Chnh lu in xoay chiu

Ni dung: Tng qut v b ngun, Mch chnh lu bn chu k, Mch chnh lu c chu
k.
1. B ngun trong cc mch in t .
Trng cc !ch "i#n t$ c%& cc thi't b( nh )&di *+&,,-tt-, .!l/0, Ti vi !1u, 21u
3+4 v v... ch5ng ,$ d6ng ngun !t chiu 4+ 7 cc !8c "i#n / khc nh&u, nhng 7
ng9i :;c c;! c%& cc thi't b( n90 li c;! tr<c ti'/ v9 ngun "i#n =+ >>?3 @?A: , nh
vB0 cc thi't b( "i#n t$ c1n cC !t b /hBn "D chu0Dn "i tE ngun F&0 chiu r& "i#n /
!t chiu , cung cG/ ch cc !ch trHn, b /hBn chu0Dn "i b& g! :
Ii'n / ngun : A th' tE >>?3 FuJng cc "i#n / thG/ hKn nh L3, M3, N>3, >O3
v v ...
Mch chnh lu : 2i "i#n =+ th9nh 4+.
Mch lPc QPc gRn F&0 chiu ,&u chnh lu ch ngun 4+ /hSng hKn.
Mch n / : TiU !t "i#n / cJ "(nh cung cG/ ch ti tiHu th6
S tng qut ca mch cp ngun.
2. Mch chnh lu n chu !" .
Mch chnh lu bn chu k ,$ d6ng !t 4id- !;c nJi ti'/ vVi ti tiHu th6, 7 chu k
dKng WX 4id- "Rc /hYn c<c thuBn d "C cC dZng "i#n "i qu& did- v9 "i qu& ti, 7 chu
k Y! , 4id- b( /hYn c<c ngRc d "C kh[ng cC dZng qu& ti.
Dng in p u ra ca mch chnh lu bn chu k.
2. Mch chnh lu c# chu !"
Mch chnh lu c chu k th\ng d]ng O 4id- !;c th- h^nh c1u _cZn gPi l9 !ch
chnh lu c1u` nh h^nh dVi.
!ch chnh lu c" chu k .
a chu k dKng _ "1u dY0 /hb& trHn dKng, /hb& dVi Y!` dZng "i#n "i qu& did-
4N WX qu& )ti WX qu& did- 4O v "1u dY0 Y!
a chu k Y!, "i#n / trHn cun th8 cG/ " chiu _ "1u dY0 7 trHn Y!, 7 dVi
dKng` dZng "i#n "i qu& 4> WX qu& )ti WX qu& 4c v "1u dY0 Y!.
Nh vB0 c h&i chu k "u cC dZng "i#n ch0 qu& ti.
Mch l$c ngun% mch chnh lu x2
Ni dung : d nghe& c%& t6 "i#n trng !ch lPc ngun , 4ng "i#n / c%& !ch chnh lu
kh[ng cC t6 lPc, Ngu0Hn lf !ch chnh lu nhYn >.
1. Mch l$c &'ng t( in.
g&u khi chnh lu t& thu "Rc "i#n / !t chiu nhG/ nh[, n'u kh[ng cC t6 lPc th^ "i#n
/ nhG/ nh[ n90 ch& thD d]ng "Rc v9 cc !ch "i#n t$ , d "C trng cc !ch ngun,
t& /hi l;/ thH! cc t6 lPc cC tr( ,J tE v9i trh! ij "'n v9i ng9n ij v9 ,&u c1u 4id-
chnh lu.
Dng in p D# ca mch chnh lu
tr$ng hai tr%ng h&p c' t( )* kh+ng c' t(
gK " trHn !inh h cc tr\ng hR/ !ch ngun cC t6 lPc v9 kh[ng cC t6 lPc.
khi c[ng t;c k !7, !ch chnh lu kh[ng cC t6 lPc th&! gi& , v^ vB0 "i#n / thu
"Rc cC dng nhG/ nh[.
khi c[ng t;c k "Cng, !ch chnh lu cC t6 +N th&! gi& lPc ngun , k't qu l9 "i#n
/ "1u r& "Rc lPc tKng "Ji /hSng, n'u t6 +N cC "i#n dung c9ng lVn th^ "i#n / 7
"1u r& c9ng blng /hSng, t6 +N trng cc b ngun th\ng cC tr( ,J khng v9i ng9n
ij .
!inh h$ , -in .(ng ca t( l/c c*ng l0n
th1 in p u ra c*ng b2ng ph3ng.
Trng cc !ch chnh lu, n'u cC t6 lPc !9 kh[ng cC ti hmc ti tiHu th6 !t c[ng
FuGt kh[ng "ng kD , vVi c[ng FuGt c%& bi'n / th^ "i#n / 4+ thu "Rc l9 4+ W
N,O.=+
). Mch chnh lu nh*n 2 .
S mch ngun chnh lu nh4n 5
2D tr7 th9nh !ch chnh lu nhYn > t& /hi d]ng h&i t6 h c]ng tr( ,J !;c nJi
ti'/, ,&u "C "Gu N "1u c%& "i#n / F&u chiu v9 "iD! giU& h&i t6 WX t& ,n thu
"Rc "i#n / thng gG/ > l1n.
a !ch trHn, khi c[ng t;c k !7, !ch tr7 v dng chnh lu th[ng th\ng .
khi c[ng t;c k "Cng, !ch tr7 th9nh !ch chnh lu nhYn >, v9 k't qu l9 t& thu
"Rc "i#n / r& thng gG/ > l1n
Mch +n , c- .nh% /C +n ,
Ni dung : Mch n / cJ "(nh d]ng 4id- o-n-r, Mch n / d]ng Tr&n,i,tr khu0'ch
"i, p+ n / Q=qr?@, Q=qr?r, 8ng d6ng c%& p+ n / trng cc !ch cG/ ngun.
1. Mch +n , c- .nh &'ng 0io&1 21n1r.
.
Mch n / t / cc3 cJ "(nh cung cG/
ch !ch dZ kHnh trng Ti vi !1u
TE ngun NN?3 kh[ng cJ "(nh th[ng qu& "i#n tr7 hn dZng )N v9 gi! trHn 4:
cc3 "D lG0 r& !t "i#n / cJ "(nh cung cG/ ch !ch dZ k#nh
khi thi't k' !t !ch n / nh trHn t& c1n tbnh tn "i#n tr7 hn dZng ,& ch
dZng "i#n ngRc c<c "i qu& 4: /hi nhs hKn dZng !9 4: ch(u "Rc, dZng c<c "i
qu& 4: l9 khi dZng qu& )> W ?
Nh ,K " trHn th^ dZng c<c "i qu& 4: blng ,6t / trHn )N chi& ch gi tr( )N , gPi
dZng "i#n n90 l9 pN t& cC
pN W _NN? * cc ` t q@?? W qq t q@?? u N?!=
Th[ng th\ng t& nHn "D dZng ngRc qu& 4: v >@ !=
2. Mch +n , c- .nh &'ng 3ran4i4tor% /C +n , .
Mch n / d]ng 4id- o-n-r nh trHn cC u "iD! l9 "Kn gin nhng nhRc "iD! l9 ch
dZng "i#n nhs _ v >?!= ` . 2D cC thD t r& !t "i#n / cJ "(nh nhng ch dZng "i#n
!nh hKn nhiu l1n ng\i t& !;c thH! Tr&n,i,tr "D khu0'ch "i v dZng nh ,K " dVi
"Y0.
Mch n / cC Tr&n,i,tr khu0'ch "i
a !ch trHn "i#n / ti "iD! = cC thD th&0 "i v9 cZn gRn F&0 chiu nhng "i#n
/ ti "iD! I kh[ng th&0 "i v9 tKng "Ji /hSng.
Ngu0Hn lf n / : Th[ng qu& "i#n tr7 )N v9 4: gi! cJ "(nh "i#n / chYn I c%&
Tr&n,i,tr wN, gi ,$ khi "i#n / chYn x "yn wN gi! WX khi "C "i#n / zIx thng
WX dZng qu& "yn wN thng WX l9! "i#n / chYn x c%& "yn thng , v9 ngRc li ...
Mch n / trHn "Kn gin v9 hi#u qu nHn "Rc ,$ d6ng rGt rng d{i v9 ng\i t& "{
,n FuGt cc li p+ hP Q=qr.. "D th&0 th' ch !ch n / trHn, p+ Q=qr.. cC ,K "
!ch nh /h1n !ch cC !1u F&nh c%& ,K " trHn.

6# n p h/ 789:.. 6# n p 789:;<
Q=qr?@ p+ n / @3
Q=qr?r p+ n / r3
Q=qr?M p+ n / M3
Q=qrN> p+ n / N>3
5u 6 : AP p+qr.. ch ch dZng tiHu th6 khng N= tr7 FuJng, khi r/ p+ trng !ch
th^ z in X zut tE c "'n @3 khi "C p+ !Vi /ht hu0 tc d6ng.
). 7ng &(ng c8a /C +n , h$ 9:..
p+ n / hP qr.. "Rc d]ng rng r{i trng cc b ngun , nh I ngun c%& "1u 3+4,
trng Ti vi !1u, trng !0 tbnh v v...
=ng .(ng ca 6# n p 789:;< )*
789:;: tr$ng b> ngun u ?#D
;gun +n , tuy<n t=nh
Ni dung : Tng qut v !ch ngun n / tu0'n tbnh cC hi ti'/, |hYn tbch !ch ngun
n / tu0'n tbnh trng Ti vi "-n tr;ng, trng Ti vi Ni "(& nhBt.
1. >? !h-i c8a mch +n , c@ hi ti<, .
S kh@i ca mch n p c' hi tiAp .
A Mt 4- Bc iCm c8a mch +n , c@ hi ti<, D
+ung cG/ "i#n / !t chiu 7 "1u r& kh[ng "i trng h&i tr\ng hR/ "i#n / "1u
v9 th&0 "i hmc dZng tiHu th6 c%& ti th&0 "i , tu0 nhiHn ,< th&0 "i n90 /hi cC
giVi hn.
+h "i#n / !t chiu "1u r& cC chGt lRng c&, gi! thiDu "Rc hi#n tRng gRn
F&0 chiu.
A ;guyEn tFc hot ng c8a mch.
Mch lG0 !}u ,n th- d~i "i#n / "1u r& th[ng qu& !t c1u /hYn / t r& _ zl! :
/ lG0 !}u`
Mch t / chun WX gi! lG0 !t !8c "i#n / cJ "(nh _zc : / chun `
Mch , ,nh ,n , ,nh h&i "i#n / lG0 !}u zl! v9 / chun zc "D t th9nh "i#n
/ "iu khiDn.
Mch khu'ch "i ,$& ,&i ,n khu'ch "i / "iu khiDn, ,&u "C "& v "iu chnh ,<
ht "ng c%& "yn c[ng FuGt th- hVng ngRc li, n'u "i#n / r& thng WX th[ng
qu& !ch hi ti'/ "iu chnh WX "yn c[ng FuGt d}n gi! WX"i#n / r& gi! FuJng .
NgRc li n'u "i#n / r& gi! WX th[ng qu& !ch hi ti'/ "iu chnh WX "yn c[ng
FuGt li d}n thng WX v9 "i#n / r& thng lHn WXX k't qu "i#n / "1u r& kh[ng th&0
"i.
2. Gh*n t=ch hot ng c8a mch ngun c@ hi ti<, trong 3i Hi 1n trFng >am4ung
-in p u )*$ cBn g&n C$aD chiEu -in p u ra b2ng ph3ng
!ch n p tuDAn tFnh tr$ng Gi )i SamHung In trJng .
A I nghJa cc linh !in trEn 4? .
T6 >>??ij l9 t6 lPc ngun chbnh, lPc "i#n / ,&u chnh lu Nr3 , "Y0 cng l9 "i#n
/ "1u v9 c%& !ch n /, "i#n / n90 cC thD thng gi! khng N@.
wN l9 "yn c[ng FuGt ngun cung cG/ dZng "i#n chbnh ch ti , "i#n / "1u r& c%&
!c n / lG0 tE chYn + "yn wN v9 cC gi tr( N>3 cJ "(nh .
)N l9 tr7 /hYn dZng cC c[ng FuGt lVn ghnh bVt !t /h1n dZng "i#n "i qu& "yn
c[ng FuGt.
+1u /hYn / )@, 3)N v9 )L t r& / lG0 !}u "& v9 chYn I "yn w> .
4id- :-n-r 4: v9 )O t !t "i#n / chun cJ "(nh , vVi "i#n / r&.
w> l9 "yn , ,nh v9 khu0'ch "i "i#n / ,&i l#ch WX "& v "iu khiDn ,< ht
"ng c%& "yn c[ng FuGt wN.
)c liHn lc giU& wN v9 w>, )> /hYn / ch wN
A ;guyEn l6 hot ng .
2i#n / "1u r& ,n cC Fu hVng th&0 "i khi 2i#n / "1u v9 th&0 "i, hmc dZng
tiHu th6 th&0 "i.
Ki# 4 : khi "i#n / v9 thng WX "i#n / r& thng WX "i#n / chYn x "yn w> thng
nhiu hKn chYn I _ d cC 4: gi! tE chYn x "yn w> lHn zr&, cZn zl! ch lG0 !t
/h1n zr& ` d "C zIx gi! WX "yn w> d}n gi! WX "yn wN d}n gi! WX "i#n / r&
gi! FuJng. TKng t< khi zv9 gi!, th[ng qu& !ch "iu chnh WX t& li thu
"Rc zr& thng. Th\i gi&n "iu chnh c%& vZng hi ti'/ rGt nh&nh khng v9i i giY0
v9 "Rc cc t6 lPc "1u r& li bs, kh[ng l9! nh h7ng "'n chGt lRng c%& "i#n /
!t chiu WX k't qu l9 "i#n / "1u r& tKng "Ji /hSng.
khi "iu chnh bi'n tr7 3)N , "i#n / lG0 !}u th&0 "i, " d}n "yn w> th&0 "i ,
" d}n "yn wN th&0 "i WX k't qu l9 "i#n / r& th&0 "i, 3)N d]ng "D "iu chnh
"in / r& th- f !uJn .
). Mch ngun 3i Hi ni .a nhLt.
S mch ngun n p tuDAn tFnh
tr$ng Gi )i mu n>i Ka LhMt .
+N l9 t6 lPc ngun chbnh ,&u c1u 4id- chnh lu.
+> l9 t6 lPc "1u r& c%& !ch ngun tu0'n tbnh.
+1u /hYn / )O, 3)N, )@ t r& "i#n / lG0 !}u zQM
)> v9 4: t r& / chun zc
)c liHn lc giU& wc v9 w>, )N "(nh thiHn ch "yn c[ng FuGt wN
)L l9 "i#n tr7 /hYn dZng, l9 "i#n tr7 c[ng FuGt lVn .
wc l9 "yn , ,nh v9 khu'ch "i / dZ ,&i
khu'ch "i "i#n / dZ ,&i
wN "yn c[ng FuGt ngun
WX Ngun l9! vi#c trng di "i#n / v9 cC thD th&0 "i N?, "i#n / r& lu[n lu[n
cJ "(nh .