1.

Phn bit gia to learn v to study

- I go to school to learn English. (Ti n trng hc Anh Vn)
- She is studying at Lycee Gia Long. (C y ang hc trng Gia Long.)
Nhn xt: Hai ng t trn u c ngha l hc; nhng to learn (learnt, learnt)
= hc mt mn g ; to study = hc (ni chung).
Vy, ng vit: She is learning at Lycee Gia Long.
Ph ch: to study cng p dng cho vic hc mt mn no, nhng vi ngha
mnh hn: (to try to learn).
V d: He is studying algebra in his room. (N ang mit mi hc i s trong
phng.)

2.
ALSO ,TOO ,EITHER (cng )
a) Dch cu: Ti cng thch m nhc
I like music either (sai)
I also like music (ng )
I like music,too.(ng )
b)Dch cu:anh y cng khng yu ti
He doesn't love me ,too(sai)
He also doesn't love mem (sai)
He doesn't love me either (ng )
Phn bit :
Also v too dng cho cu khng nh
Either dng cho cu ph nh
4.AMONG - BETWEEN (gia ,trong s )
a) Dch cu : B ta ci bnh cho hai a tr
She divided the cake among the two children.(sai)
She divided the cake between the two children.(ng)
b) Dch cu : B ta ci bnh cho ba a tr
She divided the cake between the three children.(sai)
She divided the cake among the three children. (ng )
- Dng between cho 2 th /ngi .
- Dng among cho 3 th /ngi tr ln
C) Dch cu : Vit Nam nm gia Lo ,Campuchia v Thi Bnh Dng
Vietnam lies among Laos ,Cambodia and Pacific Ocean.(sai)
Vietnam lies between Laos ,Cambodia and Pacific Ocean.(ng)
-Dng between cho gia cc v tr chnh xc r rng

For fear of.. & for fear that..
For fear of + V_ing
Ex: I got into the house quietly for fear of waiting my mom up
For fear that+ S+ V
Ex: I got into the house quietly for fear that I might wake up my mom

6.Phn bit gia hear & listen:
An imaginary conversation between a couple might go:
-Did you hear what I just said? (Em c nghe anh va ni g khng?)
-No, sorry, darling, I wasn't listening. (Xin li anh yu, em khng nghe)
Nhn xt :
- Hear l nghe khng c ch , m thanh t lt vo tai mnh,
- Listen l nghe c ch , ch lng nghe
Ex:
- I think I hear someone trying to open the door.
- I listen to music every night.

7. Phn bit gia See, Look & Watch:
- See : xem trong c ch , hnh nh t lt vo mt mnh, bn khng mn thy
nhng vn thy
- Look : nhn c ch , ngm nhn, bn mun nhn
- Watch : nhn c ch 1 th g , v th thng ang chuyn ng
Ex:
- I opened the curtains and saw some birds outside. (Ti m tm mn v thy 1
vi ch chim bn ngoi)
live">Ti m tm mn v thy, ti khng nh nhn chng, chng ch t dng
nh th
- I looked at the man. (Ti nhn vo ngi n ng)
live">Ti c ch nhn vo ng ta
- I watched the bus go through the traffic lights. (Ti nhn chic xe but i qua
ct n giao thng)
live">Ti c ch nhn chic xe but, v n ang chuyn ng

8. Phn bit Person/ Persons/ People/ Peoples
- Persons : mt dng s nhiu khc ca person, c ngha trang trng v thng
c dng trong vn bn lut, vn bn trnh trng, bin bo
- People :
+ Ngha thng gp l s nhiu ca person
+ Cn ngha th 2 l dn tc
- Peoples : s nhiu ca people khi mang ngha dn tc
Ex:
- The police keeps a list of missing persons
- They are persons who are escaping the punishment
- The English-speaking peoples share a common language
- The ancient Egyptians were a fascinating people

9. Phn bit gia Convince & Persuade:
- to convice : thuyt phc someone tin vo 1 iu g /ngh v 1 iu g
- to persuade : thuyt phc someone lm 1 vic g
Ex:
- He convinced me that he was right
- He persuaded me to seek more advice
- I lost too much money betting at the races last time, so you won't persuade me
to go again
- I convinced her that the symphony needed financial help
Note:
We convince people of something
We persuade people to act

10.AND v OR
Dch cu:"c y khng n ung g trong mt tun"
She did not eat and drink for a week (sai)
She did not eat or drink for a week (ng)
Dch cu:"Anh y khng lm vic chm ch v ti khng thch iu y lm "
He did not work hard or I did not like it very much (sai)
He did not work hard and I did not like it very much (ng)
Nhn xt:
Dng or thay cho and trong cu ph nh
Nhng nu ni 2 cu ring bit th dng and ,khng dng or

11. Phn bit gia TO COME & TO GO
- He comes here by car.
- He goes there by taxi.
Nhn xt: Hai ng t trn u co ngha l ti, nhng to come = n (c ng t
xa n gn); to go = i (c ng t gn ra xa)
Ch : do , come in! v go in! u c ngha vo, nhng dng trong nhng
trng hp khc nhau:
Come in! (bo ngi khc vo khi mnh trong phng).
Go in! (bo ngi khc vo khi mnh ngoi phng).

12. Phn bit gia TO PUT ON & TO WEAR
- I put on my clothes before going out.
- The girl who wears a purple robe, is my sister.
Nhn xt: Hai ng t trn u c ngha l mc, nhng to put on ch mt hnh
ng; cn to wear ch mt tnh trng. Vy, mun dch cu: "Ti ra mt ri mc
qun o".
ng vit: I wash my face and wear my clothes.
Phi vit: I wash my face and put on my clothes.
PH CH: phn bit to dress vi to put on. C hai ng t ny u ch
mt tc ng, nhng to dress (someone) = mc qun o cho ai, cn to put
on (something) = mc, i, mang (qun o, nn, giy, dp...)
Ex:
- The mother dressed her baby.
- She dressed herself and went out.

13
l nhng ng t trong cc mu cu khc nhau s c ngha khc nhau.
agree to do smt: ng lm g
ex: He agreed to leave early tomorrow morning.
agree to one's doing smt: ng vi vic ai lm g.
ex: He agreed to my leaving early tomorrow morning.
Mean to do smt: nh lm g.
ex: I mean to get to the top of the hill before sunrise.
If it + mean + verb-ing: cho d c vic, bao hm c vic.
ex: My neighbour was determined to get a ticket for Saturday's game if it meant
standing in line all night.
Propose to do smt: c nh lm g.
ex: I propose to start tomorrow.
Propose doing smt: ngh lm g
ex: I propose waiting till the police came.
Go on doing smt/smt: tip tc lm g, ci g (mt vic ang b b d)
ex: He went on writing after a break
Go on to do smt: Quay sang tip tc lm g (vn v cng mt vn nhng chuyn
sang kha cnh khc)
ex: He showed the island on the map then went on to tell about its climate.
Try to do smt: c gng lm g
ex: He try to solve this math problem.
Try doing smt: Th lm g
ex: I try sending her flowers, writing her letter, giving her presents, but she still
wouldnt speak to me.

14. Phn bit gia Cause & Reason
- What is the cause of your failure.
- I have no reason for going there.
Nhn xt: Hai danh t trn nu ch , chng ta c th phn bit c d
dng: cause = nguyn do pht sinh ra hu qu), reason: l do (bin chng cho
hu qu).
Vy mun dch cu: "Ti khng c l do tr v"
ng vit: I have no cause for coming back.
Phi vit: I have no reason for coming back.

The difference between "speak" and "talk"
15
arkblue">In a lot of cases 'speak' and 'talk' can be used interchangeably, for example:
"speak" thng c dng trong tnh hung trnh trng hoc nghim trng hn.
"Speak" is more often used when the situation is more formal or serious.
"Speak" thng c dng trong tnh hung trnh trng hoc nghim trng hn.
Ex:
I spoke to my boss about a pay rise.
The President spoke about the new environmental laws.
You could remember here that other words which share the roots of 'speak' such
as 'speaker' and 'speech' are also used in more formal settings .
When we are replying to a question where the speaker uses 'speak' or 'talk' we reply
using the same verb:
"What did Peter talk about at the party last night?"
"He talked about going to college next year."
"What did they speak about at the meeting this morning."
"They spoke about the new working hours and schedules."
There is one specific situation where we use 'speak' only and that is when we are
talking about languages:
Do you speak Italian?
She speaks several languages.
Her mother only spoke Russian before she learnt English.
Here are a few idioms using "speak" and "talk":
to speak one's mind : to say what you think
to speak for itself : to be evident, obvious
to speak too soon : to be imprudent about giving an opinion
to speak volumes : to say a lot about something
to be on speaking terms : to be friendly with someone without being very close
money talks : if you have money you can make things happen
now you're talking : now you are saying something important or useful
talk big : to be boastful
talking shop : to talk about work, business or your profession
to talk someone into something : to persuade someone to do something

16.ROUND - AROUND
a)Dch cu: Ti i du lch khp t gii
->I have travelled round the world (sai)
->I have travelled around the world (ng)
b)Dch cu: Con tu v tr bay vng quanh th gii trong 40 pht
-> The spaceship travelled around the world in 40 minutes (sai)
-> The spaceship travelled round the world in 40 minutes (ng)
Nhn xt:
Around dng trong mt phm vi din tch no
Round dng cho chuyn ng xung quanh mt vt

17 Phn bit v s dng cc t Say, Speak, Tell, Talk .
1. SAY: ni ra, ni rng
l ng t c tn ng, ch trng ni dung c ni ra.
Ex: Please say it again in English.
Ex:They say that he is very ill.
2. SPEAK:ni ra li, pht biu
Thng dng lm ng t khng c tn ng. Khi c tn ng th ch l mt s t t ch
s tht "truth".
Ex: He is going to speak at the meeting.
Ex:I speak Chinese. I dont speak Japanese.
Notes: Khi mun "ni vi ai" th dng speak to sb hay speak with sb.
Ex: She is speaking to our teacher.
3. TELL:cho bit, ch trng, s trnh by
- Thng gp trong cc cu trc : tell sb sth (ni vi ai iu g ), tell sb to do
sth (bo ai lm g ), tell sb about sth (cho ai bit v iu g ).
Ex: The teacher is telling the class an interesting story.
Ex: Please tell him to come to the blackboard.
Ex: We tell him about the bad new.
4. TALK:trao i, chuyn tr
C ngha gn nh speak, ch trng ng tc 'ni'. Thung gp trong cc cu
trc : talk to sb (ni chuyn vi ai),talk about sth (ni v iu g ), talk with
sb (chuyn tr vi ai).
Ex: What are they talking about?
Ex: He and his classmates often talk to each other in English

1. AT THE END & IN THE END :
a) Dch cu : c mt cn nh nh cui ng
There is a small house in the end of the road .(sai)
There is a small house at the end of the road .(ng)
AT THE END: cui mt im hoc mt phn ca ci g
b) Dch cu:Cui cng chng ti n c th trn
- At the end we reached the town. (sai)
- In the end we reached the town. (ng)
IN THE END: Cui cng ,rt cuc

2. Phn bit : Alone, lonely, lonesome, v lone.
1. Alone: hm l mt ngi hay mt vt no ang ring l - khng c
ai hoc vt g khc xung quanh. Lonely ( M dng lonesome) cp
n s bt hnh do tnh trng n c gy ra.
Ex: I like to be alone for short periods.
Ti thch c mt mnh trong nhng khong thi gian ngn.
But after a few days I start getting lonely / lonesome.
Nhng sau vi ngy ti bt u tr nn c n.
2. Alone c th c nhn mnh bng All.
Ex: After her husband died, she was all alone.
Sau khi chng cht, b y ch mt mnh.
3. Alone khng c dng trc danh t. Lone v Solitary c th c dng
thay; lone th bng by hn.
Ex:The only green thing was a lone/solitary pine tree.
Vt mu xanh duy nht l mt cy thng n c.

ALONE (tnh t & trng t): Alone khi c s dng sau ng t to be s mang
ngha khng c ai bn cnh, tch khi nhng ngi, vt khc.
She looked forward to being alone in own flat.
(C y mong c sng mt mnh trong cn h ring).
Alone cn c s dng vi ng t feel. Cm t feel alone mang sc thi ngha
mnh hn, khng ch l mt mnh m cn lc n, khng hnh phc.

SOLITARY (tnh t): dng c cho c ngi v vt. i vi danh t ch
ngi, solitary mang ngha ging nh alone; cn khi i vi danh t ch
vt, solitary mang ngha tr tri.
The only signal of human on the island was a solitary villa.(Du hiu duy nht ca
con ngi trn hn o l mt cn nh tr tri).
Khc vi alone, chng ta c th dng solitary trc danh t, nhng khng c s
dng trc ng t. Danh t ca tnh t ny l solitude.
LONELY (tnh t): th hin tm trng c n, c th c s dng sau ng t to
be v ng t to feel.
She was/ felt very lonely when she moved to the new island.
(Khi phi chuyn v sng ti hn o mi, c y cm thy rt c n).
Trong mt s tp ch ca M, c mc dnh ring cho nhng ngi mun kt bn c
gi l lonely hearts (kt bn tm giao&rdquo .
Trong ting Anh-M, lonely c th c thay th bng lonesome m sc thi, ngha
khng thay i.
LONE (tnh t): mang ngha n l, n chic, khng c s hin din ca ngi
hoc vt khc. trnh hiu nhm v sc thi ngha, cc bn hy xem v d di y:
The lone police officer in the pard had to call for reinforcement.
(Vin cnh st ang ng mt mnh trong cng vin phi gi thm lc
lng h tr).
Khc vi Alone, Lone lun c t ngay trc danh t. Lone parent = single
parent dng ch nhng ngi n ng hoc ph n nui con mt mnh.


3. road - street
A road usually runs between two more distant points, such as between
two towns. A street is described as being a paved road or highway - in
a city, town, or village, especially one lined with houses, shops, or other
buildings. The implication is that if a street does not have these things,
it will probably be called a road. When a town expands, sometimes
what was formerly a road will become a street. The word road is the
more general term, though, and can be applied to a street. Street is the
narrower term.

4. What is the difference between property and attribute?
An attribute is a quality or character ascribed to or considered to belong to,
or be inherent in, a person or thing. A property is a quality or characteristic
belonging to a person or thing, with its original use implying ownership, and
also either being essential or special. However, property is now used to mean
a quality or characteristic in general without reference to its being essential or
special. In many contexts, these words can now be used interchangeably.

5.

What is the difference between insure and ensure, and also, assure?
Basically, insure, ensure, and assure mean to make a person or thing more sure.
Insure should be restricted to providing or obtaining insurance to indemnify or
guarantee someone or something against a loss. Ensure can be used in all other
senses, especially 'to make certain'. Ensure can also imply a guarantee. Then there is a
third word, assure, which means to make a promise or convince. Assure also implies
the removal of doubt and suspense within someone's mind. Here are some examples
of usage for assure, ensure, and insure: I assured him that I would not clean out his
tool and hardware collection. She looked back to assure that no dogs were following
her. / The government ensured the safety of the troops during the time they would
be airlifted out of the country. We will ensure that the abusive coach will not return
next year. / She was insured against loss in the homeowner's policy. The valuables are
insured.


S khc bit gia "House" and "Home"
Trong ting Anh khi ni "HOUSE" th ngi ta ch ni v mt kin trc, mt to
nh,cng trnh xy dng, mt bit th... ni chung l khi dng "HOUSE" l ch vn
vn mun ni v "bt ng sn" thi.
Khi ni v "HOME" l khi ngi ta mun ni v "mt mi m gia
nh". "HOME" l mt ni c ngi ta c tr trong , cn "HOUSE" th ch
l mt bt ng sn khng tri gic v cng khng c ngha l c ngi trong
. "HOME" l ci "HOUSE" nhng l ci "HOUSE" c ngi c tr trong , ni
tm li th "HOME" l "MI M GIA NH", cn "HOUSE" th ch l "CN NH
TRNG V TRI GIC" m thi.
"HOME": Ni c tr, mi gia nh (ca bt c ai).
Ex: I have (own) 5 houses, but my family and I only live in one house, and that house
is my HOME.
- Ni ca mt gia nh c ng.
Ex: This mud hut is my happy HOME.
- Ni sinh thnh hay t quc ca mt ai .
Ex: Viet Nam is my HOME.
- Ni sn sc ngi ta.
Ex: That place is a HOME for the elderly.
- Mi trng sng ca th vt.
Ex: The jungle is where tigers called HOME.
"HOUSE":
- cng trnh kin trc, cng trnh xy dng
- to nh, "building".
**Ngi ta bn nh ch khng ai bn gia nh. = People do not sell "HOMES", they
sell "HOUSES".

Different between "Wait and Await".
- Trc ht l v cu truc ng phap i vi hai ng t nay.
+ "Await" phai co mt tn ng i kem.
Ex: "I am awaiting your answer" (ti ang ch i cu tra li cua anh/chi)
Tn ng cua "await" thng la mt vt gi o, khng phai la ngi, va thng la
tru tng. Vi th ban khng th noi la "John is awaiting me."
- "Wait" co th i vi nhng cu truc cu khac nhau. Co th n gian dung ng
t "wait" mt minh nh trong cu sau:
Ex: "We have been waiting and waiting and waiting and nobody has come to talk to
us". (Chung ti i va i va i mai ma chng co ai ti noi chuyn vi chung ti ca.)
- Mt cu truc khac cung rt ph bin o la co th dung "wait" vi mt ng t khac.
Ex: "I waited in line to go into the theatre." (Ti xp hang i i vao nha hat.)
Thng thi vi "wait", ban noi ti thi gian ma ban phai ch i
v d: "I have been waiting here for at least half an hour."
( Ti a ch y it nht la mt ting ri.)
- Cui cung thi ngi noi thng nhc ti iu gi hay ngi nao ma ho ch, - vi th,
nu mt ngi ban n rt mun, ban co th noi.
Ex: "I have been waiting for you for two hours". (Ti a phai ch ban ti hai ting
ng h.)
+ Mt s khac nhau na gia hai ng t , "wait" va "await", o la mc
trinh trong hay thn mt cua cu noi.
"Await" nghe trinh trong hn la "wait" - "Await" thng c dung trong cac
th t chinh thc chng han.
Nu ban mun bit mt bi quyt v cach dung hai t nay, ti gi y la ban nn
dung "wait for"; con chi dung"await" trong nhng trng hp khi ban bit chc
chn la vn thng nghe thy t nay c nhng ngi gioi ting Anh dung t o va
trong nhng trng hp co vn phong kha trinh trong.

No dng vi danh t ,cn not dng vi ng t
ex:
I no have a book (sai)
I do not have a book (ng )
I have not books on the table (sai)
I have no books on the table (ng )
Ngoi ra ta c th chuyn i qua li gia not v no qua cng thc sau:
+ Not... + any = no
Nh l sau khi i th no nm v tr ca any
ex:
I do not see anyone
->I see noone
I did not have any books
->I had no books

Some v any c s dng trong kh nhiu trng hp. Tuy nhin thy ch ni cho
em bit cch s dng thng thng nht ca chng nh sau:
SOME
s dng trong cu xc nh
ANY s dng trong cu ph nh v nghi vn
ex:
I have some books
I don't have any books
Have you got any books ?
Trn y l cch s dng thng thng nht, tuy nhin cng c nhng ngoi l khi
some c dng trong cu ph nh:
+Trong cc li mi :
Would you like some coffee ? (mi bn ung c ph )
+Trong cc cu hi nhng ngi hi bit trc kt qu :
ex:
Trc khi hi mt ngi bn xem anh ta c tin khng nhng bn nhn vo ti anh ta
v thy c nhiu tin trong , ta s hi :
Have you go some money ?
Cn nu bn thc tnh khng bit anh ta c tin hay khgn th phi dng any:
Have you got any money ?
ARRIVE + IN hay AT ?
A) Dch cu: H ti sn bay lc 10 gi
They arrived in the airport at 10.00 (sai)
They arrived at the airport at 10.00 (ng)
+ Arrive at dng cho ni nh (lng x, sn bay...)
b) Dch cu: H ti H Ni lc m
They arrived at Ha Noi at night (sai)
They arrived in Ha Noi at night (ng)
+ Arrive in dng cho ni ln (thnh ph, nc...)

Phn bit gia few & a few
- Very few people live to the age of one hundred. (rt t ngi c trm tui)
- Many people read Einstein's books but few understood them. (Nhiu ngi c sch
Einstein nhng t ngi hiu
- One can always rely on a few people. (Ngi ta bao gi cng c th tin cy vo
c mt t ngi.)
NHN XT: Hai t trn y c ch khc nhau: few = t (not many); a few = mt t, t
nht l mt s (at least some).
Ph ch: few khc a few cng nh little khc a little; little v a little dng vi danh
t khng m c, cn few v a few i vi danh t s nhiu m c

Wish v Hope
1. Wish
- ng t wish c s dng khi bn mun chc ai gp nhiu may mn,
hay chc mng sinh nht, iu cng ng ngha vi vic l bn mong mun h
s gp may trong tng lai (thng lin quan ti mt s vic c th) hay bn mong
ngi s c mt sinh nht vui v. V vy chng ta c nhng cu ni nh sau:
Ex: I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.
(Chc mng l Ging Sinh v mt nm mi vui v. )
- ng t wish cn c dng trong trng hp bn mong mun ci g s xy
ra d bn bit rng iu l khng th xy ra. Trong trng hp ny, ng t
sau wish thng chia qu kh.
Ex: We wish you could be here.
(Chng ti c g bn c th y.)
Ngoi ra, i khi ngi ta cn dng wish to theo cch ni hi mang tnh hnh thc
thay cho want to.
Ex: They were very much in love and wished to get married as soon as it could be
arranged.
(H rt yu nhau v mun ci ngay khi c th sp xp c.)
2. Hope
ng t hope thng l du hiu cho tng lai, nu bn hy vng lm mt vic g
, bn mong mun lm vic , v bn d nh thc hin cng vic nu bn c
th, khi bn dng ng t hope. Ging nh wish,ng t hope ny cng c
th s dng vi TO
Ex: I hope to be a millionaire by the time Im thirsty.
(Ti hy vng s tr thnh mt nh triu ph khi ti 30 tui.)
Ex: I was hoping to catch the 5.30 train and would have caught it, if Jennifer hadnt
phoned.
(Ti hy vng bt kp chuyn tu lc 5.30 v l ra ti kp chuyn tu nu Jennifer
khng gi in cho ti.)
Tuy nhin, khi c thm mt ch ng khc, sau ng t hope phi l mt mnh .
Ex: I hope (that) she will like these flowers.
(Ti hy vng l c ta s thch nhng bng hoa ny.)
Ex:Her mother hoped (that) Judith would become a doctor, but her heart was always
set on the stage.
(M Judith hy vng rng c y s tr thnh bc s nhng tri tim c y lun hng v
sn khu.)

Bi- and Semi-
The English prefixes bi- and semi- are often mixed up by native speakers. A semi-
annual reading of this lesson will help more than a bi-annual one.
Bi-
Bi- comes from the Latin meaning two. When used with a temporal word, bi-
means "every two" or "every other".
Ex: This magazine is published bi-weekly, on the 1st and 15th of the month.
Ex: Congressional elections are held biennially, on even-numbered years.
Ex: The U.S. celebrated the bicentennial of its 1776 founding in 1976.
Semi-
Semi- comes from the Latin meaning half. When used with a temporal word, semi-
means "twice".
Ex: Our semi-annual meetings are in January and July.
I get paid semi-monthly, on the 5th and 19th of each month.
The semi-weekly deliveries occur on Monday and Thursday.
Notes:
The confusion between bi- and semi- occurs because both prefixes are related to the
concept of two. But bi-means something that happens every other (week, month...),
or every two (weeks, months...), while semi-indicates something that happens twice
every (week, month) or every half (week, month)

NG VIT GOOD IN THAY V GOOD AT
- My friend is good in literature. (sai)
- My friend is good at litterature. (ng)
Ch : "Gii v mn g" dch l to be good at something ch khng phi l good in.
Ngi ta cng vit:
- Clever at (c ti v...)
- Quick at (hc nhanh v...)
- Slow at (hc chm v...)
- Bad at (dt v...)
Nhng: - weak in (km v, yu v...)
- He is weak in grammar. (N km v vn phm.)

Phn bit gia FLOOR v GROUND
- When I enter the room, I saw him lying on the floor. (Khi ti bc vo phng, ti
thy n nm di t.
- A lot of beggars sleep on the ground at night. (Ban m, nhiu ngi n xin ng
di t)
Ch : Hai danh t trn u c th dch l t, nhng ta nn phn bit s khc
nhau floor ch t trong nh (hoc l sn);ground ch t ngoi nh.

Khc nhau gia "such as" v "as such":
C nhiu ngi ngh rng as such thc ra l such as nhng b vit sai chnh t.
Trn thc t, as such c hai ngha:
Ex: I'm an English teacher, and because I'm an English teacher I hate to see grammar
mistakes.
(Ti l mt gio vin Ting Anh, v bi v ti l mt gio vin Ting Anh nn ti rt
ght nhn thy nhng li ng php).
Vn vi ny chng ta c th din t theo mt cch khc:
Ex: I'm an English teacher, and as an English teacher I hate to see grammar mistakes.
(Ti l mt gio vin Ting Anh, v vi vai tr l mt gio vin Ting Anh ti ght
nhn thy nhng li ng php).
- Tuy nhin, trong cu trn, ngi ni nhc li hai ln t an English teacher (mt
gio vin Ting Anh). C mt cch ngn gn hn din t cu ny:
Ex: I'm an English teacher, and as such I hate to see grammar mistakes. (Ti l mt
gio vin Ting Anh, v vi vai tr ti ght nhn thy nhng li ng php).
- Nh vy, chng ta s dng t such thay th cho t "an English teacher" xut
hin ln th hai trong cu. Di y l mt vi th d tng t:
Ex: She's an athlete, and as such she has to train very hard. (C y l mt vn ng
vin, v vi vai tr y c y phi luyn tp rt vt v).
Ex: The film was a romance, and as such it had the usual happy ending. (B phim ny
l mt b phim lng mn, v v nh th n c mt kt cc c hu nh thng thy).
- Chng ta cng c th s dng as such vi ngha ging nh exactly trong mt cu
nh sau:
Ex: The shop doesn't sell books as such, but it does sell magazines and newspapers.
(Chc rng ca hng khng bn sch, nhng n c bn bo v tp ch.
- He isn't American as such, but he's spent most of his life there.
(Chnh xc anh y khng l ngi M, nhng anh y sng gn ht cuc i .
*** Such as (nh l ) th d hn nhiu; n c ngha ging nh like (nh) hay for
example (v d nh).
Ex: There are lots of things to see in London, such as the Tower of London, the
London Eye and St. Paul's Cathedral. ( London c rt nhiu th thm quan, nh
l Thp London, London Eye, v thnh ng Paul's).
Ex; Many countries in Europe, such as France and Germany, use Euros. (Nhiu nc
Chu u, nh l Php v c s dng ng Euros)

Date : cuc hn, ngy thng, k, nin hiu.....
Day : Ngy, ban ngy, 1 ngy no .....

EG:
_What's the date today? Hm nay l ngy bao nhiu?

Date of birth: ngy thng nm sinh

_One day : 1 ngy no

day after day = from day to day = ngy ny qua ngy khc
Thng ci ny mnh thy t c ngi sai, v date th thng l ngy c s liu c th,
nh l Ngy 1 thng 11, ngy 1 thng 1.... Cn day th l 1 ngy, m ko c s liu c
th, c th l ngy th nht, ngy th 2, hoc ngy ny, ngy kia ( The first day, the
second day, today, the next day....)
Job v career
jOb tng t nh 1 cng vic m bn phi lm, 1 bn phn, 1 cng vic lm thm,
ngn hn, cng vic c th kt thc trong 1 thi gian nht nh gip bn kim
ra tin tr cc khon tin nh l tin nh tr, tin hc ph....hoc thc hin 1
nguyn vng nht thi nh l i du lch....Thng th 1
job khng ko di, bn c th bt u hm nay v kt thc ngy mai....Min l n cho
bn s tin m bn cn, ch l 1 cng vic m bn phi lm...
Nhng 1 chui job c th tr thnh 1 career lu di nu bn quan tm ti cng vic
ca mnh. 1 career c to nn trong sut cuc i ca bn. N l 1 th lm cho bn
c cm hng, vui v, thch th , s dng ti nng ca bn 1 cch thch hp.
VD:
1 ngi bn ca ti lm 1 ci job trong vng 6 thng cho 1 cty ch kim s tin
i du lch trong vng 6 thng . Vi anh ta, ci job s kt thc, 1 cch tip
cn th m anh ta thch, du lch. V th, lm 1 cng vic nh th i vi anh ta l chu
c v anh ta ch quan tm ti ci kt qu m anh s t c - i du lch - 6 thng t
do du lch vng quanh th gii.
Ti cm thy ngh nghip (career) ca ti l 1 th th hin bn thn mnh, 1 phn ln
trong cuc sng ca mnh....

Phn bit gia suit and dress

- My father has just bought a new suit. Cha ti va mi mua b qun o mi.
- My mother wears a new dress. M ti mc mt chic o mi.

Nhn xt: Hai danh t trn cn phi c phn bit cn thn: suit = b qun o ca
ngi n ng; dress = chic o ca n b mc ngoi.

Ch : dress cng p dng cho qun o ni chung; khi khng c s nhiu v mo
t (dng cho c n ng ln n b .
V d:
- A man in full dress.
- Evening dress.
- Morning dress.

S khc nhau gia cc t "maybe, perhaps, possibly" v cch dng cc t ny .
Tt ca cac t nay it nhiu u ging nhau. Ca ba t nay u cho thy la mt iu gi o
la co th xay ra, co th thc hin c, co th la co thc. v.v.
Tuy nhin s khac nhau thc s v nghia gia cac t nay la khi chung ta dung cac t
o va trong nhng ng canh c dung.
Vi t maybe, chung ta co th noi y la mt t khng trinh trong, thng c dung
trong ngn ng hang ngay, vi du nh trong cu: Maybe we'll skip school today. Hoc
la trong ng canh: "Are you going to Anna's party?" " Hmmm... maybe."
Sang t "perhaps", chung ta co th noi y la mt t lich s hn, khng qua trinh
trong ma cung khng qua b ba. y la mt cach trung dung din ta kha nng co
th xay ra, chng han: "There were 200, perhaps 250, people at the theatre".
Hay: "Perhaps we should start again".
Va cui cung la t "possibly". Chung ta co th noi t "possibly" trinh trong hn hai
t trn, c bit thng c dung trong thoa thun hay bt ng. Chng han tra
li cu hoi: "Do you think he will apply for the job?", cu tra li co th la "Hmm.
Possibly, possibly not". Hay: "He may possibly decide to apply for the job".
Tom lai, nhin chung la, mc du khng phai trong tt ca moi trng hp, nhng nhin
chung la co s khac bit khi dung: "maybe" la thn mt, khng trinh trong,
con "perhaps" la trung dung hn, khng thn mt ma cung khng trinh trong,
va "possibly" la hi trinh trong hn mt chut.

Above v Over so snh cng kh phc tp , n u c nhng im ging v khc
nhau

Ging nhau:
C above v over u c th dng din t v tr cao hn mt vt g khc.
V d:
- They built a new room above/ over the garage.
(H xy mt cn phng mi trn nc gara).

C above v over u c ngha l nhiu hn.
V d :
- Inflation is above / over 6%.
(Lm pht trn 6%).
- Children of 14 and above / over can be seen this film.
(Tr em t 14 tui tr ln c php xem b phim ny).

Khc nhau: Tuy nhin gia over v above c mt vi s khc bit trong cch
s dng.
Above c s dng khi ta so snh vi mt mc c nh, mt tiu chun no .
V d:
- The mountain is 2000 feet above sea level.
(Ngn ni ny cao 2000 feet so vi mc nc bin).
- Temperature will not rise above zero tonight.
(Nhit ti nay s khng cao hn 0 u).

Trong khi over ch c s dng vi s, tui, tin v thi gian m thi.
V d:
- He is over 50.
(ng y hn 50 tui ri y).
- It cost over $100.
(Gi ca n trn $100).
- We waited over 2 hours.
(Chng ti ch hn 2 ting ng h ri).

Khi ni v s chuyn ng t ch ny sang ch khc th bn ch c th s dng over.
- They jumped over the stream.
(H nhy qua dng sui).

Thm vo over cn c ngha l ph ln.
- He put a blanket over the sleeping child.
(Anh y p chn cho a b ang ng).

Come Back and Go back
Go back va come back la trong s mt nhom cac cp t ma s khac bit gia chung
la trn c s vi tri cua ngi noi.
- Come dng khi noi ti di chuyn v phia ngi noi. Ti co th noi vi mt ngi
khi ngi o quay lng bo i khoi ch ti ang ng la Come back.
- Come cn c dng khi noi v vi tri cua ngi noi trong qua kh hoc trong tng
lai, vi du: 'They came back to the restaurant ', hoc: 'Can you come to the party'?
Trong ca hai trng hp o chung ta noi v vi tri cua ngi noi.
Khi k mt cu chuyn, chung ta cung co th xac inh vi tri hanh ng cua mt ngi
trong cu chuyn o, vi th come c dung cho di chuyn v phia ngi chung ta
ang noi ti va go c dung cho di chuyn i khoi ngi noi hoc ngi c chung
ta noi ti.
trong tng hp ny ta c th dng: 'He begged her to come back to him', hay: 'He
begged her to go back to her family'.
Tom lai, Come la i v phia ngi noi hay v phia ngi ma ban ang noi ti, va Go
la i khoi ni ngi noi hoc ni ngi ma chung ta noi ti.
Usual, Normal, Ordinary
Normal va ordinary co nghia rt ging nhau l bnh thng, thng thng,
con usual co nghia hi khac mt chut.
V d : a normal hay ordinary day at work, no co nghia la - mt ngay binh thng,
mt ngay nh moi ngay. A normal hay ordinary meal in a restaurant - mt ba n
binh thng, thng thng tai mt nha hang, nghe khng co gi hp dn ca.
Nhng c cht khc bit v nghia khi chung ta dung hai t nay noi v
ngi: normal people va ordinary people.
Normal people: la nhng ngi co suy nghi va c x ging nh nhng ngi khac.
Cn Ordinary people thi no co sc thai khac bit v nghia, mun noi ti s giau co
hay c a v trong xa hi, va no co nghia la nhng ngi binh thng, khng giau
co.
T ngc nghia vi ordinary la extraordinary no co nghia la rt c bit, khac
thng.
Cn i vi t usual. T nay hi khac vi hai t kia vi no co y noi ti thoi quen,
thng l nh my usual newspaperla t bao ma ti lun mua oc.
Chng ta thng gp cm t at the usual, co nghia la ni chn ma ban vn
thng gp, co th l quan ca ph.v.v. Trong trng hp nay khng th dung
t normal hay ordinary c.
Cc khach hang quen thuc khi vao quan co th goi their usual, co nghia la loai
ung ma ho vn thng goi!
Phn bit Particular, Special and Especial
C 3 t special, especial, particular u c s khc nhau v mt ngha v cch s
dng.
Special l mt tnh t thng gp, dng ch nhng vt, s vic, con ngi c c
im hay tnh cht khc bit so vi nhng vt, s vic, ngi khc. Khi dng tnh
t special, ngi ni mun nhn mnh n s khc bit so vi nhng ci bnh thng,
thng thng khc (distinguished).
vd: You're a very special person in my life - never forget that.
(ng bao gi qun rng em l mt ngi rt c bit trong cuc i anh). ngi
ni mun nhn mnh em ch khng phi l mt ngi no khc

- Especial t c s dng hn, ch trng hp ni tri, ng ch hn hn khi
c so snh vi nhng trng hp khc. Hin nay, especial ch c dng vi
mt s danh t nh value, interest... Especial thng nhn mnh s ngoi l
(exceptional ).
vd: The lecture will be of especial interest to history students.
(Bi ging ny s c bit thu ht nhng sinh vin lch s)-
*** Thng th ngi ta hay nhm ln gia hai tnh t especial v special v chng
c ngha hi ging nhau, u ch s c bit nhng particular li mang mt ngha
hon ton khc. Particular cng l mt tnh t thng gp, dng ch nhng c
nhn, s vt, s vic c th, chi tit. Tnh t ny nhn mnh vo s c th (specific)
ch khng phi s chung chung (general).
vd: There is one particular patient Id like you to see.
(Ti mun anh khm cho mt bnh nhn c bit ny).
Ba tnh t ny tuy c ngha v cch s dng khc nhau nhng hai ph
t especially v particularly li c cng ngha c bit hn tt c (above all)
v c dng nhm mc ch nhn mnh. Hai ph t ny cng ng ngha vi thnh
ng in particular.
vd: These butterflies are noticeable in April and May, especially in these meadows.
The road between Cairo and Alexandria is particularly dangerous at night. (Con
ng ni Cairo v Alexandra c bit nguy him vo ban m).
He loves science fiction in particular. (Anh y thch nht l truyn khoa hc vin
tng).
Cn ph t specially li c ngha l dnh ring cho mt i tng c th. Ph t
ny c dng trong trng hp mun nhn mnh mt mc ch c th.
This shower gel is specially designed for people with sensitive skins.
(Du gi ny dnh ring cho nhng ngi c da u nhy cm).
This computer programme is specially designed for children with learning
difficulties.
(Chng trnh my tnh ny c lp trnh ring cho nhng tr em gp kh khn
trong hc tp).

My father made this model aeroplane specially for me.

(B ti lm chic my bay m hnh ny ring cho ti).

"on the contrary" v "on the other hand"
- On the contrary l mt thnh ng c t u cu nhn mnh s tri ngc v
mt ngha ca cu vi cu ng trc. Thnh ng ny thng c th dng khi
a ra mt kin tri ngc vi kin c a ra hoc gii thiu mt thng
tin mi.
ex: We thought you didn't like opera. On the contrary, I love it..
The film must have been terrible. On the contrary, I enjoyed every minute.
- On the other hand c dng cng vi cm t on the one hand gii thiu, th
hin cc quan im, kin khc nhau v cng mt vn , c bit l khi nhng quan
im, kin ny tri ngc nhau. Hai cm t ny cn c dng th hin cc kha
cnh khc nhau ca vn .
ex: On the one hand this car is expensive; on the other hand, it's available and we
need it right now. (Mt mt th chic t ny rt t nhng mt khc, ch c sn
chic t ny v chng ta li cn n n ngay by gi).
On the one hand theyd love to have kids, but on the other hand, they dont want
to give up their freedom. (Mt mt h rt mun c con nhng mt khc, h li khng
mun mt t do).
clever - intelligent - smart
Bn vn thng dng cc t : clever, intelligent and smart nhng bn c bao gi
thc mc 3 t ny khc nhau nh th no khng? Mnh va mi hc c chng
nn mun post ln cho mi ngi cng hc y:

Ba t clever, smart v intelligent thng c hiu vi ngha thng minh nhng sc
thi ngha ca ba t ny c nt khc nhau.
- Intelligent l t mang ng ngha thng minh nht. Intelligent ng ngha
vi brainy, dng ch ngi c tr tu, t duy nhanh nhy v c suy ngh l-gc
hoc ch nhng s vt, s vic xut sc, l kt qu ca qu trnh suy ngh.

Her answer showed her to be an intelligent young woman. (Cu tr li ca c

y cho thy c y l mt c gi thng minh).
Smart l mt tnh t c rt nhiu ngha, trong cng c ngha gn ging
vi intelligent. Tuy nhin, intelligentch kh nng phn tch, gii quyt vn mt
cch khoa hc v hiu qu, cn smart li ch s nm bt nhanh nhy tnh hnh hoc
din bin ang xy ra.

He found an intelligent solution to this problem. (Anh y tm ra mt gii

php hp l cho vn ny).

Smart lawyers can effectively manipulate juries. (Nhng lut s gii c th tc

ng ln c hi ng xt x).
- Vi ngha thng minh, smart cn c dng vi nhng v kh c kh nng t nh
v mc tiu hoc c iu khin bng my tnh nh smart weapon, smart bomb.
Ngoi ra, smart cn c dng ch din mo bn ngoi, thng l ch cch n mc
ca mt ngi. Trong trng hp ny, smart mang ngha l sng sa, gn gng,
hay thi trang.

You look very smart in that suit. (Cu mc b vest trng bnh lm!)
Clever li ch s lanh li hoc khn ngoan.

As a child, she was a clever girl. (Ngay t b, n l mt c b lanh li).

She is clever to get what she wants. (C y t c nhng g mnh mun mt
cch khn ngoan).
Tuy nhin, clever thng c dng vi ngha lnh ngh, kho lo. Trong trng
hp ny, clever ng ngha viskilful.

He is clever with his hands. (Anh y rt kho tay).

Come v arrive

- Come v arrive cng c th dng din t vic "n "ni no .Nhng come th
lun i vi gii t to bt chp ni chn l g.Trong khi arrive th gii t i sau n
thay i ty theo ni chn pha sau
ex:
Come to the airport
Arrive at the airport
Come to HCM city
Arrive in HCM city
Trong nhng trng hp chng khng th thay th cho nhau:
ex:
- Come in ,please !(mi vo) (ng)
- Arrive in,please !(sai)
Trong mt s cu trc nghim ngi ta thng cho phn bit gia :go,arrive,reach v
come,bn hy luu7 mu cht ca vn l gii t pha sau (reach khng c gii
t :reach the airport)
MAYBE, PERHAPS, POSSIBLY
Tt ca cac t nay it nhiu u ging nhau. Ca ba t nay u cho thy la mt iu gi o
la co th xay ra, co th thc hin c, co th la co thc. v.v.
Tuy nhin s khac nhau thc s v nghia gia cac t nay la khi chung ta dung cac t
o va trong nhng ng canh c dung.
MAYBE, chung ta co th noi y la mt t khng trinh trong, thng c dung
trong ngn ng hang ngay, vi du nh trong cu: Maybe we'll skip school today. Hoc
la trong ng canh: "Are you going to Anna's party?" " Hmmm... maybe."
PERHAPS, chung ta co th noi y la mt t lich s hn, khng qua trinh trong ma
cung khng qua b ba. y la mt cach trung dung din ta kha nng co th xay ra,
chng han: "There were 200, perhaps 250, people at the theatre". Hay: "Perhaps we
should start again".
Possibly. Chung ta co th noi t "possibly" trinh trong hn hai t trn, c bit thng
c dung trong thoa thun hay bt ng. Chng han tra li cu hoi: "Do you
think he will apply for the job?", cu tra li co th la "Hmm. Possibly, possibly not".
Hay: "He may possibly decide to apply for the job".
Tom lai, nhin chung la, mc du khng phai trong tt ca moi trng hp, nhng
nhin chung la co s khac bit khi dung: "maybe" la thn mt, khng trinh trong,
con "perhaps" la trung dung hn, khng thn mt ma cung khng trinh trong,
va "possibly" la hi trinh trong hn mt chut.
SO - SUCH

So va Such ca hai co th dung nhn manh hay tng thm mc cua mt iu gi
o. No cung hi ging t Very.
Chung ta dung Such trc mt danh t va dung So trc mt tinh t. VD: I am so
happy today.
Happy la tinh t, va chung ta dung So: I am so happy today.
VD: I feel such happiness today.
Happines la danh t, chung ta dung such: I feel such happiness today.
Tuy nhin chung ta cung nn chu y moi ngi thng nhm ln khi danh t a co tinh
t i kem ri.
Chng han a happy person, danh t y la person, tinh t la happy.
Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, chung ta dung such: He is such a happy
person. ma khng dung so.
Tom lai, hay nh la khi dung So va Such, hay th kim tra xem ban mun nhn manh
cho mt danh t hay cho mt tinh t ma khng co danh t i kem tinh t o. Nu no
la mt cum danh t thi nh dung Such.
PERSON - PEOPLE

People trn thc t la dang s nhiu cua danh t person.
Chung ta noi v mt ngi - one person, va hai ngi - two people, nhiu ngi
- many people (VD : There were a lot of people at the concert)
Di khi chung ta gp t persons. Vi du: nu ban trong thang may ban co th thy
vit 'Four persons only'. T persons thng c dung trong ng canh trinh trong,
la dang s nhiu mang sc thai trinh trong hn.
Neu chung ta bt gp t peoples. Ngoai nghia la ngi, people con co th c dung
chi mt dn tc, nationality - tt ca ngi cua mt quc gia - vi th chung ta co vi
du: 'the people of Cuba'.
Khi chung ta noi v nhiu dn tc khac nhau, chung ta se phai dung t peoples, vi
du: 'the peoples of South America' - cac dn tc Nam My. y la mt cach dung hi
khac va it thng dung cua t peoples.
Va cui cung chung ta co th bt gp t person i cung vi mt con s. Vi du: 'a
two-person car' mt chic xe hai ch ngi. Trong trng hp nay t person c
dung trong mt cum t co chc nng nh mt tinh t, b nghia cho danh t 'car' va
trong trng hp nh th nay chung ta khng thm ch -s vao mt tinh t. Tng
t chung ta noi 'a two-week holiday' - mt ky nghi hai tun lin, ch khng noi 'a
two-weeks holiday', hay ' a three-year course', ch khng phai la 'a three-years
course'.
Tom lai, chung ta thy people la danh t s nhiu cua person - one person, three
people. i khi t people c dung chi mt dn tc vi th chung ta se bt gp
t peoples chi cac dn tc, quc gia khac nhau, va i khi t persons c dung
s nhiu trong vn vit chinh thc, trinh trong, hay trong cac bin chi dn.
Think of - Think about

Think of thng co nghia la tng tng - imagine Think about" thng co nghia
gn hn vi - consider - xem xet, suy nghi.
VD : I am thinking of a tropical beach, please don't interrupt me." co nghia la ti
ang nghi ti, tng tng ra hinh anh b bin nhit i, ti ang m v ni o v
ng lm phin ti
VD : They are thinking about whether to agree to the sale" thi "think about" y co
nghia la ang suy nghi, xem xet - they are considering the sale.
Tuy nhin khi chung ta noi v ngi, chung ta thng dung ca hai va u co nghia
tng t nh nhau.
Chung ta cng co th dung ca hai Think of va Think about: "I'm thinking of you,"
hay "I'm thinking about you", va nghia cua hai cu nay khng khac nhau la bao.
1) Deserted/ desert / dessert (D lm trong cch pht m ):
- Deserted / di'z:tid/ (adjective): hoang vng, hiu qunh
- Desert / 'dezt/ (noun): sa mc
- Dessert / di'z:t/ (noun): mn trng ming

2) Sometime/ Sometimes:
- Sometime
o (adjective): trc kia, trc y
o (Ph t bt nh): mt lc no
- Sometimes (adverb): thnh thong, i lc

3) Beside / besides:
- Beside / bi'said/ (preposition): so vi, gn vi, bn cnh ai/ ci g
- Besides / bi'saidz/
o (adverb): hn na, v li
o (preposition): ngoi ra, bn cnh .

4) Thank for/ thanks to:
- Thank for : Cm n v (vic g )
- Thanks to : Nh vo

5) Make:
- Make + ngi + V
nguyn mu
: sai bo ai lm g.
- Make + ngi/ vt + tnh t: lm cho, khin cho.

5&rsquo Make:
- Make of: lm t (nhng cn thy cht liu ban u )
- Make from: lm t (nhng khng cn thy cht liu ban u )

6) Every day/ Everyday:
- Ci ny nh thy ca tui ni chng khc nhau v tr trong cu thi. Khng
nh l g. Chc Everyday thng ng u cu.

7) Approximate/ Appropriate/ Appreciate (My ch ny tui hay ln qua l vi
nhau )
- Approximate / 'prksimt/ (adjective): gn nh, gn chnh xc (nhng
khng hn th ), xp x
- Appropriate / 'prouprit/ (adjective): thch hp, thch ng
- Appreciate / 'pri:ieit/ (verb): nh gi ng, hiu r gi tr.

Fury / Furry:
- Fury / 'fjuri/ (noun): Cn gin d in cung, cn thnh n
- Furry / 'f:ri/ (adject): nh lng th, bng da/ lng th, ging nh da, gi da

9) Commend/ Comment:
- Commend / k'mend/ (verb): Khen ngi, tn dng
- Comment / 'kment/ (verb): bnh lun, ph bnh (ngha ca comment rng
hn commend: c khen ln ch )

10) Horror/ Hero (Hai t ny tui hay ln gha ca nhau ):
- Horror / 'hr/ (noun): phim kinh d
- Hero / 'hirou/ (noun): ngi anh hng

11) Concerned/ Concerted:
- Concerned / kn's:nd/ (adjective): lo u, c lin quan
- Concerted / kn's:tid/ (adjective): c bn tnh

12) Intend v Intent:
- Intend /intend/ (verb): c nh => Intent /intent/ (noun): nh

13) Sole/ Soul (Cch pht m ging nhau ):
- Sole /soul/: c mt khng hai
- Sould /soul/: linh hn

14) Another/ others/ the other/ the others/ the other + Noun (plural) [Ci ny
chp y chang ca thy Cucku]:
- Another: mt no [Dng cho danh t s t, khng xc nh]
- Others: nhng khc [Dng cho danh t s nhiu, khng xc nh]
- The other: cn li [Dng cho danh t s t, xc nh]
- The others: nhng cn li [Dng cho danh t s nhiu, xc nh]
- The others = The other + Noun (plural)

15) Almost/ Almost of/ Almost all of/ Most of all [Chp y chang ca thy Cucku]
- Almost: gn nh, hu nh
- Almost of: hu ht + Noun
- Almost all of: gn nh tt c
- Most of all: trn ht thy, nht

16) Because, as, since, for = bi v, v [Thng tin ly t bi vit ca Moon Light]
- Because: Dng a ra mt l do cho mt iu g (Ci ny th ai cng
bit ri, khng cn phn tch nhiu )
- As: Used to state why a particular situation exists or why someone does
something (Theo tui as y dng : [Cng nh nhng t khc, n c
dng : din t l do v c tnh hung ny nn mi dn n tnh hung tip
theo]. Nhng: l do dn ti l mt iu hin nhin, khng quan trng. Khi ni
ra nguyn nhn th khng cn phi gii thch thm g na. Nu c ai hi th
c quyn im lng v hi nhm. )
o V d: As it was raining hard, we could not start.
- Since (Dng ging nh As nhng Since dng trong tnh hung trang trng
hn )
o V d:
Since there is no more to be said, the meeting ends.
Since Sunday is a day off, I dont go to work on that day.
- For: Use to introduce the reason for something (Theo tui, for c dung
: cung cp cho ngi nghe thng tin m h cha h bit n: v nguyn
nhn ca iu c ni trc . Khc vi Sine v As, l do trong cu s
dng For th khng phi l hin nhin. Ngi nghe c th hi thm thng tin
na. ny tui cng khng chc, phn tch v d xem sao )
o V d:
I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for I have never
seen her. (Ngi nghe c th hi tip cu l: C sng u m
bn cha gp c c? )
He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight
was beginning to fail. (Ngi nghe c th hi tip: Nguyn nhn
g m mt nh suy gim d vy? )

Cn nu v d nh As v Since trn:

Since there is no more to be said, the meeting ends. (Ngi nghe hi

na: Ti sao khng cn g ni? B ht chuyn ri h? Mnh c quyn
im lng, hoc tr li li: Khng cn g ni l khng cn g ni ch
sao. Ht rihoc ngi nghe hi: Nguyn nhn g m cuc hp phi kt
thc ->thng tin cung cp pha trc ri, u cn l do no khc. )

Measure v method
Measure(s): bin php. M, Measure cn c ngha l mt bn d tho lut a ra
cho dn bu cng mt lc khi chn ngi i din cho mnh trong mt cuc tuyn c.
Method: phng php.
Lu cm t hay c x dng:
- Khi ni v vn lin h n k thut, method of/for doing something c dng
rng ri. Nhng th khc, ngi ta chung way of doing/to do something.
The research project aims to develope new methods for trapping solar energy.(NOT
ways of trapping/ways to trap)
There are several methods of answering the question.(incorrect)
There are several ways of answering the question.
We'll find a new method of amusing ourselves. (incorrect)
We'll find a new way of amusing ourselves.
1. Valuable v Precious (adj.)
- Valuable : qu gi, c gi tr; c bit nhn mnh n tnh cht him c nh khi
ta ni "a valuable watch" (mt ci ng h eo tay him c hay "a valuable
painting" (mt bc tranh qu ...
- Precious : qu gi; nhng hm nhng g c gi tr thc t rt cao, rt t gi.
Tnh t ny thng i vi nhng danh t ch cc kim loi qu, vng bc, quy, ...
nh khi ta ni "precious stones" ( qu , "the pecious metals" (nhng kim loi
qu ...
- Khi ch nhng gi tr v tinh thn, ta dng precious vi ngha: c qu trng,
c yu thng, ng trn qu...
e.g. Fishing in the garden of my grandmother is the most precious memory of my
childhood.
Cu c trong vn b ti l k nim ng ghi nh nht ca ti thi th u.
- Khi ni v tin tc, kinh nghim, nhng li khuyn, s gip ... ta
dng valuable vi ngha: rt hu ch, ng gi, rt quan trng...
e.g. Bond issues often contain valuable information showing how local
communities evision their growth.
S pht hnh tri phiu thng cha ng nhng thng tin hu ch cho thy cc
cng ng a phng hnh dung s pht trin ca h nh th no.
2. Worth v Worthwhile (adj.)
- Worth: ng gi, c gi.
e.g. This old book is worth four dollars.
Cun sach c ny ng gi 4 la.
- Khi hi v gi tr ca mt vt, ta c th dng worth i vi what hoc how much.
e.g. How much / What is that piano worth?
Cy dng cm tr gi bao nhiu vy?
- Trong ngn ng thng m, ngi ta u dng ng t cost hi gi, thay v cu
trc trn: How much / What does itcost?
- Ta khng dng danh t worth ni v gi tr ti sn ca ai . Chng
hn, khng ni: "The worth of her house is now excess of $800,000". Thay vo ,
ta dng danh t value: "The value of her house is now excess of $800,000." (Tr gi
cn nh c ta hin gi vt qu 800000
- Worthwhile: ng gi, b cng, xng ng. Cu trc thng dng : worthwhile + V-
ing (xng ng b thi gian / b cng lm vic g
e.g. Is it worthwhile visiting Las Vegas?
C ng b thi gian thm Las Vegas khng?
3. Price - Cost - Charge (Noun)
- Price v Cost u l danh t ch s tin bn cn mua ci g.
- Price thng dng cho cc vt c th mua v bn:
e.g. The price of eggs / cars (gi mua trng / gi mua xe)
Oil price (gi xng du)
- Cost thng ch cc dch v hay qu trnh; hoc gi c ni chung m khng cp
mt mn tin c th:
e.g. The cost of getting married (Ph tn cho vic kt hn)
Production costs (Chi ph sn xut)
The cost of living (Chi ph sinh hot)
- Charge l s tin bn c yu cu phi tr dng ci g hoc c s
dng mt dch v:
e.g. Electricity charges (Tin in nc)
There is no charge for parking here.
Khng phi tr ph u xe y.
- Price, cost v charge cng l nhng ng t:
e.g. The tickets were priced at $25. (V c nim yt vi gi 25
Our trip didn't cost very much. (Chuyn i ca ti ti khng tn nhiu)
How much do they charge for a pizza? (H phi tr bao nhiu mua pizza
n?)
4. Costly v Expensive (Adj.)
- Expensive: t tin, tn nhiu tin
- Costly: t tin, c bit ch ci gi cao hn nhiu so vi gi bn mun mua.
- Historic: miu t ci g qu quan trng n mc ngi ta s mi nh ti n.
e.g. Today is a historic occasion for our country.
- Historical: miu t ci g c lin h ti qu kh/lch s, hoc ci g thc s
din ra trong qu kh.
e.g. I have been doing some historical research. (nhng nghin cu c lin quan ti
lch s/qu kh)
Was Robin Hood a historical figure? (Robin Hooh c phi l mt hnh tng c
tht trong lch s khng?)
INTRODUCE V RECOMMEND
1. Who introduced you to this club?
Ai gii thiu anh ti cu lc b ny?
(tc l: ai lm cho anh bit ti cu lc b ny, ai lm cho cu lc b ny
bit ti anh, ai cho php anh tham gia vo cu lc b ny nh l 1 thnh vin?)
2. Who recommended you for admission to this club?
Ai gii thiu anh tham gia vo cu lc b ny?
(tc l: ai gii thiu anh v ni rng anh ph hp vi cu lc b?)
3. Recommend, ch khng phi Introduce, c dng ng ngha vi Advise khi
mang ngha "khuyn".
e.g. Who recommended / advised you to see an eye specialist?
Ai khuyn anh i coi bnh vi 1 chuyn gia v mt?
(ta khng dng that-clause sau recommend/advise)
4. recommend someone = speak well of someone: ni tt v ai .
5. introduce someone (to someone else): gii thiu 1 ngi vi 1 ngi (hai ngi
cha bit nhau, l ln gp u tin).
e.g. Marion introduced Tom to her friends.
6. be introduced (into): c a vo s dng, c c ln u tin.
e.g. I wonder when tomatoes were introduced into Europe.
1. artificial (adj.) made or produced to copy sth natural; not real. (c lm hoc sn
xut bt chc cho ging ci g t nhin; khng c tht).
Collocations: artificial flower (hoa gi, lm bt chc hoa tht)
artificial light (n dng nh sng in t, khng phi nh sng mt
tri)
artificial limb (chn, tay gi)
artificial sweetener (cht pha cho ngt lm bng cht liu ha hc)
artificial fertilizer (phn bn nhn to, khng phi lm bng vt cht
t nhin).
=> artificial dng ch ci g c lm sao cho ging nhng ci trong t nhin c.
2. false (adj.) not natural (gi, khng tht nh t nhin)
Collocations: false teeth (rng gi)
false beard (tc gi)
false eyelashes (lng mi gi)
false passport (cn cc gi)
3. untrue (adj.) not true; not based on facts (khng ng vi s tht)
Collocation: untrue claim (li h ho khng ng s tht)
4. real (adj.) ci g real th thc s tn ti hay xy ra v khng th tng tng c.
e.g. Was it real or was it a dream? ( l thc (thc s xy ra) hay ch l gic
m?)
Collocations: real flower (hoa tht)
real life (i thc)
real world (th gii ngoi i thc)
real leather (da tht)
real name (tn tht)
5. true (adj.) mt ci g true nu n ph hp vi cc s vic c bit ch khng to
ra.
e.g. Is the news true? (Tin tc ng ch)
A movie based on a true story. (Mt phim in nh da trn mt cu truyn c
thc (tc l cu chuyn c ngi ta bit n))
Collocations: true face (b mt/bn cht tht)
true character (bn cht/c tnh tht)
true word (li ni tht)
true love (tnh yu chn tht)
unreal exam (k thi th) (nhng mock test - bi thi th)
6. real v true c dng qua li khi ni v ci thc s "ng" khi n khc vi v
ngoi
e.g. Tell me the real / true reason why he resigned. (Ni cho ti bit l do ng
(thc s sau v ngoi) do s t chc ca ng)
7. genuine (adj.) tht (khng b lm gi)
Collocations: genuine painting (bc ha chnh gc)
genuine refugee (ngi t nn tht)
genuine + cc loi giy t m bn c cp chnh thc (visa,
passport...) (phn ngha ca true + N)
genuine person (mt con ngi thit tnh)
1. fatal (adj.) - quan trng v c tnh cht quyt nh (khi ni v nhng g trm trng)
e.g. He was at Pearl Harnor on the fatal day.
(ng ta c mt Trn Chu Cng vo ci ngy nh mnh y)
- ch t, cht ngi (gy ra hoc dn cht ci cht - chc chn dn n
ci cht)
Collocations: fatal accident (tai nn gy cht ngi)
fatal blow (n ch mng)
fatal illness (cn bnh ch t)
- gy ra tai ha hoc tht bi.
Collocations: fatal error / mistake (li lm cht ngi)
fatal flaw (thiu st / sai lm gy tai ha)
2. lethal (adj.) gy ra hoc c kh nng dn n ci cht. (c kh nng thi)
Collocations: lethal dose (liu thuc lm cht ngi (nhng bit u c
th cu sng nu em v nh thng kp lc))
lethal weapon (v kh gy st thng)
lethal blow cng c dng nhng blow y khng
phi ngha en nh fatal blow (n - c nh ch mng), m mang ngha bng,
nh trong cu: The closure of the factory dealth a lethal blow to the town. (Vic kt
nghip nh my ging n ch mng vo th trn, tc l gy ra kh khn h trng vo
th trn).
1. expand (verb) (lm cho) tr nn ln hn v kch c, s lng, hoc tm quan
trng. (nh kim loi (metal), s lng ngi (number), t vng (vocabulary)
, size, mt h thng (system), mt sn nghip cng ty (company), hay ngha tru
tng nh vai tr (role), lnh th t nc ...)
2. extend (verb) lm cho ci g di ra hn, thm rng hn, ln hn. (thng l
ngha en, nh ci nh, ci hng ro, con ng, hay mt khu vc...).
Ngoi ra, ng t extend cng c dng vi ngha "ko di hiu lc" ca mt th
thc (visa), hay hn cht (deadline),thi gian s dng (tui th) ca mt my
mc no .
expect v anticipate
1. expect : trng ch, mong i. Nu ta expect mt vic g s din ra, th tc l ta tin
rng vic s xy ra.
e.g. He expects that they will come.
Hn trng mong h s n. (V hn tin rng h s n)
Cu trc vi ng t expect:
- expect + O + to infinivite
- expect (that) + S + V
Hai cu trc ny i khi c d di cho l c th dng thay th cho nhau. Song,
vn c s khc bit v ng ngha:
e.g. I expect David will come to the party.
I expect David to come to the party.
cu u, ch thun tu l mt s tin tng n gin m thi.
Nhng cu sau, ngi ni mun m ch rng "ti rt mun David n", v rng
nu David khng n th "ti s tht vng v bc mnh gh lm".
ng t expect din t s trng ch thin v tr c hn l cm xc, ngha l
ta expect iu g xy ra, th ta c l do tt tin rng vic s din ra thc s.
2. anticipate : trng i. Nu ta anticipate mt vic g s din ra, th tc l ta tin rng
vic s xy ra, v ta sn sng, c chun b cho s vic . (im mu cht)
e.g. A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience's needs and concerns.
Mt nh din thuyt gii c th mong i thnh gi nhng nhu cu v quan
ngi, v chun b sn sng cho nhng nhu cu, quan ngi .
(Tc l ng ta tin rng thnh gi s c nhu cu v quan ngi no , ng thi
ng cng d liu sn sng tho mn chng)

Normal c dng m t ci g m bn mong i n s tng t vi nhng
th khc cng loi.
e.g. We are open during normal working hours.
Chng ti s m ca sut gi lm vic thng thng (tc l nhng gi lm vic
ging vi gi mi ngi thng hay nh sn)
Your temperature is back to normal.
Thn nhit ca em tr li bnh thng ri. (bnh thng, so snh vi thn nhit
bnh thng ca nhng ngi khc)
Usual ng ngha v c dng c bit ni v ci g xy ra hoc c thc
hin sut hu ht thi gian, hay trong hu ht cc trng hp.
e.g. I'll see you at the usual time.
Tao s gp my gi mnh thng gp. (tc l trong hu ht trng hp, h gp
nhau vo ci gi
She had all the usual teenage problems.
C c tt c nhng kh khn m tui teen thng mc phi. (nhng kh khn
xy ra trong hu ht thi gian tui teen)
Ordinary c dng khi bn ang a ra mt i chiu vi ci g khc bt
thng hay c bit theo mt cch no .
e.g. It began as just an ordinary Saturday, but soon became a day I would never
forget.
Ngy hm bt u ging nh mt ngy Cha nht thng l, nhng khng
lu sau ngy tr thnh ci ngy ti khng bao gi qun.
(Ci bnh thng so snh vi ci bt thng m "khng th qun"
He was clearly no ordinary student.
R rng hn khng phi l mt sinh bnh thng. (tc l ni bt hn nhng hc
sinh bnh thng khc)
global v world khi lm phn s b ng cho danh t, c ngha chung l: things that
affect or happen everywhere in the world (nhng iu tc ng hoc xy ra mi ni
trn th gii). Hn nhin, cch dng ca chng cng c vi nt d bit, nh sau:
* world : use this to talk about something that exists everywhere in the world, affects
the whole world, or is the best or most important in the world
(s dng world ni v nhng g hin hu mi ni trn th gii, c tc ng n
ton th gii, hoc l th tt nht / ti quan trng trn th gii)
The top 50 multi-national companies control about 80% of world trade.
Top 50 cng ty a quc gia kim sot khong 80% nn thng mi th gii.
At that time Britain was a major world power.
Vo thi in ny, Anh i Li l mt cng quc chnh trn th gii.
Islam is one of the great world religions.
Hi gio l mt trong nhng tn gio ln c mt trn th gii.
Jones is a world expert in genetics.
Jones l chuyn gia v di truyn hc gii giang trn th gii.

* global : [adjective only before noun] affecting the whole world - use this especially
to talk about political or economic situations
( [tnh t b ng, khng dng dng v ng] nh hng n ton th gii - ta c
bit s dng global trong lnh vc chnh tr / kinh t)
Campaigners have called for a global ban on landmines.
Nhng ngi tham gia chin dch i mt nghim cm dng a li trn ton cu.
Multinational companies create, in effect, a global economy.
Cc cng ty a quc gia to ra mt nn kinh t ton cu ang hin dng
Scientists at an international conference have been discussing global warming and
its possible effects.
Nhng khoa hc gia mt hi ngh quc t ang tranh lun v nn tri t nng
ln v cc h qu kh d m n gy ra.
T NG NGHA CA "CHEAP" (Synonyms of "Cheap" )
(1) cheap (adj.) th g c coi l cheap nu nh th tn t rt t tin mua,
v thng l t tin hn bn ngh. [r]
(2) economical (adj.) s dng tnh t ny vi xe c (vehicles), my mc (machines),
hay phng cch lm chuyn g (ways of doing things) m chng khng lm ph
nhiu tin, nhin liu, etc. [tit kim]
(3) inexpensive (adj.) khng t tin, thng dng ch nhng g r m tt. [r m
tt]
(4) budget (attributive adj. - tnh t b ng, ch ng trc danh t) thng dng
trc cc danh t: hotels, flights, accommodation, airplines... ch nhng dch v
ny c gi thp. [gi thp]

For three of the sentences below, there is a better word that you could use
than "cheap". Choose the best word for each sentence and use each synonym
once. ('s excercise, done by StevenVu)

1 - The quality of the food is good, but of course it's not cheap. (cheap, budget,
inexpensive, economical).
Cht lng ca mn n tt, nhng hn nhin n khng r.
2 - I need a good, safe car that is economical. (cheap, budget, inexpensive,
economical) to run.
Tao cn mt chic xe hn cht lng tt, an ton, v tit kim nhin liu xi.
3 - Can you recommend a good, inexpensive (cheap, budget, inexpensive,
economical) restaurant here?
Em c th gii thiu mt nh hng c cht lng tt m r y c khng ?
4 - Our website is the best guide to budget (cheap, budget, inexpensive, economical)
airlines on the web.
Trang mng ca chng ti l hng o tt nht v nhng hng hng khng gi
r trn mng li.
ban | forbid | not allow | prohibit.
Kho st cc v d sau:
- Parking has been banned in this street. u xe trn con ng ny b cm.
Dng be banned (th ng cch) i vi nhng trng hp ngi ra lnh cm
l nh cm quyn.
- Cars have been banned from parking. Xe hi b cm u.
Mu cu: be banned from doing something (b cm lm iu g ).
- You are not allowed to park in this street. Anh khng c php u xe con
ng ny.
Khi ni ai khng c php lm g, dng not be allowed to do something.
- It is prohibited to park in this street. Cm u xe con ng ny.
It + be + prohibited + to infinitive : dng ch t gi "IT" vi prohibit.
- The Jews are forbidden to eat camels and prawns. Ngi Do Thi b cm n tht
lc v tm pa-an.
Dng be forbidden vi nhng s vic tn gio, tn ngng.
ompulsory (adj.)
Ci g c coi l compulsory l th n phi c thc hin, s
dng, hoc cung cp theo mt iu l hay lut php.
Smoke detectors are compulsory in all new buildings.
My d khi phi c s dng tt c cc cao c mi xy.
Compulsory education (=when all children have to go to school) was introduced in
1870.
Gio dc bt buc (tc l khi tt c nhi ng phi i hc) c thc hin nm
1870.
Ta c cc mu cu vi compulsory:
compulsory for

Maths and English are compulsory for all students.
Ton hc v Anh ng l mn bt buc i vi tt c hc sinh.

it is compulsory (for somebody) to do something


be obliged to do something (formal)
phi lm chuyn g v mt iu l hp php hay chuyn mn.

Doctors are obliged by law to try to keep their patients alive.
Bc s c ngha v l c gng cu sng bnh nhn.
Members of parliament are obliged to declare all their financial interests.
Thnh vin ca Ngh vin c ngha v thng bo tt c nhng li tc ti chnh ca
h.
sensitive v sensible
C hai tnh t ny u lin quan n ng ngha ca danh t sense: gic quan, s
nhy cm, c phn on, s khn ngoan.
Tnh t sensible lin quan n ngha: l phi, khn ngoan, c l. Mt ngi c
m t l "sensible" khi anh (c ) ta a ra nhng quyt nh, nhn xt da vo l l
hn l s xc cm, tnh cm.
e.g. He was a sensible person and did not panic.
Hn ta l mt k sng sut v khng hong ht.
Cn tnh t sensitive lin quan n ngha: nhy cm. "A sensitive person" l ngi
d bi ri, d b xc phm, d bun v tht vng do nhng thi hay cch c x ca
ngi khc.
e.g. Don't laugh at her; she's very sensitive.
ng c ci nho c v c rt l nhy cm.
Nhng nu ta ni rng, mt ngi no l "sensitive to" vi nhng vn hay
cm ngh ca ngi khc th c ngha l ta m ch ngi biu l s cm thng, am
hiu v s vic ca ngi khc.
e.g. He's trying to make people more sensitive to the difficulties faced by workers.
ng ang c lm cho ngi ta thng cm hn vi nhng kh khn m cng
nhn phi i din.
* Continuous/ Consecutive
- Continuous: not having any break or gaps in it; Consecutive: following one after
another without interruption; successive.
- Continuous = Sut, khng dt; Consecutive = lin tip.
- Theo tui hiu th c 2 u c ngha din t mt iu g lin tc khng
ngt nhng Continuous nghe c v nh n bt u ngay t u v c tip din
hai, khng ngt cn Consecutive th ht ci ny ri ti ci cng lai tip ni
theo. CiContinuous nghe n c v tn nhiu cng sc v hat ng lin tc hn
l Consecutive.

* Beneath/ Underneath: Hai ch ny ngha gn nh tng t nhau. C th thay th
cho nhau.

* Amid/ During
Hai ci ny u c ng ngha nhau u ta ?!?!?
- Amid: gia, gia. Trng t ch ni chn.
- During: trong lc; trong thi gian. Trng t ch thi gian.

* Infection/ Contagious
Hai ci ny u c ngha l ly nhim, truyn nhim. Khc nhau ch:
- Contagious l tnh t ni v nhng ci ly nhim t c th ny sang c th khc
bng vic tip xc trc tip vi ngi bnh hoc c th/ vt th mang bnh. V d cc
bnh ngai da, AIDS th dng contagious.
- Infectious cng l ly nhng khng cn tip xc trc tip, khng cn chm vo
ngi bnh th mi b ly. N c th ly qua mi trng sng nh khng kh, nc.
V d: Bnh cm th mnh dng infectious
IMPORTANT TO & IMPORTANT FOR
Nu mt th g 'quan trng' i vi bn m th c nh hng trc tip vi
bn, cn thit vi bn, bn dng important for.
(I am a medical student). (So) English is important for me/my career/my studies.
Cn th g bn coi n l quan trng v bn quan tm suy ngh nhiu v n nhng tht
ra n khng nh hng hoc lm bn phi thay i v n, bn c th chn important
to.
This watch is important to me because it belonged to my great grandfather.

Nguyn tc chung l: sau nhng ch nh remember, forget, stop g
, m dung to do something ngha l hnh ng to do ny xy ra sau hnh
ng remember/forget/stop; nu dungV_ing th ngha l hnh ng V_ing ny
xy ra trc hnh ng remember/forget/stop ri
+/ To remember to do sth v To remember doing sth
Remember to do something: Nh lm mt iu g . V d:
Remember to turn off the light when you go out. Theo ngha ca cu ny,
n mang ngha l mt s cn dn, hnh ng turn off the light xy ra sau ci
hnh ng remember (Hoc c th ni: lc ni cu ra, hnh ng turn off
the light cha xy ra )
Remember doing something: Nh mt chuyn m mnh lm. V d: I
remembersending your e-mail already. Why is it here? = a tui nh l gi
th gim bn ri m. Sao gi thy n nm y?
+/ To forget to do sth v To forget doing sth
8.forget + to + V: qun phi lm g
forget + Ving :qun lm g.
John forgot ________ his ticket so he was not allowed ________ the club
John qun l mnh phi mang theo v vo cng: ci vic mang theo v cha xy
ra.
Mt v d tnh hung cho d nhn bit hai trng hp ny:
T: Cht ri, tao qun kha ca lc ti mnh i khi nh ri. (Qun y
dng dng: forget + to Verb. ng l ra vic phi lm l kha ca m qun
mt tiu.) To: My khng h. My qun l my nhc tao kha ca th
c. (Qun y dung dng: forget + V_ing. Qun mt vic lm, m vic
trong tnh hung ny l: nhc To kha ca.)
Nhn chung th vn l: to Verb l hnh ng xy ra sau forget (Hoc c th
ni l lc ni cu , th hnh ng to bring his ticket cha xy ra.); V_ing l
hnh ng xy ra trc hnh ng forget ri.
+/ To stop to do sth v To stop doing sth
Stop to do something: Dng li cng vic mnh ang lm lm mt hnh
ng ca to do something. V d:Putting his working on that masterpiece
away, Jackson Pollock stopped to smoke. = sang mt bn vic sang tc
ca mnh, Jackson Pollock ngh tay ht thuc. (Ngh tay xong ri mi i
ht thuc. Cng nh nguyn tc chung trn: hnh ng to do something xy
ra sau stop)
Stop doing something: Ngng ci vic m mnh ang lm. V d: Jackson
Pollock stopped smoking and continued working on his masterpiece.
= Jackson Pollock ngng vic ht thuc li vo bt u v tranh tip
tc. (SauContinue c hai trng hp V_ing v to Verb na nha bn. tui
xem li sau. M tui ngh chc vi ca cu trn, dung continued working l
ng ri. )
Pick/choose/select
C ba ch u c ngha l la,chn. Trong ba ch ny, select c tnh trang trng
nht, ch thuc gc Latin thng l vy. Ngi ta dng ch select, ngha l chn,
vi s suy ngh cn nhc, cn thn khi chn v s vic/vt/ngi c chn thng
nhiu hn l ch c hai. Th d: Englands Robert Green was selected to play as
a goalkeeper in the game against the USA yesterday. (Robert Green c chn
lm th thnh cho i tuyn Anh trong trn u vi i tuyn M hm qua). Ng
s cn thn ca t select b mt khi n i vi nhng ch nh (select) at random/
randomly.
Pick c dng trong s la chn c nhiu hn l hai, nhng bao hm ngha c
chn mt cch ty tin, khng h thng hoc phng php r rng. Th d: Pick any
number between 1 and 36 (Hy chn bt k mt s no t s 1 n s 36). (NOT
Select any number from 1 to 36)
Choose, tuy cng mang tnh cn nhc cn thn, thng c dng khi s la khng
nhiu, i khi ch c hai. Th d: Choose the light beer as the strong is much more
expensive (Hy chn loi bia c nng thp v loi bia c nng ru cao
t tin hn nhiu). Nht l khi ng trc between. Th d: We have to choose
between doing geography and studying French. (Chng ta phi chn hc mn a
l hoc l mn Php vn). Ngoi l l khi choose i vi from, s la chn s nhiu
hn l ch c hai. Th d: When it comes to dictionaries, there are hundreds of them
tochoose from (V t in c c trm loi chn)
Pick cn l mt danh t. Danh t ca choose l choice, ca select l selection.
Nhng nhm ch bn thng nghe ni l make your choice, take your pick
v make your selection


Trong ba ch happen/occur/take place, ch happen thng dng nht. Ngi ta x
dng happen cho nhng vic xy ra tnh c, khng c hoch nh trc.
Be sure to remember me to Lan if you happen to see her in Da Lat. = Nu bn c (tnh
c) gp Lan trn Lt, xin anh cho ti gi li thm.
No one knows what will happen next.
Bn cng c th dng n ni v kt qu ca mt hnh ng no :
I dont know what will happen if my father finds out.
Happen to l mt phrasal verb, happen khng i vi gii t with:
I dont know what happened to him. (NOT happened with )
Occur c cng cch x dng nh happen, nhng l mt ch c tnh trang trng (more
formal).
Heart attacks frequently occur without any warning.
Occur cn c dng ch s hin din, tn ti ca mt s vt/vic g :
These plants occur in ponds. = Nhng loi cy ny thy ao.
Occur to l mt phrasal verb c ngha l cht ny ra ngh:
Its just occurred to me that if we want to go to the seashore for our vacation we
should make reservation in advance. =Ti cht ngh nu chng ta ra b bin ngh mt,
chng ta nn t ch trc.
Take place c dng cho nhng vic c c xp t trc:
The wedding of The Crown Princess of Sweden will take place on June 19, 2010.
(NOTwill happen/occur )
Work v Job
Trc ht, v mt ng php, work va l mt ng t li va l mt danh t,
trong khi job ch l danh t thi.
Gi chng ta s ni ti ngha ca cc t ny.
Work - lm vic - l mt hot ng m bn dng ti n lc hay nng lng, thng
l t c mt mc ch hay nhim v g ch khng phi l vui chi, gii
tr. T ny ngc hn ngha vi t play, v to work c ngha l thc hin hnh ng
.
Nhn chung, chng ta lm vic kim tin v chng ta thng dng t ny nh mt
ng t; miu t nhng g vic chng ta lm kim tin. V d: I work for the
BBC - Ti lm cho i BBC. David works in a caf - David lm mt qun caf.
Trong cc v d ny, chng ta khng bit chnh xc nhim v hay trch nhim ca
ngi l g. David lm vic qun caf nhng chng ta khng bit anh y lm
vic dn dp, phc v bn, hay nu n.
V th work c mt ngha chung chung, trong khi job li rt c th, v ngha thng
dng nht ca t ny l tn ca chnh cng vic m bn lm kim tin. V d,
David has now got a new job. He is a cook in a small restaurant. David va kim
c vic mi. Anh lm u bp ti mt tim n nh.
Trong v d ny, chng ta bit chnh xc cng vic m David lm l g v chng ta
bit job - ngh ca anh y l g.
Tm li, chng ta c th ni rng t job ch mt ngh, mt cng vic c th hay mt
v tr ngh nghip no , nh cook - u bp,teacher - gio vin, hay banker - nhn
vin ngn hng, trong khi work ni ti mt hnh ng lm vic chung chung.
iu th v l mi ngh nghip, cng vic - jobs - u phi lin quan ti vic lm
- work - nhng lm vic li khng phi lc no cng l mt phn ca ngh nghip.
V d, mt ngi c th working in their garden - lm vic trong vn, c th ct
c, trng hoa. Tuy nhin l hot ng vo thi gian rnh ri ca ngi , ch
khng phi l mt phn cng vic m h vn lm kim tin ca ngi .
Khi l ng t, work cn c cc ngha khc, chng hn, nu bn t mt chic my
lm vic nh th no, tc l bn gii thch n hot ng ra sao.
V d: Can someone show me how the photocopier works? I don't know how to
use it. - Ai c th ch cho ti my photocopy lm vic nh th no khng? Ti khng
bit dng n nh th no c.
Tng t, bn c th dng t work ni nu chic my lm vic/hot ng tt.
V d: Don't try to use that computer. It doesn't work. We are waiting for the
engineer to fix it. - ng c dng my tnh . N khng lm vic. Chng ti ang
i th n sa n.
Cui cng, mc d job l tn gi cng vic m bn lm kim tin, job cng ch
mt vic c th m bn phi lm; mt vic i hi lm vic v mt vic bn c th
xc nh c th.
V d: I have a few jobs to do at home this weekend. I need to paint my bedroom,
fix a broken door and cut the grass.- Ti c mt vi cng vic phi lm nh vo
cui tun. Ti cn phi qut vi phng ng, cha ci ca ra vo b hng v ct c.
I've been working hard for the last few hours so I think it's time for me to take a
break- Ti lm vic rt chm ch trong sut my ting ng h va qua ri, v th
ti ngh l n lc ti c th ngh ngi.
Fortunately, the work that I do in my job is very interesting, so even though it
is hard work, I don't think I will look for another job! - Rt may l cng vic m
ti lm trong ngh ca mnh l kh th v, v vy mc d cng kh vt v nhng ti
khng ngh l ti s i kim mt ngh/mt cng vic khc

So and Therefore
- So as an adverb: Cng vy ( khi lp li ni). Ex: I was wrong but so were
you. (so=also)
- So v therefore cng l adverb v conjunction, v cng c ngha bi vy cho
nn th d nhm khi dng. Trong trng hp so lm conjunction, v therefore lm
conjunctive adverb ni 2 mnh c lp trc so, dng du phy comma, trc
therefore, dng du chm phy semicolon.
-Trong nhng th d sau, so khc ngha vi therefore, v khng th thay bng
therefore c:
- So as an intensifier or as an emphasis: (such a degree, n nh vy, very, rt, qu
I was so glad to find that print that I bought copies for al my friends.
The food is so good.
Why are you so mad?
Thank you so much.
I felt so sick yesterday.
Its so simple that even a child can do it.
Idioms with so:
And so forth (and so on), vn vn.
So what? Th sao?
So much the better = cng hay, cng tt. You can use dried parsley, but if you have
fresh, so much the better. Bn c th dng mi ty kh, nhng nu c mi ty ti th
cng tt.
So long (goodbye)
How are you feeling? - Not so good.
So help me God. ( nhn mnh)
So be it! Th nh vy thi!
- So = so that (expressing a purpose; )
She whispered to me so (=so that) no one would hear.
[Trong cu trn khi vit, nn dng so that, tuy rng khi ni, ngi M thng b that
trong trng hp ny.]
- So as a conjunction: Cho nn, as a result, v vy nn
The shops were closed, so I didnt get any milk.
It was raining, so we didnt go out.
There was no bus, so we walked.
Therefore
- As an adverb
Will you therefore resign?
I would, therefore, like a response.
I think, therefore I am (DescartesCogito ergo sum )ta c suy ngh vy th c ta.
(Ta c suy ngh vy l bng chng ta hin hu)
- Therefore as a conjunctive adverb: (consequently, for that reason, bi vy, cho
nn, v vy)
I was nervous; therefore, I could not do my best in the driving test.
There are many people who want to buy the painting; you should, therefore, expect
the price to be rather high. [ semicolon trc you. Nu therefore gia cu,
th ngn bi 2 commas.] C nhiu ngi mun mua bc ha, nn bn cng bit l
gi s kh cao.
There are many people who want to buy the painting; therefore you should expect the
price to be rather high. [Trc therefore c semi-colon, ni 2 mnh independent
clauses.)
Ex: I didnt read the test very well; therefore I was surprised I did it very well.
Ti khng c bi thi k, v vy nn ti rt ly lm l thy mnh lm rt kh.
Therefore & so used interchangeably. Therefore is more formal. But note the
semicolon used before therefore, and a comma before so.
Ex: He wanted to study late, so he drank another cup of coffee.
He wanted to study late; therefore he drank another cup of coffee.
She is ill, and so cannot come to the party.
She is ill; therefore she cant come to the party.
Tm li: Khi din t v vy cho nn, truc so dng comma; trc therefore dng
semicolon nu so hay therefore ni hai mnh c lp. So trong nhng th d trn l
conjunction (lin t) cn therefore l conjunctive adverb (lin trng t) hay adverbial
conjunction.
A number of / the number of


A number of = Mt s nhng ..., i vi danh t s nhiu, ng t chia s nhiu.

A number of + plural noun + plural verb

Ex :
A number of students are going to the class picnic .
A number of applicants have already been interviewed.
The number of = S lng nhng ..., i vi danh t s nhiu, ng t vn ngi
th 3 s t.

The number of + plural noun + singular verb...
Ex :
The number of days in a week is seven.
The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is quite small.
1 Damage # damages
thit hi # tin
2.Run riot : - dng cho ngi: quy ph
- dng ch bnh: honh hnh
3:Arrange # organize : ci u l sp xp g , cn ci sau l t chc, c gng lm
g
4:Change # modyfy :
thay i bn cht # sa i 1 cht ch vn gi li nhiu
5:By # on: khi i bng phng tin cng cng dng by, VD by bus. cn phng tin
c th : on my motobike. in my car...
6. enable = facilitate nhng cng thc #
enable Sb to V # facilitate Sth
7.In the West # to the West
VD : lt nm v pha ty vinh: dng in the west
Newyork nm v pha nam vinh dng to the west : i l ngoi a phn ang ni th
dng to
8: Fall off # fall down
ci u l ng khi vt ang tip xc v nm ln 1 b mt khc.VD. ng t xe p
xung t
ci sau l ng nhng vn nm trn b mt VD ng t sn nh xung sn nh