Sb , Sn

3+ 2+
NaNO +
2
rhodamine B
Zn- uranyl acetate
HCl + HgCl
2
Sb S 2 3 Sb S 2 5 SnS2
CrO , Al OH 4
2-
4
-
( )
HAc + Pb(Ac)
2
NH Cl
4
NH SCN
4
Fe OH ( )3
brown ppt.
PRECIPITATE
MnS
pink ppt.
ZnS
white ppt.
CoS
black ppt.
NiS
black ppt.
CoS
black ppt.
NiS
black ppt.
Co , Ni
2+ 2+
Mn , Zn
2+ 2+
MnO2
brown ppt.
HNO + NaBiO
3 3
HCl (conc.)
orange ppt. orange ppt. yelow ppt. yelow ppt. yelow ppt. smei talog
HNO
3
(conc.)
NH
3
(conc.)
Hg Cl + Hg 2 2
0
grey precipitate
HNO + H O
3 2 2
(6 mol/L) (3 %)
Separate the clear liquid from the precipitate
HCl (0.5 mol/L)
NaOH + H O
2 2
(6 mol/L) (3 %)
(NH ) C O
4 2 2 4
Hg , Bi , Cu , Cd , As , As , Sb , Sb , Sn , Sn , Fe , Fe , Cr , Al , Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH
2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 5+ 3+ 5+ 2+ 4+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +
4
+
Fe , Fe , Cr , Al , Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH
2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +
4
+
Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +
4
+
Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +
4
+
Na , K ,
+ +
NH
4
+
PbCl
2
white ppt.
AgCl
white ppt.
Hg Cl
2 2
white ppt.
AgCl
white ppt.
Hg Cl 2 2
white ppt.
Pb
2+
Ag NH ( ) 3 2
+
PRECIPITATE
HgS CuS CdS
yelow ppt.
Bi S
2 3
As S
2 3
yelow ppt.
As S
2 5
yelow ppt.
Sb S
2 3
orange ppt.
Sb S
2 5
orange ppt.
SnS
smei talog
SnS
2
yelow ppt.
KOH (3 mol/L)
HCl (3 mol/L)
H S
2
(in acidic medium)
H S
2
(in basic medium)
HCl (6 mol/L)
II a subgroup II b subgroup
HgS CuS
black ppt.
CdS
yelow ppt.
Bi S 2 3
brown ppt.
HNO
3
(3 mol/L)
HNO
3
(conc.)
Hg NO 2HgS ( ) 3 2
Bi OH ( )3
NH
3
(conc.)
NH
3
(conc.)
Bi , Cu , Cd
3+ 2+ 2+
Cu NH , Cd NH ( ) ( ) 3 4
2+
3 4
2+
KCN + H S
2
HAc + Fe(CN)
6
4-
SnO
2
2-
AsS , AsO , SnS , SnO , SbS , SbO 4
3-
2
-
3
2-
3
2-
4
3-
2
-
As S 2 3 As S 2 5
As S 2 3 As S 2 5 SnS
PRECIPITATE
NH Cl + NH OH
4 4
(NH ) PO
+ NH
4 2 4
3
(0.5 mol/L)
(conc.)
PRECIPITATE
NaOH + H O
2 2
(6 mol/L) (3 %)
Fe(OH)
3
brown ppt.
Cr(OH)
3
grey-green p.
Ba PO
3 4 2
( )
white ppt.
Ca PO
3 4 2
( )
white ppt.
Sr PO
3 4 2
( )
white ppt.
MgNH PO
4 4
white ppt.
Ca (PO ) 3 4 2
white ppt.
Sr (PO ) 3 4 2
white ppt.
MgNH PO 4 4
white ppt.
Sr , Ca , Mg
2+ 2+ 2+
Ca , Mg
2+ 2+
Mg
2+
Na Co(NO )
3 2 6
NaOH + quinalizarine
PRECIPITATE
NaOH
heating
Zn OH
3
-
( )
H S
2
H O
2
(100 C)
K Cr O
2 2 7
D
e
t
e
r
m
in
e
d

in

t
h
e

o
r
ig
in
a
l
s
o
lu
t
io
n
C
o
p
y
r
ig
h
t
E
n
i
G
e
n
e
r
a
li
,
S
p
lit

2
0
0
5
-
2
0
0
9
c


F
a
c
u
lt
y

o
f

C
h
e
m
is
t
r
y

a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
,

C
R
O
A
T
I
A
Al(OH)
3
white ppt.
SOLUTION
ORI GI NAL SOLUTI ON
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
FLAME COLORING FLAME COLORING
Pb , Ag , Hg , Hg , Bi , Cu , Cd , As , As , Sb , Sb , Sn , Sn , Fe , Fe , Cr , Al , Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K , NH
2+ +
2
2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 5+ 3+ 5+ 2+ 4+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + +
4
+
4.0026
2
20.180
10
14.007
7
18 17
18.998
9
15.999
8
12.011
6
C
10.811
B
5
Al
13
Si
14
P
15
S
16
He
Ne N
Ar Cl
F O
IVA VA VIA VIIA
VIIIA
13 14 15 16 17
18
IIIA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1.0079
1
6.941
Li
3
9.0122
Be
4
22.990
Na
11
24.305
Mg
12
39.098
K
19
40.078
Ca
20
85.468
Rb
37
87.62
Sr
38
132.91
Cs
55
137.33
Ba
56
(223)
Fr
87
(226)
Ra
88
H
IA
IIA
1
2
138.91
La
57
174.97
Lu
71
140.12
Ce
58
140.91
Pr
59
144.24
Nd
60
(145)
61
150.36
Sm
62
151.96
Eu
63
157.25
Gd
64
158.93
Tb
65
162.50
Dy
66
164.93
Ho
67
167.26
Er
68
168.93
Tm
69
173.05
Yb
70
Pm
(227)
Ac
89
232.04
Th
90
231.04
Pa
91
238.03
U
92
(262)
103
(237)
93
(244)
94
(243)
95
(247)
96
(247)
97
(251)
98
(252)
99
(257)
100
(258)
101
(259)
102
Lr Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
44.956
Sc
21
88.906
Y
39
IIIB 3
Tc
Bh Rf Db Hs Mt
39.948 35.453
83.798
36
131.29
54
(222)
86
26.982 28.086 30.974 32.065
47.867
Ti
22
50.942
V
23
51.996
Cr
24
54.938
Mn
25
55.845
Fe
26
58.933
Co
27
58.693
Ni
28
63.546
Cu
29
65.38
Zn
30
69.723
Ga
31
72.64
Ge
32
74.922
As
33
78.96
Se
34
79.904
35
91.224
Zr
40
92.906
Nb
41
95.96
Mo
42
178.49
Hf
72
180.95
Ta
73
183.84
W
74
(98)
43
126.90
I
53
101.07
Ru
44
102.91
Rh
45
106.42
Pd
46
107.87
Ag
47
112.41
Cd
48
186.21
Re
75
190.23
Os
76
192.22
Ir
77
195.08
Pt
78
196.97
Au
79
200.59
Hg
80
204.38
Tl
81
207.2
Pb
82
208.98
Bi
83
(209)
Po
84
(210)
At
85
114.82
In
49
118.71
Sn
50
121.76
Sb
51
127.60
Te
52
Kr
Xe
Rn
Br
IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB
VIIIB
5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(272)
107
(267)
104
(268)
105
Sg
(271)
106
(277)
108
(276)
109
PERI ODI C TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS PERI ODI C TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
NH SCN
4
+ amyl alcohol
Ag AsO 3 4
chocolate brown p.
yelow ppt. yelow ppt.
HNO
3
(conc.)
NaAc + AgNO
3
white ppt.
black ppt.
HNO + HCl
3
(1:3)
SnCl
2
Cu Fe(CN) 2 6
reddish brown ppt.
Bi
0
brown precipitate
Cd
CdS
yelow precipitate
AgCl
white precipitate
Sb-rhodamine
purple solution
Sn
4+
grey ppt. Hg Cl 2 2
Pb
PbCrO4
yelow precipitate
HgNH Cl + Hg 2
0
black precipitate
black ppt.
black ppt. brown ppt. black ppt.
Cr
PbCrO4
yelow precipitate
Al(OH)3
white precipitate
Fe(SCN)
2+
blood red solution
ZnS
white precipitate
Ni-dimethylglyoxime
red precipitate
Co(SCN)4
2-
deep blue solution
+ dimethylglyoxime
NH
3
(3 mol/L)
MnO4
-
purple solution
Ba
BaCrO4
yelow precipitate
SrSO4
white precipitate
CH COOH
3
(conc.)
K CrO
2 4
CH COOH
3
(conc.)
(NH ) SO
4 2 4
CaC O 2 4
white precipitate
Mg-quinalizarine
blue solution
Na-uranyl acetate
pale yelow precipitate
K
K Co(NO ) 3 2 6
yelow precipitate
NH3
sharp smelling gas
Barium
apple green
Strontium
crimson red
Calcium
brick red
Sodium
yellow
Potassium
violet
Test tubes
1550 C
Lower reduction zone
Lower oxidation zone
Higher reduction zone
Higher oxidation zone
(melting zone)
520 C
300 C
1560 C
1450 C
1540 C
Heating in the water bath (281)
Ds
110
(280)
Rg
111
http://www.periodni.com/
www.periodni.com
Qualitative inorganic analysis
SCHEME FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE CATIONS SCHEME FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE CATIONS
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. , No. 11, (2009) 2131-2156) 81 (285)
Cn
112