Agilent PhysicalImp

LTE
Volume 2
Concepts of 3GPP LTE
9 Oct 2007
Page 51
Agenda Agenda
LTE Context and Timeline
LTE Major Features
LTE Transmission Schemes
LTE vs. HSPA+ and WiMAX
Multiple Antenna Techniques
System Architecture Evolution
Standards Documents
Overview of Physical Layer Frame Structure
Solutions Overview
Page 51 Page 51
9 Oct 2007
Page 52
LTE Physical Layer Overview LTE Physical Layer Overview
( ( now on to the Really Cool Stuff!) now on to the Really Cool Stuff!)
LTE air interface consists of two main components Signals
and Channels
Physical Signals
Generated in Layer 1
Used for System Synchronization, Cell Identification and Radio
Channel Estimation
Physical Channels
These Carry Data from higher layers including Control, Scheduling
and User Payload
The following is a simplified high-level description of the
essential Signals and Channels
Page 52
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9 Oct 2007
Page 53
Physical Physical Signal Signal Definitions Definitions
Page 53
DL Signals Full name Purpose
P-SS Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and identification by
the UE. Carries part of the cell ID
S-SS Secondary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and identification by
the UE. Carries the remainder of the cell
ID
RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation and
channel equalization. Exact sequence
derived from cell ID,
UL Signals Full name Purpose
DM-RS (Demodulation) Reference Signal Used for synchronization to the UE and
UL channel estimation
Only used with active Transport Channel
SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for channel estimation when there
is no transport channel (i.e., No active
PUSCH or PUCCH)
Used for CQI measurement.
9 Oct 2007
Page 54
Page 54
Physical Physical Channel Channel Definitions Definitions
DL Channels Full name Purpose
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling, ACK/NACK
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel
Defines number of PDCCH OFDMA
symbols per sub-frame (1, 2 or 3)
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ indicator channel Carries HARQ ACK/NACK
UL Channels Full name Purpose
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel Call setup
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel Scheduling, ACK/NACK
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel Payload
Note: Absence of Dedicated Channels, which is a characteristic of Packet-Only Systems
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Signal Signal Modulation and Mapping Modulation and Mapping
DL Signals Modulation Sequence Physical Mapping Power
*1
Primary
Synchronization
Signal (P-SS)
One of 3 Zadoff-Chu
sequences
62/72 subcarriers centred
around DC at OFDMA
symbol #6 of slots #0, #10
[+0.65 dB]
*2
Secondary
Synchronization
Signal
(S-SS)
Two 31-bit M-sequences
(binary) one of 168 Cell IDs
plus other info
62/72 subcarriers centred
around DC at OFDMA
symbol #5 of slots #0, #10
[+0.65 dB]
*2
Reference
Signal (RS)
PS Gold sequence defined by
Cell ID (P-SS & S-SS)
1 of 3x168 = 504 seq.
Every 6
th
subcarrier of
OFDMA symbols #0 & #4
of every slot
[+2.5 dB]
UL Signals Modulation Sequence Physical Mapping Power
Demodulation
Reference
Signal (DM-RS)
u
th
root Zadoff-Chu or
QPSK (<3 RB)
SC-FDMA symbol #3 of
every slot
[0 dB]
*1: 3GPP has not define power level yet. This information shows the current scale factor in the 89600 VSA and N7624B Signal Studio.
*2: Synchronization signal: 72 sub-carriers are reserved, but only 62 sub-carrier are used. [0.65 dB = 10 x log10(62/72)]
Normal CP is assumed
Additional signals (UL) - Sounding Reference Signal (Z-C)
9 Oct 2007
Page 56
DM DM- -RS RS Signal Signal Modulation (UE) Modulation (UE)
1 0 ,
RS
ZC
) 1 (
RS
ZC
N m e m x
N
m qm
j
q
Page 56
The unity circle produced by the DM-RS may look random but is the result
of phase modulating each successive subcarrier to create a Constant
Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) Sequence
There are 30 different sequences defined providing orthogonality between
users (similar to Walsh Codes in CDMA)
The sequence follows a Zadoff-Chu progression
where is the first prime number less than the required number of
subcarriers, and m is the subcarrier number of the q
th
sequence
For allocations less than 3 Resource Blocks (36 subcarriers) it is not
possible to use a Zadoff-Chu sequence so the RS are modulated with a
simpler computer-generated QPSK sequence of length 12 or 24
RS
ZC
N
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9 Oct 2007
Page 57
Page 57
Channel Channel Modulation and Mapping Modulation and Mapping
DL Channels Modulation Scheme Physical Mapping
Physical Broadcast Channel
(PBCH)
QPSK
72 subcarriers centred around DC
at OFDMA symbol #0 to #3 of
Slot #1. Excludes RS subcarriers.
Physical Downlink Control
Channel (PDCCH)
QPSK
OFDMA symbol #0, #1 & #2 of
the Slot #0 of the subframe NOT
used by PCFICH or PHICH
Excludes RS subcarriers
Physical Downlink Shared
Channel (PDSCH)
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Any assigned RB
Physical Control Format
Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
QPSK
16 Resource Elements
Symbol #0 of Slot #0
Physical Hybrid-ARQ
Indicator Channel (PHICH)
BPSK on I and Q
w/SF 2 or 4 Walsh Code
Symbol #0 of Slot #0 (normal
duration)
Symbols #0, 1, and 2 of Slot #0
(extended duration)
Physical Multicast Channel
(PMCH)
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Variable Resource Mapping
Normal CP is assumed
9 Oct 2007
Page 58
Page 58
UL Channels Modulation Scheme Physical Mapping
Physical Random Access
Channel (PRACH)
u
th
root Zadoff-Chu
FDD = 64 Preambles, 4 Formats
TDD = 552 Preambles, 1 Format
Occupies 6 RBs (1.08MHz)
Physical Uplink Control
Channel (PUCCH)
BPSK & QPSK
Any assigned RB but NOT
simultaneous with PUSCH
Physical Uplink Shared
Channel (PUSCH)
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Any assigned RB but NOT
simultaneous with PUCCH
Can be hopped
Channel Channel Modulation and Mapping (cont.) Modulation and Mapping (cont.)
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Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element
Downlink Downlink OFDMA OFDMA
Condition
Normal
cyclic prefix
f=15kHz 12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
f=15kHz 12 6
f=7.5kHz 24 3
RB
sc
N
RB
sc
N
OFDM symbols
One downlink slot, T
slot
:
:
x subcarriers
Resource block
x
Resource
element
(k, l)
l=0 l= 1
subcarriers
A Resource Block (RB) is basic
scheduling unit.
A RB contains:
7 symbols (1 slot) X 12
subcarriers for normal cyclic prefix
or;
6 symbols (1 slot) X 12
subcarriers for extended cyclic
prefix
Minimum allocation is 1 ms (2 slots)
and 180 kHz (12 subcarriers).
DL
RB
N
RB
sc
N
DL
symb
N
DL
symb
N
DL
RB
N
DL
symb
N
DL
symb
N
RB
sc
N
9 Oct 2007
Page 60
Page 60
Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element
Uplink Uplink SC SC- -FDMA FDMA
:
:
Resource element
(k, l)
l=0 l=N
UL
symb
1
Condition N
RB
sc
N
UL
symb
Normal
cyclic prefix
12 7
Extended
cyclic prefix
12 6
Resource Block =
0.5 ms x 180 kHz
RB
sc
N subcarriers
UL
RB
N
RB
sc
N x subcarriers
Resource block
x
UL
symb
N
RB
sc
N
SC-FDMA symbols
UL
symb
N
One uplink slot, T
slot
30
9 Oct 2007
Page 61
Physical Layer Definitions Physical Layer Definitions
Frame Structure Frame Structure
Page 61
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD: Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
#0 #2 #3
#18
#1 .
#19
One subframe = 1ms
One slot = 0.5 ms
One radio frame = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS, T(variable)
One radio frame, T
f
= 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame, 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
#0 #2 #3 #4 #5
One subframe, 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
Guard period, T(variable)
UpPTS, (variable)
5ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2, 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
10ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5,7-9 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
One slot,
T
slot
=15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
#7 #8 #9
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
9 Oct 2007
Page 62
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Page 62
OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
The Cyclic Prefix is created by prepending each
symbol with a copy of the end of the symbol
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1 frame
= 10 sub-frames
= 10 ms
1 Sub-Frame
= 2 slots
= 1 ms
1 slot
= 15360 Ts
= 0.5 ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
etc.
CP CP CP CP CP CP CP
P-SS - Primary Synch Signal [Sym 6 | Slots 0,10 | 62/72]
S-SS - Secondary Synch Signal [Sym 5 | Slots 0,10 | 62/72]
PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel [Syms 0-3 | Slot 1 | 72/72]
PDCCH -Physical DL Control Channel [Syms 0-2 | Every Subframe]
PDSCH - Physical DL Shared Channel [Available Slots]
Reference Signal (Pilot) [Sym 0,4 | Every Slot]
DL
symb
N
#0 #1 #8 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #9 #10 #11 #12 #19 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18
Downlink Frame Structure Type 1 Downlink Frame Structure Type 1
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.552ns
Note 1: Position of RS varies w/Antenna Port number and CP Length
Note 2: PMCH, PCFICH, and PHICH not shown here for clarity
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Downlink Physical Mapping Downlink Physical Mapping
9 Oct 2007
Page 64
Uplink Frame Structure Type 1 Uplink Frame Structure Type 1
PUSCH Mapping PUSCH Mapping
Page 64 Page 64
#0 #1 #8 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #9 #10 #11 #12 #19 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel
Reference Signal (Demodulation) [Sym 3 | Every Slot]
OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
The Cyclic Prefix is created by prepending each
symbol with a copy of the end of the symbol
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1 slot
= 15360 Ts
= 0.5 ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
etc.
CP CP CP CP CP CP CP
DL
symb
N
1 sub-frame
= 2 slots
= 1 ms
1 frame
= 10 sub-frames
= 10 ms
Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.6 ns
32
9 Oct 2007
Page 65
Page 65
Uplink Frame Structure Type 1 (FDD) Uplink Frame Structure Type 1 (FDD)
PUCCH Mapping (Formats 1, 1a, 1b ) PUCCH Mapping (Formats 1, 1a, 1b )
[Syms 2-4 | Every Slot]
[Syms 0,1,5,6 | Every Slot]
1
9 Oct 2007
Page 66
Page 66
Unlike DL, UL DM-RS
Is confined only to User
Frame Structure Type 1 (UL) Frame Structure Type 1 (UL)
- - Physical Mapping Physical Mapping
Note 1: When no PUCCH or PUSCH is scheduled in the uplink, the eNB can request transmission of the
Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), which allows the eNB to estimate the uplink channel characteristics
Note 2: PRACH and SRS not shown for clarity
OOK, BPSK
Rotated
QPSK
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9 Oct 2007
Page 67
Page 67 Page 67
Agenda Agenda
LTE Context and Timeline
LTE Major Features
LTE Transmission Schemes
LTE vs. HSPA+ and WiMAX
Multiple Antenna Techniques
System Architecture Evolution
Standards Documents
Overview of Physical Layer Frame Structure
Solutions Overview
9 Oct 2007
Page 68
Page 68
LTE Design Flow Solutions LTE Design Flow Solutions
FPGA
BB L1/PHY
RF Proto
ASIC Development
BB L1/PHY
RF Chip Dev
Design
Validation
System Level Testing
RF & Protocol
Pre-
Conformance
Protocol Development
L2/L3 MAC/RLC
BB
ASIC
RFIC Digital
Interface
Design
Integration
Conformance
Design
Simulation
34
9 Oct 2007
Page 69
LTE LTE Agilent Solutions in the Design Lifecycle Agilent Solutions in the Design Lifecycle
Page 69
FPGA
BB L1/PHY
RF Proto
ASIC Development
BB L1/PHY
RF Chip Dev
Design
Validation
RF & Protocol
Pre-
Conformance
LTE VSA SW
Spectrum
Analyzers
Signal Studio
EDA
Logic Analyzers
& Scopes
L2/L3
BB
ASIC
RFIC Digital
Interface
Design
Integration
Conformance
Design
Simulation
Signal Generators
Anite Protocol
Development System
Battery Drain
Characterization
DC Power
Analyzer
Systems for RF and Protocol Conformance E6620A Test Set
9 Oct 2007
Page 70
Advanced Design System Advanced Design System
3GPP LTE Wireless Library 3GPP LTE Wireless Library
Page 70
Download
Analyze
RF or
Mixed-
Signal DUT
For system and circuit design & verification
Downlink OFDMA and uplink SC-FDMA
sources and receivers
Pre-configured examples with EVM and
BER measurements
Connectivity with Agilent test equipment
Combine simulation with sources and analyzers for
powerful R&D prototype hardware testing..
http://eesof.tm.agilent.com/products/ads_main.html
Logic Analyser
Spectrum Analyser
Signal generator
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Page 71
User-friendly, parameterized and reconfigurable 3GPP LTE signal
generation software for Agilent ESG-C or MXG RF Signal Generators.
PHY Layer partially coded signals for component test
Transport Layer fully coded signals for Rx Test
Downlink MIMO pre-coding up to 4x4 (Spatial Multiplexing/Tx
Diversity)
Multiple UE setup for UL
Fixed-tap Fading
Page 71 Page 71
Signal creation software Signal creation software
N7624B Signal Studio for LTE N7624B Signal Studio for LTE
Page 71
MXG
ESG-C
Download your free demo copy at:
www.agilent.com/find/signalstudio
9 Oct 2007
Page 72
Page 72
Wireless Physical Layer Validation Wireless Physical Layer Validation
Vector Signal Analysis
RF-IC
Signal Creation Software
N4850A
Acquisition Probe
N4860A
Stimulus Probe
Tx
Rx
Logic Analyzer
Signal Generator
Spectrum Analyser
36
9 Oct 2007
Page 73
Page 73
LTE Signal Analysis Using Agilent 89601A Vector LTE Signal Analysis Using Agilent 89601A Vector
Signal Analyzer software Signal Analyzer software
Works with multiple signal
acquisition front ends including logic
analyzers, scopes, simulation tools
and spectrum analyzers EVM
equalizer amplitude and phase
response
Waterfall displays
Gate (by time and channel type)
Customizable GUI with up to 6
simultaneous colour coded traces
Analysis in multiple domains - slot,
subcarrier, resource block and
symbol
Full coupled marker functionality
Download your free
89601A demo copy at:
www.agilent.com/find/89600
9 Oct 2007
Page 74
Page 74
Agilent and Agilent and Anite Anite in partnership in partnership
- - accelerating LTE test solutions accelerating LTE test solutions
Combining strengths to bring a full-
range of LTE solutions to market
faster
Anite Protocol development
system built on Agilent E6620A
hardware platform
Agilent E6620A wireless
communications test set with a
3GPP Release 8 LTE protocol
stack
Anite SAT LTE Protocol Tester
with Development Toolset
built on the Agilent E6620A
NEW!
First to market toolset for UE protocol development
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E6620A Integrated Mobile Test Platform E6620A Integrated Mobile Test Platform
L1 PHY
DSP Engine
PDCP
RLC
MAC
Protocol Processor
UP/DOWN CONV.
20MHz B/W RF
RF I/O
digital I/O
A
P
I
RF I/O
RF I/O*
SISO
MIMO
(2x2 DL)
*Optional 2
nd
Source/Receiver for 2x2 MIMO
Scalable single box base station emulator
2G/3G/3.9G (LTE) capable
LTE L1-L2 signaling stack + scripting API
20MHz BW
Data rates up to 100 Mbps DL / 50 Mbps UL
2x2 MIMO
Support for two independent cells
Built-in Fading
RF Parametric Measurements
Scripted testcases
Introduction: Mid-2008
9 Oct 2007
Page 76
Agilent's position in LTE Agilent's position in LTE
Providing the broadest range of solutions for LTE design and test -
from simulation to RF and digital design to protocol development to
network deployment.
Representation on 3GPP standards committees
Providing "connected solutions" systems that combine
simulation with real-world signal generation and analysis to permit
early module test
Is the only company that provides all the cross-domain test
capability for new-generation radio products which feature direct
"digital to RF" architectures (eg. CPRI and OBSAI base stations and
DigRF and MIPI D-PHY handsets)
First-to-market Protocol test solution in partnership with Anite
Providing a common scalable platform across protocol and RF
solutions for development, functional, and conformance test
Page 76
38
9 Oct 2007
Page 77
Page 77
Learn more at Learn more at
www.agilent.com/find/lte www.agilent.com/find/lte
LTE Poster (5989-7646EN)
Brochure (5989-7817EN)
Webcasts on LTE
LTE Concepts
LTE Uplink
LTE Design and Simulation
Application Note coming
9 Oct 2007
Page 78
Page 78
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
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LTE Uplink and Downlink Signal Generation
Agilent has built a solid reputation in the
mobile communications industry with the
combination of our signal generators and
Signal Studio signal creation software.
The versatile and comprehensive software
is available for the development and
manufacturing of existing and evoling
2G, 3G, 3.5G and 4G communication
systems. You can quickly and easily create
performance-optimized LTE reference
signals for component-level parametric
test, baseband subsystem verication,
receiver performance verication and
advanced functional evaluation.
Speed Signal Simulation with Signal
Studio LTE Applications
Signal Studio applications for 3GPP LTE
enable the conguration of standard-
based FDD and TDD LTE test signals to
verify the performance of components,
receivers, and baseband ASICs. Use this
software with the Agilent MXG signal
generator for the industrys
best adjacent channel
leakage ratio (ACLR)
performance making it ideal
for the characterization
and evaluation of BTS
components such as multi-
carrier power ampliers.
For applications that
require lower phase noise,
the best level accuracy,
or digital I/Q inputs and
outputs then use Signal
Studio software with the
Flexible resource mapping with scalable system bandwidth
is available with Agilents Signal Studio Software.
Industry-leading performance with the Agilent PXB
MIMO receiver tester and the Agilent MXG and ESG
vector signal generators.
Agilent ESG signal generator. Additionally
Signal Studio software can be used with
the Agilent PXB MIMO receiver tester for
applications that require MIMO fading,
creation of interfering stimulus, digital
I/Q inputs and outputs, real-time signal
creation or closed loop testing of advanced
LTE capabilities like HARQ. Highlights of
LTE Signal Studio Software include:
Create FDD and TDD frame structures
(type 1/type 2)
Physical layer coded signals for
component test
Transport channel coded signals for
receiver test
Create all LTE bandwidths: 1.4 MHz to
20 MHz
Create all modulation types: BPSK,
QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Up to 4x4 MIMO congurations (spatial
multiplexing / TX diversity)
Real-time fading with the Agilent PXB
for up to 4x2 or 2x4 MIMO
Predened setups for xed reference
channels and E-UTRA test models
Mixed-carrier conguration with
W-CDMA
Co-existence testing using the
Agilent PXB with 4 independent
baseband generators
Create multi-carrier signals for uplink
and downlink
Real-time HARQ feedback for perfor-
mance requirements testing
www.agilent.com/find/lte
3GPP LTE protocol Primer
3GPP LTE Protocol Primer
Sandy Fraser 5
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March 2008
Agenda
LTE major features and documents
SAE, S1 and X2 overview
LTE Protocol Stack overviews
Data flow through the UE LTE stack
PHY function Overview
RRC- focus on Handover
Summaries/Solutions
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LTE major features
Feature Capability
UE Categories
(Provisionally five)
10 Mbps - 300 Mbps on DL
5 Mbps to 75 Mbps in UL
Access modes FDD with frame structure 1
TDD with frame structure 2
Baseline UE capability 20 MHz UL/DL, 2 Rx, one Tx antenna
Downlink transmission OFDMA using QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Uplink transmission SC-FDMA using QPSK,16QAM, 64QAM
DL Spatial diversity Open loop TX diversity
Single-User MIMO up to 4x4 supportable
UL Spatial diversity Optional open loop TX diversity, 2x2 MU-
MIMO, Optional 2x2 SU-MIMO
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March 2008
LTE major features
Feature Capability
Transmission Time
Interval
1 ms
H-ARQ Retransmission
Time
8ms (At LTE peak data rates this is a very hard
spec to meet at baseband)
Frequency hopping Intra-TTI UL once per .5ms slot - DL once per 66s symbol
Inter-TTI Across retransmissions
Bearer services Packet only no circuit switched voice or data
services are supported voice must use VoIP
Multicasting Enhanced MBMS with Single Frequency Network and
cell-specific content
2
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LTE 3GPP Specifications (Rel-8)
After the LTE study phase in Rel-7, the LTE specifications
are defined in the 36-series documents of Rel-8
There are six major groups of documents
36.8XX & 36.9XX Technical reports (background information)
36.1XX Radio specifications (and eNB conformance testing)
36.2XX Layer 1 baseband
36.3XX Layer 2/3 air interface signalling
36.4XX Network signalling
36.5XX UE Conformance Testing
The latest versions of these documents can be found at
www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36-series.htm
Sandy Fraser 5
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Agenda
Summaries/Solutions
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High level SAE
Architecture
HSS - Home subscriber server
IMS - IP multimedia subsystem
Inter AS anchor - Inter access system anchor
MME - Mobility management entity
Op. IP Serv. - Operator IP service
PCRF - Policy and charging rule control function
UPE - User plane entity
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Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces
3GPP TS 36.300 Figure 4: Overall Architecture
MME = Mobile
Management
entity
SAE =
System
Architecture
Evolution
4
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March 2008
LTE 3GPP S1 and X2
3G PP LTE P ro toco lP rim er
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3GPP TR 23.401 / 25.813
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
EPS Evolved Packet System
MME Mobility Management Entity
eNB E-UTRAN Node B
TAI - Tracking Area ID
E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Radio
Access Network
C-RNTI Cell Radio Network
Temporary Identifier
RA-RNTI Random Access RNTI
UE User Equipment
IMEI International Mobile Equipment
Identity
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber
Identity
S-TMSI SAE Temporary Mobile
Subscriber Identity
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3G PP LTE P ro toco lP ri m er
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What is Protocol?
An agreed-upon set of rules governing the exchange of
information.
An agreed-upon set of rules: what, how, and when
information is communicated must conform to some mutually
acceptable set of conventions referred to as the protocol
Information : Two types
Control -used to setup, maintain, and end the communication link
Data -the actual content that is intended to be exchanged packaged
into messages
The protocol defines and governs the exchange of
messages
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Terminology
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Agenda
Summaries/Solutions
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Marc h2008
MME
eNB UE
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
NAS
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
NAS
LTE 3GPP Stack overview
3GPP 3.60, Fig 4.3.2
Control plane protocol stack
Handovers, mobility
Ciphering, RoHC
Segmentation, Concatenation,
ARQ
HARQ, mapping to/from PHY
Modulation, coding
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eNB UE
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
3GPP 3.60, Fig 4.3.1
User plane protocol stack
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LTE 3GPP Stack overview PDCP
The main services and functions of
PDCP for the user plane include:
Header compression and
decompression: ROHC
Transfer of user data: transmission of
user data means that PDCP receives
PDCP SDU from the NAS and forwards
it to the RLC layer and vice versa
Ciphering;
The main services and functions of
PDCP for the control plane include:
Ciphering and Integrity Protection
Transfer of control plane data:
transmission of control plane data
means that PDCP receives PDCP
SDUs from RRC and forwards it to the
RLC layer and vice versa.
PDCP layer, functional view
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LTE 3GPP Stack overview PDCP PDU Structure
Robust Header
Compression (RoHC)
For more info see
IETF RFC 4995.
Reduced overhead,
more efficient
Once RoHC has been
applied the whole packet
(data AND header) are
ciphered as TS35.201
Header and Message
Authentication codes are
added
IP
Header
Data
Data
PDCP
Header
C%^b$^8Df%^xz($nf$%
Ciphered
RoHC applied
Header and
data ciphered
MAC-I
IETF (The Internet Engineering Task Force)
http://www.ietf.org/
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LTE 3GPP Stack overview - RLC
Concatenation, segmentation, re-segmentation of SDUs to match transmission
(Transport Block TB) parameters set by MAC or radio condiction
Three service Mode:
Transparent mode (TM)
Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
Acknowledge Mode (AM)
In sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs
Error Correction through ARQ (CRC check provided by the physical layer, that is,
no CRC needed at RLC level)
Re-ordering of PDUs received out of order
Duplicate detection and RLC SDU discard.
In general, the data entity from/to a higher protocol layer is known as a Service Data
Unit (SDU) and the corresponding entity to/from a lower protocol layer entity is denoted
Protocol Data Unit (PDU).
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RLC Segmentation and Concatenation
Multiple RLC SDUs are segmented / concatenated into a single RLC
PDU
MAC knows what physical resources are available and RLC provides
RLC PDUs to the size that MAC requests.
RLC PDU size varies dynamically.
RLC SDUs can be control information, voice, data etc
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LTE 3GPP RLC, Transparent Mode (TM)
Transparent mode PDUs are
passed on by RLC as received
No Headers
No Concatenation
No segmentation
Associated with the following
logical channels
BCCH
UL CCCH
DL CCCH
PCCH
36.322 Figure 4.2.1.1.1-1: Model of two transparent mode peer entities
TMD PDU (No Header)
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LTE 3GPP RLC, Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
RLC conducts:
No retransmission service (No ARQ)
Segmentation and /or concatenation
of PDUs depending on Transport
Block information provided by MAC
Adds necessary headers
Re-orders out of sequence PDUs
Detects lost PDUs
Discard duplicate PDUs
Associated with the following logical
channels
UL &DL DCCH
UL &DL DTCH
MCCH & MTCH
36.322 Figure 4.2.1.2.1-1: Model of two unacknowledged mode peer entities
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LTE 3GPP RLC, Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
RLC is instructed by RRC to use
either 5 or 10 bit Sequence Number
The construction of the UM RLC
PDU differs for each of these
Data Data
FI Framing Info
SN Sequence Nunber (5 or 10 bit)
E Extension bit
R1 Reserved
LI Length Indicator
36.322 Figure 6.2.1.3-1: UMD PDU with 5 bit SN (No LI)
36.322 Figure 6.2.1.3-2: UMD PDU with 10 bit SN (No LI)
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LTE 3GPP RLC, Acknowledged Mode (AM)
For AM RLC conducts:
Retransmission and in-sequence delivery.
Segmentation and /or concatenation
of PDUs depending on Transport
Block information provided by MAC
Adds necessary headers
Re-orders out of sequence PDUs
Detects lost PDUs
Discard duplicate PDUs
Number of re-segmentation is not
limited
Associated with the following logical
channels
UL &DL DCCH
UL &DL DTCH
Transmission
buffer
Segmentation &
Concatenation
Add RLC header
Retransmission
buffer
RLC control
Routing
Reception
buffer & HARQ
reordering
SDU reassembly
DCCH/DTCH DCCH/DTCH
AM-SAP
Remove RLC header
36.322 Figure 4.2.1.3.1-1: Model of an acknowledged mode enttiy
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Acknowledged Mode PDU frame
structure
Shown here is a PDU with no additional E & LI
fields showns
If there are an add number of LI fields, there is
additional 4 bits padding.
If there is an even number of LI fields then no
additional padding is necessary.
36.322 Figure 6.2.1.4-1: AMD PDU (No LI)
D/C Data / Control Indicated either Data or Control PDU
RF Re-segmentation Flag Indicates either a PDU or a PDU segment
P Polling Bit Status report required / not required
FI Framing Info Segmentation info
SN Sequence Number (5 or 10 bit) Sequence number of the RLC PDU
E Extension bit Data or more E and LI to follow
LI Length indicator Data field length in bytes
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Acknowledged Mode PDU SEGMENT
RF Re-segmentation Flag Indicates either a PDU or a PDU segment
P Polling Bit Status report required / not required
FI Framing Info Segmentation info
SN Sequence Number (5 or 10 bit) Sequence number of the RLC PDU
SO Segment Offset Start/end of PDU portion detected as lost
LSF Last Segment Flag This is the last segment of the PDU
6O
6O L6P OcL J
OcL 4
0/C PP P P| L 6N
6N
0aLa OcL 6
OcL N
OcL 1
OcL 2
36.322 Figure 6.2.1.5-1: AMD PDU segment (No LI)
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Acknowledged Mode STATUS PDU
CPT Control PDU Type Status PDU or TBD
ACK_SN Acknowledged SN Lowest SN not received or lost
NACK_SN Neg. Acknowledged SN SN of PDU detected as lost
E1 Extension bit 1 Indicates whether NACK_SN & E2 follows
E2 Extension bit 2 Indicates whether SO start/end follow
SOStart Sequence Offset Start 1
st
byte of portion of lost PDU
SOend Sequence Offset End Last byte of portion of lost PDU
36.322 Figure 6.2.1.6-1: STATUS PDU
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MAC function location and link direction
association
x x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x Scheduling information reporting
x x Logical Channel prioritisation
x x x Priority handling between logical
channels of one UE
x x x Priority handling between UEs
x x x Transport Format Selection
x x x
Error correction through HARQ
x x
Demultiplexing
x x
Multiplexing
x x x
Mapping between logical channels and
transport channels
Uplink Downlink eNB UE MAC function
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LTE 3GPP MAC PDU structure
A MAC PDU consists of a MAC header, zero or more MAC Service Data
Units (MAC SDU), zero, or more MAC control elements, and optionally
padding
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LTE 3GPP - MAC PDU , DL-SCH, UL-SCH
Similar to UMTS Header, MAC SDUs, MAC control elements, Padding
Header and SDUs can be variable in size
MAC PDU Header consists of one or more sub-headers, relating to multiple MAC SDUs,
MAC control elements or padding
Normally the sub-header contains 6 header fields, R/R/E/LCID/F/L
The LAST sub-header and FIXED sized MAC control elements only have 4 header fields
R/R/E/LCID
36.321 Figure 6.1.2-1: R/R/E/LCID/F/L MAC sub-header
Figure 6.1.2-2: R/R/E/LCID MAC sub-header
LCID Logical Channel ID
L Length
R Reserved
E Extension
F Format
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MAC PDU with several headers/elements
If there are multiple SDUs in
the MAC PDU, then there will
be multiple sub-headers
Each header could be data or
control information.
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LTE 3GPP - MAC Scheduling
MACs main function will be the distribution and management of
common resources in both UL SCH and DL-SCH to multiple UEs
eNB MAC must take account of:
Overall traffic volume
UE QoS needs for each connection type.
Radio conditions through measurement by UE.
If a UE requests resources via a Scheduling request, the eNB will
provide a scheduling grant identified by C-RNTI (unique identifier
provided by RRC) Scheduling grant will also include
Physical Resource Blocks
Modulation Coding Scheme
A UE could have several streams of control or user data, identified by
Logical Control ID (LCID)
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LTE 3GPP - MAC ARQ and HARQ
N-Process Stop and Wait HARQ (LTE support maximum 8 HARQ processes)
Downlink
Asynchronous Adaptive HARQ
PUSCH or PUCCH used for ACK/NACKS for DL (re-)transmissions
PDCCH signals the HARQ process number and if re-transmission or
transmission
Uplink
Synchronous HARQ
Maximum number of re-transmissions configured per UE
PHICH used to transmit ACK/NACKs for non-adaptive UL (re-)transmissions.
Adaptive re-transmissions are scheduled through PDCCH
MAC HARQ can also interact with RLC to provide information to speed up RLC
ARQ re-segmentation and re-transmission.
HARQ re-transmissions could be delayed if they collide with GAP measurements
required for certain types of Handovers. The GAP Measurements take priority
16
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Function of Physical Layer Service
- Error detection on the transport channel and indication to higher layers
- FEC encoding/decoding of the transport channel
- Hybrid ARQ soft-combining
- Rate matching of the coded transport channel to physical channels
- Mapping of the coded transport channel onto physical channels
- Power weighting of physical channels
- Modulation and demodulation of physical channels
- Frequency and time synchronisation
- Radio characteristics measurements and indication to higher layers
- Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna processing
- Transmit Diversity (TX diversity)
- Beamforming
- RF processing.
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LTE 3GPP Stack overview - Physical
36.211
Physical Channels and
Modulation
36.212
Multiplexing and channel
coding
36.213
Physical layer procedures
36.214
Physical layer
Measurements
To/From Higher Layers
Relation between Physical Layer specifications
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LTE 3GPP Stack overview - RRC
The main services and functions of the RRC subl-ayer include:
Broadcast of System Information
Paging (creation and management);
Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the
UE and E-UTRAN including:
Allocation of temporary identifiers (C-RNTI) between UE and E-UTRAN;
Configuration of signalling radio bearer(s) for RRC connection:
Security functions including key management;
Mobility functions including:
UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting for inter-cell and
inter-RAT mobility;
Inter-cell handover;
UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and
reselection;
Notification for MBMS services;
QoS management functions;
UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting;
NAS direct message transfer to/from NAS from/to UE.
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LTE 3GPP RRC
Cell (re)selection and handover procedures
E-UTRAN Handovers will be possible from:
E-UTRAN<>E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN<>UTRAN
E-UTRAN<>GERAN
E-UTRAN<>Non 3GPP RANs
Handovers will follow general GERAN/UTRAN procedures:
MS measures neighbour cells
MS reports RxLev, RxQual to BSE/NodeB
When one of the neighbours looks more favourable, HO or
Cell (re)-selection occurs
However there are some changes in E-UTRAN
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Handover measurement scenarios
Intra E-UTRAN Handovers will be affected by differences between
the host and targeted neighbour cells:
Centre Frequency Offset (or lack of)
Bandwidth of target cell is greater or less than host cell
Gap or no gap decision for cell measurements to assist HO is
detailed in 36-300 10.1.3
RRC controls measurement gaps and patterns
Scheduled gaps
Individual gaps
NGA, No Gap Assistance, GA, Gap Assistance
GA
NGA NGA
GA GA
NGA
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General concern (36-300, 10.2.3.4) over measurement times for a multi-RAT
device
Full E-UTRAN 20MHz bandwidth
GSM Multi-band access
UTRAN Multi-band access
Non-3GPP (WiMax, CDMA2000 etc) Interworking
Load Limiting will be controlled by:
E-UTRAN can configure the RATs to be measured by UE
Limiting measurement criteria (TS 25.133)
Awareness of E-UTRAN of UE capabilities
Blind handover support (without measurement reports),
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For Handovers, the network can provide some assistance
E-UTRAN no cell specific assistance or frequency only
UTRAN frequency list and scrambling codes
GERAN frequency list. The UE can also leave the E-UTRA cell to
read the target GERAN BCH to assess suitability prior to reselection.
UTRAN to E-UTRAN Measurements - UE performs E-UTRAN
measurements in compressed mode
GERAN to E-UTRAN Measurements performed during idle frame, 36-
300, 10.2.3.2 raises some concern over time constraints
General worry 36-300, 10.2.3.4 over measurement times for a multi-
RAT device
Support for non 3GPP Radio technologies is also being discussed
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LTE 3GPP Stack overview - NAS
The main services and functions of the NAS layer include:
EPS Bearer Management
Authentication
ECM-IDLE mobility handling
Security
MME eNB UE
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
NAS
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
NAS
3GPP 3.60, Fig 4.3.2
Control plane protocol stack
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Agenda
Summaries/Solutions
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Summary/Solutions
Simplified all IP network, with fewer elements and more autonomy for the eNB
No RNC, NO Soft HO
Some specifications are almost complete, some are still FFS
UL power control (PHY process defined 36.213, upper layer procedures FFS)
RRC firming up, but still needs much work
UMTS comparison:
Much more in MAC to reduce higher level processing
Higher layers similar to UMTS
Reduced complexity and channel count
Much simplified categorisation
Some areas more complex because of Diversity, eg CQI, Power control
Designed to interwork with existing UMTS and CDMA2000 networks
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Agilent and Anite
Providing scalable test solutions to address the complete R&D life
cycle for LTE mobile development.
Anite and Agilent are partnering to deliver industry leading UE LTE R&D test
solutions.
Anite will provide industry leading development, conformance and
interoperability protocol test solutions for LTE
Agilent will be providing an industry leading RF platform, OBT based solutions
and RF conformance solutions for LTE.
These solutions will use a common RF hardware platform and a common
protocol stack providing a truly scalable solution to address all phases of UE
development enabling customers to bring LTE UEs to market faster and more
efficiently.
Industry Leaders Partnering to Deliver
World Class LTE Development Solutions
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Agilent
E6620A
LTE UE Test Across the
R&D
lifecycle
A Portfolio of scalable solutions
with ONE common hardware platform and protocol stack
Bench top
Interactive
Functional test
Conformance
test RF and
Protocol
Early Protocol
Development
RF Design
Verification
Interoperability and
validation
Improve efficiency & consistency with all developers using the same platform
Ensure the best utilization of valuable test assets
22
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First to Market toolset for LTE UE protocol developer
Anite SAT LTE Protocol
Tester
with Development Toolset
built on the Agilent E6620A
Agilent and Anite
in partnership- to accelerate LTE test solutions
Combining strengths to bring a
full-range of LTE solutions to
market faster
Anite Protocol development &
conformance systems built on
Agilent E6620A hardware
platform
Agilent bench top one box
test set and RF conformance
test leveraging common
Anite/Agilent protocol stack
NEW!
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LTE Baseband Analysis

Logic Analysis
In next-generation architectures the
physical link between the RF front-end and
baseband processing evolves from an ana-
log to parallel, or high-speed, serial digital
bus. New interface standards require test
equipment to provide appropriate serial
digital inputs and outputs.
The combination of an Agilent RDX tester
or logic analyzer and Agilents Vector
Signal Analysis (VSA) software provides
the only digital VSA (DVSA) package for
digital baseband, IF and RF signal analysis.
This combination enables digital signal
processing (DSP) designers to effectively
design and debug interfaces that were
once analog and are now digital. The
VSA software performs signal analysis
functions such as I/Q analysis, EVM,
Fourier spectrum, etc., using the digital
signal captured by the logic analyzer as
the input.
To validate RFIC operation, engineers can
also leverage the combination of signal
generation software and the RDX tester
connected to the system-under-test
through a DigRF v3 or v4 digital connection
to test the transmit signal path.
For R&D engineers designing or integrating
MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Alliance)
D-PHY devices within a mobile handset,
the same logic analysis solution can be
used as a MIPI D-PHY protocol test solu-
tion, with support for display (DSI) and
camera (CSI-2) interfaces. The solution
includes a congurable stimulus platform
which offers bit-to-video level test capa-
bilities for embedded displays, real-time
analysis and protocol viewing capabili-
ties. Engineers can gain valuable insight
into the exchanges between MIPI D-PHY
enabled devices.
Characterize behavior of devices, from baseband to antenna, with access throughout the block diagram.
LTE Baseband Analysis
Access DigRF v3 and v4
interfaces, as well as Digital
IQ data, with the RDX test
platform.
DigRF Digital Interface
If you are using the DigRF (v3 or v4) base-
band IC to RFIC interface, the Agilent RDX
platform provides a comprehensive test
solution that brings insight into both the
digital and RF domains. The RDX platform
allows engineers to work in either the
LTE Digital Real-Time Decode & Debug
Combine Agilents vector signal analysis
software with Agilents Inniium 90000A
series oscilloscope to analyze wide-
bandwidth signals. The 90000A oscilloscope
provides up to 13 GHz of analysis bandwidth
and is well suited to digitizing down-
converted satellite, LMDS, and MMDS
signals, as well as WiMedia-based
UWB or other extremely
broadband
Troubleshoot digital glitches
with the Agilent DSO90000A
high performance, real-time
oscilloscope.
signals. Two-channel Inniium scopes
can also make the coherent two-channel
MIMO measurements needed for IEEE
802.11n and WiMAX. The digitized
signals are transferred via GPIB, USB, or
LAN to the PC running the 89600 VSA
software where the frequency, time,
and modulation analysis tools of the
89600 VSA can be used to evaluate and
troubleshoot the signal.
Agilent Inniium 90000A series high
performance real-time oscilloscopes
deliver superior signal integrity, deep
application analysis, and excellent insight.
They offer the industrys lowest noise
oor, deepest memory (1 Gpts), only three-
level sequence triggering, and widest
selection of applications.
digital or RF domain for digital protocol
test as well as RF (digital IQ) physical layer
stimulus and analysis. The integration
of the RDX platform with the Agilent RF
portfolio provides cross-domain solutions
that will help you rapidly deploy your DigRF
designs, aiding both baseband and RF IC
development, debug and characterization.
Page 1
By Dr. Michael Leung
Concept of TD-LTE
TD-LTE MIMO test (PHY)
TD-LTE wireless library
& connected solution
TD-LTE signaling test
TD-LTE RF conformance test
TDD-LTE
Agenda
Understanding TD-LTE technology
TD-LTE market opportunity
Technical challenges of TD-LTE
RF measurement
Agilent TD-LTE solution
Agilent, PicoChip & ASTRI Hong Kong
TD-LTE UE & Femtocell Demo (MWC 2009)
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Agenda
RF measurement
What is TD-LTE?
LTE TDD (Long Term Evolution Time Division Duplex) or also known as TD-LTE
is part of the 3GPP specifications for the next generation cellular technology.
In China, TD-LTE will be an evolution from TD-SCDMA and will provide for
asymmetric needs of mobile data usage and allow use of unpaired spectrum.
China Mobile will use the TDD version of LTE that will be compatible with TD-
SCDMA and the rest of the world's LTE. LTE, or Long Term Evolution, is a fourth
generation (4G) mobile broadband standard and is aimed to be the successor
to the 3G technologies GSM.
Page 4
Page 5
China Mobile, Verizon Wireless and Vodafone have conducted joint
laboratory trials of the Time Division Duplex (TDD) version of LTE (TD-LTE),
showing that the technology is capable of operating effectively in
unpaired as well as paired spectrum. The LTE testing alliance, which has
also conducted field tests of LTE Frequency Division Duplex (LTE FDD),
aims to develop a converged LTE FDD and TD-LTE system to enable an
effective solution for both FDD (paired) and TDD (unpaired) spectrum.
Wednesday, 18 February 2009
China Mobile, Verizon Wireless and Vodafone Trials
Confirm LTE as a Next Generation Candidate
Multimode LTE network:
TD-LTE & LTE-FDD
http://www.umts-forum.org/content/view/2708/109/
High level Architecture
HSS - Home subscriber server
IMS - IP multimedia subsystem
Inter AS anchor - Inter access system anchor
MME - Mobility management entity
Op. IP Serv. - Operator IP service
PCRF - Policy and charging rule control function
UPE - User plane entity
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Operating bands FDD / TDD
TD-LTE & TD-SCDMA
The single TDD FS
5ms half Frame
0.5 ms
5ms half Frame
0.675 ms
TDD FS2 TDD FS1
#0 #1 #18 #19
10ms Frame
0.5 ms
Integration of TD-LTE frame structure
Integration frame structures (TD-SCDMA& TD-LTE)
Agenda
RF measurement
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Who participate in TD-LTE?
China Spectrum Allocation
Page 12
TD-SCDMA
W-CDMA
Air interface
TDD
FDD
Mode
40 + 15 + 100 MHz
60 MHz
Frequency Band
1.6 MHz
5 MHz
RF Bandwidth Availability
60MHz
1920 1980 2010 2025
60 MHz 60 MHz
40 MHz
15
MHz
FDD (uplink) FDD (downlink) TDD TDD Satellite Void
30
MHz
2110 2170 1880
85 MHz
155MHz
Duplex Spacing 190 MHz
2400
100 MHz
TDD
2300
Page 12
China Telecom Operators
3G Network (China)
Over 40 Billion USD investment in developing the 3G network
infrastructure, mobile devices, and services
China Mobile
RMB 58.8 billion yuan ($8.6 billion) investment to build 60,000 base stations
infrastructure in 238 cities during 2009
To build TD-LTE trial network in 2010
China Unicom
RMB 30 billion yuan ($4.4 billion) for construction of the WCDMA network
in 1H 2009, and the overall expenditure on network building would exceed
60 billion yuan in 282 cities during 2009
WCDMA trial networks: Shanghai, Shenzhen, Foshan, Liuzhou, Zhenzhou,
Baoding, Wuxi, Wuhan
Estimated that start network construction in February and formally open
the network on May 2009
China Telecom
RMB 50 billion yuan ($7.4 billion) investment into CDMA2000
Complete 340 cities CDMA upgrade program in 1H 09
Page 14
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China TD-SCDMA (TD-LTE) Food Chain
Service
Providers
Agenda
RF measurement
RAN1
2007 2008 2009
Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar
Coding
Phy ch,
Modulation
Procedure
Measurement
UE Idle mode
UE capability
MAC
PDCP
Layer 1
Sig. transport
Protocol
Data transport
UE Tx/Rx
RRM
F
F
F
F
RLC
F
F
F
F
F
A
A
A
A/F
A
A
A
A
A
A
A/F
A
RAN2
RAN3
RAN4
F
RRC
F
Jun
eNB Tx/Rx
F
F
A/F
Common env.
Signaling
RAN5
RF
A
A
F
Protocol &Tabular
ASN.1
F
Protocol &Tabular ASN.1
A
eNB Test
A/F
F
A: Approved
F: Frozen
LTE (FDD/TDD) Standard update
LTE (FDD/TDD) standard update
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TD-LTE in 4G roadmap
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3GPP Reference Standard
Some incorrect information are included in Dec-08 spec, so it will be updated in Mar-09 spec (as BUG FIX)
3GPP Release 8 Standard Transition
Customer interest is changing from L1 PHY spec to RF conformance test spec now
UL MU-MIMO isnt defined yet in release 8 standard
Physical Layer definitions TS36.211
Frame Structure
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
Ts: Time clock unit for definitions
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) FDD: Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
#0 #2 #3
#18
#1 .
#19
One subframe
One slot, T
slot
= 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
One radio frame, T
f
= 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
DwPTS,
One radio frame, T
f
= 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame, 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
One subframe, 20736 x Tx = 0.675 ms
Guard interval
Guard period,
UpPTS
Subframe 0 and DwPTS for downlink, Subframe 1 and UpPTS for Uplink
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Configuration Switch-
point
periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D
5ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2, 7 and UpPTS for uplink
10ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5,7-9 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation
Agilent T&M
Forum
Agilent Confidential
Page 24
Downlink FDD Resource Mapping
N
symb
DL
OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360 Ts
P-SCH
1 frame
13 Aug 2007
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Subframe 0
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
PCFICH/PHICH/PDCCH
S-SCH
PBCH
Reference Signal (Pilot)
No Transmission
Subframe 1
Agilent T&M
Forum
#0 #1 #8 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #9
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
N
symb
DL
OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
Cyclic Prefix
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts)
1slot = 15360
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
1 slot
Subframe 0
Downlink
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Reference Signal
Uplink
Reference Signal
(Demodulation)
PUSCH
UpPTS
Downlink TDD Resource Mapping
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 2 3 4 5 6
Subframe 1
(Special Field)
Subframe 2 Subframe 3
LTE TDD Configuration
Normal cyclic prefix Extended cyclic prefix Special subframe configuration
DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS
0
s
6592 T
s
21936 T
s
7680 T
s
20480 T
1
s
19760 T
s
8768 T
s
20480 T
s
7680 T
2
s
21952 T
s
6576 T
s
23040 T
s
5120 T
3
s
24144 T
s
4384 T
s
25600 T
s
2560 T
s
2560 T
4
s
26336 T
s
2192 T
s
2192 T
s
7680 T
s
17920 T
5
s
6592 T
s
19744 T
s
20480 T
s
5120 T
6
s
19760 T
s
6576 T
s
23040 T
s
2560 T
s
5120 T
7
s
21952 T
s
4384 T - - -
8
s
24144 T
s
2192 T
s
4384 T
- - -
Uplink-downlink
configuration
Downlink-to-Uplink
Switch-point periodicity
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D
Configuration of special subframe
Uplink-downlink configuration
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Agenda
RF measurement (eNB / UE)
eNB (DL) Transmitter Characteristics (FDD /TDD)
6. Transmitter Characteristics Test Requirement
6.2 Base station output power E-TM1.1
6.3.1 Power Control Dynamic Range E-TM2,3.1,3.2,3.3
6.3.2 Total Power Dynamic Range E-TM2,3.1
6.4 Transmit ON/OFF Power Special for TDD
6.5 Transmitted Signal Quality apply to the transmitter ON period
6.5.1 Frequency Error E-TM2,3.1,3.2,3.3
6.5.2 Error Vector Magnitude E-TM2,3.1,3.2,3.3
6.5.3 Time Alignment Between Transmitter Branches E-TM2,3.1,3.2,3.3 (for MIMO case, specified the delay between
the signals from two antennas, less than 65ns)
6.5.4 DL RS power E-TM1.1 (deviation between indicated power on BCH and
measured power)
6.6.1 Occupied Bandwidth E-TM1.1
6.6.2 Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio E-TM1.1,1.2
6.6.3.5.1 Operating Band Unwanted Emissions
Category A
E-TM1.1,1.2
6.6.3.5.2 Operating Band Unwanted Emissions
Category B
E-TM1.1,1.2
6.6.4.5.1 Spurious Emissions Category A E-TM1.1
6.6.4.5.2 Spurious Emissions Category B E-TM1.1
6.6.4.5.3 Protection of the BS receiver of own or
different BS
E-TM1.1
6.6.4.5.4 Co-existence with other systems in the same
geographical area
E-TM1.1
6.6.4.5.5 Co-existence with co-located base stations E-TM1.1
6.7 Transmitter Intermodulation E-TM1.1 with 5MHz
TS36.141 V8.1.0 (2008-12)
eNB Transmitter
EUTRA Test Model is used for
E-TM3.x:
E-TM3.1 (all PRBs 64QAM, no PRB boosting/deboosting)
E-TM3.2 (de-boosted 16QAM PRBs, boosted QPSK PRBs to compensate TX power)
E-TM3.3 (de-boosted QPSK PRBs, boosted 16QAM PRBs to compensate TX power)
Output power dynamics
E-TM3.1, Total power dynamic range (upper OFDM symbol power limit at max power with all 64QAM PRBs allocated)
Transmitted signal quality
Frequency error (at max power)
EVM for all modulation schemes (at max power)
E-TM2:
Total power dynamic range (lower OFDM
symbol power limit at min power),
EVM of single 64QAM PRB allocation (at
min power)
Frequency error (at min power)
E-TM1.x:
E-TM1.1 (all PRBs QPSK, no PRB boosting/deboosting)
E-TM1.2 (all PRBs QPSK, with PRB boosting/deboosting)
BS output power
Unwanted emissions
Occupied bandwidth
ACLR (additionally E-TM 1.2)
Operating band unwanted emissions (SEM), (additionally E-TM 1.2)
Transmitter spurious emissions
Transmitter intermodulation
RS absolute accuracy
eNB Transmitter
E-UTRA Test Models--TDD
Downlink-
to-Uplink
Switch-
point
periodicity
Number of UL/DL sub-
frames per half frame
(10 ms) DwPTS GP UpPTS
DL UL
10ms 6 3
s
4384 T
For E-UTRA TDD, test models are derived based on the
uplink/downlink configuration 3 and special subframe configuration 8.
Number of frames for the test models is 2.
s
24144 T
s
2192 T
eNB Transmitter
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Transmit ON/OFF power
Transmitter
Output Power
Time
Transmitter ON
period
(DL Subframe and
DwPTS)
Transmitter OFF period 70us
Transmitter OFF period 70us
Transmitter
transient
period 17us
OFF power
level
-85dBm/MHz
ON power
level
(Informative)
Transmitter OFF power is defined as the mean power measured over 70 us filtered with a square filter of
bandwidth equal to the transmission bandwidth configuration of the BS (BW
Config
) centred on the assigned
channel frequency during the transmitter OFF period.
The transmitter transient period is the time period during which the transmitter is changing from the OFF
period to the ON period or vice versa.
eNB Transmitter
Error Vector Magnitude Measurement
eNB Downlink (OFDM)
Measurement Block: EVM
is measured after the FFT
and a zero-forcing (ZF)
equalizer in the receiver
BS TX Remove
CP
FFT
Per-subcarrier
Amplitude/phase
correction
Symbol
detection
/decoding
Reference point
for EVM
measurement
Pre-/post FFT
time / frequency
synchronization
Current working assumptions for downlink EVM limits are:
Parameter Unit Level
QPSK % [17.5]
16QAM % [12.5]
64QAM % [8]
The basic unit of
EVM measurement is
defined over one
subframe (1ms) in
the time domain and
12 subcarriers
(180kHz) in the
frequency domain
=2 RBs
= 168 resource
elements
eNB Transmitter
Downlink EVM Equalizer Definition
For the downlink, the
EVM equalizer has been
constrained
Rather than use all the
RS data to correct the
received signal a moving
average is performed in
the frequency domain
across the channel which
limits the rate of change
of correction
For uplink, it has not yet
been fully defined. The
current proposal is to use
a similar approach to
WiMAX, which is to use
an unconstrained
equalizer
The subsequent 7
subcarriers are averaged
over 5, 7 .. 17 subcarriers
From the 10
th
subcarrier onwards the
window size is 19 until
the upper edge of the
channel is reached and
the window size
reduces back to 1
The first
reference
subcarrier
is not
averaged
The second
reference
subcarrier is the
average of the
first three
subcarriers
Reference subcarriers
TR 36.804 v1.0.0 Figure 6.8.1.1-1: Reference subcarrier
smoothing in the frequency domain
eNB Transmitter
Averaged EVM (TDD)
For TDD the averaging in the time domain can be
calculated from subframes of different frames and should
have a minimum of 10 subframes averaging length.
TDD special fields (DwPTS and GP) are not included in
the averaging.
eNB Transmitter
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eNB Receiver Characteristics (FDD /TDD)
7. Receiver Characteristics Test Requirement (No retransmission)
7.2 Reference Sensitivity Level FRC A1-1,1-2,1-3 (QPSK not over 25RB, 5MHz)
7.3 Dynamic Range FRC A2-1,2-2,2-3 (16QAM not over 25RB, 5MHz)
7.4 In-channel Selectivity FRC A1-2,1-3,1-4,1-5 (QPSK not over 25RB, 5MHz)
7.5 Adjacent Channel Selectivity and Narrow-band Blocking FRC A1-1,1-2,1-3 (QPSK not over 25RB, 5MHz)
7.6 Blocking FRC A1-1,1-2,1-3 (QPSK not over 25RB, 5MHz)
7.8 Receiver Intermodulation FRC A1-1,1-2,1-3 (QPSK not over 25RB, 5MHz)
Test channel Throughput Wanted Signal
Power (dBm)
Interference
Signal Power
(dBm)
Interference
Signal ACLR
(dBc)
AWGN,CW
Sensitivity FRC
A1-1,1-2,1-3
More than 95% of
max throughput
-107.3 ~ -101.6 -
Dynamic Range FRC
A2-1,2-2,2-3
same as the above -76.8 ~ -70.8 - AWGN: -
88.7 ~ -76.4
ICS FRC
A1-2,1-3,1-4,1-5
same as the above -106.7 ~ -98.6 -87 ~ -77
ACS FRC
A1-1,1-2,1-3
same as the above Narrow: -
101.3 ~ -95.6
Wide: -
96.3 ~ -95.6
Narrow: -49
Wide: -52
Narrow: -71
Wide: -63
Blocking FRC
A1-1,1-2,1-3
same as the above -101.3 ~ -95.6 -43 or -15 CW or
interference
signal is
necessary
IM FRC
A1-1,1-2,1-3
same as the above -101.3 ~ -95.6 -52 same as the
above
eNB Receiver
eNB Receiver Characteristics
ICS
interference
Wanted
DC
Subcarrier
Frequency
# of RB
(6,15,25)
# of RB
(3,6,10,25)
ACS: wide
interference
Wanted
Carrier
Frequency
BW (MHz)
1.4,3,5,10
15,20
BW (MHz)
1.4, 3, 5
Center
Frequency
interference
Wanted
Carrier
Frequency
BW (MHz)
1.4,3,5,10
15,20
BW (kHz)
180
Center
Frequency
ACS: narrow
Frequency
offset
Frequency
offset
CW is also used in addition to interference
signal at Blocking and IM test
AWGN is added as impairment
at Dynamic Range test
eNB Receiver
Receiver Test Configuration
eNB
Throughput Throughput
RF
Frame
sync pulse
10MHz
10MHz IN
Pattern Trigger In
OR
DATA CONN#(FBI port)
ACK/NACK
10MHz IN
10MHz OUT
FBI port
2
0
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Wanted (with Fading)
/Unwanted (Mod) signal
AWGN
CW interferer for receiver characteristics
Test channel Operation BW/MCS Test requirement Configuration
7. Receiver
Characteristics
FRC A1-x, A2-x Less than equal to 5MHz,
Up to16QAM
No retransmission
BLER test
Wanted,
Unwanted (Mod),
CW, AWGN
eNB Receiver
eNB Receiver Test Requirement
- HARQ BLER/Throughput Test -
100bits
UE UE eNB eNB
100bits
No Error
BLER count=0
Throughput=100bit/s
NACK
ACK
No Error
BLER count=1
Throughput=50bit/s
100bits
ACK
Error
BLER count=1
(0bit/s)
P1
P2
P2
T=1sec
eNB Receiver
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Why is Real Time LTE necessary?
Quickly changing channel coding is necessary according to HARQ ACK/NACK
response
REAL-TIME signal generation is necessary to do that
Standard requires the physical HARQ Feedback signal to verify Radio characteristic
(signal spec is undefined: matter of vender)
eNB Receiver
TS36.141-7
Receiver Characteristics
TS36.141-8
Performance Requirement
Metrics
BLER
Num of HARQ transmission=1
Throughput
Num of HARQ transmission=4
Measurement
Instrument
E4438C or N5182A with N7624B LTE
Advanced
N5106A+E4438C or N5182A with
N7624B-SW4
Measurement Item
Reference sensitivity
Dynamic range (+AWGN)
In-channel selectivity
Adjacent channel selectivity
(+interferer: modulated)
Blocking
(+interferer: modulated + CW)
Intermodulation
(+interferer: modulated)
Performance requirement for PUCCH,
PRACH
Performance Requirement for PUSCH
PUSCH in multipath fading
UL timing adjustment
HARQ-ACK multiplexed on PUSCH
High Speed Train conditions
Multi user PUCCH
- BLER test is required?
Another SG is necessary to configure CW as interferer from DAC dynamic range point of view
PXB will be available when we configure the interferer signal in TS36.141-7
eNB Receiver
- HARQ BLER/Throughput Test Configuration -
2x2 Configuration for Timing Adjustment(RT)
Throughput under multipath fading conditions(RT) Wanted and Interferer signal configuration(Arb)
4x2 Configuration for Multi UE PUCCH(Arb)
eNB Receiver
- Test Configuration (TS36.141-7) -
LTE Wanted LTE Wanted
LTE Interferer LTE Interferer
CW CW
LTE Wanted LTE Wanted
LTE Interferer LTE Interferer
w/o PXB
Reference Sensitivity
ACS, ICS, Blocking, IM
Blocking, IM
CW CW
Digital/analog IQ
Reference Sensitivity
ACS, ICS, Blocking, IM
Blocking, IM
with PXB
eNB Receiver
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- Test Configuration (TS36.141-8) -
HARQ Feedback, TA Feedback
8.2.1 Multipath Fading conditions
8.2.2 Timing Adjustment(Moving, Stationary UE signal)
8.2.3 HARQ-ACK Multiplexed
8.2.4 High Speed Train conditions
Annex A.9 Multiple UE PUCCH
HARQ Feedback, TA Feedback
8.2.1 Multipath Fading conditions
8.2.2 Timing Adjustment(Moving UE signal)
8.2.3 HARQ-ACK Multiplexed
8.2.4 High Speed Train condition
External
Fader
8.2.2 Stationary UE signal
4RF input /2RF output fader is necessary in Annex A.9 Multiple UE PUCCH test
eNB Receiver
Uplink Feature -FRC-
Reference channel A1-1 A1-2 A1-3 A1-4 A1-5
Allocated resource blocks 6 15 25 3 9
DFT-OFDM Symbols per subframe 12 12 12 12 12
Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK
Code rate 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3
Payload size (bits) 568 1416 2344 288 856
Transport block CRC (bits) 24 24 24 24 24
Code block CRC size (bits) 0 0 0 0 0
Number of code blocks - C 1 1 1 1 1
Coded block size including 12bits trellis
termination (bits)
1788 4332 7116 948 2652
Total number of bits per sub-frame 1728 4320 7200 864 2592
Total symbols per sub-frame 864 2160 3600 432 1296
Reference channel A2-1 A2-2 A2-3
Allocated resource blocks 6 15 25
DFT-OFDM Symbols per subframe 12 12 12
Modulation 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM
Code rate 2/3 2/3 2/3
Payload size (bits) 2280 5736 9528
Transport block CRC (bits) 24 24 24
Code block CRC size (bits) 0 0 24
Number of code blocks - C 1 1 2
termination (bits)
6924 17292 14412
Total number of bits per sub-frame 3456 8640 14400
Total symbols per sub-frame 864 2160 3600
Reference channel A3-1 A3-2 A3-3 A3-4 A3-5 A3-6 A3-7
Allocated resource blocks 1 6 15 25 50 75 100
DFT-OFDM Symbols per subframe 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK
Code rate 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3
Payload size (bits) 96 568 1416 2344 4776 7096 9528
Transport block CRC (bits) 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Code block CRC size (bits) 0 0 0 0 0 24 24
Number of code blocks - C 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
termination (bits)
372 1788 4332 7116 14412 10764 14412
Total number of bits per sub-frame 288 1728 4320 7200 14400 21600 28800
Total symbols per sub-frame 144 864 2160 3600 7200 10800 14400
Reference channel A5-1 A5-2 A5-3 A5-4 A5-5 A5-6 A5-7
Allocated resource blocks 1 6 15 25 50 75 100
DFT-OFDM Symbols per subframe 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Modulation 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
Code rate 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 5/6
Payload size (bits) 712 4264 10680 17952 35928 53904 71880
Transport block CRC (bits) 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Code block CRC size (bits) 0 0 24 24 24 24 24
Number of code blocks - C 1 1 2 3 6 9 12
termination (bits)
2220 12876 16140 18060 18060 18060 18060
Total number of bits per sub-frame 864 5184 12960 21600 43200 64800 86400
Total symbols per sub-frame 144 864 2160 3600 7200 10800 14400
Reference channel A4-1 A4-2 A4-3 A4-4 A4-5 A4-6 A4-7 A4-8
Allocated resource blocks 1 1 6 15 25 50 75 100
DFT-OFDM Symbols per subframe 12 10 12 12 12 12 12 12
Modulation 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM
Code rate 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4
Payload size (bits) 432 360 2536 6456 10680 21384 32088 42816
Transport block CRC (bits) 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Code block CRC size (bits) 0 0 0 24 24 24 24 24
Number of code blocks - C 1 1 1 2 2 4 6 7
Coded block size including 12bits
trellis termination (bits)
1380 1164 7692 9804 16140 16140 16140 18444
Total number of bits per sub-frame 576 480 3456 8640 14400 28800 43200 57600
Total symbols per sub-frame 144 120 864 2160 3600 7200 10800 14400
FRC parameters for reference sensitivity
and in-channel selectivity
FRC parameters for dynamic range
FRC parameters for performance requirements (QPSK 1/3)
FRC parameters for performance requirements (16QAM 3/4)
FRC parameters for performance requirements (64QAM 5/6)
UE Test
Uplink Feature
-FRC for UL timing adjustment -
Reference channel A7-1 A7-2 A7-3 A7-4 A7-5 A7-6
Allocated resource blocks 3 6 12 25 25 25
DFT-OFDM Symbols per subframe 12 12 12 12 12 12
Modulation 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM
Code rate 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4
Payload size (bits) 1288 2600 5160 10680 10680 10680
Transport block CRC (bits) 24 24 24 24 24 24
Code block CRC size (bits) 0 0 0 24 24 24
Number of code blocks - C 1 1 1 2 2 2
Coded block size including 12bits trellis termination (bits) 3948 7884 15564 16140 16140 16140
Total number of bits per sub-frame 1728 3456 6912 14400 14400 14400
Total symbols per sub-frame 432 864 1728 3600 3600 3600
SRS bandwidth configuration (See TS 36.211, 5.5.3) (Note 1) 7 5 3 2 5 2
SRS-Bandwidth b (See TS 36.211, 5.5.3) (Note 1, 2) 0 0 0 0 0 1
Note 1. The configuration of SRS is optional
Note 2. PUSCH resource blocks shall be included in SRS resource blocks
Reference channel A8-1 A8-2 A8-3 A8-4 A8-5 A8-6
Allocated resource blocks 3 6 12 25 25 25
DFT-OFDM Symbols per subframe 12 12 12 12 12 12
Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK
Code rate 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3
Payload size (bits) 288 600 1224 2216 2216 2216
Transport block CRC (bits) 24 24 24 24 24 24
Code block CRC size (bits) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of code blocks - C 1 1 1 1 1 1
Coded block size including 12bits trellis termination (bits) 948 1884 3756 6732 6732 6732
Total number of bits per sub-frame 864 1728 3456 7200 7200 7200
Total symbols per sub-frame 432 864 1728 3600 3600 3600
SRS bandwidth configuration (See TS 36.211, 5.5.3) (Note 1) 7 5 3 2 5 2
SRS-Bandwidth b (See TS 36.211, 5.5.3) (Note 1, 2) 0 0 0 0 0 1
Note 1. The configuration of SRS is optional
Note 2. PUSCH resource blocks shall be included in SRS resource blocks
FRC parameters for UL timing adjustment (Scenario 1)
FRC parameters for UL timing adjustment (Scenario 2)
UE Test
UE Transmission Test Requirement
UE Maximum Output Power (TS36.521-1 Dec-08)
FDD aspects missing or not yet determined:
The fixed power allocation for the RB(s) is undefined
Reference Measurement Channel is undefined
The UE call setup details are undefined (parameter, procedure, message contents)
Test case is not complete for FDD
TDD aspects missing or not yet determined:
Test case is not complete for TDD
The maximum output power test case description has been verified to apply for both FDD and TDD exactly as it is.
Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (TS36.521-1 Dec-08)
FDD aspects missing or not yet determined:
The Core requirements for ACLR are undefined for channel bandwidth 1.4MHz, 3.0MHz
It is not yet clear how the "Rectangular Filter" is to be implemented in detail.
The absolute ACLR power limit is not confirmed yet.
Test points to apply MPR for ACLR case needed to be investigated
Test case is not complete for FDD
TDD aspects missing or not yet determined:
Test case is not complete for TDD
Test description section needs to be verified or modified (if necessary) for TDD applicability
UE Test
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UE Transmission Test Requirement
PAPR is one of customer interest
Test channel like the following in W-CDMA/HSPA is undefined yet
Customer is looking for the alternative test setup (severest setup)
Agilent can offer,
Full filled QPSK/16QAM/64QAM
Modify DMRS parameter (it is more flexible than the competitor)
Sub-
test
c d d
(SF)
c
/
d HS
(Note1)
ec ed
(Note 5)
(Note 6)
ed
(SF)
ed
(Codes)
CM
(dB)
(Note 2)
MPR
(dB)
(Note 2)
AG
Index
(Note 6)
E-TFCI
1 11/15
(Note 3)
15/15
(Note 3)
64 11/15
(Note 3)
22/15 209/225 1309/225 4 1 1.0 0.0 20 75
2 6/15 15/15 64 6/15 12/15 12/15 94/75 4 1 3.0 2.0 12 67
3 15/15 9/15 64 15/9 30/15 30/15
ed
1: 47/15
ed
2: 47/15
4
4
2 2.0 1.0 15 92
4 2/15 15/15 64 2/15 4/15 2/15 56/75 4 1 3.0 2.0 17 71
5 15/15
(Note 4)
15/15
(Note 4)
64 15/15
(Note 4)
30/15 24/15 134/15 4 1 1.0 0.0 21 81
Note 1:
ACK
,
NACK
and
CQI
= 30/15 with = 30/15 * .
Note 2: CM = 1 for
c
/
d
=12/15,
hs
/
c
=24/15. For all other combinations of DPDCH, DPCCH, HS- DPCCH, E-DPDCH and E-DPCCHthe
MPR is based on the relative CM difference.
Note 3: For subtest 1 the
c
/
d
ratio of 11/15 for the TFC during the measurement period (TF1, TF0) is achieved by setting the signalled
gain factors for the reference TFC (TF1, TF1) to
c
= 10/15 and
d
= 15/15.
Note 4: For subtest 5 the
c
/
d
ratio of 15/15 for the TFC during the measurement period (TF1, TF0) is achieved by setting the signalled
gain factors for the reference TFC (TF1, TF1) to
c
= 14/15 and
d
= 15/15.
Note 5: In case of testing by UE using E-DPDCH Physical Layer category 1, Sub-test 3 is omitted according to TS25.306 Table 5.1g.
Note 6:
ed
can not be set directly, it is set by Absolute Grant Value.
hs c
UE Test
Agenda
RF measurement
Agilent TD-LTE solution (Available Today!)
Agilent 3GPP LTE TDD Wireless Library
Agilent N7625B Signal Studio for LTE TDD
Agilent 89600 VSA software
Page 49
Page 50
Works directly with Agilent's MXA Signal Analyzer to help wireless-systems designers
and verification engineers speed development of the evolving LTE TDD designs.
It is the world's first fully coded bit error ratio (BER) solution for the time division duplex
(TDD) version of 3GPP's long-term evolution (LTE) standard using 2x2 and 4x4 multiple
input/multiple output (MIMO) technology.
The solution allows fully coded BER measurements of a device under test, including
simulation of channel impairments for multipath fading. It complements Agilent's same
capability for the frequency division duplexing (FDD) version of LTE and is expected to
accelerate the development of mobile devices and base stations for the China market.
Also recently announced is an LTE Baseband Exploration Library (W1912) for Agilent
SystemVue that offers baseband algorithmic source code models, in industry
standard .m-file format, for deeper algorithm verification of LTE-TDD systems. Agilent
3GPP LTE TDD Wireless Library (W1910/E8895) is available now.
Agilent 3GPP LTE TDD Wireless Library
(W1910/E8895)
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The Agilent N7625B Signal Studio for LTE TDD is a powerful, PC-based
software application for creating standards-based TD-LTE signals using Agilent's
N5182A/62A MXG and E4438C ESG vector signal generators, and N5106A
PXB MIMO receiver tester.
The Signal Studio solution supports the 3GPP LTE TDD September 08
standard, offers multichannel capability for PDSCH, PHICH, PCFICH, PBCH,
PDCCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, and has the ability to transmit DL and UL signals.
The software provides basic capabilities well suited for testing components
used in base stations and mobile handsets, such as power amplifiers and filters,
and advanced receiver test capabilities that support transport layer coding, 4x4
MIMO pre-coding and static fading.
This extensive feature set makes Signal Studio for LTE TDD the best choice
for eNB and UE test from the component to the system level. The Agilent Signal
Studio (N7625B) is available to order today.
Agilent N7625B Signal Studio for TD-LTE
Page 52
Agilent 89600 VSA software provides RF and baseband engineers
with a comprehensive set of LTE TDD signal analysis tools,
physical layer testing and troubleshooting of LTE transceivers
and components.
LTE TDD downlink (OFDMA), uplink (SC-FDMA) and MIMO analysis is a single option.
The VSA software offers industry-leading performance with EVM of < -50 dB (hardware
dependent) and bandwidths of 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. Modulation formats included are
BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM 64 QAM, CAZAC, OSxPRBS, TDD DL/UL allocation (0-6) and
special subframe length (0-8), and 2x2 MIMO.
This VSA software can be used with more than 30 Agilent products, including spectrum
and signal analyzers, oscilloscopes and logic analyzers to make LTE measurements
anywhere in the block diagram -- from baseband to antenna, on digitized or analog signals.
It supports 2x2 MIMO analysis in conjunction with Agilent's EXA and MXA Signal
Analyzers, VXI based VSA analyzer and several scopes. It also has connectivity with
Agilent's Advance Design System (ADS) TD-LTE wireless library. Agilent's 89600 VSA
software for LTE-TDD pre-release will be available in the second quarter of 2009, with
commercial release in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Agilent 89600 VSA software
Agilent T&M Forum
Agilent Restricted
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LTE Uplink and Downlink Signal Analysis
Agilent PSA High-Performance
Signal Analyzer with LTE software
running on a PC.
Agilent MXA
Signal Analyzer
with LTE software
running internally.
The ever-increasing complexity of emerg-
ing broadband communication systems
demands exible signal analysis with
in-depth modulation analysis, as well as RF
power measurements. The Agilent signal
and spectrum analyzers ease measure-
ments of complex signals by providing
world-class accuracy, exibility and stan-
dards-compliant measurement applica-
tions. In addition, the Agilent 89600 VSA
software, in combination with Agilents
signal and spectrum analyzers, offer the
industrys most sophisticated general-
purpose and standards-compliant signal
evaluation and troubleshooting tools for
R&D engineers.
An uplink LTE analysis made on the demodulation
reference signal (DM-RS) and payload data. The
DM-RS uses a CAZAC sequence as shown by the
constant amplitude on trace A.
Trace A shows a spectrogram of a downlink
allocation. Putting a spectrogram marker on the
reference signal (RS) shows the RS occupying
every 6th subcarrier as shown on trace B.
Reach Deeper into LTE Signals with
the 89600 VSA Software
Gain greater insight into the performance
of your LTE devices using the 89600 VSA
software with LTE analysis capability.
This high-performance VSA software
provides RF and baseband engineers with
the industrys most comprehensive LTE
physical layer signal analysis. Highlights of
the 89600 VSA software include:
Downlink (OFDMA) and uplink
(SC-FDMA) in a single option
FDD mode, frame structure type 1
All LTE bandwidths: 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz
2X2 DL MIMO single input analysis
All modulation formats: BPSK, QPSK,
16QAM, 64QAM
All modulation sequences: CAZAC and
OSxPRS
Auto detection and demodulation of
downlink user bursts
Industry-leading EVM of < -50 dB
(<0.35%) (dependent on choice of
measurement platform)
A rich selection of in-channel measure-
ments and traces overall/data/RS
EVM, EVM per channel, carrier, symbol,
resource block and slot.
Perfecting Wireless Communications

Test solution for LTE protocol stack
Richard Chen
7 April 2009
China Mobile 1 April 2009
Confidential Provided under NDA
Topics
Anite Product Overview
Roadmap alignment
Anite/Agilent Partnership
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Anite Applications and Platforms
Applications
Conformance
Toolset
Development
Toolset
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SAS
Network
Simulator
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e

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Platform Options
Protocol Host SAT(H)
8960 SAT(A)
E6620 SAT(E)
What is DT?
DT comprises a complete set of protocol development tools from
protocol stack and pre-ASIC design testing, to system integration,
verification and performance testing
DT enables the simulation of a GERAN / UTRAN / E-UTRAN Mobile
Network and its constituent protocol layers so that chipset and UE
manufacturers can easily create new functional tests and regression
test existing ones of desired complexity and focus
DT includes the capability to test a wide range of radio technologies
from GSM and EDGE to UMTS and LTE, and the latest features
such as PS Handover, HSPA+, and LTE MIMO
DT facilitates an integrated, consistent test process from pre-silicon
early R&D, to development, systems integration and IOT
GSM GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE
2
What is DT?
Developers APIs
E-UTRAN
UTRAN
GERAN
APIs
For more
complex and
refined
testing
Log Viewer
PDU Manager
Sample Applications
L1 Decode Tools
Tools
To help make
test and
debug simpler
PDU Constraint Builder
For out of the
box testing
L1 Simulator
GUIs
Network Configuration
Interface
Campaign Manager
E2E IP Pipe
VoIP, FTP, HTTP,
IMS, MBMS etc.
Above IP
Services
For UE
application
testing
How is DT used?
PHY Baseband &
RF teams
L1 SIM to dynamically
interact with / debug PHY
channels, parameters and
Developers API to for
complex L1 scenarios /
regression test.
PHY Baseband &
RF teams
L1 SIM to dynamically
interact with / debug PHY
channels, parameters and
Developers API to for
complex L1 scenarios /
regression test.
Protocol stack teams
Developers API for L2 only or
L2/L3 complex scenarios /
regression test prior to hardware
integration to validate protocol
stack implementation. DT IDE
to dynamically interact with /
debug protocol implementations.
Protocol stack teams
Developers API for L2 only or
L2/L3 complex scenarios /
regression test prior to hardware
integration to validate protocol
stack implementation. DT IDE
to dynamically interact with /
debug protocol implementations.
Integration teams
Extensive regression test capabilities, reuse of tests from earlier
phases, consistency maintained, supportive of a range of skillsets
Integration teams
Extensive regression test capabilities, reuse of tests from earlier
phases, consistency maintained, supportive of a range of skillsets
3
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Development Toolset LTE
A single software development
environment from which UE tests for L1,
L2, L3 can be developed, executed and
results-analysed
E-UTRAN
MAC
L1/PHY
RRC
RLC
PDCP
NAS
Developers
API
L1 Simulator
Development of UE tests
in C++ (e.g. Developers
API E-UTRAN + Microsoft
Visual Studio)
Multi-RAT UE testing (via
Developers APIs UTRAN
and GERAN)
Interactive test
scenario execution
UE test
parameterisation
Analysis of UE test
execution
Automation and test
sequencing for UE
regression tests
L3 PDU manipulation
L1 interactive interface
How Does DT Benefit Users?
Chipset
Manufacturers
Flexibility to create tests for
individual layer, and complete
protocol stack testing
More efficient information
exchange between L1
developers, L2/L3 protocol
stack developers and
integration test engineers
Identifies defects early in
development process to
derisk issues occurring later
Chipset
Manufacturers
Flexibility to create tests for
individual layer, and complete
protocol stack testing
More efficient information
exchange between L1
developers, L2/L3 protocol
stack developers and
integration test engineers
Identifies defects early in
development process to
derisk issues occurring later
UE / Device
Manufacturers
Extensive functional testing
and intricate test scenario
creation and reuse
MultiRAT support
Accommodates varying
degrees of API / IDE
interaction, offering
developers the facility to
interact with the GUIs or APIs
to the desired level or skillset
UE / Device
Manufacturers
Extensive functional testing
and intricate test scenario
creation and reuse
MultiRAT support
Accommodates varying
degrees of API / IDE
interaction, offering
developers the facility to
interact with the GUIs or APIs
to the desired level or skillset
4
DT Key Features
Flexibility for user to interact as much or as little with the API / IDE depending on
users skillset
Ability to tweak any of L1/L2/L3 parameter without needing to provide a complete
configuration
Modular code framework and Test creation wizard allows user to quickly pull together a
standard test framework which can be customised / extended
DT allows users to test negative scenarios and create alternate paths of execution based on
some event or UE response
Provides the user with full control over L1/L2/L3 tests that the user wishes to write
User has complete control over L1/L2/L3 channels, protocols
User is able to create L1 tests for PHY testing without upper layers
User is able to create L2 tests for MAC or RLC testing without upper layers
User is able to create tests for RRC without NAS
User has the flexibility to alter only the procedure he is interested in and leave the rest of the
action before and after the point of interest to the DT L3 state machine
Automation, and regression testing support for L1/L2/L3 tests
Campaign Manager additionally allows easy copying, saving, creation of test plans and test
campaigns
XML parameter framework allows many variants of a single test to be rapidly created via the
Campaign Manager
What is SAS?
SAS enables the simulation of a GERAN / UTRAN / E-
UTRAN Mobile Network so that operators and
manufacturers can run repeatable and reproducible tests
for any global network; but in their lab!
SAS provides a simulated network for testing UE
operations and functionality via the air interface and can
be configured GSM, GPRS, EGPRS, W-CDMA, HSPA
and in 2009 HSPA+ and LTE
SAS tests a terminals capabilities and performance that
conformance tests dont reach
GSM GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE
5
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How is SAS used?
DMI = Diagnostic Mobile Interface
Interactive
Use of GUI to set up
network configurations
and control terminal
testing in real time
Interactive
Use of GUI to set up
network configurations
and control terminal
testing in real time
Playback
scripts
Execute pre-written
scripts or test scenarios
created through
Interactive use
Playback
scripts
Execute pre-written
scripts or test scenarios
created through
Interactive use
Record
DMI
Import of network parameters from Nemo Outdooror Intermediate
File Format compatible UE
DMI
Import of network parameters from Nemo Outdooror Intermediate
File Format compatible UE
How Does SAS Benefit Users?
Network
Operators
Improved terminal
acceptance testing
(benchmarking, less
network testing)
Testing for roaming
agreements
Support field testing
activities
New feature testing
before implementing
on a live network
Network
Operators
Improved terminal
acceptance testing
(benchmarking, less
network testing)
Testing for roaming
agreements
Support field testing
activities
New feature testing
before implementing
on a live network
Terminal
Manufacturers
Testing beyond
conformance testing
(complete end-to-end)
More efficient
Interoperability testing
Faster terminal
approval by Network
Operators using SAS
Terminal
Manufacturers
Testing beyond
conformance testing
(complete end-to-end)
More efficient
Interoperability testing
Faster terminal
approval by Network
Operators using SAS
6
Anite and Agilent
Providing scalable test solutions to address the complete R&D life cycle for LTE
mobile development.
Anite and Agilent have entered a new strategic partnership
This partnership is founded on the principle that together we can better service
customer requirements
The industry leading solution set will be based on a common platform and
protocol stack, providing a truly scalable solution to address all phases of UE
development enabling customers to bring LTE UEs to market faster and more
efficiently
The solutions will be implemented by integrated marketing and development
teams to accelerate customer deliverables
Anite will provide industry leading development, conformance and interoperability
protocol test solutions
Agilent will provide industry leading RF platform, OBT based solutions and RF
conformance solutions
Industry Leaders Partnering to Deliver
World Class LTE Development Solutions
Partnership benefits
The Anite/Agilent partnership developed over several years, is
enhanced by the new generation E6620A HW platform.
The E6620A is co-developed by Agilent and Anite and supports a
variety of interfaces and applications designed to cover the breadth
of testing needs from early development through to manufacturing.
The key to the Anite/Agilent approach is the re-use of common HW
(including Baseband) and SW (including protocol stack) throughout
the product range.
As an example, this means the same protocol stack is used in
Simulation, Development, OBT, L1 functional, Scenario Testing,
Signalling & RF Conformance, Performance Testing and IOT.
The consistency of implementation throughout our toolsets will
reduce test delays at critical phases of our customers development
programmes.
7
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October 2008 Page 15
Solutions in the LTE UE Design Lifecycle
LTE
VSA SW
Spectrum
Analyzers
Signal
Studio
EDA
Logic Analyzers
& Scopes
Signal
Generators
Anite Protocol
Development System
Battery Drain
Characterization
DC Power
Analyzer
Systems for RF and
Protocol Conformance
E6620A UE Test Set
Network Emulator
DigRF v4
BB
ASIC
RFIC Digital
Interface
Design
Integration
Design
Simulation
RF Proto
FPGA
BB L1/PHY
ASIC Development
BB L1/PHY
RF Chip Dev
L2/L3
Design
Validation
RF & Protocol
Pre-
Conformance
Conformance
Interoperability
2008
RF & Digital I/Q
LTE Protocol
Conformance Test
System
RF Pre-
conformance
Test System
Anite & Agilent LTE Portfolio Solution Roadmap Anite & Agilent LTE Portfolio Solution Roadmap
E6620A &
Integrated LTE
Application
2009 2010
Most comprehensive and integrated portfolio on the market. Most comprehensive and integrated portfolio on the market.
LTE Development
Toolset
Host
E6620
Follow-on
Applications
Agilent Solutions Agilent Solutions
Anite Solutions Anite Solutions
Available today! Available today!
E6620A in Anite systems only
E6620A in Agilent and Anite Solutions
SAS LTE IOT Test
System
8
E6620A Wireless Communications
Test Set
The Agilent E6620A Wireless Communi-
cations Test Set is designed to provide
leading-edge solutions for the LTE UE
development lifecycle from early protocol
development through RF and protocol
LTE UE Development
conformance test and interoperability
test. Built on Agilents next generation
4G-ready platform, the E6620A Wireless
Communications Test Set uses the same
3GPP-compliant LTE protocol stack across
all solutions to shorten design cycles and
ensure consistent testing leading to the
highest quality UE designs. Highlights of
the Agilent E6620A include:
Scripting interface for protocol
development and conformance testing
Real-time, bench top network emula-
tion for easy-to-use, real-world design
integration and validation testing
Integrated LTE fading channel models
LTE TX and RX measurements Suite
L1/L2/L3 uplink and downlink via RF or
digital baseband
MIMO 2x2, (4x2 future)
2.7 GHz frequency range and internal PC
controller with Windows XP
The E6620A Wireless Communications
Test Set from early protocol development
through RF and protocol conformance test.
The Agilent GS-8800 is a
series of scalable test systems
covering cellular device design
verication, conformance, and
manufacturing test needs.
GS-8800 Series: RF Design and
Conformance Test Systems
The Agilent GS-8860, GS-8870 and
GS-8890 are a series of scalable test
systems built around the E6620A wireless
communications test Set, covering LTE
device,
RF design verication and RF conformance
test. The systems are compliant to 3GPP
TS 36.521-1 requirements, with support
to section 6 TX test, section 7 RX test,
and section 8 performance test. The
systems leverage the measurements,
speed, accuracy and repeatability
of the E6620A and Agilent sources
and analyzers to create reliable high-
performance test systems ideal for
wireless test laboratories,
device manufacturers, reference
designers and chipset vendors.
The use of common software and
hardware across the lifecycle
enhances development efciency
and time-to-market.
www.agilent.com.tw
0800-047866
http://www.agilent.com.tw/find/hand
outs
104 2 8
(02) 8772-5888
324 20
(03) 492-9666
40855212C
(04) 2310-6915
8026251
(07) 535-5035
2006
Issued date : 04/2009
5990-3957ZHA
Printed in Taiwan 04/2009

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