,

, .

, ,

-


()

 n

,
, n

.





()


()


( )

 ;
,



.




.

,
.
,


. cm
sec

:
1. cm sec

2.
( sec)



cm
sec

R(t)=t2/3 R(t)=t1/3

cm sec

cm

sec

 4 ;
, ,

.

(1,1,z1 )

z1
1

x1

, ,
,
, ,



.
,



,
,


t , , z.



.






(,,z,t);
.




.


.


,
dt
dx, d, dt

dS2=dx2+d2+dz2-c2dt2
;;;

Minkowski

Minkowski.

.
.
Minkowski .
.

X3
X1

t1

X2

t2

Minkowski

X4

x1x2, x3x4 t1t2

- Minkowski,

:
Minkowski
;

. 4
.
Riemann

4
Riemann
.
Riemann
.

3

 Riemann
Riemann



,

.

.

Minkowski

Minkowski

1
2

Minkowski

11 ,
1.

22 = 11 , ,
2 1

,

Minkowski

.
-
.



, ;
, dx, d, dz, dt,
,
;

dx/dt, d/dt, dz/dt < 300.000

(
)


(
) dx, d, dz, cm
dt sec cm
sec

dx/dt, d/dt, dz/dt < 300.000 Km/sec=

.
,
.


.



dx/dt, d/dt, dz/dt
,

;

 dx, d, dz
dx

dt=4

dx, d, dz
4 dt

dx/dt= == (v)
4

0
(R)
( Hubble)
1.
R
R
v

2.


()
( Ryle)

dx

dx/dt= == (v)
dt

dx/dt=v

=[kR2/3 (k /6H2)].[(k /6H2) -1/2])

dx/dt=v

 , ( )

:



( ).



,
( ).

 (?)

( )

( )

()

-
()




,
,

, .



=[kR2/3 (k /6H2)].[(k /6H2) -1/2]

=mc2

:
=[kR2/3 (k /6H2)].[(k /6H2) -1/2]
:





:

.


,


.

H


,

.


,




.





.

( )

().


.



,


,
;

16 -17
, ,
(20 )

 4
;

( )


4 ,

,

.

(),
()



,




()
.
,
, ,



(sec)

 4
,
.

.
4
.


..



4 ()

4 ()

H


,

.


,
4
()


.





:

(
).


,



.



.

,

, ,

,


.



,

.

 ,


.

 ;

,
.

1.


.


4 ()
,

,
.

2. ( )


( )

 ,
,
(
)
.


,
.

300.000


R2
R2
R1

(R1, R2, R3)



(R1, R2, R3),

( Ryle)

( =[kR2/3 (k /6H2)].[(k /6H2) -1/2])


Riemann,