New: Sport Pilot (LSA)

The Light Aircraft Design Computer Program Package - based on MS-Excel-

application !as no! extented !ith the ne! Sport Pilots "LSA# loads
module$ !hich includes compliance for the %Standard Specifiation for
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane ASTM & ''()-*(+ loads
section,
Light Aircraft Design

- Loads and Static Tests
- Structure Calculations
- Aerodynamic

The Loads may be calculated according to the following regulations:

UL Germany (LTFUL!
FA" #$ % &LA
-E.***Sport Pilots "LSA#***-E.

All 'rograms are (S)*C)L modules some of them using (S &isual
+asic calculation modules in bac,ground-

Summary descri'tions of the methods are included in the
s'readsheets-

(ost of the results are 'resented in gra'hic form-

The /L 0erman1 "LT&-/L#$ Sport Pilots "LSA# and &A2'345LA includes the
follo!ing modules6

o Data Sheet
o .eight and +alance
o Flight )n/elo'e
o Design Cases
o Landing Gear Loads
o )ngine (ount Loads
o Control Surfaces and Flight Control Loads
o Fuselage Load Distributions (calculated and tested!
o .ing Load Distributions (calculated and tested!

Prices6 7

LTFUL : 0112
LSA 3 S'ort 4ilots : 5112
FA" #$%&LA: 6112
S'ecial 7ffer: LTFUL 8 LSAS'ort 4ilots 8 FA" #$%&LA: 9:112
;add su''lementary 96< ta=es ((.St-!
Supplementar1 the follo!ing modules ma1 be ordered6 7

Flight Controls >inematics (:62!
4ro'eller Layout % Design (:62!
(anoeu/re and Gust Flight Simulation (662!
Structure Calculation: .ing Sections (metal and com'osite! (:62!
Landing Gear Strut- Calculation (662!
Fuselage Design (662!
;add su''lementary 96< ta=es ((.St-!


Data Sheet

All geometric and aerodynamic data of the aircraft are defined or calculated: mean
aerodynamic chords? as'ect ratios? tail /olumes? lift cur/e slo'es? hinge lift and
moment coefficients for control surfaces and tabs? neutral 'oint wing? tails and
fuselage influence? 'ro'eller sli'stream effect-



.eight and +alance
Calculates the mass distribution of the aircraft? CG 'osition and inertial moments-

Flight )n/elo'e

Calculates the design s'eeds and the corres'onding load factors for manoeu/re and
gusts-

(gra'hic!






Design Cases

The critical design cases according to the LSA (S'ort 4ilots!? LTFUL (Ultralight
Germany! or FA" #$ are defined and the corres'onding forces on the wing? tail are
calculated-


Landing Gear Loads

The design cases and corres'onding forces on the main and nose gear are
calculated-


)ngine (ount Loads

Forces and moments in the engine mount CG (including gyrosco'ic effects are
calculated!-



Control Surfaces%Flight Control Loads

The total critical loads and hinge moments (aileron? ele/ator? rudder? fla's! on the
control surface of the aircraft are calculated-



Fuselage Load Distributions (calculated and tested!

The fuselage bending and shear force diagrams for the critical fuselage loading are
calculated-
4osition for the 'oints where the fuselage will be loaded during the static test are
defined- The corres'onding test load diagrams are com'uted and com'ared with the
calculated ones-

(gra'hic!





.ing Load Distributions (calculated and tested!

The wing aerodynamic load distribution for critical design cases is calcualted with the
well ,nown (ultho' lifting line method-
The effect of fla'%aileron is considered-
The mass load distribution (structure? fuel? lum'ed masses li,e landing gear! due to
/ertical and roll acceleration is considered-
The total shear (T=?Ty?T@ ! and moment diagrams (bending(=? torsion (y and in
'lane bending 3(@! moments are calculated-
The static test loading may be also defined and com'ared with the calcualted one-

(gra'hic!












Flight Controls >inematics ( :6 )U"!

This 'rogram calculates the forces in a $D 'ush'ull control system for different
control system deflections-
Cross sections of the rods are defined-
The safety factors for buc,ling are calculated-

(gra'hic!





4ro'eller Layout%Design (:6 )U"!

This module calculates the 'ro'eller cur/es using a /ery efficient energy method-
The 'ro'eller 'lanform and torsion is defined as in'ut-
Using the AS7L&)"B o'timi@ation algorithm from (S)*C)L some 'arameters may
be o'timi@ed (form? torsion! in order to get the best efficiency in a gi/en wor,ing
'oint-
+ending and torsion moments in 'ro'eller cross sections are calculated-

(gra'hic!




(anoeu/re and Gust Flight Simulation (66 )U"!

"egulations (FA"%CA"%CS?&LA? LTFUL! 'ro/ide sim'lified formulas for gust- The
resulted forces and load factors are normally conser/ati/e-

A more detailed calculation may be 'erformed by means of a flight simulation of the
gust%manoeu/re in which the /ertical translation and 'itch rotation of the aircraft are
considered- A differential eDuation system defines the A%C motion-

+y means of this method a time history of all A%C 'arameters (angle of incidence?
'itch rate? 'itch acceleration? A%C load factor? wing load? ET load! is calculated-

(gra'hic!



.ing Sections (metal and com'osite! (:6 )U"!

A library of com'osite material layers is defined including all material 'ro'erties-
This library is used to define the layout of a wing cross section (ty'e and no- of
layers? layer direction!-
The section bending and torsion moment are defined-
The bending and shear stresses are calculated-
Finaly the safety factors for each layer is defines (Tsai criteria!-

(gra'hic!












Landing Gear Strut- Calculation ( 66 )U"!

This 'rogram simulates the landing of an elastic landing gear leaf (strut! by means
of an iterati/e method- Large geometrical deformations are considered- The force
deformation diagram and the deflected form of the leaf are 'lotted-
The form of the landing gear strut is defined: rectangular or round section- The
safety factors for each cross sections are calculated (bending? torsion and total
loading!- Ealf struts or cross one 'iece! struts may be calculated-
The tire elastic characteristic is considered-

(gra'hic!















Fuselage Design (66 )U"!

The main fuselage contour lines are defined: u''er and lower from the side /iew?
line of ma=- width? 'osition of the ma=- width line-
The cross sections of the fuselage are defined by means of conical cur/es (one cur/e
for the u''er side and one for the lower side!- A conical coefficient defines the form
of the cross section-
A A-D*FB file may be e='orted and read directly in CAD 'rograms in order to define a
/ery smooth surface form of the fuselage-

The whole 'rocedure may be done in less then one hour-

(gra'hic!













Coming Soon: Lifting Surface Aerodynamic Load Distribution ((S)*C)L a''lication!
Calculates the lift and induced drag distribution for com'le= aircraft $D configurations
li,e canard? winglets- Control surface deflections are included-
The lifting surface theory is used to define the 'ressure distributions-

Coming Soon: S'readsheets:
.eight F +alance
&ertical Climbing S'eed
4ro'eller 4erformance and Goise (easurements
Standard Atmos'hera

Urheber und Gut@ungsrechte
Co'yright H #110 4CAero%Di'l- Ing- Calin Gologan- All rights reser/ed-
4rograms written by 4CAero%Di'l- Ing- Calin Gologan- All rights reser/ed by 4C
Aero%Di'l- Ing- Calin Gologan-
The 'assing on of the 'rograms of third is e='ressly forbidden- The 'rograms were
e=amined with large care for errors? lac, are howe/er ne/ertheless not com'letely
to be e=cluded- .e cannot ta,e o/er therefore for the correctness and
conseDuences? which can result from the use of the 'rogram? adhesion-
If you download our 'rogram modules of these website? acce't the following rights
to use:
All co'yrights remain with the right owners 4C Aero%Di'l- )ngineer Calin Gologan-
Any commercial use of the files (in addition among other things the 'ublication in
brochures counts? the use in announcements or on .ebsites of enter'rise etc-! is
not 'ermitted? also not in changed form-
.ithout 're/ious written agreement of the owners of co'yrights you may use the
files only for your 'ersonal use- They may not bring it in the Internet or on CD "7(
in circulation-

Further Juestions to:
Eead of Co'orate Communications:
Dr- +irgit .eiKenbach
)(ail: dr-birgit-weissenbachL'caero-de