dn ca PTCN tc ng nghch bin n nh s dng Metro

Gi thuyt H
3
: Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi tc ng ng bin n nh s dng Metro

Gi thuyt H
4
: nh hng ca x hi tc ng ng bin n nh s dng Metro

Gi thuyt H
5
: Nhn thc v mi trng tc ng ng bin n nh s dng Metro

Gi thuyt H
6
: Cc yu t v nhn khu hc to nn s khc bit i vi nh s dng Metro

Ngun: xut ca tc gi
Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro
Tnh thun tin
Tnh an ton
S thoi mi
Tit kim chi ph
Tit kim thi gian
T ch v mt thi gian

nh s dng h thng tu
in ngm Metro

H
1
+
S hp dn ca PTCN
PTCN thun tin hn Metro
PTCN c th i n bt k ni no trong TP. HCM
Chi ph s dng PTCN thp hn Metro
S dng PTCN tit kim thi gian hn so vi Metro
S dng PTCN t ch v mt thi gian hn so vi
Metro
quen vi vic s dng PTCN hng ngy

nh s dng h thng tu
in ngm Metro

nh s dng h thng tu
in ngm Metro

H
2
-
H
4
+
Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi
Tnh d s dng
Vic s dng Metro do ti quyt nh

nh s dng h thng tu
in ngm Metro

H
3
+
Chun ch quan
nh hng ca gia nh
nh hng ca bn b
nh hng ca c quan/ trng hc
nh hng ca chnh sch khuyn khch ca chnh
quyn thnh ph

Nhn thc v mi trng
Gim nhim mi trng
Gim tai nn giao thng
Gim tc nghn giao thng

H
5
+
nh s dng h thng tu
in ngm Metro

Cc yu t v nhn khu hc

nh s dng h thng tu
in ngm Metro

19
Chng 3
PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Chng 3 trnh by phng php nghin cu ca ti bao gm thit k nghin cu, xy
dng thang o v bng hi iu tra kho st, thu thp d liu, s lng mu; khi qut v
phn tch nhn t v cc bc phn tch d liu.
3.1 Thit k nghin cu
Quy trnh nghin cu cho ti c trnh by Hnh 3.1.
Hnh 3.1 Quy trnh nghin cu

Ngun: Cao Ho Thi, 2006, trch trong Chu Ng Anh Nhn, 2011, tr. 18
3.2 Xy dng thang o v bng hi iu tra
3.2.1 Xy dng thang o
Cc thang o c xy dng v pht trin t c s l thuyt v m hnh nghin cu. Cc
thang o ny c dch sang ting Vit t nhng thang o c s dng trong cc
nghin cu c cng b trc . V vy, trc khi hnh thnh thang o chnh thc cho
mc tiu nghin cu, cc cuc phng vn su c thc hin nhm khng nh cc i
Vn nghin cu
C s l thuyt v nghin cu trc
Nghin cu s b
iu tra s b
iu chnh bng cu hi s b
Kho st iu tra
Kim nh php o, Cronbachs Alpha
Phn tch nhn t (EFA)
Kim nh m hnh
Kt lun
Bng hi kho st s b
Bng hi kho st chnh thc
Phn tch tin cy
Phn tch hi quy a bin
20
tng c phng vn hiu r c ni dung cc khi nim v ngha ca t ng. Thang
o c s dng trong nghin cu l thang o Likert vi 5 mc ph bin nh sau : rt
ng , ng , bnh thng, khng ng v rt khng ng .Vic s dng thang o ny
trong nghin cu kinh t x hi v cc vn trong kinh t x hi u mang tnh a kha
cnh.
3.2.2 Bng hi iu tra
Bng hi iu tra c thc hin qua 2 bc. u tin, da trn c s l thuyt v nhu cu
cn nghin cu, bng hi s b c hnh thnh. Trong qu trnh kho st s b, tc gi c
tng hp v c kt nhng kin ng gp ca nhng ngi c kho st. H l nhng
ngi c hiu bit v Metro hoc tng s dng Metro nc ngoi. ng thi, tc gi
phng vn hai chuyn vin v nghin cu th trng, Ch H Th Hng Giang v Triu
Vit H (nhn vin cng ty AC Nielsen, TP. HCM) v li l, r rng v b cc ca bng
cu hi. Bng hi s b v ton b kin ng gp c trnh by Ph lc 2 v 3.
Trn c s iu chnh bng hi s b, bng hi chnh thc c hnh thnh v trnh by
Ph lc 4.
3.3 Phng php ly mu v thu thp s liu
Tng th nghin cu: Tng th nghin cu l nhng ngi c hiu bit v Metro hoc
tng s dng Metro nc ngoi.
Kch thc mu: Quy nh v s mu theo Bollen (1989, trch trong Chu Ng Anh
Nhn, 2011, tr. 19) l t l mu trn bin quan st phi m bo ti thiu l 5:1. Theo
quy nh ca Bollen, nghin cu c 21 bin th s mu ti thiu phi l 105.
Cch ly mu: Nghin cu c thc hin theo phng php pht bng cu hi trc
tip v gi qua email. Vic pht bng cu hi trc tip c thc hin ti mt s cng ty
(dnh cho i tng nhn vin vn phng), Nh vn ha thanh nin v mt s trng
i hc nh Bch Khoa, Kinh t, S phm K thut Ngoi ra, c i tng l
ngi i xe but, nghin cu cn c thc hin ti trm iu hnh xe but Bn Thnh,
Qun 1. ng thi, bng cu hi c thit k trn trang web Google docs ti a ch
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?formkey=dFJZ2FxWWNuSjVDT3RDR
HdRcTVBN0E6MQ v c nh km trong email gi cho tng i tng kho st.
21
3.4 Thng tin v mu
C 150 mu kho st v 150 email c gi i. Trong qu trnh kho st, c 63 ngi cha
bit v Metro, mt s kho st c kt qu c tr li ging nhau t u n cui, hoc b
trng nhiu cu hi. Tt c cc mu kho st trn u b loi b trc khi a vo SPSS.
Trong 300 mu c gi i, c 225 phiu hp l, chim t l 75%. Ton b mu hp l s
c x l d liu bng phn mm SPSS 16.0 tin hnh cc bc phn tch tng quan,
phn tch tin cy, phn tch nhn t, phn tch hi quy v kim nh gi thuyt.
Tm li, chng 3 trnh by phng php nghin cu ca ti. Theo , bng cu hi
s b c xy dng t c s l thuyt v c iu chnh thng qua kho st s b. Vic
kho st chnh thc c thc hin bng phng php pht bng cu hi trc tip v gi
qua email. D liu thu thp s c phn tch bng phn mm SPSS theo quy trnh, bt u
t phn tch tin cy v phn tch nhn t rt ra cc nhn t ph hp cho phn tch hi
quy. Sau khi thc hin cc kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp ca
m hnh tng th, kt qu phn tch hi quy s tr li cho cu hi nghin cu ca ti
Cc yu t no nh hng n nh s dng Metro ca ngi dn TP. HCM v mc
nh hng ca cc yu t ny nh th no?

22
Chng 4
PHN TCH D LIU
T kt qu ca d liu c thu thp nh thit k Chng 3, Chng 4 s ln lt thc
hin cc phn tch, gm c phn tch tng quan, phn tch tin cy, phn tch nhn t,
phn tch m hnh hi quy v cui cng l kim nh cc gi thuyt ca m hnh nghin
cu c trnh by Hnh 2.7.
4.1 Phn tch thng k m t
Phn tch thng k m t ca tp hp d liu kho st c trnh by chi tit cc Ph lc
5, Ph lc 6 v Ph lc 7.
4.1.1 Thng k m t v tn s v c trng ca c nhn c kho st
- Kt qu kho st v gii tnh: theo kt qu kho st, c 120 ngi tham gia l n chim
53,33%, 105 ngi tham gia l nam chim 46,67%.
- Kt qu kho st v tui: c 78 ngi c tui nh hn hoc bng 22 chim 34,66%,
103 ngi trong tui t 23 n 30 chim 45,78%, 30 ngi t tui 30 n 40
chim 13,34% v c 14 ngi trn 40 tui chim 6,22%.
- Kt qu kho st v tnh trng hn nhn: c 151 ngi cha c gia nh chim 67,11%,
21 ngi c gia nh v cha c con chim 9,33%, 53 ngi c gia nh v c con
chim 23,56%.
- Kt qu kho st v trnh hc vn: kt qu kho st cho thy c 24 ngi c trnh
hc vn bng hoc di ph thng chim 10,67%, 138 ngi c trnh cao ng/ i
hc chim 61,33%, v 63 ngi c trnh sau i hc chim 28,00%.
- Kt qu kho st v ngh nghip: c 77 ngi l i tng hc sinh sinh vin chim
34,22%, i tng nhn vin vn phng/ cng nhn c 86 ngi chim 38,22%, c 22
ngi l k s chim 9,78%, c 17 ngi l gio vin/ ging vin chim 7,56% v
nhm ngh nghip khc (gm bc s, chuyn gia, ni tr, ngh hu) c 23 ngi
chim 10,22%.
- Kt qu kho st v thu nhp: c 105 ngi c mc thu nhp di 5 triu ng/ thng
46,67%, c 68 ngi c mc thu nhp t 5-10 triu ng/ thng chim 30,22%, c 25
23
ngi c thu nhp t 10 n 15 triu ng/ thng chim 11,11%. Cn li l cc i
tng c thu nhp trn 15 triu ng/ thng, c 27 ngi chim 12%.
4.1.2 Thng k m t v tn s v c trng c lin quan n phng tin giao thng
- Kt qu kho st v mc hiu bit Metro: theo kt qu kho st, c 169 ngi ch
bit Metro qua bo, i, internet chim 75,11%, c 56 ngi tng s dng Metro
nc ngoi chim 24,89%. Trong , khi c hi quy hoch Metro c i qua l trnh
di chuyn hng ngy hay khng th c 89 ngi tr li l c chim 39,56%, c 111
ngi tr li l khng chim 49,33% v 25 ngi tr li khng bit chim 11,11%.
- Kt qu kho st v phng tin di chuyn: kt qu kho st v phng tin thng
xuyn s dng trong vng 6 thng tr li y cho thy, c 9 ngi s dng xe p
chim 4%, c 11 ngi s dng xe hi chim 4,89%, c 36 ngi thng xuyn s
dng xe but chim 16%, v 169 ngi s dng xe my chim 75,11%.
4.2 Phn tch tng quan
4.2.1 Tng quan gia cc bin c lp trong tng nhm yu t vi bin ph thuc
Qua kim nh Pearson gia cc bin c lp vi bin ph thuc Ph lc 8 cho thy gn
nh tt c cc yu t xut nghin cu u c tng quan cht ch vi nh s dng
vi mc ngha 1% v 5%. y l c s tin hnh bc phn tch nhn t tip theo.
4.2.2 Tng quan gia cc bin c lp trong cng nhm yu t
Phn tch tng quan gia cc bin c lp trong cng nhm nhn t c trnh by Ph
lc 8. Kim nh Pearson cho thy phn ln cc yu t trong cng nhm c tng quan
cht ch vi nhau mc ngha thng k 1% v 5% v cc h s tng quan ln hn 0,3.
Ring nhm Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, yu t A2 (Ti ngh s dng Metro an ton)
c tng quan thp (nh hn 0,3) vi 3 yu t A4 (Ti ngh gi v Metro r), A5 (Ti ngh
s dng Metro gip ti tit kim c thi gian) v A6 (Ti c th t ch v mt thi gian
khi s dng Metro) nn nghin cu xem xt loi b hay gi li nu kt qu phn tch nhn
t khng tt.
Tng t, nhm S hp dn ca PTCN c yu t B3 (Ti ngh di chuyn bng PTCN tit
kim thi gian hn Metro) c tng quan thp (nh hn 0,3) vi 3 yu t B1 (ti ngh s
dng PTCN thun tin hn Metro), B2 (PTCN gip ti i n bt k ni no ti mun
24
trong khu vc TP. HCM) v B5 (ti ngh chi ph s dng PTCN thp hn Metro) nn
nghin cu xut loi b hoc gi li nu kt qu phn tch nhn t khng tt.
4.3 Phn tch tin cy
Thang o c nh gi tin cy thng qua hai cng c l h s Cronbach Alpha v phn
tch nhn t. H s ca Cronbach l mt php kim nh thng k v mc cht ch m
cc mc hi trong thang o tng quan vi nhau (Hong Trng & Mng Ngc, 2005, tr.
251). H s Cronbachs Alpha c tnh theo cng thc = N* / [1 + *(N - 1)], trong
l h s tng quan trung bnh gia cc mc hi v N l s mc hi.
Theo quy c th mt tp hp cc mc hi dng o lng c nh gi l tt phi c
h s ln hn hoc bng 0,8. Tuy nhin, i vi trng hp khi nim ang o lng l
mi hoc mi i vi ngi tr li trong bi cnh nghin cu th h s Cronbachs Alpha
t 0,6 tr ln l php o m bo tin cy v chp nhn c (Nunnally, 1978; Peterson,
1994; Slater, 1995, trch trong Hong Trng & Mng Ngc, 2005, tr. 258).
Chi tit kt qu phn tch tin cy ca tng nhm nhn t c trnh by Ph lc 9.
Bng 4.1 cho thy h s Cronbachs Alpha ca tng nhm nhn t.
Bng 4.1 Phn tch tin cy Cronbachs Alpha
Nhm yu t Cronbachs Alpha
Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro 0,792
S hp dn ca PTCN 0,770
Chun ch quan 0,858
Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi 0,535
Nhn thc v mi trng 0,875
nh s dng Metro 0,798
Kt qu phn tch tin cy cho thy tt c cc nhm yu t u c h s Cronbachs
Alpha > 0,6 tr nhm Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi. V th, nghin cu xem xt loi b hay
gi li nu kt qu phn tch nhn t khng tt.
4.4 Phn tch nhn t
Phng php phn tch nhn t c tin hnh rt gn tp hp cc bin c lp thnh
mt tp nh hn l cc bin i din cho mi nhm nhn t m khng lm mt i ngha
gii thch v thng tin ca nhm nhn t (Hong Trng & Mng Ngc, 2005, tr. 260).
25
H s (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) KMO l mt ch s dng xem xt s thch hp ca
phn tch nhn t. Tr s KMO ln (gia 0,5 v 1) c ngha l phn tch nhn t thch hp,
cn nu nh tr s ny nh hn 0,5 th phn tch nhn t c kh nng khng thch hp vi
d liu. Phng php s dng l Principal component vi php quay nhn t l Varimax.
Vic phn tch nhn t s c tin hnh vi ton b cc bin quan st, sau s loi b
tng bin c h s truyn ti thp.
Ln 1 c 21 bin quan st c a vo phn tch theo tiu chun Eigenvalue ln hn 1 th
c 5 nhn t c rt ra. H s KMO = 0,811 ( > 0,5) c trnh by Ph lc 10.1. Tuy
nhin, bin quan st B3 v D2 b loi do c h s truyn ti qu thp.
Ln 2, loi b bin D2 c h s truyn ti thp hn B3. ng thi, h s Cronbach Alpha
ca nhm nhn t cha D2 nh 0,6. Kt qu phn tch nhn t ln 2 cho thy c 5 nhm
nhn t c rt ra. Tuy nhin bin A3, B3 v D1 c h s truyn ti nh hn 0,5 trong
bin D1 c h s truyn ti nh nht l 0,465 nn tc gi xem xt b bin D1 ra khi m
hnh phn tch nhn t ln 3.
Ln 3, 19 bin quan st c a vo phn tch (loi b bin D1), c 5 nhm nhn t c
rt ra. Tuy nhin, bin A3 c h s truyn ti nh hn 0,5 l 0,489 nn tc gi xem xt b
bin A3 ra khi m hnh phn tch nhn t ln 4.
Ln 4, kt qu phn tch nhn t sau khi loi b bin A3 cho thy bin A2 tuy c h s
truyn ti ln hn 0,5 nhng li ng mt mnh to thnh mt nhm nhn t. ng thi,
kt qu phn tch tng quan c trnh by Ph lc 8 cho thy A2 khng c tng quan
mnh vi cc bin khc cng nhm nhn t ban u nn ta loi b bin A2 ra khi m hnh
phn tch nhn t ln 5.
Ln 5, sau khi loi bin A2, kt qu phn tch nhn t cho thy bin B3 c h s truyn ti
nh hn 0,5 nn ta loi b bin B3 ra khi m hnh phn tch nhn t ln 6.
Ln 6, 16 bin cn li c a vo phn tch nhn t. Kt qu phn tch cho thy c 4
nhm nhn t c rt ra, trong cc h s truyn ti u ln hn 0,5.
Trong qu trnh phn tch nhn t ln 2 v ln 3, bin D2 v D1 ln lt b loi ra khi
phn tch nhn t, iu ny c th gii thch do h s Cronbach Alpha thp. Hai bin ny
khng ph hp cng nm chung mt nhm nhn t.
26
Trong qu trnh phn tch nhn t ln 4 v ln 5, bin A3 v A2 ln lt b loi ra khi m
hnh, iu ny c th gii thch rng ngi kho st u ng v tnh an ton v thoi mi
ca Metro. Tuy nhin, hai yu t ny khng tc ng n nh s dng ca h m ph
thuc vo cc yu t khc.
Cui cng l bin B3 b loi ra sau phn tch nhn t ln 6. iu ny c th gii thch rng
di chuyn bng PTCN khng tit kim thi gian hn so vi Metro.
Nghin cu xut kt qu phn tch nhn t ln th 6 cho phn tch hi quy. Kt qu
kim nh KMO v kt qu phn tch nhn t c trnh by ln lt Bng 4.2 v Bng
4.3.
Bng 4.2 Kt qu kim nh KMO v Bartlett
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
0,772
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1555,992
df 120
Sig. 0,000

Bng 4.2 cho thy kt qu kim nh KMO v Bartlett c tr s KMO = 0,772 (nm t 0,5
n 1) v gi thuyt H
0
b bc b vi mc ngha thng k 0% (sig. = 0,000). Nh vy,
cc iu kin ban u c p ng tin hnh phn tch nhn t.

27
Bng 4.3 Kt qu phn tch nhn t

Nhn
thc s
hu ch
ca
Metro
S hp
dn ca
PTCN
Chun
ch quan
Nhn
thc mi
trng
Ti ngh s dng Metro thun tin
0,622

Ti ngh gi v Metro l r
0,714

Ti ngh s dng Metro gip ti tit kim c
thi gian
0,820

Ti c th t ch v mt thi gian khi s dng
Metro
0,780

Ti ngh s dng PTCN thun tin hn Metro
0,725

PTCN gip ti i n bt k ni no ti mun
trong khu vc TP. HCM

0,682

Ti ngh di chuyn bng PTCN gip ti t ch
v mt thi gian hn so vi Metro

0,778

Ti ngh chi ph s dng PTCN thp hn Metro
0,709

Ti quen vi vic s dng PTCN hng ngy
0,705

Gia nh khuyn ti nn s dng Metro v n c
nh hng n s la chn ca ti

0,882

Bn b khuyn ti nn s dng Metro v n c
nh hng n s la chn ca ti

0,908

C quan/ trng hc khuyn ti s dng Metro
v n c nh hng n s la chn ca ti

0,883

Chnh quyn thnh ph c cc bin php khuyn
khch s dng Metro v n c nh hng n s
la chn ca ti

0,571

S dng Metro gip gim bt nhim mi
trng TP. HCM

0,858
S dng Metro gip gim bt tai nn giao thng
TP. HCM

0,891
S dng Metro gip gim bt tc nghn giao
thng TP. HCM

0,840
Eigenvalues 4,150 3,018 1,900 1,449
bin thin c gii thch
(Variance explained (%))
25,935 18,862 11,878 9,058
bin thin c gii thch tch ly
(Cumulative variance explained (%))
25,935 44,797 56,675 65,732
Phng php rt trch cc nhn t: Principal Axis Factoring
Phng php xoay cc nhn t: Promax with Kaiser Normalization
Trng s (factor loading) nh hn 0,5 b loi
28

4.5 M hnh iu chnh
M hnh nghin cu iu chnh sau khi phn tch nhn t c trnh by Hnh 4.1.
Hnh 4.1 M hnh nghin cu iu chnh

Ngun: xut ca tc gi
Cc gi thuyt ca m hnh nghin cu:
H
1
: Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro ng bin vi nh s dng Metro
H
2
: S hp dn ca PTCN nghch bin vi nh s dng Metro
H
3
: Chun ch quan tng quan ng bin ln nh s dng Metro
H
4
: Nhn thc v mi trng tng quan ng bin ln nh s dng Metro
4.6 Phn tch hi quy
Phn tch hi quy c thc hin vi 4 bin c lp bao gm (1) Nhn thc s hu ch ca
Metro (k hiu PU), (2) S hp dn ca PTCN (k hiu AA), (3) Chun ch quan (k hiu
SN), (4) Nhn thc v mi trng (k hiu EA) v 1 bin ph thuc l bin nh s
dng (k hiu IT). Bng 4.4 cho thy m hnh hi quy a ra tng i ph hp vi mc
ngha 1%. H s R
2
hiu chnh = 0,473 c ngha l m hnh c th gii thch c 47,3%
cho tng th v mi lin h gia cc yu t nh hng n nh s dng Metro. Kt qu
kim nh Durbin-Watson cho tr s 2,118, gn bng 2, chng t khng c tng quan
chui bc 1 trong m hnh (Hong Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc, 2008, tp 1, tr.233).
Bng 4.4 Bng nh gi ph hp ca m hnh theo R
2
v Durbin-Watson
Model R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate Durbin-Watson
1 0,695(a) 0,483 0,473 0,54419 2,118
H
1
+
nh s dng tu
in ngm Metro
Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro
S hp dn ca PTCN
Chun ch quan
Nhn thc v mi trng
H
2
-
H
3
+
H
4
+
29
a Bin c lp: (Constant), EA, AA, SN, PU
b Bin ph thuc: IT
Kim nh F s dng trong bng phn tch phng sai (ANOVA) l php kim nh gi
thuyt v ph hp ca m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh tng th. Trong Bng 4.5 kt qu
phn tch ANOVA, cho thy gi tr sig rt nh (sig = 0,000) nn m hnh hi quy ph hp
vi tp d liu v c th s dng c.
Bng 4.5 Kt qu kim nh ANOVA
Model
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 59,489 4 14,872 50,220 0,000(a)
Residual 63,671 215 0296
Total 123,160 219
a Bin c lp: (Constant), EA, AA, SN, PU
b Bin ph thuc: IT
Kt qu phn tch hi quy c trnh by Bng 4.6 cho thy hin tng a cng tuyn
khng c nh hng n kt qu gii thch ca m hnh vi cc h s phng i phng
sai VIF ca mi bin ln nht bng 1.345 (<10). Quy tc l khi VIF vt qu 10 th l
du hiu ca a cng tuyn (Hong Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc, 2008, tp 1, tr.
252).
Bng 4.6 Kt qu hi quy theo phng php Enter
Coefficients
a
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients

Model B Std.Error Beta t Sig.
1. (Constant) 0,975 0,346 2,822 0,005
PU 0,406 0,063 0,364 6,405 0,000
AA -0,201 0,056 -0,182 -3,570 0,000
SN 0,203 0,051 0,242 4,526 0,000
EA 0,280 0,059 0,263 4,766 0,000
a. Bin ph thuc: IT. Bin c lp PU, AA, SN, EA
Correlatations Collinearity Statistics
Model Zero-order Partial Part Tolerance VIF
1. (Constant)
PU 0,583 0,400 0,314 0,743 1,345
AA -0,234 -0,237 -0,175 0,925 1,081
30
SN 0,464 0,295 0,222 0,842 1,187
EA 0,442 0,309 0,234 0,792 1,262
T kt qu hi quy, nh s dng Metro c biu din qua cng thc sau y:
IT = 0,975 + 0,364*PU 0,182*AA + 0,242*SN + 0,263*EA
t=6,405 t=-3,570 t=4,526 t=4,766
p=0,000 p=0,000 p=0,000 p=0,000
Din gii kt qu
xc nh bin c lp no c vai tr quan trng hn i vi bin ph thuc, ta dng h
s tng quan ring tng phn (parital correlations). Kt qu hi quy cho thy Nhn thc
s hu ch ca Metro nh hng ln nht n nh s dng (Partial = 0,400), k n l
thnh phn Nhn thc v mi trng (Partial = 0,309), tip theo l thnh phn Chun ch
quan (Partial = 0,295) v cui cng l thnh phn S hp dn ca PTCN (Partial = -0,237).
4.7 Kim nh gi thuyt
Kt qu kim nh cc gi thuyt c trnh by Bng 4.7.
Bng 4.7 Kt qu kim nh cc gi thuyt
GI THUYT
KT QU
KIM NH
Gi thuyt H
1
: Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro cng cao th nh s dng
Metro cng cao
NG H
(p < 1%)
Gi thuyt H
2
: S hp dn ca PTCN cng cao th nh s dng Metro
cng gim
NG H
(p < 1%)
Gi thuyt H
3
: Chun ch quan ca mi c nhn cng cao th nh s
dng Metro cng cao
NG H
(p < 1%)
Gi thuyt H
4
: Nhn thc v mi trng ca Metro cng cao th nh s
dng Metro cng cao
NG H
(p < 1%)
4.8 Kim nh s khc bit ca cc bin nh tnh
Mc ch ca vic nghin cu nh tnh l tm s khc bit v nh s dng Metro gia
cc nhm, phn bit da trn cc yu t v nhn khu hc, bao gm gii tnh, tui, thu
nhp, trnh hc vn, tnh trng hn nhn.
i vi kim nh s khc bit gia 2 nhm gii tnh, nghin cu s dng php kim nh
gi thuyt v tr trung bnh ca 2 tng th. Cn cc yu t cn li l tui, thu nhp, trnh
hc vn v tnh trng hn nhn c t 3 nhm mu tr ln th p dng phng php phn
tch phng sai ANOVA. Phng php ny ph hp v n kim nh tt c cc nhm mu
31
cng mt lc vi kh nng phm sai lm ch 5% (Hong Trng & Mng Ngc, 2005, tr.
115 & 123). Kt qu chi tit ca kim nh c trnh by Ph lc 12.
4.8.1 Kim nh nh s dng gia phi nam v n
Kim nh Levene test c tin hnh vi gi thuyt H
0
rng phng sai ca 2 tng th
bng nhau. Kt qu kim nh cho gi tr sig. = 0,769 > 0,05 cho thy phng sai gia 2
gii tnh khng khc nhau. V th, trong kt qu kim nh Independent Samples Test, tc
gi s dng kt qu Equal variance assumed c sig. > 0,05 (sig = 0,102 ). Do , khng c
s khc bit gia phi nam v phi n i vi nh s dng Metro.
4.8.2 Kim nh nh s dng gia nhng ngi c tui khc nhau
Theo kt qu Test of Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0,493 > 0,05 c th
ni phng sai nh gi v nh s dng Metro gia cc tui khng khc nhau mt
cch c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c.
Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA, vi mc ngha sig = 0,370 > 0,05 nn c th kt lun
khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v nh s dng Metro gia cc tui.
4.8.3 Kim nh nh s dng gia nhng ngi c tnh trng hn nhn khc nhau
Theo kt qu Test of Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0,548 c th ni
phng sai nh gi v nh s dng Metro gia cc nhm c tnh trng hn nhn khc
nhau l khng khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch
ANOVA c th s dng c.
khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v nh s dng Metro gia cc nhm c tnh
trng hn nhn khc nhau.
4.8.4 Kim nh nh s dng gia nhng ngi c trnh hc vn khc nhau
ni phng sai nh gi v nh s dng Metro gia nhng ngi c trnh hc vn
khng khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch ANOVA c
th s dng c.
khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v nh s dng Metro gia ngi c trnh
hc vn khc nhau.
32

4.8.5 Kim nh nh s dng gia nhng ngi c thu nhp khc nhau
ni phng sai nh gi v nh s dng Metro gia cc mc thu nhp khng khc nhau
mt cch c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c.
khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v nh s dng Metro gia nhng ngi c
thu nhp khc nhau.
4.9 Mc nh hng ca tng nhm nhn t n nh s dng Metro
T kt qu trn, mc nh hng ca tng nhm nhn t i vi nh s dng Metro,
t cao n thp nh sau: Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, Nhn thc v mi trng,
Chun ch quan, v S hp dn ca PTCN. Mc quan trng ca cc yu t trong tng
nhm nhn t c nh gi thng qua trng s (factor loading) ca tng yu t trong kt
qu phn tch nhn t, trng s cng ln th vai tr ca yu t trong nhm cng quan trng.
Theo , mt s yu t tiu biu c mc quan trng nht trong tng nhm l Tit kim
v mt thi gian (0,820) i vi nhm Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, T ch v mt thi
gian (0,778) i vi nhm S hp dn ca PTCN, nh hng ca bn b (0,908) i vi
nhm Chun ch quan v Gim bt tai nn giao thng (0,891) i vi nhm Nhn thc v
mi trng.
Tm li, Chng ny thng k m t nhng ngi c kho st, cc bin c lp v
bin ph thuc. Tip theo, nghin cu tin hnh phn tch tng quan v tin cy
trc khi phn tch nhn t. Kt qu phn tch nhn t loi b mt s bin khng ph
hp v rt ra c 4 nhn t c nh hng n nh s dng Metro, theo th t t mnh
n yu dn, l Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, Nhn thc v mi trng, Chun ch
quan v S hp dn ca PTCN. Ngoi ra, kt qu kim nh khng c s khc bit gia
phi nam v phi n, gia nhng ngi c tui, thu nhp, tnh trng hn nhn v trnh
hc vn i vi nh s dng Metro.

33
Chng 5
KT LUN V KIN NGH

T kt qu phn tch ca Chng 4, Chng 5 s trnh by kt lun, ng thi a ra cc
kin ngh, hn ch v cc hng nghin cu ca ti.
5.1 Kt lun v ng gp ca ti
5.1.1 Kt lun
M hnh nghin cu xut 5 nhn t nh hng n nh s dng Metro bao gm:
Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, S hp dn ca PTCN, Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi,
Chun ch quan v Nhn thc v mi trng vi 21 bin quan st.
Sau khi nh gi tin cy ca thang o v phn tch nhn t, nhn t Nhn thc kim
sot hnh vi b loi do tin cy thp (h s Cronbach Alpha < 0,6) v h s truyn ti nh
hn 0,5. Ngoi ra, cc bin A2 (Ti ngh s dng Metro an ton), A3 (Ti ngh s dng
Metro thoi mi) v B3 (Ti ngh di chuyn bng PTCN tit kim thi gian hn Metro) b
loi do c h s truyn ti nh hn 0,5.
Kt qu phn tch hi quy a bin xc nh nh s dng Metro nh hng bi 4 nhn
t, xp theo th t t mnh nht n yu dn, l Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, Nhn
thc v mi trng, Chun ch quan v S hp dn ca PTCN. Ngoi ra, kt qu kim
nh cho thy cc yu t v nhn khu hc, bao gm gii tnh, tui, tnh trng hn nhn,
trnh hc vn v thu nhp, khng to ra s khc bit trong nh s dng Metro gia
cc nhm i tng khc nhau.
5.1.2 ng gp ca ti
Phng php nghin cu ca ti l s dng l thuyt t cc nghin cu trc trn th
gii v vai tr ca nh i vi hnh vi v cc yu t nh hng n nh. ng gp
ca ti l kt hp vi l thuyt t cc nghin cu trc, nghin cu xy dng m
hnh v kim nh thc tin m hnh TP. HCM. Thng qua phng php phn tch nhn
t, nghin cu hnh thnh 4 nhm nhn t c nh hng n nh s dng Metro ca
ngi dn TP. HCM; l Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, S hp dn ca PTCN, Chun
ch quan v Nhn thc v mi trng.
34
5.2 Kin ngh chnh sch
Da vo kt qu nghin cu, mt s gii php kin ngh nhm nng cao nh s dng h
thng tu in ngm Metro ca ngi dn TP. HCM.
Th nht, i vi nhn t Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, kt qu nghin cu cho thy
yu t v mt thi gian tit kim thi gian v t ch v mt thi gian c mc nh
hng cao nht. V th, kin ngh xut i vi Ban qun l ng st th l cn ch
trng n yu t thi gian ca ngi s dng Metro. Quy hoch ti cc nh ga cn phi
c thng thong v hp l, trnh tnh trng ch i, n tc khi ln xung phng tin.
Ngoi ra, cn thng xuyn thng tin, cp nht v l trnh, thi gian di chuyn ca tng
tuyn Metro trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng nhm gip ngi dn c th kim
sot v t ch v mt thi gian khi s dng Metro.
Nghin cu cho thy yu t gi v cng c mc quan trng i vi nh s dng
Metro ca ngi dn. Cn xy dng mt c ch gi hp l, da trn cc nghin cu v
mc sn lng chi tr ca ngi dn c th va b p cho chi ph hot ng, va thu ht
c nhiu ngi s dng Metro.
V mt thun tin, kt qu kho st Ph lc 6 cho thy 49,33% ngi c kho st tr
li rng quy hoch Metro khng i qua l trnh di chuyn hng ngy. Nhn thy Metro
trong tng lai s khng p ng ht phn ln nhu cu i li ca ngi dn, v th gii
php v kh nng trung chuyn gia cc phng tin hin c l cn thit. Quy hoch giao
thng cng cng nn xut c cu li cc tuyn xe but gom khch ti cc trm Metro
nhm tng tnh thun tin cho nhng ngi c l trnh di chuyn khng ph hp vi Metro.
Ngoi ra, cn xy dng bi cho PTCN mt s trm chnh hoc cc trm bt u i vo
khu vc trung tm. Nh vy, s gim c tnh trng n tc giao thng khu vc trung
tm. Gii php Park and ride ( v i) ny kh ph bin cc nc pht trin v PTCC
(Morley, C., 2011, tr. 45).
Ngoi ra tng tnh thun tin, nghin cu xut xem xt n s dng v in t cho
Metro thay v v giy cho xe but nh hin nay. Quan st ca tc gi khi s dng Metro
Singapore cho thy, th i Metro c tch hp nhiu tnh nng, va thanh ton khi mua
hng, va i xe but. u im ca th in t ny va gip trnh tht thot tin v,
thun tin s dng v tng hp c cc thng tin v l trnh di chuyn, thi gian di
35
chuyn ca ngi s dng. Ngun thng tin ny s rt cn thit cho nhng nghin cu v
xu hng v nhu cu s dng Metro ca ngi dn trong tng lai. Cui cng, cn tnh
n vic quy hoch cc khu trung tm thng mi, gii tr xung quanh cc ga chnh tng
tnh thun tin v thu ht ngi dn s dng Metro.
Th hai, i vi nhn t Nhn thc v mi trng, kt qu nghin cu cho thy khi ngi
dn c nhn thc tt v mi trng th nh s dng Metro cao. Chnh quyn thnh ph
cn xy dng cc chng trnh tuyn truyn nhm nng cao thc v mi trng i vi
mi tng lp ngi dn.
Th ba, i vi nhn t Chun ch quan, kt qu cho thy nh hng ca bn b c tc
ng ln nht. V th, cn xy dng cc chng trnh vn ng s dng Metro trong
trng hc, c quan v.v C nh vy, nh sc nh hng ca bn b cng lp, ca ng
nghip s c nhiu c nhn c nh s dng Metro.
Th t, i vi nhn t S hp dn ca PTCN, yu t t ch v mt thi gian ng vai
tr quan trng nht. Ngi dn TP. HCM vn quen s dng xe my nn h c th d
on c thi gian di chuyn ca mnh. Gii php y l lm sao tng tnh t ch v
mt thi gian ca Metro tht cao khuyn khch ngi dn s dng Metro. Cc gii php
v hn ch tnh hp dn ca PTCN ch nn p dng khi m h thng PTCC pht trin v c
kh nng p ng c nhu cu i li ca ngi dn. Tuy nhin, chnh quyn thnh ph c
th c cc gii php hn ch PTCN vo khu vc trung tm vo gi cao im. Nu mun i
vo khu vc trung tm vo gi cao im, ch phng tin phi tr mc ph cao hn hoc
chuyn i sang Metro.
5.3 Cc hn ch v hng nghin cu tip theo ca ti
Th nht, s lng mu trong nghin cu ch c 225, tht s l cn t so vi mt nghin
cu nh lng. Do i tng kho st l nhng ngi c hiu bit v Metro nn nghin
cu cha a dng ha c i tng nghin cu, ch yu l tp trung vo hc sinh sinh
vin v nhn vin vn phng.
Th hai, nh s dng chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t nhng ti ch tp trung vo 4
nhm nhn t l Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro, S hp dn ca PTCN, Chun ch quan,
Nhn thc v mi trng. Kt qu m hnh ch gii thch c 47,3% nh s dng.
36
Th ba l hn ch ca phng php phn tch d liu, nghin cu s dng cng c phn
tch hi quy a bin xc nh mi quan h gia cc bin c lp v bin ph thuc. Tuy
nhin, php phn tch ny khng cho thy mi quan h gia cc bin c lp vi nhau.
Th t l gii php cn mang tnh nh tnh v cha nh gi c nhng tr ngi khi thc
hin cc gii php trn.
Hng nghin cu tip theo ca ti l tng s lng mu kho st v a dng ha i
tng kho st. ng thi, s dng m hnh phng trnh cu trc SEM (Structural
Equation Modelling) nghin cu mi quan h gia cc bin c lp./.

37
TI LIU THAM KHO
Ting Vit
1. Hi An An Nhn (2010), Khi cng tu in ngm di 11 km ti TP. HCM,
Vnexpress, truy cp ngy 01/04/2012 ti a ch http://vnexpress.net/gl/xa-
hoi/2010/08/3ba1f9a9/
2. T An (2011), Mi nm xe my gy thit hi cho TP. HCM trn 1 t USD, Si Gn
Tip Th, truy cp ngy 30/03/2012 ti a ch:
http://www.tin247.com/moi_nam%2C_xe_may_gay_thiet_hai_cho_TP.
HCM_tren_1_ty_usd-1-21790931.html
3. Ban Qun l ng st th (2012), Gii thiu d n tuyn Metro s 1, Ban Qun
l ng st th, truy cp ngy 20/04/2012 ti a ch http://hcmc-maur.vn/vn/Du-
An/Loai-Du-An-1/Du-An-Tuyen-Duong-Sat-Metro-Ben-Thanh-Suoi-Tien-Giai-Doan-
1/
4. Chnh ph (2007), Quyt nh s 101/Q-TTg ngy 22/01/2007 v Ph duyt Quy
hoch Pht trin Giao thng Vn ti TP. HCM n nm 2020 v Tm nhn sau nm
2020
5. Hu Cng (2012), 1001 l do ngi Si Gn khng thch xe but, Vnexpress, truy
cp ngy 01/05/2012 ti a ch http://vnexpress.net/gl/xa-hoi/2011/08/1001-ly-do-
nguoi-sai-gon-khong-thich-xe-buyt/
6. Gomez-Ibanez, Jose A. v Nguyn Xun Thnh (2008), Nghin cu tnh hung v TP.
HCM, Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright, TP. H Ch Minh.
7. Chu Ng Anh Nhn (2011), Ci thin tin hon thnh d n Xy dng thuc Ngn
sch tnh Khnh Ha, Lun vn Thc s Kinh t, Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t
Fulbright, TP. H Ch Minh
8. Mng thng tin tch hp trn Internet ca TPHCM - HCM City web (2010), mc Gii
thiu chung, truy cp ngy 30/04/2012 ti a ch
http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/gioithieu/default.aspx?Source=%2Fgioithieu&Categ
ory=Gi%E1%BB%9Bi+thi%E1%BB%87u+chung&ItemID=9&Mode=1
9. MVA Asia Limited (2009), D n tuyn vn ti th khi ln s 2, thng 2/2009
38
10. S GTVT TP. HCM (2010), Thc trng v quy hoch pht trin giao thng vn ti TP.
HCM n nm 2020
11. S GTVT TP. HCM (2010), Tng lai ca vn ti hnh khch cng cng TP. HCM.
12. Hong Trng v Mng Ngc (2005), Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS, NXB
Thng k, H Ni
13. Hong Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2008), Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi
SPSS, Tp 1, Tp 2, NXB Hng c.
14. UBND TP. HCM (2011), Bo co tnh hnh kinh t - x hi thnh ph nm 2011 v
Phng hng, nhim v pht trin kinh t - x hi nm 2012, Trang thng tin in t
Hi Bo v Thin nhin v Mi trng TP. H Ch Minh, truy cp ngy 01/12/2011 ti
a ch: http://moitruongxanhhcm.org.vn/index.php/Van-ban/bao-cao-tinh-hinh-kinh-t-
xa-hi-thanh-ph-nm-2011-va-phng-hng-nhim-v-phat-trin-kinh-t-xa-hi-nm-2012.html

Ting Anh
15. Ajzen, I. (1991), The Theory of Planned Behaviour, Organization Behaviour and
Human Decision Processes, No. 50, pp. 179-211
16. Aoife, A. (2001), The Potential Impact of New Urban Public Transport Systems on
Travel Behaviour, Center for Transport Studies, University College London, London,
England
17. Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I. & Schmidt, P., (2003), Choice of travel mode in the Theory of
Planned Behaviour: The roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action,
Department of Sociology, University of Giessen, Germany
18. Balcombe, R.; Mackett, R., et al. (2004), The demand for public transport: a practical
guide, TRL Report, London
19. Borith, L., Kasem, C. & Takashi, N. (2010), Psychological Factors Influencing
Behavioral Intention of Using Future Sky Train: A Preliminary Result in Phnom
Penh, Asian Transporation Research Society, pp. 123-129
39
20. Brian, D. T. & Camille, N.Y.F (2003), The factors influencing transit ridership: A
review and analysis of the ridership literature, UCLA Department of Urban Planning,
Working paper, Los Angeles, USA
21. Chen, C. F. & Chao, W. H., (2010), Habitual or Reasoned? Using the Theory of
Planned Behavior, Technology Acceptance Model, and Habit to Examine Switching
Intentions Toward Public Transit, Transporation Research, Part F
22. Choo, S. & Mokhtarian, P. L. (2002), The Relationship of Vehicle Type Choice to
Personality, Lifestyle, Attitudinal, and Demographic Variables, University of
California, USA
23. Chuttur M. Y. (2009), Overview of the Technology Acceptance Model: Origins,
Developments and Future Directions, Indiana University, USA
24. Heath, Y. & Gifford, R. (2002), Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior:
Predicting the Use of Public Transport, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, No. 32,
pp. 2154-2189
25. Julander, C.R. & Soderlund, M. (2003), Effects of switching barriers on satisfaction,
repurchase intentions and attitudinal loyalty, SSE/EFI Working paper series in
Business Administration, No. 2003:1, Stockholm
26. Jyoti, D. M. (2009), Towards an Understanding of the Factors Influencing the
Acceptance and Diffusion of e-Government Services, Electronic Journal of e-
Government, Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp. 391-402
27. Mark, C. and Christopher, J. A. (1998), Extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour:
A Review and Avenues for Future Research, Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
No. 28, Vol. 15, pp. 1429-1464
28. Mehbub Anwar, A. H. M. (2009), Paradox between Public Transporation and Private
Car as a Modal Choice in Policy Formulation, Journal of Bangladesh Istitute of
Planners, Vol. 2, pp. 71-77
29. Morley, C. (2011), Motivating Public Transport Use: Travel Behaviour and Integrated
Ticketing for Greater Wellington, School of Geography, Environment and Earth
Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
40
30. Oliver, F. S., Yu-Hsuan, H. and David, E. A. (2010), How to Win Passengers and
Influence Motorists? Lesssons Learned from a Comparative Study of Global Transit
Systems, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, No. 68
31. Teo, T., Su Luan, W., and Sing, C. C. (2008), A Cross-Cultural Examination of the
Intention to Use Technology between Singaporean and Malaysian Pre-Service
Teachers: an Application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Educational
Technology & Society, No. 11 (4), pp. 265-280
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Attitudes and Preferences towards Various Policies in Indonesia: Some Preliminary
Results, Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 8
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Transit Use and Access, National Center for Transit Research, Final Report

41
PH LC
Ph lc 1. Quy hoch h thng Metro
Quy hoch h thng MRT ca thnh ph c Th tng ph duyt vo thng 01/2007
gm cc tuyn nh hnh 3-1. Mng li ng st th bao gm 06 tuyn ng st
metro, 02 tuyn monorail v 01 tuyn xe in mt t vi tng chiu di 109km vi cc
hng tuyn nh sau:
6 tuyn Metro xuyn tm v vnh khuyn ni cc trung tm chnh ca thnh ph, bao gm:
Tuyn s 1: Bn Thnh - Sui Tin;
Tuyn s 2: Bn xe Ty Ninh - Trng Chinh - Tam Lng - Cch Mng Thng Tm -
Bn Thnh - Th Thim;
Tuyn s 3: Quc l 13 - Bn xe Min ng - X Vit Ngh Tnh - Nguyn Th Minh
Khai - Trn Ph - Hng Vng - Hng Bng - Cy G
Tuyn s 4: Cu Bn Ct - ng Thng Nht - ng 26/3 (d kin) - Nguyn Oanh -
Nguyn Kim - Phan nh Phng - Hai B Trng - Bn Thnh - Nguyn Thi Hc -
Khnh Hi - L Vn Lng - Nguyn Vn Linh;
Tuyn s 5: Bn xe Cn Giuc mi - Quc l 50 - Tng Thin Vng - L Thng Kit -
Hong Vn Th - Phan ng Lu - Bch ng - in Bin Ph - cu Si Gn;
Tuyn s 6: B Quo - u C - Lu Bn Bch - Tn Ho - Vng xoay Ph Lm;
Ba tuyn xe in mt t (tramway hoc monorail)
Tuyn s 1: Si Gn (bn Bch ng) - Ch Ln - bn xe min Ty di 12,5km. Lin
danh Cng ty TNHH xy dng v thng mi Thanh Danh v Tietainium Management
(Malaysia) ang ngh t xy dng theo hnh thc BOT.
Tuyn s 2: Q.2 - Nguyn Vn Linh (Q.7) - quc l 50 (Q.8).
Tuyn s 3: ng su G Vp - cng vin phn mm Quang Trung (Q.12).
Ch u t d n H thng xe in Metro l Ban Qun l ng st th (MAUR)
c thnh lp theo Quyt nh s 119/2007/Q-UBND ngy 13/9/2007 ca UBND
TPHCM, c nhim v lm ch u t v qun l, vn hnh, khai thc cc tuyn ng st
th ca thnh ph.

42

Ph lc 2. Bng iu tra kho st s b

TH NG

Xin cho Anh/Ch,
Ti tn l ng Th Ngc Dung, ang hc tp ti trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM. Hin
ti ang nghin cu ti Cc yu t nh hng n nh s dng tu in ngm Metro
ca ngi dn ti TP. HCM.
Ti rt mong s h tr ca Anh/Ch bng vic tr li cc cu hi sau y. Ni dung tr li
ca qu Anh/Ch ch s dng cho mc ch nghin cu v c trnh by dng thng k.
Cc thng tin c nhn ca ngi tr li s c gi b mt v khng tit l ra bn ngoi.
V vy, ti rt mong qu Anh/Ch vui lng tr li mt cch trung thc, khch quan cc cu
hi nhm gip kt qu nghin cu phn nh ng thc t.
Chn thnh cm n Anh/Ch.

43
M T H THNG METRO

Metro l phng tin vn
chuyn hnh khch khi lng
ln chy bng ng ray. Hin
ti, TP. HCM ang khi cng
xy dng 6 tuyn Metro vi l
trnh d kin nh sau:

Tuyn 1: Bn Thnh Sui Tin
Tuyn 2: Bn xe Ty Ninh - Trng
Chinh - Tham Lng - Cch Mng Thng
Tm - Bn Thnh - Th Thim
Tuyn 3: Quc l 13 - Bn xe Min ng
- X Vit Ngh Tnh - Nguyn Th Minh
Khai - Trn Ph - Hng Vng - Hng
Bng - Cy G
Tuyn 4: Cu Bn Ct - ng Thng
Nht - ng 26/3 (d kin) - Nguyn
Oanh - Nguyn Kim - Phan nh Phng -
Hai B Trng -Bn Thnh - Nguyn Thi
Hc - Khnh Hi - L Vn Lng -
Nguyn Vn Linh
Tuyn s 5: Bn xe Cn Giuc mi -
Quc l 50 - Tng Thin Vng - L
Thng Kit - Hong Vn Th - Phan
ng Lu - Bch ng - in Bin Ph -
cu Si Gn
Tuyn s 6: B Quo - u C - Lu Bn
Bch - Tn Ho - Vng xoay Ph Lm;

44
Xin Anh/Ch vui lng tr li cc cu hi di y bng cch nh du x vo cu tr li
1. Anh/Ch c bit g v Metro hay khng?
Cha bit
Ch bit qua bo, i, internet
tng s dng nc ngoi
2. Anh ch vui lng cho bit phng tin thng xuyn s dng trong 6 thng qua
i b
Xe but
Xe p
Xe my
Xe hi
3. Khong cch trung bnh m Anh/Ch di chuyn trong ngy
Di 3.5 km/ln
T 3.5 km n di 7 km/ln
T 7 km n di 15 km/ln
T 15 km/ln tr ln
4. Quy hoch Metro (xem tr. 2) c i qua nh hoc trng hc/ c quan m Anh/Ch di chuyn
hng ngy hay khng
C
Khng
Khng bit

CC YU T NH HNG N NH S DNG XE IN METRO
Anh/Ch vui lng cho bit mc ng i vi tng cu nhn nh di y

1: rt khng ng 5: rt ng

STT S hu ch ca Metro Mc ng
A1 Ti ngh s dng Metro thun tin 1 2 3 4 5
A2 Ti ngh s dng Metro an ton 1 2 3 4 5
A3 Ti ngh di chuyn bng Metro thoi mi 1 2 3 4 5
A4 Ti ngh chi ph s dng Metro thp 1 2 3 4 5
A5
Ti ngh s dng Metro gip ti tit kim c thi gian (c tnh
n thi gian i b v ch i)
1 2 3 4 5
A6 Ti c th t ch v mt thi gian khi s dng Metro 1 2 3 4 5

45
S hp dn ca Phng tin c nhn (PTCN) Mc ng
B1 Ti ngh s dng PTCN thun tin hn Metro 1 2 3 4 5
B2
PTCN gip ti i n bt k ni no ti mun trong khu vc TP.
HCM
1 2 3 4 5
B3 Ti ngh di chuyn bng PTCN nhanh hn Metro 1 2 3 4 5
B4
Ti ngh di chuyn bng PTCN gip ti t ch v mt thi gian
hn so vi Metro
1 2 3 4 5
B5 Ti ngh chi ph s dng PTCN thp hn Metro 1 2 3 4 5
B6 Ti quen vi vic s dng PTCN hng ngy 1 2 3 4 5

Chun ch quan (hay nh hng ca x hi) Mc ng
C1
Gia nh khuyn ti nn s dng Metro v n c nh hng n
s la chn ca ti
1 2 3 4 5
C2
Bn b khuyn ti nn s dng Metro v n c nh hng n
s la chn ca ti
1 2 3 4 5
C3
C quan/ trng hc khuyn ti s dng Metro v n c nh
1 2 3 4 5
C4
Chnh quyn thnh ph c cc bin php khuyn khch s dng
Metro v n c nh hng n s la chn ca ti
1 2 3 4 5

Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi Mc ng
D1 i vi ti, vic s dng Metro l d dng 1 2 3 4 5
D2 Vic s dng Metro hon ton do ti quyt nh 1 2 3 4 5

Nhn thc v mi trng Mc ng
E1 S dng xe my nhiu lm tng nhim mi trng TP. HCM 1 2 3 4 5
E2 S dng xe my nhiu lm tng tai nn giao thng TP. HCM 1 2 3 4 5
E3
S dng xe my nhiu lm tng tc nghn giao thng TP.
HCM
1 2 3 4 5

nh s dng Metro Mc ng
F1 Ti c nh s dng Metro 1 2 3 4 5
F1 Ti c nh s dng Metro thng xuyn 1 2 3 4 5
F2 Ti c nh khuyn gia nh/ bn b s dng Metro 1 2 3 4 5
46
THNG TIN C NHN
1. Gii tnh ca Anh/Ch: Nam N
2. Ni ti TP. HCM: Qun/ Huyn:
3. Ni lm vic ca Anh/Ch: Qun/ Huyn:
4. Xin vui lng cho bit tui ca Anh/Ch:
Di 18 tui
T 18 n di 22 tui
T 22 tui n di 30 tui
Trn 50 tui
5. Tnh trng hn nhn ca bn:
Cha c gia nh
c gia nh v cha c con
c gia nh v c con
6. Trnh hc vn ca Anh/Ch:
<= 12
i hc/ Cao ng
Sau i hc
7. Ngh nghip ca Anh/Ch
Hc sinh/ Sinh vin
Cng nhn
Nhn vin vn phng
Doanh nhn/ Nh qun l
Ngh hu
Khc:
8. Xin vui lng cho bit thu nhp ca Anh/Ch:
Di 5 triu ng/ thng
T 5 n di 10 triu ng/ thng
T 15 triu ng/ thng tr ln
kin ng gp ca Anh/chi cho bng cu hi s b
47
Ph lc 3. Bo co ni dung kho st s b
1. S lng mu v i tng kho st s b: 37 i tng c hiu bit v Metro
Thng k m t v cc i tng c kho st s b
Tui

Hn nhn
18-22 10 27%

Cha 31 84%
22-30 21 57%

C gia nh 2 5%
30-40 6 16%

C con 4 11%
Ni

Trnh
Q2 6 16%

H 22 59%
Q3 4 11%

Sau H 15 41%
Q8 2 5%
Tn Bnh 17 46% Ngh nghip
Ph Nhun 2 5%

Sinh vin 12 32%
Bnh Thnh 4 11%

NVVP 23 62%
Th c 2 5%

Doanh nhn 2 5%
Ni lm vic

Thu nhp
Q1 11 30%

Di 5 10 27%
Q3 6 16%

5-10 16 43%
Q8 2 5%

10-15 8 22%
Q10 6 16%

trn 15 3 8%
Q12 2 5%
Bnh Thnh 8 22%

Gii tnh
Tn Bnh 0 0%

Nam 21 57%
Th c 2 5%

N 16 43%
48
2. Kt qu phn tch tin cy
Kt qu phn tch tin cy cho thy, ch c nhm nhn t S hp dn ca PTCN c h s
Cronbachs Alpha nh hn 0,6. Do , s xem xt loi b hoc gi li nhm nhn t ny.
Nhm yu t Cronbachs Alpha
Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro 0,813
S hp dn ca phng tin c nhn 0,440
nh hng ca x hi 0,719
Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi 0,727
Nhn thc v mi trng 0,861
3. Ni dung gp i vi cc nhm nhn t:
Nhn chung cc i tng c phng vn ng vi cc nhm nhn t tc ng n
nh s dng Metro. Tuy nhin, c mt s kin gp v t ng din gii cho bng cu
hi v tc gi s sa li theo nhng gp ny, c th nh sau:
i vi thang o A4 t thp s khin ngi c kho st ngh n s tin tuyt i phi
b ra s dng l thp hay cao. Mt s kin cho rng nn thay i t thp thnh l
r o lng c s nh gi ca ngi dn v gi v, chi ph ca phng tin l r
(hoc phi chng) hay khng so vi nhng ch li m n em li. i vi thang o B3, nn
thay t nhanh bng t tit kim thi gian ni ln li ch ca PTCN, trnh nhm ln
l tc nhanh.
i vi nhm Nhn thc v mi trng, nhiu kin cho rng nn hi trc tip nhn
thc ca ngi dn v mi trng khi s dng Metro hn l khi s dng xe my. V th,
nghin cu cng xut thay i nhm nhn t ny theo kin kho st s b. Bng cu
hi iu tra kho st chnh thc c trnh by Ph lc 4.
49
Ph lc 4. Bng hi iu tra kho st chnh thc

TH NG

Xin cho Anh/Ch,
Ti tn l ng Th Ngc Dung, ang hc tp ti trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM. Hin
ti ang nghin cu ti Cc yu t nh hng n nh s dng tu in ngm Metro
ca ngi dn ti TP. HCM.
Ti rt mong s h tr ca Anh/Ch bng vic tr li cc cu hi sau y. Ni dung tr li
ca qu Anh/Ch ch s dng cho mc ch nghin cu v c trnh by dng thng k.
Cc thng tin c nhn ca ngi tr li s c gi b mt v khng tit l ra bn ngoi.
V vy, ti rt mong qu Anh/Ch vui lng tr li mt cch trung thc, khch quan cc cu
hi nhm gip kt qu nghin cu phn nh ng thc t.
Chn thnh cm n Anh/Ch.

50
M T H THNG METRO

Metro l phng tin vn chuyn
hnh khch khi lng ln chy
bng ng ray. Hin ti, TP.
HCM ang khi cng xy dng
6 tuyn Metro vi l trnh d
kin nh sau:

Tuyn 1: Bn Thnh KDL Vn Thnh
Tho in Phc Long Bnh Thi
Cng vin k thut cao - Sui Tin
Tuyn 2: Bn xe Ty Ninh - Trng
Chinh - Tham Lng - Cch Mng Thng
Tm - Bn Thnh - Th Thim
Tuyn 3: Quc l 13 - Bn xe Min ng
- X Vit Ngh Tnh - Nguyn Th Minh
Khai - Trn Ph - Hng Vng - Hng
Bng - Cy G
Tuyn 4: Cu Bn Ct - ng Thng
Nht - ng 26/3 (d kin) - Nguyn
Oanh - Nguyn Kim - Phan nh Phng -
Hai B Trng -Bn Thnh - Nguyn Thi
Hc - Khnh Hi - L Vn Lng -
Nguyn Vn Linh
Tuyn s 5: Bn xe Cn Giuc mi -
Quc l 50 - Tng Thin Vng - L
Thng Kit - Hong Vn Th - Phan
ng Lu - Bch ng - in Bin Ph -
cu Si Gn
Tuyn s 6: B Quo - u C - Lu Bn
Bch - Tn Ho - Vng xoay Ph Lm;

51
Xin Anh/Ch vui lng tr li cc cu hi di y bng cch nh du x vo cu tr li
1. Anh/Ch c bit g v Metro hay khng?
Cha bit
Ch bit qua bo, i, internet
tng s dng nc ngoi
2. Anh ch vui lng cho bit phng tin thng xuyn s dng trong 6 thng qua?
i b
Xe but
Xe p
Xe my
Xe hi
3. Khong cch trung bnh m Anh/Ch di chuyn trong ngy
Di 3.5 km/ln
T 3.5 km n di 7 km/ln
T 7 km n di 15 km/ln
T 15 km/ln tr ln
4. Quy hoch Metro (xem tr. 2) c i qua nh hoc trng hc/ c quan m Anh/Ch di
chuyn hng ngy hay khng
C
Khng
Khng bit

CC YU T NH HNG N NH S DNG XE IN Metro
Anh/Ch vui lng cho bit mc ng i vi tng cu nhn nh di y
1: rt khng ng 5: rt ng

STT S hu ch ca Metro Mc ng
A1 Ti ngh s dng Metro thun tin 1 2 3 4 5
A2 Ti ngh s dng Metro an ton 1 2 3 4 5
A3 Ti ngh di chuyn bng Metro thoi mi 1 2 3 4 5
A4 Ti ngh chi ph s dng Metro l r 1 2 3 4 5
A5
Ti ngh s dng Metro gip ti tit kim c thi gian (c tnh
n thi gian i b v ch i)
1 2 3 4 5
A6 Ti c th t ch v mt thi gian khi s dng Metro 1 2 3 4 5

52
S hp dn ca Phng tin c nhn (PTCN) Mc ng
B1 Ti ngh s dng PTCN thun tin hn Metro 1 2 3 4 5
B2
PTCN gip ti i n bt k ni no ti mun trong khu vc TP.
HCM
1 2 3 4 5
B3
Ti ngh di chuyn bng PTCN tit kim thi gian hn so vi
Metro
1 2 3 4 5
B4
Ti ngh di chuyn bng PTCN gip ti t ch v mt thi gian
hn so vi Metro
1 2 3 4 5
B5 Ti ngh chi ph s dng PTCN thp hn so vi Metro 1 2 3 4 5
B6 Ti quen vi vic s dng PTCN hng ngy 1 2 3 4 5

Chun ch quan (hay nh hng ca x hi) Mc ng
C1
Gia nh khuyn ti nn s dng Metro v n c nh hng n
s la chn ca ti
1 2 3 4 5
C2
Bn b khuyn ti nn s dng Metro v n c nh hng n
s la chn ca ti
1 2 3 4 5
C3
C quan/ trng hc khuyn ti s dng Metro v n c nh
1 2 3 4 5
C4
Chnh quyn thnh ph c cc bin php khuyn khch s dng
Metro v n c nh hng n s la chn ca ti
1 2 3 4 5

Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi Mc ng
D1 i vi ti, vic s dng Metro l d dng 1 2 3 4 5
D2 Vic s dng Metro hon ton do ti quyt nh 1 2 3 4 5

Nhn thc v mi trng Mc ng
E1 S dng Metro gip gim bt nhim mi trng TP. HCM 1 2 3 4 5
E2 S dng Metro gip gim bt tai nn giao thng TP. HCM 1 2 3 4 5
E3 S dng Metro gip gim bt tc nghn giao thng TP. HCM 1 2 3 4 5

nh s dng Metro Mc ng
F1 Ti c nh s dng Metro 1 2 3 4 5
F2 Ti c nh s dng Metro thng xuyn 1 2 3 4 5
F3 Ti c nh khuyn gia nh/ bn b s dng Metro 1 2 3 4 5

53
THNG TIN C NHN
1. Gii tnh ca Anh/Ch: Nam N
2. Ni ti TP. HCM: Qun/ Huyn: ...
3. Ni lm vic ca Anh/Ch: Qun/ Huyn: ..
4. Xin vui lng cho bit tui ca Anh/Ch:
Di 18 tui
T 18 n di 22 tui
Trn 50 tui

5. Tnh trng hn nhn ca bn:
Cha c gia nh
c gia nh v cha c con
c gia nh v c con

6. Trnh hc vn ca Anh/Ch:
<= 12
i hc/ Cao ng
Sau i hc

7. Ngh nghip ca Anh/Ch
Hc sinh/ Sinh vin
Cng nhn
Nhn vin vn phng
Doanh nhn/ Nh qun l
Ngh hu
Khc: ..

8. Xin vui lng cho bit thu nhp ca Anh/Ch:
Di 5 triu ng/ thng
T 15 triu ng/ thng tr ln

Chn thnh cm n s gip ca Anh/ch.

54
Ph lc 5. Thng k m t v tn s v c trng ca c nhn c kho st
Gii tnh S lng Tn sut
Nam 105 46,67%
N 120 53,33%

Tui S lng Tn sut
Di 22 tui 78 34,66%
T 23 n 30 tui 103 45,78%
T 30 tui n 40 tui 30 13,34%
Trn 40 tui 14 6,22%

Tnh trng hn nhn S lng Tn sut
Cha c gia nh 151 67,11%
c gia nh v cha c con 21 9,33%
c gia nh v c con 53 23,56%

Trnh S lng Tn sut
Ph thng 24 10,67%
Cao ng/ i hc 138 61,33%
Sau i hc 63 28,00%

Ngh nghip S lng Tn sut
Hc sinh Sinh vin 77 34,22%
Nhn vin vn phng 86 38,22%
K s 22 9,78%
Gio vin/ Ging vin 17 7,56%
Khc 23 10,22%

Thu nhp S lng Tn sut
Di 5 triu ng 105 46,67%
T 5 n di 10 triu ng 68 30,22%
T 10 n di 15 triu ng 25 11,11%
Trn 15 triu ng 27 12,00%

55
Ph lc 6. Thng k m t v tn s v c trng ca lin quan n Metro
Anh/Ch c bit g v Metro hay khng?

S lng Tn sut
Ch bit qua bo, i, internet 169 75,11%
tng s dng nc ngoi 56 24,89%

Anh ch vui lng cho bit phng tin thng xuyn
s dng trong 6 thng qua

S lng Tn sut
i b 0 0,00%
Xe but 36 16,00%
Xe p 9 4,00%
Xe my 169 75,11%
Xe hi 11 4,89%

Quy hoch Metro c i l trnh di chuyn hng ngy
ca Anh/Ch hay khng

S lng Tn sut
C 89 39,56%
Khng 111 49,33%
Khng bit 25 11,11%

56
Ph lc 7. Thng k m t

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation
A1
225 3,74 ,832
A2
225 3,99 ,773
A3
225 3,84 ,835
A4
225 3,50 ,846
A5
225 3,36 1,048
A6
225 3,12 ,989
B1
219 3,80 1,006
B2
220 4,34 ,836
B3
219 3,08 ,990
B4
218 4,05 ,891
B5
220 3,61 ,897
B6
218 3,83 1,013
C1
225 3,05 ,937
C2
225 3,02 ,928
C3
225 3,10 ,963
C4
225 3,51 ,917
D1
225 3,60 ,877
D2
225 4,28 ,725
E1
225 4,32 ,781
E2
225 4,34 ,763
E3
225 4,32 ,810
Valid N (listwise)
102
57
Ph lc 8. Phn tch tng quan gia cc bin nhm Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro vi nhau v vi bin ph thuc nh s dng
Metro

Correlations

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 IT
A1 Pearson Correlation 1 ,392(**) ,461(**) ,305(**) ,435(**) ,367(**) ,453(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
A2 Pearson Correlation ,392(**) 1 ,454(**) ,225(**) ,285(**) ,270(**) ,350(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,001 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
A3 Pearson Correlation ,461(**) ,454(**) 1 ,348(**) ,408(**) ,390(**) ,446(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
A4 Pearson Correlation ,305(**) ,225(**) ,348(**) 1 ,455(**) ,421(**) ,354(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,001 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
A5 Pearson Correlation ,435(**) ,285(**) ,408(**) ,455(**) 1 ,593(**) ,422(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
A6 Pearson Correlation ,367(**) ,270(**) ,390(**) ,421(**) ,593(**) 1 ,452(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
IT Pearson Correlation ,453(**) ,350(**) ,446(**) ,354(**) ,422(**) ,452(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

58

Phn tch tng quan gia cc bin nhm S hp dn ca PTCN vi nhau v vi bin ph thuc nh s dng Metro

Correlations

IT B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
IT Pearson Correlation 1 -,202(**) -,084 -,241(**) -,191(**) -,135(*) -,228(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,003 ,212 ,000 ,005 ,045 ,001
N 225 219 220 219 218 220 218
B1 Pearson Correlation -,202(**) 1 ,416(**) ,285(**) ,511(**) ,307(**) ,392(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,003 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 219 219 219 218 217 219 217
B2 Pearson Correlation -,084 ,416(**) 1 ,218(**) ,452(**) ,308(**) ,431(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,212 ,000 ,001 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 220 219 220 219 218 220 218
B3 Pearson Correlation -,241(**) ,285(**) ,218(**) 1 ,357(**) ,149(*) ,307(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,001 ,000 ,028 ,000
N 219 218 219 219 217 219 218
B4 Pearson Correlation -,191(**) ,511(**) ,452(**) ,357(**) 1 ,478(**) ,418(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,005 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 218 217 218 217 218 218 216
B5 Pearson Correlation -,135(*) ,307(**) ,308(**) ,149(*) ,478(**) 1 ,435(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,045 ,000 ,000 ,028 ,000 ,000
N 220 219 220 219 218 220 218
B6 Pearson Correlation -,228(**) ,392(**) ,431(**) ,307(**) ,418(**) ,435(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed) ,001 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 218 217 218 218 216 218 218
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

59
IT C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
IT Pearson Correlation 1 ,373(**) ,430(**) ,400(**) ,358(**) ,524(**) ,253(**) ,407(**) ,408(**) ,396(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
C1 Pearson Correlation ,373(**) 1 ,846(**) ,742(**) ,377(**) ,171(*) -,060 ,125 ,233(**) ,144(*)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,010 ,370 ,061 ,000 ,031
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
C2 Pearson Correlation ,430(**) ,846(**) 1 ,777(**) ,422(**) ,187(**) -,036 ,120 ,223(**) ,151(*)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,005 ,591 ,073 ,001 ,024
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
C3 Pearson Correlation ,400(**) ,742(**) ,777(**) 1 ,439(**) ,179(**) -,078 ,137(*) ,210(**) ,149(*)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,007 ,242 ,040 ,002 ,026
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
C4 Pearson Correlation ,358(**) ,377(**) ,422(**) ,439(**) 1 ,362(**) ,111 ,175(**) ,290(**) ,256(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,096 ,009 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
D1 Pearson Correlation ,524(**) ,171(*) ,187(**) ,179(**) ,362(**) 1 ,371(**) ,252(**) ,272(**) ,340(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,010 ,005 ,007 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
D2 Pearson Correlation ,253(**) -,060 -,036 -,078 ,111 ,371(**) 1 ,306(**) ,286(**) ,384(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,370 ,591 ,242 ,096 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
E1 Pearson Correlation ,407(**) ,125 ,120 ,137(*) ,175(**) ,252(**) ,306(**) 1 ,727(**) ,644(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,061 ,073 ,040 ,009 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
E2 Pearson Correlation ,408(**) ,233(**) ,223(**) ,210(**) ,290(**) ,272(**) ,286(**) ,727(**) 1 ,735(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,001 ,002 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
E3 Pearson Correlation ,396(**) ,144(*) ,151(*) ,149(*) ,256(**) ,340(**) ,384(**) ,644(**) ,735(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,031 ,024 ,026 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
60

Ph lc 9. Kt qu kim nh Cronbachs Alpha
1. Nhn thc s hu ch ca Metro
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
0,792 6

Item Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
A1 3,74 0,832 225
A2 3,99 0,773 225
A3 3,84 0,835 225
A4 3,50 0,846 225
A5 3,36 1,048 225
A6 3,12 0,989 225

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
A1 17,81 10,432 0,546 0,760
A2 17,56 11,203 0,437 0,784
A3 17,71 10,287 0,574 0,754
A4 18,05 10,618 0,495 0,772
A5 18,19 8,995 0,632 0,738
A6 18,44 9,488 0,590 0,749

2. S hp dn ca PTCN
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
0,770 6

Item Statistics
B1
3,79 1,008 225
B2
4,33 0,842 225
B3
3,07 0,988 225
B4
4,04 0,893 225
B5
3,60 0,895 225
B6
3,83 1,015 225

61


Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale Variance
if Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
B1
18,87 10,301 0,547 0,726
B2
18,33 11,232 0,518 0,735
B3
19,60 11,494 0,356 0,776
B4
18,62 10,349 0,647 0,702
B5
19,06 11,268 0,465 0,747
B6
18,83 10,131 0,572 0,719

3. Chun ch quan
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
0,858 4

Item Statistics
C1 3,05 0,937 225
C2 3,02 0,928 225
C3 3,10 0,963 225
C4 3,51 0,917 225


Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale Variance
if Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
C1 9,63 5,512 0,786 0,784
C2 9,65 5,406 0,829 0,766
C3 9,58 5,415 0,781 0,786
C4 9,17 6,864 0,446 0,917

4. Nhn thc kim sot hnh vi
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
0,535 2

Item Statistics
D1 3,60 0,877 225
D2 4,28 0,725 225

62


Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
D1 4,28 0,526 0,371 .(a)
D2 3,60 0,769 0,371 .(a)
a The value is negative due to a negative average covariance among items. This violates reliability model
assumptions. You may want to check item codings.

5. Nhn thc v mi trng
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
0,875 3
Item Statistics
E1 4,32 0,781 225
E2 4,34 0,763 225
E3 4,32 0,810 225

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale Variance
if Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
E1 8,66 2,146 0,735 0,846
E2 8,64 2,081 0,806 0,783
E3 8,65 2,058 0,741 0,842

6. nh s dng Metro
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
0,798 3
Item Statistics
F1 3,98 0,879 225
F2 3,19 0,941 225
F3 3,53 0,866 225


Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
F1 6,72 2,569 0,639 0,727
F2 7,51 2,331 0,670 0,694
F3 7,16 2,647 0,619 0,748
63

Ph lc 10. Kt qu phn tch nhn t
Ph lc 10.1 Kt qu phn tch nhn t ln 1

Kim nh KMO and Bartlett's

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
0,811
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
1987,281
df
210
Sig.
0,000

Ma trn xoay nhn t (ln 1)

Nhn t
1 2 3 4 5
A1
0,666
A4
0,740
A5
0,784
A6
0,634
B1
0,723
B2
0,673
B4
0,775
B5
0,679
B6
0,708
C1
0,882
C2
0,898
C3
0,877
C4
0,555
E1
0,835
E2
0,865
E3
0,833
A3
0,540
A2
0,655
B3
0,469
D2
0,452
D1
0,599
64

Tng phng sai c gii thch (EFA ln 1)

Component
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %
1 5,263 25,060 25,060 5,263 25,060 25,060 3,047 14,510 14,510
2 3,416 16,266 41,326 3,416 16,266 41,326 2,977 14,175 28,685
3 2,008 9,564 50,891 2,008 9,564 50,891 2,637 12,559 41,244
4 1,478 7,039 57,930 1,478 7,039 57,930 2,361 11,242 52,485
5 1,095 5,212 63,142 1,095 5,212 63,142 2,238 10,656 63,142
6 ,947 4,512 67,653
7 ,827 3,938 71,592
8 ,729 3,470 75,062
9 ,705 3,356 78,418
10 ,657 3,127 81,545
11 ,551 2,625 84,170
12 ,520 2,478 86,648
13 ,476 2,268 88,916
14 ,429 2,044 90,960
15 ,381 1,816 92,776
16 ,340 1,618 94,394
17 ,313 1,491 95,885
18 ,298 1,417 97,303
19 ,249 1,186 98,488
20 ,194 ,926 99,414
21 ,123 ,586 100,000

65



Adequacy. 0,816
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square 1891,022
df 190
Sig. 0,000


Component
1 2 3 4 5
A1 0,535
A4 0,734
A5 0,811
A6 0,709
B1 0,729
B2 0,689
B4 0,779
B5 0,639 -0,522
B6 0,700
C1 0,880
C2 0,902
C3 0,878
C4 0,557
E1 0,848
E2 0,887
E3 0,844
A3 0,488
A2 0,654
66

B3 0,498
D1 0,465

67


Component
1 5,210 26,048 26,048 5,210 26,048 26,048 2,973 14,863 14,863
2 3,166 15,831 41,879 3,166 15,831 41,879 2,944 14,722 29,585
3 1,993 9,964 51,843 1,993 9,964 51,843 2,855 14,276 43,860
4 1,469 7,347 59,190 1,469 7,347 59,190 2,637 13,185 57,045
5 1,068 5,342 64,532 1,068 5,342 64,532 1,497 7,486 64,532
6 ,901 4,506 69,038
7 ,789 3,947 72,985
8 ,723 3,615 76,600
9 ,658 3,288 79,888
10 ,571 2,853 82,741
11 ,548 2,740 85,481
12 ,515 2,576 88,056
13 ,432 2,160 90,216
14 ,417 2,083 92,300
15 ,347 1,735 94,035
16 ,320 1,598 95,633
17 ,298 1,491 97,124
18 ,249 1,245 98,369
19 ,199 ,996 99,365
20 ,127 ,635 100,000

68

Ph lc 10.3. Kt qu phn tch nhn t ln 3

Kim nh KMO and Bartlett

Adequacy.
0,807
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
1810,717
df
171
Sig. 0,000


Component
1 2 3 4 5
A1
0,523
A4
0,739
A5 0,814
A6
0,713
B1
0,738
B2
0,694
B4 0,775
B5
0,620
B6
0,696
C1
0,878
C2 0,901
C3
0,878
C4
0,571
E1
0,849
E2
0,889
E3
0,848
A3
0,489
A2
0,666
B3
0,505

69


Component
1 4,941 26,003 26,003 4,941 26,003 26,003 2,973 15,647 15,647
2 3,147 16,561 42,564 3,147 16,561 42,564 2,929 15,417 31,064
3 1,970 10,366 52,931 1,970 10,366 52,931 2,637 13,879 44,943
4 1,457 7,668 60,599 1,457 7,668 60,599 2,632 13,854 58,797
5 1,063 5,593 66,191 1,063 5,593 66,191 1,405 7,394 66,191
6 ,790 4,158 70,350
7 ,787 4,142 74,492
8 ,710 3,738 78,230
9 ,658 3,461 81,691
10 ,552 2,904 84,595
11 ,516 2,714 87,309
12 ,437 2,298 89,608
13 ,420 2,209 91,816
14 ,349 1,838 93,655
15 ,326 1,714 95,368
16 ,301 1,585 96,953
17 ,249 1,311 98,264
18 ,203 1,067 99,331
19 ,127 ,669 100,000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

70

Ph lc 10.4. Kt qu phn tch nhn t ln 4

Kim nh KMO and Bartlett's Test

Adequacy.
0,786
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
1685,362
df
153
Sig.
0,000


Component
1 2 3 4 5
A1
0,540
A4
0,735
A5 0,821
A6
0,729
B1
0,738
B2
0,691
B4 0,777
B5
0,621
B6
0,698
C1
0,880
C2 0,903
C3
0,879
C4
0,573
E1
0,855
E2
0,892
E3
0,851
A2
0,634
B3
0,508
.
71


Component
1 4,497 24,982 24,982 4,497 24,982 24,982 2,948 16,379 16,379
2 3,146 17,479 42,461 3,146 17,479 42,461 2,910 16,166 32,545
3 1,934 10,746 53,208 1,934 10,746 53,208 2,566 14,258 46,803
4
1,453 8,075 61,282 1,453 8,075 61,282 2,423 13,463 60,266
5 1,051 5,838 67,120 1,051 5,838 67,120 1,234 6,853 67,120
6 ,788 4,377 71,497
7 ,760 4,221 75,718
8 ,710 3,943 79,661
9 ,630 3,498 83,159
10 ,551 3,059 86,219
11 ,479 2,660 88,879
12 ,434 2,413 91,292
13 ,357 1,981 93,273
14 ,326 1,813 95,086
15 ,304 1,690 96,775
16 ,250 1,388 98,163
17 ,203 1,130 99,293
18 ,127 ,707 100,000

72



Adequacy.
0,778
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
1606,547
df
136
Sig.
0,000


Component
1 2 3 4
A1
0,616
A4
0,716
A5 0,820
A6
0,766
B1
0,726
B2
0,674
B4 0,782
B5
0,682
B6
0,705
C1
0,883
C2 0,907
C3
0,881
C4
0,572
E1
0,857
E2
0,892
E3
0,842
B3
0,468
.
73


Component
1 4,258 25,046 25,046 4,258 25,046 25,046 2,916 17,153 17,153
2 3,107 18,278 43,324 3,107 18,278 43,324 2,873 16,901 34,054
3 1,934 11,378 54,702 1,934 11,378 54,702 2,493 14,662 48,716
4 1,449 8,525 63,227 1,449 8,525 63,227 2,467 14,510 63,227
5 ,922 5,424 68,651
6 ,788 4,634 73,285
7 ,758 4,460 77,745
8 ,690 4,058 81,803
9 ,554 3,259 85,063
10 ,513 3,016 88,078
11 ,439 2,583 90,661
12 ,357 2,098 92,759
13 ,334 1,967 94,727
14 ,306 1,802 96,528
15 ,253 1,489 98,017
16 ,210 1,235 99,252
17 ,127 ,748 100,000

74



Adequacy.
0,772
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
1555,992
df
120
Sig.
0,000


Component
1 2 3 4
A1
0,622
A4
0,714
A5 0,820
A6
0,780
B1
0,725
B2
0,682
B4 0,778
B5
0,709
B6
0,705
C1
0,882
C2 0,908
C3
0,883
C4
0,571
E1
0,858
E2
0,891
E3
0,840
75


Component
1 4,150 25,935 25,935 4,150 25,935 25,935 2,875 17,968 17,968
2 3,018 18,862 44,797 3,018 18,862 44,797 2,739 17,120 35,087
3 1,900 11,878 56,675 1,900 11,878 56,675 2,480 15,497 50,585
4 1,449 9,058 65,732 1,449 9,058 65,732 2,424 15,147 65,732
5 ,863 5,394 71,126
6 ,788 4,922 76,048
7 ,707 4,418 80,466
8 ,554 3,465 83,932
9 ,514 3,212 87,144
10 ,442 2,764 89,908
11 ,365 2,284 92,192
12 ,349 2,184 94,375
13 ,306 1,916 96,291
14 ,256 1,597 97,888
15 ,210 1,314 99,202
16 ,128 ,798 100,000

76

Ph lc 11 Kt qu hi quy a bin

Variables Entered/Removed(b)

Model
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed Method
1
EA, AA,
SN, PU(a)
. Enter
a All requested variables entered.
b Dependent Variable: IT

Model Summary(b)

Model R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate Durbin-Watson
1
0,695(a) 0,483 0,473 0,54419 2,118
a Predictors: (Constant), EA, AA, SN, PU

ANOVA(b)

Model
Sum of
1 Regression
59,489 4 14,872 50,220 0,000(a)
Residual
63,671 215 0,296
Total
123,160 219
a Predictors: (Constant), EA, AA, SN, PU

Coefficients
a
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients

Model B Std.Error Beta t Sig.
2. (Constant) 0,975 0,346 2,822 0,005
PU 0,406 0,063 0,364 6,405 0,000
AA -0,201 0,056 -0,182 -3,570 0,000
SN 0,203 0,051 0,242 4,526 0,000
EA 0,280 0,059 0,263 4,766 0,000
b. Dependent Variable: IT
Correlatations Collinearity Statistics
Model Zero-order Partial Part Tolerance VIF
2. (Constant)
PU 0,583 0,400 0,314 0,743 1,345
AA -0,234 -0,237 -0,175 0,925 1,081
SN 0,464 0,295 0,222 0,842 1,187
EA 0,442 0,309 0,234 0,792 1,262
77

Ph lc 12. Phn tch ANOVA
1. Gii tnh
Group Statistics

Gii tnh N Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
0
120 3,49 0,778 0,071
1
105 3,65 0,723 0,071

Independent Samples test
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Levenes Test for
Equality of Variances
F 0,087
Sig. 0,769
t-test for Equality of
Mean
t -1,641 -1,649
df 223 222,153
Sig.
(2-tailed)
0,102 0,101
Mean
Difference
-0,165 -0,165
Std.Error
Difference
0,101 0,100
95% confidence interval
of the difference
Lower -0,363 0,033
Upper -0,362 0,032

2. Tui
Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
0,883 5 219 0,493

ANOVA

Sum of
Between Groups
3,088 5 0,618 1,083 0,370
Within Groups
124,851 219 0,570
Total
127,939 224

78

3. Tnh trng hn nhn gia nh

0,603 2 222 0,548

ANOVA

Sum of
Between Groups
0,502 2 0,251 0,437 0,647
Within Groups
127,437 222 0,574
Total
127,939 224
4. Trnh hc vn

0,132 2 222 0,876

ANOVA

Sum of
Between Groups
1,734 2 0,867 1,525 0,220
Within Groups
126,205 222 0,568
Total
127,939 224

5. Thu nhp

1,869 3 221 0,136

ANOVA

Sum of
Between Groups
1,443 3 0,481 0,840 0,473
Within Groups
126,496 221 0,572
Total
127,939 224

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