Biomechanic Of

Spine
Heri Sutanto
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Biomechanics of the Spine & Hip
Movements of Spine
Flexion, Rotation, Extension, Abd, Add.
Hip Movements
Elevation, Anterior & Posterior Tilt, Flexion, Extension,
Abd, Add, Hyperext, Hyperflex
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Spinal Deviations
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Forces Acting On The Spine
Forces Acting On The Spine Include:
Body Weight
Tension In The Spinal Ligaments
Tension In The Surrounding Muscles
Intraabdominal Pressure
The Major Form Of Loading On The Spine
Is:
Axial
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Upright Position
Spinal Compression
Resulting From:
Body Weight + Weight Held
by Arms and Hands
When Standing Upright
Total Body Center of Gravity
Is Anterior to the Spinal
Column.
Spine Is Placed Under
Constant Forward Bending
Moment.

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Loads on the Spine
Because the spine is
curved, body weight,
acting vertically, has
components of both
compression (F
c
) and
shear (F
s
) at most
motion segments.
F
c

F
s

wt
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Loads on the Spine
During lifting, both
compression and
anterior shear act on
the spine. Tension in
the spinal ligaments
and muscles
contributes to
compression.
Muscle
tension
Shear
reaction
force
Compression
reaction force
Joint
center
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Sample Problem 1
How much tension
must be developed
by the erector spinae
with a moment arm
of 6cm from L5-S1
joint center to
maintain the body in
the position shows
on your right?
Given that
Head : 58 N Arms : 81 N
Trunk : 328 N Box : 111 N
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Loads on the Spine
Lumbar hyperextension can create a bending
load (moment) in the posterior direction.
compression
tension
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Loads on the Spine
hyperextension
Lumbar hyperextension
produces compressive
loads at the facet joints.
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Loads on the Spine
Spinal rotation generates shear stress in the intervertebral discs.
Superior view Lateral view
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Human Posture When Lifting
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Common Injuries
Low back pain
Soft tissue Injuries
Acute fractures
Stress Fracture spondylolysis (fracture
in vertebral neural arch)
Disc herniation
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Thanks....
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Fungsi facet joint?
Knp hyperex bs terjadi?