A National Level Paper Presentation

On
GRID COMPUTING
At
SPURTHI
Submitted by
B.V. Subrahmanyam J. Sarath Chandra
E-ail! veeramanimail@gmail.com E-ail! sarath."an#$%&mail.'om
Branch of Computer Science and Engineering
(udlavalleru En&ineerin& Colle&e
(udlavalleru-)*#+),

#
Abs t ract
(r i d 'omput i n&- emer &i n& as a ne. par adi &m / or ne0t -
&ener at i on 'omput i n&- enabl es t he s har i n&- s el e't i on- and
a&&r e&at i on o/ &eo&r aphi 'al l y di s t r i but ed het er o&eneous r es our 'es
/ or s ol vi n& l ar &e- s 'al e pr obl ems i n s 'i en'e- en&i neer i n&- and
'ommer 'e. 1he r es our 'es i n t he (r i d ar e het er o&eneous and
&eo&r aphi 'al l y di s t r i but ed. Avai l abi l i t y- us a&e and 'os t pol i 'i es
var y dependi n& on t he par t i 'ul ar us er- t i me- pr i or i t i es and &oal s .
2 t enabl es t he r e&ul at i on o/ s uppl y and demand / or r es our 'es .
2 t pr ovi des an i n'ent i ve / or r es our 'e o.ner s t o par t i 'i pat e
i n t he (r i d3 and mot i vat es t he us er s t o t r ade- o/ / bet .een
deadl i ne- bud&et - and t he r e4ui r ed l evel o/ 4ual i t y o/ s er vi 'e. 1he
t hes i s demons t r at es t he 'apabi l i t y o/ e'onomi '- bas ed s ys t ems / or
.i de- ar ea par al l el and di s t r i but ed 'omput i n& by devel opi n& us er s 5
4ual i t y- o/ - s er vi 'e r e4ui r ement s - bas ed s 'hedul i n& s t r at e&i es -
al &or i t hms - and s ys t ems . 2 t demons t r at es t hei r e/ / e't i venes s by
per / or mi n& s 'hedul i n& e0per i ment s on t he 6or l d- 6i de (r i d / or
s ol vi n& par amet er s .eep7t as 8 and dat a par al l el 7appl i 'at i ons .
1hi s paper / o'us es on i nt r odu't i on- &r i d de/ i ni t i on. 2 t 'over s
about &r i d 'har a't er i s t i 's - t ypes o/ &r i ds and an e0ampl e
des 'r i bi n& a 'ommuni t y &r i d model . 2 t &i ves an over vi e. o/ &r i d
t ool s - var i ous 'omponent s - advant a&es / ol l o.ed by 'on'l us i on.
1. I NTRODUCTI ON:
*
1hi s 1he (r i d uni t es s er ver s and s t or a&e i nt o a s i n&l e
s ys t em t hat a't s as a s i n&l e 'omput er - al l your appl i 'at i ons t ap
i nt o al l your 'omput i n& po.er. 9ar d.ar e r es our 'es ar e / ul l y
ut i l i :ed and s pi 8es i n demand ar e met .i t h eas e. 1hi s 6eb s i t e
s pons or ed by Or a'l e br i n&s you t he r es our 'es you need t o
eval uat e your or &ani :at i on; s adopt i on o/ &r i d t e'hnol o&i es . 1he
(r i d i s r eady .hen you ar e.
2. THE GRI D:
1he (r i d i s t he 'omput i n& and dat a mana&ement
i n/ r as t r u't ur e t hat .i l l pr ovi de t he el e't r oni ' under pi nni n& / or a
&l obal s o'i et y i n bus i nes s - &over nment - r es ear 'h- s 'i en'e and
ent er t ai nment - i nt e&r at e net .or 8i n&- 'ommuni 'at i on- 'omput at i on
and i n/ or mat i on t o pr ovi de a vi r t ual pl at / or m / or 'omput at i on and
dat a mana&ement i n t he s ame .ay t hat t he 2 nt er net i nt e&r at es
r es our 'es t o / or m a vi r t ual pl at / or m / or i n/ or mat i on. 1he (r i d i s
t he 'omput i n& and dat a mana&ement i n/ r as t r u't ur e t hat .i l l
pr ovi de t he el e't r oni '. (r i d i n/ r as t r u't ur e .i l l pr ovi de us .i t h
t he abi l i t y t o dynami 'al l y l i n8 t o&et her r es our 'es as an ens embl e
t o s uppor t t he e0e'ut i on o/ l ar &e- s 'al e- r es our 'e- i nt ens i ve- and
di s t r i but ed appl i 'at i ons .
(r i d i s a t ype o/ par al l el and di s t r i but ed s ys t em t hat enabl es
t he s har i n&- s el e't i on- and a&&r e&at i on o/ &eo&r aphi 'al l y
di s t r i but ed < aut onomous < r es our 'es dynami 'al l y at r unt i me
dependi n& on t hei r avai l abi l i t y- 'apabi l i t y- per / or man'e- 'os t - and
us er s ; 4ual i t y- o/ - s er vi 'e r e4ui r ement s .
+. GRI D COMPUTI NG CHARACTERSTI CS .
An ent er pr i s e- 'omput i n& &r i d i s 'har a't er i :ed by t hr ee pr i mar y
/ eat ur es -
=i ver s i t y3
=e'ent r al i :at i on3 and
=ynami s m
Di ver s i t y :
+
A t ypi 'al 'omput i n& &r i d 'ons i s t s o/ many hundr eds o/
mana&ed r es our 'es o/ var i ous 8i nds i n'l udi n& s er ver s - s t or a&e-
=at abas e Ser ver s - Appl i 'at i on Ser ver s - Ent er pr i s e Appl i 'at i ons -
and s ys t em s er vi 'es l i 8e =i r e't or y Ser vi 'es - Se'ur i t y and 2 dent i t y
ana&ement Ser vi 'es - and ot her s . ana&i n& t hes e r es our 'es and
t hei r l i / e 'y'l e i s a 'ompl e0 'hal l en&e.
Decent r al i z at i on:
1r adi t i onal di s t r i but ed s ys t ems have t ypi 'al l y been mana&ed
/ r om a 'ent r al admi ni s t r at i on poi nt . A 'omput i n& &r i d / ur t her
'ompounds t hes e 'hal l en&es
s i n'e t he r es our 'es 'an be even mor e de'ent r al i :ed and may be
&eo&r aphi 'al l y di s t r i but ed a'r os s many di / / er ent dat a 'ent er s
.i t hi n an ent er pr i s e.
Dynami s m:
Component s o/ a t r adi t i onal appl i 'at i on t ypi 'al l y r un i n a
s t at i ' envi r onment .i t hout t he needi n& t o addr es s r api dl y
'han&i n& demands . 2 n a 'omput i n& &r i d- ho.ever- t he s ys t ems and
appl i 'at i ons need t o be abl e t o / l e0i bl y adapt t o 'han&i n&
demand. >or i ns t an'e- .i t h t he l at e bi ndi n& nat ur e and 'r os s -
pl at / or m pr oper t i es o/ .eb s er vi 'es - an appl i 'at i on depl oyed on
t he &r i d may 'ons i s t o/ a 'ons t ant l y 'han&i n& s et o/ 'omponent s .
At di / / er ent poi nt s i n t i me- t hes e 'omponent s 'an be hos t ed on
di / / er ent nodes i n t he net .or 8. ana&i n& an appl i 'at i on i n s u'h a
dynami ' envi r onment 'an be a 'hal l en&i n& under t a8i n&.
4. A COMMUNI TY OF GRI D MODEL:
Over t he l as t de'ade- t he (r i d 'ommuni t y has be&un t o
'onver &e on a l ayer ed model t hat al l o.s devel opment o/ t he
'ompl e0 s ys t em o/ s er vi 'es and s o/ t .ar e r e4ui r ed t o i nt e&r at e
(r i d r es our 'es . 1he Communi t y (r i d odel ? a l ayer ed abs t r a't i on
o/ t he &r i d@ bei n& devel oped i n a l oos el y 'oor di nat ed manner
t hr ou&hout a'ademi a and t he 'ommer 'i al s e't or.
1he bot t om hor i :ont al l ayer o/ t he Communi t y (r i d odel
'ons i s t s o/ t he har d.ar e r es our 'es t hat under l i e t he (r i d. Su'h
r es our 'es i n'l ude 'omput er s - net .or 8s - dat a ar 'hi ves -
A
i ns t r ument s - vi s ual i :at i on devi 'es and s o on. or eover- t he
r es our 'e pool r epr es ent ed by t hi s l ayer i s hi &hl y dynami '- bot h as
a r es ul t o/ ne. r es our 'es bei n& added t o t he mi 0 and ol d
r es our 'es bei n& r et i r ed- and as a r es ul t o/ var yi n& obs er vabl e
per / or man'e o/ t he r es our 'es i n t he s har ed- mul t i - us er
envi r onment o/ t he (r i d.
Fi !r" 1! Layer ed ar 'hi t e't ur e o/ t he Communi t y (r i d odel .
1he ne0t hor i :ont al l ayer ? 'ommon i n/ r as t r u't ur e @ 'ons i s t s
o/ t he s o/ t .ar e s er vi 'es and s ys t ems - .hi 'h vi r t ual i :ed t he (r i d.
1he 8ey 'on'ept at t he 'ommon i n/ r as t r u't ur e l ayer i s 'ommuni t y
a&r eement on s o/ t .ar e- .hi 'h .i l l r epr es ent t he (r i d as a uni / i ed
vi r t ual pl at / or m and pr ovi de t he t ar &et / or mor e / o'us ed s o/ t .ar e
and appl i 'at i ons .
1he ne0t hor i :ont al l ayer ? us er and appl i 'at i on- / o'us ed
(r i d mi ddl e.ar e- t ool s and s er vi 'es @ 'ont ai ns s o/ t .ar e pa'8a&es
bui l t at op t he 'ommon i n/ r as t r u't ur e. 1hi s s o/ t .ar e s er ves t o
enabl e appl i 'at i ons t o mor e pr odu't i vel y us e (r i d r es our 'es by
mas 8i n& s ome o/ t he 'ompl e0i t y i nvol ved i n s ys t em a't i vi t i es
s u'h as aut hent i 'at i on- / i l e t r ans / er.
#. TYPES OF GRI D
(r i d 'omput i n& 'an be us ed i n a var i et y o/ .ays t o addr es s
var i ous 8i nds o/ appl i 'at i on r e4ui r ement s . O/ t en- &r i ds ar e
'at e&or i :ed by t he t ype o/ s ol ut i ons t hat t hey bes t addr es s . 1he
t hr ee pr i mar y t ypes o/ &r i ds ar e
)
Comput at i onal gr i d
A 'omput at i onal &r i d i s / o'us ed on s et t i n& as i de r es our 'es
s pe'i / i 'al l y / or 'omput i n& po.er. 2 n t hi s t ype o/ &r i d- mos t o/ t he
ma'hi nes ar e hi &h- per / or man'e s er ver s .
Scavengi ng gr i d
A s 'aven&i n& &r i d i s mos t 'ommonl y us ed .i t h l ar &e
number s o/ des 8t op ma'hi nes . a'hi nes ar e s 'aven&ed / or
avai l abl e CPB 'y'l es and ot her r es our 'es . O.ner s o/ t he des 8t op
ma'hi nes ar e us ual l y &i ven 'ont r ol over .hen t hei r r es our 'es ar e
avai l abl e t o par t i 'i pat e i n t he &r i d.
Dat a gr i d
A dat a &r i d i s r es pons i bl e / or hous i n& and pr ovi di n&
a''es s t o dat a a'r os s mul t i pl e or &ani :at i ons . Bs er s ar e not
'on'er ned .i t h .her e t hi s dat a i s l o'at ed as l on& as t hey have
a''es s t o t he dat a. >or e0ampl e- you may have t .o uni ver s i t i es
doi n& l i / e s 'i en'e r es ear 'h- ea'h .i t h uni 4ue dat a. A dat a &r i d
.oul d al l o. t hem t o s har e t hei r dat a- mana&e t he dat a- and
mana&e s e'ur i t y i s s ues s u'h as .ho has a''es s t o .hat dat a.
Anot her 'ommon di s t r i but ed 'omput i n& model t hat i s o/ t en
as s o'i at ed .i t h or 'on/ us ed .i t h (r i d 'omput i n& i s peer - t o- peer
'omput i n&. 2 n / a't - s ome 'ons i der t hi s i s anot her / or m o/ (r i d
'omput i n&.
$. GRI D COMPONENTS: A HI GH LE%EL PERSPECTI %E
=ependi n& on t he &r i d des i &n and i t s e0pe't ed us e- s ome o/
t hes e 'omponent s may or may not be r e4ui r ed- and i n s ome 'as es
t hey may be 'ombi ned t o / or m a hybr i d 'omponent .
6. 1. Por t al / us er i nt er f ace
J us t as a 'ons umer s ees t he po.er &r i d as a r e'ept a'l e i n
t he .al l - a &r i d us er s houl d not s ee al l o/ t he 'ompl e0i t i es o/ t he
'omput i n& &r i d. Al t hou&h t he us er i nt er / a'e 'an 'ome i n many
/ or ms and be appl i 'at i on- s pe'i / i '. A &r i d por t al pr ovi des t he
i nt er / a'e / or a us er t o l aun'h appl i 'at i ons t hat .i l l us e t he
,
r es our 'es and s er vi 'es pr ovi ded by t he &r i d. >r om t hi s
per s pe't i ve- t he us er s ees t he &r i d as a vi r t ual 'omput i n& r es our 'e
" us t as t he 'ons umer o/ po.er s ees t he r e'ept a'l e as an. i nt er / a'e
t o a vi r t ual &ener at or.
>i &ur e *! Pos s i bl e us er vi e. o/ a &r i d
6. 2. Secur i t y
A ma" or r e4ui r ement / or (r i d 'omput i n& i s s e'ur i t y. At t he
bas e o/ any &r i d envi r onment - t her e mus t be me'hani s ms t o
pr ovi de s e'ur i t y- i n'l udi n& aut hent i 'at i on- aut hor i :at i on- dat a
en'r ypt i on- and s o on. 1he (r i d Se'ur i t y 2 n/ r as t r u't ur e ? (S2 @
'omponent o/ t he (l obus 1ool 8i t pr ovi des r obus t s e'ur i t y
me'hani s ms . 1he (S2 i n'l udes an OpenSSL i mpl ement at i on. 2 t
al s o pr ovi des a s i n&l e s i &n- on me'hani s m- s o t hat on'e a us er i s
aut hent i 'at ed- a pr o0y 'er t i / i 'at e i s 'r eat ed and us ed .hen
per / or mi n& a't i ons .i t hi n t he &r i d. 6hen des i &ni n& your &r i d
envi r onment - you may us e t he (S2 s i &n- i n t o &r ant a''es s t o t he
por t al - or you may have your o.n s e'ur i t y / or t he por t al . 1he
por t al .i l l t hen be r es pons i bl e / or s i &ni n& i n t o t he &r i d- ei t her
us i n& t he us er ; s 'r edent i al s or us i n& a &ener i ' s et o/ 'r edent i al s
/ or al l aut hor i :ed us er s o/ t he por t al .
$

>i &ur e +! Se'ur i t y i n a &r i d envi r onment
6. 3. Br oer
On'e aut hent i 'at ed- t he us er .i l l be l aun'hi n& an
appl i 'at i on. Bas ed on t he appl i 'at i on- and pos s i bl y on ot her
par amet er s pr ovi ded by t he us er- t he ne0t s t ep i s t o i dent i / y t he
avai l abl e and appr opr i at e r es our 'es t o us e .i t hi n t he &r i d. 1hi s
t as 8 'oul d be 'ar r i ed out by a br o8er / un't i on. Al t hou&h t her e i s
no br o8er i mpl ement at i on pr ovi ded by (l obus - t her e i s an L=AP-
bas ed i n/ or mat i on s er vi 'e. 1hi s s er vi 'e i s 'al l ed t he (r i d
2 n/ or mat i on Ser vi 'e ? (2 S@ - or mor e 'ommonl y t he oni t or i n& and
=i s 'over y Ser vi 'e ? =S@ . 1hi s s er vi 'e pr ovi des i n/ or mat i on
about t he avai l abl e r es our 'es .i t hi n t he &r i d and t hei r s t at us . A
br o8er s er vi 'e 'oul d be devel oped t hat ut i l i :es =S.
>i &ur e A! Br o8er s er vi 'e
C
6. !. Sc"edul er
On'e t he r es our 'es have been i dent i / i ed- t he ne0t l o&i 'al
s t ep i s t o s 'hedul e t he i ndi vi dual " obs t o r un on t hem. 2 / s et s o/
s t and- al one " obs ar e t o be e0e'ut ed .i t h no i nt er dependen'i es -
t hen a s pe'i al i :ed s 'hedul er may not be r e4ui r ed. 9o.ever- i / you
.ant t o r es er ve a s pe'i / i ' r es our 'e or ens ur e t hat di / / er ent " obs
.i t hi n t he appl i 'at i on r un 'on'ur r ent l y ? / or i ns t an'e- i / t hey
r e4ui r e i nt er - pr o'es s 'ommuni 'at i on@ - t hen a " ob s 'hedul er s houl d
be us ed t o 'oor di nat e t he e0e'ut i on o/ t he " obs . 1he (l obus
1ool 8i t does not i n'l ude s u'h a s 'hedul er- but t her e ar e s ever al
s 'hedul er s avai l abl e t hat have been t es t ed .i t h and 'an be us ed i n
a (l obus &r i d envi r onment . 2 t s houl d al s o be not ed t hat t her e
'oul d be di / / er ent l evel s o/ s 'hedul er s .i t hi n a &r i d envi r onment .
>or i ns t an'e- a 'l us t er 'oul d be r epr es ent ed as a s i n&l e r es our 'e.
1he 'l us t er may have i t s o.n s 'hedul er t o hel p mana&e t he nodes
i t 'ont ai ns . A hi &her - l evel s 'hedul er ? s omet i mes 'al l ed a met a
s 'hedul er @ mi &ht be us ed t o s 'hedul e .or 8 t o be done on a
'l us t er - .hi l e t he 'l us t er ; s s 'hedul er .oul d handl e t he a't ual
s 'hedul i n& o/ .or 8 on t he 'l us t er ; s i ndi vi dual nodes .

>i &ur e )! S'hedul er
D
6. #. Dat a management
2 / any dat a - - i n'l udi n& appl i 'at i on modul es - - mus t be
moved or made a''es s i bl e t o t he nodes .her e an appl i 'at i on; s
" obs .i l l e0e'ut e- t hen t her e needs t o be a s e'ur e and r el i abl e
met hod / or movi n& / i l es and dat a t o var i ous nodes .i t hi n t he
&r i d. 1he (l obus 1ool 8i t 'ont ai ns a dat a mana&ement 'omponent
t hat pr ovi des s u'h s er vi 'es . 1hi s 'omponent - 8no. as (r i d A''es s
t o Se'ondar y St or a&e ? (ASS@ - i n'l udes / a'i l i t i es s u'h as
(r i d>1P. (r i d>1P i s bui l t on t op o/ t he s t andar d >1P pr ot o'ol -
but adds addi t i onal / un't i ons and ut i l i :es t he (S2 / or us er
aut hent i 'at i on and aut hor i :at i on. 1her e/ or e- on'e a us er has an
aut hent i 'at ed pr o0y 'er t i / i 'at e- he 'an us e t he (r i d>1P / a'i l i t y t o
move / i l es .i t hout havi n& t o &o t hr ou&h a l o&i n pr o'es s t o ever y
node i nvol ved. 1hi s / a'i l i t y pr ovi des t hi r d- par t y / i l e t r ans / er s o
t hat one node 'an i ni t i at e a / i l e t r ans / er bet .een t .o ot her nodes .

>i &ur e ,! =at a mana&ement
6. 6. $o% and r es our ce management
6i t h al l t he ot her / a'i l i t i es .e have " us t di s 'us s ed i n pl a'e-
.e no. &et t o t he 'or e s et o/ s er vi 'es t hat hel p per / or m a't ual
.or 8 i n a &r i d envi r onment . 1he (r i d Ees our 'e Al l o'at i on
ana&er ? (EA@ pr ovi des t he s er vi 'es t o a't ual l y l aun'h a " ob
on a par t i 'ul ar r es our 'e- 'he'8 i t s s t at us - and r et r i eve i t s r es ul t s
.hen i t i s 'ompl et e.
#F

>i &ur e $! (r am
6. & $o% f l o' i n a gr i d envi r onment
Enabl i n& an appl i 'at i on / or a &r i d envi r onment - i t i s
i mpor t ant t o 8eep i n mi nd t hes e 'omponent s and ho. t hey r el at e
and i nt er a't .i t h one anot her. =ependi n& on your &r i d
i mpl ement at i on and appl i 'at i on r e4ui r ement s - t her e ar e many
.ays i n .hi 'h t hes e pi e'es 'an be put t o&et her t o 'r eat e a
s ol ut i on.
&. AD%ANTAGES
(r i d 'omput i n& i s about &et t i n& 'omput er s t o .or 8 t o&et her.
Al mos t ever y or &ani :at i on i s s i t t i n& on t op o/ enor mous - unus ed
'omput i n& 'apa'i t y- .i del y di s t r i but ed. ai n/ r ames ar e i dl e AFG
o/ t he t i me 6i t h (r i d 'omput i n&- bus i nes s es 'an opt i mi :e
'omput i n& and dat a r es our 'es - pool t hem / or l ar &e 'apa'i t y
.or 8l oads - s har e t hem a'r os s net .or 8s - and enabl e 'ol l abor at i on.
any 'ons i der (r i d 'omput i n& t he ne0t l o&i 'al s t ep i n t he
evol ut i on o/ t he 2 nt er net - and mat ur i n& s t andar ds and a dr op i n
t he 'os t o/ band.i dt h ar e / uel i n& t he moment um .e; r e
e0per i en'i n& t oday. Vi r t ual i :at i on o/ t he 'omput i n& envi r onment .
'. CHANLLANGES OF GRI D
##
A .or d o/ 'aut i on s houl d be &i ven t o t he over l y
ent hus i as t i '. 1he &r i d i s not a s i l ver bul l et t hat 'an t a8e any
appl i 'at i on and r un i t a #FFF t i mes / as t er .i t hout t he need / or
buyi n& any mor e ma'hi nes or s o/ t .ar e. Not ever y appl i 'at i on i s
s ui t abl e or enabl ed / or r unni n& on a &r i d. Some 8i nds o/
appl i 'at i ons s i mpl y 'annot be par al l el i :ed. >or ot her s - i t 'an t a8e
a l ar &e amount o/ .or 8 t o modi / y t hem t o a'hi eve / as t er
t hr ou&hput . 1he 'on/ i &ur at i on o/ a &r i d 'an &r eat l y a/ / e't t he
per / or man'e- r el i abi l i t y- and s e'ur i t y o/ an or &ani :at i on; s
'omput i n& i n/ r as t r u't ur e. >or al l o/ t hes e r eas ons - i t i s i mpor t ant
/ or us t o under s t and ho. / ar t he &r i d has evol ved t oday and .hi 'h
/ eat ur es ar e 'omi n& t omor r o. or i n t he di s t ant / ut ur e
(. CONCLUSI ON
(r i d 'omput i n& i nt r odu'es a ne. 'on'ept t o 2 1
i n/ r as t r u't ur es be'aus e i t s uppor t s di s t r i but ed 'omput i n& over a
net .or 8 o/ het er o&eneous r es our 'es and i s enabl ed by open
s t andar ds . (r i d 'omput i n& .or 8s t o opt i mi :e under ut i l i :ed
r es our 'es - de'r eas e 'api t al e0pendi t ur es - and r edu'e t he t ot al 'os t
o/ o.ner s hi p. 1hi s s ol ut i on e0t ends beyond dat a pr o'es s i n& and
i nt o i n/ or mat i on mana&ement as .el l . 2 n/ or mat i on i n t hi s 'ont e0t
'over s dat a i n dat abas es - / i l es - and s t or a&e devi 'es . 2 n t hi s
ar t i 'l e- .e out l i ne pot ent i al pr obl ems and t he means o/ s ol vi n&
t hem i n a di s t r i but ed envi r onment . .
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