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043E"a+4"A;C"+4" 9"Y>F"*&M)K04: 9:?&`.Eb!04"j043E"a51$v)/08 A"a:;:?)> p@" 90K;C+-:?&043E"[)/"HF)/:#+G %"Hk6/0 !043!"u) H!!$'!
&`$'+4+4:#+Y$v)j*.!.!+4:#.!+4$70-"cLZ&`:*Oq"*5($L0-3!"m3E:?+4'$ i:?10W*cyF5Oq"H+404$ cg56$'+4" 90-$L:#F&) 2U5043!"[.E+4: 9"*)-)$7)
+4"H."N04"N5_;C:#+%0-3!"j:?0-3!"+=cL: H04$':?w:?(043!"j:#)> p@" 90G
 )K\K" 1!:*\;C+-:?& i31Z!)@$ )J043!"u)@."H"*5 FQ ;C+4"Nb!"H 9Z   FU5M0-3!"j\=Oq"Yc'"!?0-'3  # <+-"+-"cv*04"*5
?)[;C:?cLc':*\)9t  GIK3!"+-"9;C:?+-" K\=$'043)/.F""N5:;ucL$'?310`tP - K;C:?+(&Mk1$L&Xb!&+W*!?"
:;P - &_"04"+8&) 2\K"`# !"H"*504:3UNOq"_cL$L#360u>F"*&\=$'043{;C+-"*qb!" 9n"  +  i:*0 ;  1H? @ - + - 0 G
IK3!"0-3!"[51$v)/08 A" pY p:*;K0-3!"a:#)> p@" 90.F:?$L10%;C+-:?&043!"X)@"F)@:? + *>F"[56"0-"+4&_$L!1 "*5X>6Z(043E"[.!3F?)@"
56$ \p"H+4" A"  ?>F"0@\y""j043!"y+4"9;C"H+4" A"K*F5+-&" oF" A04"*5Y>F"*&M),>1Zj043!"J;C:?cLc':*\=$L!K;C:#+4&Xb!cv1n? # 
120
:?+e # G
!" 12 90 :?&_&`"+ A$L*cLc'ZXNO#*$Lcv*>!cL"[+8!#"X)/"U)/:?/+  c'cL"*5  ]I=[f r P  *.!.F".+ n3F#)%043!"a;C:#cLc':7\ (
$LEl)/.F" 9$ j 0-$L:#F)9GlIK3!"()@"F)@:?+XbF)/"*)u)/:#cL$v5)@0W0-"  - E& SF*!:&`"0-"+W)WVjY  c  )mS/e*cLcL$'b!&
 c'cLb!&`$'6bE&  +W)@"!$v51"?VKc7?)@"+j56$':156"qGjIK3!"X) s)/ZE)/0-"&bF)/"*)jm+-:?0804:#+4Z.F:?c'Z6#:?l&`$L+-+4:#+K;C:?+Y0-3!"
3!:#+4d$ iH:?10WcQ) **F5|.!cv*F+[!:15E56$L!l&`$'+4+4:#+Y;C:?+[043E"{Oq"H+404$ c) *nGtfT0[.!+-:O1$v51"*)mH  + H 
.!$'k6"c7)K$L&(*?"Y\=$'043wa;C+W&_"+80-":*;  P mm&()@" 9;C+8&`"GiIK3!"j+W*!?"[+-"*)/:#cLb!0-$L:#{$7)##m$' ^3E"*&) EF5
&`$'!$L&[b!&+8!#"[:;#G m;C"H"0G  )$'0=$v)=:?>1O6$':?bF)=04g 3Fo *0  - !&\=Oq"jcL"H!?0-3)/"HF)/:#+Y\=$Lc'cn3FOq"Oq"H+4Z


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OBJECT
REFLECTED
LIGHT

Received
Light

Transmitted
Beam

Light
Beam

Amplitud

TRANSMITER

RECEIVER

Output

SCANNING
MIRROR UNIT
Phase

B$L#b!+4" oGL?  Kc': (T51$v#+W*&:;ya+8!#"[)@"F)/:#+G


cL$'&`$L0-"*5`+W*!?"2043!"H+4"9;C:#+4"n043E$v)Ycv#)/"+j>F"*&r$v)Y!:#+4&(*cLc'Z{&_:156b!cv*04"*5\=$L0-3t)@:?&`"[3E$L?3;C+4"Nb!"H 9Z
)/$'?F*c=S"G!GX - x#V=04:( ^3E$L"Oq"u3!$L#3!"+Y+8!#"p"qG !GuP - & +8!#"qG q$' 9"a0-3!"X)/"HF)/:#+ A:?&`.!bE04"*)
043E"Y+W*!?"j>F#)/"*5`:?(0-3!"j.!3F?)@"u56$ <"+-" 9"\=3!$ W3 *(O?*+4ZX>F"0@\K"" - 04:XP
- 56"#+4""*) 60-3!"j.!3F?)@"
56$ p"H+4" A"=:;n&_:?+4"=0-3F_P
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:;0-3!" 9:?104$'6b!:#bF)Y\=Oq"9;C:#+4&()AG !:?+a"Hk!*&`.!cLn" 0-3!"m.E3F?)@"(56$ <"+-" 9"[:*;eP
 56"?+-""*)Y\=$Lc'ci"*)-)/") (
04$7c'cLZa>F"04+-"*0-"*5m#)Kj.!3F?)@"Y51$ <"+4"H 9"=:; j56"H?+4"H"*)9GJIK3!"H+4"9;C:#+4" ?0-3!"+-"%$7)]*(&X>!$'?b!$'0/Zj$'60-"+4O#c 
>F"Zq:?U5 \=3E$ W3 \y" *!:#0X56"04"H+4&`$'!"m0-3!"(+W*!?" 9bE+W0-"cLZG !:?+[0-3!"  ]I=[f r s)/"HF)/:#+m0-3!"
&X>!$'?b!$'0/Z[$'60-"+4O#*cp$v)=P - m;C""H0G
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\=3!$ ^3(3FOq"Y>F""(bF)@"*5{$'^ rJ:?&_.!b!04"H + Y$v)@$L:? GiIK3!"*)@" 9bE+4O#0-b!+4"*)=*+4"j?$'Oq"(>6Z<
S4    y    yy  V y
 S-   y V   S-S4     y y V    y V"!    A       
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(*) S - P R + S - i.F"*
Output

Reference Phase



 



 

6

      
     
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H!

Flat

Valley

Minimal

Peak

Pit

B$L#b!+4"+G 1 qbE+/;o A"0@Z1.F"*)9G

Saddle Ridge

Saddle Valley

(*) S - P R + 8 - i.!$'0
*( ) - P R + S - i+4$756?"
*( ) - P R + - o<*0
*( ) - P R + 8 - iO#c'cL"Z
*( ) 8 - P R + S - J)4#5!56c'"a+4$756?"
*( ) 8 - P R + - i&`$'!$L&(*c
*( ) 8 - P R + 8 - J)4#5!56c'"aO#c'cL"Z
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