TOO/SO v ETHER/NETHER

Hai cp t TOO/SO v ETHER/NETHER rt thng c dng trong vn ni. Tuy nhin, nhiu ngi hoc
cm thy kh phn bit cch dng mi t sao cho ng. Bi ny chng ta s hoc v 4 t c bit ny.
TOO/SO, ETHER/NETHER tt c u c chung ngha l "cng", nhng ETHER/NETHER mang ngha
ph jnh, tc l "cng khng"
* TOO/SO: cp ny ch dng cho cu mang ngha khng nh.
- TOO: dng cui cu.
+ A: LOVE YOU. (anh yu em)
+ B: LOVE YOU, TOO. (em cng yu anh)
- SO: lun ng u cu v n phi mn tr ng t ph hp i lin sau n v ng lin trc ch ng.
-- VD 1:
+ A: LOVE ENGLSH. (ti yu thch ting Anh)
+ B: SO DO .(ti cng vy) (do cu A ni dng hin tai on phi ng t thng, do tr ng t l DO
cho ch ng l )
--VD 2:
+ A: AM A STUDENT. (ti l sinh vin)
+ B: SO S MY YOUNGER BROTHER (em trai ti cng vy). (do cu ngi ni trc dng AM, nn phi
mng S ng sao SO cho hp vi MY YOUNGER BROTHER, l danh t s t)
-- VD 3:
+ A: WENT TO LE HONG PHONG HGH SCHOOL. (ti hoc trng L Hng Phong)
+ B: SO DD . (ti cng vy) (v cu ngi ni trc dng th qu kh on, nn tr ng t tong ng t
sau SO phi l DD)
--VD 4:
+ A: HAVE BEEN TO THALAND. (ti c i Thi Lan)
+ B: SO HAVE . (ti cng vy) (Do cu ngi ni trc dng th hin tai hon thnh nn tr ng t cn
mn t sau SO phi l HAVE)
* EITE!/"EITE!: cp ny ch dng #$ong cu mang ngha ph% nh
- ETHER: ng cui cu.
A: DON'T LKE FSH. (ti khng thch c)
B: DON'T, ETHER. (ti cng khng)
- NETHER ng u cu, mn tr ng t, tr ng t ng lin sau NETHER v ng lin trc Ch
ng.
A: DON'T LKE FSH. (ti khng thch c)
B: NETHER DO . (ti cng khng)
CU TRC SO...THAT
Cu trc ny rt ph bin, cho php ban t cu phc gm 2 mnh , mnh trc THAT v mnh
sau THAT. Cu trc ny c ngha l QU...N N ...
* &'"( T)&:
...SO + TNH T hoc TRANG T + THAT + Ch ng + Vj Ng.
* *+ ,-:
+ T.nh #/ 0ng 1au kh2ng c3 danh #/: kh4 dng #.nh #/ #h5 #$67c SO ph84 9 TO :E (AM/S/ARE hay
WAS/WERE hay HAS BEEN. HAVE BEEN hay HAD BEEN)
- HE S SO RCH THAT HE CAN AFFORD TO BUY HS OWN ARPLANE. (Anh y giu n ni anh y c
th mua ni my bay ring).
- THAT MAN S SO FAT THAT HE CAN'T WALK. (ngi n ng y mp n ni khng th i lai c)
+ T.nh #/ 0ng 1au c3 danh #/: khi ng sau tnh t c danh t th thng l trc SO l ng t HAVE
(c)
- HE HAS SO MUCH MONEY HE CAN AFFORD TO BUY HS OWN ARPLANE (anh y c nhiu tin n
ni anh y c th mua my bay ring)
- HE HAS SO MANY CHLDREN THAT HE CANNOT REMEMBER THER NAMES (anh y c nhiu con
n mc anh y khng th nh ht tn ca chng)
+ T$;ng #/: kh4 dng #$;ng #/ 1au SO #<c 9 #$67c SO ph84 9 =ng #/ >#$;ng #/ ?@ ngha cho =ng
#/A
- HE SPEAKS ENGLSH SO WELL THAT THOUGHT HE WAS A NATVE SPEAKER.(anh y ni ting Anh
hay n ni ti tng anh y l ngi bn x)
- LOVE YOU SO MUCH THAT CAN DE FOR YOU (anh yu em nhiu n mc anh c th cht v em)
(MUCH c th va l tnh t va l trang t)
CU TRC ...TOO ... TO ...
Tua nh cu trc ...SO ...THAT ..., cu trc ny cng c ngha l "qu ...n ni" nhng m l "...qu
khng th...c" hoc "...qu .......". Thng th cu trc ...TOO...TO mang ngha tiu cuc, c ni dung
khng c ngi ni tn thnh. Ct li ca cu trc ny l t TOO, nm trong cu trc ny c ngha l
QU. ("qu" theo kiu "thi qu", m phm nhng g thi qu u khng tt).

* &'"( T)&:
...TOO + TNH T hoc TRANG T + TO + ONG T NGUYN MU
* *+ ,-:
B T.nh #/:
- HE S TOO YOUNG TO GET MARRED. (anh y qu tr kt hn)
- THS COFFEE S TOO HOT TO DRNK. (ly c ph ny qu nng khng th ung c)
B T$;ng #/: Khi sau TOO l trang t th ngi ta thng khng cn TO... cng ngha.
- YOU WORK TOO HARD (anh lm vic qu vt v --m nh vy l khng tt...)
* C6u D: ngay c khi sau TOO l tnh t, ngi ta cng khng nht thit phi c TO...
- THS HOUSE S TOO EXPENSVE (cn nh ny qu t tin).
- WHEN A QUESTON SEEMS TOO EASY, T MAY BE A TRAP. (khi cu hi c v qu d th n c th l
mt ci by).
ShE 41 u1Ed #o gE##4ng up 9a#E 4n co9d FEa#hE$.
5nh #h<c ngG phHp : &Iu #$Jc cu K#o ?E u1Ed #o B *L4ng K >Th34 MuEn N h4On #;4A.
P. &hJng #a hQy Muan 1H# cu 1au. Cc ban hy di chut vo tng t mt bit th loai t ca
t trong cu: (Cc ban cng c th kch chut 2 ln vo 1 t bit thm chi tit v t )
ShE 41 u1Ed #o gE##4ng up 9a#E 4n co9d FEa#hE$.
R. T;4 1ao cu #$Sn 9;4 dch nh6 TUyV
- "she - dch 9 n3/ ? Iy/ ch Iy/ c2 IyW l ai t nhn xng ch ng (subect pronoun) (cn goi
l ai t nhn xng) thng ng vj tr ch ng trong cu.
- "41 u1Ed #o gE##4ng up 9a#E - quen vi vic dy tr. y l ng t (verb) ca cu. Trong "41
u1Ed #o l tr ng t (auxiliary) v "gE##4ng up l ng t chnh ca cu (main verb). Cu trc
cu "#o ?E u1Ed #o B *L4ng din t mt thi quen hin tai, mt vic g quen thuc khng
cn xa la hay mi na., Cu trc ny bng vi cu trc "gE# u1Ed #o B * X4ng v khc vi cu
trc "u1Ed #o B * >nguySn #hYA din t mt vic xy ra v kt thc qu kh. ng t "get
up c ngha l ng dy/ ng dy ...
- "9a#E va c hnh thc tnh t va l trang t. y "late l trang t c dng b ngha
cho ng t "get up, "late c ngha l chm / mun/ tr...
- "4n l gii t ch noi chn, khng gian c ngha l / tai/ trong..
- "co9d FEa#hE$ thi tit lanh. Tnh t "cold lanh/ lanh lo/ ngui lanh.... c dng b
ngha cho danh t "eather c ngha l thi tit.
Djch c cu l : &2 Iy #h6Zng dUy mu=n kh4 #$Z4 9;nh.
Cch dng ca cu trc used to..
1.USED TO : ( tng !
C"ng th#c :
S $ USED TO $ %&'.
- ch hnh ng xy ra qu kh m by gi khng cn na
! u"#$ %& "m&k# ' %i %(ng h)% %hu*c + by gi khng cn h)% na ,
-h#r# u"#$ %& b# a ri.#r h#r# ' %(ng c/ m% c&n "ng y
(.)E*+ET USED TO (,uen !
C-&+ T./C :
S (ng012 ! $ +ET*)E $ USED TO $ 3%&+ *&
$in %0 m% r1ng ch2 %( qu#n .3i "4 .i5c
/
! am u"#$ %& g#%%ing u6 7a%# &n 8un$ay" '
%i qu#n $9y %r .& ch2 nh9%
! am u"#$ %& c&7$ :#a%h#r
' %i qu#n .3i %hi %i;% 7<nh
=>ng g#% khi ch
m% qu %r?nh qu#n $@n $@n
=&nA% :&rry B y&u :i77 g#% u"#$
%& 7i.# h#r# "&&n ' (ng 7& b<n "C "3m qu#n .3i .i5c "*ng y
%hi
4.)E USED TO (506c s7 d8ng 59 !
C"ng th#c :
S ( thong :; <=t !$
)E $ USED TO $ %&'.
y 7 %h bD ng
c2a ng %( u"# .3i nghEa 7 ' "F $Gng
H kniI# i" u"#$ %& cu% %h# cak# ' m% c&n
$a& JKc "F $Gng cL% bnh
UNIT 57: Verb + -ing or to (3)
A
ke
ove
hate
can't bear
en|oy
dske
mnd
can't stand}
Nhng ng t v thnh ng ny u c ngha "thch" hay "khng thch" ("ke" or "not ke")
Chng thung uoc dng theo sau bo -ng:
Ann hates yng.
Why do you dske vng here?
I dont ke peope shoutng at me. (=I don't ke beng shouted at)
Sau cc ng t ove, hate v cant bear, ban cng c the dng to... V vy ban c the n:
I ove meetng peope. or I ove to meet peope.
She cant bear beng aone. or She cant bear to be aone.
Nhung sau cc ng t en|oy/dske/mnd/cant stand, chng ta ch uoc dng -ng (khng c
to...):
I en|oy beng aone. (khng n 'I en|oy to be')
Tom doesnt mnd workng at nght. (khng n 'mnd to work')
B. Like
Ban c the n "I ke dong somethng" hay "I ke to do somethng" (t thch m vc g ).
Thung khng c su khc bt no kh dng an ha cau trc trn:
I ke gettng up eary. or I ke to get up eary.
Trong teng Anh Anh (Brtsh Engsh), kh c su khc nhau ga "I ke dong" v "I ke to
do":
"I ke dong somethng" c ngha "T thch m vc g " ("I en|oy t")
Do you ke cookng? (=do you en|oy t?)
I ke vng here. (=I en|oy t)
"I ke to do somethng" c ngha "T ngh mt vc tot cn m hay ph m" ("I
thnk t s good or rght to do t")
I ke to cean the ktchen as often as possbe. (Ths doesn't mean that I en|oy t; t means that
I thnk t s a good thng to do)
Mary kes peope to be on tme.
C. Woud, ke/woud, ove/woud, hate/woud prefer thung uoc theo sau bo 'to (nntve)'
I woud ke to be rch.
Woud you ke to come to dnner on Frday?
Id ove (=woud ove) to be abe to trave round the word.
Woud you prefer to have dnner now or ate?
So snh I like v I woul like:
I ke payng/to pay tenns. (=I en|oy t n genera)
I woud ke to pay tenns today. (=I want to pay today)
Luu rng woul !in uoc theo sau bo -ng (khng c 'to'...)
Woud you mnd cosng the door, pease?
". Ban c the n "I woud ke to have done somethng" v ngha : By g t tec t
khng m hay khng the m uoc u . (= I regret now that I ddn't or coudn't do
somethng)
Its a pty we ddnt see Va when we were n London. I woud ke to have seen her agan.
Wed ke to have gone on hoday but we ddnt have enough money.
Ban c the dng mt cau trc tuong tu sau woud ove/woud hate/woud prefer:
Poor od Tom! I woud hate to have been n hs poston.
Id ove to have gone to the party but t was mpossbe.