Chemistry Ps Set 3

Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010
Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3

42
Electrolysis

1. Define the meaning of electrolyte and non-electrolyte and respective examples.

Electrolyte Non-electrolyte
Meaning

Example

2. Define electrolysis:

..

..

3. Energy change :

Electrolysis: .... energy to energy.

Voltaic cell: ..energy to ... energy.

4. Write the half equation to represent the discharge of anion and cation.

Anion Half equation Cation Half equation
Hydroxide
ion, OH
-
Hydrogen ion,
H
+

Chloride ion,
Cl
-
Sodiumion,
Na
+

Bromide ion,
Br
-
Silver ion, Ag
+

Iodide ion,
I
-
Lead (II)ion,
Pb
2+

Oxide ion, O
2-
Copper(II) ion,
Cu
2+

Aluminiumion,
Al
3+

6. Products of electrolysis depend on three factors, they are

a) .....

b) .

c) .


43
7. Complete the electrochemical series below.

Diagram: Electrochemical Series

Cation Anion

Ease of discharge
increases
K
+

Ca
2+

Zn
2+

H
+

F
-

Cl
-


44

Electrolysis of sodium nitrate solution.

8. Describe the electrolysis of sodiumnitrate solution using carbon electrodes.

Anode

Cathode
Write the formula of all ions
present in the electrolyte.

Write the formula of ion/ions
which is/are attracted to anode
and cathode.

Which is selectively discharged?
Give a reason.

Write the half equation to
represent the discharge.

What will you observe at the
electrode?

Name the product.

State the test to identify the
product.

Sodium nitrate
solution, 0.5 mol dm
-3
Carbon electrodes

45

Electrolysis of potassium chloride solution

9. Describe the electrolysis of potassiumchloride solution using carbon electrodes.

Anode

Cathode

and cathode.

Give a reason.


electrode?

Name the product.

Potassium chloride
-3
Carbon electrodes


46

Electrolysis of copper (II) nitrate solution

10. Describe the electrolysis of copper (II) nitrate solution using metal electrodes.

Anode

Cathode

and cathode.

Give a reason.


electrodes?

Name the product.
What will you observe to the
electrolyte?
Explain why?

Iron electrode
Copper electrode

Copper(II)nitrate
-3

47
Voltaic cell / Simple cell

11. Describe the voltage cell.

Negative terminal Positive terminal

State all ions present in the
electrolyte.

Identify positive terminal and
negative terminal.
Explain why?

Write half equation at
negative terminal.

Write the formula of ions
which are moved to positive
terminal.

Which is selectively
discharged?
Give a reason.

Half equation at positive
terminal

What will you observe at
negative and positive
terminal?

What will you observe to the
electrolyte?
Explain why?

Overall / Full ionic equation

Copper
electrode
Zinc electrode

Copper(II)sulphate
-3

48
Application of electrolysis

12. State the aimof electroplating of metal.

....

....

13. The principal of electroplating.
(a) The thing to be electroplating must be ...

(b) The electrolyte ....

(c) The anode ...

14. To electroplate the spoon with silver.

(a) Write the half equation at silver electrode.

..
(b) Write the half equation at iron spoon.

..
(c) State the observation at silver electrode.

..

(d) State the observation at the iron spoon.

..
(e) An even and lasting layer of metal is obtained if:

..

..

Silver electrode

Silver nitrate solution, 0.5 mol dm
-3
Iron spoon

49
15. Purification of metal.
(a) Things to be purified must be at ...

(b) The other electrode ...

(c) The electrolyte ..

The electrochemical series

16. The electrochemical series

..

..
17. The electrochemical series can be constructed based on;

(a) The potential difference between two metals, in voltaic cell. The higher the voltage value,

the

(b) The ability/ tendency of a metal to displace another metal fromits salt solution. A metal

which able to displace metal below it in

the series fromits salt solution.

PAPER 2: STRUCTURE

1. Diagram1 show the apparatus set-up used to electrolyze 0.1 mol dm
-3
of sodiumchloride solution using
carbon electrodes.

(a) Name electrodes X and Y.

....
[1 mark]

0.1 mol dm
-3
of sodium
chloride solution
Gas P
Gas Q
Electrode X Electrode Y
_
+
Diagram 1

50
(b) Write the formula of all ions present in the solution.

...
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Name gas P collected in the test tube.

..
[1 mark]
(ii) State a chemical test to confirmyour answer to (c)(i).

..
[1 mark]
(iii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at electrode X.

...
[1 mark]
(d) (i) Name gas Q collected in the test tube.

...
[1 mark]
(ii) State a chemical test to confirmyour answer to (d)(i).

..
[1 mark]
(iii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at electrode Y.

..
[1 mark]
(e) What difference will it make if the experiment is repeated by using 2 mol dm
-3
of sodium
chloride solution? Explain your answer.

..

..
[2 marks]

2. Diagram2 shows the apparatus set-up to carry out an electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulphate solution.

Diagram 2

(a) Write the formula of all the ions present in the copper(II) sulphate solution.

..
[1 mark]
Experiment I Experiment II
carbon
electrdes
copper
elecrodes
0.2 mol dm
-3
of
copper(II)
sulphate solution

51
(b) (i) Name the product produced at the anode in Experiment I.

..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at this electrode.

..
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Name the product produced at the anode in Experiment II.

..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a half equation for the reaction that takes place at this electrode.

..
[1 mark]

(d) (i) What happen to the intensity of the blue copper(II) sulphate solution in Experiment
I?

..
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (d) (i).

..
[1 mark]
(e) (i) What happen to the intensity of the blue copper(II) sulphate solution in Experiment
II?

..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (e) (i).

..

..
[1 mark]

3. Diagram3 shows a simple cell

Diagram 3
V
electrolyte
electrode X
electrode Y

52
Two different electrodes are immersed into an electrolyte. The voltage of the cell is recorded. The
experiment is repeated by using different pairs of electrode. Table 3 shows the results obtained. The
metals of which electrodes V, W, X, Y and Z are made of, for divalent ions.

Experiment Pairs of electrodes Positive terminal Negative terminal Voltage/V
1 X / Y Y X 0.70
2 X / Z X Z 1.05
3 X / W X W 1.55
4 Y / V V Y 0.50
Table 3

(a) Suggest a suitable electrolyte for the above experiments.

...
[1 mark]
(b) State the direction of the flow of electrons in Experiment 1 which used electrodes X and Y.

....
[1 mark]
(c) Write half equation for the reaction that takes place at the negative terminal in Experiment 2 which
used electrodes X and Z.

....
[1 mark]
(d) State a hypothesis for the above experiments.

..
[1 mark]
(e) Arrange the metals V, W, X, Y and Z in decreasing order in the Electrochemistry Series.

....
[1 mark]
(f) A chemical cell is set-up using electrodes Z and V.
(i) State the negative terminal of the cell.

...
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the voltage of the cell.

[1 mark]
(g) (i) State the pair of electrodes that will give the highest voltage reading.

..
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the voltage of the cell.

[1 mark]


53
PAPER 2 : ESSAY

4. (a) Ethanoic acid solution is electrolysed by using platinumelectrode. What is produced at
the cathode? Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at the cathode.
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram4 shows Cell X and Cell Y.

Diagram 4

Cell X is a chemical cell while cell Y is an electrolytic cell. Compare cell X and cell Y.
[8 marks]
(c) A student wants to purify an impure copper plate by the process of electrolysis. Design an experiment in
the laboratory to purify the impure copper plate.
Your answer should include the following:
materials and apparatus needed
a diagramwith the arrangement of apparatus
the procedure
observation
chemical equation involved
[10 marks]

PAPER 3 : STRUCTURE

5. A student carries out an experiment to study the potential difference between two types of
different metals. The apparatus arrangement used is shown in Diagram5.

V
copper(II)
nitrate
Copper plate copper electrode Zinc plate
Cell X Cell Y
copper(II) nitrate
iron plate
iron plate
zinc plate
V
Before experiment
V
After experiment
Zinc plate
Diagram 5


54
(a) State the observation and inference involved in the experiment in the table below.

Metal plate Observation Inference
Zinc

Iron

(b) The student repeated the experiment by replacing the iron metal with copper metal,
aluminiummetal and magnesiummetal.

Table 5 shows the voltage reading obtained fromthe metal pairs.

Metal pairs Negative terminal Positive terminal Voltage/V
Zinc iron Zinc Iron 0.4
Zinc copper Zinc Copper 1.1
Zinc almunium Aluminium Zinc 0.8
Zinc magnesium Magnesium Zinc 1.4
Table 5

Based on the information above, complete the table below.

Type of variables Action to be taken
(i) Manipulated variables :

___________________________

(i) Way to change the manipulated variables :

_________________________________

(ii) Responding variables :

___________________________

(ii) How do these variables respond:

_________________________________

(iii) Constant variables :

___________________________

(iii) Way to fix the constant variables :

_________________________________

[6 marks]

(c) State the hypothesis of the experiment

..

(d) If the experiment is repeated by using lead metal to replace iron metal, predict the possible
reading recorded by the voltmeter.

..


55
6. Diagram6 shows two set-up apparatus used to electrolyzed 0.001 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric acid and
1.0 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric acid by using carbon electrodes.

Diagram 6

(a) State a suitable hypothesis for the experiment.

..

(b) State all the variables involved in the experiment
(i) Manipulated variable

..
(ii) Responding variable

..
(iii) Constant variables

..

(c) Write the observations at the anode and cathode for both sets of experiment.

Electrolyte

Terminal
Set 1 ( 0.001 mol dm
-3

hydrochloric acid )
Set 2 ( 1.0 mol dm
-3

hydrochloric acid )
Anode

Cathode

(d) Write half-equation for the discharge of ions at anode for Set 1 and Set 2.

..

.....
Carbon
electrode
0.001 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric
acid
1.0 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric
acid

56
(e) Predict the observation at the anode and cathode when 0.0001 mol dm
-3
potassium
nitrate solution is electrolysed.

..

..

PAPER 3 : ESSAY

7. Concentration of ions used during electrolysis affects the product of electrolysis at the anode.
Using sodiumchloride solution, describe an experiment to prove the above statement.
Your answer should include:

(a) Problemstatement
(b) Hypothesis
(c) Variables
(d) Materials and apparatus used
(e) Procedure of the experiment
(f) Tabulation of data

.
8. You are given the copper strip, lead strip, iron strip, zinc strip, aluminiumstrip, magnesiumstrip and
copper(II) sulphate solution.Referring to the statement above, plan a laboratory experiment to construct the
electrochemical series of the potential differences using different pair of metals.

Your explanation should include all the followings:

(a) Aimof the experment
(b) All the variables
(c ) Statement of the hypothesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus
(e) Procedure of the experiment
(f) Tabulation of data

[ 17 marks ]

The further the distance between two metals in the
electrochemical series, the bigger the potential difference

Chemistry Ps Set 3

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Chemistry Ps Set 3

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Set 3 Electrochemistry Perfect Score F4 2010

Chemistry Perfect Score Module Form 4 2010 Set 3

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