Figure 7.1 System layers Applications, services Computer & Platf orm Middleware OS: kernel, libraries & servers net work hardware OS1 Computer & net work hardware Node 1 Node 2 Processes, t hreads, communicat ion, . .. OS2 Processes, t hreads, communicat ion, . .. Figure 7.2 Core OS functionality Communicat ion manager Thread manager Memory manager Superv isor Process manager Figure 7.3 Address space St ack Text Heap Auxiliary regions 0 2 N