Chap 5 Capacitor and Dielectric Slide

Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
Capacitor is two conductor with the same

magnitude of charge, one of them have
positive charge and the other conductor
have negative charge.
One of the most function of capacitor is
that capacitor can be used for storing
electric charge or electric energy
C
C
APA
APA
C
C
ITOR
ITOR
Suppose one conductor in capacitor have +Q
Suppose one conductor in capacitor have +Q
charge and the other have
charge and the other have
Q charge.
Q charge.
+Q
-Q
Is the ability of capacitor for storing
Is the ability of capacitor for storing
electric charge/energy
electric charge/energy
C
C
APA
APA
C
C
ITAN
ITAN
CE
CE
(C)
(C)
If the value of C increase then energy/charge that
be stored by capacitor is increase too.
The dimention of capacitance is
farad or F
Example : C = 0,0001 F
Capacitance
Capacitance
( C )
( C )
is defined by
is defined by
Q
Q
is magnitude of charge at c
is magnitude of charge at c
apa
apa
c
c
itor
itor
V
V
is potential difference between two conductor at
is potential difference between two conductor at
capacitor
capacitor
r
r
so
so
C
C
>
>
0
0
Q
C = atau Q = C V
V
There are three kid of capacitor according to the
There are three kid of capacitor according to the
form of capacitor
form of capacitor

Parallel Plane capacitor
Parallel Plane capacitor

Silindrical capacitor
Silindrical capacitor

Spherical capacitor
Spherical capacitor
Now we calculate capacitance of this three
capacitor
Parallel plane Capacitor

Contain two parallel plane
Contain two parallel plane

Asum
Asum
tion
tion
:
:
-
-
Plane area
Plane area
(A) >>
(A) >>
distance between plane
distance between plane
( d )
( d )
-
-
Electric field between two plane
Electric field between two plane
is constant
is constant
( E )
( E )
d
- Q
+Q
0 d x
+Q -Q
A
E
Q
E = i [ N/C]
A
o
r )
Electric potential difference
Electric potential difference
V
V
can be found by
can be found by
( 2 )
2 1
( 1 )
V = V - V = - E d r
r
r
So that
o
V = d
di mana = Q/A muatan per satuan luas

o
o
E = i [ N/C]
r )
- Q
+Q
0 d x
E
o
Q
E = i [ N/C]
A
o
r )
-
+
0 d x
E
d
o 2 1
0
o o o

E dr = dx V -V dx - d

= =
r
r
O
A
C =
d
Capacitance is not dependence on charge (Q ) and
potential difference (V)
Capacitance depend on the dimention of capacitor
( A ), ( d ) and material that filled capacitor (
o
).
Capacitance of parallel plane capacitor is
Capacitance of parallel plane capacitor is
Silindrical Capacitor
Contain 2 silindris with the same lenght and
Contain 2 silindris with the same lenght and
cocentris
cocentris
We put 2 thin silindris
We put 2 thin silindris
wuth radii
wuth radii
a
a
and
and
b ( a <
b ( a <
b ).
b ).
a
L
b
L
Put little
Put little
silind
silind
ris is given +Q charge and big
ris is given +Q charge and big
silindris with
silindris with
Q charge
Q charge
+Q
- Q
b
a
o
o
Q 1
E = r di mana r diukur dari sumbu silinder
2 L r
r
)
E
Electric Potential difference between two silindris
Electric Potential difference between two silindris
is
is
(2)
2 1 o
(1)
V=V -V =- E dr
r
r
b
o b a
o o o
a
Q 1 Q 1 Q b
E dr = dr V -V dr - ln( )
2 L r 2 L r 2 L a
= =
r
r
o
Q b
V l n ( )
2 L a
=
Capacitance of silindrical capacitor is
Capacitance of silindrical capacitor is
o
Q 1
C = = 2 L
b
V
l n
a
Spherical Capacitor
Spherical Capacitor
Contain two concentris spheris
Contain two concentris spheris
with radii a and
with radii a and
b (
b (
a < b ).
a < b ).
b
b
a
a
asumtion : two spheris are thin
asumtion : two spheris are thin
Put little spheris with +Q charge and the bigger
Put little spheris with +Q charge and the bigger
spheris with
spheris with
Q charge. Electric field at the

Q charge. Electric field at the
capacitor is
capacitor is
b
a
-Q +Q
o
2
o
Q 1
E = r di mana r diukur dari pusat bola
4 r
r
)
Spherical Capacitor
Spherical Capacitor
According to
According to
E
E
above
above
,
,
potential difference between
potential difference between
two spheris is
two spheris is
( 2 )
2 1
( 1 )
V = V - V = - E d r
r
r
b
b a
2 2
o o o
a
Q 1 Q 1 Q 1 1
Edr = dr V -V dr ( )
4 r 4 r 4 b a
= =
r
r
o
Q b - a
V ( )
4 a b
=
Spherical Capacitor
Spherical Capacitor
Capacitance of spherical capacitor is
Capacitance of spherical capacitor is
o
Q ab
C = = 4
V b-a
Spherical Capacitor
Spherical Capacitor
DIELE
DIELE
C
C
TRI
TRI
C
C
Dielectric is similar with insulator

Dielectric is similar with insulator
If we related to capacitor, The function

If we related to capacitor, The function
of dielectric is to increase capacitance
of dielectric is to increase capacitance
of the capacitor
of the capacitor
Suppose we have parallel plane capacitor with room between
Suppose we have parallel plane capacitor with room between
the plane is vacum.
the plane is vacum.
C
C
apa
apa
c
c
itor
itor
is charging by DC source
is charging by DC source
(
(
V
V
o o
)
)
After the charge have been full, we put down the DC source
After the charge have been full, we put down the DC source
o o
A
C =
d
A
d
A +Q
o
-Q
o
V
o
vakum
E
o
= Q
o
/(2A
o
)
+Q
o
-Q
o
V
o
E
o
= Q
o
/(2A
o
)
+Q
o
-Q
o
VOLTMETER
After the DC source put down, the charge of
capacitor is Qo and potential difference between two
plane is Vo
The potential difference is same with potential of DC
source
What Happen with potential difference if room of
What Happen with potential difference if room of
capacitor is filled with dielectric (not vacum)?
o
V
< 1
V
+Q
o
-Q
o
dielektrik
V ?
The result is
It means
o
E
< 1
E
E is electric field in the capacitor
after room of capacitor is filled with
dielectric
There is a constant, called dielectric
There is a constant, called dielectric
constant
constant
(
(
)
)
or permitivitas relatif
or permitivitas relatif
(
(
r r
)
)
o
V
V= , di mana 1

What Happen with capasitance if room of
What Happen with capasitance if room of
o o
o o o o
C V
Q = C V = C V C = C
V
=
Remember, The charge of the capacitor is
conserv
According to equation Q = CV, we found that
o
C = C
DIPOL
DIPOL
MOMENT
MOMENT
(p)
(p)
Suppose there is a pair of point charge (+Q and Q) which
separated by distance d
-Q +Q
-Q +Q
The direction of dipol moment is emenating from Q to +Q with
magnitude p = Qd
d
p = Qd
If direction of x axial is to the right then
p = Q d i
)
r
POLARISA
POLARISA
TION
TION
(P)
(P)
POLARISA
POLARISA
TION
TION
(P)
(P)
is defined by dipol
is defined by dipol
moment per unit volume (V)
moment per unit volume (V)
p
P =
V
r
r The direction of
polarisation is the same
with dipol moment
DIPOL
DIPOL
ORIENTATION
ORIENTATION

IN GENERAL, EVERY MATERIAL HAVE
IN GENERAL, EVERY MATERIAL HAVE
NEGATIVE AND PO
NEGATIVE AND PO
SETI
SETI
VE CHARGE
VE CHARGE

THIS CHARGE CAN BE MONOPOL OR
THIS CHARGE CAN BE MONOPOL OR
DIPOL
DIPOL

IN GENERAL
IN GENERAL
,
,
THE DIRECTION OF DIPOL
THE DIRECTION OF DIPOL
IN MATERIAL IS RANDOM DIRECTION
IN MATERIAL IS RANDOM DIRECTION
SUPPOSE A PAIR OF CHARGE
SUPPOSE A PAIR OF CHARGE
(DIPOL)
(DIPOL)
IS
IS
ILUSTRATED BY ARROW
ILUSTRATED BY ARROW
.
.
-Q +Q
-
Q
+
Q
IN GENERAL, THE DIRECTION OF IN GENERAL, THE DIRECTION OF DIPOL DIPOL IS RANDOM SO TOTAL IS RANDOM SO TOTAL DIPOL DIPOL
MOMEN MOMENT NEARLY ZERO T NEARLY ZERO
NOW, SUPPOSE PARALLEL PLANE CAPACITOR WITH
NOW, SUPPOSE PARALLEL PLANE CAPACITOR WITH
DIELECTRIC
DIELECTRIC
+Q
o
-Q
o
E
o
= Q
o
/(2A
o
)
WHAT HAPPEN WITH DIPOL ORIENTATION IF
DIELECTRIC PUT INTO THE ROOM OF
CAPACITOR?
+Q
o
-Q
o
REMEMBER THAT
REMEMBER THAT
POSITI
POSITI
VE
VE
AND
AND
NEGATI
NEGATI
VE CHARGE IS
VE CHARGE IS
ATRACTED
ATRACTED
+Q -Q
KAPASITOR
VAKUM
DIPOL
PERHATIKAN BAHWA ARAH DIPOL
MENJADI BERUBAH, CENDERUNG SEARAH
MEDAN LUAR (E
O
)
Dipol orientation if there is external fileld
p 0
Dipol orientation without external
field
p is not zero
Dielectric with external field
-q +q
Suppose there is
Suppose there is
a pair of plane with
a pair of plane with
charge
charge
Q
Q
and
and
q
q
+Q -Q -q +q
E
o
= (Q/
o
A) i
E = (q/oA)(-i)
-q +q
+Q -Q
E = E
o
+ E E = [(Q/
o
A) (q/
o
A)] i
or
Electric field between two
plane is
Back to capacitor and dielectric
Back to capacitor and dielectric

Q
Q
charge is called
charge is called
free charge
free charge
(
(
this charge can
this charge can
be set by controlling the potential of sorce)
be set by controlling the potential of sorce)

q
q
charge is calling
charge is calling
indu
indu
ction charge
ction charge
(
(
it
it
depends on the kind of material)
depends on the kind of material)
Because Q can be set, so E
o
can be set too
Because q cant be set so E cant be set too
Electric field E depends on Q and q charge
Can we control E?

Electric field in the
Electric field in the
c
c
apa
apa
c
c
itor
itor
before the
before the
dielectric is filled
dielectric is filled
E
E
o o
is more big than electric
is more big than electric
field after the dielectric is filled
field after the dielectric is filled
E
E
+Q -Q
-q +q
+Q -Q
+(Q-q) -(Q-q)
E
o
= (Q/
o
A) i E = [(Q-q)/
o
A] i
That is
E = E
o
/
Let we formulated the equation in more
Let we formulated the equation in more
general
general

Look at
Look at
E
E
o o
,
,
E
E
, dan
, dan
E
E
!
!

E
E
will be related to
will be related to
polarisa
polarisa
t
t
i
i
on
on
P
P
Suppose that the distance between q dan +q is equal to distance between plane d.
-q +q
p = qd i P =(qd/V) i
V = Ad = volume kapasitor
E = [(Q/
o
A) (q/
o
A)] i = E
o
P/
o

o
E
o
=
o
E + P
Equation of
o
E
o
=
o
E + P
E
o
depends on free charge (Q)
P depend on induction charge (q)
E depends on Q and q
How about
o
E + P?
Because
o
E
o
only depends on Q so
o
E + P only depends on Q too
This quantity is called Displacement Field D =
o
E
o
=
o
E + P
D is not depending on dielectric

Pol
Pol
arisation
arisation
P
P
is respon of dielectric if dielectric is
is respon of dielectric if dielectric is
given electric field
given electric field

In general
In general
P = P
P = P
linier linier
+ P
+ P
non non- -linier linier

P
P
linier linier
=
=
o o
E,
E,
=
=
dielectric suseptibility
dielectric suseptibility

is ability of dielectric to respon the electric field

is ability of dielectric to respon the electric field
E
E
.
.
E P

Suppose the linear case
Suppose the linear case
P
P
=
=
o o
E
E

o
E
o
=
o
E + P =
o
E +
o o
E =
E =
o o
(1 +
(1 +
)
)
E
E

(1 +
(1 +
) =
) =
,
,
dielectric constant or
dielectric constant or

(1 +
(1 +
) =
) =
r r
,
,
relative permitivity of dielectric
relative permitivity of dielectric

o
E
o
=
o o
(1 +
(1 +
)
)
E
E
=
=

o o
r r
E =
E =
E
E

Where
Where
is dielectric permitivity
is dielectric permitivity

Function of
Function of

o o
(
(
in vacuum
in vacuum
)
)
is replaced by
is replaced by

(
(
in
in
diele
diele
c
c
tri
tri
c
c
)
)

o
E
o
=
o o
(1 +
(1 +
)
)
E
E
=
=

o o
r r
E =
E =
E
E

Chap 5 Capacitor and Dielectric Slide

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chap 5 Capacitor and Dielectric Slide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology

Capacitor is two conductor with the same

di mana = Q/A muatan per satuan luas

Q charge. Electric field at the

Dielectric is similar with insulator

If we related to capacitor, The function

is ability of dielectric to respon the electric field

You might also like