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Final Year Projects

2K7-Computer
Sr.
#
Project List Supervisor
1
Project Title: Machine Vision based Electric Devices
Management
Dr. Hafz Adnan
Habib
(Chairman
Description: Electric Devices s!ch as street lights" corridor
lights" #ar$ lights" air#ort lights etc. are !s!all% t!rned on &or
s#ecifed time' t!rned on &or the (hole night. )imilar
e*am#les e*ist &or air conditioning" heating s%stems etc.
E+cient,o#timal !tilization can be #lanned i& the !tilization
re-!irement can be anal%zed. Machine vision based sol!tion
can monitor the area and can decide abo!t the re-!irement
o& t!rning on or o. the devices. /hese devices ma% be t!rned
o. in absence o& #eo#le,!sers and o#erate the devices in the
#resence o& #eo#le,!ser.
)%stem (ill consist o& &ollo(ing moules'
1. Machine vision algorithm that (ill anal%ze #resence or
absence o& #eo#le in the s#ecifed area or vicinit%.
0. Embedded s%stem or PC s%stem #rogrammed to
#er&orm machine vision com#!ting.
1. Electric device inter&ace mod!le &or controlling the
devices.
2. 3ser inter&ace to dis#la% statistics.
0
Project Title: M!lti ling!al 4nteractive (ebsite &or Ha55 Event
6!idance
Dr. Hafz Adnan
Habib
(Chairman
Description: Ha55 is a mega event (here m!lti7million #eo#le
gather to #er&orm this rit!al. Ha5i8s have to &ace di+c!lties in
see$ing g!idance &or their movement at im#ortant rit!al
#laces s!ch as Ara&at" Mina and M!zdel&a etc. Even Ha55
g!idance #ersonnel &eel it di+c!lt to g!ide #eo#le coming
&rom vario!s co!ntries' lang!age become a serio!s iss!e in
interaction. A m!lti7ling!al (ebsite can de designed (here
Ha5i8s can see$ g!idance in their native lang!age. 6oogle has
develo#ed AP48s that translate in more than thirt% lang!ages.
)imilarl% 6oogle Earth or 6oogle Earth Pro can #rovide 64). A
database &or &!rther location in&ormation can be develo#ed to
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assist #eo#le.
/his #ro5ect (ill have &ollo(ing moules'
1. 4ntegration o& 6oogle AP4 &or translation.
0. 4ntegration o& 6oogle Earth in Pro5ects.
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Project Title: A!tomated Control o& Electric A##liances
Dr. Hafz Adnan
Habib
(Chairman
Description: Electric a##liances are controlled b% man!al
s(itching. Home a!tomation s%stems #ro#osed controlling o&
s!ch a##liances b% mobiles or other #ortable devices.
)imilarl%" man% a##liances come (ith Ethernet inter&aces &or
remotel% controlling the a##liances s!ch as air conditioners"
re&rigerators etc. 9!t lo( cost a##liances s!ch as b!lbs"
lights" &ans !s!all% lac$ s!ch &acilities. As an e*am#le" a b!lb
in la(n or #orch is t!rned on in the evening and sho!ld be
t!ned o. in morning. )!ch timing based events ma% be
managed b% microcontroller based s%stems and it (ill be lo(
cost as (ell.
)%stem (ill consist o& &ollo(ing moules'
1. Microcontroller based Embedded )%stem.
0. 4nter&ace Circ!itr% &or Each Device.
1. Motion sensor &or movements !nderstanding as
available in 6arret )%stem at :/;4E b!ilding entrance.
2
Project Title: M!lti ling!al,3rd! )#eech )%nthesizer
Dr. Hafz Adnan
Habib
(Chairman
Description: A!dio messages need to be comm!nicated to
vario!s lang!age #eo#le. )ame message needs to be
translated in di.erent lang!ages de#ending !#on the
listener8s lang!age re-!irement. 3rd! can be an e*am#le
(here someone (rites te*t in English (hich is then translated
in 3rd! and )%nthesized fnall%. 6oogle translation can be
!tilized and then a s#eech s%nthesizer ma% #rod!ce the
voice.
/he #ro5ect (ill consist o& &ollo(ing moules'
1. 4ntegration o& 6oogle AP4
0. 4ntegration o& )#eech )%nthesizer.
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Project Title: A!tomated :ace =ogger Dr. Hafz Adnan
Habib
Description: :ace logging is t%#ical re-!irement in
s!rveillance (here #eo#le &aces become a basic level record
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&or their #resence. )!ch s!rveillance is !se&!l at b!ilding
entrances" air#ort entrances" cit% entrances" motor(a% etc.
)im#le algorithm ma% (or$ &or detection o& &aces and
database design to save the detected &aces a&ter cro##ing
&rom images.
/he #ro5ect (ill consist o& &ollo(ing moules'
1. Machine vision algorithm that (ill anal%ze h!man &ace
detection in s#ecifed feld o& vie(.
0. 4mage archiving mod!le.
(Chairman
>
Project Title: M!sic less A!dio,Video Pla%er
Dr. Hafz Adnan
Habib
(Chairman
Description: 4 sho!ld hate m!sic and there (ill defnitel% ten
million #eo#le o!t o& seven billion #o#!lation that hate m!sic.
4m#ortance o& available in&ormation in &orm o& a!dio,video
can8t be denied s!ch as ne(s broadcasts" s#orts"
doc!mentaries etc. =et8s design media #la%er so&t(are that
can flter m!sic content &rom so!nd. )!ch #la%er (ill in#!t
video &rom an% so!rce" decode" m!sic fltering mod!le" re7
generate a!dio and then dis#la% in combination (ith video.
Pro5ect (ill consist o& &ollo(ing moules'
1. M!ltimedia decoding,coding mod!le.
0. A!dio fltering mod!le.
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Project Title: Concealed @ea#on Detection
Engr. M. Haroon
Ao!sa&
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description: Pa$istan is s!.ering &rom serio!s sec!rit% crisis
&rom last &e( %ears. Ma5orit% o& s!icide attac$s and target
$illings have been occ!rred thro!gho!t the co!ntr%. /his
a##lication is #lanned to develo# a sol!tion to detect the
concealed (ea#ons b% the h!mans. Videos o& sec!rit%
cameras (ill be reg!larl% monitored and #rocessed to detect
the (ea#ons concealed b% an% h!man entering in the o+ce
or instit!tion. A&ter detection that #erson (ill not onl% be
trac$ed in the scene b!t also can be targeted b% an% less
harm&!l (ea#on to 5!st ne!tralize that h!man being" th!s
red!cing the #ossibilit% o& an% ma5or damage.
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Project Title' Driving Assistance )%stem' Com#!ter Vision
based Dro(siness Detection
Engr. M. Haroon
Ao!sa&
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description' /he ob5ective o& this #ro5ect is to design a
driving assistance s%stem !sing com#!ter vision techni-!es
in real time. Driver :atig!e is a signifcant ris$ &actor in both
commercial and #rivate trans#ortation. Ever% %ear" h!ndreds
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o& tho!sands o& drivers" #assengers and #edestrians are
in5!red" maimed or $illed in road accidents ca!sed b% driver
dro(siness. Dro(s% driver detection s%stems can hel# red!ce
accidents related to dro(s% driving. As the e%e clos!re
occ!rrences dramaticall% increase d!ring the 1C7second
#eriod #receding an accident" monitoring s!ch clos!res is a
good (a% to determine dro(siness and #revent the accident.
/his 1C second range means that the s%stem has to
determine i& the driver is dro(s% in onl% a &e( seconds. /he
algorithm that (ill be !sed sho!ld not onl% be &ast b!t
e.ective (ith as less &alse alarms (alerting (hen the driver is
a(a$e and &alse fndings (mista$ing other &eat!res in the
image as e%es as #ossible. /he s%stem (ill !se a CCD
camera (ith 4n&ra Ded ill!mination (hich is #ointed to the
driverEs &ace. 3sing the image ac-!isition toolbo*" images (ill
be ac-!ired and #rocessed !sing o!r Matlab code. Hard(are
set!# incl!des an 4D camera and #ersonal com#!ter.
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Project Title: Virt!al Mo!se
Engr. M. Haroon
Ao!sa&
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description: 6est!res have long been !sed as a method o&
comm!nication and are nat!ral method o& comm!nication. 4t
is reasonable to ass!me that an access method based on
them sho!ld be both e+cient and int!itive. Virt!al mo!se is a
hand gest!re recognition based #ro5ect. Virt!al mo!se (ill be
!sed to interact (ith the @indo(s or an% other a##lication as
a #ointing device instead o& traditional mo!se. )%stem
incl!des a camera that (ill ca#t!re the video o& hand" hand
#ointing and hand gest!res (ill enable !sers to access the
com#!ter.
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C
Project Title: 3E/ /ra+c Monitoring )%stem
Engr. M. Haroon
Ao!sa&
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description: 3E/ tra+c monitoring s%stem is a #ro5ect to
monitor the in,o!t vehicle tra+c at 3E/ entrance. Vision
based s%stem (ill constantl% monitor the incoming and
o!tgoing vehicles at 3E/ gates thro!gh cameras. 9ac$ end
a##lication (ill detect and recognize the license #lates o& the
vehicles and save the e*tracted in&ormation along(ith the
time in the database. /his #ro5ect (ill beneft the organization
to red!ce the the&t o& vehicle or e-!i#ment.
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Project Title: Gnline 4nventor% Management )%stem &or
C)ED
Engr. M. Haroon
Ao!sa&
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description: Ever% &ac!lt% member is not He*ible (ith the
#roced!re o& iss!ing o& cons!mable and non7cons!mable
items &rom de#artment8s store. Gnline inventor% management
s%stem (ill &acilitate the &ac!lt% members regarding their
#roblems related to store thro!gh an interactive and eas% to
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!se (eb based inter&ace. /his a##lication is ma5or demand o&
the de#artment" it not onl% &acilitates the &ac!lt% members
b!t also the store in7charge and store $ee#er to com#!terize
their record" th!s iterativel% re#lacing the traditional
fle,register based s%stem.
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Project Title' A modifed 4P)ec!rit% algorithm &or sol!tion o&
Adhoc Iet(or$
)ec!rit% Problems.
Engr. )%ed )ohail
Ahmed
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description' /he main contrib!tion o& this (or$ is to #resent
4P)ec as a good sol!tion &or Ad7hoc net(or$ sec!rit%
#roblems. /he #ro#osed 4P)ec im#lementation model &or both
a!thentication header (AH and enca#s!lation sec!rit%
#a%load (E)P (ill be sim!lated !sing the I)70 sim!lator and
res!lts &rom the I)70 sim!lated environment (ill be
com#ared &or both a!thentication header and enca#s!lating
sec!rit% #a%load &or sec!re data comm!nication in ad7hoc
net(or$s.
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1
Project Title' 9l!etooth serial #ort comm!nication !sing
J0ME and CK
Engr. )%ed )ohail
Ahmed
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description: /e*t messaging &rom Com#!ter to Mobile and
vice versa. Gn Mobile J0ME A##lication (ill search the
9l!etooth devices and send, receive data on com#!ter. /here
(ill be a CK a##lication that (ill send, receive data. /he
comm!nication (ill be thro!gh 9l!etooth )erial Port.CK
a##lication (ill be !sed on com#!ter side.
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Project Title: 4ntr!sion Detection in Mobile Adhoc Iet(or$s.
Engr. )%ed )ohail
Ahmed
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description: @e (ill #ro#ose a -!antitative method to
detect intr!sion in MAIE/) (ith mobile nodes. @e (ill veri&%
o!r method b% r!nning sim!lations (ith mobile nodes !sing
Ad7hoc on7demand Distance Vector (AGDV ro!ting.
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Project Title' MAC =a%er Misbehavior on Ad Hoc Iet(or$s.
Engr. )%ed )ohail
Ahmed
(Assistant #ro&essor
Description' 4n this (or$ (e (ill &oc!s on node behavior at
the Medi!m Access Control (MAC s!b la%er. More s#ecifcall%"
in this (or$ &oc!s (ill be on mechanisms to eval!ate nodal
activit% and veri&% (hether a node is adhering to the #rotocol
r!les or not. @e (ill sho( that miscond!ct at the MAC la%er
can have serio!s im#lications in terms o& thro!gh#!t. A
mechanism (ill be #ro#osed that enables nodes to monitor
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neighboring activit% and assess their cond!ct based on the
observed data.
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Project Title: 6P),6)M 9ased Do!te monitoring s%stem.
Engr. Mali$
M!hammad Asim
(=ect!rer
Description: Main aim o& this #ro5ect is to #rovide (eb and
sms based trac$ing o& Vehicles. A 6P) mod!le (ill be installed
in the vehicles (hich (ill transmit the location o& vehicle
contin!o!sl% a&ter short intervals. =ocation (ill be sent as a
sms thro!gh gsm net(or$. /hese messages (ill be received
b% another 6)M mod!le sit!ated at some central location and
the attached database (ill be !#dated on reg!lar basis. /his
database (ill be #roved a (eb inter&ace (here a vie(er can
see recent locations o& vechicle. Another service (ill be
o.ered b% this designed s%stem is to #rovide the c!rrent
location o& an% vehicle thro!gh sms.
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Project Title: Design and 4m#lementation o& Deal /ime
Embedded G#erating )%stem on :P6A
Engr. Mali$
M!hammad Asim
(=ect!rer
Description: /arget o& this #ro5ect is to develo# a real time
o#erating Embedded )%stem !sing )o&t7core Processor in
:P6A. /he Embedded )%stems can be &o!nd in man% areas"
li$e in the !s!al li&e b!t also in the 4nd!str%. /he (ide s#read
and es#eciall% the increasing com#le*it% re-!ire ne(
strategies and more He*ibilit%. )ince the so&t(are alread%
reached an area o& He*ibilit%" the &oc!s goes more to the
hard(are. :le*ibilit% o& hard(are means to change the
microcontroller or #rocessor &or the ne( re-!irements"
(itho!t #!tting a ne( hard(are in the s%stem. /his $ind o&
strateg% is onl% reachable (ith the aid o& :ield Programmable
6ate Arra% (:P6A.Ma5or mod!les o& the o#erating s%stem
develo#ed (ill be memor% management" #rocess
management" and interr!#t handling and #roviding a basic
634 &or !ser interaction.
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Project Title: Cr%#togra#h% in 6)M Mobile Comm!nication
(Mobile Cr%#togra#h%
Engr. Mali$
M!hammad Asim
(=ect!rer
Description: As mobile net(or$s e*#and their band(idth"
mobile #hones" as (ith an% other internet device" become
s!bstantiall% e*#osed to 4nternet sec!rit% v!lnerabilities.
P!blic $e% cr%#togra#h% is a #rimar% conce#t in im#lementing
(ireless device sec!rit%. /arget is to develo# and PL4 based
a##lication &or !se in c!rrent and &!t!re mobile #hone
a##lications" (hich has e+cient" light(eight and standard7
com#liant im#lementation o& cr%#togra#hic algorithms.
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Project Title: Design and 4m#lementation o& a )4P79ased
m!ltimedia con&erencing A##lication
Engr. Mali$
M!hammad Asim
(=ect!rer
Description: M!ltimedia con&erencing is becoming a hot
to#ic o& comm!nication in recent %ears. /here are alread% a
&e( #rod!cts o& m!ltimedia con&erencing based on H.101. )4P"
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(hich is a more &easible #rotocol" is #!t on the agenda o&
being the call signaling #rotocol &or con&erencing. Aim is to
#ro#ose a &easible &rame(or$ o& )4P7based centralized
m!ltimedia con&erencing" (hich meets the re-!irements o&
the standards. )%stem (ill also #rovide the &eat!res o& a so&t
#hone.
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Project Title: :l!id )im!lation &or Animation
Engr. M!hammad
Diz(an
(=ect!rer
!rea:
Modeling and )im!lation
Programming
Com#!ter 6ra#hics
Scope: )cientifc Modeling" Media" Protot%#ing
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1
Project Title: 1D :ace Constr!ction o& M!lti#le 4mages o&
)!b5ect
Engr. M!hammad
Diz(an
(=ect!rer
!rea:
Modeling and )im!lation
Programming
Com#!ter 6ra#hics
4mage Processing
Artifcial 4ntelligence
Scope: )!rveillance" )ec!rit%" 1D 6ra#hics
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Project Title: Iovel 4mage Com#ression /echni-!e 3sing
@atermar$ing
Engr. M!hammad
Diz(an
(=ect!rer
!rea:
Programming
4mage Processing
Artifcial 4ntelligence
Discrete Mathematics
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Scope: Data Mining" @eb Design
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Project Title: E+cient Algorithm &or Gnline )earch
Engr. M!hammad
Diz(an
(=ect!rer
!rea:
Data )tr!ct!res and Algorithms
Programming
Scope: 6ra#hics Design
0
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Project Title: Video )!mmarization &or )!rveillance
)%stems.
Engr. :a(ad H!ssain
(=ect!rer
Description: /he aim o& o!r #ro5ect is to generate
s!mmarized &orm o& a s!rveillance video and (e are
ens!ring here all meaning &!ll in&ormation is #rovided in the
s!mmar%. )!rveillance video is di.erent &rom the other video
regarding the #oint o& vie(ing as s!rveillance video is mostl%
ca#t!red (ith the still camera or even i& the camera is
moving to some angle" the bac$gro!nd !s!all% remains
same thro!gho!t" this i& (e s!btract the bac$gro!nd &rames
&rom the other &rames (hich sho(s an% sort or activit%" (e
can easil% disting!ish the activit% area. G!r a##roach is
based on the sha#e and s$in tones o& h!man beings. 4t is
im#ortant to mention here that (e are onl% considering
h!man beings as ob5ects in a video.
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Project Title: Hand(riting Decognition !sing Ie!ral
Iet(or$s.
Engr. :a(ad H!ssain
(=ect!rer
Description: Hand (riting recognition is one o& the
im#ortant as#ects o& toda%8s digital (orld. 4t fnds its
a##lication in man% areas li$e" (e can !se it in o!r #ost o+ce
s%stems (here the mail comes in b!l$ amo!nt and se#arating
the mail man!all% b% a #erson is -!ite c!mbersome and
re-!ires lot o& time and e.ort" (e can also !se hand (riting
recognition s%stem in #a#er mar$ing etc. Moreover (e are
!sing ne!ral net(or$s to b!ild o!r hand (riting recognitions
s%stem. /he advantage o& !sing a ne!ral net(or$ over a
statistical techni-!es is that i& (e are going to solve some
#roblem" even &rom the same domain" (e have to re(or$ it
&rom start and creates a techni-!e (hich (ill solve the
#roblem" (hich in t!rns re-!ires lot o& e.ort ever% time. 9!t i&
(e solve the same #roblem (ith the ne!ral net(or$ s%stems"
it onl% re-!ires an e.ort once (hen (e (ill train the s%stem
&or the sit!ation" b!t once the s%stems got trained it becomes
intelligent and it (ill (or$ more -!ic$l% and rob!stl% &or a set
o& #roblem &or (hich the normal statistical techni-!es still
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re-!ires lot o& time and e.orts.
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Project Title: Ada#tive 4mage Enhancement
Engr. :a(ad H!ssain
(=ect!rer
Description: /his #ro5ect intends to enhance the
conventional image enhancement techni-!e. @e !se the
method o& 3nshar# mas$ing &or the contrast enhancement on
an image. G!r a##roach em#lo%s an ada#tive flter that
controls the contrib!tion o& the shar#ening #ath in s!ch a (a%
that contrast enhancement occ!rs in high detail areas and
little or no image shar#ening occ!rs in smooth areas. /his
#ro5ect fnds it a##lication in most o& the image #rocessing
a##lication" li$e &ace recognition" ob5ect or target trac$ing"
sec!rit% s%stems etc.
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Project Title: E*ercise )im!lator.
Engr. Jamil Lhan
(=ect!rer
Description: E*ercise )im!lator is mi*t!re o& com#!ter
vision and gra#hics. it ta$es real time data o& #erson to be
monitored b% com#!ter via camera and #rod!ce an artifcial
character o& real ob5ect !sing sim#le gra#hics algoEs. observe
the e*ercise session o& #erson and hel#s to correct mista$es
b% #erson d!ring e*ercise.
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Project Title: =ocalized Hand(riting Decognition )%stem.
Engr. Jamil Lhan
(=ect!rer
Description: =ocalized hand (riting recognition s%stem (e
recognize the al#habets based on &eat!res e*tracted !sing
di# algos. Add more (eights to (eights #rod!ced b% this
e*tracted &eat!res to achieve better res!lts.
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Project Title: Virt!al /ennis Pla%er.
Engr. Jamil Lhan
(=ect!rer
Description: /his #ro5ect (ill e*#lore the interactions
bet(een virt!al characters and real #h%sical ob5ects b%
creating a tennis co!rt in (hich a virt!al character interacts
(ith real ob5ects.
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Project Title: 4m#lementation o& JPE6 0CCC.
Engr. Jamil Lhan
(=ect!rer
Description: /his #ro5ect (ill enhance the st!dent learning
in feld o& image com#ression.
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Project Title: )M) Home )ec!rit% )%stem' 6)M 9ased
Engr. )ana Mia&at
(=ect!rer
Description: /he #ro5ect is aimed at develo#ing the sec!rit%
o& Home against 4ntr!ders " 6as =ea$ and :ire . 4n an% o& the
above three cases an% one met (hile %o! are o!t o& %o!r
home than the device sends )M) to the emergenc% no
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#rovided to it./he #ro5ect needs $no(ledge o& BC<1
microcontroller and mobile comm!nication" ho( the% are
inter&aced to each other and A/ (Attention commands set
!sed in comm!nication.
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Project Title: Digital Par$ing )%stem
Engr. )ana Mia&at
(=ect!rer
Description: D:4D based digital #ar$ing s%stem" !ses D:4D
tags to allo( entrance to #ar$ing lot. /hen &!rther it (ill be
chec$ed b% com#!terized s%stem (hether s#ace available &or
car #ar$ing or not. /hen based on the decision car is allo(ed
to enter.
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Project Title: Digital EC6 )%stem
Engr. )ana Mia&at
(=ect!rer
Description: 4t is ver% !se&!l #ro5ect to vis!alize the EC6 o&
h!man being (itho!t !sing messed !# (ired s%stem. 4n this
#ro5ect a sensor is !sed that (ill sense the light #assed
thro!gh %o!r fnger and de#ending on the intensit% o& light it
is decided (hether it is o*%genated or deo*%genated. /hen
this sensed in&ormation (ill be &or(arded to :ilter and then
digitized in&ormation (ill be sent to PC thro!gh serial #ort to
vie( the data.
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Project Title' Detecting and Preventing DI)CP
Engr. Mariam
)ha&-at
(=ect!rer
Description: 4n this #ro5ectN the st!dents are re-!ired to
accom#lish &ollo(ing goals'
"mplementin# D$S servers
Separatin# internal an e%ternal D$S servers
&estrict 'one trans(ers to aut)ori'e evices
&estrict D*namic D$S upates +)enever
possi,le.
&emove unnecessar* services runnin# on D$S
servers
-)ere possi,le. use eicate applications
instea o( multi-purpose servers.
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Project Title: H%brid Do!ting Protocol 4m#lementation o&
@ireless mesh Iet(or$s
Engr. Mariam
)ha&-at
(=ect!rer
Description: 4m#lementation o& a h%brid ro!ting #rotocol o&
(ireless mesh net(or$s. /he st!dents (ill be res#onsible to
develo# their o(n ro!ting #rotocolN b% st!d%ing the best
reactive and the best #roactive ro!ting #rotocol and a&ter
st!d%ing thatN develo#ing the #rotocol b% em#lo%ing the
P a g e | 11
advantages o& both o& them" th!s avoiding the dra(bac$s o&
both the #roactive and reactive #rotocols
1
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Project Title: Door E*traction 3sing :eat!re E*traction
Engr. Mariam
)ha&-at
(=ect!rer
Description: Door detection is one #art o& a conceived
a!tomatic navigation s%stem. A method o& e*tracting door
&eat!res in an image (ill be im#lemented in Matlab to e*tract
door location &rom a set o& random still images.
1
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Project Title: Em!lation o& Coo#eration Comm!nication
)%stem on D)P 9oard
Engr. 3mbreen )abir
(=ect!rer
Description: A comm!nication environment (ith m!lti#le
transmitters and m!lti#le receivers is inherentl% a
com#etitive environment. /he advantages o& m!lti#le7in#!t
m!lti#le7o!t#!t (M4MG s%stems have been (idel%
ac$no(ledgedN to the e*tent that certain transmit diversit%
methods have been incor#orated into (ireless standards.
Altho!gh transmit diversit% is clearl% advantageo!s on a
cell!lar base station" it ma% not be #ractical &or other
scenarios. )#ecifcall%" d!e to size" cost" or hard(are
limitations" a (ireless agent ma% not be able to s!##ort
m!lti#le transmit antennas.
/o enhance s%stem reliabilit% and #er&ormance in reso!rce7
limited (ireless net(or$s" a ne( class o& methods called
coo#erative comm!nication enables single antenna mobiles
in a m!lti7!ser environment to share their antennas and
generate a virt!al m!lti#le7antenna transmitter that allo(s
them to achieve transmit diversit% and hence establish a
reliable lin$ &or comm!nication. 9% ma$ing !se o& a basic
three node s%stem and single ta# Da%leigh channel"
#er&ormance com#arison (o!ld be carried o!t o& the three
coo#erative #rotocols (Am#li&% and :or(ard" Detect and
:or(ard" Decode and :or(ard. /heir res!lts based on bit
error c!rves (o!ld be com#ared (ith )4)G s%stem &or
detailed #er&ormance anal%sis. )im!lations (o!ld be done in
MA/=A9. Moreover the comm!nication model can also be
im#lemented on D)P Lit in real time &or more realistic
anal%sis
1
Project Title: /he Digital Coo$boo$ Engr. 3mbreen )abir
(=ect!rer Description: /his #ro5ect (o!ld consist o& designing and
im#lementing a digital coo$boo$ &or !se in a
P a g e | 10
B
$itchen,resta!rant environment. /his s%stem (ill #rovide a
convenient and eas% to !se inter&ace that an% #erson
#re#aring a meal can &ollo(. /hro!gh the !se o& a to!ch
screen the !ser (ill be able to in#!t commands directl% b%
sim#l% !sing an eas% to &ollo( gra#hical !ser inter&ace (634.
/he s%stem (ill also be ca#able o& receiving sim#le voice
commands s!ch as Ie*t" Previo!s" etc. to #rovide hands7&ree
o#eration d!ring meal #re#aration. As an added &eat!re" the
s%stem (ill be ca#able o& reading the reci#e o!t lo!d to the
!ser to #rovide added convenience. /ime #ermitting the
s%stem (ill com#rise o& vario!s &eat!res s!ch as a calendar"
time,date" timer" and 3)9 e*#ansion.
1
F
Project Title: Car /rac$ing )%stem b% )M)
Engr. 3mbreen )abir
(=ect!rer
Description: /his s%stem is !ses t(o #hone handsetsN one
hidden in the car and the other (ith o(ner o& the car. Gnce a
car is stolen" then the o(ner !ses the second handset to tal$
to the car. Ao! can listen in to the carN locate the #osition o&
the car b% 6P)" iss!e commands to the car to sto#. /he rest
o& the comm!nication bet(een the #hones is based on the
e*isting #hone net(or$. /he same #ro5ect can be e*tended to
trac$ing o& an% general merchandise or control o& s%stems
s!ch as a##liances at home !sing a #hone (hile %o! are
a(a%. :or instance" %o! can o#en a door to %o!r visitors (hile
%o! are a(a%.
2
C
Project Title: Per&ormance Anal%sis o& /!rbo Codes Decoding
Algorithms.
Engr. :atima
Iaseem
(=ect!rer
Description: 4t is d!e to their e*ce#tional #er&ormance that
t!rbo codes are being acce#ted as 16PP standard in #ersonal
comm!nications. A #er&ormance com#arison o& t!rbo
decoding" =og7 MAP and Ma*7=og7MAP algorithms co!ld be
benefcial &or the fnal %ear st!dents to !nderstand their
im#ortance and a##lications (ell. /!rbo codes is the most
ada#table error coding scheme !sed to ada#t to the var%ing
Oos (O!alit% o& )ervice re-!irement .Hence there is a need to
anal%ze the #er&ormance o& /!rbo codes decoding algorithms
b% var%ing all the #arameters (hich can be made ada#table.
/he #er&ormance o& /!rbo code is eval!ated in terms o& bit
error rate (9ED vers!s signal to noise ratio ()ID and res!lts
are generated,eval!ated thro!gh Matlab so&t(are.
P a g e | 11
2
1
Project Title: Ie( A!thentication and Le% Agreement
Protocol &or 16PP
Engr. :atima
Iaseem
(=ect!rer
Description: /he c!rrent 16PP a!thentication and $e%
agreement #rotocol (ALA has some shortcomings s!ch as the
band(idth cons!m#tion bet(een visitor serving net(or$ and
home net(or$" the dela% time that inc!rred &rom generated
a!thentication vector in home net(or$" (aste o& storage
s#ace in V=D to store a!thentication vectors and the
management o& se-!ence n!mber (hich needed &or
s%nchronization bet(een mobile station and its home
net(or$. A ne( #rotocol can be #ro#osed as an e*tension &or
the 16PP ALA to eliminate the 16PP ALA shortcomings. 4t can
be sim!lated on matlab
2
0
Project Title: :ace Decognition /echni-!es
Engr. :atima
Iaseem
(=ect!rer
Description: :ace recognition !sing com#!ter image
#rocessing has al(a%s been one o& the most challenging
#roblems over the #ast &e( %ears. :ace recognition
techni-!es have a h!ge variet% o& a##lications s!ch as
#ersonal identifcation or com#arison &rom &aces in a
database. /he di+c!lt% o& s!ccess&!l &ace recognition comes
&rom the di.erences o& a &ace #ict!re ta$en &rom the same
#erson. @e can fnd di.erences o& lightN e%es" mo!th or nose
motionN and size. /here&ore" the -!alit% o& a &ace recognition
algorithm de#ends on ho( acc!rate it isN this can be
meas!red as a #ercentage o& correct recognitions. )t!dents
can em#lo%ee line edge ma##ing to im#lement &ace
recognition !sing matlab.
2
1
Project Title: )mart Cart
Engr. Iaveed 9loach
(=ect!rer
Description: 4n toda%8s technolog%" man% com#anies are
develo#ing #rod!cts that ens!re convenience to(ard all
#eo#le. Gne o& the conveniences that involved (ill be
#roviding (ith ne( and eas% sho##ing e*#erience. @ith a
#roblem o& (aiting in a long -!e!e to chec$7o!t the sho##ing
items" ne( technolog% m!st be im#lemented to #rovide
lo(est dela% time. )mart )ho##ing Cart" a s%stem that allo(s
&aster chec$7o!t. A device that consists o& an =CD screen" a
barcode reader" micro#rocessor" a (ireless card" 9l!etooth"
and a #ortable batter% (ill be im#lemented on the sho##ing
cart. /he !ser (o!ld scan the 3niversal Prod!ct Code (3PC
that contains on the sho##ing item !sing the barcode reader.
/he barcode in&ormation (ill be stored into a com#!ter8s
memor%" and chec$ed against a database &rom (hich it (o!ld
P a g e | 12
retrieve the a##ro#riate in&ormation. A so&t(are #ac$age (ill
lin$ !# the device (ith the database and 9l!etooth device. 4t
(ill also enable the micro#rocessor to calc!late the total #rice
&or all scanned items" and dis#la% it on the =CD screen. 4& the
c!stomer is read% to ma$e a #a%ment" he (o!ld #ass the cart
thro!gh the cashier.
2
2
Project Title: :ace Decognition based )!rveillance )%stem .
Engr. Iaveed 9loach
(=ect!rer
Description: :ace recognition is an im#ortant #art o&
toda%8s emerging biometrics and video s!rveillance mar$ets.
As &ace recognition algorithms move &rom research labs to
real (orld #rod!ct" #o(er cons!m#tion and cost become
critical iss!es" and D)P7based im#lementations become more
attractive. Also" a!tomatic #ersonal identifcation s%stem
sho!ld meet the conHicting d!al re-!irements o& acc!rac%
and res#onse time. 4n addition" it also sho!ld be !ser7&riendl%.
4n this s%stem #ersons entering the b!ilding are recognized
and registered in the database.
2
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Project Title: Hard(are 4m#lementation o& )mart Mirror &or
eas% )ho##ing
Engr. Iaveed 9loach
(=ect!rer
Description: )mart Mirror is act!all% a to!ch screen thatEs
#ositioned in a store or dressing room. Clothes" tagged (ith
D:4D tags" are #ic$ed !# b% the Psmart mirrorP and the item is
then #aired (ith a n!mber o& other clothing o#tions o. the
rac$s to com#lete the loo$. /he #rocess is similar to online
sho##ing (hen a c!stomer clic$s on a selection and is given
other items that the% might also li$e.
2
>
Project Title: D:4D based Children /rac$ing )cheme.
Engr. Iaveed 9loach
(=ect!rer
Description: D:4D7based children trac$ing (DEAC/ scheme
&or hel#ing locate missing children in large am!sement #ar$s
and other #!blic ven!es. /he scheme is characterized b%
coo#eration among D:4D readers" storage nodes and control
center" (hich are strategicall% de#lo%ed across the
am!sement #ar$" as (ell as em#lo%ees and visitors in the
#ar$. @hen a #assive D:4D tag" #h%sicall% attached on a child"
a##roaches an D:4D reader" the reader (ill #rocess the tag
in&ormation" and then &or(ard the in&ormation to a storage
node thro!gh a #oc$et s(itched net(or$ &ormed b%
em#lo%ees and visitors in the #ar$. =ater" (hen locating a lost
child is re-!ested" the s%stem is able to trac$ the missing
child b% -!er%ing the tag in&ormation stored in storage nodes.
Detailed sec!rit% anal%sis sho(s that the #ro#osed DEAC/
scheme achieves child8s identit% #rivac%" !nli$able location
#rivac% and
&or(ard sec!rit%.
Project Title: D:4D )%stem &or Asset,4nventor% Management. Engr. Iaveed 9loach
P a g e | 1<
2
?
(=ect!rer
Description: Asset management s%stem !sing technologies
o& Dadio :re-!enc% 4dentifcation (D:4D" @eb 6eogra#hic
4n&ormation )%stem (@eb64) and )hort Message )ervice
()M) &or intelligent management o& assets. /he #ro#osed
method trac$s and monitors the changes o& locations o& the
assets and sho(s their stat!ses on a geogra#hical ma#"
#reventing the loss o& assets d!e to !nclear reasons. /he
movement o& assets can be a!tomaticall% identifed !sing the
D:4D techni-!e. /he corres#onding data are trans&erred b%
the 6)M mod!le in real time" enabling the s#atial in&ormation
o& assets to be dis#la%ed on an electronic geogra#hical ma#
!sing @eb64). /he #ro#osed method also &acilitates
a!tomated notifcation o& asset movement and mal&!nction
alarm thro!gh )M). Preliminar% e*#eriments sho( that the
#ro#osed method can im#rove in&ormation availabilit% o&
assets and red!ce asset management cost dramaticall%.
2
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Project Title: D:4D based Asset Management.
Engr. A&shan Jamil
(=ect!rer
Description: Asset management is a #roblem &aced b%
almost all com#anies and instit!tions. Com#anies need to
$ee# trac$ o& their costl% assets li$e =a#to#" PDA" vehicles
etc. @hen !sing D:4D based asset management ever% asset
(ill be tagged. 4& an asset is being removed &rom the store the
reader at the store door mar$s its entr% o!t and the #erson
(ho is ta$ing this o!t. 4& an%one tries to ta$e it o!t (itho!t
the !s!al #roced!re o& chec$ing o!t it (ill be detected
o!tside and alarm (ill ring.
2
F
Project Title: A!tomated Meter Deading.
Engr. A&shan Jamil
(=ect!rer
Description: 4t is a tedio!s 5ob to meas!re the meter
reading o& all c!stomers" ma% it be electricit%" (ater or gas.
)omeone m!st be em#lo%ed to go to each client installation
and then ta$e the reading on a boo$. /hen all the collected
data m!st be entered into a com#!ter &or #rocessing. AMD is
the sol!tion to this #roblem. AMD or a!tomated meter reading
is a!tomating the meter reading #rocess b% some means.
Here (e are s!ggesting a sol!tion in (hich (e !se a 6)M
modem to comm!nicate the meter reading b% either 6PD) or
)M). /he server identifes the meter b% reading the sender 4d
&rom (here the data or the )M) is coming. /he server can
#re#are the bill a!tomaticall% b% loo$ing at the #revio!s
meter readings. As an additional &acilit% the server can send
the bill as )M) to each c!stomer.
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Project Title: 9iometric )mart Card Polling )%stem. Engr. A&shan Jamil
P a g e | 1>
C
(=ect!rer
Description: /he main ob5ective o& o!r #ro5ect is to render
!ser inter&ace s%stem (ith eas% (a% o& voting s%stem and
also in addition to that it #rovides sa&e and sec!red s%stem
th!s b% #reventing !na!thorized #erson to cast the vote. /he
#ro5ect involves fnger #rint sensor to a!thenticate !ser" D:4D
card to identi&% !ser and dis#la% in&ormation to !ser !sing
=CD dis#la%. /he in&ormation abo!t !ser casting the vote is
stored in EEPDGM and also to retrieve the data &or #rocessing
the votes. /he entire #rocess o& comm!nication bet(een the
each device is done b% microcontroller (hich does
mani#!lation data (hich is &ed into it. /he main theme o& this
#ro5ect is to !se e*isting A/M as voting machines (ith
sec!red voting s%stem.
Each A/M machine (ill additionall% be ftted (ith a fnger
#rint sensor and D:4D reader. D!ring the voting #eriod the
!ser has to #lace D:4D card near the reader" the micro
controller (ill identi&% and dis#la% the in&ormation abo!t the
!ser !sing =CD " and as$ him to a!thenticate the !ser b%
#lacing his fnger in the fnger #rint sensor. A list (ill be
dis#la%ed in the =CD" indicating the n!mber o& candidates
contesting in the #oll. /he !ser has to cast his vote b%
#ressing corres#onding n!mber o& a candidate. A&ter the
voting the =CD (ill dis#la% the s!ccess&!l casting o& vote.
@hen ever the !ser tr% to cast the second time" the =CD (ill
dis#la% a (arning message in&orming that the vote is alread%
casted.
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Project Title: Designing ; 4m#lementing an 4ntelligent
9l!etooth Enabled Dobot Car.
Engr. @a-ar Ahmad
( =ect!rer CPED
Description: /his #ro5ect aims to design and im#lement an
intelligent 9l!etooth7enabled robot car. /he robot car (ill be
(irelessl% remote controlled via 9l!etooth. 4n addition" a
com#arative anal%sis o& the di.erent $inds o& sensors" (hich
are !se&!l in robot cars" (ill be #rovided.
P a g e | 1?
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0
Project Title: Design o& an MP1 Portable Pla%er 3sing a Cool
D!nner CP=D
Engr. @a-ar Ahmad
( =ect!rer CPED
Description: MP1 #ortable #la%ers are the trend in m!sic7
listening technolog%. /hese #la%ers do not incl!de an%
mechanical movements" thereb% ma$ing them ideal &or
listening to m!sic d!ring an% t%#e o& activit%. MP1 is a digital
com#ression techni-!e based on MPE6 =a%er 1 (hich stores
m!sic in a lot less s#ace than c!rrent CD technolog%. )o&t(are
is readil% available to create MP1 fles &rom an e*isting CD"
and the !ser can then do(nload these fles into a #ortable
MP1 #la%er to be en5o%ed in almost an% environment. As (ith
an% #ortable" batter%7o#erated device" #o(er dissi#ation
m!st be minimized. /he CoolD!nnerQ series is a &amil% o&
advanced 1V and <V com#le* #rogrammable logic devices
(CP=Ds (ith e*tremel% lo( #o(er dissi#ation (hich ma$es
them ideal &or this a##lication.
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Project Title: 4m#lementation o& Gbstacle avoidance and
Migbee Control &!nctions &or Gmni Directional Dobot
Engr. @a-ar Ahmad
( =ect!rer CPED
Description: 9ased on :P6A (feld #rogrammable gate
arra%" this #ro5ect (ill #resents the obstacle avoiding and
Mig9ee (ireless control &!nctions &or omni directional mobile
robot. 9% !sing !ltrasonic transd!cers" the embedded
controller (ill receive the obstacle distance signals" and then
calc!lates the control signals to drive three omni directional
(heels DC motors (hich set !# on mobile robot. Gn the other
hand" thro!gh the onboard D)7010 #ort" the controller as (ell
as receives the control signals &rom remote PC via Mig9ee
(ireless comm!nication. /he gra#hical h!man machine
inter&ace (ill be #rogrammed b% Vis!al 9asic so&t(are at PC
#artN s!ch as the &!nctions o& mobile robot remote control and
messages transmission are dis#la%ed on screen. /he
e*#eriment res!lts (ill #rovide the :P6A im#lementation
techni-!es &or control omni directional mobile robotN (ill also
e*tend the Mig9ee (ireless comm!nication techni-!es into
the intelligent robot research feld.
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2
Project Title: Providing 6ro!# /o!r 6!ide b% D:4Ds and
@ireless )ensor Iet(or$s
Engr. @a-ar Ahmad
( =ect!rer CPED
Description: /his #ro5ect #ro#oses a ne( a##lication
&rame(or$ &or gro!# to!r g!iding services based on D:4Ds
and (ireless sensor net(or$s. @e consider a sensing feld
mi*ed (ith m!lti#le inde#endent to!rist gro!#s" each (ith a
leader and several members. Members o& a gro!# (ill &ollo(
P a g e | 1B
the moving #ath o& their leader" b!t ma% occasionall% roam
aro!nd randoml% on their o(n interests. )ensor nodes have
to trac$ leaders8 locations and maintain g!iding #aths &rom
members to leaders. A member ma% in-!ire (here his,her
leader is" and a leader ma% RrecallS his,her members. @e
#ro#ose a &easible sol!tion to s!ch an a##lication b% !sing
e*isting technologies and o.7the7shel& com#onents. A gro!#
g!iding #rotocol (ill be #resented. /he design (ill enable the
reliable gro!# g!iding at lo( cost and lo( tra+c load.
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Project Title: Hand Positioned Mo!se.
Engr. @a-ar Ahmad
( =ect!rer CPED
Description: /his #ro5ect attem#ts to have a di.erent
a##roach o& no( a #erson !ses a mo!se to interact (ith his or
her com#!ter. A glove is to be designed and (orn on the hand
o& a com#!ter o#erator to #rovide a mo!se &!nction &or a
com#!ter. 4nstead o& !sing =ED sensors and ball trac$ers" a
#air o& accelerometer sensors is mo!nted on the fngerN each
o& the sensors is !sed to detect a negative or #ositive
direction along the located orientation line o& the fnger. /he
a##arat!s senses the direction o& the com#!ter o#eratorEs
bod% and transmits corres#onding commands to the
com#!ter to move the c!rsor in the video dis#la% in a
corres#onding direction. 4n addition" this invention o& the hand
#ositioned mo!se is ideal &or #la%ing com#!ter games and
interacting (ith services s!ch as (eb /V. /his #ro5ect (ill
involve both hard(are and so&t(are com#onents. /he
hard(are design incl!des schematic dra(ingN #art selection
and circ!it la%o!t and the #rogramming incl!des the learning
o& the Machine,Assembl% lang!age and the !se o& com#ilers
&or micro controllers.
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Project Title: Digital Design and :P6A 4m#lementation o& a
@ireless Video )!rveillance )%stem
Engr. @a-ar Ahmad
( =ect!rer CPED
Description: /he #roblem (ith conventional sec!rit%
s%stems toda% is that the% are mostl% (ired" meaning the
sec!rit% station m!st be #laced (ithin a f*ed distance &rom
the camera. /his !s!all% means that the sec!rit% camera
m!st be #laced in a f*ed location beca!se it is di+c!lt to
move a (ire embedded in the (all or ceiling o& a b!ilding. 4n
order to #rovide more He*ibilit%" this #ro5ect aims to
im#lement a (ireless sec!rit% s%stem (here image data is
P a g e | 1F
sent (irelessl% to a receiver station and dis#la%ed on the
screen. Ho(ever" in a (ireless s%stem (here the trans&er rate
is more restrictive than a (ired s%stem" the in&ormation m!st
be condensed in some &orm.
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Project Title: :P6A Design and im#lementation o& the D)
Decoder.
Engr. Ioshina
4sha-!e
(=ab Engineer
Description: /his #ro5ect #resents :P6A and V=)4
im#lementations o& an B7bit error correcting (0C?"1B? Deed7
)olomon (D) decoder architect!re ./he decoder (ill !se the
E!clidian algorithm &or the solving o& the $e% e-!ation &or the
error7locator #ol%nomial" T(*" and error7val!e #ol%nomial"
U(*. /he D) decoder (ill be im#lemented on a Vilin* Virte*
:P6A chi# .
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Project Title: De!sable 4P Core &or :EC code.
Engr. Ioshina
4sha-!e
(=ab Engineer
Description: :or(ard Error Correcting code li$e Viterbi is a
ne( class o& code that can achieve e*ce#tional error
#er&ormance and energ% e+cienc% at lo( signal7to7noise
ratio. /hese codes achieve a near7)hannon limit #er&ormance.
/he Viterbi7Algorithm is a basic #art o& the coding and
mod!lation method o& the digital data transmission.
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Project Title: High )#eed =ossless Data Com#ression.
Engr. Ioshina
4sha-!e
(=ab Engineer
Description: /his #ro5ect re#resents a se-!ential algorithm
(=z1 that com#resses strings o& binar% b%tes o& variable
length into a f*ed length com#ressed &ormat. /he t(o
im#ortant ste#s in the algorithm are string #arsing and
coding. /he ma5or (or$ in data com#ression is the red!ction
o& re#eated strings o& incoming data into com#act code
(ords.
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Project Title: Hashed based fle encr%#tion s%stem &or local
area net(or$s
Engr. Domana
)hazadi
(=ab Engineer Description: /he (ides#read !se o& local area net(or$s
(ithin commercial organizations has raised concerns abo!t
the confdentialit% o& in&ormation carried b% s!ch net(or$s.
/he #rovision o& data #rivac% ideall% re-!ires dedicated
encr%#tion chi#s !sed in con5!nction (ith access control and
a!thorization mechanisms. /he availabilit% o& lo(7cost
P a g e | 0C
encr%#tion chi#s is several %ears o." b!t ho( can data be
#rotected in the short termW /his #ro5ect describes an
e*#erimental #ro5ect to investigate and #rove the &easibilit%
o& lo(7cost so&t(are7based encr%#tion s!itable &or local area
net(or$s.
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1
Project Title: Design and 4m#lementation o& Deconfg!rable
)ec!rit% Hash Algorithms 9ased on :P6A.
Engr. Domana
)hazadi
(=ab Engineer
Description: /oda%" sec!rit% is a to#ic (hich attac$s the
great interest o& researchers. Man% encr%#tion algorithms
have been investigated" and develo#ed in the last %ears.
Hash &!nctions are im#ortant sec!rit% #rimitives !sed &or
a!thentication and data integrit%. /he reconfg!rable
cr%#togra#hic chi# is an integrated circ!it that is designed b%
means o& the method o& reconfg!rable architect!re" and is
!sed &or encr%#tion and decr%#tion. 4t can im#lement man%
di.erent ci#her algorithms He*ibl% and -!ic$l%" and be !sed
in man% felds. /his (or$ is related to hash &!nctions :P6A
im#lementation. :ive di.erent hash &!nctions )HA71" )HA7
002" )HA70<>" )HA71B2 and )HA7<10 are st!died. A
reconfg!rable architect!re is #ro#osed &or the
im#lementation o& all o& them in the same hard(are mod!le.
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0
Project Title: E+cient 3ser A!thentication and Le%
Management &or Peer7to7Peer =ive )treaming )%stems
Engr. Domana
)hazadi
(=ab Engineer
Description: @ireless comm!nication s%stems are !nder
heav% investigations b% the research comm!nit%" es#eciall%
since the #ast decade. Man% #o#!lar a##lications over the
(ireless comm!nication net(or$s have emerged recentl%
incl!ding" cell!lar tele#hon%" )M)" MM)" (eb bro(sing and
video con&erencing" to name a &e(. Comm!nication over
(ireless channel" ho(ever" is inherentl% #rone to transmission
errors. Additionall% e.orts have also been made to sec!re the
(ireless transmission" !sing cr%#togra#h% as a #rominent
tool. 4n this #ro5ect (e introd!ce a novel method (hich
combines cr%#togra#h% and error correction together i.e. (e
!tilize the methods &or data sec!rit% as a tool &or the
detection and correction o& transmission errors. /o s!##ort
P a g e | 01
o!r research" (e #rovide sim!lation res!lts obtained !sing
this method (hich (e call as Joint Channel Coding and
Cr%#togra#h%. Joint Channel Coding and Cr%#togra#h% is an
e*tension o& so&t in#!t decr%#tion (ith &eedbac$" (hich is
!sed &or im#rovement o& channel decoding o& sec!red
messages. Des!lts o& sim!lations o& Joint Channel Coding and
Cr%#togra#h% are com#ared to res!lts o& convol!tion coding
(ith the same coding rate. 4n this (a%" Joint Channel Coding
and Cr%#togra#h% brings a coding gain o& C.?0 d9" (hile
&!lflling sec!rit% re-!irements at the same time.