Prepared By Akash Agamya Great Lakes Institute of Management
Introduction India has a total of 960.9 Million telecom subscribers, comprising of 929.37 mobile subscribers & 31.53 wire-line subscribers. The Indian teledensity now stands at 79.28%.
Rank in world in network size 3rd Teledensity (per hundred populations) 79.28 Telephone connections (In Million) Fixed 929.37 Mobile 31.53 Total 960.9 Introduction 28% 23% 17% 14% 10% 6% 1% 1% 0% Group Company Wise % Market Share (Subscribers) as of July 2012 Airtel Vodafone IDEA BSNL Aircel Uninor Videocon MTNL Loop 0.80% 0.78% 0.39% 0.000% 0.43% -2.37% -7.50% -1.69% -4.92% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A i r t e l V o d a f o n e I D E A B S N L A i r c e l U n i n o r V i d e o c o n M T N L L o o p Operator Wise % Growth as of July 2012 Introduction With the connections now growing at a faster pace in rural areas as compared to urban the rural teledensity will grow from the current value of 40% to 50%.
Porters Five Forces Competitors Analysis - High
Concentration Market Share and Structure Financial Analysis Past, Present, Future Global Presence and Marketing Network Future Prospects Overall Analysis
Competitors Analysis Concentration Market Share More than 15 players in the market. Airtel, Vodafone, Idea and RCOM itself captures more than 75%
Competitors Analysis Market Structure (2012) Average revenue per user for big players is around Rs. 110 Rs. 120 Reliance has lesser ARPU because major of its subscribers are low end customers
Revenue Market share Consumer Market share ARPU AIRTEL 29.1% 19.8% 114.2 Reliance 8.2 % 16.7% 45.2 IDEA 15% 12.3% 114.9 Market leader AIRTEL Market Challenger Reliance, Vodafone, BSNL Maket Follower TATA, IDEA Competitors Analysis Telecom operator Revenue Growth Analysis AIRTEL Increased mobility revenue(9% CAGR) due to increasing traffic(7.9% CAGR) at stable ARPM; Bhartis revenue will also be helped by African revenues expected to grow at 30.9% CAGR RCOM RCOM, which has been struggling with the KPIs and subscriber quality, is expected to grow at 4.5% CAGR over FY11 to FY14E driven by a 5.9% CAGR in traffic to 445.4 billion minutes and a stable ARPM of ~ 45 paisa. IDEA Increased mobility revenue(18.5% CAGR) due to increasing traffic(17.7% CAGR) at stable ARPM
Concentration Market Share and Structure Competitors Analysis OPERATOR EBITDA margin analysis AIRTEL For Bharti Airtel, African operations are expected to see a significant margin expansion from 25.0% to 30.9% due to various cost saving initiatives like BPO, IT and network management outsourcing, passive infrastructure sharing, etc. undertaken by the company RELIANCE EBITDA margin for Reliance Communication to improve to 31.9% in FY14 from 29.5% in FY11 on account of reduced network rollout costs. IDEA For Idea Cellular, EBITDA margins are expected to improve to 24.1% in FY14 from 27.7% in FY11, primarily on the back of higher network utilization. Financials Past, Present, Future Competitors Analysis Global Presence and Marketing Network Existing telecom companies are coming up with continuous growth strategy due to high competition. AIRTEL Mobile and fixed wireless services (GSM) 23 telecom circles RCOM Reliance Communications has IP-enabled connectivity infrastructure comprising over 150,000 kilometers of fiber optic cable systems in India, the US, Europe, Middle East, and the Asia Pacific region IDEA Has a customer base of over 17 million, IDEA Cellular has operations in Delhi, Maharashtra,Goa, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Uttaranchal, Haryana, UP West, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala. Competitors Analysis Future Prospects AIRTEL Airtel plans to set up 3000 more towers to enhance their rural coverage and will now focus on rural and semi-urban areas RCOM Peak investment phase is over. RCOM continues to be free cash flow positive and this trend to continue in succeeding years. RCOM not only reliant on wireless business and also vying the massive opportunity with DTH and expansion of Enterprise/IDC IDEA Idea also plans to enter rural and neglected circles as a strategy to gain subscribers. It also plans for smaller base transmission stations that will mean lesser infrastructure requirements and expenses and independent tower operation. Along with its plan to go for a national long distance license, it will also look at international long distance in the near future. Competitors Analysis Overall Analysis Telecom sector is one of the fastest growing sectors. This is due to strong competition that has brought down tariffs and simplification of policy environment that has promoted healthy competition amongst various players The government has eased the rules regarding inter circle and intra circle mergers. This has led to a slew of mergers and acquisitions in the recent past As the sector is moving closer to maturity, further consolidation is a reality and this will lead to the survival of more profitable players in this segment Infrastructure equipment cost is down to a fraction of what prevailed just a few years ago operators can plan better expansion plan now Increased viability for the operators to expand to semi-urban and rural markets. Hence, competition in this market would increase.
Buyer Power High Buyers Price Sensitivity (High) Cost of product relative to total cost (High) Product differentiation (High) Competition between buyers (?) Relative Bargaining Power (High) Size and concentration of buyers relative to products (high) Buyers switching cost (low) Buyers information (High) Buyers ability to backward integrate (low) Buyers in Telecom industry generally land in two categories: Individual and Enterprise Customers like IT companies, Banks etc. There are ample number of telecom providers in the market with big product variance and cheaper prices which gives buyer many options to select operators and thus have a large bargaining leverage. Buyer Power Analysis Cost of product relative to total cost Telecom products e.g. Voice calls, 3g etc cost 100% of the total cost of service and buyers are more sensible to pricing.
Product differentiation Airtel, Relience,Idea and all other companies have similar prices for similar products and less likely for any one to maintain product differentiation and hence buyers have the option to switch over.
[Ref: http://im.tech2.in.com/gallery/2012/may/3gplans_311641209465.jpg] MRP(Rs.) DATA USAGE VALIDITY MRP(Rs.) DATA USAGE VALIDITY MRP(Rs.) DATA USAGE VALIDITY 250 1 GB 30 Days 255 1 GB 30 Days 250 1 GB 30 Days 450 2 GB 30 Days 449 2 GB 30 Days 450 2 GB 30 Days 1 Rs./min 300-plan (std) 30 days 1 Rs./min (std) 330-plan 30 days 1 Rs./min (std) 330-plan 30days Airtel ----------- Prepaid Relience ----------- Prepaid Idea ----------- Prepaid Buyer Power Analysis Competition between buyer The individual buyers dont have any competition among themselves but enterprise customers like IT or banks do have. Enterprise customers generate major part of the revenues for any telecom companies like Relience, Airtel or Idea which means higher buyer power. But this is not significant for the newbie or the one who deals with individual customers
Size and concentration of buyers relative to products 960.9 Million of individual telecom subscribers as on May, 2012. Big size and low concentration of consumption per individual gives lower leverage to buyer power. Enterprise customers Big size and big concentration of consumption accrues high buyer power Together we can say its moderate buyer power in terms of size and concentration. Buyer Power Analysis Buyers switching cost Low switching cost. Low new connection cost. With MNP, switching has become more easier. TRAI expected that the subscriber has to pay not more than Rs. 200. Some of the operators have estimated the charges can be as low as Rs. 20. Mobile Number Portability requests increased from 50.16 million subscribers at the end of May 2012 to 54.33 million at the end of June 2012. 4.16 million requests for the month of June itself Meaning Low switching cost and high buyer power. Buyers information Buyers information regarding the availability of other options has become high Increased social networking, high advertisements through TV, hoardings, banners and word of mouth, buyers are well informed about the substitute products with better offerings urban as well as rural areas. Means high buyer power Buyer Power Analysis Buyers ability to backward integrate Not much intermediaries between the producer and the consumers. High Investment required for backward integration. Less likely to have backward integration and hence low buyer power
Suppliers Power - Low Price Sensitivity (Low) Cost of product relative to total cost (Low) Product differentiation (Low) Competition between suppliers(High) Bargaining Power (Low) Size and concentration of suppliers relative to products (Low) Buyers switching cost (Low) Buyers information (High) Suppliers ability to forward integrate (Low) Suppliers Power Analysis Suppliers for the Telecom Operators
The suppliers bargaining power has increased influence on the profitability of the company. Increase in the bargaining power of the supplier will lead to a decrease in profits or increase in the price of the end product(Buyer).
There is a price war happening between the different mobile operators, so even the suppliers are chosen carefully so that they do not drag down the profitability of the company .So the suppliers have less bargaining power in this industry.
1. Mobile Tower Companies 2. SIM cards 3. Mobile phone handsets Suppliers Power Analysis Mobile Tower companies in India
There are two types of tower companies in India 1. Telecos owned tower companies 2. Independently telecom tower companies (ITTC) Telecos Owned, 72% ITTC, 28% Telecos Owned ITTC Indus Towers Limited (ITL) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Reliance Infratel Limited (RITL) Viom Networks Limited (Viom) Bharti Infratel Limited (BIL) GTL Infrastructure Limited (GTL) American Tower Company Tower Vision India Limited (TVIL) India Telecom Infra Limited (ITIL) Aster Infrastructure Limited Others 32.20% 15.20% 15.20% 11.20% 9.70% 9.50% 2.30% 0.90% 0.30% 0.30% 3.20% Share Share Suppliers Power Analysis List of Mobile Operator and their Tower Services.
Less Bargaining power because of more number of suppliers Little or no forward Integration Operator Tower Service Bharti BIL/ITL Reliance RITL Vodafone ITL BSNL MTNL, BSNL and Others Idea ITL Tata Viom Suppliers Power Analysis Sim Card Manufacturers
Sim card for the mobile operators are mostly produced in India and some are imported. The mobile operators doesnt always procure the sim card from a single supplier to avoid any delays. The Bargaining power of suppliers is less There is little or no threat of forward integration . Suppliers Power Analysis Mobile Phone handsets Two types of mobile phones are genereally used. (CDMA & GSM). The leading CDMA phone manufacturers are Samsung, Blackberry, ZTE, Motorola , Spice e.t.c Top 4 leading Mobile phone manufacturer(GSM & CDMA) in India (2011-12)
Bargaining power of suppliers are less. Little or no threat of Forward integration. Company Share Nokia 39% Samsung 17.2% Micromax 6.9% Black Berry 5.9% Threat of Substitutes - Moderate
Buyer Propensity To Substitute Relative Prices Performance Of Substitute
Threat of Substitutes Buyer Propensity to Substitute Internet subscriber base increasing in India by 18.06% , compared to 10.60% for GSM/CDMA services. Representations from the industry and from within the DoT to open up Net telephony. If allowed, this will open up Indias domestic voice market to all operators which have an unified access services license such as Reliance Infotel and Aircel to offer voice services along with data to its consumers. Dot also contemplating allowing operators without a unified access license, which includes broadband and Internet companies such as Google and Skype to offer telephony services for international calling and PC-to-PC domestic calls.
Threat of Substitutes Relative Prices Internet Telephony eating into the revenue of GSM/CDMA telephony. Flat/ fixed rate revenues from internet services - cannibalization of revenues from GSM/CDMA services.
Performance of Substitute Voice quality is an issue with internet telephony. Internet voice services also currently limited due to regulatory road blocks.
Threat Of Entry - Low Threat of entry Access to optical fibre network Declining ARPU Government and legal barriers Retaliation by established producers
Threat Of Entry Capital Requirements The cost of active equipment is estimated to be 40 percent of the telecom operator's total capex, while the balance is accounted for by passive infrastructure. Bharti has invested close to Rs. 230 billion to create the cellular infrastructure with 45,000 towers across the country. Typically, a ground based tower costs Rs. 25-30 lakh. A roof-based tower can be built for Rs.13-14 lakh. Cost of maintaining one tower (active + passive) is estimated at Rs. 60,000- 65,000 per month. If tower is rented then monthly rent of Rs. 40,000-45,000 for active network. The monthly outflow of a TSP would be close to Rs. 80,000-85,000 per tower per month. However, the recent announcement made by BSNL about leasing its towers will help both the older and newer players to penetrate into new markets. This factor makes the telecom industry moderately attractive for the new players and investors
Threat Of Entry Declining ARPU The market is maturing and new classes of consumers are mostly rural and their ARPU is well below $5 (probably $3-3.5). So, managing bottom-lines at such low levels of revenue per user will prove to be a challenge for new entrant
Access To Optical Fibre Network
The largest optical fibre has been built by the incumbent operator BSNL who is also the long distance operator. The private sector players such as Bharti and Reliance have also constructed optical fibre cable network connecting mainly cities and towns but their presence is very limited in the rural areas and difficult terrains. It is fairly difficult and cost- ineffective for new entrants to lay down optical fibre connecting remote places as well.
Threat Of Entry Retaliation By Established Players Also known as Incumbent Wrath signifies the leverage the players in the market commands. The incumbents grow because of an established network presence, a brand that consumers are aware of and sheer economies of scale. Mobile termination charge which one operator pays to the other when the customer of the former uses the roaming charges of the latter. This is 30 paise a minute charge as of today. This is charged to the consumer as the cost of roaming. With an all India footprint (or 80% coverage), the incumbents effectively do not have to pay termination charges. The incumbents have either been pocketing the termination charges or passing them to consumers no roaming charge kind of schemes. This factor makes the industry unattractive for the new entrants and investors. The existing Telecom players might begin to bundle broadband, voice, wireless, video and other emerging technologies together, as well as a variety of value added content, in an effort to remain competitive, offer seamless services and attract more customers, at a cheaper price (incumbent wrath)
Threat Of Entry Government And Legal Barriers
Private operators will have to enter into an arrangement with fixed-service providers within a circle for traffic between long-distance and short-distance charging centres. Seven years time frame set for rollout of network, spread over four phases. Any shortfall in network coverage would result in encashment and forfeiture of bank guarantee of that phase. Private operators to pay one-time entry fee of Rs.25 million plus a Financial Bank Guarantee (FBG) of Rs.200 million. The revenue sharing agreement would be to the extent of 6%. Private operators allowed to set up landing facilities that access submarine cables and use excess bandwidth available. No industrial license required for setting up manufacturing units for telecom equipment. 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed through automatic route for manufacturing of telecom equipments. Moderate threat entry based on Government Policies.
Final Verdict -
LOW HIGH INDUSTRY RIVALRY BUYER POWER THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES SUPPLIER POWER THREAT OF ENTRY THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE