General Motors:

- General motors (GM) structure was decentralized.

- They brought in the concept of organization structures based on Business units.
- GM was based on many business units (some through acquisitions) like BUIC, CHEVY, OYM,
CADILLAC, PONTAC).
- For each of Business units, GM appointed a General Manager who was like a CEO of that particular
business unit.
- Till 2006 or so GM was the highest producer of Cars.
- GMs organization structure was more based on output i.e. various Product divisions.
Ford:
- Ford had pioneered the Vertical Integration model. Over a period of years, they had acquired mines
and Steel plants and integrated with their production/supply chain.
- Fords was a functional organization structure.
- Fords structure was grouped with Inputs. i.e on the basis of functional inputs