J.T.

II Olivar, MAEd
Faculty of Arts and Letters
University of Santo Tomas
 What is it that evolves?
 Genes are the raw material of

evolution
 Five agents of microevolution
 Three modes of natural selection
 The essential unit that does so is a
population, which can be defined as
members of a species that occupy the
same geographic region.
 Gene pool
◦ All the alleles that exist in a population
 Mutations
 Gene Flow
 Genetic Drift
 Nonrandom Mating
 Natural Selection
 Mutation is any permanent alteration
in an organism’s DNA.
 Gene flow is the movement of genes
from one population to another.
◦ Migration is the movement of individuals
from one population into the territory of
another.
 Genetic drift is the chance
alteration of allele frequencies in a
small population.
◦ Bottleneck effect
◦ Founder effect
 Nonrandom mating is simply mating in
which a given member of a population
is not equally likely to mate with
any other given member.
◦ Assortative mating occurs when males and
females that share a particular
characteristic tend to mate with one
another.
 Adaptation is modification in the
structure or behavior of organisms
over generations in response to
environmental change.
 Stabilizing selection
 Directional selection
 Disruptive selection